Merge pull request #408 from TomHarte/MixerBalance

Enhances the CompoundSource so that constituents can have different volumes.

.gitignore

@@ -18,9 +18,14 @@ DerivedData
 *.xcuserstate
 .DS_Store
 
-# Exclude system ROMs
+# Exclude system ROMs and unit test ROMs
 ROMImages/*
-OSBindings/Mac/Clock SignalTests/Atari\ ROMs
+OSBindings/Mac/Clock SignalTests/Atari ROMs
+OSBindings/Mac/Clock SignalTests/MSX ROMs
+
+# Exclude intermediate build products
+*.o
+.sconsign.dblite
 
 # CocoaPods
 #

.travis.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
-language: objective-c
+# language: objective-c
-osx_image: xcode8.2
+# osx_image: xcode8.2
-xcode_project: OSBindings/Mac/Clock Signal.xcodeproj
+# xcode_project: OSBindings/Mac/Clock Signal.xcodeproj
-xcode_scheme: Clock Signal
+# xcode_scheme: Clock Signal
-xcode_sdk: macosx10.12
+# xcode_sdk: macosx10.12
+
+language: cpp
+before_install:
+	- sudo apt-get install libsdl2-dev
+script: cd OSBindings/SDL && scons
+compiler:
+	- clang
+	- gcc

Analyser/Dynamic/ConfidenceCounter.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//
+//  ConfidenceCounter.cpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 21/01/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include "ConfidenceCounter.hpp"
+
+using namespace Analyser::Dynamic;
+
+float ConfidenceCounter::get_confidence() {
+	return static_cast<float>(hits_) / static_cast<float>(hits_ + misses_);
+}
+
+void ConfidenceCounter::add_hit() {
+	hits_++;
+}
+
+void ConfidenceCounter::add_miss() {
+	misses_++;
+}
+
+void ConfidenceCounter::add_equivocal() {
+	if(hits_ > misses_) {
+		hits_++;
+		misses_++;
+	}
+}

Analyser/Dynamic/ConfidenceCounter.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+//
+//  ConfidenceCounter.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 21/01/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef ConfidenceCounter_hpp
+#define ConfidenceCounter_hpp
+
+#include "ConfidenceSource.hpp"
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Dynamic {
+
+/*!
+	Provides a confidence source that calculates its probability by virtual of a history of events.
+
+	The initial value of the confidence counter is 0.5.
+*/
+class ConfidenceCounter: public ConfidenceSource {
+	public:
+		/*! @returns The computed probability, based on the history of events. */
+		float get_confidence() override;
+
+		/*! Records an event that implies this is the appropriate class — pushes probability up towards 1.0. */
+		void add_hit();
+
+		/*! Records an event that implies this is not the appropriate class — pushes probability down towards 0.0. */
+		void add_miss();
+
+		/*!
+			Records an event that could be correct but isn't necessarily so; which can push probability
+			down towards 0.5, but will never push it upwards.
+		*/
+		void add_equivocal();
+
+	private:
+		int hits_ = 1;
+		int misses_ = 1;
+};
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* ConfidenceCounter_hpp */

Analyser/Dynamic/ConfidenceSource.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//
+//  ConfidenceSource.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 21/01/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef ConfidenceSource_hpp
+#define ConfidenceSource_hpp
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Dynamic {
+
+/*!
+	Provides an abstract interface through which objects can declare the probability
+	that they are the proper target for their input; e.g. if an Acorn Electron is asked
+	to run an Atari 2600 program then its confidence should shrink towards 0.0; if the
+	program is handed to an Atari 2600 then its confidence should grow towards 1.0.
+*/
+struct ConfidenceSource {
+	virtual float get_confidence() = 0;
+};
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* ConfidenceSource_hpp */

Analyser/Dynamic/ConfidenceSummary.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//
+//  ConfidenceSummary.cpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 21/01/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include "ConfidenceSummary.hpp"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <numeric>
+
+using namespace Analyser::Dynamic;
+
+ConfidenceSummary::ConfidenceSummary(const std::vector<ConfidenceSource *> &sources, const std::vector<float> &weights) :
+	sources_(sources), weights_(weights) {
+	assert(weights.size() == sources.size());
+	weight_sum_ = std::accumulate(weights.begin(), weights.end(), 0.0f);
+}
+
+float ConfidenceSummary::get_confidence() {
+	float result = 0.0f;
+	for(std::size_t index = 0; index < sources_.size(); ++index) {
+		result += sources_[index]->get_confidence() * weights_[index];
+	}
+	return result / weight_sum_;
+}

Analyser/Dynamic/ConfidenceSummary.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+//
+//  ConfidenceSummary.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 21/01/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef ConfidenceSummary_hpp
+#define ConfidenceSummary_hpp
+
+#include "ConfidenceSource.hpp"
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Dynamic {
+
+/*!
+	Summaries a collection of confidence sources by calculating their weighted sum.
+*/
+class ConfidenceSummary: public ConfidenceSource {
+	public:
+		/*!
+			Instantiates a summary that will produce the weighted sum of
+			@c sources, each using the corresponding entry of @c weights.
+
+			Requires that @c sources and @c weights are of the same length.
+		*/
+		ConfidenceSummary(
+			const std::vector<ConfidenceSource *> &sources,
+			const std::vector<float> &weights);
+
+		/*! @returns The weighted sum of all sources. */
+		float get_confidence() override;
+
+	private:
+		std::vector<ConfidenceSource *> sources_;
+		std::vector<float> weights_;
+		float weight_sum_;
+};
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* ConfidenceSummary_hpp */

Analyser/Dynamic/MultiMachine/Implementation/MultiCRTMachine.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+//
+//  MultiCRTMachine.cpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 29/01/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include "MultiCRTMachine.hpp"
+
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <mutex>
+
+using namespace Analyser::Dynamic;
+
+MultiCRTMachine::MultiCRTMachine(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<::Machine::DynamicMachine>> &machines, std::mutex &machines_mutex) :
+	machines_(machines), machines_mutex_(machines_mutex), queues_(machines.size()) {
+	speaker_ = MultiSpeaker::create(machines);
+}
+
+void MultiCRTMachine::perform_parallel(const std::function<void(::CRTMachine::Machine *)> &function) {
+	// Apply a blunt force parallelisation of the machines; each run_for is dispatched
+	// to a separate queue and this queue will block until all are done.
+	volatile std::size_t outstanding_machines;
+	std::condition_variable condition;
+	std::mutex mutex;
+	{
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> machines_lock(machines_mutex_);
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+		outstanding_machines = machines_.size();
+
+		for(std::size_t index = 0; index < machines_.size(); ++index) {
+			CRTMachine::Machine *crt_machine = machines_[index]->crt_machine();
+			queues_[index].enqueue([&mutex, &condition, crt_machine, function, &outstanding_machines]() {
+				if(crt_machine) function(crt_machine);
+
+				std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+				outstanding_machines--;
+				condition.notify_all();
+			});
+		}
+	}
+
+	std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+	condition.wait(lock, [&outstanding_machines] { return !outstanding_machines; });
+}
+
+void MultiCRTMachine::perform_serial(const std::function<void (::CRTMachine::Machine *)> &function) {
+	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> machines_lock(machines_mutex_);
+	for(const auto &machine: machines_) {
+		CRTMachine::Machine *crt_machine = machine->crt_machine();
+		if(crt_machine) function(crt_machine);
+	}
+}
+
+void MultiCRTMachine::setup_output(float aspect_ratio) {
+	perform_serial([=](::CRTMachine::Machine *machine) {
+		machine->setup_output(aspect_ratio);
+	});
+}
+
+void MultiCRTMachine::close_output() {
+	perform_serial([=](::CRTMachine::Machine *machine) {
+		machine->close_output();
+	});
+}
+
+Outputs::CRT::CRT *MultiCRTMachine::get_crt() {
+	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> machines_lock(machines_mutex_);
+	CRTMachine::Machine *crt_machine = machines_.front()->crt_machine();
+	return crt_machine ? crt_machine->get_crt() : nullptr;
+}
+
+Outputs::Speaker::Speaker *MultiCRTMachine::get_speaker() {
+	return speaker_;
+}
+
+void MultiCRTMachine::run_for(Time::Seconds duration) {
+	perform_parallel([=](::CRTMachine::Machine *machine) {
+		if(machine->get_confidence() >= 0.01f) machine->run_for(duration);
+	});
+
+	if(delegate_) delegate_->multi_crt_did_run_machines();
+}
+
+void MultiCRTMachine::did_change_machine_order() {
+	if(speaker_) {
+		speaker_->set_new_front_machine(machines_.front().get());
+	}
+}

Analyser/Dynamic/MultiMachine/Implementation/MultiCRTMachine.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+//
+//  MultiCRTMachine.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 29/01/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef MultiCRTMachine_hpp
+#define MultiCRTMachine_hpp
+
+#include "../../../../Concurrency/AsyncTaskQueue.hpp"
+#include "../../../../Machines/CRTMachine.hpp"
+#include "../../../../Machines/DynamicMachine.hpp"
+
+#include "MultiSpeaker.hpp"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Dynamic {
+
+/*!
+	Provides a class that multiplexes the CRT machine interface to multiple machines.
+
+	Keeps a reference to the original vector of machines; will access it only after
+	acquiring a supplied mutex. The owner should also call did_change_machine_order()
+	if the order of machines changes.
+*/
+class MultiCRTMachine: public CRTMachine::Machine {
+	public:
+		MultiCRTMachine(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<::Machine::DynamicMachine>> &machines, std::mutex &machines_mutex);
+
+		/*!
+			Informs the MultiCRTMachine that the order of machines has changed; the MultiCRTMachine
+			uses this as an opportunity to synthesis any CRTMachine::Machine::Delegate messages that
+			are necessary to bridge the gap between one machine and the next.
+		*/
+		void did_change_machine_order();
+
+		/*!
+			Provides a mechanism by which a delegate can be informed each time a call to run_for has
+			been received.
+		*/
+		struct Delegate {
+			virtual void multi_crt_did_run_machines() = 0;
+		};
+		/// Sets @c delegate as the receiver of delegate messages.
+		void set_delegate(Delegate *delegate) {
+			delegate_ = delegate;
+		}
+
+		// Below is the standard CRTMachine::Machine interface; see there for documentation.
+		void setup_output(float aspect_ratio) override;
+		void close_output() override;
+		Outputs::CRT::CRT *get_crt() override;
+		Outputs::Speaker::Speaker *get_speaker() override;
+		void run_for(Time::Seconds duration) override;
+
+	private:
+		void run_for(const Cycles cycles) override {}
+		const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<::Machine::DynamicMachine>> &machines_;
+		std::mutex &machines_mutex_;
+		std::vector<Concurrency::AsyncTaskQueue> queues_;
+		MultiSpeaker *speaker_ = nullptr;
+		Delegate *delegate_ = nullptr;
+
+		/*!
+			Performs a parallel for operation across all machines, performing the supplied
+			function on each and returning only once all applications have completed.
+
+			No guarantees are extended as to which thread operations will occur on.
+		*/
+		void perform_parallel(const std::function<void(::CRTMachine::Machine *)> &);
+
+		/*!
+			Performs a serial for operation across all machines, performing the supplied
+			function on each on the calling thread.
+		*/
+		void perform_serial(const std::function<void(::CRTMachine::Machine *)> &);
+};
+
+}
+}
+
+
+#endif /* MultiCRTMachine_hpp */

Analyser/Dynamic/MultiMachine/Implementation/MultiConfigurable.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+//
+//  MultiConfigurable.cpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 09/02/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include "MultiConfigurable.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+using namespace Analyser::Dynamic;
+
+MultiConfigurable::MultiConfigurable(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<::Machine::DynamicMachine>> &machines) {
+	for(const auto &machine: machines) {
+		Configurable::Device *device = machine->configurable_device();
+		if(device) devices_.push_back(device);
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Configurable::Option>> MultiConfigurable::get_options() {
+	std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Configurable::Option>> options;
+
+	// Produce the list of unique options.
+	for(const auto &device : devices_) {
+		std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Configurable::Option>> device_options = device->get_options();
+		for(auto &option : device_options) {
+			if(std::find(options.begin(), options.end(), option) == options.end()) {
+				options.push_back(std::move(option));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return options;
+}
+
+void MultiConfigurable::set_selections(const Configurable::SelectionSet &selection_by_option) {
+	for(const auto &device : devices_) {
+		device->set_selections(selection_by_option);
+	}
+}
+
+Configurable::SelectionSet MultiConfigurable::get_accurate_selections() {
+	Configurable::SelectionSet set;
+	for(const auto &device : devices_) {
+		Configurable::SelectionSet device_set = device->get_accurate_selections();
+		for(auto &selection : device_set) {
+			set.insert(std::move(selection));
+		}
+	}
+	return set;
+}
+
+Configurable::SelectionSet MultiConfigurable::get_user_friendly_selections() {
+	Configurable::SelectionSet set;
+	for(const auto &device : devices_) {
+		Configurable::SelectionSet device_set = device->get_user_friendly_selections();
+		for(auto &selection : device_set) {
+			set.insert(std::move(selection));
+		}
+	}
+	return set;
+}

Analyser/Dynamic/MultiMachine/Implementation/MultiConfigurable.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+//
+//  MultiConfigurable.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 09/02/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef MultiConfigurable_hpp
+#define MultiConfigurable_hpp
+
+#include "../../../../Machines/DynamicMachine.hpp"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Dynamic {
+
+/*!
+	Provides a class that multiplexes the configurable interface to multiple machines.
+
+	Makes a static internal copy of the list of machines; makes no guarantees about the
+	order of delivered messages.
+*/
+class MultiConfigurable: public Configurable::Device {
+	public:
+		MultiConfigurable(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<::Machine::DynamicMachine>> &machines);
+
+		// Below is the standard Configurable::Device interface; see there for documentation.
+		std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Configurable::Option>> get_options() override;
+		void set_selections(const Configurable::SelectionSet &selection_by_option) override;
+		Configurable::SelectionSet get_accurate_selections() override;
+		Configurable::SelectionSet get_user_friendly_selections() override;
+
+	private:
+		std::vector<Configurable::Device *> devices_;
+};
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* MultiConfigurable_hpp */

Analyser/Dynamic/MultiMachine/Implementation/MultiConfigurationTarget.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//
+//  MultiConfigurationTarget.cpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 29/01/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include "MultiConfigurationTarget.hpp"
+
+using namespace Analyser::Dynamic;
+
+MultiConfigurationTarget::MultiConfigurationTarget(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<::Machine::DynamicMachine>> &machines) {
+	for(const auto &machine: machines) {
+		ConfigurationTarget::Machine *configuration_target = machine->configuration_target();
+		if(configuration_target) targets_.push_back(configuration_target);
+    }
+}
+
+void MultiConfigurationTarget::configure_as_target(const Analyser::Static::Target *target) {
+}
+
+bool MultiConfigurationTarget::insert_media(const Analyser::Static::Media &media) {
+	bool inserted = false;
+	for(const auto &target : targets_) {
+		inserted |= target->insert_media(media);
+	}
+	return inserted;
+}

Analyser/Dynamic/MultiMachine/Implementation/MultiConfigurationTarget.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//
+//  MultiConfigurationTarget.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 29/01/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef MultiConfigurationTarget_hpp
+#define MultiConfigurationTarget_hpp
+
+#include "../../../../Machines/ConfigurationTarget.hpp"
+#include "../../../../Machines/DynamicMachine.hpp"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Dynamic {
+
+/*!
+	Provides a class that multiplexes the configuration target interface to multiple machines.
+
+	Makes a static internal copy of the list of machines; makes no guarantees about the
+	order of delivered messages.
+*/
+struct MultiConfigurationTarget: public ConfigurationTarget::Machine {
+	public:
+		MultiConfigurationTarget(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<::Machine::DynamicMachine>> &machines);
+
+		// Below is the standard ConfigurationTarget::Machine interface; see there for documentation.
+		void configure_as_target(const Analyser::Static::Target *target) override;
+		bool insert_media(const Analyser::Static::Media &media) override;
+
+	private:
+		std::vector<ConfigurationTarget::Machine *> targets_;
+};
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* MultiConfigurationTarget_hpp */

Analyser/Dynamic/MultiMachine/Implementation/MultiJoystickMachine.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+//
+//  MultiJoystickMachine.cpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 09/02/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include "MultiJoystickMachine.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+using namespace Analyser::Dynamic;
+
+namespace {
+
+class MultiJoystick: public Inputs::Joystick {
+	public:
+		MultiJoystick(std::vector<JoystickMachine::Machine *> &machines, std::size_t index) {
+			for(const auto &machine: machines) {
+				const auto &joysticks = machine->get_joysticks();
+				if(joysticks.size() >= index) {
+					joysticks_.push_back(joysticks[index].get());
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		std::vector<DigitalInput> get_inputs() override {
+			std::vector<DigitalInput> inputs;
+
+			for(const auto &joystick: joysticks_) {
+				std::vector<DigitalInput> joystick_inputs = joystick->get_inputs();
+				for(const auto &input: joystick_inputs) {
+					if(std::find(inputs.begin(), inputs.end(), input) != inputs.end()) {
+						inputs.push_back(input);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			return inputs;
+		}
+
+		void set_digital_input(const DigitalInput &digital_input, bool is_active) override {
+			for(const auto &joystick: joysticks_) {
+				joystick->set_digital_input(digital_input, is_active);
+			}
+		}
+		void reset_all_inputs() override {
+			for(const auto &joystick: joysticks_) {
+				joystick->reset_all_inputs();
+			}
+		}
+
+	private:
+		std::vector<Inputs::Joystick *> joysticks_;
+};
+
+}
+
+MultiJoystickMachine::MultiJoystickMachine(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<::Machine::DynamicMachine>> &machines) {
+	std::size_t total_joysticks = 0;
+	std::vector<JoystickMachine::Machine *> joystick_machines;
+	for(const auto &machine: machines) {
+		JoystickMachine::Machine *joystick_machine = machine->joystick_machine();
+		if(joystick_machine) {
+			joystick_machines.push_back(joystick_machine);
+			total_joysticks = std::max(total_joysticks, joystick_machine->get_joysticks().size());
+		}
+    }
+
+	for(std::size_t index = 0; index < total_joysticks; ++index) {
+		joysticks_.emplace_back(new MultiJoystick(joystick_machines, index));
+	}
+}
+
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Inputs::Joystick>> &MultiJoystickMachine::get_joysticks() {
+	return joysticks_;
+}

Analyser/Dynamic/MultiMachine/Implementation/MultiJoystickMachine.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//
+//  MultiJoystickMachine.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 09/02/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef MultiJoystickMachine_hpp
+#define MultiJoystickMachine_hpp
+
+#include "../../../../Machines/DynamicMachine.hpp"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Dynamic {
+
+/*!
+	Provides a class that multiplexes the joystick machine interface to multiple machines.
+
+	Makes a static internal copy of the list of machines; makes no guarantees about the
+	order of delivered messages.
+*/
+class MultiJoystickMachine: public JoystickMachine::Machine {
+	public:
+		MultiJoystickMachine(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<::Machine::DynamicMachine>> &machines);
+
+		// Below is the standard JoystickMachine::Machine interface; see there for documentation.
+		std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Inputs::Joystick>> &get_joysticks() override;
+
+	private:
+		std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Inputs::Joystick>> joysticks_;
+};
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* MultiJoystickMachine_hpp */

Analyser/Dynamic/MultiMachine/Implementation/MultiKeyboardMachine.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+//
+//  MultiKeyboardMachine.cpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 09/02/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include "MultiKeyboardMachine.hpp"
+
+using namespace Analyser::Dynamic;
+
+MultiKeyboardMachine::MultiKeyboardMachine(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<::Machine::DynamicMachine>> &machines) {
+	for(const auto &machine: machines) {
+		KeyboardMachine::Machine *keyboard_machine = machine->keyboard_machine();
+		if(keyboard_machine) machines_.push_back(keyboard_machine);
+    }
+}
+
+void MultiKeyboardMachine::clear_all_keys() {
+	for(const auto &machine: machines_) {
+		machine->clear_all_keys();
+    }
+}
+
+void MultiKeyboardMachine::set_key_state(uint16_t key, bool is_pressed) {
+    for(const auto &machine: machines_) {
+        machine->set_key_state(key, is_pressed);
+    }
+}
+
+void MultiKeyboardMachine::type_string(const std::string &string) {
+    for(const auto &machine: machines_) {
+        machine->type_string(string);
+    }
+}
+
+void MultiKeyboardMachine::keyboard_did_change_key(Inputs::Keyboard *keyboard, Inputs::Keyboard::Key key, bool is_pressed) {
+    for(const auto &machine: machines_) {
+		uint16_t mapped_key = machine->get_keyboard_mapper()->mapped_key_for_key(key);
+		if(mapped_key != KeyNotMapped) machine->set_key_state(mapped_key, is_pressed);
+    }
+}

Analyser/Dynamic/MultiMachine/Implementation/MultiKeyboardMachine.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+//
+//  MultiKeyboardMachine.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 09/02/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef MultiKeyboardMachine_hpp
+#define MultiKeyboardMachine_hpp
+
+#include "../../../../Machines/DynamicMachine.hpp"
+#include "../../../../Machines/KeyboardMachine.hpp"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Dynamic {
+
+/*!
+	Provides a class that multiplexes the keyboard machine interface to multiple machines.
+
+	Makes a static internal copy of the list of machines; makes no guarantees about the
+	order of delivered messages.
+*/
+class MultiKeyboardMachine: public KeyboardMachine::Machine {
+	public:
+		MultiKeyboardMachine(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<::Machine::DynamicMachine>> &machines);
+
+		// Below is the standard KeyboardMachine::Machine interface; see there for documentation.
+		void clear_all_keys() override;
+		void set_key_state(uint16_t key, bool is_pressed) override;
+		void type_string(const std::string &) override;
+		void keyboard_did_change_key(Inputs::Keyboard *keyboard, Inputs::Keyboard::Key key, bool is_pressed) override;
+
+	private:
+		std::vector<::KeyboardMachine::Machine *> machines_;
+};
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* MultiKeyboardMachine_hpp */

Analyser/Dynamic/MultiMachine/Implementation/MultiSpeaker.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+//
+//  MultiSpeaker.cpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 18/02/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include "MultiSpeaker.hpp"
+
+using namespace Analyser::Dynamic;
+
+MultiSpeaker *MultiSpeaker::create(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<::Machine::DynamicMachine>> &machines) {
+	std::vector<Outputs::Speaker::Speaker *> speakers;
+	for(const auto &machine: machines) {
+		Outputs::Speaker::Speaker *speaker = machine->crt_machine()->get_speaker();
+		if(speaker) speakers.push_back(speaker);
+	}
+	if(speakers.empty()) return nullptr;
+
+	return new MultiSpeaker(speakers);
+}
+
+MultiSpeaker::MultiSpeaker(const std::vector<Outputs::Speaker::Speaker *> &speakers) :
+	speakers_(speakers), front_speaker_(speakers.front()) {
+	for(const auto &speaker: speakers_) {
+		speaker->set_delegate(this);
+	}
+}
+
+float MultiSpeaker::get_ideal_clock_rate_in_range(float minimum, float maximum) {
+	float ideal = 0.0f;
+	for(const auto &speaker: speakers_) {
+		ideal += speaker->get_ideal_clock_rate_in_range(minimum, maximum);
+	}
+
+	return ideal / static_cast<float>(speakers_.size());
+}
+
+void MultiSpeaker::set_output_rate(float cycles_per_second, int buffer_size) {
+	for(const auto &speaker: speakers_) {
+		speaker->set_output_rate(cycles_per_second, buffer_size);
+	}
+}
+
+void MultiSpeaker::set_delegate(Outputs::Speaker::Speaker::Delegate *delegate) {
+	delegate_ = delegate;
+}
+
+void MultiSpeaker::speaker_did_complete_samples(Speaker *speaker, const std::vector<int16_t> &buffer) {
+	if(!delegate_) return;
+	{
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock_guard(front_speaker_mutex_);
+		if(speaker != front_speaker_) return;
+	}
+	delegate_->speaker_did_complete_samples(this, buffer);
+}
+
+void MultiSpeaker::speaker_did_change_input_clock(Speaker *speaker) {
+	if(!delegate_) return;
+	{
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock_guard(front_speaker_mutex_);
+		if(speaker != front_speaker_) return;
+	}
+	delegate_->speaker_did_change_input_clock(this);
+}
+
+void MultiSpeaker::set_new_front_machine(::Machine::DynamicMachine *machine) {
+	{
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock_guard(front_speaker_mutex_);
+		front_speaker_ = machine->crt_machine()->get_speaker();
+	}
+	if(delegate_) {
+		delegate_->speaker_did_change_input_clock(this);
+	}
+}

Analyser/Dynamic/MultiMachine/Implementation/MultiSpeaker.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+//
+//  MultiSpeaker.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 18/02/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef MultiSpeaker_hpp
+#define MultiSpeaker_hpp
+
+#include "../../../../Machines/DynamicMachine.hpp"
+#include "../../../../Outputs/Speaker/Speaker.hpp"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Dynamic {
+
+/*!
+	Provides a class that multiplexes calls to and from Outputs::Speaker::Speaker in order
+	transparently to connect a single caller to multiple destinations.
+
+	Makes a static internal copy of the list of machines; expects the owner to keep it
+	abreast of the current frontmost machine.
+*/
+class MultiSpeaker: public Outputs::Speaker::Speaker, Outputs::Speaker::Speaker::Delegate {
+	public:
+		/*!
+			Provides a construction mechanism that may return nullptr, in the case that all included
+			machines return nullptr as their speaker.
+		*/
+		static MultiSpeaker *create(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<::Machine::DynamicMachine>> &machines);
+
+		/// This class requires the caller to nominate changes in the frontmost machine.
+		void set_new_front_machine(::Machine::DynamicMachine *machine);
+
+		// Below is the standard Outputs::Speaker::Speaker interface; see there for documentation.
+		float get_ideal_clock_rate_in_range(float minimum, float maximum) override;
+		void set_output_rate(float cycles_per_second, int buffer_size) override;
+		void set_delegate(Outputs::Speaker::Speaker::Delegate *delegate) override;
+
+	private:
+		void speaker_did_complete_samples(Speaker *speaker, const std::vector<int16_t> &buffer) override;
+		void speaker_did_change_input_clock(Speaker *speaker) override;
+		MultiSpeaker(const std::vector<Outputs::Speaker::Speaker *> &speakers);
+
+		std::vector<Outputs::Speaker::Speaker *> speakers_;
+		Outputs::Speaker::Speaker *front_speaker_ = nullptr;
+		Outputs::Speaker::Speaker::Delegate *delegate_ = nullptr;
+		std::mutex front_speaker_mutex_;
+};
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* MultiSpeaker_hpp */

Analyser/Dynamic/MultiMachine/MultiMachine.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+//
+//  MultiMachine.cpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 28/01/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include "MultiMachine.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+using namespace Analyser::Dynamic;
+
+MultiMachine::MultiMachine(std::vector<std::unique_ptr<DynamicMachine>> &&machines) :
+	machines_(std::move(machines)),
+	configurable_(machines_),
+	configuration_target_(machines_),
+	crt_machine_(machines_, machines_mutex_),
+	joystick_machine_(machines),
+	keyboard_machine_(machines_) {
+	crt_machine_.set_delegate(this);
+}
+
+ConfigurationTarget::Machine *MultiMachine::configuration_target() {
+	if(has_picked_) {
+		return machines_.front()->configuration_target();
+	} else {
+		return &configuration_target_;
+	}
+}
+
+CRTMachine::Machine *MultiMachine::crt_machine() {
+	if(has_picked_) {
+		return machines_.front()->crt_machine();
+	} else {
+		return &crt_machine_;
+	}
+}
+
+JoystickMachine::Machine *MultiMachine::joystick_machine() {
+	if(has_picked_) {
+		return machines_.front()->joystick_machine();
+	} else {
+		return &joystick_machine_;
+	}
+}
+
+KeyboardMachine::Machine *MultiMachine::keyboard_machine() {
+	if(has_picked_) {
+		return machines_.front()->keyboard_machine();
+	} else {
+		return &keyboard_machine_;
+	}
+}
+
+Configurable::Device *MultiMachine::configurable_device() {
+	if(has_picked_) {
+		return machines_.front()->configurable_device();
+	} else {
+		return &configurable_;
+	}
+}
+
+bool MultiMachine::would_collapse(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<DynamicMachine>> &machines) {
+	return
+		(machines.front()->crt_machine()->get_confidence() > 0.9f) ||
+		(machines.front()->crt_machine()->get_confidence() >= 2.0f * machines[1]->crt_machine()->get_confidence());
+}
+
+void MultiMachine::multi_crt_did_run_machines() {
+	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> machines_lock(machines_mutex_);
+#ifdef DEBUG
+	for(const auto &machine: machines_) {
+		CRTMachine::Machine *crt = machine->crt_machine();
+		printf("%0.2f ", crt->get_confidence());
+		crt->print_type();
+		printf("; ");
+	}
+	printf("\n");
+#endif
+
+	DynamicMachine *front = machines_.front().get();
+	std::stable_sort(machines_.begin(), machines_.end(),
+        [] (const std::unique_ptr<DynamicMachine> &lhs, const std::unique_ptr<DynamicMachine> &rhs){
+		    CRTMachine::Machine *lhs_crt = lhs->crt_machine();
+		    CRTMachine::Machine *rhs_crt = rhs->crt_machine();
+		    return lhs_crt->get_confidence() > rhs_crt->get_confidence();
+	    });
+
+	if(machines_.front().get() != front) {
+		crt_machine_.did_change_machine_order();
+	}
+
+	if(would_collapse(machines_)) {
+		pick_first();
+	}
+}
+
+void MultiMachine::pick_first() {
+	has_picked_ = true;
+//	machines_.erase(machines_.begin() + 1, machines_.end());
+	// TODO: this isn't quite correct, because it may leak OpenGL/etc resources through failure to
+	// request a close_output while the context is active.
+}
+
+void *MultiMachine::raw_pointer() {
+	return nullptr;
+}

Analyser/Dynamic/MultiMachine/MultiMachine.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+//
+//  MultiMachine.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 28/01/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef MultiMachine_hpp
+#define MultiMachine_hpp
+
+#include "../../../Machines/DynamicMachine.hpp"
+
+#include "Implementation/MultiConfigurable.hpp"
+#include "Implementation/MultiConfigurationTarget.hpp"
+#include "Implementation/MultiCRTMachine.hpp"
+#include "Implementation/MultiJoystickMachine.hpp"
+#include "Implementation/MultiKeyboardMachine.hpp"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Dynamic {
+
+/*!
+	Provides the same interface as to a single machine, while multiplexing all
+	underlying calls to an array of real dynamic machines.
+
+	Calls to crt_machine->get_crt will return that for the frontmost machine;
+	anything installed as the speaker's delegate will similarly receive
+	feedback only from that machine.
+
+	Following each crt_machine->run_for, reorders the supplied machines by
+	confidence.
+
+	If confidence for any machine becomes disproportionately low compared to
+	the others in the set, that machine stops running.
+*/
+class MultiMachine: public ::Machine::DynamicMachine, public MultiCRTMachine::Delegate {
+	public:
+		/*!
+			Allows a potential MultiMachine creator to enquire as to whether there's any benefit in
+			requesting this class as a proxy.
+
+			@returns @c true if the multimachine would discard all but the first machine in this list;
+				@c false otherwise.
+		*/
+		static bool would_collapse(const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<DynamicMachine>> &machines);
+		MultiMachine(std::vector<std::unique_ptr<DynamicMachine>> &&machines);
+
+		ConfigurationTarget::Machine *configuration_target() override;
+		CRTMachine::Machine *crt_machine() override;
+		JoystickMachine::Machine *joystick_machine() override;
+		KeyboardMachine::Machine *keyboard_machine() override;
+		Configurable::Device *configurable_device() override;
+		void *raw_pointer() override;
+
+	private:
+		void multi_crt_did_run_machines() override;
+
+		std::vector<std::unique_ptr<DynamicMachine>> machines_;
+		std::mutex machines_mutex_;
+
+		MultiConfigurable configurable_;
+		MultiConfigurationTarget configuration_target_;
+		MultiCRTMachine crt_machine_;
+		MultiJoystickMachine joystick_machine_;
+		MultiKeyboardMachine keyboard_machine_;
+
+		void pick_first();
+		bool has_picked_ = false;
+};
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* MultiMachine_hpp */

Analyser/Machines.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//
+//  Machines.h
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 24/01/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef Machines_h
+#define Machines_h
+
+namespace Analyser {
+
+enum class Machine {
+	AmstradCPC,
+	Atari2600,
+	ColecoVision,
+	Electron,
+	MSX,
+	Oric,
+	Vic20,
+	ZX8081
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif /* Machines_h */

Analyser/Static/Acorn/Disk.cpp

@@ -7,14 +7,16 @@
 //
 
 #include "Disk.hpp"
-#include "../../Storage/Disk/Controller/DiskController.hpp"
+
-#include "../../Storage/Disk/Encodings/MFM/Parser.hpp"
+#include "../../../Storage/Disk/Controller/DiskController.hpp"
-#include "../../NumberTheory/CRC.hpp"
+#include "../../../Storage/Disk/Encodings/MFM/Parser.hpp"
+#include "../../../NumberTheory/CRC.hpp"
+
 #include <algorithm>
 
-using namespace StaticAnalyser::Acorn;
+using namespace Analyser::Static::Acorn;
 
-std::unique_ptr<Catalogue> StaticAnalyser::Acorn::GetDFSCatalogue(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Disk::Disk> &disk) {
+std::unique_ptr<Catalogue> Analyser::Static::Acorn::GetDFSCatalogue(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Disk::Disk> &disk) {
 	// c.f. http://beebwiki.mdfs.net/Acorn_DFS_disc_format
 	std::unique_ptr<Catalogue> catalogue(new Catalogue);
 	Storage::Encodings::MFM::Parser parser(false, disk);
@@ -23,37 +25,36 @@ std::unique_ptr<Catalogue> StaticAnalyser::Acorn::GetDFSCatalogue(const std::sha
 	Storage::Encodings::MFM::Sector *details = parser.get_sector(0, 0, 1);
 
 	if(!names || !details) return nullptr;
-	if(names->data.size() != 256 || details->data.size() != 256) return nullptr;
+	if(names->samples.empty() || details->samples.empty()) return nullptr;
+	if(names->samples[0].size() != 256 || details->samples[0].size() != 256) return nullptr;
 
-	uint8_t final_file_offset = details->data[5];
+	uint8_t final_file_offset = details->samples[0][5];
 	if(final_file_offset&7) return nullptr;
 	if(final_file_offset < 8) return nullptr;
 
 	char disk_name[13];
-	snprintf(disk_name, 13, "%.8s%.4s", &names->data[0], &details->data[0]);
+	snprintf(disk_name, 13, "%.8s%.4s", &names->samples[0][0], &details->samples[0][0]);
 	catalogue->name = disk_name;
 
-	switch((details->data[6] >> 4)&3) {
+	switch((details->samples[0][6] >> 4)&3) {
 		case 0: catalogue->bootOption = Catalogue::BootOption::None;		break;
 		case 1: catalogue->bootOption = Catalogue::BootOption::LoadBOOT;	break;
 		case 2: catalogue->bootOption = Catalogue::BootOption::RunBOOT;		break;
 		case 3: catalogue->bootOption = Catalogue::BootOption::ExecBOOT;	break;
 	}
 
-	// DFS files are stored contiguously, and listed in descending order of distance from track 0.
+	for(std::size_t file_offset = 8; file_offset < final_file_offset; file_offset += 8) {
-	// So iterating backwards implies the least amount of seeking.
-	for(size_t file_offset = final_file_offset - 8; file_offset > 0; file_offset -= 8) {
 		File new_file;
 		char name[10];
-		snprintf(name, 10, "%c.%.7s", names->data[file_offset + 7] & 0x7f, &names->data[file_offset]);
+		snprintf(name, 10, "%c.%.7s", names->samples[0][file_offset + 7] & 0x7f, &names->samples[0][file_offset]);
 		new_file.name = name;
-		new_file.load_address = (uint32_t)(details->data[file_offset] | (details->data[file_offset+1] << 8) | ((details->data[file_offset+6]&0x0c) << 14));
+		new_file.load_address = (uint32_t)(details->samples[0][file_offset] | (details->samples[0][file_offset+1] << 8) | ((details->samples[0][file_offset+6]&0x0c) << 14));
-		new_file.execution_address = (uint32_t)(details->data[file_offset+2] | (details->data[file_offset+3] << 8) | ((details->data[file_offset+6]&0xc0) << 10));
+		new_file.execution_address = (uint32_t)(details->samples[0][file_offset+2] | (details->samples[0][file_offset+3] << 8) | ((details->samples[0][file_offset+6]&0xc0) << 10));
-		new_file.is_protected = !!(names->data[file_offset + 7] & 0x80);
+		new_file.is_protected = !!(names->samples[0][file_offset + 7] & 0x80);
 
-		long data_length = static_cast<long>(details->data[file_offset+4] | (details->data[file_offset+5] << 8) | ((details->data[file_offset+6]&0x30) << 12));
+		long data_length = static_cast<long>(details->samples[0][file_offset+4] | (details->samples[0][file_offset+5] << 8) | ((details->samples[0][file_offset+6]&0x30) << 12));
-		int start_sector = details->data[file_offset+7] | ((details->data[file_offset+6]&0x03) << 8);
+		int start_sector = details->samples[0][file_offset+7] | ((details->samples[0][file_offset+6]&0x03) << 8);
-		new_file.data.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(data_length));
+		new_file.data.reserve(static_cast<std::size_t>(data_length));
 
 		if(start_sector < 2) continue;
 		while(data_length > 0) {
@@ -65,15 +66,15 @@ std::unique_ptr<Catalogue> StaticAnalyser::Acorn::GetDFSCatalogue(const std::sha
 			if(!next_sector) break;
 
 			long length_from_sector = std::min(data_length, 256l);
-			new_file.data.insert(new_file.data.end(), next_sector->data.begin(), next_sector->data.begin() + length_from_sector);
+			new_file.data.insert(new_file.data.end(), next_sector->samples[0].begin(), next_sector->samples[0].begin() + length_from_sector);
 			data_length -= length_from_sector;
 		}
-		if(!data_length) catalogue->files.push_front(new_file);
+		if(!data_length) catalogue->files.push_back(new_file);
 	}
 
 	return catalogue;
 }
-std::unique_ptr<Catalogue> StaticAnalyser::Acorn::GetADFSCatalogue(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Disk::Disk> &disk) {
+std::unique_ptr<Catalogue> Analyser::Static::Acorn::GetADFSCatalogue(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Disk::Disk> &disk) {
 	std::unique_ptr<Catalogue> catalogue(new Catalogue);
 	Storage::Encodings::MFM::Parser parser(true, disk);
 
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<Catalogue> StaticAnalyser::Acorn::GetADFSCatalogue(const std::sh
 	for(uint8_t c = 2; c < 7; c++) {
 		Storage::Encodings::MFM::Sector *sector = parser.get_sector(0, 0, c);
 		if(!sector) return nullptr;
-		root_directory.insert(root_directory.end(), sector->data.begin(), sector->data.end());
+		root_directory.insert(root_directory.end(), sector->samples[0].begin(), sector->samples[0].end());
 	}
 
 	// Quick sanity checks.
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<Catalogue> StaticAnalyser::Acorn::GetADFSCatalogue(const std::sh
 	if(root_directory[1] != 'H' || root_directory[2] != 'u' || root_directory[3] != 'g' || root_directory[4] != 'o') return nullptr;
 	if(root_directory[0x4FB] != 'H' || root_directory[0x4FC] != 'u' || root_directory[0x4FD] != 'g' || root_directory[0x4FE] != 'o') return nullptr;
 
-	switch(free_space_map_second_half->data[0xfd]) {
+	switch(free_space_map_second_half->samples[0][0xfd]) {
 		default: catalogue->bootOption = Catalogue::BootOption::None;		break;
 		case 1: catalogue->bootOption = Catalogue::BootOption::LoadBOOT;	break;
 		case 2: catalogue->bootOption = Catalogue::BootOption::RunBOOT;		break;

Analyser/Static/Acorn/Disk.hpp

@@ -10,15 +10,16 @@
 #define StaticAnalyser_Acorn_Disk_hpp
 
 #include "File.hpp"
-#include "../../Storage/Disk/Disk.hpp"
+#include "../../../Storage/Disk/Disk.hpp"
 
-namespace StaticAnalyser {
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
 namespace Acorn {
 
 /// Describes a DFS- or ADFS-format catalogue(/directory) — the list of files available and the catalogue's boot option.
 struct Catalogue {
 	std::string name;
-	std::list<File> files;
+	std::vector<File> files;
 	enum class BootOption {
 		None,
 		LoadBOOT,
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ struct Catalogue {
 std::unique_ptr<Catalogue> GetDFSCatalogue(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Disk::Disk> &disk);
 std::unique_ptr<Catalogue> GetADFSCatalogue(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Disk::Disk> &disk);
 
+}
 }
 }
 

Analyser/Static/Acorn/File.hpp

@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@
 #ifndef StaticAnalyser_Acorn_File_hpp
 #define StaticAnalyser_Acorn_File_hpp
 
-#include <list>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-namespace StaticAnalyser {
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
 namespace Acorn {
 
 struct File {
@@ -38,9 +38,10 @@ struct File {
 		std::vector<uint8_t> data;
 	};
 
-	std::list<Chunk> chunks;
+	std::vector<Chunk> chunks;
 };
 
+}
 }
 }
 

Analyser/Static/Acorn/StaticAnalyser.cpp

@@ -10,22 +10,23 @@
 
 #include "Disk.hpp"
 #include "Tape.hpp"
+#include "Target.hpp"
 
-using namespace StaticAnalyser::Acorn;
+using namespace Analyser::Static::Acorn;
 
-static std::list<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge>>
+static std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge>>
-		AcornCartridgesFrom(const std::list<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge>> &cartridges) {
+		AcornCartridgesFrom(const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge>> &cartridges) {
-	std::list<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge>> acorn_cartridges;
+	std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge>> acorn_cartridges;
 
-	for(std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge> cartridge : cartridges) {
+	for(const auto &cartridge : cartridges) {
-		const std::list<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment> &segments = cartridge->get_segments();
+		const auto &segments = cartridge->get_segments();
 
 		// only one mapped item is allowed
 		if(segments.size() != 1) continue;
 
-		// which must be 16 kb in size
+		// which must be 8 or 16 kb in size
-		Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment segment = segments.front();
+		const Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment &segment = segments.front();
-		if(segment.data.size() != 0x4000) continue;
+		if(segment.data.size() != 0x4000 && segment.data.size() != 0x2000) continue;
 
 		// is a copyright string present?
 		uint8_t copyright_offset = segment.data[7];
@@ -56,21 +57,21 @@ static std::list<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge>>
 	return acorn_cartridges;
 }
 
-void StaticAnalyser::Acorn::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target> &destination) {
+void Analyser::Static::Acorn::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<::Analyser::Static::Target>> &destination) {
-	Target target;
+	std::unique_ptr<Target> target(new Target);
-	target.machine = Target::Electron;
+	target->machine = Machine::Electron;
-	target.probability = 1.0; // TODO: a proper estimation
+	target->confidence = 0.5; // TODO: a proper estimation
-	target.acorn.has_dfs = false;
+	target->has_dfs = false;
-	target.acorn.has_adfs = false;
+	target->has_adfs = false;
-	target.acorn.should_shift_restart = false;
+	target->should_shift_restart = false;
 
 	// strip out inappropriate cartridges
-	target.media.cartridges = AcornCartridgesFrom(media.cartridges);
+	target->media.cartridges = AcornCartridgesFrom(media.cartridges);
 
 	// if there are any tapes, attempt to get data from the first
 	if(media.tapes.size() > 0) {
 		std::shared_ptr<Storage::Tape::Tape> tape = media.tapes.front();
-		std::list<File> files = GetFiles(tape);
+		std::vector<File> files = GetFiles(tape);
 		tape->reset();
 
 		// continue if there are any files
@@ -82,9 +83,9 @@ void StaticAnalyser::Acorn::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target> &de
 
 			// check also for a continuous threading of BASIC lines; if none then this probably isn't BASIC code,
 			// so that's also justification to *RUN
-			size_t pointer = 0;
+			std::size_t pointer = 0;
 			uint8_t *data = &files.front().data[0];
-			size_t data_size = files.front().data.size();
+			std::size_t data_size = files.front().data.size();
 			while(1) {
 				if(pointer >= data_size-1 || data[pointer] != 13) {
 					is_basic = false;
@@ -96,9 +97,9 @@ void StaticAnalyser::Acorn::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target> &de
 
 			// Inspect first file. If it's protected or doesn't look like BASIC
 			// then the loading command is *RUN. Otherwise it's CHAIN"".
-			target.loadingCommand = is_basic ? "CHAIN\"\"\n" : "*RUN\n";
+			target->loading_command = is_basic ? "CHAIN\"\"\n" : "*RUN\n";
 
-			target.media.tapes = media.tapes;
+			target->media.tapes = media.tapes;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -108,18 +109,19 @@ void StaticAnalyser::Acorn::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target> &de
 		dfs_catalogue = GetDFSCatalogue(disk);
 		if(dfs_catalogue == nullptr) adfs_catalogue = GetADFSCatalogue(disk);
 		if(dfs_catalogue || adfs_catalogue) {
-			target.media.disks = media.disks;
+			target->media.disks = media.disks;
-			target.acorn.has_dfs = !!dfs_catalogue;
+			target->has_dfs = !!dfs_catalogue;
-			target.acorn.has_adfs = !!adfs_catalogue;
+			target->has_adfs = !!adfs_catalogue;
 
 			Catalogue::BootOption bootOption = (dfs_catalogue ?: adfs_catalogue)->bootOption;
 			if(bootOption != Catalogue::BootOption::None)
-				target.acorn.should_shift_restart = true;
+				target->should_shift_restart = true;
 			else
-				target.loadingCommand = "*CAT\n";
+				target->loading_command = "*CAT\n";
 		}
 	}
 
-	if(target.media.tapes.size() || target.media.disks.size() || target.media.cartridges.size())
+	if(target->media.tapes.size() || target->media.disks.size() || target->media.cartridges.size()) {
-		destination.push_back(target);
+		destination.push_back(std::move(target));
+	}
 }

Analyser/Static/Acorn/StaticAnalyser.hpp

@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@
 
 #include "../StaticAnalyser.hpp"
 
-namespace StaticAnalyser {
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
 namespace Acorn {
 
-void AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target> &destination);
+void AddTargets(const Media &media, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Target>> &destination);
 
+}
 }
 }
 

Analyser/Static/Acorn/Tape.cpp

@@ -9,10 +9,11 @@
 #include "Tape.hpp"
 
 #include <deque>
-#include "../../NumberTheory/CRC.hpp"
-#include "../../Storage/Tape/Parsers/Acorn.hpp"
 
-using namespace StaticAnalyser::Acorn;
+#include "../../../NumberTheory/CRC.hpp"
+#include "../../../Storage/Tape/Parsers/Acorn.hpp"
+
+using namespace Analyser::Static::Acorn;
 
 static std::unique_ptr<File::Chunk> GetNextChunk(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Tape::Tape> &tape, Storage::Tape::Acorn::Parser &parser) {
 	std::unique_ptr<File::Chunk> new_chunk(new File::Chunk);
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ static std::unique_ptr<File::Chunk> GetNextChunk(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::
 
 	// read out name
 	char name[11];
-	size_t name_ptr = 0;
+	std::size_t name_ptr = 0;
 	while(!tape->is_at_end() && name_ptr < sizeof(name)) {
 		name[name_ptr] = (char)parser.get_next_byte(tape);
 		if(!name[name_ptr]) break;
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ static std::unique_ptr<File> GetNextFile(std::deque<File::Chunk> &chunks) {
 	return file;
 }
 
-std::list<File> StaticAnalyser::Acorn::GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Tape::Tape> &tape) {
+std::vector<File> Analyser::Static::Acorn::GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Tape::Tape> &tape) {
 	Storage::Tape::Acorn::Parser parser;
 
 	// populate chunk list
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ std::list<File> StaticAnalyser::Acorn::GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::T
 	}
 
 	// decompose into file list
-	std::list<File> file_list;
+	std::vector<File> file_list;
 
 	while(chunk_list.size()) {
 		std::unique_ptr<File> next_file = GetNextFile(chunk_list);

Analyser/Static/Acorn/Tape.hpp

@@ -12,13 +12,15 @@
 #include <memory>
 
 #include "File.hpp"
-#include "../../Storage/Tape/Tape.hpp"
+#include "../../../Storage/Tape/Tape.hpp"
 
-namespace StaticAnalyser {
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
 namespace Acorn {
 
-std::list<File> GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Tape::Tape> &tape);
+std::vector<File> GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Tape::Tape> &tape);
 
+}
 }
 }
 

Analyser/Static/Acorn/Target.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//
+//  Target.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 09/03/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef Analyser_Static_Acorn_Target_h
+#define Analyser_Static_Acorn_Target_h
+
+#include "../StaticAnalyser.hpp"
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
+namespace Acorn {
+
+struct Target: public ::Analyser::Static::Target {
+	bool has_adfs = false;
+	bool has_dfs = false;
+	bool should_shift_restart = false;
+};
+
+}
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* Analyser_Static_Acorn_Target_h */

Analyser/Static/AmstradCPC/StaticAnalyser.cpp

@@ -8,13 +8,18 @@
 
 #include "StaticAnalyser.hpp"
 
-#include "../../Storage/Disk/Parsers/CPM.hpp"
+#include <algorithm>
-#include "../../Storage/Disk/Encodings/MFM/Parser.hpp"
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "Target.hpp"
+
+#include "../../../Storage/Disk/Parsers/CPM.hpp"
+#include "../../../Storage/Disk/Encodings/MFM/Parser.hpp"
 
 static bool strcmp_insensitive(const char *a, const char *b) {
-	if(strlen(a) != strlen(b)) return false;
+	if(std::strlen(a) != std::strlen(b)) return false;
 	while(*a) {
-		if(tolower(*a) != towlower(*b)) return false;
+		if(std::tolower(*a) != std::tolower(*b)) return false;
 		a++;
 		b++;
 	}
@@ -55,7 +60,7 @@ static std::string RunCommandFor(const Storage::Disk::CPM::File &file) {
 
 static void InspectCatalogue(
 	const Storage::Disk::CPM::Catalogue &catalogue,
-	StaticAnalyser::Target &target) {
+	const std::unique_ptr<Analyser::Static::AmstradCPC::Target> &target) {
 
 	std::vector<const Storage::Disk::CPM::File *> candidate_files;
 	candidate_files.reserve(catalogue.files.size());
@@ -92,7 +97,7 @@ static void InspectCatalogue(
 
 	// If there's just one file, run that.
 	if(candidate_files.size() == 1) {
-		target.loadingCommand = RunCommandFor(*candidate_files[0]);
+		target->loading_command = RunCommandFor(*candidate_files[0]);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -101,10 +106,10 @@ static void InspectCatalogue(
 	int basic_files = 0;
 	int implicit_suffixed_files = 0;
 
-	size_t last_basic_file = 0;
+	std::size_t last_basic_file = 0;
-	size_t last_implicit_suffixed_file = 0;
+	std::size_t last_implicit_suffixed_file = 0;
 
-	for(size_t c = 0; c < candidate_files.size(); c++) {
+	for(std::size_t c = 0; c < candidate_files.size(); c++) {
 		// Files with nothing but spaces in their name can't be loaded by the user, so disregard them.
 		if(candidate_files[c]->type == "   " && candidate_files[c]->name == "        ")
 			continue;
@@ -122,16 +127,16 @@ static void InspectCatalogue(
 		}
 	}
 	if(basic_files == 1 || implicit_suffixed_files == 1) {
-		size_t selected_file = (basic_files == 1) ? last_basic_file : last_implicit_suffixed_file;
+		std::size_t selected_file = (basic_files == 1) ? last_basic_file : last_implicit_suffixed_file;
-		target.loadingCommand = RunCommandFor(*candidate_files[selected_file]);
+		target->loading_command = RunCommandFor(*candidate_files[selected_file]);
 		return;
 	}
 
 	// One more guess: if only one remaining candidate file has a different name than the others,
 	// assume it is intended to stand out.
 	std::map<std::string, int> name_counts;
-	std::map<std::string, size_t> indices_by_name;
+	std::map<std::string, std::size_t> indices_by_name;
-	size_t index = 0;
+	std::size_t index = 0;
 	for(auto file : candidate_files) {
 		name_counts[file->name]++;
 		indices_by_name[file->name] = index;
@@ -140,25 +145,25 @@ static void InspectCatalogue(
 	if(name_counts.size() == 2) {
 		for(auto &pair : name_counts) {
 			if(pair.second == 1) {
-				target.loadingCommand = RunCommandFor(*candidate_files[indices_by_name[pair.first]]);
+				target->loading_command = RunCommandFor(*candidate_files[indices_by_name[pair.first]]);
 				return;
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	// Desperation.
-	target.loadingCommand = "cat\n";
+	target->loading_command = "cat\n";
 }
 
-static bool CheckBootSector(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Disk::Disk> &disk, StaticAnalyser::Target &target) {
+static bool CheckBootSector(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Disk::Disk> &disk, const std::unique_ptr<Analyser::Static::AmstradCPC::Target> &target) {
 	Storage::Encodings::MFM::Parser parser(true, disk);
 	Storage::Encodings::MFM::Sector *boot_sector = parser.get_sector(0, 0, 0x41);
-	if(boot_sector != nullptr) {
+	if(boot_sector != nullptr && !boot_sector->samples.empty() && boot_sector->samples[0].size() == 512) {
 		// Check that the first 64 bytes of the sector aren't identical; if they are then probably
 		// this disk was formatted and the filler byte never replaced.
 		bool matched = true;
-		for(size_t c = 1; c < 64; c++) {
+		for(std::size_t c = 1; c < 64; c++) {
-			if(boot_sector->data[c] != boot_sector->data[0]) {
+			if(boot_sector->samples[0][c] != boot_sector->samples[0][0]) {
 				matched = false;
 				break;
 			}
@@ -166,7 +171,7 @@ static bool CheckBootSector(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Disk::Disk> &disk, St
 
 		// This is a system disk, then launch it as though it were CP/M.
 		if(!matched) {
-			target.loadingCommand = "|cpm\n";
+			target->loading_command = "|cpm\n";
 			return true;
 		}
 	}
@@ -174,24 +179,24 @@ static bool CheckBootSector(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Disk::Disk> &disk, St
 	return false;
 }
 
-void StaticAnalyser::AmstradCPC::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target> &destination) {
+void Analyser::Static::AmstradCPC::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Analyser::Static::Target>> &destination) {
-	Target target;
+	std::unique_ptr<Target> target(new Target);
-	target.machine = Target::AmstradCPC;
+	target->machine = Machine::AmstradCPC;
-	target.probability = 1.0;
+	target->confidence = 0.5;
-	target.media.disks = media.disks;
-	target.media.tapes = media.tapes;
-	target.media.cartridges = media.cartridges;
 
-	target.amstradcpc.model = AmstradCPCModel::CPC6128;
+	target->model = Target::Model::CPC6128;
+
+	if(!media.tapes.empty()) {
+		// TODO: which of these are actually potentially CPC tapes?
+		target->media.tapes = media.tapes;
 
-	if(!target.media.tapes.empty()) {
 		// Ugliness flows here: assume the CPC isn't smart enough to pause between pressing
 		// enter and responding to the follow-on prompt to press a key, so just type for
 		// a while. Yuck!
-		target.loadingCommand = "|tape\nrun\"\n1234567890";
+		target->loading_command = "|tape\nrun\"\n1234567890";
 	}
 
-	if(!target.media.disks.empty()) {
+	if(!media.disks.empty()) {
 		Storage::Disk::CPM::ParameterBlock data_format;
 		data_format.sectors_per_track = 9;
 		data_format.tracks = 40;
@@ -200,11 +205,6 @@ void StaticAnalyser::AmstradCPC::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target
 		data_format.catalogue_allocation_bitmap = 0xc000;
 		data_format.reserved_tracks = 0;
 
-		std::unique_ptr<Storage::Disk::CPM::Catalogue> data_catalogue = Storage::Disk::CPM::GetCatalogue(target.media.disks.front(), data_format);
-		if(data_catalogue) {
-			InspectCatalogue(*data_catalogue, target);
-		} else {
-			if(!CheckBootSector(target.media.disks.front(), target)) {
 		Storage::Disk::CPM::ParameterBlock system_format;
 		system_format.sectors_per_track = 9;
 		system_format.tracks = 40;
@@ -213,13 +213,32 @@ void StaticAnalyser::AmstradCPC::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target
 		system_format.catalogue_allocation_bitmap = 0xc000;
 		system_format.reserved_tracks = 2;
 
-				std::unique_ptr<Storage::Disk::CPM::Catalogue> system_catalogue = Storage::Disk::CPM::GetCatalogue(target.media.disks.front(), system_format);
+		for(const auto &disk: media.disks) {
+			// Check for an ordinary catalogue.
+			std::unique_ptr<Storage::Disk::CPM::Catalogue> data_catalogue = Storage::Disk::CPM::GetCatalogue(disk, data_format);
+			if(data_catalogue) {
+				InspectCatalogue(*data_catalogue, target);
+				target->media.disks.push_back(disk);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			// Failing that check for a boot sector.
+			if(CheckBootSector(disk, target)) {
+				target->media.disks.push_back(disk);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			// Failing that check for a system catalogue.
+			std::unique_ptr<Storage::Disk::CPM::Catalogue> system_catalogue = Storage::Disk::CPM::GetCatalogue(disk, system_format);
 			if(system_catalogue) {
 				InspectCatalogue(*system_catalogue, target);
-				}
+				target->media.disks.push_back(disk);
+				continue;
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	destination.push_back(target);
+	// If any media survived, add the target.
+	if(!target->media.empty())
+		destination.push_back(std::move(target));
 }

Analyser/Static/AmstradCPC/StaticAnalyser.hpp

@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@
 
 #include "../StaticAnalyser.hpp"
 
-namespace StaticAnalyser {
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
 namespace AmstradCPC {
 
-void AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target> &destination);
+void AddTargets(const Media &media, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Target>> &destination);
 
+}
 }
 }
 

Analyser/Static/AmstradCPC/Target.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//
+//  Target.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 09/03/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef Analyser_Static_AmstradCPC_Target_h
+#define Analyser_Static_AmstradCPC_Target_h
+
+#include "../StaticAnalyser.hpp"
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
+namespace AmstradCPC {
+
+struct Target: public ::Analyser::Static::Target {
+	enum class Model {
+		CPC464,
+		CPC664,
+		CPC6128
+	};
+
+	Model model = Model::CPC464;
+};
+
+}
+}
+}
+
+
+#endif /* Analyser_Static_AmstradCPC_Target_h */

Analyser/Static/Atari/StaticAnalyser.cpp

@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@
 
 #include "StaticAnalyser.hpp"
 
-#include "../Disassembler/Disassembler6502.hpp"
+#include "Target.hpp"
 
-using namespace StaticAnalyser::Atari;
+#include "../Disassembler/6502.hpp"
 
-static void DeterminePagingFor2kCartridge(StaticAnalyser::Target &target, const Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment &segment) {
+using namespace Analyser::Static::Atari;
+
+static void DeterminePagingFor2kCartridge(Analyser::Static::Atari::Target &target, const Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment &segment) {
 	// if this is a 2kb cartridge then it's definitely either unpaged or a CommaVid
 	uint16_t entry_address, break_address;
 
@@ -22,21 +24,21 @@ static void DeterminePagingFor2kCartridge(StaticAnalyser::Target &target, const
 	// a CommaVid start address needs to be outside of its RAM
 	if(entry_address < 0x1800 || break_address < 0x1800) return;
 
-	std::function<size_t(uint16_t address)> high_location_mapper = [](uint16_t address) {
+	std::function<std::size_t(uint16_t address)> high_location_mapper = [](uint16_t address) {
 		address &= 0x1fff;
-		return static_cast<size_t>(address - 0x1800);
+		return static_cast<std::size_t>(address - 0x1800);
 	};
-	StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Disassembly high_location_disassembly =
+	Analyser::Static::MOS6502::Disassembly high_location_disassembly =
-		StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Disassemble(segment.data, high_location_mapper, {entry_address, break_address});
+		Analyser::Static::MOS6502::Disassemble(segment.data, high_location_mapper, {entry_address, break_address});
 
 	// assume that any kind of store that looks likely to be intended for large amounts of memory implies
 	// large amounts of memory
 	bool has_wide_area_store = false;
-	for(std::map<uint16_t, StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Instruction>::value_type &entry : high_location_disassembly.instructions_by_address) {
+	for(std::map<uint16_t, Analyser::Static::MOS6502::Instruction>::value_type &entry : high_location_disassembly.instructions_by_address) {
-		if(entry.second.operation == StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Instruction::STA) {
+		if(entry.second.operation == Analyser::Static::MOS6502::Instruction::STA) {
-			has_wide_area_store |= entry.second.addressing_mode == StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Instruction::Indirect;
+			has_wide_area_store |= entry.second.addressing_mode == Analyser::Static::MOS6502::Instruction::Indirect;
-			has_wide_area_store |= entry.second.addressing_mode == StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Instruction::IndexedIndirectX;
+			has_wide_area_store |= entry.second.addressing_mode == Analyser::Static::MOS6502::Instruction::IndexedIndirectX;
-			has_wide_area_store |= entry.second.addressing_mode == StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Instruction::IndirectIndexedY;
+			has_wide_area_store |= entry.second.addressing_mode == Analyser::Static::MOS6502::Instruction::IndirectIndexedY;
 
 			if(has_wide_area_store) break;
 		}
@@ -46,10 +48,10 @@ static void DeterminePagingFor2kCartridge(StaticAnalyser::Target &target, const
 	// caveat: false positives aren't likely to be problematic; a false positive is a 2KB ROM that always addresses
 	// itself so as to land in ROM even if mapped as a CommaVid and this code is on the fence as to whether it
 	// attempts to modify itself but it probably doesn't
-	if(has_wide_area_store) target.atari.paging_model = StaticAnalyser::Atari2600PagingModel::CommaVid;
+	if(has_wide_area_store) target.paging_model = Analyser::Static::Atari::Target::PagingModel::CommaVid;
 }
 
-static void DeterminePagingFor8kCartridge(StaticAnalyser::Target &target, const Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment &segment, const StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Disassembly &disassembly) {
+static void DeterminePagingFor8kCartridge(Analyser::Static::Atari::Target &target, const Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment &segment, const Analyser::Static::MOS6502::Disassembly &disassembly) {
 	// Activision stack titles have their vectors at the top of the low 4k, not the top, and
 	// always list 0xf000 as both vectors; they do not repeat them, and, inexplicably, they all
 	// issue an SEI as their first instruction (maybe some sort of relic of the development environment?)
@@ -58,12 +60,12 @@ static void DeterminePagingFor8kCartridge(StaticAnalyser::Target &target, const
 		(segment.data[8191] != 0xf0 || segment.data[8189] != 0xf0 || segment.data[8190] != 0x00 || segment.data[8188] != 0x00) &&
 		segment.data[0] == 0x78
 	) {
-		target.atari.paging_model = StaticAnalyser::Atari2600PagingModel::ActivisionStack;
+		target.paging_model = Analyser::Static::Atari::Target::PagingModel::ActivisionStack;
 		return;
 	}
 
 	// make an assumption that this is the Atari paging model
-	target.atari.paging_model = StaticAnalyser::Atari2600PagingModel::Atari8k;
+	target.paging_model = Analyser::Static::Atari::Target::PagingModel::Atari8k;
 
 	std::set<uint16_t> internal_accesses;
 	internal_accesses.insert(disassembly.internal_stores.begin(), disassembly.internal_stores.end());
@@ -83,13 +85,13 @@ static void DeterminePagingFor8kCartridge(StaticAnalyser::Target &target, const
 		tigervision_access_count += masked_address == 0x3f;
 	}
 
-	if(parker_access_count > atari_access_count) target.atari.paging_model = StaticAnalyser::Atari2600PagingModel::ParkerBros;
+	if(parker_access_count > atari_access_count) target.paging_model = Analyser::Static::Atari::Target::PagingModel::ParkerBros;
-	else if(tigervision_access_count > atari_access_count) target.atari.paging_model = StaticAnalyser::Atari2600PagingModel::Tigervision;
+	else if(tigervision_access_count > atari_access_count) target.paging_model = Analyser::Static::Atari::Target::PagingModel::Tigervision;
 }
 
-static void DeterminePagingFor16kCartridge(StaticAnalyser::Target &target, const Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment &segment, const StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Disassembly &disassembly) {
+static void DeterminePagingFor16kCartridge(Analyser::Static::Atari::Target &target, const Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment &segment, const Analyser::Static::MOS6502::Disassembly &disassembly) {
 	// make an assumption that this is the Atari paging model
-	target.atari.paging_model = StaticAnalyser::Atari2600PagingModel::Atari16k;
+	target.paging_model = Analyser::Static::Atari::Target::PagingModel::Atari16k;
 
 	std::set<uint16_t> internal_accesses;
 	internal_accesses.insert(disassembly.internal_stores.begin(), disassembly.internal_stores.end());
@@ -104,17 +106,17 @@ static void DeterminePagingFor16kCartridge(StaticAnalyser::Target &target, const
 		mnetwork_access_count += masked_address >= 0x1fe0 && masked_address < 0x1ffb;
 	}
 
-	if(mnetwork_access_count > atari_access_count) target.atari.paging_model = StaticAnalyser::Atari2600PagingModel::MNetwork;
+	if(mnetwork_access_count > atari_access_count) target.paging_model = Analyser::Static::Atari::Target::PagingModel::MNetwork;
 }
 
-static void DeterminePagingFor64kCartridge(StaticAnalyser::Target &target, const Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment &segment, const StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Disassembly &disassembly) {
+static void DeterminePagingFor64kCartridge(Analyser::Static::Atari::Target &target, const Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment &segment, const Analyser::Static::MOS6502::Disassembly &disassembly) {
 	// make an assumption that this is a Tigervision if there is a write to 3F
-	target.atari.paging_model =
+	target.paging_model =
 		(disassembly.external_stores.find(0x3f) != disassembly.external_stores.end()) ?
-			StaticAnalyser::Atari2600PagingModel::Tigervision : StaticAnalyser::Atari2600PagingModel::MegaBoy;
+			Analyser::Static::Atari::Target::PagingModel::Tigervision : Analyser::Static::Atari::Target::PagingModel::MegaBoy;
 }
 
-static void DeterminePagingForCartridge(StaticAnalyser::Target &target, const Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment &segment) {
+static void DeterminePagingForCartridge(Analyser::Static::Atari::Target &target, const Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment &segment) {
 	if(segment.data.size() == 2048) {
 		DeterminePagingFor2kCartridge(target, segment);
 		return;
@@ -125,29 +127,29 @@ static void DeterminePagingForCartridge(StaticAnalyser::Target &target, const St
 	entry_address = static_cast<uint16_t>(segment.data[segment.data.size() - 4] | (segment.data[segment.data.size() - 3] << 8));
 	break_address = static_cast<uint16_t>(segment.data[segment.data.size() - 2] | (segment.data[segment.data.size() - 1] << 8));
 
-	std::function<size_t(uint16_t address)> address_mapper = [](uint16_t address) {
+	std::function<std::size_t(uint16_t address)> address_mapper = [](uint16_t address) {
-		if(!(address & 0x1000)) return static_cast<size_t>(-1);
+		if(!(address & 0x1000)) return static_cast<std::size_t>(-1);
-		return static_cast<size_t>(address & 0xfff);
+		return static_cast<std::size_t>(address & 0xfff);
 	};
 
 	std::vector<uint8_t> final_4k(segment.data.end() - 4096, segment.data.end());
-	StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Disassembly disassembly = StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Disassemble(final_4k, address_mapper, {entry_address, break_address});
+	Analyser::Static::MOS6502::Disassembly disassembly = Analyser::Static::MOS6502::Disassemble(final_4k, address_mapper, {entry_address, break_address});
 
 	switch(segment.data.size()) {
 		case 8192:
 			DeterminePagingFor8kCartridge(target, segment, disassembly);
 		break;
 		case 10495:
-			target.atari.paging_model = StaticAnalyser::Atari2600PagingModel::Pitfall2;
+			target.paging_model = Analyser::Static::Atari::Target::PagingModel::Pitfall2;
 		break;
 		case 12288:
-			target.atari.paging_model = StaticAnalyser::Atari2600PagingModel::CBSRamPlus;
+			target.paging_model = Analyser::Static::Atari::Target::PagingModel::CBSRamPlus;
 		break;
 		case 16384:
 			DeterminePagingFor16kCartridge(target, segment, disassembly);
 		break;
 		case 32768:
-			target.atari.paging_model = StaticAnalyser::Atari2600PagingModel::Atari32k;
+			target.paging_model = Analyser::Static::Atari::Target::PagingModel::Atari32k;
 		break;
 		case 65536:
 			DeterminePagingFor64kCartridge(target, segment, disassembly);
@@ -159,43 +161,43 @@ static void DeterminePagingForCartridge(StaticAnalyser::Target &target, const St
 	// check for a Super Chip. Atari ROM images [almost] always have the same value stored over RAM
 	// regions; when they don't they at least seem to have the first 128 bytes be the same as the
 	// next 128 bytes. So check for that.
-	if(	target.atari.paging_model != StaticAnalyser::Atari2600PagingModel::CBSRamPlus &&
+	if(	target.paging_model != Analyser::Static::Atari::Target::PagingModel::CBSRamPlus &&
-		target.atari.paging_model != StaticAnalyser::Atari2600PagingModel::MNetwork) {
+		target.paging_model != Analyser::Static::Atari::Target::PagingModel::MNetwork) {
 		bool has_superchip = true;
-		for(size_t address = 0; address < 128; address++) {
+		for(std::size_t address = 0; address < 128; address++) {
 			if(segment.data[address] != segment.data[address+128]) {
 				has_superchip = false;
 				break;
 			}
 		}
-		target.atari.uses_superchip = has_superchip;
+		target.uses_superchip = has_superchip;
 	}
 
 	// check for a Tigervision or Tigervision-esque scheme
-	if(target.atari.paging_model == StaticAnalyser::Atari2600PagingModel::None && segment.data.size() > 4096) {
+	if(target.paging_model == Analyser::Static::Atari::Target::PagingModel::None && segment.data.size() > 4096) {
 		bool looks_like_tigervision = disassembly.external_stores.find(0x3f) != disassembly.external_stores.end();
-		if(looks_like_tigervision) target.atari.paging_model = StaticAnalyser::Atari2600PagingModel::Tigervision;
+		if(looks_like_tigervision) target.paging_model = Analyser::Static::Atari::Target::PagingModel::Tigervision;
 	}
 }
 
-void StaticAnalyser::Atari::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target> &destination) {
+void Analyser::Static::Atari::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Analyser::Static::Target>> &destination) {
-	// TODO: sanity checking; is this image really for an Atari 2600.
+	// TODO: sanity checking; is this image really for an Atari 2600?
-	Target target;
+	std::unique_ptr<Analyser::Static::Atari::Target> target(new Analyser::Static::Atari::Target);
-	target.machine = Target::Atari2600;
+	target->machine = Machine::Atari2600;
-	target.probability = 1.0;
+	target->confidence = 0.5;
-	target.media.cartridges = media.cartridges;
+	target->media.cartridges = media.cartridges;
-	target.atari.paging_model = Atari2600PagingModel::None;
+	target->paging_model = Analyser::Static::Atari::Target::PagingModel::None;
-	target.atari.uses_superchip = false;
+	target->uses_superchip = false;
 
 	// try to figure out the paging scheme
 	if(!media.cartridges.empty()) {
-		const std::list<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment> &segments = media.cartridges.front()->get_segments();
+		const auto &segments = media.cartridges.front()->get_segments();
 
 		if(segments.size() == 1) {
 			const Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment &segment = segments.front();
-			DeterminePagingForCartridge(target, segment);
+			DeterminePagingForCartridge(*target, segment);
 		}
 	}
 
-	destination.push_back(target);
+	destination.push_back(std::move(target));
 }

Analyser/Static/Atari/StaticAnalyser.hpp

@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@
 
 #include "../StaticAnalyser.hpp"
 
-namespace StaticAnalyser {
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
 namespace Atari {
 
-void AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target> &destination);
+void AddTargets(const Media &media, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Target>> &destination);
 
+}
 }
 }
 

Analyser/Static/Atari/Target.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+//
+//  Target.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 09/03/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef Analyser_Static_Atari_Target_h
+#define Analyser_Static_Atari_Target_h
+
+#include "../StaticAnalyser.hpp"
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
+namespace Atari {
+
+struct Target: public ::Analyser::Static::Target {
+	enum class PagingModel {
+		None,
+		CommaVid,
+		Atari8k,
+		Atari16k,
+		Atari32k,
+		ActivisionStack,
+		ParkerBros,
+		Tigervision,
+		CBSRamPlus,
+		MNetwork,
+		MegaBoy,
+		Pitfall2
+	};
+
+	// TODO: shouldn't these be properties of the cartridge?
+	PagingModel paging_model = PagingModel::None;
+	bool uses_superchip = false;
+};
+
+}
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* Analyser_Static_Atari_Target_h */

Analyser/Static/Coleco/StaticAnalyser.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+//
+//  StaticAnalyser.cpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 23/02/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include "StaticAnalyser.hpp"
+
+static std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge>>
+		ColecoCartridgesFrom(const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge>> &cartridges) {
+	std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge>> coleco_cartridges;
+
+	for(const auto &cartridge : cartridges) {
+		const auto &segments = cartridge->get_segments();
+
+		// only one mapped item is allowed
+		if(segments.size() != 1) continue;
+
+		// which must be 8, 12, 16, 24 or 32 kb in size
+		const Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment &segment = segments.front();
+		const std::size_t data_size = segment.data.size();
+		const std::size_t overflow = data_size&8191;
+		if(overflow > 8 && overflow != 512 && (data_size != 12*1024)) continue;
+		if(data_size < 8192) continue;
+
+		// the two bytes that will be first must be 0xaa and 0x55, either way around
+		auto *start = &segment.data[0];
+		if((data_size & static_cast<std::size_t>(~8191)) > 32768) {
+			start = &segment.data[segment.data.size() - 16384];
+		}
+		if(start[0] != 0xaa && start[0] != 0x55 && start[1] != 0xaa && start[1] != 0x55) continue;
+		if(start[0] == start[1]) continue;
+
+		// probability of a random binary blob that isn't a Coleco ROM proceeding to here is 1 - 1/32768.
+		if(!overflow) {
+			coleco_cartridges.push_back(cartridge);
+		} else {
+			// Size down to a multiple of 8kb and apply the start address.
+			std::vector<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment> output_segments;
+
+			std::vector<uint8_t> truncated_data;
+			std::vector<uint8_t>::difference_type truncated_size = static_cast<std::vector<uint8_t>::difference_type>(segment.data.size()) & ~8191;
+			truncated_data.insert(truncated_data.begin(), segment.data.begin(), segment.data.begin() + truncated_size);
+			output_segments.emplace_back(0x8000, truncated_data);
+
+			coleco_cartridges.emplace_back(new Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge(output_segments));
+		}
+	}
+
+	return coleco_cartridges;
+}
+
+void Analyser::Static::Coleco::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Target>> &destination) {
+	std::unique_ptr<Target> target(new Target);
+	target->machine = Machine::ColecoVision;
+	target->confidence = 1.0f - 1.0f / 32768.0f;
+	target->media.cartridges = ColecoCartridgesFrom(media.cartridges);
+	if(!target->media.empty())
+		destination.push_back(std::move(target));
+}

Analyser/Static/Coleco/StaticAnalyser.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//
+//  StaticAnalyser.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 23/02/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef StaticAnalyser_Coleco_StaticAnalyser_hpp
+#define StaticAnalyser_Coleco_StaticAnalyser_hpp
+
+#include "../StaticAnalyser.hpp"
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
+namespace Coleco {
+
+void AddTargets(const Media &media, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Target>> &destination);
+
+}
+}
+}
+
+
+#endif /* StaticAnalyser_hpp */

Analyser/Static/Commodore/Disk.cpp

@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@
 //
 
 #include "Disk.hpp"
-#include "../../Storage/Disk/Controller/DiskController.hpp"
+#include "../../../Storage/Disk/Controller/DiskController.hpp"
-#include "../../Storage/Disk/Encodings/CommodoreGCR.hpp"
+#include "../../../Storage/Disk/Encodings/CommodoreGCR.hpp"
-#include "../../Storage/Data/Commodore.hpp"
+#include "../../../Storage/Data/Commodore.hpp"
 
 #include <limits>
 #include <vector>
 #include <array>
 
-using namespace StaticAnalyser::Commodore;
+using namespace Analyser::Static::Commodore;
 
 class CommodoreGCRParser: public Storage::Disk::Controller {
 	public:
@@ -71,19 +71,19 @@ class CommodoreGCRParser: public Storage::Disk::Controller {
 			bit_count_++;
 		}
 
-		unsigned int proceed_to_next_block() {
+		unsigned int proceed_to_next_block(int max_index_count) {
 			// find GCR lead-in
 			proceed_to_shift_value(0x3ff);
 			if(shift_register_ != 0x3ff) return 0xff;
 
 			// find end of lead-in
-			while(shift_register_ == 0x3ff && index_count_ < 2) {
+			while(shift_register_ == 0x3ff && index_count_ < max_index_count) {
 				run_for(Cycles(1));
 			}
 
 			// continue for a further nine bits
 			bit_count_ = 0;
-			while(bit_count_ < 9 && index_count_ < 2) {
+			while(bit_count_ < 9 && index_count_ < max_index_count) {
 				run_for(Cycles(1));
 			}
 
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ class CommodoreGCRParser: public Storage::Disk::Controller {
 		}
 
 		void proceed_to_shift_value(unsigned int shift_value) {
-			index_count_ = 0;
+			const int max_index_count = index_count_ + 2;
-			while(shift_register_ != shift_value && index_count_ < 2) {
+			while(shift_register_ != shift_value && index_count_ < max_index_count) {
 				run_for(Cycles(1));
 			}
 		}
@@ -124,13 +124,13 @@ class CommodoreGCRParser: public Storage::Disk::Controller {
 
 		std::shared_ptr<Sector> get_next_sector() {
 			std::shared_ptr<Sector> sector(new Sector);
-			index_count_ = 0;
+			const int max_index_count = index_count_ + 2;
 
-			while(index_count_ < 2) {
+			while(index_count_ < max_index_count) {
 				// look for a sector header
 				while(1) {
-					if(proceed_to_next_block() == 0x08) break;
+					if(proceed_to_next_block(max_index_count) == 0x08) break;
-					if(index_count_ >= 2) return nullptr;
+					if(index_count_ >= max_index_count) return nullptr;
 				}
 
 				// get sector details, skip if this looks malformed
@@ -144,12 +144,12 @@ class CommodoreGCRParser: public Storage::Disk::Controller {
 
 				// look for the following data
 				while(1) {
-					if(proceed_to_next_block() == 0x07) break;
+					if(proceed_to_next_block(max_index_count) == 0x07) break;
-					if(index_count_ >= 2) return nullptr;
+					if(index_count_ >= max_index_count) return nullptr;
 				}
 
 				checksum = 0;
-				for(size_t c = 0; c < 256; c++) {
+				for(std::size_t c = 0; c < 256; c++) {
 					sector->data[c] = static_cast<uint8_t>(get_next_byte());
 					checksum ^= sector->data[c];
 				}
@@ -165,8 +165,8 @@ class CommodoreGCRParser: public Storage::Disk::Controller {
 		}
 };
 
-std::list<File> StaticAnalyser::Commodore::GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Disk::Disk> &disk) {
+std::vector<File> Analyser::Static::Commodore::GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Disk::Disk> &disk) {
-	std::list<File> files;
+	std::vector<File> files;
 	CommodoreGCRParser parser;
 	parser.drive->set_disk(disk);
 
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ std::list<File> StaticAnalyser::Commodore::GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storag
 	}
 
 	// parse directory
-	size_t header_pointer = static_cast<size_t>(-32);
+	std::size_t header_pointer = static_cast<std::size_t>(-32);
 	while(header_pointer+32+31 < directory.size()) {
 		header_pointer += 32;
 
@@ -207,12 +207,12 @@ std::list<File> StaticAnalyser::Commodore::GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storag
 		next_sector = directory[header_pointer + 4];
 
 		new_file.raw_name.reserve(16);
-		for(size_t c = 0; c < 16; c++) {
+		for(std::size_t c = 0; c < 16; c++) {
 			new_file.raw_name.push_back(directory[header_pointer + 5 + c]);
 		}
 		new_file.name = Storage::Data::Commodore::petscii_from_bytes(&new_file.raw_name[0], 16, false);
 
-		size_t number_of_sectors = static_cast<size_t>(directory[header_pointer + 0x1e]) + (static_cast<size_t>(directory[header_pointer + 0x1f]) << 8);
+		std::size_t number_of_sectors = static_cast<std::size_t>(directory[header_pointer + 0x1e]) + (static_cast<std::size_t>(directory[header_pointer + 0x1f]) << 8);
 		new_file.data.reserve((number_of_sectors - 1) * 254 + 252);
 
 		bool is_first_sector = true;

Analyser/Static/Commodore/Disk.hpp

@@ -9,17 +9,19 @@
 #ifndef StaticAnalyser_Commodore_Disk_hpp
 #define StaticAnalyser_Commodore_Disk_hpp
 
-#include "../../Storage/Disk/Disk.hpp"
+#include "../../../Storage/Disk/Disk.hpp"
 #include "File.hpp"
-#include <list>
 
-namespace StaticAnalyser {
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
 namespace Commodore {
 
-std::list<File> GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Disk::Disk> &disk);
+std::vector<File> GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Disk::Disk> &disk);
 
 }
 }
-
+}
 
 #endif /* Disk_hpp */

Analyser/Static/Commodore/File.cpp

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 #include "File.hpp"
 
-bool StaticAnalyser::Commodore::File::is_basic() {
+bool Analyser::Static::Commodore::File::is_basic() {
 	// BASIC files are always relocatable (?)
 	if(type != File::RelocatableProgram) return false;
 
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ bool StaticAnalyser::Commodore::File::is_basic() {
 	//		... null-terminated code ...
 	//	(with a next line address of 0000 indicating end of program)ß
 	while(1) {
-		if(line_address - starting_address >= data.size() + 2) break;
+		if(static_cast<size_t>(line_address - starting_address) >= data.size() + 2) break;
 
 		uint16_t next_line_address = data[line_address - starting_address];
 		next_line_address |= data[line_address - starting_address + 1] << 8;
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ bool StaticAnalyser::Commodore::File::is_basic() {
 		}
 		if(next_line_address < line_address + 5) break;
 
-		if(line_address - starting_address >= data.size() + 5) break;
+		if(static_cast<size_t>(line_address - starting_address) >= data.size() + 5) break;
 		uint16_t next_line_number = data[line_address - starting_address + 2];
 		next_line_number |= data[line_address - starting_address + 3] << 8;
 

Analyser/Static/Commodore/File.hpp

@@ -12,18 +12,17 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-namespace StaticAnalyser {
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
 namespace Commodore {
 
 struct File {
-	File() : is_closed(false), is_locked(false) {}
-
 	std::wstring name;
 	std::vector<uint8_t> raw_name;
 	uint16_t starting_address;
 	uint16_t ending_address;
-	bool is_locked;
+	bool is_locked = false;
-	bool is_closed;
+	bool is_closed = false;
 	enum {
 		RelocatableProgram,
 		NonRelocatableProgram,
@@ -36,6 +35,7 @@ struct File {
 	bool is_basic();
 };
 
+}
 }
 }
 

Analyser/Static/Commodore/StaticAnalyser.cpp

@@ -8,21 +8,23 @@
 
 #include "StaticAnalyser.hpp"
 
+#include "Disk.hpp"
 #include "File.hpp"
 #include "Tape.hpp"
-#include "Disk.hpp"
+#include "Target.hpp"
-#include "../../Storage/Cartridge/Encodings/CommodoreROM.hpp"
+#include "../../../Storage/Cartridge/Encodings/CommodoreROM.hpp"
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <sstream>
 
-using namespace StaticAnalyser::Commodore;
+using namespace Analyser::Static::Commodore;
 
-static std::list<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge>>
+static std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge>>
-		Vic20CartridgesFrom(const std::list<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge>> &cartridges) {
+		Vic20CartridgesFrom(const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge>> &cartridges) {
-	std::list<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge>> vic20_cartridges;
+	std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge>> vic20_cartridges;
 
-	for(std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge> cartridge : cartridges) {
+	for(const auto &cartridge : cartridges) {
-		const std::list<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment> &segments = cartridge->get_segments();
+		const auto &segments = cartridge->get_segments();
 
 		// only one mapped item is allowed
 		if(segments.size() != 1) continue;
@@ -38,42 +40,42 @@ static std::list<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge>>
 	return vic20_cartridges;
 }
 
-void StaticAnalyser::Commodore::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target> &destination) {
+void Analyser::Static::Commodore::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Analyser::Static::Target>> &destination, const std::string &file_name) {
-	Target target;
+	std::unique_ptr<Target> target(new Target);
-	target.machine = Target::Vic20;	// TODO: machine estimation
+	target->machine = Machine::Vic20;	// TODO: machine estimation
-	target.probability = 1.0; // TODO: a proper estimation
+	target->confidence = 0.5; // TODO: a proper estimation
 
 	int device = 0;
-	std::list<File> files;
+	std::vector<File> files;
 	bool is_disk = false;
 
 	// strip out inappropriate cartridges
-	target.media.cartridges = Vic20CartridgesFrom(media.cartridges);
+	target->media.cartridges = Vic20CartridgesFrom(media.cartridges);
 
 	// check disks
 	for(auto &disk : media.disks) {
-		std::list<File> disk_files = GetFiles(disk);
+		std::vector<File> disk_files = GetFiles(disk);
 		if(!disk_files.empty()) {
 			is_disk = true;
-			files.splice(files.end(), disk_files);
+			files.insert(files.end(), disk_files.begin(), disk_files.end());
-			target.media.disks.push_back(disk);
+			target->media.disks.push_back(disk);
 			if(!device) device = 8;
 		}
 	}
 
 	// check tapes
 	for(auto &tape : media.tapes) {
-		std::list<File> tape_files = GetFiles(tape);
+		std::vector<File> tape_files = GetFiles(tape);
 		tape->reset();
 		if(!tape_files.empty()) {
-			files.splice(files.end(), tape_files);
+			files.insert(files.end(), tape_files.begin(), tape_files.end());
-			target.media.tapes.push_back(tape);
+			target->media.tapes.push_back(tape);
 			if(!device) device = 1;
 		}
 	}
 
 	if(!files.empty()) {
-		target.vic20.memory_model = Vic20MemoryModel::Unexpanded;
+		target->memory_model = Target::MemoryModel::Unexpanded;
 		std::ostringstream string_stream;
 		string_stream << "LOAD\"" << (is_disk ? "*" : "") << "\"," << device << ",";
   		if(files.front().is_basic()) {
@@ -82,23 +84,26 @@ void StaticAnalyser::Commodore::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target>
 			string_stream << "1";
 		}
 		string_stream << "\nRUN\n";
-		target.loadingCommand = string_stream.str();
+		target->loading_command = string_stream.str();
 
 		// make a first guess based on loading address
 		switch(files.front().starting_address) {
+			default:
+				printf("Starting address %04x?\n", files.front().starting_address);
 			case 0x1001:
-			default: break;
+				target->memory_model = Target::MemoryModel::Unexpanded;
+			break;
 			case 0x1201:
-				target.vic20.memory_model = Vic20MemoryModel::ThirtyTwoKB;
+				target->memory_model = Target::MemoryModel::ThirtyTwoKB;
 			break;
 			case 0x0401:
-				target.vic20.memory_model = Vic20MemoryModel::EightKB;
+				target->memory_model = Target::MemoryModel::EightKB;
 			break;
 		}
 
 		// General approach: increase memory size conservatively such that the largest file found will fit.
-		for(File &file : files) {
+//		for(File &file : files) {
-			size_t file_size = file.data.size();
+//			std::size_t file_size = file.data.size();
 //			bool is_basic = file.is_basic();
 
 			/*if(is_basic)
@@ -108,9 +113,9 @@ void StaticAnalyser::Commodore::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target>
 				// An unexpanded machine has 3583 bytes free for BASIC;
 				// a 3kb expanded machine has 6655 bytes free.
 				if(file_size > 6655)
-					target.vic20.memory_model = Vic20MemoryModel::ThirtyTwoKB;
+					target->vic20.memory_model = Vic20MemoryModel::ThirtyTwoKB;
-				else if(target.vic20.memory_model == Vic20MemoryModel::Unexpanded && file_size > 3583)
+				else if(target->vic20.memory_model == Vic20MemoryModel::Unexpanded && file_size > 3583)
-					target.vic20.memory_model = Vic20MemoryModel::EightKB;
+					target->vic20.memory_model = Vic20MemoryModel::EightKB;
 			}
 			else
 			{*/
@@ -124,18 +129,26 @@ void StaticAnalyser::Commodore::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target>
 				// An unexpanded Vic has memory between 0x0000 and 0x0400; and between 0x1000 and 0x2000.
 				// A 3kb expanded Vic fills in the gap and has memory between 0x0000 and 0x2000.
 				// A 32kb expanded Vic has memory in the entire low 32kb.
-				uint16_t starting_address = file.starting_address;
+//				uint16_t starting_address = file.starting_address;
 
 				// If anything above the 8kb mark is touched, mark as a 32kb machine; otherwise if the
 				// region 0x0400 to 0x1000 is touched and this is an unexpanded machine, mark as 3kb.
-				if(starting_address + file_size > 0x2000)
+//				if(starting_address + file_size > 0x2000)
-					target.vic20.memory_model = Vic20MemoryModel::ThirtyTwoKB;
+//					target->memory_model = Target::MemoryModel::ThirtyTwoKB;
-				else if(target.vic20.memory_model == Vic20MemoryModel::Unexpanded && !(starting_address >= 0x1000 || starting_address+file_size < 0x0400))
+//				else if(target->memory_model == Target::MemoryModel::Unexpanded && !(starting_address >= 0x1000 || starting_address+file_size < 0x0400))
-					target.vic20.memory_model = Vic20MemoryModel::ThirtyTwoKB;
+//					target->memory_model = Target::MemoryModel::ThirtyTwoKB;
+//			}
 //		}
 	}
+
+	if(!target->media.empty()) {
+		// Inspect filename for a region hint.
+		std::string lowercase_name = file_name;
+		std::transform(lowercase_name.begin(), lowercase_name.end(), lowercase_name.begin(), ::tolower);
+		if(lowercase_name.find("ntsc") != std::string::npos) {
+			target->region = Analyser::Static::Commodore::Target::Region::American;
 		}
 
-	if(!target.media.tapes.empty() || !target.media.cartridges.empty() || !target.media.disks.empty())
+		destination.push_back(std::move(target));
-		destination.push_back(target);
+	}
 }

Analyser/Static/Commodore/StaticAnalyser.hpp

@@ -10,12 +10,15 @@
 #define StaticAnalyser_Commodore_StaticAnalyser_hpp
 
 #include "../StaticAnalyser.hpp"
+#include <string>
 
-namespace StaticAnalyser {
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
 namespace Commodore {
 
-void AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target> &destination);
+void AddTargets(const Media &media, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Target>> &destination, const std::string &file_name);
 
+}
 }
 }
 

Analyser/Static/Commodore/Tape.cpp

@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@
 
 #include "Tape.hpp"
 
-#include "../../Storage/Tape/Parsers/Commodore.hpp"
+#include "../../../Storage/Tape/Parsers/Commodore.hpp"
 
-using namespace StaticAnalyser::Commodore;
+using namespace Analyser::Static::Commodore;
 
-std::list<File> StaticAnalyser::Commodore::GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Tape::Tape> &tape) {
+std::vector<File> Analyser::Static::Commodore::GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Tape::Tape> &tape) {
 	Storage::Tape::Commodore::Parser parser;
-	std::list<File> file_list;
+	std::vector<File> file_list;
 
 	std::unique_ptr<Storage::Tape::Commodore::Header> header = parser.get_next_header(tape);
 

Analyser/Static/Commodore/Tape.hpp

@@ -9,15 +9,16 @@
 #ifndef StaticAnalyser_Commodore_Tape_hpp
 #define StaticAnalyser_Commodore_Tape_hpp
 
-#include "../../Storage/Tape/Tape.hpp"
+#include "../../../Storage/Tape/Tape.hpp"
 #include "File.hpp"
-#include <list>
 
-namespace StaticAnalyser {
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
 namespace Commodore {
 
-std::list<File> GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Tape::Tape> &tape);
+std::vector<File> GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Tape::Tape> &tape);
 
+}
 }
 }
 

Analyser/Static/Commodore/Target.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//
+//  Target.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 09/03/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef Analyser_Static_Commodore_Target_h
+#define Analyser_Static_Commodore_Target_h
+
+#include "../StaticAnalyser.hpp"
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
+namespace Commodore {
+
+struct Target: public ::Analyser::Static::Target {
+	enum class MemoryModel {
+		Unexpanded,
+		EightKB,
+		ThirtyTwoKB
+	};
+
+	enum class Region {
+		American,
+		Danish,
+		Japanese,
+		European,
+		Swedish
+	};
+
+	MemoryModel memory_model = MemoryModel::Unexpanded;
+	Region region = Region::European;
+	bool has_c1540 = false;
+};
+
+}
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* Analyser_Static_Commodore_Target_h */

Analyser/Static/Disassembler/6502.cpp

@@ -6,24 +6,25 @@
 //  Copyright © 2016 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
 //
 
-#include "Disassembler6502.hpp"
+#include "6502.hpp"
-#include <map>
 
-using namespace StaticAnalyser::MOS6502;
+#include "Kernel.hpp"
 
-struct PartialDisassembly {
+using namespace Analyser::Static::MOS6502;
-	Disassembly disassembly;
+namespace  {
-	std::vector<uint16_t> remaining_entry_points;
-};
 
-static void AddToDisassembly(PartialDisassembly &disassembly, const std::vector<uint8_t> &memory, const std::function<size_t(uint16_t)> &address_mapper, uint16_t entry_point) {
+using PartialDisassembly = Analyser::Static::Disassembly::PartialDisassembly<Disassembly, uint16_t>;
+
+struct MOS6502Disassembler {
+
+static void AddToDisassembly(PartialDisassembly &disassembly, const std::vector<uint8_t> &memory, const std::function<std::size_t(uint16_t)> &address_mapper, uint16_t entry_point) {
 	disassembly.disassembly.internal_calls.insert(entry_point);
 	uint16_t address = entry_point;
-	while(1) {
+	while(true) {
-		size_t local_address = address_mapper(address);
+		std::size_t local_address = address_mapper(address);
 		if(local_address >= memory.size()) return;
 
-		struct Instruction instruction;
+		Instruction instruction;
 		instruction.address = address;
 		address++;
 
@@ -233,7 +234,7 @@ static void AddToDisassembly(PartialDisassembly &disassembly, const std::vector<
 			case Instruction::ZeroPage: case Instruction::ZeroPageX: case Instruction::ZeroPageY:
 			case Instruction::IndexedIndirectX: case Instruction::IndirectIndexedY:
 			case Instruction::Relative: {
-				size_t operand_address = address_mapper(address);
+				std::size_t operand_address = address_mapper(address);
 				if(operand_address >= memory.size()) return;
 				address++;
 
@@ -244,8 +245,8 @@ static void AddToDisassembly(PartialDisassembly &disassembly, const std::vector<
 			// two-byte operands
 			case Instruction::Absolute: case Instruction::AbsoluteX: case Instruction::AbsoluteY:
 			case Instruction::Indirect: {
-				size_t low_operand_address = address_mapper(address);
+				std::size_t low_operand_address = address_mapper(address);
-				size_t high_operand_address = address_mapper(address + 1);
+				std::size_t high_operand_address = address_mapper(address + 1);
 				if(low_operand_address >= memory.size() || high_operand_address >= memory.size()) return;
 				address += 2;
 
@@ -259,7 +260,7 @@ static void AddToDisassembly(PartialDisassembly &disassembly, const std::vector<
 
 		// TODO: something wider-ranging than this
 		if(instruction.addressing_mode == Instruction::Absolute || instruction.addressing_mode == Instruction::ZeroPage) {
-			size_t mapped_address = address_mapper(instruction.operand);
+			std::size_t mapped_address = address_mapper(instruction.operand);
 			bool is_external = mapped_address >= memory.size();
 
 			switch(instruction.operation) {
@@ -307,31 +308,13 @@ static void AddToDisassembly(PartialDisassembly &disassembly, const std::vector<
 	}
 }
 
-Disassembly StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Disassemble(const std::vector<uint8_t> &memory, const std::function<size_t(uint16_t)> &address_mapper, std::vector<uint16_t> entry_points) {
+};
-	PartialDisassembly partialDisassembly;
-	partialDisassembly.remaining_entry_points = entry_points;
 
-	while(!partialDisassembly.remaining_entry_points.empty()) {
+}	// end of anonymous namespace
-		// pull the next entry point from the back of the vector
-		uint16_t next_entry_point = partialDisassembly.remaining_entry_points.back();
-		partialDisassembly.remaining_entry_points.pop_back();
 
-		// if that address has already bene visited, forget about it
+Disassembly Analyser::Static::MOS6502::Disassemble(
-		if(partialDisassembly.disassembly.instructions_by_address.find(next_entry_point) != partialDisassembly.disassembly.instructions_by_address.end()) continue;
+	const std::vector<uint8_t> &memory,
-
+	const std::function<std::size_t(uint16_t)> &address_mapper,
-		// if it's outgoing, log it as such and forget about it; otherwise disassemble
+	std::vector<uint16_t> entry_points) {
-		size_t mapped_entry_point = address_mapper(next_entry_point);
+	return Analyser::Static::Disassembly::Disassemble<Disassembly, uint16_t, MOS6502Disassembler>(memory, address_mapper, entry_points);
-		if(mapped_entry_point >= memory.size())
-			partialDisassembly.disassembly.outward_calls.insert(next_entry_point);
-		else
-			AddToDisassembly(partialDisassembly, memory, address_mapper, next_entry_point);
-	}
-
-	return std::move(partialDisassembly.disassembly);
-}
-
-std::function<size_t(uint16_t)> StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::OffsetMapper(uint16_t start_address) {
-	return [start_address](uint16_t argument) {
-		return static_cast<size_t>(argument - start_address);
-	};
 }

Analyser/Static/Disassembler/6502.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+//
+//  6502.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 10/11/2016.
+//  Copyright © 2016 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef StaticAnalyser_Disassembler_6502_hpp
+#define StaticAnalyser_Disassembler_6502_hpp
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
+namespace MOS6502 {
+
+/*!
+	Describes a 6502 instruciton — its address, the operation it performs, its addressing mode
+	and its operand, if any.
+*/
+struct Instruction {
+	/*! The address this instruction starts at. This is a mapped address. */
+	uint16_t address = 0;
+	/*! The operation this instruction performs. */
+	enum {
+		BRK, JSR, RTI, RTS, JMP,
+		CLC, SEC, CLD, SED, CLI, SEI, CLV,
+		NOP,
+
+		SLO, RLA, SRE, RRA, ALR, ARR,
+		SAX, LAX, DCP, ISC,
+		ANC, XAA, AXS,
+		AND, EOR, ORA, BIT,
+		ADC, SBC,
+		AHX, SHY, SHX, TAS, LAS,
+
+		LDA, STA, LDX, STX, LDY, STY,
+
+		BPL, BMI, BVC, BVS, BCC, BCS, BNE, BEQ,
+
+		CMP, CPX, CPY,
+		INC, DEC, DEX, DEY, INX, INY,
+		ASL, ROL, LSR, ROR,
+		TAX, TXA, TAY, TYA, TSX, TXS,
+		PLA, PHA, PLP, PHP,
+
+		KIL
+	} operation = NOP;
+	/*! The addressing mode used by the instruction. */
+	enum {
+		Absolute,
+		AbsoluteX,
+		AbsoluteY,
+		Immediate,
+		Implied,
+		ZeroPage,
+		ZeroPageX,
+		ZeroPageY,
+		Indirect,
+		IndexedIndirectX,
+		IndirectIndexedY,
+		Relative,
+	} addressing_mode = Implied;
+	/*! The instruction's operand, if any. */
+	uint16_t operand = 0;
+};
+
+/*! Represents the disassembled form of a program. */
+struct Disassembly {
+	/*! All instructions found, mapped by address. */
+	std::map<uint16_t, Instruction> instructions_by_address;
+	/*! The set of all calls or jumps that land outside of the area covered by the data provided for disassembly. */
+	std::set<uint16_t> outward_calls;
+	/*! The set of all calls or jumps that land inside of the area covered by the data provided for disassembly. */
+	std::set<uint16_t> internal_calls;
+	/*! The sets of all stores, loads and modifies that occur to data outside of the area covered by the data provided for disassembly. */
+	std::set<uint16_t> external_stores, external_loads, external_modifies;
+	/*! The sets of all stores, loads and modifies that occur to data inside of the area covered by the data provided for disassembly. */
+	std::set<uint16_t> internal_stores, internal_loads, internal_modifies;
+};
+
+/*!
+	Disassembles the data provided as @c memory, mapping it into the 6502's full address range via the @c address_mapper,
+	starting disassembly from each of the @c entry_points.
+*/
+Disassembly Disassemble(
+	const std::vector<uint8_t> &memory,
+	const std::function<std::size_t(uint16_t)> &address_mapper,
+	std::vector<uint16_t> entry_points);
+
+}
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* Disassembler6502_hpp */

Analyser/Static/Disassembler/AddressMapper.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//
+//  AddressMapper.cpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 30/12/2017.
+//  Copyright © 2017 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include "AddressMapper.hpp"

Analyser/Static/Disassembler/AddressMapper.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//
+//  AddressMapper.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 30/12/2017.
+//  Copyright © 2017 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef AddressMapper_hpp
+#define AddressMapper_hpp
+
+#include <functional>
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
+namespace Disassembler {
+
+/*!
+	Provides an address mapper that relocates a chunk of memory so that it starts at
+	address @c start_address.
+*/
+template <typename T> std::function<std::size_t(T)> OffsetMapper(T start_address) {
+	return [start_address](T argument) {
+		return static_cast<std::size_t>(argument - start_address);
+	};
+}
+
+}
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* AddressMapper_hpp */

Analyser/Static/Disassembler/Kernel.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//
+//  Kernel.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 31/12/2017.
+//  Copyright © 2017 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef Kernel_hpp
+#define Kernel_hpp
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
+namespace Disassembly {
+
+template <typename D, typename S> struct PartialDisassembly {
+	D disassembly;
+	std::vector<S> remaining_entry_points;
+};
+
+template <typename D, typename S, typename Disassembler> D Disassemble(
+	const std::vector<uint8_t> &memory,
+	const std::function<std::size_t(S)> &address_mapper,
+	std::vector<S> entry_points) {
+	PartialDisassembly<D, S> partial_disassembly;
+	partial_disassembly.remaining_entry_points = entry_points;
+
+	while(!partial_disassembly.remaining_entry_points.empty()) {
+		// pull the next entry point from the back of the vector
+		S next_entry_point = partial_disassembly.remaining_entry_points.back();
+		partial_disassembly.remaining_entry_points.pop_back();
+
+		// if that address has already been visited, forget about it
+		if(	partial_disassembly.disassembly.instructions_by_address.find(next_entry_point)
+			!= partial_disassembly.disassembly.instructions_by_address.end()) continue;
+
+		// if it's outgoing, log it as such and forget about it; otherwise disassemble
+		std::size_t mapped_entry_point = address_mapper(next_entry_point);
+		if(mapped_entry_point >= memory.size())
+			partial_disassembly.disassembly.outward_calls.insert(next_entry_point);
+		else
+			Disassembler::AddToDisassembly(partial_disassembly, memory, address_mapper, next_entry_point);
+	}
+
+	return partial_disassembly.disassembly;
+}
+
+}
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* Kernel_hpp */

Analyser/Static/Disassembler/Z80.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,619 @@
+//
+//  Z80.cpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 30/12/2017.
+//  Copyright © 2017 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include "Z80.hpp"
+
+#include "Kernel.hpp"
+
+using namespace Analyser::Static::Z80;
+namespace  {
+
+using PartialDisassembly = Analyser::Static::Disassembly::PartialDisassembly<Disassembly, uint16_t>;
+
+class Accessor {
+	public:
+		Accessor(const std::vector<uint8_t> &memory, const std::function<std::size_t(uint16_t)> &address_mapper, uint16_t address) :
+			memory_(memory), address_mapper_(address_mapper), address_(address) {}
+
+		uint8_t byte() {
+			std::size_t mapped_address = address_mapper_(address_);
+			address_++;
+			if(mapped_address >= memory_.size()) {
+				overrun_ = true;
+				return 0xff;
+			}
+			return memory_[mapped_address];
+		}
+
+		uint16_t word() {
+			uint8_t low = byte();
+			uint8_t high = byte();
+			return static_cast<uint16_t>(low | (high << 8));
+		}
+
+		bool overrun() {
+			return overrun_;
+		}
+
+		bool at_end() {
+			std::size_t mapped_address = address_mapper_(address_);
+			return mapped_address >= memory_.size();
+		}
+
+		uint16_t address() {
+			return address_;
+		}
+
+	private:
+		const std::vector<uint8_t> &memory_;
+		const std::function<std::size_t(uint16_t)> &address_mapper_;
+		uint16_t address_;
+		bool overrun_ = false;
+};
+
+#define x(v) (v >> 6)
+#define y(v) ((v >> 3) & 7)
+#define q(v) ((v >> 3) & 1)
+#define p(v) ((v >> 4) & 3)
+#define z(v) (v & 7)
+
+Instruction::Condition condition_table[] = {
+	Instruction::Condition::NZ, 	Instruction::Condition::Z,
+	Instruction::Condition::NC, 	Instruction::Condition::C,
+	Instruction::Condition::PO, 	Instruction::Condition::PE,
+	Instruction::Condition::P,		Instruction::Condition::M
+};
+
+Instruction::Location register_pair_table[] = {
+	Instruction::Location::BC,
+	Instruction::Location::DE,
+	Instruction::Location::HL,
+	Instruction::Location::SP
+};
+
+Instruction::Location register_pair_table2[] = {
+	Instruction::Location::BC,
+	Instruction::Location::DE,
+	Instruction::Location::HL,
+	Instruction::Location::AF
+};
+
+Instruction::Location RegisterTableEntry(int offset, Accessor &accessor, Instruction &instruction, bool needs_indirect_offset) {
+	Instruction::Location register_table[] = {
+		Instruction::Location::B,	Instruction::Location::C,
+		Instruction::Location::D,	Instruction::Location::E,
+		Instruction::Location::H,	Instruction::Location::L,
+		Instruction::Location::HL_Indirect,
+		Instruction::Location::A
+	};
+
+	Instruction::Location location = register_table[offset];
+	if(location == Instruction::Location::HL_Indirect && needs_indirect_offset) {
+		instruction.offset = accessor.byte() - 128;
+	}
+
+	return location;
+}
+
+Instruction::Operation alu_table[] = {
+	Instruction::Operation::ADD,
+	Instruction::Operation::ADC,
+	Instruction::Operation::SUB,
+	Instruction::Operation::SBC,
+	Instruction::Operation::AND,
+	Instruction::Operation::XOR,
+	Instruction::Operation::OR,
+	Instruction::Operation::CP
+};
+
+Instruction::Operation rotation_table[] = {
+	Instruction::Operation::RLC,
+	Instruction::Operation::RRC,
+	Instruction::Operation::RL,
+	Instruction::Operation::RR,
+	Instruction::Operation::SLA,
+	Instruction::Operation::SRA,
+	Instruction::Operation::SLL,
+	Instruction::Operation::SRL
+};
+
+Instruction::Operation block_table[][4] = {
+	{Instruction::Operation::LDI, Instruction::Operation::CPI, Instruction::Operation::INI, Instruction::Operation::OUTI},
+	{Instruction::Operation::LDD, Instruction::Operation::CPD, Instruction::Operation::IND, Instruction::Operation::OUTD},
+	{Instruction::Operation::LDIR, Instruction::Operation::CPIR, Instruction::Operation::INIR, Instruction::Operation::OTIR},
+	{Instruction::Operation::LDDR, Instruction::Operation::CPDR, Instruction::Operation::INDR, Instruction::Operation::OTDR},
+};
+
+void DisassembleCBPage(Accessor &accessor, Instruction &instruction, bool needs_indirect_offset) {
+	const uint8_t operation = accessor.byte();
+
+	if(!x(operation)) {
+		instruction.operation = rotation_table[y(operation)];
+		instruction.source = instruction.destination = RegisterTableEntry(z(operation), accessor, instruction, needs_indirect_offset);
+	} else {
+		instruction.destination = RegisterTableEntry(z(operation), accessor, instruction, needs_indirect_offset);
+		instruction.source = Instruction::Location::Operand;
+		instruction.operand = y(operation);
+
+		switch(x(operation)) {
+			case 1:	instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::BIT;	break;
+			case 2:	instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::RES;	break;
+			case 3:	instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::SET;	break;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void DisassembleEDPage(Accessor &accessor, Instruction &instruction, bool needs_indirect_offset) {
+	const uint8_t operation = accessor.byte();
+
+	switch(x(operation)) {
+		default:
+			instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::Invalid;
+		break;
+		case 2:
+			if(z(operation) < 4 && y(operation) >= 4) {
+				instruction.operation = block_table[y(operation)-4][z(operation)];
+			} else {
+				instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::Invalid;
+			}
+		break;
+		case 3:
+			switch(z(operation)) {
+				case 0:
+					instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::IN;
+					instruction.source = Instruction::Location::BC_Indirect;
+					if(y(operation) == 6) {
+						instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::None;
+					} else {
+						instruction.destination = RegisterTableEntry(y(operation), accessor, instruction, needs_indirect_offset);
+					}
+				break;
+				case 1:
+					instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::OUT;
+					instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::BC_Indirect;
+					if(y(operation) == 6) {
+						instruction.source = Instruction::Location::None;
+					} else {
+						instruction.source = RegisterTableEntry(y(operation), accessor, instruction, needs_indirect_offset);
+					}
+				break;
+				case 2:
+					instruction.operation = (y(operation)&1) ? Instruction::Operation::ADC : Instruction::Operation::SBC;
+					instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::HL;
+					instruction.source = register_pair_table[y(operation) >> 1];
+				break;
+				case 3:
+					instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::LD;
+					if(q(operation)) {
+						instruction.destination = RegisterTableEntry(p(operation), accessor, instruction, needs_indirect_offset);
+						instruction.source = Instruction::Location::Operand_Indirect;
+					} else {
+						instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::Operand_Indirect;
+						instruction.source = RegisterTableEntry(p(operation), accessor, instruction, needs_indirect_offset);
+					}
+					instruction.operand = accessor.word();
+				break;
+				case 4:
+					instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::NEG;
+				break;
+				case 5:
+					instruction.operation = (y(operation) == 1) ? Instruction::Operation::RETI : Instruction::Operation::RETN;
+				break;
+				case 6:
+					instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::IM;
+					instruction.source = Instruction::Location::Operand;
+					switch(y(operation)&3) {
+						case 0:	instruction.operand = 0;	break;
+						case 1:	instruction.operand = 0;	break;
+						case 2:	instruction.operand = 1;	break;
+						case 3:	instruction.operand = 2;	break;
+					}
+				break;
+				case 7:
+					switch(y(operation)) {
+						case 0:
+							instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::LD;
+							instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::I;
+							instruction.source = Instruction::Location::A;
+						break;
+						case 1:
+							instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::LD;
+							instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::R;
+							instruction.source = Instruction::Location::A;
+						break;
+						case 2:
+							instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::LD;
+							instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::A;
+							instruction.source = Instruction::Location::I;
+						break;
+						case 3:
+							instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::LD;
+							instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::A;
+							instruction.source = Instruction::Location::R;
+						break;
+						case 4:		instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::RRD;	break;
+						case 5:		instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::RLD;	break;
+						default:	instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::NOP;	break;
+					}
+				break;
+			}
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+void DisassembleMainPage(Accessor &accessor, Instruction &instruction) {
+	bool needs_indirect_offset = false;
+	enum HLSubstitution {
+		None, IX, IY
+	} hl_substitution = None;
+
+	while(true) {
+		uint8_t operation = accessor.byte();
+
+		switch(x(operation)) {
+			case 0:
+				switch(z(operation)) {
+					case 0:
+						switch(y(operation)) {
+							case 0: instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::NOP;		break;
+							case 1: instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::EXAFAFd;	break;
+							case 2:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::DJNZ;
+								instruction.operand = accessor.byte() - 128;
+							break;
+							default:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::JR;
+								instruction.operand = accessor.byte() - 128;
+								if(y(operation) >= 4) instruction.condition = condition_table[y(operation) - 4];
+							break;
+						}
+					break;
+					case 1:
+						if(y(operation)&1) {
+							instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::ADD;
+							instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::HL;
+							instruction.source = register_pair_table[y(operation) >> 1];
+						} else {
+							instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::LD;
+							instruction.destination = register_pair_table[y(operation) >> 1];
+							instruction.source = Instruction::Location::Operand;
+							instruction.operand = accessor.word();
+						}
+					break;
+					case 2:
+						switch(y(operation)) {
+							case 0:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::LD;
+								instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::BC_Indirect;
+								instruction.source = Instruction::Location::A;
+							break;
+							case 1:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::LD;
+								instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::A;
+								instruction.source = Instruction::Location::BC_Indirect;
+							break;
+							case 2:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::LD;
+								instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::DE_Indirect;
+								instruction.source = Instruction::Location::A;
+							break;
+							case 3:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::LD;
+								instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::A;
+								instruction.source = Instruction::Location::DE_Indirect;
+							break;
+							case 4:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::LD;
+								instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::Operand_Indirect;
+								instruction.source = Instruction::Location::HL;
+							break;
+							case 5:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::LD;
+								instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::HL;
+								instruction.source = Instruction::Location::Operand_Indirect;
+							break;
+							case 6:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::LD;
+								instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::Operand_Indirect;
+								instruction.source = Instruction::Location::A;
+							break;
+							case 7:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::LD;
+								instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::A;
+								instruction.source = Instruction::Location::Operand_Indirect;
+							break;
+						}
+
+						if(y(operation) > 3) {
+							instruction.operand = accessor.word();
+						}
+					break;
+					case 3:
+						if(y(operation)&1) {
+							instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::DEC;
+						} else {
+							instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::INC;
+						}
+						instruction.source = instruction.destination = register_pair_table[y(operation) >> 1];
+					break;
+					case 4:
+						instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::INC;
+						instruction.source = instruction.destination = RegisterTableEntry(y(operation), accessor, instruction, needs_indirect_offset);
+					break;
+					case 5:
+						instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::DEC;
+						instruction.source = instruction.destination = RegisterTableEntry(y(operation), accessor, instruction, needs_indirect_offset);
+					break;
+					case 6:
+						instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::LD;
+						instruction.destination = RegisterTableEntry(y(operation), accessor, instruction, needs_indirect_offset);
+						instruction.source = Instruction::Location::Operand;
+						instruction.operand = accessor.byte();
+					break;
+					case 7:
+						switch(y(operation)) {
+							case 0:	instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::RLCA;	break;
+							case 1:	instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::RRCA;	break;
+							case 2:	instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::RLA;	break;
+							case 3:	instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::RRA;	break;
+							case 4:	instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::DAA;	break;
+							case 5:	instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::CPL;	break;
+							case 6:	instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::SCF;	break;
+							case 7:	instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::CCF;	break;
+						}
+					break;
+				}
+			break;
+			case 1:
+				if(y(operation) == 6 && z(operation) == 6) {
+					instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::HALT;
+				} else {
+					instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::LD;
+					instruction.source = RegisterTableEntry(z(operation), accessor, instruction, needs_indirect_offset);
+					instruction.destination = RegisterTableEntry(y(operation), accessor, instruction, needs_indirect_offset);
+				}
+			break;
+			case 2:
+				instruction.operation = alu_table[y(operation)];
+				instruction.source = RegisterTableEntry(z(operation), accessor, instruction, needs_indirect_offset);
+				instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::A;
+			break;
+			case 3:
+				switch(z(operation)) {
+					case 0:
+						instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::RET;
+						instruction.condition = condition_table[y(operation)];
+					break;
+					case 1:
+						switch(y(operation)) {
+							default:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::POP;
+								instruction.source = register_pair_table2[y(operation) >> 1];
+							break;
+							case 1:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::RET;
+							break;
+							case 3:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::EXX;
+							break;
+							case 5:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::JP;
+								instruction.source = Instruction::Location::HL;
+							break;
+							case 7:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::LD;
+								instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::SP;
+								instruction.source = Instruction::Location::HL;
+							break;
+						}
+					break;
+					case 2:
+						instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::JP;
+						instruction.condition = condition_table[y(operation)];
+						instruction.operand = accessor.word();
+					break;
+					case 3:
+						switch(y(operation)) {
+							case 0:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::JP;
+								instruction.source = Instruction::Location::Operand;
+								instruction.operand = accessor.word();
+							break;
+							case 1:
+								DisassembleCBPage(accessor, instruction, needs_indirect_offset);
+							break;
+							case 2:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::OUT;
+								instruction.source = Instruction::Location::A;
+								instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::Operand_Indirect;
+								instruction.operand = accessor.byte();
+							break;
+							case 3:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::IN;
+								instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::A;
+								instruction.source = Instruction::Location::Operand_Indirect;
+								instruction.operand = accessor.byte();
+							break;
+							case 4:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::EX;
+								instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::SP_Indirect;
+								instruction.source = Instruction::Location::HL;
+							break;
+							case 5:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::EX;
+								instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::DE;
+								instruction.source = Instruction::Location::HL;
+							break;
+							case 6:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::DI;
+							break;
+							case 7:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::EI;
+							break;
+						}
+					break;
+					case 4:
+						instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::CALL;
+						instruction.source = Instruction::Location::Operand_Indirect;
+						instruction.operand = accessor.word();
+						instruction.condition = condition_table[y(operation)];
+					break;
+					case 5:
+						switch(y(operation)) {
+							default:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::PUSH;
+								instruction.source = register_pair_table2[y(operation) >> 1];
+							break;
+							case 1:
+								instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::CALL;
+								instruction.source = Instruction::Location::Operand;
+								instruction.operand = accessor.word();
+							break;
+							case 3:
+								needs_indirect_offset = true;
+								hl_substitution = IX;
+							continue;	// i.e. repeat loop.
+							case 5:
+								DisassembleEDPage(accessor, instruction, needs_indirect_offset);
+							break;
+							case 7:
+								needs_indirect_offset = true;
+								hl_substitution = IY;
+							continue;	// i.e. repeat loop.
+						}
+					break;
+					case 6:
+						instruction.operation = alu_table[y(operation)];
+						instruction.source = Instruction::Location::Operand;
+						instruction.destination = Instruction::Location::A;
+						instruction.operand = accessor.byte();
+					break;
+					case 7:
+						instruction.operation = Instruction::Operation::RST;
+						instruction.source = Instruction::Location::Operand;
+						instruction.operand = y(operation) << 3;
+					break;
+				}
+			break;
+		}
+
+		// This while(true) isn't an infinite loop for everything except those paths that opt in
+		// via continue.
+		break;
+	}
+
+	// Perform IX/IY substitution for HL, if applicable.
+	if(hl_substitution != None) {
+		// EX DE, HL is not affected.
+		if(instruction.operation == Instruction::Operation::EX) return;
+
+		// If an (HL) is involved, switch it for IX+d or IY+d.
+		if(	instruction.source == Instruction::Location::HL_Indirect ||
+			instruction.destination == Instruction::Location::HL_Indirect) {
+
+			if(instruction.source == Instruction::Location::HL_Indirect) {
+				instruction.source = (hl_substitution == IX) ? Instruction::Location::IX_Indirect_Offset : Instruction::Location::IY_Indirect_Offset;
+			}
+			if(instruction.destination == Instruction::Location::HL_Indirect) {
+				instruction.destination = (hl_substitution == IX) ? Instruction::Location::IX_Indirect_Offset : Instruction::Location::IY_Indirect_Offset;
+			}
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Otherwise, switch either of H or L for I[X/Y]h and I[X/Y]l.
+		if(instruction.source == Instruction::Location::H) {
+			instruction.source = (hl_substitution == IX) ? Instruction::Location::IXh : Instruction::Location::IYh;
+		}
+		if(instruction.source == Instruction::Location::L) {
+			instruction.source = (hl_substitution == IX) ? Instruction::Location::IXl : Instruction::Location::IYl;
+		}
+		if(instruction.destination == Instruction::Location::H) {
+			instruction.destination = (hl_substitution == IX) ? Instruction::Location::IXh : Instruction::Location::IYh;
+		}
+		if(instruction.destination == Instruction::Location::L) {
+			instruction.destination = (hl_substitution == IX) ? Instruction::Location::IXl : Instruction::Location::IYl;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+struct Z80Disassembler {
+	static void AddToDisassembly(PartialDisassembly &disassembly, const std::vector<uint8_t> &memory, const std::function<std::size_t(uint16_t)> &address_mapper, uint16_t entry_point) {
+		disassembly.disassembly.internal_calls.insert(entry_point);
+		Accessor accessor(memory, address_mapper, entry_point);
+
+		while(!accessor.at_end()) {
+			Instruction instruction;
+			instruction.address = accessor.address();
+
+			DisassembleMainPage(accessor, instruction);
+
+			// If any memory access was invalid, end disassembly.
+			if(accessor.overrun()) return;
+
+			// Store the instruction away.
+			disassembly.disassembly.instructions_by_address[instruction.address] = instruction;
+
+			// Update access tables.
+			int access_type =
+				((instruction.source == Instruction::Location::Operand_Indirect) ? 1 : 0) |
+				((instruction.destination == Instruction::Location::Operand_Indirect) ? 2 : 0);
+			uint16_t address = static_cast<uint16_t>(instruction.operand);
+			bool is_internal = address_mapper(address) < memory.size();
+			switch(access_type) {
+				default: break;
+				case 1:
+					if(is_internal) {
+						disassembly.disassembly.internal_loads.insert(address);
+					} else {
+						disassembly.disassembly.external_loads.insert(address);
+					}
+				break;
+				case 2:
+					if(is_internal) {
+						disassembly.disassembly.internal_stores.insert(address);
+					} else {
+						disassembly.disassembly.external_stores.insert(address);
+					}
+				break;
+				case 3:
+					if(is_internal) {
+						disassembly.disassembly.internal_modifies.insert(address);
+					} else {
+						disassembly.disassembly.internal_modifies.insert(address);
+					}
+				break;
+			}
+
+			// Add any (potentially) newly discovered entry point.
+			if(	instruction.operation == Instruction::Operation::JP ||
+				instruction.operation == Instruction::Operation::JR ||
+				instruction.operation == Instruction::Operation::CALL ||
+				instruction.operation == Instruction::Operation::RST) {
+				disassembly.remaining_entry_points.push_back(static_cast<uint16_t>(instruction.operand));
+			}
+
+			// This is it if: an unconditional RET, RETI, RETN, JP or JR is found.
+			if(instruction.condition != Instruction::Condition::None)	continue;
+
+			if(instruction.operation == Instruction::Operation::RET)	return;
+			if(instruction.operation == Instruction::Operation::RETI)	return;
+			if(instruction.operation == Instruction::Operation::RETN)	return;
+			if(instruction.operation == Instruction::Operation::JP)		return;
+			if(instruction.operation == Instruction::Operation::JR)		return;
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+}	// end of anonymous namespace
+
+Disassembly Analyser::Static::Z80::Disassemble(
+	const std::vector<uint8_t> &memory,
+	const std::function<std::size_t(uint16_t)> &address_mapper,
+	std::vector<uint16_t> entry_points) {
+	return Analyser::Static::Disassembly::Disassemble<Disassembly, uint16_t, Z80Disassembler>(memory, address_mapper, entry_points);
+}

Analyser/Static/Disassembler/Z80.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+//
+//  Z80.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 30/12/2017.
+//  Copyright © 2017 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef StaticAnalyser_Disassembler_Z80_hpp
+#define StaticAnalyser_Disassembler_Z80_hpp
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
+namespace Z80 {
+
+struct Instruction {
+	/*! The address this instruction starts at. This is a mapped address. */
+	uint16_t address = 0;
+
+	/*! The operation this instruction performs. */
+	enum class Operation {
+		NOP,
+		EXAFAFd, EXX, EX,
+		LD, HALT,
+		ADD, ADC, SUB, SBC, AND, XOR, OR, CP,
+		INC, DEC,
+		RLCA, RRCA, RLA, RRA, DAA, CPL, SCF, CCF,
+		RLD, RRD,
+		DJNZ, JR, JP, CALL, RST, RET, RETI, RETN,
+		PUSH, POP,
+		IN, OUT,
+		EI, DI,
+		RLC, RRC, RL, RR, SLA, SRA, SLL, SRL,
+		BIT, RES, SET,
+		LDI, CPI, INI, OUTI,
+		LDD, CPD, IND, OUTD,
+		LDIR, CPIR, INIR, OTIR,
+		LDDR, CPDR, INDR, OTDR,
+		NEG,
+		IM,
+		Invalid
+	} operation = Operation::NOP;
+
+	/*! The condition required for this instruction to take effect. */
+	enum class Condition {
+		None, NZ, Z, NC, C, PO, PE, P, M
+	} condition = Condition::None;
+
+	enum class Location {
+		B, C, D, E, H, L, HL_Indirect, A, I, R,
+		BC, DE, HL, SP, AF, Operand,
+		IX_Indirect_Offset, IY_Indirect_Offset, IXh, IXl, IYh, IYl,
+		Operand_Indirect,
+		BC_Indirect, DE_Indirect, SP_Indirect,
+		None
+	};
+	/*! The locations of source data for this instruction. */
+	Location source = Location::None;
+	/*! The locations of destination data from this instruction. */
+	Location destination = Location::None;
+	/*! The operand, if any; if this is used then it'll be referenced by either the source or destination location. */
+	int operand = 0;
+	/*! The offset to apply, if any; applies to IX_Indirect_Offset and IY_Indirect_Offset locations. */
+	int offset = 0;
+};
+
+struct Disassembly {
+	std::map<uint16_t, Instruction> instructions_by_address;
+	std::set<uint16_t> outward_calls;
+	std::set<uint16_t> internal_calls;
+	std::set<uint16_t> external_stores, external_loads, external_modifies;
+	std::set<uint16_t> internal_stores, internal_loads, internal_modifies;
+};
+
+Disassembly Disassemble(
+	const std::vector<uint8_t> &memory,
+	const std::function<std::size_t(uint16_t)> &address_mapper,
+	std::vector<uint16_t> entry_points);
+
+}
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* StaticAnalyser_Disassembler_Z80_hpp */

Analyser/Static/MSX/Cartridge.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//
+//  Cartridge.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 25/01/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef Cartridge_hpp
+#define Cartridge_hpp
+
+#include "../../../Storage/Cartridge/Cartridge.hpp"
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
+namespace MSX {
+
+/*!
+	Extends the base cartridge class by adding a (guess at) the banking scheme.
+*/
+struct Cartridge: public ::Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge {
+	enum Type {
+		None,
+		Konami,
+		KonamiWithSCC,
+		ASCII8kb,
+		ASCII16kb,
+		FMPac
+	};
+	const Type type;
+
+	Cartridge(const std::vector<Segment> &segments, Type type) :
+		Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge(segments), type(type) {}
+};
+
+}
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* Cartridge_hpp */

Analyser/Static/MSX/StaticAnalyser.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+//
+//  StaticAnalyser.cpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 25/11/2017.
+//  Copyright © 2017 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include "StaticAnalyser.hpp"
+
+#include "Cartridge.hpp"
+#include "Tape.hpp"
+#include "Target.hpp"
+
+#include "../Disassembler/Z80.hpp"
+#include "../Disassembler/AddressMapper.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+static std::unique_ptr<Analyser::Static::Target> CartridgeTarget(
+	const Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment &segment,
+	uint16_t start_address,
+	Analyser::Static::MSX::Cartridge::Type type,
+	float confidence) {
+
+	// Size down to a multiple of 8kb in size and apply the start address.
+	std::vector<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment> output_segments;
+	if(segment.data.size() & 0x1fff) {
+		std::vector<uint8_t> truncated_data;
+		std::vector<uint8_t>::difference_type truncated_size = static_cast<std::vector<uint8_t>::difference_type>(segment.data.size()) & ~0x1fff;
+		truncated_data.insert(truncated_data.begin(), segment.data.begin(), segment.data.begin() + truncated_size);
+		output_segments.emplace_back(start_address, truncated_data);
+	} else {
+		output_segments.emplace_back(start_address, segment.data);
+	}
+
+	std::unique_ptr<Analyser::Static::MSX::Target> target(new Analyser::Static::MSX::Target);
+	target->machine = Analyser::Machine::MSX;
+	target->confidence = confidence;
+
+	if(type == Analyser::Static::MSX::Cartridge::Type::None) {
+		target->media.cartridges.emplace_back(new Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge(output_segments));
+	} else {
+		target->media.cartridges.emplace_back(new Analyser::Static::MSX::Cartridge(output_segments, type));
+	}
+
+	return target;
+}
+
+/*
+	Expected standard cartridge format:
+
+		DEFB "AB" ; expansion ROM header
+		DEFW initcode ; start of the init code, 0 if no initcode
+		DEFW callstat; pointer to CALL statement handler, 0 if no such handler
+		DEFW device; pointer to expansion device handler, 0 if no such handler
+		DEFW basic ; pointer to the start of a tokenized basicprogram, 0 if no basicprogram
+		DEFS 6,0 ; room reserved for future extensions
+
+	MSX cartridges often include banking hardware; those games were marketed as MegaROMs. The file
+	format that the MSX community has decided upon doesn't retain the type of hardware included, so
+	this analyser has to guess.
+
+	(additional audio hardware is also sometimes included, but it's implied by the banking hardware)
+*/
+static std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Analyser::Static::Target>> CartridgeTargetsFrom(
+	const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge>> &cartridges) {
+	// No cartridges implies no targets.
+	if(cartridges.empty()) {
+		return {};
+	}
+
+	std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Analyser::Static::Target>> targets;
+	for(const auto &cartridge : cartridges) {
+		const auto &segments = cartridge->get_segments();
+
+		// Only one mapped item is allowed.
+		if(segments.size() != 1) continue;
+
+		// Which must be no more than 63 bytes larger than a multiple of 8 kb in size.
+		Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge::Segment segment = segments.front();
+		const size_t data_size = segment.data.size();
+		if(data_size < 0x2000 || (data_size & 0x1fff) > 64) continue;
+
+		// Check for a ROM header at address 0; if it's not found then try 0x4000
+		// and adjust the start address;
+		uint16_t start_address = 0;
+		bool found_start = false;
+		if(segment.data[0] == 0x41 && segment.data[1] == 0x42) {
+			start_address = 0x4000;
+			found_start = true;
+		} else if(segment.data.size() >= 0x8000 && segment.data[0x4000] == 0x41 && segment.data[0x4001] == 0x42) {
+			start_address = 0;
+			found_start = true;
+		}
+
+		// Reject cartridge if the ROM header wasn't found.
+		if(!found_start) continue;
+
+		uint16_t init_address = static_cast<uint16_t>(segment.data[2] | (segment.data[3] << 8));
+		// TODO: check for a rational init address?
+
+		// If this ROM is less than 48kb in size then it's an ordinary ROM. Just emplace it and move on.
+		if(data_size <= 0xc000) {
+			targets.emplace_back(CartridgeTarget(segment, start_address, Analyser::Static::MSX::Cartridge::Type::None, 1.0));
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// If this ROM is greater than 48kb in size then some sort of MegaROM scheme must
+		// be at play; disassemble to try to figure it out.
+		std::vector<uint8_t> first_8k;
+		first_8k.insert(first_8k.begin(), segment.data.begin(), segment.data.begin() + 8192);
+		Analyser::Static::Z80::Disassembly disassembly =
+			Analyser::Static::Z80::Disassemble(
+				first_8k,
+				Analyser::Static::Disassembler::OffsetMapper(start_address),
+				{ init_address }
+			);
+
+//		// Look for a indirect store followed by an unconditional JP or CALL into another
+//		// segment, that's a fairly explicit sign where found.
+		using Instruction = Analyser::Static::Z80::Instruction;
+		std::map<uint16_t, Instruction> &instructions = disassembly.instructions_by_address;
+		bool is_ascii = false;
+//		auto iterator = instructions.begin();
+//		while(iterator != instructions.end()) {
+//			auto next_iterator = iterator;
+//			next_iterator++;
+//			if(next_iterator == instructions.end()) break;
+//
+//			if(	iterator->second.operation == Instruction::Operation::LD &&
+//				iterator->second.destination == Instruction::Location::Operand_Indirect &&
+//				(
+//					iterator->second.operand == 0x5000 ||
+//					iterator->second.operand == 0x6000 ||
+//					iterator->second.operand == 0x6800 ||
+//					iterator->second.operand == 0x7000 ||
+//					iterator->second.operand == 0x77ff ||
+//					iterator->second.operand == 0x7800 ||
+//					iterator->second.operand == 0x8000 ||
+//					iterator->second.operand == 0x9000 ||
+//					iterator->second.operand == 0xa000
+//				) &&
+//				(
+//					next_iterator->second.operation == Instruction::Operation::CALL ||
+//					next_iterator->second.operation == Instruction::Operation::JP
+//				) &&
+//				((next_iterator->second.operand >> 13) != (0x4000 >> 13))
+//			) {
+//				const uint16_t address = static_cast<uint16_t>(next_iterator->second.operand);
+//				switch(iterator->second.operand) {
+//					case 0x6000:
+//						if(address >= 0x6000 && address < 0x8000) {
+//							target.msx.cartridge_type = Analyser::Static::MSXCartridgeType::KonamiWithSCC;
+//						}
+//					break;
+//					case 0x6800:
+//						if(address >= 0x6000 && address < 0x6800) {
+//							target.msx.cartridge_type = Analyser::Static::MSXCartridgeType::ASCII8kb;
+//						}
+//					break;
+//					case 0x7000:
+//						if(address >= 0x6000 && address < 0x8000) {
+//							target.msx.cartridge_type = Analyser::Static::MSXCartridgeType::KonamiWithSCC;
+//						}
+//						if(address >= 0x7000 && address < 0x7800) {
+//							is_ascii = true;
+//						}
+//					break;
+//					case 0x77ff:
+//						if(address >= 0x7000 && address < 0x7800) {
+//							target.msx.cartridge_type = Analyser::Static::MSXCartridgeType::ASCII16kb;
+//						}
+//					break;
+//					case 0x7800:
+//						if(address >= 0xa000 && address < 0xc000) {
+//							target.msx.cartridge_type = Analyser::Static::MSXCartridgeType::ASCII8kb;
+//						}
+//					break;
+//					case 0x8000:
+//						if(address >= 0x8000 && address < 0xa000) {
+//							target.msx.cartridge_type = Analyser::Static::MSXCartridgeType::KonamiWithSCC;
+//						}
+//					break;
+//					case 0x9000:
+//						if(address >= 0x8000 && address < 0xa000) {
+//							target.msx.cartridge_type = Analyser::Static::MSXCartridgeType::KonamiWithSCC;
+//						}
+//					break;
+//					case 0xa000:
+//						if(address >= 0xa000 && address < 0xc000) {
+//							target.msx.cartridge_type = Analyser::Static::MSXCartridgeType::Konami;
+//						}
+//					break;
+//					case 0xb000:
+//						if(address >= 0xa000 && address < 0xc000) {
+//							target.msx.cartridge_type = Analyser::Static::MSXCartridgeType::KonamiWithSCC;
+//						}
+//					break;
+//				}
+//			}
+//
+//			iterator = next_iterator;
+
+		// Look for LD (nnnn), A instructions, and collate those addresses.
+		std::map<uint16_t, int> address_counts;
+		for(const auto &instruction_pair : instructions) {
+			if(	instruction_pair.second.operation == Instruction::Operation::LD &&
+				instruction_pair.second.destination == Instruction::Location::Operand_Indirect &&
+				instruction_pair.second.source == Instruction::Location::A) {
+				address_counts[static_cast<uint16_t>(instruction_pair.second.operand)]++;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Weight confidences by number of observed hits.
+		float total_hits =
+			static_cast<float>(
+				address_counts[0x6000] + address_counts[0x6800] +
+				address_counts[0x7000] + address_counts[0x7800] +
+				address_counts[0x77ff] + address_counts[0x8000] +
+				address_counts[0xa000] + address_counts[0x5000] +
+				address_counts[0x9000] + address_counts[0xb000]
+			);
+
+		targets.push_back(CartridgeTarget(
+			segment,
+			start_address,
+			Analyser::Static::MSX::Cartridge::ASCII8kb,
+			static_cast<float>(	address_counts[0x6000] +
+								address_counts[0x6800] +
+								address_counts[0x7000] +
+								address_counts[0x7800]) / total_hits));
+		targets.push_back(CartridgeTarget(
+			segment,
+			start_address,
+			Analyser::Static::MSX::Cartridge::ASCII16kb,
+			static_cast<float>(	address_counts[0x6000] +
+								address_counts[0x7000] +
+								address_counts[0x77ff]) / total_hits));
+		if(!is_ascii) {
+			targets.push_back(CartridgeTarget(
+				segment,
+				start_address,
+				Analyser::Static::MSX::Cartridge::Konami,
+				static_cast<float>(	address_counts[0x6000] +
+									address_counts[0x8000] +
+									address_counts[0xa000]) / total_hits));
+		}
+		if(!is_ascii) {
+			targets.push_back(CartridgeTarget(
+				segment,
+				start_address,
+				Analyser::Static::MSX::Cartridge::KonamiWithSCC,
+				static_cast<float>(	address_counts[0x5000] +
+									address_counts[0x7000] +
+									address_counts[0x9000] +
+									address_counts[0xb000]) / total_hits));
+		}
+	}
+
+	return targets;
+}
+
+void Analyser::Static::MSX::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<::Analyser::Static::Target>> &destination) {
+	// Append targets for any cartridges that look correct.
+	auto cartridge_targets = CartridgeTargetsFrom(media.cartridges);
+	std::move(cartridge_targets.begin(), cartridge_targets.end(), std::back_inserter(destination));
+
+	// Consider building a target for disks and/or tapes.
+	std::unique_ptr<Target> target(new Target);
+
+	// Check tapes for loadable files.
+	for(const auto &tape : media.tapes) {
+		std::vector<File> files_on_tape = GetFiles(tape);
+		if(!files_on_tape.empty()) {
+			switch(files_on_tape.front().type) {
+				case File::Type::ASCII:				target->loading_command = "RUN\"CAS:\r";		break;
+				case File::Type::TokenisedBASIC:	target->loading_command = "CLOAD\rRUN\r";		break;
+				case File::Type::Binary:			target->loading_command = "BLOAD\"CAS:\",R\r";	break;
+				default: break;
+			}
+			target->media.tapes.push_back(tape);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Blindly accept disks for now.
+	target->media.disks = media.disks;
+	target->has_disk_drive = !media.disks.empty();
+
+	if(!target->media.empty()) {
+		target->machine = Machine::MSX;
+		target->confidence = 0.5;
+		destination.push_back(std::move(target));
+	}
+}

Analyser/Static/MSX/StaticAnalyser.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//
+//  StaticAnalyser.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 25/11/2017.
+//  Copyright © 2017 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef StaticAnalyser_MSX_StaticAnalyser_hpp
+#define StaticAnalyser_MSX_StaticAnalyser_hpp
+
+#include "../StaticAnalyser.hpp"
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
+namespace MSX {
+
+void AddTargets(const Media &media, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Target>> &destination);
+
+}
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* StaticAnalyser_MSX_StaticAnalyser_hpp */

Analyser/Static/MSX/Tape.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+//
+//  Tape.cpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 25/12/2017.
+//  Copyright © 2017 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include "Tape.hpp"
+
+#include "../../../Storage/Tape/Parsers/MSX.hpp"
+
+using namespace Analyser::Static::MSX;
+
+File::File(File &&rhs) :
+	name(std::move(rhs.name)),
+	type(rhs.type),
+	data(std::move(rhs.data)),
+	starting_address(rhs.starting_address),
+	entry_address(rhs.entry_address) {}
+
+File::File() :
+	type(Type::Binary),
+	starting_address(0),
+	entry_address(0) {}	// For the sake of initialising in a defined state.
+
+std::vector<File> Analyser::Static::MSX::GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Tape::Tape> &tape) {
+	std::vector<File> files;
+
+	Storage::Tape::BinaryTapePlayer tape_player(1000000);
+	tape_player.set_motor_control(true);
+	tape_player.set_tape(tape);
+
+	using Parser = Storage::Tape::MSX::Parser;
+
+	// Get all recognisable files from the tape.
+	while(!tape->is_at_end()) {
+		// Try to locate and measure a header.
+		std::unique_ptr<Parser::FileSpeed> file_speed = Parser::find_header(tape_player);
+		if(!file_speed) continue;
+
+		// Check whether what follows is a recognisable file type.
+		uint8_t header[10] = {0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff};
+		for(std::size_t c = 0; c < sizeof(header); ++c) {
+			int next_byte = Parser::get_byte(*file_speed, tape_player);
+			if(next_byte == -1) break;
+			header[c] = static_cast<uint8_t>(next_byte);
+		}
+
+		bool bytes_are_same = true;
+		for(std::size_t c = 1; c < sizeof(header); ++c)
+			bytes_are_same &= (header[c] == header[0]);
+
+		if(!bytes_are_same) continue;
+		if(header[0] != 0xd0 && header[0] != 0xd3 && header[0] != 0xea) continue;
+
+		File file;
+
+		// Determine file type from information already collected.
+		switch(header[0]) {
+			case 0xd0:	file.type = File::Type::Binary;			break;
+			case 0xd3:	file.type = File::Type::TokenisedBASIC;	break;
+			case 0xea:	file.type = File::Type::ASCII;			break;
+			default: break;	// Unreachable.
+		}
+
+		// Read file name.
+		char name[7];
+		for(std::size_t c = 1; c < 6; ++c)
+			name[c] = static_cast<char>(Parser::get_byte(*file_speed, tape_player));
+		name[6] = '\0';
+		file.name = name;
+
+		// ASCII: Read 256-byte segments until one ends with an end-of-file character.
+		if(file.type == File::Type::ASCII) {
+			while(true) {
+				file_speed = Parser::find_header(tape_player);
+				if(!file_speed) break;
+				int c = 256;
+				bool contains_end_of_file = false;
+				while(c--) {
+					int byte = Parser::get_byte(*file_speed, tape_player);
+					if(byte == -1) break;
+					contains_end_of_file |= (byte == 0x1a);
+					file.data.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(byte));
+				}
+				if(c != -1) break;
+				if(contains_end_of_file) {
+					files.push_back(std::move(file));
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// Read a single additional segment, using the information at the begging to determine length.
+		file_speed = Parser::find_header(tape_player);
+		if(!file_speed) continue;
+
+		// Binary: read start address, end address, entry address, then that many bytes.
+		if(file.type == File::Type::Binary) {
+			uint8_t locations[6];
+			uint16_t end_address;
+			std::size_t c;
+			for(c = 0; c < sizeof(locations); ++c) {
+				int byte = Parser::get_byte(*file_speed, tape_player);
+				if(byte == -1) break;
+				locations[c] = static_cast<uint8_t>(byte);
+			}
+			if(c != sizeof(locations)) continue;
+
+			file.starting_address = static_cast<uint16_t>(locations[0] | (locations[1] << 8));
+			end_address = static_cast<uint16_t>(locations[2] | (locations[3] << 8));
+			file.entry_address = static_cast<uint16_t>(locations[4] | (locations[5] << 8));
+
+			if(end_address < file.starting_address) continue;
+
+			std::size_t length = end_address - file.starting_address;
+			while(length--) {
+				int byte = Parser::get_byte(*file_speed, tape_player);
+				if(byte == -1) continue;
+				file.data.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(byte));
+			}
+
+			files.push_back(std::move(file));
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// Tokenised BASIC, then: keep following 'next line' links from a hypothetical start of
+		// 0x8001, until finding the final line.
+		uint16_t current_address = 0x8001;
+		while(current_address) {
+			int next_address_buffer[2];
+			next_address_buffer[0] = Parser::get_byte(*file_speed, tape_player);
+			next_address_buffer[1] = Parser::get_byte(*file_speed, tape_player);
+
+			if(next_address_buffer[0] == -1 || next_address_buffer[1] == -1) break;
+			file.data.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(next_address_buffer[0]));
+			file.data.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(next_address_buffer[1]));
+
+			uint16_t next_address = static_cast<uint16_t>(next_address_buffer[0] | (next_address_buffer[1] << 8));
+			if(!next_address) {
+				files.push_back(std::move(file));
+				break;
+			}
+			if(next_address < current_address+2) break;
+
+			// This line makes sense, so push it all in.
+			std::size_t length = next_address - current_address - 2;
+			current_address = next_address;
+			bool found_error = false;
+			while(length--) {
+				int byte = Parser::get_byte(*file_speed, tape_player);
+				if(byte == -1) {
+					found_error = true;
+					break;
+				}
+				file.data.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(byte));
+			}
+			if(found_error) break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return files;
+}

Analyser/Static/MSX/Tape.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+//
+//  Tape.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 25/12/2017.
+//  Copyright © 2017 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef StaticAnalyser_MSX_Tape_hpp
+#define StaticAnalyser_MSX_Tape_hpp
+
+#include "../../../Storage/Tape/Tape.hpp"
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
+namespace MSX {
+
+struct File {
+	std::string name;
+	enum Type {
+		Binary,
+		TokenisedBASIC,
+		ASCII
+	} type;
+
+	std::vector<uint8_t> data;
+
+	uint16_t starting_address;	// Provided only for Type::Binary files.
+	uint16_t entry_address;		// Provided only for Type::Binary files.
+
+	File(File &&rhs);
+	File();
+};
+
+std::vector<File> GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Tape::Tape> &tape);
+
+}
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* StaticAnalyser_MSX_Tape_hpp */

Analyser/Static/MSX/Target.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//
+//  Target.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 02/04/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef Analyser_Static_MSX_Target_h
+#define Analyser_Static_MSX_Target_h
+
+#include "../StaticAnalyser.hpp"
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
+namespace MSX {
+
+struct Target: public ::Analyser::Static::Target {
+	bool has_disk_drive = false;
+};
+
+}
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* Analyser_Static_MSX_Target_h */

Analyser/Static/Oric/StaticAnalyser.cpp

@@ -9,11 +9,18 @@
 #include "StaticAnalyser.hpp"
 
 #include "Tape.hpp"
-#include "../Disassembler/Disassembler6502.hpp"
+#include "Target.hpp"
 
-using namespace StaticAnalyser::Oric;
+#include "../Disassembler/6502.hpp"
+#include "../Disassembler/AddressMapper.hpp"
 
-static int Score(const StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Disassembly &disassembly, const std::set<uint16_t> &rom_functions, const std::set<uint16_t> &variable_locations) {
+#include "../../../Storage/Disk/Encodings/MFM/Parser.hpp"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+using namespace Analyser::Static::Oric;
+
+static int Score(const Analyser::Static::MOS6502::Disassembly &disassembly, const std::set<uint16_t> &rom_functions, const std::set<uint16_t> &variable_locations) {
 	int score = 0;
 
 	for(auto address : disassembly.outward_calls)	score += (rom_functions.find(address) != rom_functions.end()) ? 1 : -1;
@@ -23,7 +30,7 @@ static int Score(const StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Disassembly &disassembly, const
 	return score;
 }
 
-static int Basic10Score(const StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Disassembly &disassembly) {
+static int Basic10Score(const Analyser::Static::MOS6502::Disassembly &disassembly) {
 	std::set<uint16_t> rom_functions = {
 		0x0228,	0x022b,
 		0xc3ca,	0xc3f8,	0xc448,	0xc47c,	0xc4b5,	0xc4e3,	0xc4e0,	0xc524,	0xc56f,	0xc5a2,	0xc5f8,	0xc60a,	0xc6a5,	0xc6de,	0xc719,	0xc738,
@@ -47,7 +54,7 @@ static int Basic10Score(const StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Disassembly &disassembly)
 	return Score(disassembly, rom_functions, variable_locations);
 }
 
-static int Basic11Score(const StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Disassembly &disassembly) {
+static int Basic11Score(const Analyser::Static::MOS6502::Disassembly &disassembly) {
 	std::set<uint16_t> rom_functions = {
 		0x0238,	0x023b,	0x023e,	0x0241,	0x0244,	0x0247,
 		0xc3c6,	0xc3f4,	0xc444,	0xc47c,	0xc4a8,	0xc4d3,	0xc4e0,	0xc524,	0xc55f,	0xc592,	0xc5e8,	0xc5fa,	0xc692,	0xc6b3,	0xc6ee,	0xc70d,
@@ -72,23 +79,44 @@ static int Basic11Score(const StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Disassembly &disassembly)
 	return Score(disassembly, rom_functions, variable_locations);
 }
 
-void StaticAnalyser::Oric::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target> &destination) {
+static bool IsMicrodisc(Storage::Encodings::MFM::Parser &parser) {
-	Target target;
+	/*
-	target.machine = Target::Oric;
+		The Microdisc boot sector is sector 2 of track 0 and contains a 23-byte signature.
-	target.probability = 1.0;
+	*/
+	Storage::Encodings::MFM::Sector *sector = parser.get_sector(0, 0, 2);
+	if(!sector) return false;
+	if(sector->samples.empty()) return false;
+
+	const std::vector<uint8_t> &first_sample = sector->samples[0];
+	if(first_sample.size() != 256) return false;
+
+	const uint8_t signature[] = {
+		0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xD0, 0x9F, 0xD0,
+		0x9F, 0x02, 0xB9, 0x01, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00,
+		0x00, 0xB9, 0xE4, 0xB9, 0x00, 0x00, 0xE6,
+		0x12, 0x00
+	};
+
+	return !std::memcmp(signature, first_sample.data(), sizeof(signature));
+}
+
+void Analyser::Static::Oric::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Analyser::Static::Target>> &destination) {
+	std::unique_ptr<Target> target(new Target);
+	target->machine = Machine::Oric;
+	target->confidence = 0.5;
 
 	int basic10_votes = 0;
 	int basic11_votes = 0;
 
 	for(auto &tape : media.tapes) {
-		std::list<File> tape_files = GetFiles(tape);
+		std::vector<File> tape_files = GetFiles(tape);
 		tape->reset();
 		if(tape_files.size()) {
 			for(auto file : tape_files) {
 				if(file.data_type == File::MachineCode) {
 					std::vector<uint16_t> entry_points = {file.starting_address};
-					StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Disassembly disassembly =
+					Analyser::Static::MOS6502::Disassembly disassembly =
-						StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::Disassemble(file.data, StaticAnalyser::MOS6502::OffsetMapper(file.starting_address), entry_points);
+						Analyser::Static::MOS6502::Disassemble(file.data, Analyser::Static::Disassembler::OffsetMapper(file.starting_address), entry_points);
 
 					int basic10_score = Basic10Score(disassembly);
 					int basic11_score = Basic11Score(disassembly);
@@ -96,23 +124,28 @@ void StaticAnalyser::Oric::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target> &des
 				}
 			}
 
-			target.media.tapes.push_back(tape);
+			target->media.tapes.push_back(tape);
-			target.loadingCommand = "CLOAD\"\"\n";
+			target->loading_command = "CLOAD\"\"\n";
 		}
 	}
 
-	// trust that any disk supplied can be handled by the Microdisc. TODO: check.
 	if(!media.disks.empty()) {
-		target.oric.has_microdisc = true;
+		// Only the Microdisc is emulated right now, so accept only disks that it can boot from.
-		target.media.disks = media.disks;
+		for(const auto &disk: media.disks) {
+			Storage::Encodings::MFM::Parser parser(true, disk);
+			if(IsMicrodisc(parser)) {
+				target->has_microdrive = true;
+				target->media.disks.push_back(disk);
+			}
+		}
 	} else {
-		target.oric.has_microdisc = false;
+		target->has_microdrive = false;
 	}
 
 	// TODO: really this should add two targets if not all votes agree
-	target.oric.use_atmos_rom = basic11_votes >= basic10_votes;
+	target->use_atmos_rom = basic11_votes >= basic10_votes;
-	if(target.oric.has_microdisc) target.oric.use_atmos_rom = true;
+	if(target->has_microdrive) target->use_atmos_rom = true;
 
-	if(target.media.tapes.size() || target.media.disks.size() || target.media.cartridges.size())
+	if(target->media.tapes.size() || target->media.disks.size() || target->media.cartridges.size())
-		destination.push_back(target);
+		destination.push_back(std::move(target));
 }

Analyser/Static/Oric/StaticAnalyser.hpp

@@ -11,13 +11,14 @@
 
 #include "../StaticAnalyser.hpp"
 
-namespace StaticAnalyser {
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
 namespace Oric {
 
-void AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target> &destination);
+void AddTargets(const Media &media, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Target>> &destination);
 
 }
 }
-
+}
 
 #endif /* StaticAnalyser_hpp */

Analyser/Static/Oric/Tape.cpp

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
 //
 
 #include "Tape.hpp"
-#include "../../Storage/Tape/Parsers/Oric.hpp"
+#include "../../../Storage/Tape/Parsers/Oric.hpp"
 
-using namespace StaticAnalyser::Oric;
+using namespace Analyser::Static::Oric;
 
-std::list<File> StaticAnalyser::Oric::GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Tape::Tape> &tape) {
+std::vector<File> Analyser::Static::Oric::GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Tape::Tape> &tape) {
-	std::list<File> files;
+	std::vector<File> files;
 	Storage::Tape::Oric::Parser parser;
 
 	while(!tape->is_at_end()) {
@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ std::list<File> StaticAnalyser::Oric::GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Ta
 		new_file.name = file_name;
 
 		// read body
-		size_t body_length = new_file.ending_address - new_file.starting_address + 1;
+		std::size_t body_length = new_file.ending_address - new_file.starting_address + 1;
 		new_file.data.reserve(body_length);
-		for(size_t c = 0; c < body_length; c++) {
+		for(std::size_t c = 0; c < body_length; c++) {
 			new_file.data.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(parser.get_next_byte(tape, is_fast)));
 		}
 

Analyser/Static/Oric/Tape.hpp

@@ -9,12 +9,13 @@
 #ifndef StaticAnalyser_Oric_Tape_hpp
 #define StaticAnalyser_Oric_Tape_hpp
 
-#include "../../Storage/Tape/Tape.hpp"
+#include "../../../Storage/Tape/Tape.hpp"
-#include <list>
+
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-namespace StaticAnalyser {
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
 namespace Oric {
 
 struct File {
@@ -30,8 +31,9 @@ struct File {
 	std::vector<uint8_t> data;
 };
 
-std::list<File> GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Tape::Tape> &tape);
+std::vector<File> GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Tape::Tape> &tape);
 
+}
 }
 }
 

Analyser/Static/Oric/Target.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//
+//  Target.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 09/03/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef Analyser_Static_Oric_Target_h
+#define Analyser_Static_Oric_Target_h
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
+namespace Oric {
+
+struct Target: public ::Analyser::Static::Target {
+	bool use_atmos_rom = false;
+	bool has_microdrive = false;
+};
+
+}
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* Analyser_Static_Oric_Target_h */

Analyser/Static/StaticAnalyser.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+//
+//  StaticAnalyser.cpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 23/08/2016.
+//  Copyright © 2016 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include "StaticAnalyser.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+
+// Analysers
+#include "Acorn/StaticAnalyser.hpp"
+#include "AmstradCPC/StaticAnalyser.hpp"
+#include "Atari/StaticAnalyser.hpp"
+#include "Coleco/StaticAnalyser.hpp"
+#include "Commodore/StaticAnalyser.hpp"
+#include "MSX/StaticAnalyser.hpp"
+#include "Oric/StaticAnalyser.hpp"
+#include "ZX8081/StaticAnalyser.hpp"
+
+// Cartridges
+#include "../../Storage/Cartridge/Formats/BinaryDump.hpp"
+#include "../../Storage/Cartridge/Formats/PRG.hpp"
+
+// Disks
+#include "../../Storage/Disk/DiskImage/Formats/AcornADF.hpp"
+#include "../../Storage/Disk/DiskImage/Formats/CPCDSK.hpp"
+#include "../../Storage/Disk/DiskImage/Formats/D64.hpp"
+#include "../../Storage/Disk/DiskImage/Formats/G64.hpp"
+#include "../../Storage/Disk/DiskImage/Formats/DMK.hpp"
+#include "../../Storage/Disk/DiskImage/Formats/HFE.hpp"
+#include "../../Storage/Disk/DiskImage/Formats/MSXDSK.hpp"
+#include "../../Storage/Disk/DiskImage/Formats/OricMFMDSK.hpp"
+#include "../../Storage/Disk/DiskImage/Formats/SSD.hpp"
+
+// Tapes
+#include "../../Storage/Tape/Formats/CAS.hpp"
+#include "../../Storage/Tape/Formats/CommodoreTAP.hpp"
+#include "../../Storage/Tape/Formats/CSW.hpp"
+#include "../../Storage/Tape/Formats/OricTAP.hpp"
+#include "../../Storage/Tape/Formats/TapePRG.hpp"
+#include "../../Storage/Tape/Formats/TapeUEF.hpp"
+#include "../../Storage/Tape/Formats/TZX.hpp"
+#include "../../Storage/Tape/Formats/ZX80O81P.hpp"
+
+// Target Platform Types
+#include "../../Storage/TargetPlatforms.hpp"
+
+using namespace Analyser::Static;
+
+static Media GetMediaAndPlatforms(const std::string &file_name, TargetPlatform::IntType &potential_platforms) {
+	Media result;
+
+	// Get the extension, if any; it will be assumed that extensions are reliable, so an extension is a broad-phase
+	// test as to file format.
+	std::string::size_type final_dot = file_name.find_last_of(".");
+	if(final_dot == std::string::npos) return result;
+	std::string extension = file_name.substr(final_dot + 1);
+	std::transform(extension.begin(), extension.end(), extension.begin(), ::tolower);
+
+#define Insert(list, class, platforms) \
+	list.emplace_back(new Storage::class(file_name));\
+	potential_platforms |= platforms;\
+	TargetPlatform::TypeDistinguisher *distinguisher = dynamic_cast<TargetPlatform::TypeDistinguisher *>(list.back().get());\
+	if(distinguisher) potential_platforms &= distinguisher->target_platform_type();
+
+#define TryInsert(list, class, platforms) \
+	try {\
+		Insert(list, class, platforms) \
+	} catch(...) {}
+
+#define Format(ext, list, class, platforms) \
+	if(extension == ext)	{		\
+		TryInsert(list, class, platforms)	\
+	}
+
+	Format("80", result.tapes, Tape::ZX80O81P, TargetPlatform::ZX8081)										// 80
+	Format("81", result.tapes, Tape::ZX80O81P, TargetPlatform::ZX8081)										// 81
+	Format("a26", result.cartridges, Cartridge::BinaryDump, TargetPlatform::Atari2600)						// A26
+	Format("adf", result.disks, Disk::DiskImageHolder<Storage::Disk::AcornADF>, TargetPlatform::Acorn)		// ADF
+	Format("bin", result.cartridges, Cartridge::BinaryDump, TargetPlatform::AllCartridge)					// BIN
+	Format("cas", result.tapes, Tape::CAS, TargetPlatform::MSX)												// CAS
+	Format("cdt", result.tapes, Tape::TZX, TargetPlatform::AmstradCPC)										// CDT
+	Format("col", result.cartridges, Cartridge::BinaryDump, TargetPlatform::ColecoVision)					// COL
+	Format("csw", result.tapes, Tape::CSW, TargetPlatform::AllTape)											// CSW
+	Format("d64", result.disks, Disk::DiskImageHolder<Storage::Disk::D64>, TargetPlatform::Commodore)		// D64
+	Format("dmk", result.disks, Disk::DiskImageHolder<Storage::Disk::DMK>, TargetPlatform::MSX)				// DMK
+	Format("dsd", result.disks, Disk::DiskImageHolder<Storage::Disk::SSD>, TargetPlatform::Acorn)			// DSD
+	Format("dsk", result.disks, Disk::DiskImageHolder<Storage::Disk::CPCDSK>, TargetPlatform::AmstradCPC)	// DSK (Amstrad CPC)
+	Format("dsk", result.disks, Disk::DiskImageHolder<Storage::Disk::MSXDSK>, TargetPlatform::MSX)			// DSK (MSX)
+	Format("dsk", result.disks, Disk::DiskImageHolder<Storage::Disk::OricMFMDSK>, TargetPlatform::Oric)		// DSK (Oric)
+	Format("g64", result.disks, Disk::DiskImageHolder<Storage::Disk::G64>, TargetPlatform::Commodore)		// G64
+	Format(	"hfe",
+			result.disks,
+			Disk::DiskImageHolder<Storage::Disk::HFE>,
+			TargetPlatform::Acorn | TargetPlatform::AmstradCPC | TargetPlatform::Commodore | TargetPlatform::Oric)
+			// HFE (TODO: switch to AllDisk once the MSX stops being so greedy)
+	Format("o", result.tapes, Tape::ZX80O81P, TargetPlatform::ZX8081)										// O
+	Format("p", result.tapes, Tape::ZX80O81P, TargetPlatform::ZX8081)										// P
+	Format("p81", result.tapes, Tape::ZX80O81P, TargetPlatform::ZX8081)										// P81
+
+	// PRG
+	if(extension == "prg") {
+		// try instantiating as a ROM; failing that accept as a tape
+		try {
+			Insert(result.cartridges, Cartridge::PRG, TargetPlatform::Commodore)
+		} catch(...) {
+			try {
+				Insert(result.tapes, Tape::PRG, TargetPlatform::Commodore)
+			} catch(...) {}
+		}
+	}
+
+	Format(	"rom",
+			result.cartridges,
+			Cartridge::BinaryDump,
+			TargetPlatform::AcornElectron | TargetPlatform::ColecoVision | TargetPlatform::MSX)				// ROM
+	Format("ssd", result.disks, Disk::DiskImageHolder<Storage::Disk::SSD>, TargetPlatform::Acorn)			// SSD
+	Format("tap", result.tapes, Tape::CommodoreTAP, TargetPlatform::Commodore)								// TAP (Commodore)
+	Format("tap", result.tapes, Tape::OricTAP, TargetPlatform::Oric)										// TAP (Oric)
+	Format("tsx", result.tapes, Tape::TZX, TargetPlatform::MSX)												// TSX
+	Format("tzx", result.tapes, Tape::TZX, TargetPlatform::ZX8081)											// TZX
+	Format("uef", result.tapes, Tape::UEF, TargetPlatform::Acorn)											// UEF (tape)
+
+#undef Format
+#undef Insert
+#undef TryInsert
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+Media Analyser::Static::GetMedia(const std::string &file_name) {
+	TargetPlatform::IntType throwaway;
+	return GetMediaAndPlatforms(file_name, throwaway);
+}
+
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Target>> Analyser::Static::GetTargets(const std::string &file_name) {
+	std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Target>> targets;
+
+	// Collect all disks, tapes and ROMs as can be extrapolated from this file, forming the
+	// union of all platforms this file might be a target for.
+	TargetPlatform::IntType potential_platforms = 0;
+	Media media = GetMediaAndPlatforms(file_name, potential_platforms);
+
+	// Hand off to platform-specific determination of whether these things are actually compatible and,
+	// if so, how to load them.
+	if(potential_platforms & TargetPlatform::Acorn)			Acorn::AddTargets(media, targets);
+	if(potential_platforms & TargetPlatform::AmstradCPC)	AmstradCPC::AddTargets(media, targets);
+	if(potential_platforms & TargetPlatform::Atari2600)		Atari::AddTargets(media, targets);
+	if(potential_platforms & TargetPlatform::ColecoVision)	Coleco::AddTargets(media, targets);
+	if(potential_platforms & TargetPlatform::Commodore)		Commodore::AddTargets(media, targets, file_name);
+	if(potential_platforms & TargetPlatform::MSX)			MSX::AddTargets(media, targets);
+	if(potential_platforms & TargetPlatform::Oric)			Oric::AddTargets(media, targets);
+	if(potential_platforms & TargetPlatform::ZX8081)		ZX8081::AddTargets(media, targets, potential_platforms);
+
+	// Reset any tapes to their initial position
+	for(auto &target : targets) {
+		for(auto &tape : target->media.tapes) {
+			tape->reset();
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Sort by initial confidence. Use a stable sort in case any of the machine-specific analysers
+	// picked their insertion order carefully.
+	std::stable_sort(targets.begin(), targets.end(),
+        [] (const std::unique_ptr<Target> &a, const std::unique_ptr<Target> &b) {
+		    return a->confidence > b->confidence;
+	    });
+
+	return targets;
+}

Analyser/Static/StaticAnalyser.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+//
+//  StaticAnalyser.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 23/08/2016.
+//  Copyright © 2016 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef StaticAnalyser_hpp
+#define StaticAnalyser_hpp
+
+#include "../Machines.hpp"
+
+#include "../../Storage/Tape/Tape.hpp"
+#include "../../Storage/Disk/Disk.hpp"
+#include "../../Storage/Cartridge/Cartridge.hpp"
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
+
+/*!
+	A list of disks, tapes and cartridges.
+*/
+struct Media {
+	std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Disk::Disk>> disks;
+	std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Tape::Tape>> tapes;
+	std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Storage::Cartridge::Cartridge>> cartridges;
+
+	bool empty() const {
+		return disks.empty() && tapes.empty() && cartridges.empty();
+	}
+};
+
+/*!
+	A list of disks, tapes and cartridges plus information about the machine to which to attach them and its configuration,
+	and instructions on how to launch the software attached, plus a measure of confidence in this target's correctness.
+*/
+struct Target {
+	virtual ~Target() {}
+
+	Machine machine;
+	Media media;
+
+	float confidence;
+	std::string loading_command;
+};
+
+/*!
+	Attempts, through any available means, to return a list of potential targets for the file with the given name.
+
+	@returns The list of potential targets, sorted from most to least probable.
+*/
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Target>> GetTargets(const std::string &file_name);
+
+/*!
+	Inspects the supplied file and determines the media included.
+*/
+Media GetMedia(const std::string &file_name);
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* StaticAnalyser_hpp */

Analyser/Static/ZX8081/StaticAnalyser.cpp

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "../../Storage/Tape/Parsers/ZX8081.hpp"
+#include "Target.hpp"
+#include "../../../Storage/Tape/Parsers/ZX8081.hpp"
 
 static std::vector<Storage::Data::ZX8081::File> GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<Storage::Tape::Tape> &tape) {
 	std::vector<Storage::Data::ZX8081::File> files;
@@ -27,41 +28,41 @@ static std::vector<Storage::Data::ZX8081::File> GetFiles(const std::shared_ptr<S
 	return files;
 }
 
-void StaticAnalyser::ZX8081::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target> &destination, TargetPlatform::IntType potential_platforms) {
+void Analyser::Static::ZX8081::AddTargets(const Media &media, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<::Analyser::Static::Target>> &destination, TargetPlatform::IntType potential_platforms) {
 	if(!media.tapes.empty()) {
 		std::vector<Storage::Data::ZX8081::File> files = GetFiles(media.tapes.front());
 		media.tapes.front()->reset();
 		if(!files.empty()) {
-			StaticAnalyser::Target target;
+			Target *target = new Target;
-			target.machine = Target::ZX8081;
+			destination.push_back(std::unique_ptr<::Analyser::Static::Target>(target));
+			target->machine = Machine::ZX8081;
 
 			// Guess the machine type from the file only if it isn't already known.
 			switch(potential_platforms & (TargetPlatform::ZX80 | TargetPlatform::ZX81)) {
 				default:
-					target.zx8081.isZX81 = files.front().isZX81;
+					target->is_ZX81 = files.front().isZX81;
 				break;
 
-				case TargetPlatform::ZX80:	target.zx8081.isZX81 = false;	break;
+				case TargetPlatform::ZX80:	target->is_ZX81 = false;	break;
-				case TargetPlatform::ZX81:	target.zx8081.isZX81 = true;	break;
+				case TargetPlatform::ZX81:	target->is_ZX81 = true;		break;
 			}
 
 			/*if(files.front().data.size() > 16384) {
-				target.zx8081.memory_model = ZX8081MemoryModel::SixtyFourKB;
+				target->zx8081.memory_model = ZX8081MemoryModel::SixtyFourKB;
 			} else*/ if(files.front().data.size() > 1024) {
-				target.zx8081.memory_model = ZX8081MemoryModel::SixteenKB;
+				target->memory_model = Target::MemoryModel::SixteenKB;
 			} else {
-				target.zx8081.memory_model = ZX8081MemoryModel::Unexpanded;
+				target->memory_model = Target::MemoryModel::Unexpanded;
 			}
-			target.media.tapes = media.tapes;
+			target->media.tapes = media.tapes;
 
 			// TODO: how to run software once loaded? Might require a BASIC detokeniser.
-			if(target.zx8081.isZX81) {
+			if(target->is_ZX81) {
-				target.loadingCommand = "J\"\"\n";
+				target->loading_command = "J\"\"\n";
 			} else {
-				target.loadingCommand = "W\n";
+				target->loading_command = "W\n";
 			}
 
-			destination.push_back(target);
 		}
 	}
 }

Analyser/Static/ZX8081/StaticAnalyser.hpp

@@ -10,13 +10,15 @@
 #define StaticAnalyser_ZX8081_StaticAnalyser_hpp
 
 #include "../StaticAnalyser.hpp"
-#include "../../Storage/TargetPlatforms.hpp"
+#include "../../../Storage/TargetPlatforms.hpp"
 
-namespace StaticAnalyser {
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
 namespace ZX8081 {
 
-void AddTargets(const Media &media, std::list<Target> &destination, TargetPlatform::IntType potential_platforms);
+void AddTargets(const Media &media, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Target>> &destination, TargetPlatform::IntType potential_platforms);
 
+}
 }
 }
 

Analyser/Static/ZX8081/Target.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+//
+//  Target.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 09/03/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef Analyser_Static_ZX8081_Target_h
+#define Analyser_Static_ZX8081_Target_h
+
+#include "../StaticAnalyser.hpp"
+
+namespace Analyser {
+namespace Static {
+namespace ZX8081 {
+
+struct Target: public ::Analyser::Static::Target {
+	enum class MemoryModel {
+		Unexpanded,
+		SixteenKB,
+		SixtyFourKB
+	};
+
+	MemoryModel memory_model = MemoryModel::Unexpanded;
+	bool is_ZX81 = false;
+	bool ZX80_uses_ZX81_ROM = false;
+};
+
+}
+}
+}
+
+#endif /* Analyser_Static_ZX8081_Target_h */

BUILD.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+Linux, BSD
+==========
+
+Prerequisites are SDL 2, ZLib and OpenGL (or Mesa), and SCons for the provided build script. OpenGL 3.2 or better is required at runtime.
+
+Build:
+
+	cd OSBindings/SDL
+	scons
+
+Optionally:
+
+	cp clksignal /usr/bin
+
+To launch:
+
+	clksignal file
+
+Setting up clksignal as the associated program for supported file types in your favoured filesystem browser is recommended; it has no file navigation abilities of its own.
+
+Some emulated systems require the provision of original machine ROMs. These are not included and may be located in either /usr/local/share/CLK/ or /usr/share/CLK/. You will be prompted for them if they are found to be missing. The structure should mirror that under OSBindings in the source archive; see the readme.txt in each folder to determine the proper files and names ahead of time.
+
+macOS
+=====
+
+There are no prerequisites beyond the normal system libraries; the macOS build is a native Cocoa application.
+
+Build: open the Xcode project in OSBindings/Mac and press command+b.
+
+Machine ROMs are intended to be built into the application bundle; populate the dummy folders below ROMImages before building.

ClockReceiver/ClockReceiver.hpp

@@ -169,13 +169,20 @@ class HalfCycles: public WrappedInt<HalfCycles> {
 			return Cycles(length_ >> 1);
 		}
 
-		///Flushes the whole cycles in @c this, subtracting that many from the total stored here.
+		/// Flushes the whole cycles in @c this, subtracting that many from the total stored here.
 		inline Cycles flush_cycles() {
 			Cycles result(length_ >> 1);
 			length_ &= 1;
 			return result;
 		}
 
+		/// Flushes the half cycles in @c this, returning the number stored and setting this total to zero.
+		inline HalfCycles flush() {
+			HalfCycles result(length_);
+			length_ = 0;
+			return result;
+		}
+
 		/*!
 			Severs from @c this the effect of dividing by @c divisor — @c this will end up with
 			the value of @c this modulo @c divisor and @c divided by @c divisor is returned.

ClockReceiver/TimeTypes.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//
+//  TimeTypes.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 21/03/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef TimeTypes_h
+#define TimeTypes_h
+
+namespace Time {
+
+typedef double Seconds;
+
+}
+
+#endif /* TimeTypes_h */

Components/1770/1770.cpp

@@ -11,28 +11,10 @@
 
 using namespace WD;
 
-WD1770::Status::Status() :
-		type(Status::One),
-		write_protect(false),
-		record_type(false),
-		spin_up(false),
-		record_not_found(false),
-		crc_error(false),
-		seek_error(false),
-		lost_data(false),
-		data_request(false),
-		interrupt_request(false),
-		busy(false) {}
-
 WD1770::WD1770(Personality p) :
 		Storage::Disk::MFMController(8000000),
-		interesting_event_mask_(static_cast<int>(Event1770::Command)),
-		resume_point_(0),
-		delay_time_(0),
-		index_hole_count_target_(-1),
-		delegate_(nullptr),
 		personality_(p),
-		head_is_loaded_(false) {
+		interesting_event_mask_(static_cast<int>(Event1770::Command)) {
 	set_is_double_density(false);
 	posit_event(static_cast<int>(Event1770::Command));
 }
@@ -41,10 +23,16 @@ void WD1770::set_register(int address, uint8_t value) {
 	switch(address&3) {
 		case 0: {
 			if((value&0xf0) == 0xd0) {
+				if(value == 0xd0) {
+					// Force interrupt **immediately**.
+					printf("Force interrupt immediately\n");
+					posit_event(static_cast<int>(Event1770::ForceInterrupt));
+				} else {
 					printf("!!!TODO: force interrupt!!!\n");
 					update_status([] (Status &status) {
 						status.type = Status::One;
 					});
+				}
 			} else {
 				command_ = value;
 				posit_event(static_cast<int>(Event1770::Command));
@@ -129,7 +117,7 @@ void WD1770::run_for(const Cycles cycles) {
 #define WAIT_FOR_TIME(ms)		resume_point_ = __LINE__; delay_time_ = ms * 8000; WAIT_FOR_EVENT(Event1770::Timer);
 #define WAIT_FOR_BYTES(count)	resume_point_ = __LINE__; distance_into_section_ = 0; WAIT_FOR_EVENT(Event::Token); if(get_latest_token().type == Token::Byte) distance_into_section_++; if(distance_into_section_ < count) { interesting_event_mask_ = static_cast<int>(Event::Token); return; }
 #define BEGIN_SECTION()	switch(resume_point_) { default:
-#define END_SECTION()	0; }
+#define END_SECTION()	(void)0; }
 
 #define READ_ID()	\
 		if(new_event_type == static_cast<int>(Event::Token)) {	\
@@ -187,13 +175,23 @@ void WD1770::posit_event(int new_event_type) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if(new_event_type == static_cast<int>(Event1770::ForceInterrupt)) {
+		interesting_event_mask_ = 0;
+		resume_point_ = 0;
+		update_status([] (Status &status) {
+			status.type = Status::One;
+			status.data_request = false;
+		});
+	} else {
 		if(!(interesting_event_mask_ & static_cast<int>(new_event_type))) return;
 		interesting_event_mask_ &= ~new_event_type;
+	}
 
 	Status new_status;
 	BEGIN_SECTION()
 
 	// Wait for a new command, branch to the appropriate handler.
+	case 0:
 	wait_for_command:
 		printf("Idle...\n");
 		set_data_mode(DataMode::Scanning);
@@ -478,7 +476,7 @@ void WD1770::posit_event(int new_event_type) {
 				sector_++;
 				goto test_type2_write_protection;
 			}
-			printf("Read sector %d\n", sector_);
+			printf("Finished reading sector %d\n", sector_);
 			goto wait_for_command;
 		}
 		goto type2_check_crc;
@@ -674,7 +672,6 @@ void WD1770::posit_event(int new_event_type) {
 			status.lost_data = false;
 		});
 
-	write_track_test_write_protect:
 		if(get_drive().get_is_read_only()) {
 			update_status([] (Status &status) {
 				status.write_protect = true;

Components/1770/1770.hpp

@@ -85,20 +85,19 @@ class WD1770: public Storage::Disk::MFMController {
 		inline bool has_head_load_line() { return (personality_ == P1793 ); }
 
 		struct Status {
-			Status();
+			bool write_protect = false;
-			bool write_protect;
+			bool record_type = false;
-			bool record_type;
+			bool spin_up = false;
-			bool spin_up;
+			bool record_not_found = false;
-			bool record_not_found;
+			bool crc_error = false;
-			bool crc_error;
+			bool seek_error = false;
-			bool seek_error;
+			bool lost_data = false;
-			bool lost_data;
+			bool data_request = false;
-			bool data_request;
+			bool interrupt_request = false;
-			bool interrupt_request;
+			bool busy = false;
-			bool busy;
 			enum {
 				One, Two, Three
-			} type;
+			} type = One;
 		} status_;
 		uint8_t track_;
 		uint8_t sector_;
@@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ class WD1770: public Storage::Disk::MFMController {
 		uint8_t command_;
 
 		int index_hole_count_;
-		int index_hole_count_target_;
+		int index_hole_count_target_ = -1;
 		int distance_into_section_;
 
 		int step_direction_;
@@ -117,21 +116,22 @@ class WD1770: public Storage::Disk::MFMController {
 			Command			= (1 << 3),	// Indicates receipt of a new command.
 			HeadLoad		= (1 << 4),	// Indicates the head has been loaded (1973 only).
 			Timer			= (1 << 5),	// Indicates that the delay_time_-powered timer has timed out.
-			IndexHoleTarget	= (1 << 6)	// Indicates that index_hole_count_ has reached index_hole_count_target_.
+			IndexHoleTarget	= (1 << 6),	// Indicates that index_hole_count_ has reached index_hole_count_target_.
+			ForceInterrupt	= (1 << 7)	// Indicates a forced interrupt.
 		};
 		void posit_event(int type);
 		int interesting_event_mask_;
-		int resume_point_;
+		int resume_point_ = 0;
-		unsigned int delay_time_;
+		unsigned int delay_time_ = 0;
 
 		// ID buffer
 		uint8_t header_[6];
 
 		// 1793 head-loading logic
-		bool head_is_loaded_;
+		bool head_is_loaded_ = false;
 
 		// delegate
-		Delegate *delegate_;
+		Delegate *delegate_ = nullptr;
 };
 
 }

Components/6532/6532.hpp

@@ -121,12 +121,9 @@ template <class T> class MOS6532 {
 			}
 		}
 
-		MOS6532() :
+		MOS6532() {
-			interrupt_status_(0),
+			timer_.value = static_cast<unsigned int>((rand() & 0xff) << 10);
-			port_{{.output_mask = 0, .output = 0}, {.output_mask = 0, .output = 0}},
+		}
-			a7_interrupt_({.last_port_value = 0, .enabled = false}),
-			interrupt_line_(false),
-			timer_{.value = static_cast<unsigned int>((rand() & 0xff) << 10), .activeShift = 10, .writtenShift = 10, .interrupt_enabled = false} {}
 
 		inline void set_port_did_change(int port) {
 			if(!port) {
@@ -154,26 +151,26 @@ template <class T> class MOS6532 {
 
 		struct {
 			unsigned int value;
-			unsigned int activeShift, writtenShift;
+			unsigned int activeShift = 10, writtenShift = 10;
-			bool interrupt_enabled;
+			bool interrupt_enabled = false;
 		} timer_;
 
 		struct {
-			bool enabled;
+			bool enabled = false;
-			bool active_on_positive;
+			bool active_on_positive = false;
-			uint8_t last_port_value;
+			uint8_t last_port_value = 0;
 		} a7_interrupt_;
 
 		struct {
-			uint8_t output_mask, output;
+			uint8_t output_mask = 0, output = 0;
 		} port_[2];
 
-		uint8_t interrupt_status_;
+		uint8_t interrupt_status_ = 0;
 		enum InterruptFlag: uint8_t {
 			Timer = 0x80,
 			PA7 = 0x40
 		};
-		bool interrupt_line_;
+		bool interrupt_line_ = false;
 
 		// expected to be overridden
 		uint8_t get_port_input(int port)										{	return 0xff;	}

Components/6560/6560.cpp

@@ -8,22 +8,22 @@
 
 #include "6560.hpp"
 
+#include <cstring>
+
 using namespace MOS;
 
-Speaker::Speaker() :
+AudioGenerator::AudioGenerator(Concurrency::DeferringAsyncTaskQueue &audio_queue) :
-	volume_(0),
+	audio_queue_(audio_queue) {}
-	control_registers_{0, 0, 0, 0},
-	shift_registers_{0, 0, 0, 0},
-	counters_{2, 1, 0, 0} {}	// create a slight phase offset for the three channels
 
-void Speaker::set_volume(uint8_t volume) {
+
-	enqueue([=]() {
+void AudioGenerator::set_volume(uint8_t volume) {
-		volume_ = volume;
+	audio_queue_.defer([=]() {
+		volume_ = static_cast<int16_t>(volume) * range_multiplier_;
 	});
 }
 
-void Speaker::set_control(int channel, uint8_t value) {
+void AudioGenerator::set_control(int channel, uint8_t value) {
-	enqueue([=]() {
+	audio_queue_.defer([=]() {
 		control_registers_[channel] = value;
 	});
 }
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ static uint8_t noise_pattern[] = {
 // testing against 0x80. The effect should be the same: loading with 0x7f means an output update every cycle, loading with 0x7e
 // means every second cycle, etc.
 
-void Speaker::get_samples(unsigned int number_of_samples, int16_t *target) {
+void AudioGenerator::get_samples(std::size_t number_of_samples, int16_t *target) {
 	for(unsigned int c = 0; c < number_of_samples; c++) {
 		update(0, 2, shift);
 		update(1, 1, shift);
@@ -114,16 +114,16 @@ void Speaker::get_samples(unsigned int number_of_samples, int16_t *target) {
 
 		// this sums the output of all three sounds channels plus a DC offset for volume;
 		// TODO: what's the real ratio of this stuff?
-		target[c] = (
+		target[c] = static_cast<int16_t>(
 			(shift_registers_[0]&1) +
 			(shift_registers_[1]&1) +
 			(shift_registers_[2]&1) +
 			((noise_pattern[shift_registers_[3] >> 3] >> (shift_registers_[3]&7))&(control_registers_[3] >> 7)&1)
-		) * volume_ * 700 + volume_ * 44;
+		) * volume_ + (volume_ >> 4);
 	}
 }
 
-void Speaker::skip_samples(unsigned int number_of_samples) {
+void AudioGenerator::skip_samples(std::size_t number_of_samples) {
 	for(unsigned int c = 0; c < number_of_samples; c++) {
 		update(0, 2, shift);
 		update(1, 1, shift);
@@ -132,6 +132,10 @@ void Speaker::skip_samples(unsigned int number_of_samples) {
 	}
 }
 
+void AudioGenerator::set_sample_volume_range(std::int16_t range) {
+	range_multiplier_ = static_cast<int16_t>(range / 64);
+}
+
 #undef shift
 #undef increment
 #undef update

Components/6560/6560.hpp

@@ -9,28 +9,35 @@
 #ifndef _560_hpp
 #define _560_hpp
 
-#include "../../Outputs/CRT/CRT.hpp"
-#include "../../Outputs/Speaker.hpp"
 #include "../../ClockReceiver/ClockReceiver.hpp"
+#include "../../Concurrency/AsyncTaskQueue.hpp"
+#include "../../Outputs/CRT/CRT.hpp"
+#include "../../Outputs/Speaker/Implementation/LowpassSpeaker.hpp"
+#include "../../Outputs/Speaker/Implementation/SampleSource.hpp"
 
 namespace MOS {
 
 // audio state
-class Speaker: public ::Outputs::Filter<Speaker> {
+class AudioGenerator: public ::Outputs::Speaker::SampleSource {
 	public:
-		Speaker();
+		AudioGenerator(Concurrency::DeferringAsyncTaskQueue &audio_queue);
 
 		void set_volume(uint8_t volume);
 		void set_control(int channel, uint8_t value);
 
-		void get_samples(unsigned int number_of_samples, int16_t *target);
+		// For ::SampleSource.
-		void skip_samples(unsigned int number_of_samples);
+		void get_samples(std::size_t number_of_samples, int16_t *target);
+		void skip_samples(std::size_t number_of_samples);
+		void set_sample_volume_range(std::int16_t range);
 
 	private:
-		unsigned int counters_[4];
+		Concurrency::DeferringAsyncTaskQueue &audio_queue_;
-		unsigned int shift_registers_[4];
+
-		uint8_t control_registers_[4];
+		unsigned int counters_[4] = {2, 1, 0, 0}; 	// create a slight phase offset for the three channels
-		uint8_t volume_;
+		unsigned int shift_registers_[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+		uint8_t control_registers_[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+		int16_t volume_ = 0;
+		int16_t range_multiplier_ = 1;
 };
 
 /*!
@@ -44,33 +51,42 @@ class Speaker: public ::Outputs::Filter<Speaker> {
 template <class T> class MOS6560 {
 	public:
 		MOS6560() :
-				crt_(new Outputs::CRT::CRT(65*4, 4, Outputs::CRT::NTSC60, 2)),
+				crt_(new Outputs::CRT::CRT(65*4, 4, Outputs::CRT::DisplayType::NTSC60, 2)),
-				speaker_(new Speaker),
+				audio_generator_(audio_queue_),
-				horizontal_counter_(0),
+				speaker_(audio_generator_)
-				vertical_counter_(0),
+		{
-				cycles_since_speaker_update_(0),
+			crt_->set_svideo_sampling_function(
-				is_odd_frame_(false),
+				"vec2 svideo_sample(usampler2D texID, vec2 coordinate, vec2 iCoordinate, float phase)"
-				is_odd_line_(false) {
-			crt_->set_composite_sampling_function(
-				"float composite_sample(usampler2D texID, vec2 coordinate, vec2 iCoordinate, float phase, float amplitude)"
 				"{"
 					"vec2 yc = texture(texID, coordinate).rg / vec2(255.0);"
-					"float phaseOffset = 6.283185308 * 2.0 * yc.y;"
 
-					"float chroma = cos(phase + phaseOffset);"
+					"float phaseOffset = 6.283185308 * 2.0 * yc.y;"
-					"return mix(yc.x, step(yc.y, 0.75) * chroma, amplitude);"
+					"float chroma = step(yc.y, 0.75) * cos(phase + phaseOffset);"
+
+					"return vec2(yc.x, chroma);"
 				"}");
 
+			// default to s-video output
+			crt_->set_video_signal(Outputs::CRT::VideoSignal::SVideo);
+
 			// default to NTSC
 			set_output_mode(OutputMode::NTSC);
 		}
 
-		void set_clock_rate(double clock_rate) {
+		~MOS6560() {
-			speaker_->set_input_rate(static_cast<float>(clock_rate / 4.0));
+			audio_queue_.flush();
 		}
 
-		std::shared_ptr<Outputs::CRT::CRT> get_crt() { return crt_; }
+		void set_clock_rate(double clock_rate) {
-		std::shared_ptr<Outputs::Speaker> get_speaker() { return speaker_; }
+			speaker_.set_input_rate(static_cast<float>(clock_rate / 4.0));
+		}
+
+		Outputs::CRT::CRT *get_crt() { return crt_.get(); }
+		Outputs::Speaker::Speaker *get_speaker() { return &speaker_; }
+
+		void set_high_frequency_cutoff(float cutoff) {
+			speaker_.set_high_frequency_cutoff(cutoff);
+		}
 
 		enum OutputMode {
 			PAL, NTSC
@@ -82,36 +98,36 @@ template <class T> class MOS6560 {
 		void set_output_mode(OutputMode output_mode) {
 			output_mode_ = output_mode;
 
-			// Lumunances are encoded trivially: on a 0–255 scale.
+			// Luminances are encoded trivially: on a 0–255 scale.
 			const uint8_t luminances[16] = {
-				0,		255,	109,	189,
+				0,		255,	60,		189,
-				199,	144,	159,	161,
+				80,		144,	40,		227,
-				126,	227,	227,	207,
+				90,		161,	207,	227,
-				235,	173,	188,	196
+				200,	196,	160,	196
 			};
 
 			// Chrominances are encoded such that 0–128 is a complete revolution of phase;
 			// anything above 191 disables the colour subcarrier. Phase is relative to the
 			// colour burst, so 0 is green.
 			const uint8_t pal_chrominances[16] = {
-				255,	255,	40,		112,
+				255,	255,	37,		101,
-				8,		88,		120,	56,
+				19,		86,		123,	59,
-				40,		48,		40,		112,
+				46,		53,		37,		101,
-				8,		88,		120,	56,
+				19,		86,		123,	59,
 			};
 			const uint8_t ntsc_chrominances[16] = {
-				255,	255,	8,		72,
+				255,	255,	7,		71,
-				32,		88,		48,		112,
+				25,		86,		48,		112,
-				0,		0,		8,		72,
+				0,		119,	7,		71,
-				32,		88,		48,		112,
+				25,		86,		48,		112,
 			};
 			const uint8_t *chrominances;
 			Outputs::CRT::DisplayType display_type;
 
 			switch(output_mode) {
-				case OutputMode::PAL:
+				default:
 					chrominances = pal_chrominances;
-					display_type = Outputs::CRT::PAL50;
+					display_type = Outputs::CRT::DisplayType::PAL50;
 					timing_.cycles_per_line = 71;
 					timing_.line_counter_increment_offset = 0;
 					timing_.lines_per_progressive_field = 312;
@@ -120,7 +136,7 @@ template <class T> class MOS6560 {
 
 				case OutputMode::NTSC:
 					chrominances = ntsc_chrominances;
-					display_type = Outputs::CRT::NTSC60;
+					display_type = Outputs::CRT::DisplayType::NTSC60;
 					timing_.cycles_per_line = 65;
 					timing_.line_counter_increment_offset = 65 - 33;	// TODO: this is a bit of a hack; separate vertical and horizontal counting
 					timing_.lines_per_progressive_field = 261;
@@ -129,16 +145,15 @@ template <class T> class MOS6560 {
 			}
 
 			crt_->set_new_display_type(static_cast<unsigned int>(timing_.cycles_per_line*4), display_type);
-			crt_->set_visible_area(Outputs::CRT::Rect(0.05f, 0.05f, 0.9f, 0.9f));
 
-//			switch(output_mode) {
+			switch(output_mode) {
-//				case OutputMode::PAL:
+				case OutputMode::PAL:
-//					crt_->set_visible_area(crt_->get_rect_for_area(16, 237, 15*4, 55*4, 4.0f / 3.0f));
+					crt_->set_visible_area(Outputs::CRT::Rect(0.1f, 0.05f, 0.9f, 0.9f));
-//				break;
+				break;
-//				case OutputMode::NTSC:
+				case OutputMode::NTSC:
-//					crt_->set_visible_area(crt_->get_rect_for_area(16, 237, 11*4, 55*4, 4.0f / 3.0f));
+					crt_->set_visible_area(Outputs::CRT::Rect(0.05f, 0.05f, 0.9f, 0.9f));
-//				break;
+				break;
-//			}
+			}
 
 			for(int c = 0; c < 16; c++) {
 				uint8_t *colour = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&colours_[c]);
@@ -325,7 +340,10 @@ template <class T> class MOS6560 {
 		/*!
 			Causes the 6560 to flush as much pending CRT and speaker communications as possible.
 		*/
-		inline void flush() { update_audio(); speaker_->flush(); }
+		inline void flush() {
+			update_audio();
+			audio_queue_.perform();
+		}
 
 		/*!
 			Writes to a 6560 register.
@@ -363,13 +381,13 @@ template <class T> class MOS6560 {
 				case 0xc:
 				case 0xd:
 					update_audio();
-					speaker_->set_control(address - 0xa, value);
+					audio_generator_.set_control(address - 0xa, value);
 				break;
 
 				case 0xe:
 					update_audio();
 					registers_.auxiliary_colour = colours_[value >> 4];
-					speaker_->set_volume(value & 0xf);
+					audio_generator_.set_volume(value & 0xf);
 				break;
 
 				case 0xf: {
@@ -405,12 +423,15 @@ template <class T> class MOS6560 {
 		}
 
 	private:
-		std::shared_ptr<Outputs::CRT::CRT> crt_;
+		std::unique_ptr<Outputs::CRT::CRT> crt_;
+
+		Concurrency::DeferringAsyncTaskQueue audio_queue_;
+		AudioGenerator audio_generator_;
+		Outputs::Speaker::LowpassSpeaker<AudioGenerator> speaker_;
 
-		std::shared_ptr<Speaker> speaker_;
 		Cycles cycles_since_speaker_update_;
 		void update_audio() {
-			speaker_->run_for(Cycles(cycles_since_speaker_update_.divide(Cycles(4))));
+			speaker_.run_for(audio_queue_, Cycles(cycles_since_speaker_update_.divide(Cycles(4))));
 		}
 
 		// register state
@@ -432,7 +453,7 @@ template <class T> class MOS6560 {
 		unsigned int cycles_in_state_;
 
 		// counters that cover an entire field
-		int horizontal_counter_, vertical_counter_, full_frame_counter_;
+		int horizontal_counter_ = 0, vertical_counter_ = 0, full_frame_counter_;
 
 		// latches dictating start and length of drawing
 		bool vertical_drawing_latch_, horizontal_drawing_latch_;
@@ -447,7 +468,7 @@ template <class T> class MOS6560 {
 		// data latched from the bus
 		uint8_t character_code_, character_colour_, character_value_;
 
-		bool is_odd_frame_, is_odd_line_;
+		bool is_odd_frame_ = false, is_odd_line_ = false;
 
 		// lookup table from 6560 colour index to appropriate PAL/NTSC value
 		uint16_t colours_[16];

Components/8255/i8255.hpp

@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ template <class T> class i8255 {
 
 	private:
 		void update_outputs() {
-			port_handler_.set_value(0, outputs_[0]);
+			if(!(control_ & 0x10)) port_handler_.set_value(0, outputs_[0]);
-			port_handler_.set_value(1, outputs_[1]);
+			if(!(control_ & 0x02)) port_handler_.set_value(1, outputs_[1]);
 			port_handler_.set_value(2, outputs_[2]);
 		}
 

Components/8272/i8272.cpp

@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ uint8_t i8272::get_register(int address) {
 	else if(get_latest_token().type == Token::ID) goto CONCAT(header_found, __LINE__);	\
 	\
 	if(index_hole_limit_) goto CONCAT(find_header, __LINE__);	\
-	CONCAT(header_found, __LINE__):	0;\
+	CONCAT(header_found, __LINE__):	(void)0;\
 
 #define FIND_DATA()	\
 	set_data_mode(DataMode::Scanning);	\
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ void i8272::posit_event(int event_type) {
 			WAIT_FOR_EVENT(Event8272::CommandByte)
 			SetBusy();
 
-			static const size_t required_lengths[32] = {
+			static const std::size_t required_lengths[32] = {
 				0,	0,	9,	3,	2,	9,	9,	2,
 				1,	9,	2,	0,	9,	6,	0,	3,
 				0,	9,	0,	0,	0,	0,	0,	0,
@@ -563,7 +563,6 @@ void i8272::posit_event(int event_type) {
 		// Sets a maximum index hole limit of 2 then waits either until it finds a header mark or sees too many index holes.
 		// If a header mark is found, reads in the following bytes that produce a header. Otherwise branches to data not found.
 			index_hole_limit_ = 2;
-		read_id_find_next_sector:
 			FIND_HEADER();
 			if(!index_hole_limit_) {
 				SetMissingAddressMark();
@@ -833,7 +832,7 @@ void i8272::posit_event(int event_type) {
 	// last thing in it will be returned first.
 	post_result:
 			printf("Result to %02x, main %02x: ", command_[0] & 0x1f, main_status_);
-			for(size_t c = 0; c < result_stack_.size(); c++) {
+			for(std::size_t c = 0; c < result_stack_.size(); c++) {
 				printf("%02x ", result_stack_[result_stack_.size() - 1 - c]);
 			}
 			printf("\n");

Components/9918/9918.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,712 @@
+//
+//  9918.cpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 25/11/2017.
+//  Copyright © 2017 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include "9918.hpp"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstring>
+
+using namespace TI;
+
+namespace {
+
+const uint32_t palette_pack(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b) {
+	uint32_t result = 0;
+	uint8_t *const result_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&result);
+	result_ptr[0] = r;
+	result_ptr[1] = g;
+	result_ptr[2] = b;
+	result_ptr[3] = 0;
+	return result;
+}
+
+const uint32_t palette[16] = {
+	palette_pack(0, 0, 0),
+	palette_pack(0, 0, 0),
+	palette_pack(33, 200, 66),
+	palette_pack(94, 220, 120),
+
+	palette_pack(84, 85, 237),
+	palette_pack(125, 118, 252),
+	palette_pack(212, 82, 77),
+	palette_pack(66, 235, 245),
+
+	palette_pack(252, 85, 84),
+	palette_pack(255, 121, 120),
+	palette_pack(212, 193, 84),
+	palette_pack(230, 206, 128),
+
+	palette_pack(33, 176, 59),
+	palette_pack(201, 91, 186),
+	palette_pack(204, 204, 204),
+	palette_pack(255, 255, 255)
+};
+
+const uint8_t StatusInterrupt = 0x80;
+const uint8_t StatusFifthSprite = 0x40;
+
+const int StatusSpriteCollisionShift = 5;
+const uint8_t StatusSpriteCollision = 0x20;
+
+struct ReverseTable {
+	std::uint8_t map[256];
+
+	ReverseTable() {
+		for(int c = 0; c < 256; ++c) {
+			map[c] = static_cast<uint8_t>(
+				((c & 0x80) >> 7) |
+				((c & 0x40) >> 5) |
+				((c & 0x20) >> 3) |
+				((c & 0x10) >> 1) |
+				((c & 0x08) << 1) |
+				((c & 0x04) << 3) |
+				((c & 0x02) << 5) |
+				((c & 0x01) << 7)
+			);
+		}
+	}
+} reverse_table;
+
+// Bits are reversed in the internal mode value; they're stored
+// in the order M1 M2 M3. Hence the definitions below.
+enum ScreenMode {
+	Text = 4,
+	MultiColour = 2,
+	ColouredText = 0,
+	Graphics = 1
+};
+
+}
+
+TMS9918Base::TMS9918Base() :
+	// 342 internal cycles are 228/227.5ths of a line, so 341.25 cycles should be a whole
+	// line. Therefore multiply everything by four, but set line length to 1365 rather than 342*4 = 1368.
+	crt_(new Outputs::CRT::CRT(1365, 4, Outputs::CRT::DisplayType::NTSC60, 4)) {}
+
+TMS9918::TMS9918(Personality p) {
+	// Unimaginatively, this class just passes RGB through to the shader. Investigation is needed
+	// into whether there's a more natural form.
+	crt_->set_rgb_sampling_function(
+		"vec3 rgb_sample(usampler2D sampler, vec2 coordinate, vec2 icoordinate)"
+		"{"
+			"return texture(sampler, coordinate).rgb / vec3(255.0);"
+		"}");
+	crt_->set_video_signal(Outputs::CRT::VideoSignal::RGB);
+	crt_->set_visible_area(Outputs::CRT::Rect(0.055f, 0.025f, 0.9f, 0.9f));
+	crt_->set_input_gamma(2.8f);
+
+	// The TMS remains in-phase with the NTSC colour clock; this is an empirical measurement
+	// intended to produce the correct relationship between the hard edges between pixels and
+	// the colour clock. It was eyeballed rather than derived from any knowledge of the TMS
+	// colour burst generator because I've yet to find any.
+	crt_->set_immediate_default_phase(0.85f);
+}
+
+Outputs::CRT::CRT *TMS9918::get_crt() {
+	return crt_.get();
+}
+
+void TMS9918Base::test_sprite(int sprite_number, int screen_row) {
+	if(!(status_ & StatusFifthSprite)) {
+		status_ = static_cast<uint8_t>((status_ & ~31) | sprite_number);
+	}
+	if(sprites_stopped_)
+		return;
+
+	const int sprite_position = ram_[sprite_attribute_table_address_ + (sprite_number << 2)];
+	// A sprite Y of 208 means "don't scan the list any further".
+	if(sprite_position == 208) {
+		sprites_stopped_ = true;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	const int sprite_row = (screen_row - sprite_position)&255;
+	if(sprite_row < 0 || sprite_row >= sprite_height_) return;
+
+	const int active_sprite_slot = sprite_sets_[active_sprite_set_].active_sprite_slot;
+	if(active_sprite_slot == 4) {
+		status_ |= StatusFifthSprite;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	SpriteSet::ActiveSprite &sprite = sprite_sets_[active_sprite_set_].active_sprites[active_sprite_slot];
+	sprite.index = sprite_number;
+	sprite.row = sprite_row >> (sprites_magnified_ ? 1 : 0);
+	sprite_sets_[active_sprite_set_].active_sprite_slot++;
+}
+
+void TMS9918Base::get_sprite_contents(int field, int cycles_left, int screen_row) {
+	int sprite_id = field / 6;
+	field %= 6;
+
+	while(true) {
+		const int cycles_in_sprite = std::min(cycles_left, 6 - field);
+		cycles_left -= cycles_in_sprite;
+		const int final_field = cycles_in_sprite + field;
+
+		assert(sprite_id < 4);
+		SpriteSet::ActiveSprite &sprite = sprite_sets_[active_sprite_set_].active_sprites[sprite_id];
+
+		if(field < 4) {
+			std::memcpy(
+				&sprite.info[field],
+				&ram_[sprite_attribute_table_address_ + (sprite.index << 2) + field],
+				static_cast<size_t>(std::min(4, final_field) - field));
+		}
+
+		field = std::min(4, final_field);
+		const int sprite_offset = sprite.info[2] & ~(sprites_16x16_ ? 3 : 0);
+		const int sprite_address = sprite_generator_table_address_ + (sprite_offset << 3) + sprite.row; // TODO: recalclate sprite.row from screen_row (?)
+		while(field < final_field) {
+			sprite.image[field - 4] = ram_[sprite_address + ((field - 4) << 4)];
+			field++;
+		}
+
+		if(!cycles_left) return;
+		field = 0;
+		sprite_id++;
+	}
+}
+
+void TMS9918::run_for(const HalfCycles cycles) {
+	// As specific as I've been able to get:
+	// Scanline time is always 228 cycles.
+	// PAL output is 313 lines total. NTSC output is 262 lines total.
+	// Interrupt is signalled upon entering the lower border.
+
+	// Keep a count of cycles separate from internal counts to avoid
+	// potential errors mapping back and forth.
+	half_cycles_into_frame_ = (half_cycles_into_frame_ + cycles) % HalfCycles(frame_lines_ * 228 * 2);
+
+	// Convert 456 clocked half cycles per line to 342 internal cycles per line;
+	// the internal clock is 1.5 times the nominal 3.579545 Mhz that I've advertised
+	// for this part. So multiply by three quarters.
+	int int_cycles = (cycles.as_int() * 3) + cycles_error_;
+	cycles_error_ = int_cycles & 3;
+	int_cycles >>= 2;
+	if(!int_cycles) return;
+
+	while(int_cycles) {
+		// Determine how much time has passed in the remainder of this line, and proceed.
+		int cycles_left = std::min(342 - column_, int_cycles);
+
+
+
+		// ------------------------------------
+		// Potentially perform a memory access.
+		// ------------------------------------
+		if(queued_access_ != MemoryAccess::None) {
+			int time_until_access_slot = 0;
+			switch(line_mode_) {
+				case LineMode::Refresh:
+					if(column_ < 53 || column_ >= 307) time_until_access_slot = column_&1;
+					else time_until_access_slot = 3 - ((column_ - 53)&3);
+					// i.e. 53 -> 3, 52 -> 2, 51 -> 1, 50 -> 0, etc
+				break;
+				case LineMode::Text:
+					if(column_ < 59 || column_ >= 299) time_until_access_slot = column_&1;
+					else time_until_access_slot = 5 - ((column_ + 3)%6);
+					// i.e. 59 -> 3, 60 -> 2, 61 -> 1, etc
+				break;
+				case LineMode::Character:
+					if(column_ < 9) time_until_access_slot = column_&1;
+					else if(column_ < 30) time_until_access_slot = 30 - column_;
+					else if(column_ < 37) time_until_access_slot = column_&1;
+					else if(column_ < 311) time_until_access_slot = 31 - ((column_ + 7)&31);
+					// i.e. 53 -> 3, 54 -> 2, 55 -> 1, 56 -> 0, 57 -> 31, etc
+					else if(column_ < 313) time_until_access_slot = column_&1;
+					else time_until_access_slot = 342 - column_;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			if(cycles_left >= time_until_access_slot) {
+				if(queued_access_ == MemoryAccess::Write) {
+					ram_[ram_pointer_ & 16383] = read_ahead_buffer_;
+				} else {
+					read_ahead_buffer_ = ram_[ram_pointer_ & 16383];
+				}
+				ram_pointer_++;
+				queued_access_ = MemoryAccess::None;
+			}
+		}
+
+
+
+		column_ += cycles_left;		// column_ is now the column that has been reached in this line.
+		int_cycles -= cycles_left;	// Count down duration to run for.
+
+
+
+		// ------------------------------
+		// Perform video memory accesses.
+		// ------------------------------
+		if(((row_ < 192) || (row_ == frame_lines_-1)) && !blank_screen_) {
+			const int sprite_row = (row_ < 192) ? row_ : -1;
+			const int access_slot = column_ >> 1;	// There are only 171 available memory accesses per line.
+			switch(line_mode_) {
+				default: break;
+
+				case LineMode::Text:
+					access_pointer_ = std::min(30, access_slot);
+					if(access_pointer_ >= 30 && access_pointer_ < 150) {
+						const int row_base = pattern_name_address_ + (row_ >> 3) * 40;
+						const int end = std::min(150, access_slot);
+
+						// Pattern names are collected every third window starting from window 30.
+						const int pattern_names_start = (access_pointer_ - 30 + 2) / 3;
+						const int pattern_names_end = (end - 30 + 2) / 3;
+						std::memcpy(&pattern_names_[pattern_names_start], &ram_[row_base + pattern_names_start], static_cast<size_t>(pattern_names_end - pattern_names_start));
+
+						// Patterns are collected every third window starting from window 32.
+						const int pattern_buffer_start = (access_pointer_ - 32 + 2) / 3;
+						const int pattern_buffer_end = (end - 32 + 2) / 3;
+						for(int column = pattern_buffer_start; column < pattern_buffer_end; ++column) {
+							pattern_buffer_[column] = ram_[pattern_generator_table_address_ + (pattern_names_[column] << 3) + (row_ & 7)];
+						}
+					}
+				break;
+
+				case LineMode::Character:
+					// Four access windows: no collection.
+					if(access_pointer_ < 5)
+						access_pointer_ = std::min(5, access_slot);
+
+					// Then ten access windows are filled with collection of sprite 3 and 4 details.
+					if(access_pointer_ >= 5 && access_pointer_ < 15) {
+						int end = std::min(15, access_slot);
+						get_sprite_contents(access_pointer_ - 5 + 14, end - access_pointer_, sprite_row - 1);
+						access_pointer_ = std::min(15, access_slot);
+					}
+
+					// Four more access windows: no collection.
+					if(access_pointer_ >= 15 && access_pointer_ < 19) {
+						access_pointer_ = std::min(19, access_slot);
+
+						// Start new sprite set if this is location 19.
+						if(access_pointer_ == 19) {
+							active_sprite_set_ ^= 1;
+							sprite_sets_[active_sprite_set_].active_sprite_slot = 0;
+							sprites_stopped_ = false;
+						}
+					}
+
+					// Then eight access windows fetch the y position for the first eight sprites.
+					while(access_pointer_ < 27 && access_pointer_ < access_slot) {
+						test_sprite(access_pointer_ - 19, sprite_row);
+						access_pointer_++;
+					}
+
+					// The next 128 access slots are video and sprite collection interleaved.
+					if(access_pointer_ >= 27 && access_pointer_ < 155) {
+						int end = std::min(155, access_slot);
+
+						int row_base = pattern_name_address_;
+						int pattern_base = pattern_generator_table_address_;
+						int colour_base = colour_table_address_;
+						if(screen_mode_ == ScreenMode::Graphics) {
+							// If this is high resolution mode, allow the row number to affect the pattern and colour addresses.
+							pattern_base &= 0x2000 | ((row_ & 0xc0) << 5);
+							colour_base &= 0x2000 | ((row_ & 0xc0) << 5);
+						}
+						row_base += (row_ << 2)&~31;
+
+						// Pattern names are collected every fourth window starting from window 27.
+						const int pattern_names_start = (access_pointer_ - 27 + 3) >> 2;
+						const int pattern_names_end = (end - 27 + 3) >> 2;
+						std::memcpy(&pattern_names_[pattern_names_start], &ram_[row_base + pattern_names_start], static_cast<size_t>(pattern_names_end - pattern_names_start));
+
+						// Colours are collected every fourth window starting from window 29.
+						const int colours_start = (access_pointer_ - 29 + 3) >> 2;
+						const int colours_end = (end - 29 + 3) >> 2;
+						if(screen_mode_ != 1) {
+							for(int column = colours_start; column < colours_end; ++column) {
+								colour_buffer_[column] = ram_[colour_base + (pattern_names_[column] >> 3)];
+							}
+						} else {
+							for(int column = colours_start; column < colours_end; ++column) {
+								colour_buffer_[column] = ram_[colour_base + (pattern_names_[column] << 3) + (row_ & 7)];
+							}
+						}
+
+						// Patterns are collected ever fourth window starting from window 30.
+						const int pattern_buffer_start = (access_pointer_ - 30 + 3) >> 2;
+						const int pattern_buffer_end = (end - 30 + 3) >> 2;
+
+						// Multicolour mode uss a different function of row to pick bytes
+						const int row = (screen_mode_ != 2) ? (row_ & 7) : ((row_ >> 2) & 7);
+						for(int column = pattern_buffer_start; column < pattern_buffer_end; ++column) {
+							pattern_buffer_[column] = ram_[pattern_base + (pattern_names_[column] << 3) + row];
+						}
+
+						// Sprite slots occur in three quarters of ever fourth window starting from window 28.
+						const int sprite_start = (access_pointer_ - 28 + 3) >> 2;
+						const int sprite_end = (end - 28 + 3) >> 2;
+						for(int column = sprite_start; column < sprite_end; ++column) {
+							if(column&3) {
+								test_sprite(7 + column - (column >> 2), sprite_row);
+							}
+						}
+
+						access_pointer_ = std::min(155, access_slot);
+					}
+
+					// Two access windows: no collection.
+					if(access_pointer_ < 157)
+						access_pointer_ = std::min(157, access_slot);
+
+					// Fourteen access windows: collect initial sprite information.
+					if(access_pointer_ >= 157 && access_pointer_ < 171) {
+						int end = std::min(171, access_slot);
+						get_sprite_contents(access_pointer_ - 157, end - access_pointer_, sprite_row);
+						access_pointer_ = std::min(171, access_slot);
+					}
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		// --------------------------
+		// End video memory accesses.
+		// --------------------------
+
+
+
+		// --------------------
+		// Output video stream.
+		// --------------------
+		if(row_	< 192 && !blank_screen_) {
+			// ----------------------
+			// Output horizontal sync
+			// ----------------------
+			if(!output_column_ && column_ >= 26) {
+				crt_->output_sync(13 * 4);
+				crt_->output_default_colour_burst(13 * 4);
+				output_column_ = 26;
+			}
+
+			// -------------------
+			// Output left border.
+			// -------------------
+			if(output_column_ >= 26) {
+				int pixels_end = std::min(first_pixel_column_, column_);
+				if(output_column_ < pixels_end) {
+					output_border(pixels_end - output_column_);
+					output_column_ = pixels_end;
+
+					// Grab a pointer for drawing pixels to, if the moment has arrived.
+					if(pixels_end == first_pixel_column_) {
+						pixel_base_ = pixel_target_ = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(crt_->allocate_write_area(static_cast<unsigned int>(first_right_border_column_ - first_pixel_column_)));
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// --------------
+			// Output pixels.
+			// --------------
+			if(output_column_ >= first_pixel_column_) {
+				int pixels_end = std::min(first_right_border_column_, column_);
+
+				if(output_column_ < pixels_end) {
+					switch(line_mode_) {
+						default: break;
+
+						case LineMode::Text: {
+							const uint32_t colours[2] = { palette[background_colour_], palette[text_colour_] };
+
+							const int shift = (output_column_ - first_pixel_column_) % 6;
+							int byte_column = (output_column_ - first_pixel_column_) / 6;
+							int pattern = reverse_table.map[pattern_buffer_[byte_column]] >> shift;
+							int pixels_left = pixels_end - output_column_;
+							int length = std::min(pixels_left, 6 - shift);
+							while(true) {
+								pixels_left -= length;
+								for(int c = 0; c < length; ++c) {
+									pixel_target_[c] = colours[pattern&0x01];
+									pattern >>= 1;
+								}
+								pixel_target_ += length;
+
+								if(!pixels_left) break;
+								length = std::min(6, pixels_left);
+								byte_column++;
+								pattern = reverse_table.map[pattern_buffer_[byte_column]];
+							}
+							output_column_ = pixels_end;
+						} break;
+
+						case LineMode::Character: {
+							// If this is the start of the visible area, seed sprite shifter positions.
+							SpriteSet &sprite_set = sprite_sets_[active_sprite_set_ ^ 1];
+							if(output_column_ == first_pixel_column_) {
+								int c = sprite_set.active_sprite_slot;
+								while(c--) {
+									SpriteSet::ActiveSprite &sprite = sprite_set.active_sprites[c];
+									sprite.shift_position = -sprite.info[1];
+									if(sprite.info[3] & 0x80) {
+										sprite.shift_position += 32;
+										if(sprite.shift_position > 0 && !sprites_magnified_)
+											sprite.shift_position *= 2;
+									}
+								}
+							}
+
+							// Paint the background tiles.
+							const int pixels_left = pixels_end - output_column_;
+							if(screen_mode_ == ScreenMode::MultiColour) {
+								int pixel_location = output_column_ - first_pixel_column_;
+								for(int c = 0; c < pixels_left; ++c) {
+									pixel_target_[c] = palette[
+										(pattern_buffer_[(pixel_location + c) >> 3] >> (((pixel_location + c) & 4)^4)) & 15
+									];
+								}
+								pixel_target_ += pixels_left;
+							} else {
+								const int shift = (output_column_ - first_pixel_column_) & 7;
+								int byte_column = (output_column_ - first_pixel_column_) >> 3;
+
+								int length = std::min(pixels_left, 8 - shift);
+
+								int pattern = reverse_table.map[pattern_buffer_[byte_column]] >> shift;
+								uint8_t colour = colour_buffer_[byte_column];
+								uint32_t colours[2] = {
+									palette[(colour & 15) ? (colour & 15) : background_colour_],
+									palette[(colour >> 4) ? (colour >> 4) : background_colour_]
+								};
+
+								int background_pixels_left = pixels_left;
+								while(true) {
+									background_pixels_left -= length;
+									for(int c = 0; c < length; ++c) {
+										pixel_target_[c] = colours[pattern&0x01];
+										pattern >>= 1;
+									}
+									pixel_target_ += length;
+
+									if(!background_pixels_left) break;
+									length = std::min(8, background_pixels_left);
+									byte_column++;
+
+									pattern = reverse_table.map[pattern_buffer_[byte_column]];
+									colour = colour_buffer_[byte_column];
+									colours[0] = palette[(colour & 15) ? (colour & 15) : background_colour_];
+									colours[1] = palette[(colour >> 4) ? (colour >> 4) : background_colour_];
+								}
+							}
+
+							// Paint sprites and check for collisions.
+							if(sprite_set.active_sprite_slot) {
+								int sprite_pixels_left = pixels_left;
+								const int shift_advance = sprites_magnified_ ? 1 : 2;
+
+								const uint32_t sprite_colour_selection_masks[2] = {0x00000000, 0xffffffff};
+								const int colour_masks[16] = {0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1};
+
+								while(sprite_pixels_left--) {
+									uint32_t sprite_colour = pixel_base_[output_column_ - first_pixel_column_];
+									int sprite_mask = 0;
+									int c = sprite_set.active_sprite_slot;
+									while(c--) {
+										SpriteSet::ActiveSprite &sprite = sprite_set.active_sprites[c];
+
+										if(sprite.shift_position < 0) {
+											sprite.shift_position++;
+											continue;
+										} else if(sprite.shift_position < 32) {
+											int mask = sprite.image[sprite.shift_position >> 4] << ((sprite.shift_position&15) >> 1);
+											mask = (mask >> 7) & 1;
+											status_ |= (mask & sprite_mask) << StatusSpriteCollisionShift;
+											sprite_mask |= mask;
+											sprite.shift_position += shift_advance;
+
+											mask &= colour_masks[sprite.info[3]&15];
+											sprite_colour = (sprite_colour & sprite_colour_selection_masks[mask^1]) | (palette[sprite.info[3]&15] & sprite_colour_selection_masks[mask]);
+										}
+									}
+
+									pixel_base_[output_column_ - first_pixel_column_] = sprite_colour;
+									output_column_++;
+								}
+							}
+
+							output_column_ = pixels_end;
+						} break;
+					}
+
+					if(output_column_ == first_right_border_column_) {
+						crt_->output_data(static_cast<unsigned int>(first_right_border_column_ - first_pixel_column_) * 4, 4);
+						pixel_target_ = nullptr;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// --------------------
+			// Output right border.
+			// --------------------
+			if(output_column_ >= first_right_border_column_) {
+				output_border(column_ - output_column_);
+				output_column_ = column_;
+			}
+		} else if(row_ >= first_vsync_line_ && row_ < first_vsync_line_+3) {
+			// Vertical sync.
+			if(column_ == 342) {
+				crt_->output_sync(342 * 4);
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Blank.
+			if(!output_column_ && column_ >= 26) {
+				crt_->output_sync(13 * 4);
+				crt_->output_default_colour_burst(13 * 4);
+				output_column_ = 26;
+			}
+			if(output_column_ >= 26) {
+				output_border(column_ - output_column_);
+				output_column_ = column_;
+			}
+		}
+		// -----------------
+		// End video stream.
+		// -----------------
+
+
+
+		// -----------------------------------
+		// Prepare for next line, potentially.
+		// -----------------------------------
+		if(column_ == 342) {
+			access_pointer_ = column_ = output_column_ = 0;
+			row_ = (row_ + 1) % frame_lines_;
+			if(row_ == 192) status_ |= StatusInterrupt;
+
+			screen_mode_ = next_screen_mode_;
+			blank_screen_ = next_blank_screen_;
+			switch(screen_mode_) {
+				case ScreenMode::Text:
+					line_mode_ = LineMode::Text;
+					first_pixel_column_ = 69;
+					first_right_border_column_ = 309;
+				break;
+				default:
+					line_mode_ = LineMode::Character;
+					first_pixel_column_ = 63;
+					first_right_border_column_ = 319;
+				break;
+			}
+			if(blank_screen_ || (row_ >= 192 && row_ != frame_lines_-1)) line_mode_ = LineMode::Refresh;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void TMS9918Base::output_border(int cycles) {
+	pixel_target_ = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(crt_->allocate_write_area(1));
+	if(pixel_target_) *pixel_target_ = palette[background_colour_];
+	crt_->output_level(static_cast<unsigned int>(cycles) * 4);
+}
+
+void TMS9918::set_register(int address, uint8_t value) {
+	// Writes to address 0 are writes to the video RAM. Store
+	// the value and return.
+	if(!(address & 1)) {
+		write_phase_ = false;
+
+		// Enqueue the write to occur at the next available slot.
+		read_ahead_buffer_ = value;
+		queued_access_ = MemoryAccess::Write;
+
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Writes to address 1 are performed in pairs; if this is the
+	// low byte of a value, store it and wait for the high byte.
+	if(!write_phase_) {
+		low_write_ = value;
+		write_phase_ = true;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	write_phase_ = false;
+	if(value & 0x80) {
+		// This is a write to a register.
+		switch(value & 7) {
+			case 0:
+				next_screen_mode_ = (next_screen_mode_ & 6) | ((low_write_ & 2) >> 1);
+			break;
+
+			case 1:
+				next_blank_screen_ = !(low_write_ & 0x40);
+				generate_interrupts_ = !!(low_write_ & 0x20);
+				next_screen_mode_ = (next_screen_mode_ & 1) | ((low_write_ & 0x18) >> 2);
+				sprites_16x16_ = !!(low_write_ & 0x02);
+				sprites_magnified_ = !!(low_write_ & 0x01);
+
+				sprite_height_ = 8;
+				if(sprites_16x16_) sprite_height_ <<= 1;
+				if(sprites_magnified_) sprite_height_ <<= 1;
+			break;
+
+			case 2:
+				pattern_name_address_ = static_cast<uint16_t>((low_write_ & 0xf) << 10);
+			break;
+
+			case 3:
+				colour_table_address_ = static_cast<uint16_t>(low_write_ << 6);
+			break;
+
+			case 4:
+				pattern_generator_table_address_ = static_cast<uint16_t>((low_write_ & 0x07) << 11);
+			break;
+
+			case 5:
+				sprite_attribute_table_address_ = static_cast<uint16_t>((low_write_ & 0x7f) << 7);
+			break;
+
+			case 6:
+				sprite_generator_table_address_ = static_cast<uint16_t>((low_write_ & 0x07) << 11);
+			break;
+
+			case 7:
+				text_colour_ = low_write_ >> 4;
+				background_colour_ = low_write_ & 0xf;
+			break;
+		}
+	} else {
+		// This is a write to the RAM pointer.
+		ram_pointer_ = static_cast<uint16_t>(low_write_ | (value << 8));
+		if(!(value & 0x40)) {
+			// Officially a 'read' set, so perform lookahead.
+			queued_access_ = MemoryAccess::Read;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+uint8_t TMS9918::get_register(int address) {
+	write_phase_ = false;
+
+	// Reads from address 0 read video RAM, via the read-ahead buffer.
+	if(!(address & 1)) {
+		// Enqueue the write to occur at the next available slot.
+		uint8_t result = read_ahead_buffer_;
+		queued_access_ = MemoryAccess::Read;
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	// Reads from address 1 get the status register.
+	uint8_t result = status_;
+	status_ &= ~(StatusInterrupt | StatusFifthSprite | StatusSpriteCollision);
+	return result;
+}
+
+ HalfCycles TMS9918::get_time_until_interrupt() {
+	if(!generate_interrupts_) return HalfCycles(-1);
+	if(get_interrupt_line()) return HalfCycles(0);
+
+	const int half_cycles_per_frame = frame_lines_ * 228 * 2;
+	int half_cycles_remaining = (192 * 228 * 2 + half_cycles_per_frame - half_cycles_into_frame_.as_int()) % half_cycles_per_frame;
+	return HalfCycles(half_cycles_remaining ? half_cycles_remaining : half_cycles_per_frame);
+}
+
+bool TMS9918::get_interrupt_line() {
+	return (status_ & StatusInterrupt) && generate_interrupts_;
+}

Components/9918/9918.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+//
+//  9918.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 25/11/2017.
+//  Copyright © 2017 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef TMS9918_hpp
+#define TMS9918_hpp
+
+#include "../../Outputs/CRT/CRT.hpp"
+#include "../../ClockReceiver/ClockReceiver.hpp"
+
+#include "Implementation/9918Base.hpp"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace TI {
+
+/*!
+	Provides emulation of the TMS9918a, TMS9928 and TMS9929. Likely in the future to be the
+	vessel for emulation of sufficiently close derivatives, such as the Master System VDP.
+
+	The TMS9918 and descendants are video display generators that own their own RAM, making it
+	accessible through an implicitly-timed register interface, and (depending on model) can generate
+	PAL and NTSC component and composite video.
+
+	These chips have only one non-on-demand interaction with the outside world: an interrupt line.
+	See get_time_until_interrupt and get_interrupt_line for asynchronous operation options.
+*/
+class TMS9918: public TMS9918Base {
+	public:
+		enum Personality {
+			TMS9918A,	// includes the 9928 and 9929; set TV standard and output device as desired.
+		};
+
+		/*!
+			Constructs an instance of the drive controller that behaves according to personality @c p.
+			@param p The type of controller to emulate.
+		*/
+		TMS9918(Personality p);
+
+		enum TVStandard {
+			/*! i.e. 50Hz output at around 312.5 lines/field */
+			PAL,
+			/*! i.e. 60Hz output at around 262.5 lines/field */
+			NTSC
+		};
+
+		/*! Sets the TV standard for this TMS, if that is hard-coded in hardware. */
+		void set_tv_standard(TVStandard standard);
+
+		/*! Provides the CRT this TMS is connected to. */
+		Outputs::CRT::CRT *get_crt();
+
+		/*!
+			Runs the VCP for the number of cycles indicate; it is an implicit assumption of the code
+			that the input clock rate is 3579545 Hz — the NTSC colour clock rate.
+		*/
+		void run_for(const HalfCycles cycles);
+
+		/*! Sets a register value. */
+		void set_register(int address, uint8_t value);
+
+		/*! Gets a register value. */
+		uint8_t get_register(int address);
+
+		/*!
+			Returns the amount of time until get_interrupt_line would next return true if
+			there are no interceding calls to set_register or get_register.
+
+			If get_interrupt_line is true now, returns zero. If get_interrupt_line would
+			never return true, returns -1.
+		*/
+		HalfCycles get_time_until_interrupt();
+
+		/*!
+			@returns @c true if the interrupt line is currently active; @c false otherwise.
+		*/
+		bool get_interrupt_line();
+};
+
+};
+
+#endif /* TMS9918_hpp */

Components/9918/Implementation/9918Base.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+//
+//  9918Base.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 14/12/2017.
+//  Copyright © 2017 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef TMS9918Base_hpp
+#define TMS9918Base_hpp
+
+#include "../../../Outputs/CRT/CRT.hpp"
+#include "../../../ClockReceiver/ClockReceiver.hpp"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace TI {
+
+class TMS9918Base {
+	protected:
+		TMS9918Base();
+
+		std::unique_ptr<Outputs::CRT::CRT> crt_;
+
+		uint8_t ram_[16384];
+
+		uint16_t ram_pointer_ = 0;
+		uint8_t read_ahead_buffer_ = 0;
+		enum class MemoryAccess {
+			Read, Write, None
+		} queued_access_ = MemoryAccess::None;
+
+		uint8_t status_ = 0;
+
+		bool write_phase_ = false;
+		uint8_t low_write_ = 0;
+
+		// The various register flags.
+		int next_screen_mode_ = 0, screen_mode_ = 0;
+		bool next_blank_screen_ = true, blank_screen_ = true;
+		bool sprites_16x16_ = false;
+		bool sprites_magnified_ = false;
+		bool generate_interrupts_ = false;
+		int sprite_height_ = 8;
+		uint16_t pattern_name_address_ = 0;
+		uint16_t colour_table_address_ = 0;
+		uint16_t pattern_generator_table_address_ = 0;
+		uint16_t sprite_attribute_table_address_ = 0;
+		uint16_t sprite_generator_table_address_ = 0;
+
+		uint8_t text_colour_ = 0;
+		uint8_t background_colour_ = 0;
+
+		HalfCycles half_cycles_into_frame_;
+		int column_ = 0, row_ = 0, output_column_ = 0;
+		int cycles_error_ = 0;
+		uint32_t *pixel_target_ = nullptr, *pixel_base_ = nullptr;
+
+		void output_border(int cycles);
+
+		// Vertical timing details.
+		int frame_lines_ = 262;
+		int first_vsync_line_ = 227;
+
+		// Horizontal selections.
+		enum class LineMode {
+			Text = 0,
+			Character = 1,
+			Refresh = 2
+		} line_mode_ = LineMode::Text;
+		int first_pixel_column_, first_right_border_column_;
+
+		uint8_t pattern_names_[40];
+		uint8_t pattern_buffer_[40];
+		uint8_t colour_buffer_[40];
+
+		struct SpriteSet {
+			struct ActiveSprite {
+				int index = 0;
+				int row = 0;
+
+				uint8_t info[4];
+				uint8_t image[2];
+
+				int shift_position = 0;
+			} active_sprites[4];
+			int active_sprite_slot = 0;
+		} sprite_sets_[2];
+		int active_sprite_set_ = 0;
+		bool sprites_stopped_ = false;
+
+		int access_pointer_ = 0;
+
+		inline void test_sprite(int sprite_number, int screen_row);
+		inline void get_sprite_contents(int start, int cycles, int screen_row);
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif /* TMS9918Base_hpp */

Components/AY38910/AY38910.cpp

@@ -8,18 +8,11 @@
 
 #include "AY38910.hpp"
 
+#include <cmath>
+
 using namespace GI::AY38910;
 
-AY38910::AY38910() :
+AY38910::AY38910(Concurrency::DeferringAsyncTaskQueue &task_queue) : task_queue_(task_queue) {
-		selected_register_(0),
-		tone_counters_{0, 0, 0}, tone_periods_{0, 0, 0}, tone_outputs_{0, 0, 0},
-		noise_shift_register_(0xffff), noise_period_(0), noise_counter_(0), noise_output_(0),
-		envelope_divider_(0), envelope_period_(0), envelope_position_(0),
-		master_divider_(0),
-		output_registers_{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
-		port_handler_(nullptr) {
-	output_registers_[8] = output_registers_[9] = output_registers_[10] = 0;
-
 	// set up envelope lookup tables
 	for(int c = 0; c < 16; c++) {
 		for(int p = 0; p < 32; p++) {
@@ -63,21 +56,22 @@ AY38910::AY38910() :
 		}
 	}
 
+	set_sample_volume_range(0);
+}
+
+void AY38910::set_sample_volume_range(std::int16_t range) {
 	// set up volume lookup table
-	float max_volume = 8192;
+	const float max_volume = static_cast<float>(range) / 3.0f;	// As there are three channels.
-	float root_two = sqrtf(2.0f);
+	const float root_two = sqrtf(2.0f);
 	for(int v = 0; v < 16; v++) {
 		volumes_[v] = static_cast<int>(max_volume / powf(root_two, static_cast<float>(v ^ 0xf)));
 	}
 	volumes_[0] = 0;
+	evaluate_output_volume();
 }
 
-void AY38910::set_clock_rate(double clock_rate) {
+void AY38910::get_samples(std::size_t number_of_samples, int16_t *target) {
-	set_input_rate(static_cast<float>(clock_rate));
+	std::size_t c = 0;
-}
-
-void AY38910::get_samples(unsigned int number_of_samples, int16_t *target) {
-	unsigned int c = 0;
 	while((master_divider_&7) && c < number_of_samples) {
 		target[c] = output_volume_;
 		master_divider_++;
@@ -167,7 +161,12 @@ void AY38910::evaluate_output_volume() {
 	);
 }
 
-#pragma mark - Register manipulation
+bool AY38910::is_zero_level() {
+	// Confirm that the AY is trivially at the zero level if all three volume controls are set to fixed zero.
+	return output_registers_[0x8] == 0 && output_registers_[0x9] == 0 && output_registers_[0xa] == 0;
+}
+
+// MARK: - Register manipulation
 
 void AY38910::select_register(uint8_t r) {
 	selected_register_ = r;
@@ -178,7 +177,7 @@ void AY38910::set_register_value(uint8_t value) {
 	registers_[selected_register_] = value;
 	if(selected_register_ < 14) {
 		int selected_register = selected_register_;
-		enqueue([=] () {
+		task_queue_.defer([=] () {
 			uint8_t masked_value = value;
 			switch(selected_register) {
 				case 0: case 2: case 4:
@@ -233,13 +232,13 @@ uint8_t AY38910::get_register_value() {
 	}
 }
 
-#pragma mark - Port handling
+// MARK: - Port handling
 
 uint8_t AY38910::get_port_output(bool port_b) {
 	return registers_[port_b ? 15 : 14];
 }
 
-#pragma mark - Bus handling
+// MARK: - Bus handling
 
 void AY38910::set_port_handler(PortHandler *handler) {
 	port_handler_ = handler;

Components/AY38910/AY38910.hpp

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 #ifndef AY_3_8910_hpp
 #define AY_3_8910_hpp
 
-#include "../../Outputs/Speaker.hpp"
+#include "../../Outputs/Speaker/Implementation/SampleSource.hpp"
+#include "../../Concurrency/AsyncTaskQueue.hpp"
 
 namespace GI {
 namespace AY38910 {
@@ -55,13 +56,10 @@ enum ControlLines {
 	noise generator and a volume envelope generator, which also provides two bidirectional
 	interface ports.
 */
-class AY38910: public ::Outputs::Filter<AY38910> {
+class AY38910: public ::Outputs::Speaker::SampleSource {
 	public:
 		/// Creates a new AY38910.
-		AY38910();
+		AY38910(Concurrency::DeferringAsyncTaskQueue &task_queue);
-
-		/// Sets the clock rate at which this AY38910 will be run.
-		void set_clock_rate(double clock_rate);
 
 		/// Sets the value the AY would read from its data lines if it were not outputting.
 		void set_data_input(uint8_t r);
@@ -86,27 +84,32 @@ class AY38910: public ::Outputs::Filter<AY38910> {
 		void set_port_handler(PortHandler *);
 
 		// to satisfy ::Outputs::Speaker (included via ::Outputs::Filter; not for public consumption
-		void get_samples(unsigned int number_of_samples, int16_t *target);
+		void get_samples(std::size_t number_of_samples, int16_t *target);
+		bool is_zero_level();
+		void set_sample_volume_range(std::int16_t range);
 
 	private:
-		int selected_register_;
+		Concurrency::DeferringAsyncTaskQueue &task_queue_;
-		uint8_t registers_[16], output_registers_[16];
+
+		int selected_register_ = 0;
+		uint8_t registers_[16];
+		uint8_t output_registers_[16] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
 		uint8_t port_inputs_[2];
 
-		int master_divider_;
+		int master_divider_ = 0;
 
-		int tone_periods_[3];
+		int tone_periods_[3] = {0, 0, 0};
-		int tone_counters_[3];
+		int tone_counters_[3] = {0, 0, 0};
-		int tone_outputs_[3];
+		int tone_outputs_[3] = {0, 0, 0};
 
-		int noise_period_;
+		int noise_period_ = 0;
-		int noise_counter_;
+		int noise_counter_ = 0;
-		int noise_shift_register_;
+		int noise_shift_register_ = 0xffff;
-		int noise_output_;
+		int noise_output_ = 0;
 
-		int envelope_period_;
+		int envelope_period_ = 0;
-		int envelope_divider_;
+		int envelope_divider_ = 0;
-		int envelope_position_;
+		int envelope_position_ = 0;
 		int envelope_shapes_[16][32];
 		int envelope_overflow_masks_[16];
 
@@ -129,7 +132,7 @@ class AY38910: public ::Outputs::Filter<AY38910> {
 		inline void evaluate_output_volume();
 
 		inline void update_bus();
-		PortHandler *port_handler_;
+		PortHandler *port_handler_ = nullptr;
 };
 
 }

Components/KonamiSCC/KonamiSCC.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+//
+//  KonamiSCC.cpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 06/01/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include "KonamiSCC.hpp"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+using namespace Konami;
+
+SCC::SCC(Concurrency::DeferringAsyncTaskQueue &task_queue) :
+	task_queue_(task_queue) {}
+
+bool SCC::is_zero_level() {
+	return !(channel_enable_ & 0x1f);
+}
+
+void SCC::get_samples(std::size_t number_of_samples, std::int16_t *target) {
+	if(is_zero_level()) {
+		std::memset(target, 0, sizeof(std::int16_t) * number_of_samples);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	std::size_t c = 0;
+	while((master_divider_&7) && c < number_of_samples) {
+		target[c] = transient_output_level_;
+		master_divider_++;
+		c++;
+	}
+
+	while(c < number_of_samples) {
+		for(int channel = 0; channel < 5; ++channel) {
+			if(channels_[channel].tone_counter) channels_[channel].tone_counter--;
+			else {
+				channels_[channel].offset = (channels_[channel].offset + 1) & 0x1f;
+				channels_[channel].tone_counter = channels_[channel].period;
+			}
+		}
+
+		evaluate_output_volume();
+
+		for(int ic = 0; ic < 8 && c < number_of_samples; ++ic) {
+			target[c] = transient_output_level_;
+			c++;
+			master_divider_++;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void SCC::write(uint16_t address, uint8_t value) {
+	address &= 0xff;
+	if(address < 0x80) ram_[address] = value;
+
+	task_queue_.defer([=] {
+		// Check for a write into waveform memory.
+		if(address < 0x80) {
+			waves_[address >> 5].samples[address & 0x1f] = value;
+		} else switch(address) {
+			default: break;
+
+			case 0x80: case 0x82: case 0x84: case 0x86: case 0x88: {
+				int channel = (address - 0x80) >> 1;
+				channels_[channel].period = (channels_[channel].period & ~0xff) | value;
+			} break;
+
+			case 0x81: case 0x83: case 0x85: case 0x87: case 0x89: {
+				int channel = (address - 0x80) >> 1;
+				channels_[channel].period = (channels_[channel].period & 0xff) | ((value & 0xf) << 8);
+			} break;
+
+			case 0x8a: case 0x8b: case 0x8c: case 0x8d: case 0x8e:
+				channels_[address - 0x8a].amplitude = value & 0xf;
+			break;
+
+			case 0x8f:
+				channel_enable_ = value;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		evaluate_output_volume();
+	});
+}
+
+void SCC::evaluate_output_volume() {
+	transient_output_level_ =
+		static_cast<int16_t>(
+			((
+				(channel_enable_ & 0x01) ? static_cast<int8_t>(waves_[0].samples[channels_[0].offset]) * channels_[0].amplitude : 0 +
+				(channel_enable_ & 0x02) ? static_cast<int8_t>(waves_[1].samples[channels_[1].offset]) * channels_[1].amplitude : 0 +
+				(channel_enable_ & 0x04) ? static_cast<int8_t>(waves_[2].samples[channels_[2].offset]) * channels_[2].amplitude : 0 +
+				(channel_enable_ & 0x08) ? static_cast<int8_t>(waves_[3].samples[channels_[3].offset]) * channels_[3].amplitude : 0 +
+				(channel_enable_ & 0x10) ? static_cast<int8_t>(waves_[3].samples[channels_[4].offset]) * channels_[4].amplitude : 0
+			) * master_volume_) / (255*15*5)
+			// Five channels, each with 8-bit samples and 4-bit volumes implies a natural range of 0 to 255*15*5.
+		);
+}
+
+void SCC::set_sample_volume_range(std::int16_t range) {
+	master_volume_ = range;
+	evaluate_output_volume();
+}
+
+uint8_t SCC::read(uint16_t address) {
+	address &= 0xff;
+	if(address < 0x80) {
+		return ram_[address];
+	}
+	return 0xff;
+}
+
+

Components/KonamiSCC/KonamiSCC.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+//
+//  KonamiSCC.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 06/01/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef KonamiSCC_hpp
+#define KonamiSCC_hpp
+
+#include "../../Outputs/Speaker/Implementation/SampleSource.hpp"
+#include "../../Concurrency/AsyncTaskQueue.hpp"
+
+namespace Konami {
+
+/*!
+	Provides an emulation of Konami's Sound Creative Chip ('SCC').
+
+	The SCC is a primitive wavetable synthesis chip, offering 32-sample tables,
+	and five channels of output. The original SCC uses the same wave for channels
+	four and five, the SCC+ supports different waves for the two channels.
+*/
+class SCC: public ::Outputs::Speaker::SampleSource {
+	public:
+		/// Creates a new SCC.
+		SCC(Concurrency::DeferringAsyncTaskQueue &task_queue);
+
+		/// As per ::SampleSource; provides a broadphase test for silence.
+		bool is_zero_level();
+
+		/// As per ::SampleSource; provides audio output.
+		void get_samples(std::size_t number_of_samples, std::int16_t *target);
+		void set_sample_volume_range(std::int16_t range);
+
+		/// Writes to the SCC.
+		void write(uint16_t address, uint8_t value);
+
+		/// Reads from the SCC.
+		uint8_t read(uint16_t address);
+
+	private:
+		Concurrency::DeferringAsyncTaskQueue &task_queue_;
+
+		// State from here on down is accessed ony from the audio thread.
+		int master_divider_ = 0;
+		std::int16_t master_volume_ = 0;
+		int16_t transient_output_level_ = 0;
+
+		struct Channel {
+			int period = 0;
+			int amplitude = 0;
+
+			int tone_counter = 0;
+			int offset = 0;
+		} channels_[5];
+
+		struct Wavetable {
+			std::uint8_t samples[32];
+		} waves_[4];
+
+		std::uint8_t channel_enable_ = 0;
+		std::uint8_t test_register_ = 0;
+
+		void evaluate_output_volume();
+
+		// This keeps a copy of wave memory that is accessed from the
+		// main emulation thread.
+		std::uint8_t ram_[128];
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif /* KonamiSCC_hpp */

Components/SN76489/SN76489.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+//
+//  SN76489.cpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 26/02/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include "SN76489.hpp"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+
+using namespace TI;
+
+SN76489::SN76489(Personality personality, Concurrency::DeferringAsyncTaskQueue &task_queue, int additional_divider) : task_queue_(task_queue) {
+	set_sample_volume_range(0);
+
+	switch(personality) {
+		case Personality::SN76494:
+			master_divider_period_ = 2;
+			shifter_is_16bit_ = false;
+		break;
+		case Personality::SN76489:
+			master_divider_period_ = 16;
+			shifter_is_16bit_ = false;
+		break;
+		case Personality::SMS:
+			master_divider_period_ = 16;
+			shifter_is_16bit_ = true;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	assert((master_divider_period_ % additional_divider) == 0);
+	assert(additional_divider < master_divider_period_);
+	master_divider_period_ /= additional_divider;
+}
+
+void SN76489::set_sample_volume_range(std::int16_t range) {
+	// Build a volume table.
+	double multiplier = pow(10.0, -0.1);
+	double volume = static_cast<float>(range) / 4.0f;	// As there are four channels.
+	for(int c = 0; c < 16; ++c) {
+		volumes_[c] = (int)round(volume);
+		volume *= multiplier;
+	}
+	volumes_[15] = 0;
+	evaluate_output_volume();
+}
+
+void SN76489::set_register(uint8_t value) {
+	task_queue_.defer([value, this] () {
+		if(value & 0x80) {
+			active_register_ = value;
+		}
+
+		const int channel = (active_register_ >> 5)&3;
+		if(active_register_ & 0x10) {
+			// latch for volume
+			channels_[channel].volume = value & 0xf;
+			evaluate_output_volume();
+		} else {
+			// latch for tone/data
+			if(channel < 3) {
+				if(value & 0x80) {
+					channels_[channel].divider = (channels_[channel].divider & ~0xf) | (value & 0xf);
+				} else {
+					channels_[channel].divider = static_cast<uint16_t>((channels_[channel].divider & 0xf) | ((value & 0x3f) << 4));
+				}
+			} else {
+				// writes to the noise register always reset the shifter
+				noise_shifter_ = shifter_is_16bit_ ? 0x8000 : 0x4000;
+
+				if(value & 4) {
+					noise_mode_ = shifter_is_16bit_ ? Noise16 : Noise15;
+				} else {
+					noise_mode_ = shifter_is_16bit_ ? Periodic16 : Periodic15;
+				}
+
+				channels_[3].divider = static_cast<uint16_t>(0x10 << (value & 3));
+				// Special case: if these bits are both set, the noise channel should track channel 2,
+				// which is marked with a divider of 0xffff.
+				if(channels_[3].divider == 0x80) channels_[3].divider = 0xffff;
+			}
+		}
+	});
+}
+
+bool SN76489::is_zero_level() {
+	return channels_[0].volume == 0xf && channels_[1].volume == 0xf && channels_[2].volume == 0xf && channels_[3].volume == 0xf;
+}
+
+void SN76489::evaluate_output_volume() {
+	output_volume_ = static_cast<int16_t>(
+		channels_[0].level * volumes_[channels_[0].volume] +
+		channels_[1].level * volumes_[channels_[1].volume] +
+		channels_[2].level * volumes_[channels_[2].volume] +
+		channels_[3].level * volumes_[channels_[3].volume]
+	);
+}
+
+void SN76489::get_samples(std::size_t number_of_samples, std::int16_t *target) {
+	std::size_t c = 0;
+	while((master_divider_& (master_divider_period_ - 1)) && c < number_of_samples) {
+		target[c] = output_volume_;
+		master_divider_++;
+		c++;
+	}
+
+	while(c < number_of_samples) {
+		bool did_flip = false;
+
+#define step_channel(x, s) \
+		if(channels_[x].counter) channels_[x].counter--;\
+		else {\
+			channels_[x].level ^= 1;\
+			channels_[x].counter = channels_[x].divider;\
+			s;\
+		}
+
+		step_channel(0, /**/);
+		step_channel(1, /**/);
+		step_channel(2, did_flip = true);
+
+#undef step_channel
+
+		if(channels_[3].divider != 0xffff) {
+			if(channels_[3].counter) channels_[3].counter--;
+			else {
+				did_flip = true;
+				channels_[3].counter = channels_[3].divider;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if(did_flip) {
+			channels_[3].level = noise_shifter_ & 1;
+			int new_bit = channels_[3].level;
+			switch(noise_mode_) {
+				default: break;
+				case Noise15:
+					new_bit ^= (noise_shifter_ >> 1);
+				break;
+				case Noise16:
+					new_bit ^= (noise_shifter_ >> 3);
+				break;
+			}
+			noise_shifter_ >>= 1;
+			noise_shifter_ |= (new_bit & 1) << (shifter_is_16bit_ ? 15 : 14);
+		}
+
+		evaluate_output_volume();
+
+		for(int ic = 0; ic < master_divider_period_ && c < number_of_samples; ++ic) {
+			target[c] = output_volume_;
+			c++;
+			master_divider_++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	master_divider_ &= (master_divider_period_ - 1);
+}

Components/SN76489/SN76489.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+//
+//  SN76489.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 26/02/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef SN76489_hpp
+#define SN76489_hpp
+
+#include "../../Outputs/Speaker/Implementation/SampleSource.hpp"
+#include "../../Concurrency/AsyncTaskQueue.hpp"
+
+namespace TI {
+
+class SN76489: public Outputs::Speaker::SampleSource {
+	public:
+		enum class Personality {
+			SN76489,
+			SN76494,
+			SMS
+		};
+
+		/// Creates a new SN76489.
+		SN76489(Personality personality, Concurrency::DeferringAsyncTaskQueue &task_queue, int additional_divider = 1);
+
+		/// Writes a new value to the SN76489.
+		void set_register(uint8_t value);
+
+		// As per SampleSource.
+		void get_samples(std::size_t number_of_samples, std::int16_t *target);
+		bool is_zero_level();
+		void set_sample_volume_range(std::int16_t range);
+
+	private:
+		int master_divider_ = 0;
+		int master_divider_period_ = 16;
+		int16_t output_volume_ = 0;
+		void evaluate_output_volume();
+		int volumes_[16];
+
+		Concurrency::DeferringAsyncTaskQueue &task_queue_;
+
+		struct ToneChannel {
+			// Programmatically-set state; updated by the processor.
+			uint16_t divider = 0;
+			uint8_t volume = 0xf;
+
+			// Active state; self-evolving as a function of time.
+			uint16_t counter = 0;
+			int level = 0;
+		} channels_[4];
+		enum {
+			Periodic15,
+			Periodic16,
+			Noise15,
+			Noise16
+		} noise_mode_ = Periodic15;
+		uint16_t noise_shifter_ = 0;
+		int active_register_ = 0;
+
+		bool shifter_is_16bit_ = false;
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif /* SN76489_hpp */

Concurrency/AsyncTaskQueue.cpp

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ AsyncTaskQueue::AsyncTaskQueue()
 
 AsyncTaskQueue::~AsyncTaskQueue() {
 #ifdef __APPLE__
+	flush();
 	dispatch_release(serial_dispatch_queue_);
 	serial_dispatch_queue_ = nullptr;
 #else
@@ -79,3 +80,26 @@ void AsyncTaskQueue::flush() {
 	flush_condition->wait(lock);
 #endif
 }
+
+DeferringAsyncTaskQueue::~DeferringAsyncTaskQueue() {
+	perform();
+	flush();
+}
+
+void DeferringAsyncTaskQueue::defer(std::function<void(void)> function) {
+	if(!deferred_tasks_) {
+		deferred_tasks_.reset(new std::list<std::function<void(void)>>);
+	}
+	deferred_tasks_->push_back(function);
+}
+
+void DeferringAsyncTaskQueue::perform() {
+	if(!deferred_tasks_) return;
+	std::shared_ptr<std::list<std::function<void(void)>>> deferred_tasks = deferred_tasks_;
+	deferred_tasks_.reset();
+	enqueue([deferred_tasks] {
+		for(auto &function : *deferred_tasks) {
+			function();
+		}
+	});
+}

Concurrency/AsyncTaskQueue.hpp

@@ -9,10 +9,12 @@
 #ifndef AsyncTaskQueue_hpp
 #define AsyncTaskQueue_hpp
 
+#include <atomic>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <functional>
+#include <list>
 #include <memory>
 #include <thread>
-#include <list>
-#include <condition_variable>
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
 #include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ namespace Concurrency {
 class AsyncTaskQueue {
 	public:
 		AsyncTaskQueue();
-		~AsyncTaskQueue();
+		virtual ~AsyncTaskQueue();
 
 		/*!
 			Adds @c function to the queue.
@@ -57,6 +59,39 @@ class AsyncTaskQueue {
 #endif
 };
 
+/*!
+	A deferring async task queue is one that accepts a list of functions to be performed but defers
+	any action until told to perform. It performs them by enquing a single asynchronous task that will
+	perform the deferred tasks in order.
+
+	It therefore offers similar semantics to an asynchronous task queue, but allows for management of
+	synchronisation costs, since neither defer nor perform make any effort to be thread safe.
+*/
+class DeferringAsyncTaskQueue: public AsyncTaskQueue {
+	public:
+		~DeferringAsyncTaskQueue();
+
+		/*!
+			Adds a function to the deferral list.
+
+			This is not thread safe; it should be serialised with other calls to itself and to perform.
+		*/
+		void defer(std::function<void(void)> function);
+
+		/*!
+			Enqueues a function that will perform all currently deferred functions, in the
+			order that they were deferred.
+
+			This is not thread safe; it should be serialised with other calls to itself and to defer.
+		*/
+		void perform();
+
+	private:
+		// TODO: this is a shared_ptr because of the issues capturing moveables in C++11;
+		// switch to a unique_ptr if/when adapting to C++14
+		std::shared_ptr<std::list<std::function<void(void)>>> deferred_tasks_;
+};
+
 }
 
 #endif /* Concurrency_hpp */

Concurrency/BestEffortUpdater.cpp

@@ -12,6 +12,16 @@
 
 using namespace Concurrency;
 
+BestEffortUpdater::BestEffortUpdater() {
+	// ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT isn't necessarily safe to use, so establish default state by other means.
+	update_is_ongoing_.clear();
+}
+
+BestEffortUpdater::~BestEffortUpdater() {
+	// Don't allow further deconstruction until the task queue is stopped.
+	flush();
+}
+
 void BestEffortUpdater::update() {
 	// Perform an update only if one is not currently ongoing.
 	if(!update_is_ongoing_.test_and_set()) {
@@ -26,13 +36,11 @@ void BestEffortUpdater::update() {
 				// If the duration is valid, convert it to integer cycles, maintaining a rolling error and call the delegate
 				// if there is one. Proceed only if the number of cycles is positive, and cap it to the per-second maximum —
 				// it's possible this is an adjustable clock so be ready to swallow unexpected adjustments.
-				const int64_t duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(elapsed).count();
+				const int64_t integer_duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(elapsed).count();
-				if(duration > 0) {
+				if(integer_duration > 0) {
-					double cycles = ((static_cast<double>(duration) * clock_rate_) / 1e9) + error_;
-					error_ = fmod(cycles, 1.0);
-
 					if(delegate_) {
-						delegate_->update(this, static_cast<int>(std::min(cycles, clock_rate_)), has_skipped_);
+						const double duration = static_cast<double>(integer_duration) / 1e9;
+						delegate_->update(this, duration, has_skipped_);
 					}
 					has_skipped_ = false;
 				}
@@ -60,8 +68,3 @@ void BestEffortUpdater::set_delegate(Delegate *const delegate) {
 	});
 }
 
-void BestEffortUpdater::set_clock_rate(const double clock_rate) {
-	async_task_queue_.enqueue([this, clock_rate]() {
-		this->clock_rate_ = clock_rate;
-	});
-}

Concurrency/BestEffortUpdater.hpp

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <chrono>
 
 #include "AsyncTaskQueue.hpp"
+#include "../ClockReceiver/TimeTypes.hpp"
 
 namespace Concurrency {
 
@@ -25,17 +26,17 @@ namespace Concurrency {
 */
 class BestEffortUpdater {
 	public:
+		BestEffortUpdater();
+		~BestEffortUpdater();
+
 		/// A delegate receives timing cues.
 		struct Delegate {
-			virtual void update(BestEffortUpdater *updater, int cycles, bool did_skip_previous_update) = 0;
+			virtual void update(BestEffortUpdater *updater, Time::Seconds duration, bool did_skip_previous_update) = 0;
 		};
 
 		/// Sets the current delegate.
 		void set_delegate(Delegate *);
 
-		/// Sets the clock rate of the delegate.
-		void set_clock_rate(double clock_rate);
-
 		/*!
 			If the delegate is not currently in the process of an `update` call, calls it now to catch up to the current time.
 			The call is asynchronous; this method will return immediately.
@@ -51,11 +52,9 @@ class BestEffortUpdater {
 
 		std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::high_resolution_clock> previous_time_point_;
 		bool has_previous_time_point_ = false;
-		double error_ = 0.0;
 		bool has_skipped_ = false;
 
 		Delegate *delegate_ = nullptr;
-		double clock_rate_ = 1.0;
 };
 
 }

Configurable/Configurable.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//
+//  Configurable.cpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 18/11/2017.
+//  Copyright © 2017 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include "Configurable.hpp"
+
+using namespace Configurable;
+
+ListSelection *BooleanSelection::list_selection() {
+	return new ListSelection(value ? "yes" : "no");
+}
+
+ListSelection *ListSelection::list_selection() {
+	return new ListSelection(value);
+}
+
+BooleanSelection *ListSelection::boolean_selection() {
+	return new BooleanSelection(value != "no" && value != "n");
+}
+
+BooleanSelection *BooleanSelection::boolean_selection() {
+	return new BooleanSelection(value);
+}

Configurable/Configurable.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+//
+//  Configurable.h
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 17/11/2017.
+//  Copyright © 2017 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef Configurable_h
+#define Configurable_h
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Configurable {
+
+/*!
+	The Option class hierarchy provides a way for components, machines, etc, to provide a named
+	list of typed options to which they can respond.
+*/
+struct Option {
+	std::string long_name;
+	std::string short_name;
+	virtual ~Option() {}
+
+	Option(const std::string &long_name, const std::string &short_name) : long_name(long_name), short_name(short_name) {}
+
+	virtual bool operator==(const Option &rhs) {
+		return long_name == rhs.long_name && short_name == rhs.short_name;
+	}
+};
+
+struct BooleanOption: public Option {
+	BooleanOption(const std::string &long_name, const std::string &short_name) : Option(long_name, short_name) {}
+};
+
+struct ListOption: public Option {
+	std::vector<std::string> options;
+	ListOption(const std::string &long_name, const std::string &short_name, const std::vector<std::string> &options) : Option(long_name, short_name), options(options) {}
+
+	virtual bool operator==(const Option &rhs) {
+		const ListOption *list_rhs = dynamic_cast<const ListOption *>(&rhs);
+		if(!list_rhs) return false;
+		return long_name == rhs.long_name && short_name == rhs.short_name && options == list_rhs->options;
+	}
+};
+
+struct BooleanSelection;
+struct ListSelection;
+
+/*!
+	Selections are responses to Options.
+*/
+struct Selection {
+	virtual ~Selection() {}
+	virtual ListSelection *list_selection() = 0;
+	virtual BooleanSelection *boolean_selection() = 0;
+};
+
+struct BooleanSelection: public Selection {
+	bool value;
+
+	ListSelection *list_selection();
+	BooleanSelection *boolean_selection();
+	BooleanSelection(bool value) : value(value) {}
+};
+
+struct ListSelection: public Selection {
+	std::string value;
+	
+	ListSelection *list_selection();
+	BooleanSelection *boolean_selection();
+	ListSelection(const std::string value) : value(value) {}
+};
+
+using SelectionSet = std::map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<Selection>>;
+
+/*!
+	A Configuratble provides the options that it responds to and allows selections to be set.
+*/
+struct Device {
+	virtual std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Option>> get_options() = 0;
+	virtual void set_selections(const SelectionSet &selection_by_option) = 0;
+	virtual SelectionSet get_accurate_selections() = 0;
+	virtual SelectionSet get_user_friendly_selections() = 0;
+};
+
+template <typename T> T *selection(const Configurable::SelectionSet &selections_by_option, const std::string &name) {
+	auto selection = selections_by_option.find(name);
+	if(selection == selections_by_option.end()) return nullptr;
+	return dynamic_cast<T *>(selection->second.get());
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif /* Configurable_h */

Configurable/StandardOptions.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+//
+//  StandardOptions.cpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 20/11/2017.
+//  Copyright © 2017 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#include "StandardOptions.hpp"
+
+namespace {
+
+/*!
+	Appends a Boolean selection of @c selection for option @c name to @c selection_set.
+*/
+void append_bool(Configurable::SelectionSet &selection_set, const std::string &name, bool selection) {
+	selection_set[name] = std::unique_ptr<Configurable::Selection>(new Configurable::BooleanSelection(selection));
+}
+
+/*!
+	Enquires for a Boolean selection for option @c name from @c selections_by_option, storing it to @c result if found.
+*/
+bool get_bool(const Configurable::SelectionSet &selections_by_option, const std::string &name, bool &result) {
+	auto quickload = Configurable::selection<Configurable::BooleanSelection>(selections_by_option, "quickload");
+	if(!quickload) return false;
+	result = quickload->value;
+	return true;
+}
+
+}
+
+// MARK: - Standard option list builder
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Configurable::Option>> Configurable::standard_options(Configurable::StandardOptions mask) {
+	std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Configurable::Option>> options;
+	if(mask & QuickLoadTape)				options.emplace_back(new Configurable::BooleanOption("Load Tapes Quickly", "quickload"));
+	if(mask & (DisplayRGB | DisplayComposite | DisplaySVideo)) {
+		std::vector<std::string> display_options;
+		if(mask & DisplayComposite)	display_options.emplace_back("composite");
+		if(mask & DisplaySVideo) 	display_options.emplace_back("svideo");
+		if(mask & DisplayRGB) 		display_options.emplace_back("rgb");
+		options.emplace_back(new Configurable::ListOption("Display", "display", display_options));
+	}
+	if(mask & AutomaticTapeMotorControl)	options.emplace_back(new Configurable::BooleanOption("Automatic Tape Motor Control", "autotapemotor"));
+	return options;
+}
+
+// MARK: - Selection appenders
+void Configurable::append_quick_load_tape_selection(Configurable::SelectionSet &selection_set, bool selection) {
+	append_bool(selection_set, "quickload", selection);
+}
+
+void Configurable::append_automatic_tape_motor_control_selection(SelectionSet &selection_set, bool selection) {
+	append_bool(selection_set, "autotapemotor", selection);
+}
+
+void Configurable::append_display_selection(Configurable::SelectionSet &selection_set, Display selection) {
+	std::string string_selection;
+	switch(selection) {
+		default:
+		case Display::RGB:			string_selection = "rgb";		break;
+		case Display::SVideo:		string_selection = "svideo";	break;
+		case Display::Composite:	string_selection = "composite";	break;
+	}
+	selection_set["display"] = std::unique_ptr<Configurable::Selection>(new Configurable::ListSelection(string_selection));
+}
+
+// MARK: - Selection parsers
+bool Configurable::get_quick_load_tape(const Configurable::SelectionSet &selections_by_option, bool &result) {
+	return get_bool(selections_by_option, "quickload", result);
+}
+
+bool Configurable::get_automatic_tape_motor_control_selection(const SelectionSet &selections_by_option, bool &result) {
+	return get_bool(selections_by_option, "autotapemotor", result);
+}
+
+bool Configurable::get_display(const Configurable::SelectionSet &selections_by_option, Configurable::Display &result) {
+	auto display = Configurable::selection<Configurable::ListSelection>(selections_by_option, "display");
+	if(display) {
+		if(display->value == "rgb") {
+			result = Configurable::Display::RGB;
+			return true;
+		}
+		if(display->value == "svideo") {
+			result = Configurable::Display::SVideo;
+			return true;
+		}
+		if(display->value == "composite") {
+			result = Configurable::Display::Composite;
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+	return false;
+}

Configurable/StandardOptions.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+//
+//  StandardOptions.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 20/11/2017.
+//  Copyright © 2017 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef StandardOptions_hpp
+#define StandardOptions_hpp
+
+#include "Configurable.hpp"
+
+namespace Configurable {
+
+enum StandardOptions {
+	DisplayRGB					= (1 << 0),
+	DisplaySVideo				= (1 << 1),
+	DisplayComposite			= (1 << 2),
+	QuickLoadTape				= (1 << 3),
+	AutomaticTapeMotorControl	= (1 << 4)
+};
+
+enum class Display {
+	RGB,
+	SVideo,
+	Composite
+};
+
+/*!
+	@returns An option list comprised of the standard names for all the options indicated by @c mask.
+*/
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Option>> standard_options(StandardOptions mask);
+
+/*!
+	Appends to @c selection_set a selection of @c selection for QuickLoadTape.
+*/
+void append_quick_load_tape_selection(SelectionSet &selection_set, bool selection);
+
+/*!
+	Appends to @c selection_set a selection of @c selection for AutomaticTapeMotorControl.
+*/
+void append_automatic_tape_motor_control_selection(SelectionSet &selection_set, bool selection);
+
+/*!
+	Appends to @c selection_set a selection of @c selection for DisplayRGBComposite.
+*/
+void append_display_selection(SelectionSet &selection_set, Display selection);
+
+/*!
+	Attempts to discern a QuickLoadTape selection from @c selections_by_option.
+ 
+	@param selections_by_option The user selections.
+	@param result The location to which the selection will be stored if found.
+	@returns @c true if a selection is found; @c false otherwise.
+*/
+bool get_quick_load_tape(const SelectionSet &selections_by_option, bool &result);
+
+/*!
+	Attempts to discern an AutomaticTapeMotorControl selection from @c selections_by_option.
+ 
+	@param selections_by_option The user selections.
+	@param result The location to which the selection will be stored if found.
+	@returns @c true if a selection is found; @c false otherwise.
+*/
+bool get_automatic_tape_motor_control_selection(const SelectionSet &selections_by_option, bool &result);
+
+/*!
+	Attempts to discern a display RGB/composite selection from @c selections_by_option.
+ 
+	@param selections_by_option The user selections.
+	@param result The location to which the selection will be stored if found.
+	@returns @c true if a selection is found; @c false otherwise.
+*/
+bool get_display(const SelectionSet &selections_by_option, Display &result);
+
+}
+
+#endif /* StandardOptions_hpp */

Inputs/Joystick.hpp

@@ -21,18 +21,45 @@ class Joystick {
 	public:
 		virtual ~Joystick() {}
 
-		enum class DigitalInput {
+		struct DigitalInput {
-			Up, Down, Left, Right, Fire
+			enum Type {
+				Up, Down, Left, Right, Fire,
+				Key
+			} type;
+			union {
+				struct {
+					int index;
+				} control;
+				struct {
+					wchar_t symbol;
+				} key;
+			} info;
+
+			DigitalInput(Type type, int index = 0) : type(type) {
+				info.control.index = index;
+			}
+			DigitalInput(wchar_t symbol) : type(Key) {
+				info.key.symbol = symbol;
+			}
+
+			bool operator == (const DigitalInput &rhs) {
+				if(rhs.type != type) return false;
+				if(rhs.type == Key) {
+					return rhs.info.key.symbol == info.key.symbol;
+				} else {
+					return rhs.info.control.index == info.control.index;
+				}
+			}
 		};
 
+		virtual std::vector<DigitalInput> get_inputs() = 0;
+
 		// Host interface.
-		virtual void set_digital_input(DigitalInput digital_input, bool is_active) = 0;
+		virtual void set_digital_input(const DigitalInput &digital_input, bool is_active) = 0;
 		virtual void reset_all_inputs() {
-			set_digital_input(DigitalInput::Up, false);
+			for(const auto &input: get_inputs()) {
-			set_digital_input(DigitalInput::Down, false);
+				set_digital_input(input, false);
-			set_digital_input(DigitalInput::Left, false);
+			}
-			set_digital_input(DigitalInput::Right, false);
-			set_digital_input(DigitalInput::Fire, false);
 		}
 };
 

Inputs/Keyboard.cpp

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ using namespace Inputs;
 Keyboard::Keyboard() {}
 
 void Keyboard::set_key_pressed(Key key, bool is_pressed) {
-	size_t key_offset = static_cast<size_t>(key);
+	std::size_t key_offset = static_cast<std::size_t>(key);
 	if(key_offset >= key_states_.size()) {
 		key_states_.resize(key_offset+1, false);
 	}
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ void Keyboard::set_delegate(Delegate *delegate) {
 }
 
 bool Keyboard::get_key_state(Key key) {
-	size_t key_offset = static_cast<size_t>(key);
+	std::size_t key_offset = static_cast<std::size_t>(key);
 	if(key_offset >= key_states_.size()) return false;
 	return key_states_[key_offset];
 }

Machines/AmstradCPC/AmstradCPC.cpp

@@ -20,12 +20,29 @@
 #include "../Utility/MemoryFuzzer.hpp"
 #include "../Utility/Typer.hpp"
 
+#include "../ConfigurationTarget.hpp"
+#include "../CRTMachine.hpp"
+#include "../KeyboardMachine.hpp"
+
 #include "../../Storage/Tape/Tape.hpp"
 
 #include "../../ClockReceiver/ForceInline.hpp"
+#include "../../Outputs/Speaker/Implementation/LowpassSpeaker.hpp"
+
+#include "../../Analyser/Static/AmstradCPC/Target.hpp"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace AmstradCPC {
 
+enum ROMType: int {
+	OS464 = 0,	BASIC464,
+	OS664,		BASIC664,
+	OS6128,		BASIC6128,
+	AMSDOS
+};
+
 /*!
 	Models the CPC's interrupt timer. Inputs are vsync, hsync, interrupt acknowledge and reset, and its output
 	is simply yes or no on whether an interupt is currently requested. Internally it uses a counter with a period
@@ -105,14 +122,12 @@ class InterruptTimer {
 class AYDeferrer {
 	public:
 		/// Constructs a new AY instance and sets its clock rate.
-		inline void setup_output() {
+		AYDeferrer() : ay_(audio_queue_), speaker_(ay_) {
-			ay_.reset(new GI::AY38910::AY38910);
+			speaker_.set_input_rate(1000000);
-			ay_->set_input_rate(1000000);
 		}
 
-		/// Destructs the AY.
+		~AYDeferrer() {
-		inline void close_output() {
+			audio_queue_.flush();
-			ay_.reset();
 		}
 
 		/// Adds @c half_cycles half cycles to the amount of time that has passed.
@@ -122,26 +137,28 @@ class AYDeferrer {
 
 		/// Enqueues an update-to-now into the AY's deferred queue.
 		inline void update() {
-			ay_->run_for(cycles_since_update_.divide_cycles(Cycles(4)));
+			speaker_.run_for(audio_queue_, cycles_since_update_.divide_cycles(Cycles(4)));
 		}
 
 		/// Issues a request to the AY to perform all processing up to the current time.
 		inline void flush() {
-			ay_->flush();
+			audio_queue_.perform();
 		}
 
 		/// @returns the speaker the AY is using for output.
-		std::shared_ptr<Outputs::Speaker> get_speaker() {
+		Outputs::Speaker::Speaker *get_speaker() {
-			return ay_;
+			return &speaker_;
 		}
 
 		/// @returns the AY itself.
-		GI::AY38910::AY38910 *ay() {
+		GI::AY38910::AY38910 &ay() {
-			return ay_.get();
+			return ay_;
 		}
 
 	private:
-		std::shared_ptr<GI::AY38910::AY38910> ay_;
+		Concurrency::DeferringAsyncTaskQueue audio_queue_;
+		GI::AY38910::AY38910 ay_;
+		Outputs::Speaker::LowpassSpeaker<GI::AY38910::AY38910> speaker_;
 		HalfCycles cycles_since_update_;
 };
 
@@ -300,7 +317,7 @@ class CRTCBusHandler {
 					"return vec3(float((sample >> 4) & 3u), float((sample >> 2) & 3u), float(sample & 3u)) / 2.0;"
 				"}");
 			crt_->set_visible_area(Outputs::CRT::Rect(0.075f, 0.05f, 0.9f, 0.9f));
-			crt_->set_output_device(Outputs::CRT::Monitor);
+			crt_->set_video_signal(Outputs::CRT::VideoSignal::RGB);
 		}
 
 		/// Destructs the CRT.
@@ -309,8 +326,8 @@ class CRTCBusHandler {
 		}
 
 		/// @returns the CRT.
-		std::shared_ptr<Outputs::CRT::CRT> get_crt() {
+		Outputs::CRT::CRT *get_crt() {
-			return crt_;
+			return crt_.get();
 		}
 
 		/*!
@@ -493,7 +510,7 @@ class CRTCBusHandler {
 		bool was_enabled_ = false, was_sync_ = false, was_hsync_ = false, was_vsync_ = false;
 		int cycles_into_hsync_ = 0;
 
-		std::shared_ptr<Outputs::CRT::CRT> crt_;
+		std::unique_ptr<Outputs::CRT::CRT> crt_;
 		uint8_t *pixel_data_ = nullptr, *pixel_pointer_ = nullptr;
 
 		uint8_t *ram_ = nullptr;
@@ -602,9 +619,9 @@ class i8255PortHandler : public Intel::i8255::PortHandler {
 			const Motorola::CRTC::CRTC6845<CRTCBusHandler> &crtc,
 			AYDeferrer &ay,
 			Storage::Tape::BinaryTapePlayer &tape_player) :
-				key_state_(key_state),
-				crtc_(crtc),
 				ay_(ay),
+				crtc_(crtc),
+				key_state_(key_state),
 				tape_player_(tape_player) {}
 
 		/// The i8255 will call this to set a new output value of @c value for @c port.
@@ -613,7 +630,7 @@ class i8255PortHandler : public Intel::i8255::PortHandler {
 				case 0:
 					// Port A is connected to the AY's data bus.
 					ay_.update();
-					ay_.ay()->set_data_input(value);
+					ay_.ay().set_data_input(value);
 				break;
 				case 1:
 					// Port B is an input only. So output goes nowehere.
@@ -629,7 +646,7 @@ class i8255PortHandler : public Intel::i8255::PortHandler {
 					tape_player_.set_tape_output((value & 0x20) ? true : false);
 
 					// Bits 6 and 7 set BDIR and BC1 for the AY.
-					ay_.ay()->set_control_lines(
+					ay_.ay().set_control_lines(
 						(GI::AY38910::ControlLines)(
 							((value & 0x80) ? GI::AY38910::BDIR : 0) |
 							((value & 0x40) ? GI::AY38910::BC1 : 0) |
@@ -642,7 +659,7 @@ class i8255PortHandler : public Intel::i8255::PortHandler {
 		/// The i8255 will call this to obtain a new input for @c port.
 		uint8_t get_value(int port) {
 			switch(port) {
-				case 0: return ay_.ay()->get_data_output();	// Port A is wired to the AY
+				case 0: return ay_.ay().get_data_output();	// Port A is wired to the AY
 				case 1:	return
 					(crtc_.get_bus_state().vsync ? 0x01 : 0x00) |	// Bit 0 returns CRTC vsync.
 					(tape_player_.get_input() ? 0x80 : 0x00) |		// Bit 7 returns cassette input.
@@ -658,8 +675,8 @@ class i8255PortHandler : public Intel::i8255::PortHandler {
 
 	private:
 		AYDeferrer &ay_;
-		KeyboardState &key_state_;
 		const Motorola::CRTC::CRTC6845<CRTCBusHandler> &crtc_;
+		KeyboardState &key_state_;
 		Storage::Tape::BinaryTapePlayer &tape_player_;
 };
 
@@ -667,6 +684,9 @@ class i8255PortHandler : public Intel::i8255::PortHandler {
 	The actual Amstrad CPC implementation; tying the 8255, 6845 and AY to the Z80.
 */
 class ConcreteMachine:
+	public CRTMachine::Machine,
+	public ConfigurationTarget::Machine,
+	public KeyboardMachine::Machine,
 	public Utility::TypeRecipient,
 	public CPU::Z80::BusHandler,
 	public Sleeper::SleepObserver,
@@ -674,12 +694,13 @@ class ConcreteMachine:
 	public:
 		ConcreteMachine() :
 			z80_(*this),
-			crtc_counter_(HalfCycles(4)),	// This starts the CRTC exactly out of phase with the CPU's memory accesses
-			crtc_(Motorola::CRTC::HD6845S, crtc_bus_handler_),
 			crtc_bus_handler_(ram_, interrupt_timer_),
-			i8255_(i8255_port_handler_),
+			crtc_(Motorola::CRTC::HD6845S, crtc_bus_handler_),
 			i8255_port_handler_(key_state_, crtc_, ay_, tape_player_),
-			tape_player_(8000000) {
+			i8255_(i8255_port_handler_),
+			tape_player_(8000000),
+			crtc_counter_(HalfCycles(4))	// This starts the CRTC exactly out of phase with the CPU's memory accesses
+		{
 			// primary clock is 4Mhz
 			set_clock_rate(4000000);
 
@@ -692,6 +713,8 @@ class ConcreteMachine:
 
 			tape_player_.set_sleep_observer(this);
 			tape_player_is_sleeping_ = tape_player_.is_sleeping();
+
+			ay_.ay().set_port_handler(&key_state_);
 		}
 
 		/// The entry point for performing a partial Z80 machine cycle.
@@ -834,23 +857,20 @@ class ConcreteMachine:
 		/// A CRTMachine function; indicates that outputs should be created now.
 		void setup_output(float aspect_ratio) override final {
 			crtc_bus_handler_.setup_output(aspect_ratio);
-			ay_.setup_output();
-			ay_.ay()->set_port_handler(&key_state_);
 		}
 
 		/// A CRTMachine function; indicates that outputs should be destroyed now.
 		void close_output() override final {
 			crtc_bus_handler_.close_output();
-			ay_.close_output();
 		}
 
 		/// @returns the CRT in use.
-		std::shared_ptr<Outputs::CRT::CRT> get_crt() override final {
+		Outputs::CRT::CRT *get_crt() override final {
 			return crtc_bus_handler_.get_crt();
 		}
 
 		/// @returns the speaker in use.
-		std::shared_ptr<Outputs::Speaker> get_speaker() override final {
+		Outputs::Speaker::Speaker *get_speaker() override final {
 			return ay_.get_speaker();
 		}
 
@@ -860,19 +880,21 @@ class ConcreteMachine:
 		}
 
 		/// The ConfigurationTarget entry point; should configure this meachine as described by @c target.
-		void configure_as_target(const StaticAnalyser::Target &target) override final  {
+		void configure_as_target(const Analyser::Static::Target *target) override final  {
-			switch(target.amstradcpc.model) {
+			auto *const cpc_target = dynamic_cast<const Analyser::Static::AmstradCPC::Target *>(target);
-				case StaticAnalyser::AmstradCPCModel::CPC464:
+
+			switch(cpc_target->model) {
+				case Analyser::Static::AmstradCPC::Target::Model::CPC464:
 					rom_model_ = ROMType::OS464;
 					has_128k_ = false;
 					has_fdc_ = false;
 				break;
-				case StaticAnalyser::AmstradCPCModel::CPC664:
+				case Analyser::Static::AmstradCPC::Target::Model::CPC664:
 					rom_model_ = ROMType::OS664;
 					has_128k_ = false;
 					has_fdc_ = true;
 				break;
-				case StaticAnalyser::AmstradCPCModel::CPC6128:
+				case Analyser::Static::AmstradCPC::Target::Model::CPC6128:
 					rom_model_ = ROMType::OS6128;
 					has_128k_ = true;
 					has_fdc_ = true;
@@ -894,14 +916,14 @@ class ConcreteMachine:
 			read_pointers_[3] = roms_[upper_rom_].data();
 
 			// Type whatever is required.
-			if(target.loadingCommand.length()) {
+			if(target->loading_command.length()) {
-				set_typer_for_string(target.loadingCommand.c_str());
+				type_string(target->loading_command);
 			}
 
-			insert_media(target.media);
+			insert_media(target->media);
 		}
 
-		bool insert_media(const StaticAnalyser::Media &media) override final {
+		bool insert_media(const Analyser::Static::Media &media) override final {
 			// If there are any tapes supplied, use the first of them.
 			if(!media.tapes.empty()) {
 				tape_player_.set_tape(media.tapes.front());
@@ -918,9 +940,25 @@ class ConcreteMachine:
 			return !media.tapes.empty() || (!media.disks.empty() && has_fdc_);
 		}
 
-		// See header; provides the system ROMs.
+		// Obtains the system ROMs.
-		void set_rom(ROMType type, std::vector<uint8_t> data) override final {
+		bool set_rom_fetcher(const std::function<std::vector<std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>>>(const std::string &machine, const std::vector<std::string> &names)> &roms_with_names) override {
-			roms_[static_cast<int>(type)] = data;
+			auto roms = roms_with_names(
+				"AmstradCPC",
+				{
+					"os464.rom",	"basic464.rom",
+					"os664.rom",	"basic664.rom",
+					"os6128.rom",	"basic6128.rom",
+					"amsdos.rom"
+				});
+
+			for(std::size_t index = 0; index < roms.size(); ++index) {
+				auto &data = roms[index];
+				if(!data) return false;
+				roms_[static_cast<int>(index)] = std::move(*data);
+				roms_[static_cast<int>(index)].resize(16384);
+			}
+
+			return true;
 		}
 
 		void set_component_is_sleeping(void *component, bool is_sleeping) override final {
@@ -928,11 +966,11 @@ class ConcreteMachine:
 			tape_player_is_sleeping_ = tape_player_.is_sleeping();
 		}
 
-#pragma mark - Keyboard
+// MARK: - Keyboard
 
-		void set_typer_for_string(const char *string) override final {
+		void type_string(const std::string &string) override final {
 			std::unique_ptr<CharacterMapper> mapper(new CharacterMapper());
-			Utility::TypeRecipient::set_typer_for_string(string, std::move(mapper));
+			Utility::TypeRecipient::add_typer(string, std::move(mapper));
 		}
 
 		HalfCycles get_typer_delay() override final {
@@ -953,8 +991,8 @@ class ConcreteMachine:
 			key_state_.clear_all_keys();
 		}
 
-		KeyboardMapper &get_keyboard_mapper() override {
+		KeyboardMapper *get_keyboard_mapper() override {
-			return keyboard_mapper_;
+			return &keyboard_mapper_;
 		}
 
 	private: