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536 lines
26 KiB
HTML
536 lines
26 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" />
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
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<link href="main.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
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<title>Main Window - 6502bench SourceGen</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="content">
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<h1>6502bench SourceGen: Main Window</h1>
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<p><a href="index.html">Back to index</a></p>
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<h2><a name="starting-new">Starting a New Project</a></h2>
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<p>Select File > New, or if no project is open, click "Start new project".
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This opens the Create New Project window.</p>
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<p>Start by selecting your target system from the tree on the left.
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The panel on the right will show the CPU that will be selected, as well
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as the symbol files and extension scripts that will be loaded by default.
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All of these may be overridden later from the project properties.
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(If the description in the panel on the right says "[placeholder]", it
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means that the system doesn't yet have a set of symbols defined for it.)</p>
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<p>Next, click the "Select File..." button. Pick the file you wish to
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disassemble. The dialog will update with the pathname and some notes
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about the file's size. Click "OK" if all looks good to create the
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project.</p>
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<p><strong>NOTE:</strong> Support for large 65816 programs is
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incomplete. The maximum size for a data file is currently 1 MiB.</p>
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<p>The first time you save the project (with File > Save), you will be
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prompted for the project name. It's best to use the data file's name
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with ".dis65" added, so this will be set as the default. The data
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file's name is not stored in the project file, so if you pick a different
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name, or save the project in a different directory, you will have to
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select the data file manually whenever you open the project.</p>
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<h2><a name="opening">Opening an Existing Project</a></h2>
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<p>Select File > Open, or if no project is open, click "Open
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existing project". Select the .dis65 project file from the standard
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file dialog.</p>
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<p>SourceGen will try to open a data file with the project's name,
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minus the ".dis65". If it can't find a file with that name, or if there's
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something wrong with it (e.g. the CRC doesn't match), you will be given
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the opportunity to specify the location of the data file to use.</p>
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<p>If non-fatal problems with the file are detected, a warning will be
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shown. If it's something simple, like a missing .sym65 or extension
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script file, you'll be notified. If it's something more complicated,
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e.g. the project has a comment on an offset that doesn't exist, you
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will be warned that the problematic data has been deleted, and will be
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lost if the project is saved. You will also be given the opportunity
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to cancel the loading of the project.</p>
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<p>The locations of the last few projects you've worked with are saved
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in the application settings. You can access them from
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File > Recent Projects. If no project is open, links to the two
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most-recently-opened projects will be available.</p>
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<h2><a name="working">Working With a Project</a></h2>
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<p>The main project window is divided into five areas:</p>
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<ol>
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<li>Center: the code list. If no project is open, this will instead
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have buttons to open a new or existing project.</li>
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<li>Top left: cross-reference list.</li>
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<li>Bottom left: notes list.</li>
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<li>Top right: symbols list.</li>
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<li>Bottom right: info on selected line.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Most actions are performed in the center code list. All of the
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sub-windows can be resized. The window sizes and column widths are
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saved in the application settings file.</p>
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<p>A toolbar near the top of the screen has some shortcut buttons.
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If you hover your mouse over them, a tooltip with an explanation will
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appear.</p>
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<h3><a name="code-list">Code List</a></h3>
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<p>The code list provides a view of the code being disassembled. Each
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line may be an instruction, data item, long comment, note, or
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assembler directive.</p>
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<p>The list is divided into columns:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><b>Offset</b>. The offset within the file where the instruction
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or data item starts. Throughout the UI, file offsets are shown as
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six-digit hex values with a leading '+'.</li>
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<li><b>Address</b>. The address where the assembled code will execute.
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For 8-bit CPUs this is shown as a 4-digit hex number, for 16-bit
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CPUs the bank is shown as well. Double-click on this field to open the
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<a href="editors.html#address">Edit Address</a> dialog.</li>
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<li><b>Bytes</b>. Shows up to four bytes from the data file that
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correspond to the instruction or data. To see the full dump of
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a longer item, such as an ASCII string, double-click on the field
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to open the
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<a href="tools.html#hexdump">Hex Dump Viewer</a>. This is
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a floating window, so you can keep it open while you work.
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Double-clicking in the bytes column while the window is open will
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update the viewer's position and selection.</li>
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<li><b>Flags</b>. This shows the state of the status flags as they
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are before the instruction is executed. Double-click on this
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field to open the
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<a href="editors.html#flags">Edit Status Flag Override</a> dialog.</li>
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<li><b>Attributes</b>. Some instructions and data items have
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interesting attributes. '@' indicates an entry point, 'H' means
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one or more bytes has a hint, '#' means execution will not continue
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to the following instruction, '>' is shown for branch targets, and
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'!' appears when a conditional branch is never taken. (This
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column is rarely useful and can be hidden.)</li>
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<li><b>Label</b>. If a label has been defined for this offset, by
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the user or generated automatically, it will appear here. Also,
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full-line items like long comments and notes will start in this
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field. Double-click on this field to open the
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<a href="editors.html#label">Edit Label</a> dialog.</li>
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<li><b>Opcode</b>. The instruction or pseudo-opcode mnemonic.
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If an instruction is embedded inside this one, a ▼ symbol
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will appear.
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If you double-click this field for an instruction or data item
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whose operand refers to an address in the file, the selection will
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jump to that location. If the operand is a local variable, the
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selection will jump to the point where the variable was defined.</li>
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<li><b>Operand</b>. The instruction or data operand. Data operands
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may span a large number of bytes. Double-click on this field to
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open the
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<a href="editors.html#instruction-operand">Edit Instruction Operand</a>
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or <a href="editors.html#data-operand">Edit Data Operand</a> dialog, as
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appropriate. (Note you can shift-double-click on data items to
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edit multiple lines.)</li>
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<li><b>Comment</b>. End-of-line comment, generally shown with a ';'
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prefix. If enabled, cycle counts will appear here. Double-click
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on this field to open the
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<a href="editors.html#comment">Edit Comment</a> dialog.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Double-clicking anywhere on a line with a note or long comment will
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open the
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<a href="editors.html#note">Edit Note</a> or
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<a href="editors.html#long-comment">Edit Long Comment</a> dialog,
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respectively.</p>
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<p>The code list is a standard Windows list view. You can left-click
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to select an item, ctrl-left-click to toggle individual items on and
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off, and shift-left-click to select a range. You can select all lines
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with Edit > Select All. Resize columns by
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left-clicking on the divider in the header and dragging it.</p>
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<p>Selecting any part of a multi-line item, such as a long comment
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or character string, effectively selects the entire item.</p>
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<p>Right-clicking opens a menu. The contents are the same as those in
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the Actions menu item in the menu bar. The set of options that are
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enabled will depend on what you have selected in the main window.</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="editors.html#address">Set Address</a>. Sets the
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target address at that offset. Enabled when a single instruction or
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data line is selected.</li>
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<li><a href="editors.html#flags">Override Status Flags</a>. Changes
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the status flags at that offset. Enabled when a single instruction
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line is selected.</li>
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<li><a href="editors.html#label">Edit Label</a>. Sets the label
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at that offset. Enabled when a single instruction or data line is
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selected.</li>
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<li><a href="editors.html#instruction-operand">Edit Operand</a>. Opens the
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Edit Instruction Operand or Edit Data Operand window, depending on
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what's selected.
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Enabled when a single instruction line is selected, or when one
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or more data lines are selected.</li>
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<li><a href="editors.html#comment">Edit Comment</a>. Sets the
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comment at that offset. Enabled when a single instruction or data
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line is selected.</li>
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<li><a href="editors.html#long-comment">Edit Long Comment</a>. Sets
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the long comment at that offset. Enabled when a single instruction
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or data line, or an existing long comment, is selected.</li>
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<li><a href="editors.html#note">Edit Note</a>. Sets the note at
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that offset. Enabled when a single instruction or data line, or
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an existing note, is selected.</li>
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<li><a href="editors.html#project-symbol">Edit Project Symbol</a>.
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Sets the name, value, and comment of the project symbol. Enabled
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when a single equate directive, generated from a project symbol, is
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selected.</li>
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<li><a href="editors.html#lvtable">Create Local Variable Table</a>.
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Create a new local variable table.</li>
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<li><a href="editors.html#lvtable">Edit Prior Local Variable Table</a>.
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Modify or delete entries in the most recently defined local
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variable table.</li>
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<li><a href="#hints">Hinting</a> (Hint As Code Entry Point, Hint As
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Data Start, Hint As Inline Data, Remove Hints). Enabled when one or more
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code and data lines are selected. Remove Hints is only enabled when
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at least one line has hints. The keyboard shortcuts for hints are
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two-key combinations.</li>
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<li><a href="#address-table">Format Address Table</a>. Formats
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a series of bytes as parts of a table of addresses.</li>
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<li><a href="#toggle-single">Toggle Single-Byte Format</a>. Toggles
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a range of lines between default format and single-byte format. Enabled
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when one or more data lines are selected.</li>
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<li><a href="#format-as-word">Format As Word</a>. Formats two bytes as
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a 16-bit little-endian word.</li>
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<li>Delete Note / Long Comment. Deletes the selected note or long
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comment. Enabled when a single note or long comment is selected.</li>
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<li><a href="tools.html#hexdump">Show Hex Dump</a>. Opens the hex dump
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viewer, with the current selection highlighted. Always enabled. If
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nothing is selected, the viewer will open at the top of the file.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3><a name="undo">Undo & Redo</a></h3>
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<p>You can undo a change with Edit > Undo, or Ctrl+Z. You can redo a
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change with Edit > Redo, Ctrl+Y, or Ctrl+Shift+Z.</p>
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<p>All changes to the project, including changes to the project properties,
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are added to the undo/redo buffer. This has no fixed size limit, so no
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matter how much you change, you can always undo back to the point where
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the project was opened.</p>
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<p>The undo history is not saved as part of the project. Closing a project
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clears it.</p>
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<h3><a name="references">References Window</a></h3>
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<p>When a single instruction or data line is selected in the main window,
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all references to that offset will be shown in the References window.
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For each reference, the file offset, address, and some details about the
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type of reference will be shown.</p>
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<p>The reference type indicates whether the origin is an instruction or
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data operand, and provides an indication of the nature of the reference:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>call - subroutine call
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(e.g. <code>JSR addr</code>, <code>JSL addr</code>)</li>
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<li>branch - conditional or unconditional branch
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(e.g. <code>JMP addr</code>, <code>BCC addr</code>)</li>
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<li>read - read from memory
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(e.g. <code>LDA addr</code>, <code>BIT addr</code>)</li>
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<li>write - write to memory
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(e.g. <code>STA addr</code>)</li>
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<li>rmw - read-modify-write
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(e.g. <code>LSR addr</code>, <code>TSB addr</code>)</li>
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<li>ref - reference to address by instruction
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(e.g. <code>LDA #<addr</code>, <code>PEA addr</code>)</li>
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<li>data - reference to address by data
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(e.g. <code>.DD2 addr</code>)</li>
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</ul>
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<p>This will be prefixed with "Sym" or "Oth" to indicate whether or not
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the reference used the label at the current address. To understand
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this, consider that addresses can be referenced in different ways.
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For example:</p>
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<pre>
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LDA DATA0
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LDX DATA0+1
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RTS
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DATA0 .DD1 $80
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DATA1 .DD2 $90
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</pre>
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<p>Both <code>DATA0</code> and <code>DATA1</code> are accessed, but
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both operands used <code>DATA0</code>. When the <code>DATA0</code> line
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is selected in the code list, the references window will show the
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<code>LDA</code> and <code>LDX</code> instructions, because both
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instructions referenced it. When <code>DATA1</code> is selected, the
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references window will show the <code>LDX</code>, because that
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instruction accessed <code>DATA1</code>'s location even though it didn't
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use the symbol. To make the difference clear, the lines in the references
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window will either show "Sym" (to indicate that the symbol at the selected
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line was referenced) or "Oth" (to indicate that some other symbol, or no
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symbol, was used).</p>
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<p>When an equate directive (generated for platform and project
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symbols) or local variable assignment is selected, the References
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window will show all references to that symbol. Unlike in-file
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references, only the uses of that symbol are shown. So if you have
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both a project symbol and a local variable for address $30, they
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will show disjoint sets of references. Furthermore, if you explicitly
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format an instruction operand as hex, e.g. <code>LDA $30</code>, it will
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not appear in either set because it's not a symbolic reference.</p>
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<p>The cross-reference data is used to generate the set of equate
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directives at the top of the listing. If nothing references a platform
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or project symbol, an equate directive will not be generated for it.</p>
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<p>Double-clicking on a reference moves the code list selection to that
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reference, and adds the previous selection to the navigation stack.</p>
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<h3><a name="notes">Notes Window</a></h3>
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<p>When you add a note, it will also be added to this window.
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Double-clicking on a note will jump directly to it, and add the previous
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selection to the navigation stack. This makes notes useful as bookmarks.</p>
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<h3><a name="symbols">Symbols Window</a></h3>
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<p>All known <a href="intro.html#about-symbols">symbols</a> are shown
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here. The filter buttons allow you to screen out symbols you're not
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interested in, such as platform symbols or constants.</p>
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<p>Clicking on one of the column headers will sort the list on that
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field. Click a second time to reverse the sort direction.</p>
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<p>Double-clicking on an auto or user label will jump to that label, and
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add the previous selection to the navigation stack. This can be a handy
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way to move around the file, jumping from label to label.</p>
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<h3><a name="info">Info Window</a></h3>
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<p>Some additional information about the currently-selected line is
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shown, such as the formatting applied to the operand. If the operand
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has a default format, any automatically-generated format will be noted.
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For an instruction,
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a summary is shown that includes the cycle count, flags affected, and a
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brief description of what the instruction does. The latter can be
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especially handy for undocumented instructions.</p>
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<h3><a name="navigation">Navigation</a></h3>
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<p>The simplest way to move through the code list is with the scroll wheel
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on your mouse, or by left-clicking and dragging the scroll bar. You
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can also use PgUp/PgDn and the arrow keys.</p>
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<p>Use Edit > Find to search for text. This performs a case-insensitive
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text search on the label, opcode, operand, and comment fields.
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Use Edit > Find Next to find the next match.</p>
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<p>Use Edit > Go To to jump to an offset, address, or label. Remember
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that offsets and addresses are always hexadecimal, and offsets start
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with a '+'. If you have a label that is also a valid hexadecimal
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address, like "FEED", the label takes precedence. To jump to the address
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write "$FEED" instead.</p>
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<p>When you jump around, by double-clicking on an opcode or an entry
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in one of the side windows, the currently-selected line is added to
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a navigation stack. You can use the arrows on the toolbar to navigate
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forward or backward. (You can use Alt+Left/Right Arrow, or
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Ctrl+- / Ctrl+Shift+-, as keyboard shortcuts.)</p>
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<h3><a name="hints">Adding and Removing Hints</a></h3>
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<p>To add code entry or data hints, select the desired offsets and
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use Actions > Hint As Code Entry Point or Hint As Data. Because code
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hints mean "the code analyzer should start here", and data hints mean
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"the code analyzer should stop here", there is rarely any reason to hint
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multiple consecutive bytes. For this reason, only the first byte on each
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selected line will be hinted.</p>
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<p>For inline data, you need to hint every byte, so every byte in every
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selected line is hinted when you select Hint As Inline Data. Similarly,
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the Remove Hints menu item will remove hints from every byte.</p>
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<p>If you're having a hard time selecting just the right bytes because
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the instructions are caught up in a multi-byte data item, such as an
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auto-detected character string, you can disable uncategorized data analysis
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(the thing that creates the .STR and .FILL ops for you). You can do this
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from the
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<a href="settings.html#project-properties">project properties</a> editor,
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or simply by hitting Ctrl+D. Hit that, apply the hint, then hit it
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again to re-enable the string & fill analyzer.</p>
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<p>Another approach is to use the "Toggle Single-Byte Format"
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menu item to "flatten" the item.</p>
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<h3><a name="address-table">Format Address Table</a></h3>
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<p>Tables of addresses are fairly common. Sometimes you'll find them as a
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series of 16-bit words, like this:</p>
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<pre>
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jmptab .dd2 func1
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.dd2 func2
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.dd2 func3
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</pre>
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<p>While that's fairly common in 16-bit software, 8-bit software often splits
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the high and low bytes into separate arrays, like this:</p>
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<pre>
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jmptabl .dd1 <func1
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.dd1 <func2
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.dd1 <func3
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jmptabh .dd1 >func1
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.dd1 >func2
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.dd1 >func3
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</pre>
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<p>Sometimes the tables contain <code>address - 1</code>, because the
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values are to be pushed onto the stack for an RTS call.</p>
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<p>While the .dd2 case is easy to format with the data operand editor,
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formatting addresses whose components are split into multiple tables can
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be tedious. Even in the easy case, you may want to create labels and set
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code hints for each item.</p>
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<p>The Address Table Formatter helps you associate symbols with the
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addresses in the table. It works for simple and "split" tables.</p>
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<p>To use it, start by selecting the entire table. In the examples above,
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you would select all 6 bytes. The number of bytes in each part of a
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split table must be equal: here, it's 3 low bytes, followed by 3 high
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bytes. If the number of bytes selected can't be evenly divided by the
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number of parts -- two parts for 16-bit data, three parts for 24-bit data --
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the formatter will report an error.</p>
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<p>With the data selected, open the format dialog with
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|
Actions > Format Split-Address Table. The rather complicated dialog
|
|
is split into sections.</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Address Characteristics: select whether the table has 16-bit
|
|
addresses or 24-bit addresses. (24-bit addresses are disabled if you
|
|
don't have the CPU set to 65816.) If the table is split into individual
|
|
sub-tables for low bytes and high bytes, check the "Parts are split
|
|
across sub-tables" box. If the address parts are being pushed
|
|
on the stack for an RTS/RTL, check the "Adjusted for RTS/RTL" box to
|
|
adjust them by 1.</li>
|
|
<li>Low Byte Source: indicate which part of the table or word holds the
|
|
low bytes. For common little-endian words, the low bytes come first. In
|
|
the split-table example above, the low bytes came first, followed by the
|
|
high bytes, so you would select "first part of selection". If they were
|
|
stored the other way around, you would click "second part" instead.</li>
|
|
<li>High Byte Source: indicate which part of the table or word holds
|
|
the high bytes. For a 16-bit address this will be the part you didn't
|
|
pick for the low bytes.
|
|
Sometimes, if all addresses land on the same 256-byte page, the high byte
|
|
will be a constant in the code, and only the low bytes will be stored in
|
|
a table. If that's the case, select "Constant", and enter the high byte
|
|
in the text box. (Decimal, hex, and binary are accepted.)</li>
|
|
<li>Bank Byte Source: for 24-bit addresses, you can select "Nth part of
|
|
selection", which will just use whichever part you didn't specify for
|
|
the low and high bytes. If the table holds 16-bit addresses, you can
|
|
use the "Constant" field to specify the data bank.</li>
|
|
<li>Options: if the table holds the addresses of instructions, check
|
|
the "Add code entry hint if needed" box to add a code entry point hint
|
|
to anything that isn't already marked as an instruction.</li>
|
|
<li>Generated Addresses: this shows the full list of addresses that are
|
|
generated with the current set of parameters. Each address is shown with
|
|
a file offset and a symbol. If the address can't be mapped within the
|
|
file, the offset is shown as dashes instead. If the address can be
|
|
mapped, and it already has a user-specified label, the label will be
|
|
shown. If no label was found, the table will show "(+)", indicating
|
|
that a permanent label will be added at the target offset. If everything
|
|
is set up correctly, and the addresses fall entirely within the program,
|
|
you shouldn't see any unknown entries here.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>For a 16-bit address, you have three choices: low byte first, high byte
|
|
first, or low byte only with a constant high byte. For a 24-bit address
|
|
the set of possibilities expands, but is essentially the same: pick the
|
|
order in which things appear, using fixed constants if desired.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>A message at the top of the screen shows how many bytes are selected.
|
|
It also tells you how many groups there are, but unlike the data operand
|
|
formatter, the split-address table formatter doesn't care about group
|
|
boundaries. For this reason, tables do not have to be contiguous in
|
|
memory. The low bytes and high bytes could be on separate 256-byte
|
|
pages. You just need to have all of the data selected.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>It should be mentioned that SourceGen does not record the fact that the
|
|
data in question is part of a table. The formatting, labels, and code hints
|
|
are applied as if you entered them all individually by hand. The formatter
|
|
is just significantly more convenient. It also does everything as a single
|
|
undoable action, so if it comes out looking wrong, just hit "undo" and
|
|
try something else.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="toggle-single">Toggle Single-Byte Format</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>The "Toggle Single-Byte Format" feature provides a quick way to
|
|
change a range of bytes to single bytes
|
|
or back to their default format. It's equivalent to opening the Edit
|
|
Data Operand dialog and selecting "Single bytes" displayed as hex, or
|
|
selecting "Default".</p>
|
|
<p>This can be handy if the default format for a range of bytes is a
|
|
string, but you want to see it as bytes or set a label in the middle.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="format-as-word">Format As Word</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is a quick way to format pairs of bytes as 16-bit words. It's
|
|
equivalent to opening the Edit Data Operand dialog and selecting
|
|
"16-bit words, little-endian", displayed as hex.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>To avoid some confusing situations, it only works on sets of
|
|
single-byte values. This means, for example, that you can't select a
|
|
10-byte string and have it turn into five 16-bit words. You can select as
|
|
many bytes as you want, but they must come in pairs. (Remember that you
|
|
can turn off auto-generation of strings and .FILLs with
|
|
<a href="#toggle-data">Toggle Data Scan</a>.)</p>
|
|
<p>As a special case, if you select a single byte, the following byte will
|
|
also be selected. This won't work if the following byte is part of a
|
|
multi-byte data item, is the start of a new region (see
|
|
<a href="editors.html#data-operand">Edit Data Operand</a> for a definition of
|
|
what splits a region), or is the last byte in the file.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="toggle-data">Toggle Data Scan</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>This menu item is in the Edit menu, and acts as a shortcut to opening
|
|
the Project Properties editor, and clicking on the "Analyze Uncategorized
|
|
Data" checkbox. When enabled, SourceGen will look for character strings and
|
|
regions of identical bytes, and generate .STR and .FILL directives. When
|
|
disabled, uncategorized data is presented as one byte per line, which can
|
|
be handy if you're trying to get at a byte in the middle of a string.</p>
|
|
<p>As with all other project property changes, this is an undoable
|
|
action.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="clipboard">Copying to Clipboard</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>When you use Edit > Copy, all lines selected in the code list are
|
|
copied to the system clipboard. This can be a convenient way to post
|
|
code snippets into forum postings or documentation. The text is
|
|
copied from the data shown on screen, so your chosen capitalization
|
|
and pseudo-ops will appear in the copy.</p>
|
|
<p>Long comments are included, but notes are not.</p>
|
|
<p>By default, only the label, opcode, operand, and comment fields are
|
|
included. From the
|
|
<a href="settings.html#app-settings">app settings</a> dialog you can select
|
|
alternative formats that include additional columns.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>A copy of all of the fields is also written to the clipboard in CSV
|
|
format. If you have a spreadsheet like Excel, you can use Paste Special
|
|
to put the data into individual cells.</p>
|
|
|
|
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