processor 6502
        include "vcs.h"
        include "macro.h"
        include "xmacro.h"

; We've got collisions working, but now we'd like some more
; interaction. We can make a little "breakout" style game
; where the ball knocks out rows of bricks. We'll need to
; draw several rows of bricks, any or all of which might be
; missing.

; We'll use a technique called "asychronous playfields".
; Remember that the playfield is either symmetric (20 pixels
; followed by the same 20 pixels reversed) or repeated (20 pixels
; repeated twice). But if we change the playfield registers
; *during* the scanline, we can make the second half a
; different bitmap than the first half.

; We're going to move away from the HMPx/HMOVE method of
; setting object position and use the SetHorizPos method, since
; we really need to know the X position of both player and ball
; at all times. The way the subroutine is written, this takes
; two scanlines per object. But we do it during the overscan
; period at the end of the frame, and we've got the cycles
; to spare.

; Also, we're going to keep score and have a rudimentary
; scoreboard, which makes this sort of an actual game!

; Fun fact: Messing with the HMOVE register causes a "comb"
; effect on the left 8 pixels of the screen, which can be seen
; at the bottom of the screen in the overscan region.

        seg.u Variables
        org $80

XPlyr		byte	; player x pos
YPlyr		byte	; player y pos
XBall		byte	; ball x pos
YBall		byte	; ball y pos
SpritePtr	word	; sprite pointer
YSprOfs		byte	; temp sprite offset
YBallVel	byte	; ball Y velocity
XBallVel	byte	; ball X velocity
XBallErr	byte	; ball X fractional error
Captured	byte	; ball capture flag
AVol0		byte	; shadow register for AVOL0
Score		byte	; current BCD-encoded score
Temp		byte	; temporary storage

Bricks		ds 36	; brick bitmap (6x6 bytes)

ScoreHeight	equ 20	; height of top scoreboard
BrickYStart	equ 32	; starting Y coordinate of bricks
BrickHeight	equ 16	; height of each brick in pixels
NBrickRows	equ 6	; number of lines of bricks
NBL		equ NBrickRows	; abbreviation for number of brick rows
BytesPerRow	equ 6	; number of bytes for each row of bricks
BricksPerRow	equ 40	; number of bricks in each row
			; (two bytes have only 4 active pixels)

; Color constants
BGCOLOR		equ #$80
PLCOLOR		equ #$6c
GNDCOLOR	equ #$c0

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Enable ball if it is on this scanline (in X register)
; Modifies A.
; Takes 13 cycles if ball is present, 12 if absent.
	MAC DRAW_BALL
	lda #%00000000
	cpx YBall
        bne .noball
        lda #%00000010	; for ENAM0 the 2nd bit is enable
.noball
	sta ENABL	; enable ball
        ENDM

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

        seg Code
        org $f000
        
; Initialize and set initial offsets of objects.
Start	CLEAN_START
; Set player 0 vertical position
	lda #185-SpriteHeight
        sta YPlyr	; player Y position, top to bottom
; Set player 0 horizontal position
	lda #70
        sta XPlyr
        ldx #0
        jsr SetHorizPos2
; Set ball horizontal position
	lda #0
        sta XBall
        ldx #4
        jsr SetHorizPos2
	sta WSYNC
	sta HMOVE
; Set ball initial velocity
	lda #1
        sta YBallVel
        lda #129
        sta YBall
        lda #$40
        sta XBallVel
; Set up initial bricks
	ldx #0
        lda #$ff
SetupBricks
	;txa	; uncomment for a sparse brick pattern
        sta Bricks,x
        inx
        cpx #BytesPerRow*NBrickRows
        bne SetupBricks

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; Next frame loop
NextFrame
	VERTICAL_SYNC

; in case the ball is on screen
        lda ColorFrame0	; load 1st entry of color data
        sta COLUP0	; set sprite 0 color
; Set up playfield
        lda #BGCOLOR	; set the background color
        sta COLUBK	
        lda #PLCOLOR	; set the playfield color
        sta COLUPF
        lda #%00010101	; playfield reflection and ball size/priority
        sta CTRLPF
        lda #0		; blank out the playfield
        sta PF0
        sta PF1
        sta PF2

; 37 lines of VBLANK
	TIMER_SETUP 37
; Set up sprite pointer depending on button press
	lda #<Frame0
        sta SpritePtr
        lda #>Frame0
        sta SpritePtr+1	; normal sprite bitmap
	lda INPT4		;read button input
	bmi ButtonNotPressed2	;skip if button not pressed
	lda #<Frame1
        sta SpritePtr
        lda #>Frame1
        sta SpritePtr+1	; alternate sprite bitmap
ButtonNotPressed2
	TIMER_WAIT

; Draw 192 scanlines.
        ldx #0		; X will contain the frame Y coordinate

; First, we'll draw the scoreboard.
; Put the playfield into score mode (bit 2) which gives
; two different colors for the left/right side of
; the playfield (given by COLUP0 and COLUP1).
        lda #%00010010	; score mode + 2 pixel ball
        sta CTRLPF
        lda #$48
        sta COLUP0	; set color for left
        lda #$a8
        sta COLUP1	; set color for right
; We need to extract each digit of the BCD-coded score
; (there are two digits, each 4 bits) and find the appropriate
; entry in the DigitsBitmap bitmap table.
; We'll just draw one digit to keep it simple.
ScanLoop1a
        clc		; clear carry flag
; Digits are 5 pixels high, so we need to multiply each
; digit by 5 to find our digit in the bitmap table.
	lda Score	; grab the BCD score
        and #$0F	; mask out the least significant digit
        sta Temp
        asl
        asl
        adc Temp
        sta Temp	; tmp = score * 5
; Now we divide our current Y coordinate by 2
; to get the index into the digit bitmap.
	txa
        ror		; A = Ycoord / 2
        adc Temp	; A += tmp
        tay
        lda DigitsBitmap,y	; A = DigitsBitmap[offset]
        and #$0F	; mask out the rightmost digit
        sta WSYNC
        sta PF1		; store digit to playfield 1 register
        DRAW_BALL	; draw the ball on this line?
        		; (only for collision purposes)
        inx
        cpx #10		; digits are 5 pixels high * 2 lines per pixel
        bcc ScanLoop1a
; Clear the playfield
        lda #0
        sta PF1
; Turn playfield reflection off, since our brick field
; will be drawn asymetrically (and turn score mode off)
        lda #%00010100	; no reflection + ball priority + 2 pixel ball
        sta CTRLPF
; Continue until the bricks start on line 32.
ScanLoop1b
	sta WSYNC
        DRAW_BALL	; draw the ball on this line?
        		; (only for collision purposes)
        inx
        cpx #BrickYStart
        bne ScanLoop1b

; Next we'll draw the brick field, which is asymmetrical.
; We use two loops: the inner loop draws a row of bricks
; and the outer loop sets up for the next row.
; Timing is very important here! Note that we skip
; drawing the ball if it falls on a line after we start a
; new row. This will cause a little flicker but it is not
; very noticable.

	SLEEP 44	; make sure we start near the end of scanline
	ldy #$ff	; start with row = -1
ScanLoop3b
        iny		; go to next brick row
        lda #BrickHeight	; for the outer loop, we count
        sta Temp		; 'brickheight' scan lines for each row
        cpy #NBrickRows		; done drawing all brick rows?
        bcc ScanSkipSync	; no -- but don't have time to draw ball!
        jmp DoneBrickDraw	; exit outer loop
ScanLoop3a
; These instructions are skipped on lines after the brick row changes.
; We need the extra cycles.
        DRAW_BALL	; draw the ball on this line?
ScanSkipSync
	sta WSYNC
<        stx COLUPF	; change colors for bricks
; Load the first byte of bricks
; Bricks are stored in six contiguous arrays (row-major)
	lda Bricks+NBL*0,y
        sta PF0		; store first playfield byte
; Store the next two bytes
	lda Bricks+NBL*1,y
        sta PF1
	lda Bricks+NBL*2,y
        sta PF2
; Here's the asymmetric part -- by this time the TIA clock
; is far enough that we can rewrite the same PF registers
; and display new data on the right side of the screen
        inx		; good place for INX b/c of timing
        nop		; yet more timing
	lda Bricks+NBL*3,y
        sta PF0
	lda Bricks+NBL*4,y
        sta PF1
	lda Bricks+NBL*5,y
        sta PF2
        dec Temp
        beq ScanLoop3b	; all lines in current brick row done?
        bne ScanLoop3a	; branch always taken
; Clear playfield from bricks loop
DoneBrickDraw
	SLEEP 6
	lda #0
        sta PF0
        sta PF1
        sta PF2

; Draw bottom half of screen with player sprite.
; Setup 'ysprofs' which is the calculated offset into
; sprite lookup tables (it can exceed bounds, we'll test)
; Since the sprite table is reversed, the starting offset is
; Yplyr - Ystart - SpriteHeight
	lda YPlyr
        sec
        sbc #128-SpriteHeight
        sta YSprOfs
ScanLoop4
; Is this scanline within sprite bounds?
	dec YSprOfs
	lda YSprOfs
        cmp #SpriteHeight	; sprite is 16 pixels high + padding
        bcc InSprite
        lda #0		; no sprite, draw the padding
InSprite
	tay
        lda ColorFrame0,y	; load color data
        pha			; push color data onto stack
        lda (SpritePtr),y ; load bitmap data
	sta WSYNC	; wait for next scanline (as late as possible!)
        sta GRP0	; set sprite 0 pixels
        pla		; pull bitmap data from stack
        sta COLUP0	; set sprite 0 color
        DRAW_BALL	; draw the ball on this line?
        inx
        cpx #184
	bne ScanLoop4	; repeat next scanline until finished

; 8 more pixels for bottom border, and then we'll just leave it
; on for the overscan region.
        ldy #$c8	; set the playfield color
ScanLoop5
        dey		; make a nice gradient
	lda #$ff
	sta WSYNC
        sty COLUPF	; set the playfield color
        sta PF0
        sta PF1
        sta PF2
        lda #0
        sta GRP0
        inx
        cpx #192
        bne ScanLoop5

; Disable ball
	lda #0
        sta ENABL

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; 30 lines of overscan needed, but we have lots of logic to do.
; So we're going to use the PIA timer to let us know when
; almost 30 lines of overscan have passed.
; This handy macro does a WSYNC and then sets up the timer.
	TIMER_SETUP 30

; Check for collisions
        lda #%01000000
	bit CXP0FB	; collision between player 0 and ball?
        bne PlayerCollision
        lda #%10000000
        bit CXBLPF	; collision between playfield and ball?
        bne PlayfieldCollision
        beq NoCollision
; Now we bounce the ball depending on where it is
PlayerCollision
; Is the button pressed? if so, just capture the ball
	lda INPT4		;read button input
	bmi ButtonNotPressed	;skip if button not pressed
        inc Captured		; set capture flag
        bne NoCollision
ButtonNotPressed
	lda #0
	sta Captured	; clear capture flag
; See if we bounce off of top half or bottom half  of player
; (yplyr + height/2 - yball)
	ldx #1
	lda YPlyr
        clc
        adc #SpriteHeight/2
        sec
        sbc YBall
        bmi StoreVel	; bottom half, bounce down
	ldx #$ff	; top half, bounce up
        bne StoreVel
PlayfieldCollision
; Which brick do we break?
; try the one nearest to us
	lda YBall
        ldx XBall
        jsr BreakBrick
        bmi CollisionNoBrick	; return -1 = no brick found
; Did we hit the top or the bottom of a brick?
; If top, bounce up, otherwise down
	ldx #$ff	; ball velocity = up
	cmp #BrickHeight/2	; top half of brick?
        bcc BounceBallUp	; yofs < brickheight/2
        ldx #1		; ball velocity = down
BounceBallUp
; Go to BCD mode and increment the score.
; This treats 'score' as two decimal digits,
; one in each nibble, for ADC and SBC operations.
        sed
        lda Score
        clc
        adc #1
        sta Score
        cld
        jmp StoreVel
CollisionNoBrick
; If bouncing off top of playfield, bounce down
	ldx #1
	lda YBall
        bpl StoreVel
; Otherwise bounce up
	ldx #$ff
StoreVel
; Store final velocity
        stx YBallVel
; Make a little sound
	txa
        adc #45
	sta AUDF0	; frequency
        lda #6
        sta AVol0	; shadow register for volume
NoCollision
; Clear collision registers for next frame
	sta CXCLR
; Ball captured? if so, no motion
	lda Captured
        bne DoneMovement
; Move ball vertically
	lda YBall
        clc
        adc YBallVel
        bne NoBallHitTop
        ldx #1
        stx YBallVel
NoBallHitTop
        sta YBall
; Move ball horizontally
        lda XBallVel     ; signed X velocity
        bmi BallMoveLeft ; < 0? move left
        clc
        adc XBallErr
        sta XBallErr     ; XBallErr += XBallVel
        bcc DoneMovement ; no wrap around? done
        inc XBall        ; XBall += 1
        lda XBall
        cmp #160         ; moved off right side?
        bcc DoneMovement ; no, done
        lda #0
        sta XBall        ; wrap around to left
        beq DoneMovement ; always taken
BallMoveLeft
	clc
        adc XBallErr
        sta XBallErr
        bcs DoneMovement
        dec XBall	; decrement xball
        lda XBall
        cmp #160
        bcc DoneMovement
        lda #159
        sta XBall
DoneMovement
; Joystick player movement
; For up and down, we INC or DEC the Y Position
	lda #%00010000	;Up?
	bit SWCHA 
	bne SkipMoveUp	; bit set? skip move
        ldx YPlyr
        cpx #129
        bcc SkipMoveUp
        dex
        stx YPlyr
        lda Captured	; captured? move the ball too
        beq SkipMoveUp
        dec YPlyr
SkipMoveUp
	lda #%00100000	;Down?
	bit SWCHA 
	bne SkipMoveDown ; bit set? skip move
        ldx YPlyr
        cpx #185-SpriteHeight
        bcs SkipMoveDown
        inx
        stx YPlyr
        lda Captured	; captured? move the ball too
        beq SkipMoveDown
        inc YBall
SkipMoveDown
; Note that the horizontal position is not contained in RAM,
; but inaccessibly inside the TIA's registers! Some games can
; get away with this if they use the collision registers.
	ldx #0		; assume speed is 0 if no movement
; We'll test the left/right flags using a special feature of
; the BIT instruction, which sets the N and V flags to the
; 7th and 6th bit of the target.
        bit SWCHA
	bvs SkipMoveLeft	; V flag set?
        lda XPlyr
        beq SkipMoveLeft ; don't allow move left of screen
        dec XPlyr
        lda Captured
        beq SkipMoveLeft
        dec XBall	; if captured, also move the ball
SkipMoveLeft
	bit SWCHA
	bmi SkipMoveRight	; N flag set?
        lda XPlyr
        cmp #150
        bcs SkipMoveRight ; don't allow move right of screen
        inc XPlyr
        lda Captured
        beq SkipMoveRight
        inc XBall	; if captured, also move the ball
SkipMoveRight
; Set ball position using SetHorizPos
	lda XBall
        ldx #4
        jsr SetHorizPos2
	sta WSYNC
	sta HMOVE
; Set player position using SetHorizPos
	lda XPlyr
        ldx #0
        jsr SetHorizPos2
	sta WSYNC
	sta HMOVE

; Play audio from shadow register?
	ldx AVol0
        beq NoAudio
        dex		; decrement volume every frame
	stx AUDV0	; store in volume hardware register
        stx AVol0	; store in shadow register
        lda #3
        sta AUDC0	; shift counter mode 3 for weird bounce sound
NoAudio

; Wait until our timer expires and then WSYNC, so then we'll have
; passed 30 scanlines. This handy macro does this.
	TIMER_WAIT
; Goto next frame
        jmp NextFrame

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; Subroutine to try to break a brick at a given X-Y coordinate.
; X contains the X coordinate.
; A contains the Y coordinate.
; On return, A = -1 if no brick was present,
; otherwise A = Y offset (0-brickheight-1) of brick hit.
BreakBrick
        ldy #$ff
        sec
        sbc #BrickYStart	; subtract top Y of brick field
; Divide by brick height
DivideRowLoop
	iny
        sbc #BrickHeight
	bcs DivideRowLoop	; loop until < 0
        cpy #NBrickRows
        bcs NoBrickFound
; Now that we have the line, get byte and bit offset for brick
	clc
        adc #BrickHeight
	pha	; save the remainder to return as result
	txa
        clc
        adc #3	; adjust because SetHorizPos is off by a few pixels
        lsr
        lsr	; divide X coordinate by 4
        tax	; transfer brick column to X
        tya	; load brick row # in A
        clc
        adc PFOfsTable,x	; add offset
        tay
        lda PFMaskTable,x
        eor #$ff
        and Bricks,y
        cmp Bricks,y		; was there a change?
        beq NoBrickFound2	; no, so return -1 as result
        sta Bricks,y
        pla		; return remainder as result
        rts
NoBrickFound2
	pla		; pull the remainder, but ignore it
NoBrickFound
	lda #$FF	; return -1 as result
        rts

; SetHorizPos2 - Sets the horizontal position of an object.
; The X register contains the index of the desired object:
;  X=0: player 0
;  X=1: player 1
;  X=2: missile 0
;  X=3: missile 1
;  X=4: ball
; This routine does a WSYNC both before and after, followed by
; a HMOVE and HMCLR. So it takes two scanlines to complete.
SetHorizPos2
        sta WSYNC	; start a new line
        sec		; set carry flag
DivideLoop
	sbc #15		; subtract 15
	bcs DivideLoop	; branch until negative
	eor #7		; calculate fine offset
        asl
        asl
        asl
        asl
        sta HMP0,x	; set fine offset
        sta RESP0,x	; fix coarse position
        sta WSYNC
        sta HMOVE	; apply the previous fine position(s)
	sta HMCLR	; reset the old horizontal position(s)
        rts		; return to caller 

; Height of our sprite in lines
SpriteHeight equ 17

; Bitmap data "standing" position
Frame0
	.byte #0
        .byte #%01101100;$F6
        .byte #%00101000;$86
        .byte #%00101000;$86
        .byte #%00111000;$86
        .byte #%10111010;$C2
        .byte #%10111010;$C2
        .byte #%01111100;$C2
        .byte #%00111000;$C2
        .byte #%00111000;$16
        .byte #%01000100;$16
        .byte #%01111100;$16
        .byte #%01111100;$18
        .byte #%01010100;$18
        .byte #%01111100;$18
        .byte #%11111110;$F2
        .byte #%00111000;$F4

; Bitmap data "throwing" position
Frame1
	.byte #0
        .byte #%01101100;$F6
        .byte #%01000100;$86
        .byte #%00101000;$86
        .byte #%00111000;$86
        .byte #%10111010;$C2
        .byte #%10111101;$C2
        .byte #%01111101;$C2
        .byte #%00111001;$C2
        .byte #%00111000;$16
        .byte #%01101100;$16
        .byte #%01111100;$16
        .byte #%01111100;$18
        .byte #%01010100;$18
        .byte #%01111100;$18
        .byte #%11111110;$F2
        .byte #%00111000;$F4

; Color data for each line of sprite
ColorFrame0
	.byte #$FF	; ball color if not sharing line with player sprite
        .byte #$F6;
        .byte #$86;
        .byte #$86;
        .byte #$86;
        .byte #$C2;
        .byte #$C2;
        .byte #$C2;
        .byte #$C2;
        .byte #$16;
        .byte #$16;
        .byte #$16;
        .byte #$18;
        .byte #$18;
        .byte #$18;
        .byte #$F2;
        .byte #$F4;

; Bitmap pattern for digits

DigitsBitmap	.byte $0E ; |    XXX | $F5C5   Leading zero is not drawn
	.byte $0A ; |    X X | $F5C6   because it's never used.
	.byte $0A ; |    X X | $F5C7
	.byte $0A ; |    X X | $F5C8
	.byte $0E ; |    XXX | $F5C9
	
	.byte $22 ; |  X   X | $F5CA
	.byte $22 ; |  X   X | $F5CB
	.byte $22 ; |  X   X | $F5CC
	.byte $22 ; |  X   X | $F5CD
	.byte $22 ; |  X   X | $F5CE
	
	.byte $EE ; |XXX XXX | $F5CF
	.byte $22 ; |  X   X | $F5D0
	.byte $EE ; |XXX XXX | $F5D1
	.byte $88 ; |X   X   | $F5D2
	.byte $EE ; |XXX XXX | $F5D3
	
	.byte $EE ; |XXX XXX | $F5D4
	.byte $22 ; |  X   X | $F5D5
	.byte $66 ; | XX  XX | $F5D6
	.byte $22 ; |  X   X | $F5D7
	.byte $EE ; |XXX XXX | $F5D8

	.byte $AA ; |X X X X | $F5D9
	.byte $AA ; |X X X X | $F5DA
	.byte $EE ; |XXX XXX | $F5DB
	.byte $22 ; |  X   X | $F5DC
	.byte $22 ; |  X   X | $F5DD

	.byte $EE ; |XXX XXX | $F5DE
	.byte $88 ; |X   X   | $F5DF
	.byte $EE ; |XXX XXX | $F5E0
	.byte $22 ; |  X   X | $F5E1
	.byte $EE ; |XXX XXX | $F5E2
	
	.byte $EE ; |XXX XXX | $F5E3
	.byte $88 ; |X   X   | $F5E4
	.byte $EE ; |XXX XXX | $F5E5
	.byte $AA ; |X X X X | $F5E6
	.byte $EE ; |XXX XXX | $F5E7
	
	.byte $EE ; |XXX XXX | $F5E8
	.byte $22 ; |  X   X | $F5E9
	.byte $22 ; |  X   X | $F5EA
	.byte $22 ; |  X   X | $F5EB
	.byte $22 ; |  X   X | $F5EC
	
	.byte $EE ; |XXX XXX | $F5ED
	.byte $AA ; |X X X X | $F5EE
	.byte $EE ; |XXX XXX | $F5EF
	.byte $AA ; |X X X X | $F5F0
	.byte $EE ; |XXX XXX | $F5F1
	
	.byte $EE ; |XXX XXX | $F5F2
	.byte $AA ; |X X X X | $F5F3
	.byte $EE ; |XXX XXX | $F5F4
	.byte $22 ; |  X   X | $F5F5
	.byte $EE ; |XXX XXX | $F5F6	

; Playfield bitmasks for all 40 brick columns
PFMaskTable
	REPEAT 2
	.byte #$10,#$20,#$40,#$80
	.byte #$80,#$40,#$20,#$10,#$08,#$04,#$02,#$01
	.byte #$01,#$02,#$04,#$08,#$10,#$20,#$40,#$80
        REPEND
; Brick array byte offsets for all 40 brick columns
PFOfsTable
	.byte NBL*0,NBL*0,NBL*0,NBL*0
	.byte NBL*1,NBL*1,NBL*1,NBL*1, NBL*1,NBL*1,NBL*1,NBL*1
	.byte NBL*2,NBL*2,NBL*2,NBL*2, NBL*2,NBL*2,NBL*2,NBL*2
	.byte NBL*3,NBL*3,NBL*3,NBL*3
	.byte NBL*4,NBL*4,NBL*4,NBL*4, NBL*4,NBL*4,NBL*4,NBL*4
	.byte NBL*5,NBL*5,NBL*5,NBL*5, NBL*5,NBL*5,NBL*5,NBL*5

; Epilogue
	org $fffc
        .word Start
        .word Start