Merge pull request #543 from TomHarte/CFBundleTypeOSTypes

Removes `LSItemContentTypes` so as not to reject files.

Analyser/Static/AppleII/Target.hpp

@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ struct Target: public ::Analyser::Static::Target {
 	enum class Model {
 		II,
 		IIplus,
-		IIe
+		IIe,
+		EnhancedIIe
 	};
 	enum class DiskController {
 		None,

ClockReceiver/ClockDeferrer.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+//
+//  ClockDeferrer.hpp
+//  Clock Signal
+//
+//  Created by Thomas Harte on 23/08/2018.
+//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
+//
+
+#ifndef ClockDeferrer_h
+#define ClockDeferrer_h
+
+#include <vector>
+
+/*!
+	A ClockDeferrer maintains a list of ordered actions and the times at which
+	they should happen, and divides a total execution period up into the portions
+	that occur between those actions, triggering each action when it is reached.
+*/
+template <typename TimeUnit> class ClockDeferrer {
+	public:
+		/// Constructs a ClockDeferrer that will call target(period) in between deferred actions.
+		ClockDeferrer(std::function<void(TimeUnit)> &&target) : target_(std::move(target)) {}
+
+		/*!
+			Schedules @c action to occur in @c delay units of time.
+
+			Actions must be scheduled in the order they will occur. It is undefined behaviour
+			to schedule them out of order.
+		*/
+		void defer(TimeUnit delay, const std::function<void(void)> &action) {
+			pending_actions_.emplace_back(delay, action);
+		}
+
+		/*!
+			Runs for @c length units of time.
+
+			The constructor-supplied target will be called with one or more periods that add up to @c length;
+			any scheduled actions will be called between periods.
+		*/
+		void run_for(TimeUnit length) {
+			// If there are no pending actions, just run for the entire length.
+			// This should be the normal branch.
+			if(pending_actions_.empty()) {
+				target_(length);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// Divide the time to run according to the pending actions.
+			while(length > TimeUnit(0)) {
+				TimeUnit next_period = pending_actions_.empty() ? length : std::min(length, pending_actions_[0].delay);
+				target_(next_period);
+				length -= next_period;
+
+				off_t performances = 0;
+				for(auto &action: pending_actions_) {
+					action.delay -= next_period;
+					if(!action.delay) {
+						action.action();
+						++performances;
+					}
+				}
+				if(performances) {
+					pending_actions_.erase(pending_actions_.begin(), pending_actions_.begin() + performances);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+	private:
+		std::function<void(TimeUnit)> target_;
+
+		// The list of deferred actions.
+		struct DeferredAction {
+			TimeUnit delay;
+			std::function<void(void)> action;
+
+			DeferredAction(TimeUnit delay, const std::function<void(void)> &action) : delay(delay), action(std::move(action)) {}
+		};
+		std::vector<DeferredAction> pending_actions_;
+};
+
+#endif /* ClockDeferrer_h */

Machines/AppleII/AppleII.cpp

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "../../Components/AudioToggle/AudioToggle.hpp"
 
 #include "../../Outputs/Speaker/Implementation/LowpassSpeaker.hpp"
+#include "../../Outputs/Log.hpp"
 
 #include "Card.hpp"
 #include "DiskIICard.hpp"
@@ -34,7 +35,9 @@
 
 namespace {
 
-template <bool is_iie> class ConcreteMachine:
+#define is_iie() ((model == Analyser::Static::AppleII::Target::Model::IIe) || (model == Analyser::Static::AppleII::Target::Model::EnhancedIIe))
+
+template <Analyser::Static::AppleII::Target::Model model> class ConcreteMachine:
 	public CRTMachine::Machine,
 	public MediaTarget::Machine,
 	public KeyboardMachine::Machine,
@@ -49,20 +52,18 @@ template <bool is_iie> class ConcreteMachine:
 			public:
 				VideoBusHandler(uint8_t *ram, uint8_t *aux_ram) : ram_(ram), aux_ram_(aux_ram) {}
 
-				uint8_t perform_read(uint16_t address) {
-					return ram_[address];
-				}
-				uint16_t perform_aux_read(uint16_t address) {
-					return static_cast<uint16_t>(ram_[address] | (aux_ram_[address] << 8));
+				void perform_read(uint16_t address, size_t count, uint8_t *base_target, uint8_t *auxiliary_target) {
+					memcpy(base_target, &ram_[address], count);
+					memcpy(auxiliary_target, &aux_ram_[address], count);
 				}
 
 			private:
 				uint8_t *ram_, *aux_ram_;
 		};
 
-		CPU::MOS6502::Processor<ConcreteMachine, false> m6502_;
+		CPU::MOS6502::Processor<(model == Analyser::Static::AppleII::Target::Model::EnhancedIIe) ? CPU::MOS6502::Personality::PSynertek65C02 : CPU::MOS6502::Personality::P6502, ConcreteMachine, false> m6502_;
 		VideoBusHandler video_bus_handler_;
-		std::unique_ptr<AppleII::Video::Video<VideoBusHandler, is_iie>> video_;
+		std::unique_ptr<AppleII::Video::Video<VideoBusHandler, is_iie()>> video_;
 		int cycles_into_current_line_ = 0;
 		Cycles cycles_since_video_update_;
 
@@ -87,6 +88,14 @@ template <bool is_iie> class ConcreteMachine:
 		uint8_t keyboard_input_ = 0x00;
 		bool key_is_down_ = false;
 
+		uint8_t get_keyboard_input() {
+			if(string_serialiser_) {
+				return string_serialiser_->head() | 0x80;
+			} else {
+				return keyboard_input_;
+			}
+		}
+
 		Concurrency::DeferringAsyncTaskQueue audio_queue_;
 		Audio::Toggle audio_toggle_;
 		Outputs::Speaker::LowpassSpeaker<Audio::Toggle> speaker_;
@@ -179,7 +188,7 @@ template <bool is_iie> class ConcreteMachine:
 		bool has_language_card_ = true;
 		void set_language_card_paging() {
 			uint8_t *const ram = alternative_zero_page_ ? aux_ram_ : ram_;
-			uint8_t *const rom = is_iie ? &rom_[3840] : rom_.data();
+			uint8_t *const rom = is_iie() ? &rom_[3840] : rom_.data();
 
 			page(0xd0, 0xe0,
 				language_card_.read ? &ram[language_card_.bank1 ? 0xd000 : 0xc000] : rom,
@@ -345,6 +354,11 @@ template <bool is_iie> class ConcreteMachine:
 					rom_names.push_back("apple2eu-character.rom");
 					rom_names.push_back("apple2eu.rom");
 				break;
+				case Target::Model::EnhancedIIe:
+					rom_size += 3840;
+					rom_names.push_back("apple2e-character.rom");
+					rom_names.push_back("apple2e.rom");
+				break;
 			}
 			const auto roms = rom_fetcher("AppleII", rom_names);
 
@@ -383,7 +397,7 @@ template <bool is_iie> class ConcreteMachine:
 		}
 
 		void setup_output(float aspect_ratio) override {
-			video_.reset(new AppleII::Video::Video<VideoBusHandler, is_iie>(video_bus_handler_));
+			video_.reset(new AppleII::Video::Video<VideoBusHandler, is_iie()>(video_bus_handler_));
 			video_->set_character_rom(character_rom_);
 		}
 
@@ -420,9 +434,12 @@ template <bool is_iie> class ConcreteMachine:
 			bool has_updated_cards = false;
 			if(read_pages_[address >> 8]) {
 				if(isReadOperation(operation)) *value = read_pages_[address >> 8][address & 0xff];
-				else if(write_pages_[address >> 8]) write_pages_[address >> 8][address & 0xff] = *value;
+				else {
+					if(address >= 0x200 && address < 0x6000) update_video();
+					if(write_pages_[address >> 8]) write_pages_[address >> 8][address & 0xff] = *value;
+				}
 
-				if(is_iie && address >= 0xc300 && address < 0xd000) {
+				if(is_iie() && address >= 0xc300 && address < 0xd000) {
 					bool internal_c8_rom = internal_c8_rom_;
 					internal_c8_rom |= ((address >> 8) == 0xc3) && !slot_C3_rom_;
 					internal_c8_rom &= (address != 0xcfff);
@@ -457,18 +474,18 @@ template <bool is_iie> class ConcreteMachine:
 								default: break;
 
 								case 0xc000:
-									if(string_serialiser_) {
-										*value = string_serialiser_->head() | 0x80;
-									} else {
-										*value = keyboard_input_;
-									}
+									*value = get_keyboard_input();
+								break;
+								case 0xc001: case 0xc002: case 0xc003: case 0xc004: case 0xc005: case 0xc006: case 0xc007:
+								case 0xc008: case 0xc009: case 0xc00a: case 0xc00b: case 0xc00c: case 0xc00d: case 0xc00e: case 0xc00f:
+									*value = (*value & 0x80) | (get_keyboard_input() & 0x7f);
 								break;
 
 								case 0xc061:	// Switch input 0.
 									*value &= 0x7f;
 									if(
 										static_cast<Joystick *>(joysticks_[0].get())->buttons[0] || static_cast<Joystick *>(joysticks_[1].get())->buttons[2] ||
-										(is_iie && open_apple_is_pressed_)
+										(is_iie() && open_apple_is_pressed_)
 									)
 										*value |= 0x80;
 								break;
@@ -476,7 +493,7 @@ template <bool is_iie> class ConcreteMachine:
 									*value &= 0x7f;
 									if(
 										static_cast<Joystick *>(joysticks_[0].get())->buttons[1] || static_cast<Joystick *>(joysticks_[1].get())->buttons[1] ||
-										(is_iie && closed_apple_is_pressed_)
+										(is_iie() && closed_apple_is_pressed_)
 									)
 										*value |= 0x80;
 								break;
@@ -498,28 +515,33 @@ template <bool is_iie> class ConcreteMachine:
 								} break;
 
 								// The IIe-only state reads follow...
-								case 0xc011:	if(is_iie) *value = (*value & 0x7f) | (language_card_.bank1 ? 0x80 : 0x00);											break;
-								case 0xc012:	if(is_iie) *value = (*value & 0x7f) | (language_card_.read ? 0x80 : 0x00);											break;
-								case 0xc013:	if(is_iie) *value = (*value & 0x7f) | (read_auxiliary_memory_ ? 0x80 : 0x00);										break;
-								case 0xc014:	if(is_iie) *value = (*value & 0x7f) | (write_auxiliary_memory_ ? 0x80 : 0x00);										break;
-								case 0xc015:	if(is_iie) *value = (*value & 0x7f) | (internal_CX_rom_ ? 0x80 : 0x00);												break;
-								case 0xc016:	if(is_iie) *value = (*value & 0x7f) | (alternative_zero_page_ ? 0x80 : 0x00);										break;
-								case 0xc017:	if(is_iie) *value = (*value & 0x7f) | (slot_C3_rom_ ? 0x80 : 0x00);													break;
-								case 0xc018:	if(is_iie) *value = (*value & 0x7f) | (video_->get_80_store() ? 0x80 : 0x00);										break;
-								case 0xc019:	if(is_iie) *value = (*value & 0x7f) | (video_->get_is_vertical_blank(cycles_since_video_update_) ? 0x00 : 0x80);	break;
-								case 0xc01a:	if(is_iie) *value = (*value & 0x7f) | (video_->get_text() ? 0x80 : 0x00);											break;
-								case 0xc01b:	if(is_iie) *value = (*value & 0x7f) | (video_->get_mixed() ? 0x80 : 0x00);											break;
-								case 0xc01c:	if(is_iie) *value = (*value & 0x7f) | (video_->get_page2() ? 0x80 : 0x00);											break;
-								case 0xc01d:	if(is_iie) *value = (*value & 0x7f) | (video_->get_high_resolution() ? 0x80 : 0x00);								break;
-								case 0xc01e:	if(is_iie) *value = (*value & 0x7f) | (video_->get_alternative_character_set() ? 0x80 : 0x00);						break;
-								case 0xc01f:	if(is_iie) *value = (*value & 0x7f) | (video_->get_80_columns() ? 0x80 : 0x00);										break;
-								case 0xc07f:	if(is_iie) *value = (*value & 0x7f) | (video_->get_double_high_resolution() ? 0x80 : 0x00);							break;
+#define IIeSwitchRead(s)	*value = get_keyboard_input(); if(is_iie()) *value = (*value & 0x7f) | (s ? 0x80 : 0x00);
+								case 0xc011:	IIeSwitchRead(language_card_.bank1);										break;
+								case 0xc012:	IIeSwitchRead(language_card_.read);											break;
+								case 0xc013:	IIeSwitchRead(read_auxiliary_memory_);										break;
+								case 0xc014:	IIeSwitchRead(write_auxiliary_memory_);										break;
+								case 0xc015:	IIeSwitchRead(internal_CX_rom_);											break;
+								case 0xc016:	IIeSwitchRead(alternative_zero_page_);										break;
+								case 0xc017:	IIeSwitchRead(slot_C3_rom_);												break;
+								case 0xc018:	IIeSwitchRead(video_->get_80_store());										break;
+								case 0xc019:	IIeSwitchRead(video_->get_is_vertical_blank(cycles_since_video_update_));	break;
+								case 0xc01a:	IIeSwitchRead(video_->get_text());											break;
+								case 0xc01b:	IIeSwitchRead(video_->get_mixed());											break;
+								case 0xc01c:	IIeSwitchRead(video_->get_page2());											break;
+								case 0xc01d:	IIeSwitchRead(video_->get_high_resolution());								break;
+								case 0xc01e:	IIeSwitchRead(video_->get_alternative_character_set());						break;
+								case 0xc01f:	IIeSwitchRead(video_->get_80_columns());									break;
+#undef IIeSwitchRead
+
+								case 0xc07f:
+									if(is_iie()) *value = (*value & 0x7f) | (video_->get_annunciator_3() ? 0x80 : 0x00);
+								break;
 							}
 						} else {
 							// Write-only switches. All IIe as currently implemented.
-							if(is_iie) {
+							if(is_iie()) {
 								switch(address) {
-									default: printf("Write %04x?\n", address); break;
+									default: break;
 
 									case 0xc000:
 									case 0xc001:
@@ -589,7 +611,7 @@ template <bool is_iie> class ConcreteMachine:
 						analogue_charge_ = 0.0f;
 					} break;
 
-					/* Read-write switches. */
+					/* Switches triggered by reading or writing. */
 					case 0xc050:
 					case 0xc051:
 						update_video();
@@ -612,9 +634,9 @@ template <bool is_iie> class ConcreteMachine:
 
 					case 0xc05e:
 					case 0xc05f:
-						if(is_iie) {
+						if(is_iie()) {
 							update_video();
-							video_->set_double_high_resolution(!(address&1));
+							video_->set_annunciator_3(!(address&1));
 						}
 					break;
 
@@ -626,12 +648,13 @@ template <bool is_iie> class ConcreteMachine:
 						}
 
 						// On the IIe, reading C010 returns additional key info.
-						if(is_iie && isReadOperation(operation)) {
+						if(is_iie() && isReadOperation(operation)) {
 							*value = (key_is_down_ ? 0x80 : 0x00) | (keyboard_input_ & 0x7f);
 						}
 					break;
 
-					case 0xc030:
+					case 0xc030: case 0xc031: case 0xc032: case 0xc033: case 0xc034: case 0xc035: case 0xc036: case 0xc037:
+					case 0xc038: case 0xc039: case 0xc03a: case 0xc03b: case 0xc03c: case 0xc03d: case 0xc03e: case 0xc03f:
 						update_audio();
 						audio_toggle_.set_output(!audio_toggle_.get_output());
 					break;
@@ -769,7 +792,7 @@ template <bool is_iie> class ConcreteMachine:
 			}
 
 			// Prior to the IIe, the keyboard could produce uppercase only.
-			if(!is_iie) value = static_cast<char>(toupper(value));
+			if(!is_iie()) value = static_cast<char>(toupper(value));
 
 			if(is_pressed) {
 				keyboard_input_ = static_cast<uint8_t>(value | 0x80);
@@ -818,10 +841,12 @@ using namespace AppleII;
 Machine *Machine::AppleII(const Analyser::Static::Target *target, const ROMMachine::ROMFetcher &rom_fetcher) {
 	using Target = Analyser::Static::AppleII::Target;
 	const Target *const appleii_target = dynamic_cast<const Target *>(target);
-	if(appleii_target->model == Target::Model::IIe) {
-		return new ConcreteMachine<true>(*appleii_target, rom_fetcher);
-	} else {
-		return new ConcreteMachine<false>(*appleii_target, rom_fetcher);
+	switch(appleii_target->model) {
+		default: return nullptr;
+		case Target::Model::II: return new ConcreteMachine<Target::Model::II>(*appleii_target, rom_fetcher);
+		case Target::Model::IIplus: return new ConcreteMachine<Target::Model::IIplus>(*appleii_target, rom_fetcher);
+		case Target::Model::IIe: return new ConcreteMachine<Target::Model::IIe>(*appleii_target, rom_fetcher);
+		case Target::Model::EnhancedIIe: return new ConcreteMachine<Target::Model::EnhancedIIe>(*appleii_target, rom_fetcher);
 	}
 }
 

Machines/AppleII/Video.cpp

@@ -10,8 +10,10 @@
 
 using namespace AppleII::Video;
 
-VideoBase::VideoBase() :
-	crt_(new Outputs::CRT::CRT(910, 1, Outputs::CRT::DisplayType::NTSC60, 1)) {
+VideoBase::VideoBase(bool is_iie, std::function<void(Cycles)> &&target) :
+	crt_(new Outputs::CRT::CRT(910, 1, Outputs::CRT::DisplayType::NTSC60, 1)),
+	is_iie_(is_iie),
+	deferrer_(std::move(target)) {
 
 	// Set a composite sampling function that assumes one byte per pixel input, and
 	// accepts any non-zero value as being fully on, zero being fully off.
@@ -23,8 +25,25 @@ VideoBase::VideoBase() :
 
 	// Show only the centre 75% of the TV frame.
 	crt_->set_video_signal(Outputs::CRT::VideoSignal::Composite);
-	crt_->set_visible_area(Outputs::CRT::Rect(0.115f, 0.122f, 0.77f, 0.77f));
+	crt_->set_visible_area(Outputs::CRT::Rect(0.118f, 0.122f, 0.77f, 0.77f));
 	crt_->set_immediate_default_phase(0.0f);
+
+	character_zones[0].xor_mask = 0;
+	character_zones[0].address_mask = 0x3f;
+	character_zones[1].xor_mask = 0;
+	character_zones[1].address_mask = 0x3f;
+	character_zones[2].xor_mask = 0;
+	character_zones[2].address_mask = 0x3f;
+	character_zones[3].xor_mask = 0;
+	character_zones[3].address_mask = 0x3f;
+
+	if(is_iie) {
+		character_zones[0].xor_mask =
+		character_zones[2].xor_mask =
+		character_zones[3].xor_mask = 0xff;
+		character_zones[2].address_mask =
+		character_zones[3].address_mask = 0xff;
+	}
 }
 
 Outputs::CRT::CRT *VideoBase::get_crt() {
@@ -35,67 +54,93 @@ Outputs::CRT::CRT *VideoBase::get_crt() {
 	Rote setters and getters.
 */
 void VideoBase::set_alternative_character_set(bool alternative_character_set) {
+	set_alternative_character_set_ = alternative_character_set;
+	deferrer_.defer(Cycles(2), [=] {
 		alternative_character_set_ = alternative_character_set;
+		if(alternative_character_set) {
+			character_zones[1].address_mask = 0xff;
+			character_zones[1].xor_mask = 0;
+		} else {
+			character_zones[1].address_mask = 0x3f;
+			character_zones[1].xor_mask = flash_mask();
+		}
+	});
 }
 
 bool VideoBase::get_alternative_character_set() {
-	return alternative_character_set_;
+	return set_alternative_character_set_;
 }
 
 void VideoBase::set_80_columns(bool columns_80) {
+	set_columns_80_ = columns_80;
+	deferrer_.defer(Cycles(2), [=] {
 		columns_80_ = columns_80;
+	});
 }
 
 bool VideoBase::get_80_columns() {
-	return columns_80_;
+	return set_columns_80_;
 }
 
 void VideoBase::set_80_store(bool store_80) {
-	store_80_ = store_80;
+	set_store_80_ = store_80_ = store_80;
 }
 
 bool VideoBase::get_80_store() {
-	return store_80_;
+	return set_store_80_;
 }
 
 void VideoBase::set_page2(bool page2) {
-	page2_ = page2;
+	set_page2_ = page2_ = page2;
 }
 
 bool VideoBase::get_page2() {
-	return page2_;
+	return set_page2_;
 }
 
 void VideoBase::set_text(bool text) {
+	set_text_ = text;
+	deferrer_.defer(Cycles(2), [=] {
 		text_ = text;
+	});
 }
 
 bool VideoBase::get_text() {
-	return text_;
+	return set_text_;
 }
 
 void VideoBase::set_mixed(bool mixed) {
+	set_mixed_ = mixed;
+	deferrer_.defer(Cycles(2), [=] {
 		mixed_ = mixed;
+	});
 }
 
 bool VideoBase::get_mixed() {
-	return mixed_;
+	return set_mixed_;
 }
 
 void VideoBase::set_high_resolution(bool high_resolution) {
+	set_high_resolution_ = high_resolution;
+	deferrer_.defer(Cycles(2), [=] {
 		high_resolution_ = high_resolution;
+	});
 }
 
 bool VideoBase::get_high_resolution() {
-	return high_resolution_;
+	return set_high_resolution_;
 }
 
-void VideoBase::set_double_high_resolution(bool double_high_resolution) {
-	double_high_resolution_ = double_high_resolution;
+void VideoBase::set_annunciator_3(bool annunciator_3) {
+	set_annunciator_3_ = annunciator_3;
+	deferrer_.defer(Cycles(2), [=] {
+		annunciator_3_ = annunciator_3;
+		high_resolution_mask_ = annunciator_3_ ? 0x7f : 0xff;
+	});
 }
 
-bool VideoBase::get_double_high_resolution() {
-	return double_high_resolution_;
+bool VideoBase::get_annunciator_3() {
+	return set_annunciator_3_;
 }
 
 void VideoBase::set_character_rom(const std::vector<uint8_t> &character_rom) {
@@ -115,3 +160,180 @@ void VideoBase::set_character_rom(const std::vector<uint8_t> &character_rom) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+void VideoBase::output_text(uint8_t *target, const uint8_t *const source, size_t length, size_t pixel_row) const {
+	for(size_t c = 0; c < length; ++c) {
+		const int character = source[c] & character_zones[source[c] >> 6].address_mask;
+		const uint8_t xor_mask = character_zones[source[c] >> 6].xor_mask;
+		const std::size_t character_address = static_cast<std::size_t>(character << 3) + pixel_row;
+		const uint8_t character_pattern = character_rom_[character_address] ^ xor_mask;
+
+		// The character ROM is output MSB to LSB rather than LSB to MSB.
+		target[0] = target[1] = character_pattern & 0x40;
+		target[2] = target[3] = character_pattern & 0x20;
+		target[4] = target[5] = character_pattern & 0x10;
+		target[6] = target[7] = character_pattern & 0x08;
+		target[8] = target[9] = character_pattern & 0x04;
+		target[10] = target[11] = character_pattern & 0x02;
+		target[12] = target[13] = character_pattern & 0x01;
+		graphics_carry_ = character_pattern & 0x01;
+		target += 14;
+	}
+}
+
+void VideoBase::output_double_text(uint8_t *target, const uint8_t *const source, const uint8_t *const auxiliary_source, size_t length, size_t pixel_row) const {
+	for(size_t c = 0; c < length; ++c) {
+		const std::size_t character_addresses[2] = {
+			static_cast<std::size_t>(
+				(auxiliary_source[c] & character_zones[auxiliary_source[c] >> 6].address_mask) << 3
+			) + pixel_row,
+			static_cast<std::size_t>(
+				(source[c] & character_zones[source[c] >> 6].address_mask) << 3
+			) + pixel_row
+		};
+
+		const uint8_t character_patterns[2] = {
+			static_cast<uint8_t>(
+				character_rom_[character_addresses[0]] ^ character_zones[auxiliary_source[c] >> 6].xor_mask
+			),
+			static_cast<uint8_t>(
+				character_rom_[character_addresses[1]] ^ character_zones[source[c] >> 6].xor_mask
+			)
+		};
+
+		// The character ROM is output MSB to LSB rather than LSB to MSB.
+		target[0] = character_patterns[0] & 0x40;
+		target[1] = character_patterns[0] & 0x20;
+		target[2] = character_patterns[0] & 0x10;
+		target[3] = character_patterns[0] & 0x08;
+		target[4] = character_patterns[0] & 0x04;
+		target[5] = character_patterns[0] & 0x02;
+		target[6] = character_patterns[0] & 0x01;
+		target[7] = character_patterns[1] & 0x40;
+		target[8] = character_patterns[1] & 0x20;
+		target[9] = character_patterns[1] & 0x10;
+		target[10] = character_patterns[1] & 0x08;
+		target[11] = character_patterns[1] & 0x04;
+		target[12] = character_patterns[1] & 0x02;
+		target[13] = character_patterns[1] & 0x01;
+		graphics_carry_ = character_patterns[1] & 0x01;
+		target += 14;
+	}
+}
+
+void VideoBase::output_low_resolution(uint8_t *target, const uint8_t *const source, size_t length, int column, int row) const {
+	const int row_shift = row&4;
+	for(size_t c = 0; c < length; ++c) {
+		// Low-resolution graphics mode shifts the colour code on a loop, but has to account for whether this
+		// 14-sample output window is starting at the beginning of a colour cycle or halfway through.
+		if((column + static_cast<int>(c))&1) {
+			target[0] = target[4] = target[8] = target[12] = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 4;
+			target[1] = target[5] = target[9] = target[13] = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 8;
+			target[2] = target[6] = target[10] = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 1;
+			target[3] = target[7] = target[11] = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 2;
+			graphics_carry_ = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 8;
+		} else {
+			target[0] = target[4] = target[8] = target[12] = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 1;
+			target[1] = target[5] = target[9] = target[13] = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 2;
+			target[2] = target[6] = target[10] = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 4;
+			target[3] = target[7] = target[11] = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 8;
+			graphics_carry_ = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 2;
+		}
+		target += 14;
+	}
+}
+
+void VideoBase::output_fat_low_resolution(uint8_t *target, const uint8_t *const source, size_t length, int column, int row) const {
+	const int row_shift = row&4;
+	for(size_t c = 0; c < length; ++c) {
+		// Fat low-resolution mode appears not to do anything to try to make odd and
+		// even columns compatible.
+		target[0] = target[1] = target[8] = target[9] = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 1;
+		target[2] = target[3] = target[10] = target[11] = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 2;
+		target[4] = target[5] = target[12] = target[13] = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 4;
+		target[6] = target[7] = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 8;
+		graphics_carry_ = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 4;
+		target += 14;
+	}
+}
+
+void VideoBase::output_double_low_resolution(uint8_t *target, const uint8_t *const source, const uint8_t *const auxiliary_source, size_t length, int column, int row) const {
+	const int row_shift = row&4;
+	for(size_t c = 0; c < length; ++c) {
+		if((column + static_cast<int>(c))&1) {
+			target[0] = target[4] = (auxiliary_source[c] >> row_shift) & 2;
+			target[1] = target[5] = (auxiliary_source[c] >> row_shift) & 4;
+			target[2] = target[6] = (auxiliary_source[c] >> row_shift) & 8;
+			target[3] = (auxiliary_source[c] >> row_shift) & 1;
+
+			target[8] = target[12] = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 4;
+			target[9] = target[13] = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 8;
+			target[10] = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 1;
+			target[7] = target[11] = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 2;
+			graphics_carry_ = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 8;
+		} else {
+			target[0] = target[4] = (auxiliary_source[c] >> row_shift) & 8;
+			target[1] = target[5] = (auxiliary_source[c] >> row_shift) & 1;
+			target[2] = target[6] = (auxiliary_source[c] >> row_shift) & 2;
+			target[3] = (auxiliary_source[c] >> row_shift) & 4;
+
+			target[8] = target[12] = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 1;
+			target[9] = target[13] = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 2;
+			target[10] = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 4;
+			target[7] = target[11] = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 8;
+			graphics_carry_ = (source[c] >> row_shift) & 2;
+		}
+		target += 14;
+	}
+}
+
+void VideoBase::output_high_resolution(uint8_t *target, const uint8_t *const source, size_t length) const {
+	for(size_t c = 0; c < length; ++c) {
+		// High resolution graphics shift out LSB to MSB, optionally with a delay of half a pixel.
+		// If there is a delay, the previous output level is held to bridge the gap.
+		// Delays may be ignored on a IIe if Annunciator 3 is set; that's the state that
+		// high_resolution_mask_ models.
+		if(source[c] & high_resolution_mask_ & 0x80) {
+			target[0] = graphics_carry_;
+			target[1] = target[2] = source[c] & 0x01;
+			target[3] = target[4] = source[c] & 0x02;
+			target[5] = target[6] = source[c] & 0x04;
+			target[7] = target[8] = source[c] & 0x08;
+			target[9] = target[10] = source[c] & 0x10;
+			target[11] = target[12] = source[c] & 0x20;
+			target[13] = source[c] & 0x40;
+		} else {
+			target[0] = target[1] = source[c] & 0x01;
+			target[2] = target[3] = source[c] & 0x02;
+			target[4] = target[5] = source[c] & 0x04;
+			target[6] = target[7] = source[c] & 0x08;
+			target[8] = target[9] = source[c] & 0x10;
+			target[10] = target[11] = source[c] & 0x20;
+			target[12] = target[13] = source[c] & 0x40;
+		}
+		graphics_carry_ = source[c] & 0x40;
+		target += 14;
+	}
+}
+
+void VideoBase::output_double_high_resolution(uint8_t *target, const uint8_t *const source, const uint8_t *const auxiliary_source, size_t length) const {
+	for(size_t c = 0; c < length; ++c) {
+		target[0] = auxiliary_source[c] & 0x01;
+		target[1] = auxiliary_source[c] & 0x02;
+		target[2] = auxiliary_source[c] & 0x04;
+		target[3] = auxiliary_source[c] & 0x08;
+		target[4] = auxiliary_source[c] & 0x10;
+		target[5] = auxiliary_source[c] & 0x20;
+		target[6] = auxiliary_source[c] & 0x40;
+		target[7] = source[c] & 0x01;
+		target[8] = source[c] & 0x02;
+		target[9] = source[c] & 0x04;
+		target[10] = source[c] & 0x08;
+		target[11] = source[c] & 0x10;
+		target[12] = source[c] & 0x20;
+		target[13] = source[c] & 0x40;
+
+		graphics_carry_ = auxiliary_source[c] & 0x40;
+		target += 14;
+	}
+}

Machines/AppleII/Video.hpp

@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@
 
 #include "../../Outputs/CRT/CRT.hpp"
 #include "../../ClockReceiver/ClockReceiver.hpp"
+#include "../../ClockReceiver/ClockDeferrer.hpp"
 
+#include <array>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace AppleII {
@@ -20,25 +22,19 @@ namespace Video {
 class BusHandler {
 	public:
 		/*!
-			Reads an 8-bit value from the ordinary II/II+ memory pool.
-		*/
-		uint8_t perform_read(uint16_t address) {
-			return 0xff;
-		}
+			Requests fetching of the @c count bytes starting from @c address.
 
-		/*!
-			Reads two 8-bit values, from the same address — one from
-			main RAM, one from auxiliary. Should return as
-			(main) | (aux << 8).
+			The handler should write the values from base memory to @c base_target, and those
+			from auxiliary memory to @c auxiliary_target. If the machine has no axiliary memory,
+			it needn't write anything to auxiliary_target.
 		*/
-		uint16_t perform_aux_read(uint16_t address) {
-			return 0xffff;
+		void perform_read(uint16_t address, size_t count, uint8_t *base_target, uint8_t *auxiliary_target) {
 		}
 };
 
 class VideoBase {
 	public:
-		VideoBase();
+		VideoBase(bool is_iie, std::function<void(Cycles)> &&target);
 
 		/// @returns The CRT this video feed is feeding.
 		Outputs::CRT::CRT *get_crt();
@@ -132,18 +128,19 @@ class VideoBase {
 		bool get_high_resolution();
 
 		/*!
-			Setter for DHIRES ($C05E/$C05F; triggers on write only).
+			Setter for annunciator 3.
 
-			* On: turn on double-high resolution.
-			* Off: turn off double-high resolution.
+			* On: turn on annunciator 3.
+			* Off: turn off annunciator 3.
 
-			DHIRES doesn't exist on a II/II+. On the IIe there is another
-			register usually grouped with the graphics setters called IOUDIS
-			that affects visibility of this switch. But it has no effect on
-			video, so it's not modelled by this class.
+			This exists on both the II/II+ and the IIe, but has no effect on
+			video on the older machines. It's intended to be used on the IIe
+			to confirm double-high resolution mode but has side effects in
+			selecting mixed mode output and discarding high-resolution
+			delay bits.
 		*/
-		void set_double_high_resolution(bool);
-		bool get_double_high_resolution();
+		void set_annunciator_3(bool);
+		bool get_annunciator_3();
 
 		// Setup for text mode.
 		void set_character_rom(const std::vector<uint8_t> &);
@@ -153,353 +150,119 @@ class VideoBase {
 
 		// State affecting output video stream generation.
 		uint8_t *pixel_pointer_ = nullptr;
-		int pixel_pointer_column_ = 0;
-		bool pixels_are_high_density_ = false;
 
 		// State affecting logical state.
 		int row_ = 0, column_ = 0, flash_ = 0;
+		uint8_t flash_mask() {
+			return static_cast<uint8_t>((flash_ / flash_length) * 0xff);
+		}
 
 		// Enumerates all Apple II and IIe display modes.
 		enum class GraphicsMode {
-			LowRes,
-			DoubleLowRes,
+			Text = 0,
+			DoubleText,
 			HighRes,
 			DoubleHighRes,
-			Text,
-			DoubleText
+			LowRes,
+			DoubleLowRes,
+			FatLowRes
 		};
-		bool is_text_mode(GraphicsMode m) { return m >= GraphicsMode::Text; }
+		bool is_text_mode(GraphicsMode m) { return m <= GraphicsMode::DoubleText; }
+		bool is_double_mode(GraphicsMode m) { return !!(static_cast<int>(m)&1); }
 
 		// Various soft-switch values.
-		bool alternative_character_set_ = false;
-		bool columns_80_ = false;
-		bool store_80_ = false;
-		bool page2_ = false;
-		bool text_ = true;
-		bool mixed_ = false;
-		bool high_resolution_ = false;
-		bool double_high_resolution_ = false;
+		bool alternative_character_set_ = false, set_alternative_character_set_ = false;
+		bool columns_80_ = false, set_columns_80_ = false;
+		bool store_80_ = false, set_store_80_ = false;
+		bool page2_ = false, set_page2_ = false;
+		bool text_ = true, set_text_ = true;
+		bool mixed_ = false, set_mixed_ = false;
+		bool high_resolution_ = false, set_high_resolution_ = false;
+		bool annunciator_3_ = false, set_annunciator_3_ = false;
 
 		// Graphics carry is the final level output in a fetch window;
 		// it carries on into the next if it's high resolution with
 		// the delay bit set.
-		uint8_t graphics_carry_ = 0;
+		mutable uint8_t graphics_carry_ = 0;
+		bool was_double_ = false;
+		uint8_t high_resolution_mask_ = 0xff;
 
 		// This holds a copy of the character ROM. The regular character
 		// set is assumed to be in the first 64*8 bytes; the alternative
 		// is in the 128*8 bytes after that.
 		std::vector<uint8_t> character_rom_;
+
+		// Memory is fetched ahead of time into this array;
+		// this permits the correct delay between fetching
+		// without having to worry about a rolling buffer.
+		std::array<uint8_t, 40> base_stream_;
+		std::array<uint8_t, 40> auxiliary_stream_;
+
+		bool is_iie_ = false;
+		static const int flash_length = 8406;
+
+		// Describes the current text mode mapping from in-memory character index
+		// to output character.
+		struct CharacterMapping {
+			uint8_t address_mask;
+			uint8_t xor_mask;
+		};
+		CharacterMapping character_zones[4];
+
+		/*!
+			Outputs 40-column text to @c target, using @c length bytes from @c source.
+		*/
+		void output_text(uint8_t *target, const uint8_t *source, size_t length, size_t pixel_row) const;
+
+		/*!
+			Outputs 80-column text to @c target, drawing @c length columns from @c source and @c auxiliary_source.
+		*/
+		void output_double_text(uint8_t *target, const uint8_t *source, const uint8_t *auxiliary_source, size_t length, size_t pixel_row) const;
+
+		/*!
+			Outputs 40-column low-resolution graphics to @c target, drawing @c length columns from @c source.
+		*/
+		void output_low_resolution(uint8_t *target, const uint8_t *source, size_t length, int column, int row) const;
+
+		/*!
+			Outputs 80-column low-resolution graphics to @c target, drawing @c length columns from @c source and @c auxiliary_source.
+		*/
+		void output_double_low_resolution(uint8_t *target, const uint8_t *source, const uint8_t *auxiliary_source, size_t length, int column, int row) const;
+
+		/*!
+			Outputs 40-column high-resolution graphics to @c target, drawing @c length columns from @c source.
+		*/
+		void output_high_resolution(uint8_t *target, const uint8_t *source, size_t length) const;
+
+		/*!
+			Outputs 80-column double-high-resolution graphics to @c target, drawing @c length columns from @c source.
+		*/
+		void output_double_high_resolution(uint8_t *target, const uint8_t *source, const uint8_t *auxiliary_source, size_t length) const;
+
+		/*!
+			Outputs 40-column "fat low resolution" graphics to @c target, drawing @c length columns from @c source.
+
+			Fat low-resolution mode is like regular low-resolution mode except that data is shifted out on the 7M
+			clock rather than the 14M.
+		*/
+		void output_fat_low_resolution(uint8_t *target, const uint8_t *source, size_t length, int column, int row) const;
+
+		// Maintain a ClockDeferrer for delayed mode switches.
+		ClockDeferrer<Cycles> deferrer_;
 };
 
 template <class BusHandler, bool is_iie> class Video: public VideoBase {
 	public:
 		/// Constructs an instance of the video feed; a CRT is also created.
 		Video(BusHandler &bus_handler) :
-			VideoBase(),
+			VideoBase(is_iie, [=] (Cycles cycles) { advance(cycles); }),
 			bus_handler_(bus_handler) {}
 
 		/*!
-			Advances time by @c cycles; expects to be fed by the CPU clock.
-			Implicitly adds an extra half a colour clock at the end of every
-			line.
+			Runs video for @c cycles.
 		*/
-		void run_for(const Cycles cycles) {
-			/*
-				Addressing scheme used throughout is that column 0 is the first column with pixels in it;
-				row 0 is the first row with pixels in it.
-
-				A frame is oriented around 65 cycles across, 262 lines down.
-			*/
-			static const int first_sync_line = 220;		// A complete guess. Information needed.
-			static const int first_sync_column = 49;	// Also a guess.
-			static const int sync_length = 4;			// One of the two likely candidates.
-
-			int int_cycles = cycles.as_int();
-			while(int_cycles) {
-				const int cycles_this_line = std::min(65 - column_, int_cycles);
-				const int ending_column = column_ + cycles_this_line;
-
-				if(row_ >= first_sync_line && row_ < first_sync_line + 3) {
-					// In effect apply an XOR to HSYNC and VSYNC flags in order to include equalising
-					// pulses (and hencce keep hsync approximately where it should be during vsync).
-					const int blank_start = std::max(first_sync_column - sync_length, column_);
-					const int blank_end = std::min(first_sync_column, ending_column);
-					if(blank_end > blank_start) {
-						if(blank_start > column_) {
-							crt_->output_sync(static_cast<unsigned int>(blank_start - column_) * 14);
-						}
-						crt_->output_blank(static_cast<unsigned int>(blank_end - blank_start) * 14);
-						if(blank_end < ending_column) {
-							crt_->output_sync(static_cast<unsigned int>(ending_column - blank_end) * 14);
-						}
-					} else {
-						crt_->output_sync(static_cast<unsigned int>(cycles_this_line) * 14);
-					}
-				} else {
-					const GraphicsMode line_mode = graphics_mode(row_);
-
-					// The first 40 columns are submitted to the CRT only upon completion;
-					// they'll be either graphics or blank, depending on which side we are
-					// of line 192.
-					if(column_ < 40) {
-						if(row_ < 192) {
-							const bool requires_high_density = line_mode != GraphicsMode::Text;
-							if(!column_ || requires_high_density != pixels_are_high_density_) {
-								if(column_) output_data_to_column(column_);
-								pixel_pointer_ = crt_->allocate_write_area(561);
-								pixel_pointer_column_ = column_;
-								pixels_are_high_density_ = requires_high_density;
-								graphics_carry_ = 0;
-							}
-
-							const int pixel_end = std::min(40, ending_column);
-							const int character_row = row_ >> 3;
-							const int pixel_row = row_ & 7;
-							const uint16_t row_address = static_cast<uint16_t>((character_row >> 3) * 40 + ((character_row&7) << 7));
-							const uint16_t text_address = static_cast<uint16_t>(((video_page()+1) * 0x400) + row_address);
-
-							switch(line_mode) {
-								case GraphicsMode::Text: {
-									const uint8_t inverses[] = {
-										0xff,
-										alternative_character_set_ ? static_cast<uint8_t>(0xff) : static_cast<uint8_t>((flash_ / flash_length) * 0xff),
-										0x00,
-										0x00
-									};
-									const uint8_t masks[] = {
-										alternative_character_set_ ? static_cast<uint8_t>(0x7f) : static_cast<uint8_t>(0x3f),
-										is_iie ? 0x7f : 0x3f,
-									};
-									for(int c = column_; c < pixel_end; ++c) {
-										const uint8_t character = bus_handler_.perform_read(static_cast<uint16_t>(text_address + c));
-										const uint8_t xor_mask = inverses[character >> 6];
-										const std::size_t character_address = static_cast<std::size_t>(((character & masks[character >> 7]) << 3) + pixel_row);
-										const uint8_t character_pattern = character_rom_[character_address] ^ xor_mask;
-
-										// The character ROM is output MSB to LSB rather than LSB to MSB.
-										pixel_pointer_[0] = character_pattern & 0x40;
-										pixel_pointer_[1] = character_pattern & 0x20;
-										pixel_pointer_[2] = character_pattern & 0x10;
-										pixel_pointer_[3] = character_pattern & 0x08;
-										pixel_pointer_[4] = character_pattern & 0x04;
-										pixel_pointer_[5] = character_pattern & 0x02;
-										pixel_pointer_[6] = character_pattern & 0x01;
-										graphics_carry_ = character_pattern & 0x01;
-										pixel_pointer_ += 7;
-									}
-								} break;
-
-								case GraphicsMode::DoubleText: {
-									const uint8_t inverses[] = {
-										0xff,
-										alternative_character_set_ ? static_cast<uint8_t>(0xff) : static_cast<uint8_t>((flash_ / flash_length) * 0xff),
-										0x00,
-										0x00
-									};
-									const uint8_t masks[] = {
-										alternative_character_set_ ? static_cast<uint8_t>(0x7f) : static_cast<uint8_t>(0x3f),
-										is_iie ? 0x7f : 0x3f,
-									};
-									for(int c = column_; c < pixel_end; ++c) {
-										const uint16_t characters = bus_handler_.perform_aux_read(static_cast<uint16_t>(text_address + c));
-										const std::size_t character_addresses[2] = {
-											static_cast<std::size_t>((((characters >> 8) & masks[characters >> 15]) << 3) + pixel_row),
-											static_cast<std::size_t>(((characters & masks[(characters >> 7)&1]) << 3) + pixel_row),
-										};
-
-										const uint8_t character_patterns[2] = {
-											static_cast<uint8_t>(character_rom_[character_addresses[0]] ^ inverses[(characters >> 14) & 3]),
-											static_cast<uint8_t>(character_rom_[character_addresses[1]] ^ inverses[(characters >> 6) & 3]),
-										};
-
-										// The character ROM is output MSB to LSB rather than LSB to MSB.
-										pixel_pointer_[0] = character_patterns[0] & 0x40;
-										pixel_pointer_[1] = character_patterns[0] & 0x20;
-										pixel_pointer_[2] = character_patterns[0] & 0x10;
-										pixel_pointer_[3] = character_patterns[0] & 0x08;
-										pixel_pointer_[4] = character_patterns[0] & 0x04;
-										pixel_pointer_[5] = character_patterns[0] & 0x02;
-										pixel_pointer_[6] = character_patterns[0] & 0x01;
-										pixel_pointer_[7] = character_patterns[1] & 0x40;
-										pixel_pointer_[8] = character_patterns[1] & 0x20;
-										pixel_pointer_[9] = character_patterns[1] & 0x10;
-										pixel_pointer_[10] = character_patterns[1] & 0x08;
-										pixel_pointer_[11] = character_patterns[1] & 0x04;
-										pixel_pointer_[12] = character_patterns[1] & 0x02;
-										pixel_pointer_[13] = character_patterns[1] & 0x01;
-										graphics_carry_ = character_patterns[1] & 0x01;
-										pixel_pointer_ += 14;
-									}
-								} break;
-
-								case GraphicsMode::DoubleLowRes: {
-									const int row_shift = (row_&4);
-									for(int c = column_; c < pixel_end; ++c) {
-										const uint16_t nibble = (bus_handler_.perform_aux_read(static_cast<uint16_t>(text_address + c)) >> row_shift) & 0xf0f;
-
-										if(c&1) {
-											pixel_pointer_[0] = pixel_pointer_[4] = (nibble >> 8) & 4;
-											pixel_pointer_[1] = pixel_pointer_[5] = (nibble >> 8) & 8;
-											pixel_pointer_[2] = pixel_pointer_[6] = (nibble >> 8) & 1;
-											pixel_pointer_[3] = (nibble >> 8) & 2;
-
-											pixel_pointer_[8] = pixel_pointer_[12] = nibble & 4;
-											pixel_pointer_[9] = pixel_pointer_[13] = nibble & 8;
-											pixel_pointer_[10] = nibble & 1;
-											pixel_pointer_[7] = pixel_pointer_[11] = nibble & 2;
-											graphics_carry_ = nibble & 8;
-										} else {
-											pixel_pointer_[0] = pixel_pointer_[4] = (nibble >> 8) & 1;
-											pixel_pointer_[1] = pixel_pointer_[5] = (nibble >> 8) & 2;
-											pixel_pointer_[2] = pixel_pointer_[6] = (nibble >> 8) & 4;
-											pixel_pointer_[3] = (nibble >> 8) & 8;
-
-											pixel_pointer_[8] = pixel_pointer_[12] = nibble & 1;
-											pixel_pointer_[9] = pixel_pointer_[13] = nibble & 2;
-											pixel_pointer_[10] = nibble & 4;
-											pixel_pointer_[7] = pixel_pointer_[11] = nibble & 8;
-											graphics_carry_ = nibble & 2;
-										}
-										pixel_pointer_ += 14;
-									}
-								} break;
-
-								case GraphicsMode::LowRes: {
-									const int row_shift = (row_&4);
-									// TODO: decompose into two loops, possibly.
-									for(int c = column_; c < pixel_end; ++c) {
-										const uint8_t nibble = (bus_handler_.perform_read(static_cast<uint16_t>(text_address + c)) >> row_shift) & 0x0f;
-
-										// Low-resolution graphics mode shifts the colour code on a loop, but has to account for whether this
-										// 14-sample output window is starting at the beginning of a colour cycle or halfway through.
-										if(c&1) {
-											pixel_pointer_[0] = pixel_pointer_[4] = pixel_pointer_[8] = pixel_pointer_[12] = nibble & 4;
-											pixel_pointer_[1] = pixel_pointer_[5] = pixel_pointer_[9] = pixel_pointer_[13] = nibble & 8;
-											pixel_pointer_[2] = pixel_pointer_[6] = pixel_pointer_[10] = nibble & 1;
-											pixel_pointer_[3] = pixel_pointer_[7] = pixel_pointer_[11] = nibble & 2;
-											graphics_carry_ = nibble & 8;
-										} else {
-											pixel_pointer_[0] = pixel_pointer_[4] = pixel_pointer_[8] = pixel_pointer_[12] = nibble & 1;
-											pixel_pointer_[1] = pixel_pointer_[5] = pixel_pointer_[9] = pixel_pointer_[13] = nibble & 2;
-											pixel_pointer_[2] = pixel_pointer_[6] = pixel_pointer_[10] = nibble & 4;
-											pixel_pointer_[3] = pixel_pointer_[7] = pixel_pointer_[11] = nibble & 8;
-											graphics_carry_ = nibble & 2;
-										}
-										pixel_pointer_ += 14;
-									}
-								} break;
-
-								case GraphicsMode::HighRes: {
-									const uint16_t graphics_address = static_cast<uint16_t>(((video_page()+1) * 0x2000) + row_address + ((pixel_row&7) << 10));
-									for(int c = column_; c < pixel_end; ++c) {
-										const uint8_t graphic = bus_handler_.perform_read(static_cast<uint16_t>(graphics_address + c));
-
-										// High resolution graphics shift out LSB to MSB, optionally with a delay of half a pixel.
-										// If there is a delay, the previous output level is held to bridge the gap.
-										if(graphic & 0x80) {
-											pixel_pointer_[0] = graphics_carry_;
-											pixel_pointer_[1] = pixel_pointer_[2] = graphic & 0x01;
-											pixel_pointer_[3] = pixel_pointer_[4] = graphic & 0x02;
-											pixel_pointer_[5] = pixel_pointer_[6] = graphic & 0x04;
-											pixel_pointer_[7] = pixel_pointer_[8] = graphic & 0x08;
-											pixel_pointer_[9] = pixel_pointer_[10] = graphic & 0x10;
-											pixel_pointer_[11] = pixel_pointer_[12] = graphic & 0x20;
-											pixel_pointer_[13] = graphic & 0x40;
-										} else {
-											pixel_pointer_[0] = pixel_pointer_[1] = graphic & 0x01;
-											pixel_pointer_[2] = pixel_pointer_[3] = graphic & 0x02;
-											pixel_pointer_[4] = pixel_pointer_[5] = graphic & 0x04;
-											pixel_pointer_[6] = pixel_pointer_[7] = graphic & 0x08;
-											pixel_pointer_[8] = pixel_pointer_[9] = graphic & 0x10;
-											pixel_pointer_[10] = pixel_pointer_[11] = graphic & 0x20;
-											pixel_pointer_[12] = pixel_pointer_[13] = graphic & 0x40;
-										}
-										graphics_carry_ = graphic & 0x40;
-										pixel_pointer_ += 14;
-									}
-								} break;
-
-								case GraphicsMode::DoubleHighRes: {
-									const uint16_t graphics_address = static_cast<uint16_t>(((video_page()+1) * 0x2000) + row_address + ((pixel_row&7) << 10));
-									for(int c = column_; c < pixel_end; ++c) {
-										const uint16_t graphic = bus_handler_.perform_aux_read(static_cast<uint16_t>(graphics_address + c));
-
-										pixel_pointer_[0] = graphics_carry_;
-										pixel_pointer_[1] = (graphic >> 8) & 0x01;
-										pixel_pointer_[2] = (graphic >> 8) & 0x02;
-										pixel_pointer_[3] = (graphic >> 8) & 0x04;
-										pixel_pointer_[4] = (graphic >> 8) & 0x08;
-										pixel_pointer_[5] = (graphic >> 8) & 0x10;
-										pixel_pointer_[6] = (graphic >> 8) & 0x20;
-										pixel_pointer_[7] = (graphic >> 8) & 0x40;
-										pixel_pointer_[8] = graphic & 0x01;
-										pixel_pointer_[9] = graphic & 0x02;
-										pixel_pointer_[10] = graphic & 0x04;
-										pixel_pointer_[11] = graphic & 0x08;
-										pixel_pointer_[12] = graphic & 0x10;
-										pixel_pointer_[13] = graphic & 0x20;
-										graphics_carry_ = graphic & 0x40;
-										pixel_pointer_ += 14;
-									}
-								} break;
-							}
-
-							if(ending_column >= 40) {
-								output_data_to_column(40);
-							}
-						} else {
-							if(ending_column >= 40) {
-								crt_->output_blank(560);
-							}
-						}
-					}
-
-					/*
-						The left border, sync, right border pattern doesn't depend on whether
-						there were pixels this row and is output as soon as it is known.
-					*/
-
-					const int first_blank_start = std::max(40, column_);
-					const int first_blank_end = std::min(first_sync_column, ending_column);
-					if(first_blank_end > first_blank_start) {
-						crt_->output_blank(static_cast<unsigned int>(first_blank_end - first_blank_start) * 14);
-					}
-
-					const int sync_start = std::max(first_sync_column, column_);
-					const int sync_end = std::min(first_sync_column + sync_length, ending_column);
-					if(sync_end > sync_start) {
-						crt_->output_sync(static_cast<unsigned int>(sync_end - sync_start) * 14);
-					}
-
-					int second_blank_start;
-					if(!is_text_mode(graphics_mode(row_+1))) {
-						const int colour_burst_start = std::max(first_sync_column + sync_length + 1, column_);
-						const int colour_burst_end = std::min(first_sync_column + sync_length + 4, ending_column);
-						if(colour_burst_end > colour_burst_start) {
-							crt_->output_colour_burst(static_cast<unsigned int>(colour_burst_end - colour_burst_start) * 14, 128);
-						}
-
-						second_blank_start = std::max(first_sync_column + 7, column_);
-					} else {
-						second_blank_start = std::max(first_sync_column + 4, column_);
-					}
-
-					if(ending_column > second_blank_start) {
-						crt_->output_blank(static_cast<unsigned int>(ending_column - second_blank_start) * 14);
-					}
-				}
-
-				int_cycles -= cycles_this_line;
-				column_ = (column_ + cycles_this_line) % 65;
-				if(!column_) {
-					row_ = (row_ + 1) % 262;
-					flash_ = (flash_ + 1) % (2 * flash_length);
-
-					// Add an extra half a colour cycle of blank; this isn't counted in the run_for
-					// count explicitly but is promised.
-					crt_->output_blank(2);
-				}
-			}
+		void run_for(Cycles cycles) {
+			deferrer_.run_for(cycles);
 		}
 
 		/*!
@@ -537,7 +300,9 @@ template <class BusHandler, bool is_iie> class Video: public VideoBase {
 
 			// Calculate the address and return the value.
 			uint16_t read_address = static_cast<uint16_t>(get_row_address(mapped_row) + mapped_column - 25);
-			return bus_handler_.perform_read(read_address);
+			uint8_t value, aux_value;
+			bus_handler_.perform_read(read_address, 1, &value, &aux_value);
+			return value;
 		}
 
 		/*!
@@ -558,15 +323,253 @@ template <class BusHandler, bool is_iie> class Video: public VideoBase {
 		}
 
 	private:
-		GraphicsMode graphics_mode(int row) {
-			if(text_) return columns_80_ ? GraphicsMode::DoubleText : GraphicsMode::Text;
-			if(mixed_ && row >= 160 && row < 192) {
-				return (columns_80_ || double_high_resolution_) ? GraphicsMode::DoubleText : GraphicsMode::Text;
+		/*!
+			Advances time by @c cycles; expects to be fed by the CPU clock.
+			Implicitly adds an extra half a colour clock at the end of
+			line.
+		*/
+		void advance(Cycles cycles) {
+			/*
+				Addressing scheme used throughout is that column 0 is the first column with pixels in it;
+				row 0 is the first row with pixels in it.
+
+				A frame is oriented around 65 cycles across, 262 lines down.
+			*/
+			static const int first_sync_line = 220;		// A complete guess. Information needed.
+			static const int first_sync_column = 49;	// Also a guess.
+			static const int sync_length = 4;			// One of the two likely candidates.
+
+			int int_cycles = cycles.as_int();
+			while(int_cycles) {
+				const int cycles_this_line = std::min(65 - column_, int_cycles);
+				const int ending_column = column_ + cycles_this_line;
+
+				if(row_ >= first_sync_line && row_ < first_sync_line + 3) {
+					// In effect apply an XOR to HSYNC and VSYNC flags in order to include equalising
+					// pulses (and hencce keep hsync approximately where it should be during vsync).
+					const int blank_start = std::max(first_sync_column - sync_length, column_);
+					const int blank_end = std::min(first_sync_column, ending_column);
+					if(blank_end > blank_start) {
+						if(blank_start > column_) {
+							crt_->output_sync(static_cast<unsigned int>(blank_start - column_) * 14);
+						}
+						crt_->output_blank(static_cast<unsigned int>(blank_end - blank_start) * 14);
+						if(blank_end < ending_column) {
+							crt_->output_sync(static_cast<unsigned int>(ending_column - blank_end) * 14);
 						}
-			if(high_resolution_) {
-				return double_high_resolution_ ? GraphicsMode::DoubleHighRes : GraphicsMode::HighRes;
 					} else {
-				return double_high_resolution_ ? GraphicsMode::DoubleLowRes : GraphicsMode::LowRes;
+						crt_->output_sync(static_cast<unsigned int>(cycles_this_line) * 14);
+					}
+				} else {
+					const GraphicsMode line_mode = graphics_mode(row_);
+
+					// Determine whether there's any fetching to do. Fetching occurs during the first
+					// 40 columns of rows prior to 192.
+					if(row_ < 192 && column_ < 40) {
+						const int character_row = row_ >> 3;
+						const uint16_t row_address = static_cast<uint16_t>((character_row >> 3) * 40 + ((character_row&7) << 7));
+
+						// Grab the memory contents that'll be needed momentarily.
+						const int fetch_end = std::min(40, ending_column);
+						uint16_t fetch_address;
+						switch(line_mode) {
+							default:
+							case GraphicsMode::Text:
+							case GraphicsMode::DoubleText:
+							case GraphicsMode::LowRes:
+							case GraphicsMode::FatLowRes:
+							case GraphicsMode::DoubleLowRes: {
+								const uint16_t text_address = static_cast<uint16_t>(((video_page()+1) * 0x400) + row_address);
+								fetch_address = static_cast<uint16_t>(text_address + column_);
+							} break;
+
+							case GraphicsMode::HighRes:
+							case GraphicsMode::DoubleHighRes:
+								fetch_address = static_cast<uint16_t>(((video_page()+1) * 0x2000) + row_address + ((row_&7) << 10) + column_);
+							break;
+						}
+
+						bus_handler_.perform_read(
+							fetch_address,
+							static_cast<size_t>(fetch_end - column_),
+							&base_stream_[static_cast<size_t>(column_)],
+							&auxiliary_stream_[static_cast<size_t>(column_)]);
+						// TODO: should character modes be mapped to character pixel outputs here?
+					}
+
+					if(row_ < 192) {
+						// The pixel area is the first 40.5 columns; base contents
+						// remain where they would naturally be but auxiliary
+						// graphics appear to the left of that.
+						if(!column_) {
+							pixel_pointer_ = crt_->allocate_write_area(568);
+							graphics_carry_ = 0;
+							was_double_ = true;
+						}
+
+						if(column_ < 40) {
+							const int pixel_start = std::max(0, column_);
+							const int pixel_end = std::min(40, ending_column);
+							const int pixel_row = row_ & 7;
+
+							const bool is_double = Video::is_double_mode(line_mode);
+							if(!is_double && was_double_) {
+								pixel_pointer_[pixel_start*14 + 0] =
+								pixel_pointer_[pixel_start*14 + 1] =
+								pixel_pointer_[pixel_start*14 + 2] =
+								pixel_pointer_[pixel_start*14 + 3] =
+								pixel_pointer_[pixel_start*14 + 4] =
+								pixel_pointer_[pixel_start*14 + 5] =
+								pixel_pointer_[pixel_start*14 + 6] = 0;
+							}
+							was_double_ = is_double;
+
+							switch(line_mode) {
+								case GraphicsMode::Text:
+									output_text(
+										&pixel_pointer_[pixel_start * 14 + 7],
+										&base_stream_[static_cast<size_t>(pixel_start)],
+										static_cast<size_t>(pixel_end - pixel_start),
+										static_cast<size_t>(pixel_row));
+								break;
+
+								case GraphicsMode::DoubleText:
+									output_double_text(
+										&pixel_pointer_[pixel_start * 14],
+										&base_stream_[static_cast<size_t>(pixel_start)],
+										&auxiliary_stream_[static_cast<size_t>(pixel_start)],
+										static_cast<size_t>(pixel_end - pixel_start),
+										static_cast<size_t>(pixel_row));
+								break;
+
+								case GraphicsMode::LowRes:
+									output_low_resolution(
+										&pixel_pointer_[pixel_start * 14 + 7],
+										&base_stream_[static_cast<size_t>(pixel_start)],
+										static_cast<size_t>(pixel_end - pixel_start),
+										pixel_start,
+										pixel_row);
+								break;
+
+								case GraphicsMode::FatLowRes:
+									output_fat_low_resolution(
+										&pixel_pointer_[pixel_start * 14 + 7],
+										&base_stream_[static_cast<size_t>(pixel_start)],
+										static_cast<size_t>(pixel_end - pixel_start),
+										pixel_start,
+										pixel_row);
+								break;
+
+								case GraphicsMode::DoubleLowRes:
+									output_double_low_resolution(
+										&pixel_pointer_[pixel_start * 14],
+										&base_stream_[static_cast<size_t>(pixel_start)],
+										&auxiliary_stream_[static_cast<size_t>(pixel_start)],
+										static_cast<size_t>(pixel_end - pixel_start),
+										pixel_start,
+										pixel_row);
+								break;
+
+								case GraphicsMode::HighRes:
+									output_high_resolution(
+										&pixel_pointer_[pixel_start * 14 + 7],
+										&base_stream_[static_cast<size_t>(pixel_start)],
+										static_cast<size_t>(pixel_end - pixel_start));
+								break;
+
+								case GraphicsMode::DoubleHighRes:
+									output_double_high_resolution(
+										&pixel_pointer_[pixel_start * 14],
+										&base_stream_[static_cast<size_t>(pixel_start)],
+										&auxiliary_stream_[static_cast<size_t>(pixel_start)],
+										static_cast<size_t>(pixel_end - pixel_start));
+								break;
+
+								default: break;
+							}
+
+							if(pixel_end == 40) {
+								if(was_double_) {
+									pixel_pointer_[563] =
+									pixel_pointer_[564] =
+									pixel_pointer_[565] =
+									pixel_pointer_[566] =
+									pixel_pointer_[567] = 0;
+								} else {
+									if(line_mode == GraphicsMode::HighRes && base_stream_[39]&0x80)
+										pixel_pointer_[567] = graphics_carry_;
+									else
+										pixel_pointer_[567] = 0;
+								}
+
+								crt_->output_data(568, 568);
+								pixel_pointer_ = nullptr;
+							}
+						}
+					} else {
+						if(column_ < 40 && ending_column >= 40) {
+							crt_->output_blank(568);
+						}
+					}
+
+					/*
+						The left border, sync, right border pattern doesn't depend on whether
+						there were pixels this row and is output as soon as it is known.
+					*/
+
+					if(column_ < first_sync_column && ending_column >= first_sync_column) {
+						crt_->output_blank((first_sync_column - 41)*14 - 1);
+					}
+
+					if(column_ < (first_sync_column + sync_length) && ending_column >= (first_sync_column + sync_length)) {
+						crt_->output_sync(sync_length*14);
+					}
+
+					int second_blank_start;
+					if(!is_text_mode(graphics_mode(row_+1))) {
+						const int colour_burst_start = std::max(first_sync_column + sync_length + 1, column_);
+						const int colour_burst_end = std::min(first_sync_column + sync_length + 4, ending_column);
+						if(colour_burst_end > colour_burst_start) {
+							crt_->output_colour_burst(static_cast<unsigned int>(colour_burst_end - colour_burst_start) * 14, 192);
+						}
+
+						second_blank_start = std::max(first_sync_column + sync_length + 3, column_);
+					} else {
+						second_blank_start = std::max(first_sync_column + sync_length, column_);
+					}
+
+					if(ending_column > second_blank_start) {
+						crt_->output_blank(static_cast<unsigned int>(ending_column - second_blank_start) * 14);
+					}
+				}
+
+				int_cycles -= cycles_this_line;
+				column_ = (column_ + cycles_this_line) % 65;
+				if(!column_) {
+					row_ = (row_ + 1) % 262;
+					flash_ = (flash_ + 1) % (2 * flash_length);
+					if(!alternative_character_set_) {
+						character_zones[1].xor_mask = flash_mask();
+					}
+
+					// Add an extra half a colour cycle of blank; this isn't counted in the run_for
+					// count explicitly but is promised.
+					crt_->output_blank(2);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		GraphicsMode graphics_mode(int row) {
+			if(
+				text_ ||
+				(mixed_ && row >= 160 && row < 192)
+			) return columns_80_ ? GraphicsMode::DoubleText : GraphicsMode::Text;
+			if(high_resolution_) {
+				return (annunciator_3_ && columns_80_) ? GraphicsMode::DoubleHighRes : GraphicsMode::HighRes;
+			} else {
+				if(columns_80_) return GraphicsMode::DoubleLowRes;
+				if(annunciator_3_) return GraphicsMode::FatLowRes;
+				return GraphicsMode::LowRes;
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -585,13 +588,7 @@ template <class BusHandler, bool is_iie> class Video: public VideoBase {
 				static_cast<uint16_t>(((video_page()+1) * 0x400) + row_address);
 		}
 
-		static const int flash_length = 8406;
 		BusHandler &bus_handler_;
-		void output_data_to_column(int column) {
-			int length = column - pixel_pointer_column_;
-			crt_->output_data(static_cast<unsigned int>(length*14), static_cast<unsigned int>(length * (pixels_are_high_density_ ? 14 : 7)));
-			pixel_pointer_ = nullptr;
-		}
 };
 
 }

Machines/Atari2600/Cartridges/Cartridge.hpp

@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ template<class T> class Cartridge:
 		}
 
 	protected:
-		CPU::MOS6502::Processor<Cartridge<T>, true> m6502_;
+		CPU::MOS6502::Processor<CPU::MOS6502::Personality::P6502, Cartridge<T>, true> m6502_;
 		std::vector<uint8_t> rom_;
 
 	private:

Machines/Commodore/1540/Implementation/C1540Base.hpp

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class MachineBase:
 		void set_activity_observer(Activity::Observer *observer);
 
 	protected:
-		CPU::MOS6502::Processor<MachineBase, false> m6502_;
+		CPU::MOS6502::Processor<CPU::MOS6502::Personality::P6502, MachineBase, false> m6502_;
 		std::shared_ptr<Storage::Disk::Drive> drive_;
 
 		uint8_t ram_[0x800];

Machines/Commodore/Vic-20/Vic20.cpp

@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ class ConcreteMachine:
 		void update_video() {
 			mos6560_->run_for(cycles_since_mos6560_update_.flush());
 		}
-		CPU::MOS6502::Processor<ConcreteMachine, false> m6502_;
+		CPU::MOS6502::Processor<CPU::MOS6502::Personality::P6502, ConcreteMachine, false> m6502_;
 
 		std::vector<uint8_t>  character_rom_;
 		std::vector<uint8_t>  basic_rom_;

Machines/Electron/Electron.cpp

@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ class ConcreteMachine:
 			m6502_.set_irq_line(interrupt_status_ & 1);
 		}
 
-		CPU::MOS6502::Processor<ConcreteMachine, false> m6502_;
+		CPU::MOS6502::Processor<CPU::MOS6502::Personality::P6502, ConcreteMachine, false> m6502_;
 
 		// Things that directly constitute the memory map.
 		uint8_t roms_[16][16384];

Machines/Oric/Oric.cpp

@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ template <Analyser::Static::Oric::Target::DiskInterface disk_interface> class Co
 		const uint16_t basic_invisible_ram_top_ = 0xffff;
 		const uint16_t basic_visible_ram_top_ = 0xbfff;
 
-		CPU::MOS6502::Processor<ConcreteMachine, false> m6502_;
+		CPU::MOS6502::Processor<CPU::MOS6502::Personality::P6502, ConcreteMachine, false> m6502_;
 
 		// RAM and ROM
 		std::vector<uint8_t> rom_, microdisc_rom_, colour_rom_;

OSBindings/Mac/Clock Signal.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 	objects = {
 
 /* Begin PBXBuildFile section */
+		4B018B89211930DE002A3937 /* 65C02_extended_opcodes_test.bin in Resources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 4B018B88211930DE002A3937 /* 65C02_extended_opcodes_test.bin */; };
 		4B01A6881F22F0DB001FD6E3 /* Z80MemptrTests.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 4B01A6871F22F0DB001FD6E3 /* Z80MemptrTests.swift */; };
 		4B0333AF2094081A0050B93D /* AppleDSK.cpp in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 4B0333AD2094081A0050B93D /* AppleDSK.cpp */; };
 		4B0333B02094081A0050B93D /* AppleDSK.cpp in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 4B0333AD2094081A0050B93D /* AppleDSK.cpp */; };
@@ -690,6 +691,7 @@
 /* End PBXCopyFilesBuildPhase section */
 
 /* Begin PBXFileReference section */
+		4B018B88211930DE002A3937 /* 65C02_extended_opcodes_test.bin */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = archive.macbinary; name = 65C02_extended_opcodes_test.bin; path = "Klaus Dormann/65C02_extended_opcodes_test.bin"; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		4B01A6871F22F0DB001FD6E3 /* Z80MemptrTests.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; fileEncoding = 4; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = Z80MemptrTests.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		4B0333AD2094081A0050B93D /* AppleDSK.cpp */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.cpp.cpp; path = AppleDSK.cpp; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		4B0333AE2094081A0050B93D /* AppleDSK.hpp */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.cpp.h; path = AppleDSK.hpp; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
@@ -1005,6 +1007,7 @@
 		4B894516201967B4007DE474 /* StaticAnalyser.cpp */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; fileEncoding = 4; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.cpp.cpp; path = StaticAnalyser.cpp; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		4B894517201967B4007DE474 /* StaticAnalyser.cpp */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; fileEncoding = 4; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.cpp.cpp; path = StaticAnalyser.cpp; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		4B894540201967D6007DE474 /* Machines.hpp */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.cpp.h; path = Machines.hpp; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
+		4B8A7E85212F988200F2BBC6 /* ClockDeferrer.hpp */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.cpp.h; path = ClockDeferrer.hpp; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		4B8D287E1F77207100645199 /* TrackSerialiser.hpp */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.cpp.h; path = TrackSerialiser.hpp; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		4B8E4ECD1DCE483D003716C3 /* KeyboardMachine.hpp */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.cpp.h; path = KeyboardMachine.hpp; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		4B8EF6071FE5AF830076CCDD /* LowpassSpeaker.hpp */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; fileEncoding = 4; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.cpp.h; path = LowpassSpeaker.hpp; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
@@ -1545,14 +1548,15 @@
 		4B1414631B588A1100E04248 /* Test Binaries */ = {
 			isa = PBXGroup;
 			children = (
-				4B98A1CD1FFADEC400ADF63B /* MSX ROMs */,
 				4B9252CD1E74D28200B76AF1 /* Atari ROMs */,
 				4B44EBF81DC9898E00A7820C /* BCDTEST_beeb */,
+				4B98A1CD1FFADEC400ADF63B /* MSX ROMs */,
+				4B018B88211930DE002A3937 /* 65C02_extended_opcodes_test.bin */,
 				4B44EBF61DC9883B00A7820C /* 6502_functional_test.bin */,
 				4B44EBF41DC987AE00A7820C /* AllSuiteA.bin */,
-				4BE9A6B21EDE294200CBCB47 /* Zexall */,
 				4BBF49B41ED2881600AB3669 /* FUSE */,
 				4BB297E41B587D8300A49093 /* Wolfgang Lorenz 6502 test suite */,
+				4BE9A6B21EDE294200CBCB47 /* Zexall */,
 			);
 			name = "Test Binaries";
 			sourceTree = "<group>";
@@ -3146,6 +3150,7 @@
 				4BB06B211F316A3F00600C7A /* ForceInline.hpp */,
 				4BB146C61F49D7D700253439 /* ClockingHintSource.hpp */,
 				4B449C942063389900A095C8 /* TimeTypes.hpp */,
+				4B8A7E85212F988200F2BBC6 /* ClockDeferrer.hpp */,
 			);
 			name = ClockReceiver;
 			path = ../../ClockReceiver;
@@ -3330,6 +3335,7 @@
 				4BB2998A1B587D8400A49093 /* lseix in Resources */,
 				4BB2994E1B587D8400A49093 /* dexn in Resources */,
 				4BB299971B587D8400A49093 /* nopa in Resources */,
+				4B018B89211930DE002A3937 /* 65C02_extended_opcodes_test.bin in Resources */,
 				4BFCA1291ECBE7A700AC40C1 /* zexall.com in Resources */,
 				4BB299521B587D8400A49093 /* eoray in Resources */,
 				4BB299411B587D8400A49093 /* cpyb in Resources */,

OSBindings/Mac/Clock Signal/Base.lproj/MainMenu.xib

@@ -116,6 +116,11 @@
                                     <action selector="saveScreenshot:" target="-1" id="7ky-xD-tip"/>
                                 </connections>
                             </menuItem>
+                            <menuItem title="Insert..." keyEquivalent="O" id="qQa-kh-4nz">
+                                <connections>
+                                    <action selector="insertMedia:" target="-1" id="9Hs-9J-dlY"/>
+                                </connections>
+                            </menuItem>
                             <menuItem isSeparatorItem="YES" id="rXU-KX-GkZ"/>
                             <menuItem title="Page Setup…" enabled="NO" keyEquivalent="P" id="qIS-W8-SiK">
                                 <modifierMask key="keyEquivalentModifierMask" shift="YES" command="YES"/>

OSBindings/Mac/Clock Signal/Documents/MachineDocument.swift

@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ class MachineDocument:
 		super.windowControllerDidLoadNib(aController)
 		aController.window?.contentAspectRatio = self.aspectRatio()
 		setupMachineOutput()
-
 	}
 
 	// Attempting to show a sheet before the window is visible (such as when the NIB is loaded) results in
@@ -213,6 +212,7 @@ class MachineDocument:
 		}
 	}
 
+	// MARK: Runtime media insertion.
 	final func openGLView(_ view: CSOpenGLView, didReceiveFileAt URL: URL) {
 		let mediaSet = CSMediaSet(fileAt: URL)
 		if let mediaSet = mediaSet {
@@ -220,6 +220,21 @@ class MachineDocument:
 		}
 	}
 
+	@IBAction final func insertMedia(_ sender: AnyObject!) {
+		let openPanel = NSOpenPanel()
+		openPanel.message = "Hint: you can also insert media by dragging and dropping it onto the machine's window."
+		openPanel.beginSheetModal(for: self.windowControllers[0].window!) { (response) in
+			if response == .OK {
+				for url in openPanel.urls {
+					let mediaSet = CSMediaSet(fileAt: url)
+					if let mediaSet = mediaSet {
+						mediaSet.apply(to: self.machine)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	// MARK: NSDocument overrides
 	override func data(ofType typeName: String) throws -> Data {
 		throw NSError(domain: NSOSStatusErrorDomain, code: unimpErr, userInfo: nil)
@@ -266,7 +281,7 @@ class MachineDocument:
 	@IBAction func createMachine(_ sender: NSButton?) {
 		self.configureAs(machinePicker!.selectedMachine())
 		machinePicker = nil
-		sender?.window?.close()
+		self.windowControllers[0].window?.endSheet(self.machinePickerPanel!)
 	}
 
 	@IBAction func cancelCreateMachine(_ sender: NSButton?) {
@@ -287,6 +302,7 @@ class MachineDocument:
 			switch item.action {
 				case #selector(self.useKeyboardAsKeyboard):
 					if machine == nil || !machine.hasKeyboard {
+						menuItem.state = .off
 						return false
 					}
 
@@ -295,6 +311,7 @@ class MachineDocument:
 
 				case #selector(self.useKeyboardAsJoystick):
 					if machine == nil || !machine.hasJoystick {
+						menuItem.state = .off
 						return false
 					}
 
@@ -304,6 +321,9 @@ class MachineDocument:
 				case #selector(self.showActivity(_:)):
 					return self.activityPanel != nil
 
+				case #selector(self.insertMedia(_:)):
+					return self.machine != nil && self.machine.canInsertMedia
+
 				default: break
 			}
 		}

OSBindings/Mac/Clock Signal/Info.plist

@@ -13,39 +13,43 @@
 				<string>bin</string>
 			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeIconFile</key>
-			<string>cartridge</string>
+			<string>cartridge.png</string>
+			<key>CFBundleTypeOSTypes</key>
+			<array>
+				<string>????</string>
+			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
 			<string>Atari 2600 Cartridge</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
 			<string>Viewer</string>
-			<key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
-			<array>
-				<string>public.item</string>
-			</array>
 			<key>LSTypeIsPackage</key>
-			<integer>0</integer>
+			<false/>
 			<key>NSDocumentClass</key>
 			<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).MachineDocument</string>
+			<key>LSHandlerRank</key>
+			<string>Owner</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key>
 			<array>
 				<string>rom</string>
 			</array>
+			<key>CFBundleTypeOSTypes</key>
+			<array>
+				<string>????</string>
+			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeIconFile</key>
-			<string>chip</string>
+			<string>chip.png</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
 			<string>ROM Image</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
 			<string>Viewer</string>
-			<key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
-			<array>
-				<string>public.item</string>
-			</array>
 			<key>LSTypeIsPackage</key>
-			<integer>0</integer>
+			<false/>
 			<key>NSDocumentClass</key>
 			<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).MachineDocument</string>
+			<key>LSHandlerRank</key>
+			<string>Owner</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key>
@@ -53,100 +57,110 @@
 				<string>uef</string>
 				<string>uef.gz</string>
 			</array>
+			<key>CFBundleTypeOSTypes</key>
+			<array>
+				<string>????</string>
+			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeIconFile</key>
-			<string>cassette</string>
+			<string>cassette.png</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
 			<string>Electron/BBC UEF Image</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
 			<string>Viewer</string>
-			<key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
-			<array>
-				<string>public.item</string>
-			</array>
 			<key>LSTypeIsPackage</key>
-			<integer>0</integer>
+			<false/>
 			<key>NSDocumentClass</key>
 			<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).MachineDocument</string>
+			<key>LSHandlerRank</key>
+			<string>Owner</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key>
 			<array>
 				<string>prg</string>
 			</array>
+			<key>CFBundleTypeOSTypes</key>
+			<array>
+				<string>????</string>
+			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeIconFile</key>
-			<string>floppy525</string>
+			<string>floppy525.png</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
 			<string>Commodore Program</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
 			<string>Viewer</string>
-			<key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
-			<array>
-				<string>public.item</string>
-			</array>
 			<key>LSTypeIsPackage</key>
-			<integer>0</integer>
+			<false/>
 			<key>NSDocumentClass</key>
 			<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).MachineDocument</string>
+			<key>LSHandlerRank</key>
+			<string>Owner</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key>
 			<array>
 				<string>tap</string>
 			</array>
+			<key>CFBundleTypeOSTypes</key>
+			<array>
+				<string>????</string>
+			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeIconFile</key>
-			<string>cassette</string>
+			<string>cassette.png</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
 			<string>Tape Image</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
 			<string>Viewer</string>
-			<key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
-			<array>
-				<string>public.item</string>
-			</array>
 			<key>LSTypeIsPackage</key>
-			<integer>0</integer>
+			<false/>
 			<key>NSDocumentClass</key>
 			<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).MachineDocument</string>
+			<key>LSHandlerRank</key>
+			<string>Owner</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key>
 			<array>
 				<string>g64</string>
 			</array>
+			<key>CFBundleTypeOSTypes</key>
+			<array>
+				<string>????</string>
+			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeIconFile</key>
-			<string>floppy525</string>
+			<string>floppy525.png</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
 			<string>Commodore Disk</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
 			<string>Editor</string>
-			<key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
-			<array>
-				<string>public.item</string>
-			</array>
 			<key>LSTypeIsPackage</key>
-			<integer>0</integer>
+			<false/>
 			<key>NSDocumentClass</key>
 			<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).MachineDocument</string>
+			<key>LSHandlerRank</key>
+			<string>Owner</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key>
 			<array>
 				<string>d64</string>
 			</array>
+			<key>CFBundleTypeOSTypes</key>
+			<array>
+				<string>????</string>
+			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeIconFile</key>
-			<string>floppy525</string>
+			<string>floppy525.png</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
 			<string>Commodore 1540/1 Disk</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
 			<string>Editor</string>
-			<key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
-			<array>
-				<string>public.item</string>
-			</array>
 			<key>LSTypeIsPackage</key>
-			<integer>0</integer>
+			<false/>
 			<key>NSDocumentClass</key>
 			<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).MachineDocument</string>
+			<key>LSHandlerRank</key>
+			<string>Owner</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key>
@@ -157,40 +171,44 @@
 				<string>adl</string>
 				<string>adm</string>
 			</array>
+			<key>CFBundleTypeOSTypes</key>
+			<array>
+				<string>????</string>
+			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeIconFile</key>
-			<string>floppy35</string>
+			<string>floppy35.png</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
 			<string>Electron/BBC Disk Image</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
 			<string>Editor</string>
-			<key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
-			<array>
-				<string>public.item</string>
-			</array>
 			<key>LSTypeIsPackage</key>
-			<integer>0</integer>
+			<false/>
 			<key>NSDocumentClass</key>
 			<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).MachineDocument</string>
+			<key>LSHandlerRank</key>
+			<string>Owner</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key>
 			<array>
 				<string>dsk</string>
 			</array>
+			<key>CFBundleTypeOSTypes</key>
+			<array>
+				<string>????</string>
+			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeIconFile</key>
-			<string>floppy35</string>
+			<string>floppy35.png</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
 			<string>Disk Image</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
 			<string>Editor</string>
-			<key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
-			<array>
-				<string>public.item</string>
-			</array>
 			<key>LSTypeIsPackage</key>
-			<integer>0</integer>
+			<false/>
 			<key>NSDocumentClass</key>
 			<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).MachineDocument</string>
+			<key>LSHandlerRank</key>
+			<string>Owner</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key>
@@ -198,20 +216,22 @@
 				<string>o</string>
 				<string>80</string>
 			</array>
+			<key>CFBundleTypeOSTypes</key>
+			<array>
+				<string>????</string>
+			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeIconFile</key>
-			<string>cassette</string>
+			<string>cassette.png</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
 			<string>ZX80 Tape Image</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
 			<string>Viewer</string>
-			<key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
-			<array>
-				<string>public.item</string>
-			</array>
 			<key>LSTypeIsPackage</key>
-			<integer>0</integer>
+			<false/>
 			<key>NSDocumentClass</key>
 			<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).MachineDocument</string>
+			<key>LSHandlerRank</key>
+			<string>Owner</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key>
@@ -220,178 +240,196 @@
 				<string>81</string>
 				<string>p81</string>
 			</array>
+			<key>CFBundleTypeOSTypes</key>
+			<array>
+				<string>????</string>
+			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeIconFile</key>
-			<string>cassette</string>
+			<string>cassette.png</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
 			<string>ZX81 Tape Image</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
 			<string>Viewer</string>
-			<key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
-			<array>
-				<string>public.item</string>
-			</array>
 			<key>LSTypeIsPackage</key>
-			<integer>0</integer>
+			<false/>
 			<key>NSDocumentClass</key>
 			<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).MachineDocument</string>
+			<key>LSHandlerRank</key>
+			<string>Owner</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key>
 			<array>
 				<string>csw</string>
 			</array>
+			<key>CFBundleTypeOSTypes</key>
+			<array>
+				<string>????</string>
+			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeIconFile</key>
-			<string>cassette</string>
+			<string>cassette.png</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
 			<string>Tape Image</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
 			<string>Viewer</string>
-			<key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
-			<array>
-				<string>public.item</string>
-			</array>
 			<key>LSTypeIsPackage</key>
-			<integer>0</integer>
+			<false/>
 			<key>NSDocumentClass</key>
 			<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).MachineDocument</string>
+			<key>LSHandlerRank</key>
+			<string>Owner</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key>
 			<array>
 				<string>tzx</string>
 			</array>
+			<key>CFBundleTypeOSTypes</key>
+			<array>
+				<string>????</string>
+			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeIconFile</key>
-			<string>cassette</string>
+			<string>cassette.png</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
 			<string>Tape Image</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
 			<string>Viewer</string>
-			<key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
-			<array>
-				<string>public.item</string>
-			</array>
 			<key>LSTypeIsPackage</key>
-			<integer>0</integer>
+			<false/>
 			<key>NSDocumentClass</key>
 			<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).MachineDocument</string>
+			<key>LSHandlerRank</key>
+			<string>Owner</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key>
 			<array>
 				<string>cdt</string>
 			</array>
+			<key>CFBundleTypeOSTypes</key>
+			<array>
+				<string>????</string>
+			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeIconFile</key>
-			<string>cassette</string>
+			<string>cassette.png</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
 			<string>Amstrad CPC Tape Image</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
 			<string>Viewer</string>
-			<key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
-			<array>
-				<string>public.item</string>
-			</array>
 			<key>LSTypeIsPackage</key>
-			<integer>0</integer>
+			<false/>
 			<key>NSDocumentClass</key>
 			<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).MachineDocument</string>
+			<key>LSHandlerRank</key>
+			<string>Owner</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key>
 			<array>
 				<string>hfe</string>
 			</array>
+			<key>CFBundleTypeOSTypes</key>
+			<array>
+				<string>????</string>
+			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeIconFile</key>
-			<string>floppy35</string>
+			<string>floppy35.png</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
 			<string>HxC Disk Image</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
 			<string>Viewer</string>
-			<key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
-			<array>
-				<string>public.item</string>
-			</array>
 			<key>LSTypeIsPackage</key>
-			<integer>0</integer>
+			<false/>
 			<key>NSDocumentClass</key>
 			<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).MachineDocument</string>
+			<key>LSHandlerRank</key>
+			<string>Owner</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key>
 			<array>
 				<string>cas</string>
 			</array>
+			<key>CFBundleTypeOSTypes</key>
+			<array>
+				<string>????</string>
+			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeIconFile</key>
-			<string>cassette</string>
+			<string>cassette.png</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
 			<string>MSX Tape Image</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
 			<string>Viewer</string>
-			<key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
-			<array>
-				<string>public.item</string>
-			</array>
 			<key>LSTypeIsPackage</key>
-			<integer>0</integer>
+			<false/>
 			<key>NSDocumentClass</key>
 			<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).MachineDocument</string>
+			<key>LSHandlerRank</key>
+			<string>Owner</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key>
 			<array>
 				<string>dmk</string>
 			</array>
+			<key>CFBundleTypeOSTypes</key>
+			<array>
+				<string>????</string>
+			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeIconFile</key>
-			<string>floppy35</string>
+			<string>floppy35.png</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
 			<string>Disk Image</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
 			<string>Viewer</string>
-			<key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
-			<array>
-				<string>public.item</string>
-			</array>
 			<key>LSTypeIsPackage</key>
-			<integer>0</integer>
+			<false/>
+			<key>LSHandlerRank</key>
+			<string>Owner</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key>
 			<array>
 				<string>tsx</string>
 			</array>
+			<key>CFBundleTypeOSTypes</key>
+			<array>
+				<string>????</string>
+			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeIconFile</key>
-			<string>cassette</string>
+			<string>cassette.png</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
 			<string>MSX Tape Image</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
 			<string>Viewer</string>
-			<key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
-			<array>
-				<string>public.item</string>
-			</array>
 			<key>LSTypeIsPackage</key>
-			<integer>0</integer>
+			<false/>
 			<key>NSDocumentClass</key>
 			<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).MachineDocument</string>
+			<key>LSHandlerRank</key>
+			<string>Owner</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key>
 			<array>
 				<string>col</string>
 			</array>
+			<key>CFBundleTypeOSTypes</key>
+			<array>
+				<string>????</string>
+			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeIconFile</key>
-			<string>cartridge</string>
+			<string>cartridge.png</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
 			<string>ColecoVision Cartridge</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
 			<string>Viewer</string>
-			<key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
-			<array>
-				<string>public.item</string>
-			</array>
 			<key>LSTypeIsPackage</key>
-			<integer>0</integer>
+			<false/>
 			<key>NSDocumentClass</key>
 			<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).MachineDocument</string>
+			<key>LSHandlerRank</key>
+			<string>Owner</string>
 		</dict>
 		<dict>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key>
@@ -401,20 +439,22 @@
 				<string>do</string>
 				<string>po</string>
 			</array>
+			<key>CFBundleTypeOSTypes</key>
+			<array>
+				<string>????</string>
+			</array>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeIconFile</key>
-			<string>floppy525</string>
+			<string>floppy525.png</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
 			<string>Apple II Disk Image</string>
 			<key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
 			<string>Viewer</string>
-			<key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
-			<array>
-				<string>public.item</string>
-			</array>
 			<key>LSTypeIsPackage</key>
-			<integer>0</integer>
+			<false/>
 			<key>NSDocumentClass</key>
 			<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).MachineDocument</string>
+			<key>LSHandlerRank</key>
+			<string>Owner</string>
 		</dict>
 	</array>
 	<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
@@ -436,7 +476,7 @@
 	<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
 	<string>1</string>
 	<key>LSApplicationCategoryType</key>
-	<string></string>
+	<string>public.app-category.entertainment</string>
 	<key>LSMinimumSystemVersion</key>
 	<string>$(MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET)</string>
 	<key>NSHumanReadableCopyright</key>

OSBindings/Mac/Clock Signal/Machine/CSMachine.h

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CSMachineKeyboardInputMode) {
 @interface CSMachine : NSObject
 
 - (nonnull instancetype)init NS_UNAVAILABLE;
+
 /*!
 	Initialises an instance of CSMachine.
 
@@ -70,6 +71,8 @@ typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CSMachineKeyboardInputMode) {
 @property (nonatomic, assign) CSMachineVideoSignal videoSignal;
 @property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL useAutomaticTapeMotorControl;
 
+@property (nonatomic, readonly) BOOL canInsertMedia;
+
 - (bool)supportsVideoSignal:(CSMachineVideoSignal)videoSignal;
 
 // Input control.

OSBindings/Mac/Clock Signal/Machine/CSMachine.mm

@@ -516,6 +516,10 @@ struct ActivityObserver: public Activity::Observer {
 	return [[NSString stringWithUTF8String:name.c_str()] lowercaseString];
 }
 
+- (BOOL)canInsertMedia {
+	return !!_machine->media_target();
+}
+
 #pragma mark - Special machines
 
 - (CSAtari2600 *)atari2600 {

OSBindings/Mac/Clock Signal/Machine/StaticAnalyser/CSStaticAnalyser.h

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@
 typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CSMachineAppleIIModel) {
 	CSMachineAppleIIModelAppleII,
 	CSMachineAppleIIModelAppleIIPlus,
-	CSMachineAppleIIModelAppleIIe
+	CSMachineAppleIIModelAppleIIe,
+	CSMachineAppleIIModelAppleEnhancedIIe
 };
 
 typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CSMachineAppleIIDiskController) {

OSBindings/Mac/Clock Signal/Machine/StaticAnalyser/CSStaticAnalyser.mm

@@ -172,6 +172,7 @@ static Analyser::Static::ZX8081::Target::MemoryModel ZX8081MemoryModelFromSize(K
 			default: 									target->model = Target::Model::II; 				break;
 			case CSMachineAppleIIModelAppleIIPlus:		target->model = Target::Model::IIplus;			break;
 			case CSMachineAppleIIModelAppleIIe:			target->model = Target::Model::IIe;				break;
+			case CSMachineAppleIIModelAppleEnhancedIIe:	target->model = Target::Model::EnhancedIIe;		break;
 		}
 		switch(diskController) {
 			default:

OSBindings/Mac/Clock Signal/MachinePicker/Base.lproj/MachinePicker.xib

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Gw
                                             </textFieldCell>
                                         </textField>
                                         <popUpButton verticalHuggingPriority="750" translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints="NO" id="jli-ac-Sij">
-                                            <rect key="frame" x="65" y="67" width="91" height="26"/>
+                                            <rect key="frame" x="65" y="67" width="115" height="26"/>
                                             <popUpButtonCell key="cell" type="push" title="Apple II" bezelStyle="rounded" alignment="left" lineBreakMode="truncatingTail" state="on" borderStyle="borderAndBezel" imageScaling="proportionallyDown" inset="2" selectedItem="VBQ-JG-AeM" id="U6V-us-O2F">
                                                 <behavior key="behavior" lightByBackground="YES" lightByGray="YES"/>
                                                 <font key="font" metaFont="menu"/>
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ Gw
                                                         <menuItem title="Apple II" state="on" id="VBQ-JG-AeM"/>
                                                         <menuItem title="Apple II+" tag="1" id="Yme-Wn-Obh"/>
                                                         <menuItem title="Apple IIe" tag="2" id="AMt-WU-a0H"/>
+                                                        <menuItem title="Enhanced IIe" tag="3" id="kUz-FG-lqW"/>
                                                     </items>
                                                 </menu>
                                             </popUpButtonCell>

OSBindings/Mac/Clock Signal/MachinePicker/MachinePicker.swift

@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ class MachinePicker: NSObject {
 				switch appleIIModelButton!.selectedTag() {
 					case 1:		model = .appleIIPlus
 					case 2:		model = .appleIIe
+					case 3:		model = .appleEnhancedIIe
 					case 0:		fallthrough
 					default:	model = .appleII
 				}

OSBindings/Mac/Clock SignalTests/6502InterruptTests.swift

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class MOS6502InterruptTests: XCTestCase {
 		super.setUp()
 
 		// create a machine full of NOPs
-		machine = CSTestMachine6502()
+		machine = CSTestMachine6502(is65C02: false)
 		for c in 0...65535 {
 			machine.setValue(0xea, forAddress: UInt16(c))
 		}

OSBindings/Mac/Clock SignalTests/6502TimingTests.swift

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import XCTest
 class MOS6502TimingTests: XCTestCase, CSTestMachineTrapHandler {
 
 	private var endTime: UInt32 = 0
-	private let machine = CSTestMachine6502()
+	private let machine = CSTestMachine6502(is65C02: false)
 
 	func testImplied() {
 		let code: [UInt8] = [

OSBindings/Mac/Clock SignalTests/AllSuiteATests.swift

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class AllSuiteATests: XCTestCase {
 	func testAllSuiteA() {
 		if let filename = Bundle(for: type(of: self)).path(forResource: "AllSuiteA", ofType: "bin") {
 			if let allSuiteA = try? Data(contentsOf: URL(fileURLWithPath: filename)) {
-				let machine = CSTestMachine6502()
+				let machine = CSTestMachine6502(is65C02: false)
 
 				machine.setData(allSuiteA, atAddress: 0x4000)
 				machine.setValue(CSTestMachine6502JamOpcode, forAddress:0x45c0);  // end

OSBindings/Mac/Clock SignalTests/BCDTest.swift

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class BCDTest: XCTestCase, CSTestMachineTrapHandler {
 	func testBCD() {
 		if let filename = Bundle(for: type(of: self)).path(forResource: "BCDTEST_beeb", ofType: nil) {
 			if let bcdTest = try? Data(contentsOf: URL(fileURLWithPath: filename)) {
-				let machine = CSTestMachine6502()
+				let machine = CSTestMachine6502(is65C02: false)
 				machine.trapHandler = self
 
 				machine.setData(bcdTest, atAddress: 0x2900)

OSBindings/Mac/Clock SignalTests/Bridges/C1540Bridge.mm

@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ class VanillaSerialPort: public Commodore::Serial::Port {
 		_serialBus.reset(new ::Commodore::Serial::Bus);
 		_serialPort.reset(new VanillaSerialPort);
 
-		_c1540.reset(new Commodore::C1540::Machine(Commodore::C1540::Machine::C1540));
-		_c1540->set_rom_fetcher(CSROMFetcher());
+		auto rom_fetcher = CSROMFetcher();
+		_c1540.reset(new Commodore::C1540::Machine(Commodore::C1540::Personality::C1540, rom_fetcher));
 		_c1540->set_serial_bus(_serialBus);
 		Commodore::Serial::AttachPortAndBus(_serialPort, _serialBus);
 	}

OSBindings/Mac/Clock SignalTests/Bridges/TestMachine6502.h

@@ -23,7 +23,11 @@ extern const uint8_t CSTestMachine6502JamOpcode;
 
 @interface CSTestMachine6502 : CSTestMachine
 
-- (void)setData:(NSData *)data atAddress:(uint16_t)startAddress;
+- (nonnull instancetype)init NS_UNAVAILABLE;
+
+- (nonnull instancetype)initIs65C02:(BOOL)is65C02;
+
+- (void)setData:(nonnull NSData *)data atAddress:(uint16_t)startAddress;
 - (void)runForNumberOfCycles:(int)cycles;
 
 - (void)setValue:(uint8_t)value forAddress:(uint16_t)address;

OSBindings/Mac/Clock SignalTests/Bridges/TestMachine6502.mm

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 #import "TestMachine6502.h"
 #include <stdint.h>
-#include "6502AllRAM.hpp"
+#include "../../../../Processors/6502/AllRAM/6502AllRAM.hpp"
 #import "TestMachine+ForSubclassEyesOnly.h"
 
 const uint8_t CSTestMachine6502JamOpcode = CPU::MOS6502::JamOpcode;
@@ -35,11 +35,12 @@ static CPU::MOS6502::Register registerForRegister(CSTestMachine6502Register reg)
 
 #pragma mark - Lifecycle
 
-- (instancetype)init {
+- (instancetype)initIs65C02:(BOOL)is65C02 {
 	self = [super init];
 
 	if(self) {
-		_processor = CPU::MOS6502::AllRAMProcessor::Processor();
+		_processor = CPU::MOS6502::AllRAMProcessor::Processor(
+			is65C02 ? CPU::MOS6502::Personality::PWDC65C02 : CPU::MOS6502::Personality::P6502);
 	}
 
 	return self;

OSBindings/Mac/Clock SignalTests/KlausDormannTests.swift

@@ -11,10 +11,37 @@ import XCTest
 
 class KlausDormannTests: XCTestCase {
 
-	func testKlausDormann() {
+	fileprivate func runTest(resource: String, is65C02: Bool) -> UInt16 {
+		if let filename = Bundle(for: type(of: self)).path(forResource: resource, ofType: "bin") {
+			if let functionalTest = try? Data(contentsOf: URL(fileURLWithPath: filename)) {
+				let machine = CSTestMachine6502(is65C02: is65C02)
 
+				machine.setData(functionalTest, atAddress: 0)
+				machine.setValue(0x400, for: .programCounter)
+
+				while true {
+					let oldPC = machine.value(for: .lastOperationAddress)
+					machine.runForNumber(ofCycles: 1000)
+					let newPC = machine.value(for: .lastOperationAddress)
+
+					if newPC == oldPC {
+						machine.runForNumber(ofCycles: 7)
+
+						let retestPC = machine.value(for: .lastOperationAddress)
+						if retestPC == oldPC {
+							return newPC
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	/// Runs Klaus Dorman's 6502 tests.
+	func test6502() {
 		func errorForTrapAddress(_ address: UInt16) -> String? {
-			let hexAddress = String(format:"%04x", address)
 			switch address {
 				case 0x3399: return nil // success!
 
@@ -28,29 +55,63 @@ class KlausDormannTests: XCTestCase {
 				case 0x26d2: return "ASL zpg,x produced incorrect flags"
 				case 0x36c6: return "Unexpected RESET"
 
-				default: return "Unknown error at \(hexAddress)"
+				case 0: return "Didn't find tests"
+
+				default: return "Unknown error at \(String(format:"%04x", address))"
 			}
 		}
 
-		if let filename = Bundle(for: type(of: self)).path(forResource: "6502_functional_test", ofType: "bin") {
-			if let functionalTest = try? Data(contentsOf: URL(fileURLWithPath: filename)) {
-				let machine = CSTestMachine6502()
-
-				machine.setData(functionalTest, atAddress: 0)
-				machine.setValue(0x400, for: .programCounter)
-
-				while true {
-					let oldPC = machine.value(for: .lastOperationAddress)
-					machine.runForNumber(ofCycles: 1000)
-					let newPC = machine.value(for: .lastOperationAddress)
-
-					if newPC == oldPC {
-						let error = errorForTrapAddress(oldPC)
+		let destination = runTest(resource: "6502_functional_test", is65C02: false)
+		let error = errorForTrapAddress(destination)
 		XCTAssert(error == nil, "Failed with error \(error!)")
-						return
-					}
-				}
+	}
+
+	/// Runs Klaus Dorman's 65C02 tests.
+	func test65C02() {
+		func errorForTrapAddress(_ address: UInt16) -> String? {
+			switch address {
+				case 0x24f1: return nil // success!
+
+				case 0x0423: return "PHX: value of X not on stack page"
+				case 0x0428: return "PHX: stack pointer not decremented"
+				case 0x042d: return "PLY: didn't acquire value 0xaa from stack"
+				case 0x0432: return "PLY: didn't acquire value 0x55 from stack"
+				case 0x0437: return "PLY: stack pointer not incremented"
+				case 0x043c: return "PLY: stack pointer not incremented"
+
+				case 0x066a: return "BRA: branch not taken"
+				case 0x0730: return "BBS: branch not taken"
+				case 0x0733: return "BBR: branch taken"
+
+				case 0x2884: return "JMP (abs) exhibited 6502 page-crossing bug"
+				case 0x16ca: return "JMP (abs, x) failed"
+
+				case 0x2785: return "BRK didn't clear the decimal mode flag"
+
+				case 0x177b: return "INC A didn't function"
+
+				case 0x1834: return "LDA (zp) acted as JAM"
+				case 0x183a: return "STA (zp) acted as JAM"
+				case 0x1849: return "LDA/STA (zp) left flags in incorrect state"
+
+				case 0x1983: return "STZ didn't store zero"
+
+				case 0x1b03: return "BIT didn't set flags correctly"
+				case 0x1c6c: return "BIT immediate didn't set flags correctly"
+
+				case 0x1d88: return "TRB set Z flag incorrectly"
+				case 0x1e7c: return "RMB set flags incorrectly"
+
+				case 0x2245: return "CMP (zero) didn't work"
+				case 0x2506: return "Decimal ADC set flags incorrectly"
+
+				case 0: return "Didn't find tests"
+				default: return "Unknown error at \(String(format:"%04x", address))"
 			}
 		}
+
+		let destination = runTest(resource: "65C02_extended_opcodes_test", is65C02: true)
+		let error = errorForTrapAddress(destination)
+		XCTAssert(error == nil, "Failed with error \(error!)")
 	}
 }

OSBindings/Mac/Clock SignalTests/WolfgangLorenzTests.swift

@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ class WolfgangLorenzTests: XCTestCase, CSTestMachineTrapHandler {
 		if let filename = Bundle(for: type(of: self)).path(forResource: name, ofType: nil) {
 			if let testData = try? Data(contentsOf: URL(fileURLWithPath: filename)) {
 
-				machine = CSTestMachine6502()
+				machine = CSTestMachine6502(is65C02: false)
 				machine.trapHandler = self
 //				machine.logActivity = true
 				output = ""

Processors/6502/6502.hpp

@@ -33,6 +33,22 @@ enum Register {
 	S
 };
 
+/*
+	The list of 6502 variants supported by this implementation.
+*/
+enum Personality {
+	P6502,				// the original [NMOS] 6502, replete with various undocumented instructions
+	PNES6502,			// the NES's 6502, which is like a 6502 but lacks decimal mode (though it retains the decimal flag)
+	PSynertek65C02,		// a 6502 extended with BRA, P[H/L][X/Y], STZ, TRB, TSB and the (zp) addressing mode and a few other additions
+	PWDC65C02,			// like the Synertek, but with BBR, BBS, RMB and SMB
+	PRockwell65C02,		// like the WDC, but with STP and WAI
+};
+
+#define is_65c02(p) 		((p) >= Personality::PSynertek65C02)
+#define has_bbrbbsrmbsmb(p) ((p) >= Personality::PWDC65C02)
+#define has_stpwai(p)		((p) >= Personality::PRockwell65C02)
+#define has_decimal_mode(p) ((p) != Personality::PNES6502)
+
 /*
 	Flags as defined on the 6502; can be used to decode the result of @c get_value_of_register(Flags) or to form a value for
 	the corresponding set.
@@ -110,6 +126,8 @@ class BusHandler {
 */
 class ProcessorBase: public ProcessorStorage {
 	public:
+		ProcessorBase(Personality personality) : ProcessorStorage(personality) {}
+
 		/*!
 			Gets the value of a register.
 
@@ -188,12 +206,12 @@ class ProcessorBase: public ProcessorStorage {
 	can also nominate whether the processor includes support for the ready line. Declining to support the ready line
 	can produce a minor runtime performance improvement.
 */
-template <typename T, bool uses_ready_line> class Processor: public ProcessorBase {
+template <Personality personality, typename T, bool uses_ready_line> class Processor: public ProcessorBase {
 	public:
 		/*!
 			Constructs an instance of the 6502 that will use @c bus_handler for all bus communications.
 		*/
-		Processor(T &bus_handler) : bus_handler_(bus_handler) {}
+		Processor(T &bus_handler) : ProcessorBase(personality), bus_handler_(bus_handler) {}
 
 		/*!
 			Runs the 6502 for a supplied number of cycles.

Processors/6502/AllRAM/6502AllRAM.cpp

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ using namespace CPU::MOS6502;
 
 namespace {
 
-class ConcreteAllRAMProcessor: public AllRAMProcessor, public BusHandler {
+template <Personality personality> class ConcreteAllRAMProcessor: public AllRAMProcessor, public BusHandler {
 	public:
 		ConcreteAllRAMProcessor() :
 			mos6502_(*this) {
@@ -63,11 +63,20 @@ class ConcreteAllRAMProcessor: public AllRAMProcessor, public BusHandler {
 		}
 
 	private:
-		CPU::MOS6502::Processor<ConcreteAllRAMProcessor, false> mos6502_;
+		CPU::MOS6502::Processor<personality, ConcreteAllRAMProcessor, false> mos6502_;
 };
 
 }
 
-AllRAMProcessor *AllRAMProcessor::Processor() {
-	return new ConcreteAllRAMProcessor;
+AllRAMProcessor *AllRAMProcessor::Processor(Personality personality) {
+#define Bind(p) case p: return new ConcreteAllRAMProcessor<p>();
+	switch(personality) {
+		default:
+		Bind(Personality::P6502)
+		Bind(Personality::PNES6502)
+		Bind(Personality::PSynertek65C02)
+		Bind(Personality::PWDC65C02)
+		Bind(Personality::PRockwell65C02)
+	}
+#undef Bind
 }

Processors/6502/AllRAM/6502AllRAM.hpp

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class AllRAMProcessor:
 	public ::CPU::AllRAMProcessor {
 
 	public:
-		static AllRAMProcessor *Processor();
+		static AllRAMProcessor *Processor(Personality personality);
 		virtual ~AllRAMProcessor() {}
 
 		virtual void run_for(const Cycles cycles) = 0;

Processors/6502/Implementation/6502Implementation.hpp

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 	6502.hpp, but it's implementation stuff.
 */
 
-template <typename T, bool uses_ready_line> void Processor<T, uses_ready_line>::run_for(const Cycles cycles) {
-	static const MicroOp doBranch[] = {
+template <Personality personality, typename T, bool uses_ready_line> void Processor<personality, T, uses_ready_line>::run_for(const Cycles cycles) {
+	static const MicroOp do_branch[] = {
 		CycleReadFromPC,
 		CycleAddSignedOperandToPC,
 		OperationMoveToNextProgram
@@ -63,11 +63,33 @@ if(number_of_cycles <= Cycles(0)) break;
 
 	while(number_of_cycles > Cycles(0)) {
 
+		// Deal with a potential RDY state, if this 6502 has anything connected to ready.
 		while(uses_ready_line && ready_is_active_ && number_of_cycles > Cycles(0)) {
 			number_of_cycles -= bus_handler_.perform_bus_operation(BusOperation::Ready, busAddress, busValue);
 		}
 
-		if(!uses_ready_line || !ready_is_active_) {
+		// Deal with a potential STP state, if this 6502 implements STP.
+		while(has_stpwai(personality) && stop_is_active_ && number_of_cycles > Cycles(0)) {
+			number_of_cycles -= bus_handler_.perform_bus_operation(BusOperation::Ready, busAddress, busValue);
+			if(interrupt_requests_ & InterruptRequestFlags::Reset) {
+				stop_is_active_ = false;
+				checkSchedule();
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Deal with a potential WAI state, if this 6502 implements WAI.
+		while(has_stpwai(personality) && wait_is_active_ && number_of_cycles > Cycles(0)) {
+			number_of_cycles -= bus_handler_.perform_bus_operation(BusOperation::Ready, busAddress, busValue);
+			interrupt_requests_ |= (irq_line_ & inverse_interrupt_flag_);
+			if(interrupt_requests_ & InterruptRequestFlags::NMI || irq_line_) {
+				wait_is_active_ = false;
+				checkSchedule();
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if((!uses_ready_line || !ready_is_active_) && (!has_stpwai(personality) || (!wait_is_active_ && !stop_is_active_))) {
 			if(nextBusOperation != BusOperation::None) {
 				bus_access();
 			}
@@ -93,11 +115,25 @@ if(number_of_cycles <= Cycles(0)) break;
 					} break;
 
 					case CycleFetchOperand:
+						// This is supposed to produce the 65C02's 1-cycle NOPs; they're
+						// treated as a special case because they break the rule that
+						// governs everything else on the 6502: that two bytes will always
+						// be fetched.
+						if(
+							!is_65c02(personality) ||
+							(operation_&7) != 3 ||
+							operation_ == 0xcb ||
+							operation_ == 0xdb
+						) {
 							read_mem(operand_, pc_.full);
 							break;
+						} else {
+							continue;
+						}
+					break;
 
 					case OperationDecodeOperation:
-						scheduled_program_counter_ = operations[operation_];
+						scheduled_program_counter_ = operations_[operation_];
 					continue;
 
 					case OperationMoveToNextProgram:
@@ -115,6 +151,8 @@ if(number_of_cycles <= Cycles(0)) break;
 					case CyclePushPCL:					push(pc_.bytes.low);											break;
 					case CyclePushOperand:				push(operand_);													break;
 					case CyclePushA:					push(a_);														break;
+					case CyclePushX:					push(x_);														break;
+					case CyclePushY:					push(y_);														break;
 					case CycleNoWritePush: {
 						uint16_t targetAddress = s_ | 0x100; s_--;
 						read_mem(operand_, targetAddress);
@@ -127,28 +165,44 @@ if(number_of_cycles <= Cycles(0)) break;
 					case CycleReadFromPC:				throwaway_read(pc_.full);										break;
 
 					case OperationBRKPickVector:
-						// NMI can usurp BRK-vector operations
+						if(is_65c02(personality)) {
+							nextAddress.full = 0xfffe;
+						} else {
+							// NMI can usurp BRK-vector operations on the pre-C 6502s.
 							nextAddress.full = (interrupt_requests_ & InterruptRequestFlags::NMI) ? 0xfffa : 0xfffe;
-						interrupt_requests_ &= ~InterruptRequestFlags::NMI;	// TODO: this probably doesn't happen now?
+							interrupt_requests_ &= ~InterruptRequestFlags::NMI;
+						}
 					continue;
 					case OperationNMIPickVector:		nextAddress.full = 0xfffa;											continue;
 					case OperationRSTPickVector:		nextAddress.full = 0xfffc;											continue;
 					case CycleReadVectorLow:			read_mem(pc_.bytes.low, nextAddress.full);							break;
 					case CycleReadVectorHigh:			read_mem(pc_.bytes.high, nextAddress.full+1);						break;
-					case OperationSetI:					inverse_interrupt_flag_ = 0;										continue;
+					case OperationSetIRQFlags:
+						inverse_interrupt_flag_ = 0;
+						if(is_65c02(personality)) decimal_flag_ = false;
+					continue;
+					case OperationSetNMIRSTFlags:
+						if(is_65c02(personality)) decimal_flag_ = false;
+					continue;
 
 					case CyclePullPCL:					s_++; read_mem(pc_.bytes.low, s_ | 0x100);							break;
 					case CyclePullPCH:					s_++; read_mem(pc_.bytes.high, s_ | 0x100);							break;
 					case CyclePullA:					s_++; read_mem(a_, s_ | 0x100);										break;
+					case CyclePullX:					s_++; read_mem(x_, s_ | 0x100);										break;
+					case CyclePullY:					s_++; read_mem(y_, s_ | 0x100);										break;
 					case CyclePullOperand:				s_++; read_mem(operand_, s_ | 0x100);								break;
 					case OperationSetFlagsFromOperand:	set_flags(operand_);												continue;
 					case OperationSetOperandFromFlagsWithBRKSet: operand_ = get_flags() | Flag::Break;						continue;
 					case OperationSetOperandFromFlags:  operand_ = get_flags();												continue;
 					case OperationSetFlagsFromA:		zero_result_ = negative_result_ = a_;								continue;
+					case OperationSetFlagsFromX:		zero_result_ = negative_result_ = x_;								continue;
+					case OperationSetFlagsFromY:		zero_result_ = negative_result_ = y_;								continue;
 
 					case CycleIncrementPCAndReadStack:	pc_.full++; throwaway_read(s_ | 0x100);													break;
 					case CycleReadPCLFromAddress:		read_mem(pc_.bytes.low, address_.full);													break;
-					case CycleReadPCHFromAddress:		address_.bytes.low++; read_mem(pc_.bytes.high, address_.full);		break;
+					case CycleReadPCHFromAddressLowInc:	address_.bytes.low++; read_mem(pc_.bytes.high, address_.full);							break;
+					case CycleReadPCHFromAddressFixed:	if(!address_.bytes.low) address_.bytes.high++; read_mem(pc_.bytes.high, address_.full);	break;
+					case CycleReadPCHFromAddressInc:	address_.full++; read_mem(pc_.bytes.high, address_.full);								break;
 
 					case CycleReadAndIncrementPC: {
 						uint16_t oldPC = pc_.full;
@@ -156,13 +210,21 @@ if(number_of_cycles <= Cycles(0)) break;
 						throwaway_read(oldPC);
 					} break;
 
-// MARK: - JAM
+// MARK: - JAM, WAI, STP
 
-					case CycleScheduleJam: {
+					case OperationScheduleJam: {
 						is_jammed_ = true;
-						scheduled_program_counter_ = operations[CPU::MOS6502::JamOpcode];
+						scheduled_program_counter_ = operations_[CPU::MOS6502::JamOpcode];
 					} continue;
 
+					case OperationScheduleStop:
+						stop_is_active_ = true;
+					break;
+
+					case OperationScheduleWait:
+						wait_is_active_ = true;
+					break;
+
 // MARK: - Bitwise
 
 					case OperationORA:	a_ |= operand_;	negative_result_ = zero_result_ = a_;		continue;
@@ -175,10 +237,12 @@ if(number_of_cycles <= Cycles(0)) break;
 					case OperationLDX:	x_ = negative_result_ = zero_result_ = operand_;			continue;
 					case OperationLDY:	y_ = negative_result_ = zero_result_ = operand_;			continue;
 					case OperationLAX:	a_ = x_ = negative_result_ = zero_result_ = operand_;		continue;
+					case OperationCopyOperandToA:		a_ = operand_;								continue;
 
 					case OperationSTA:	operand_ = a_;											continue;
 					case OperationSTX:	operand_ = x_;											continue;
 					case OperationSTY:	operand_ = y_;											continue;
+					case OperationSTZ:	operand_ = 0;											continue;
 					case OperationSAX:	operand_ = a_ & x_;										continue;
 					case OperationSHA:	operand_ = a_ & x_ & (address_.bytes.high+1);			continue;
 					case OperationSHX:	operand_ = x_ & (address_.bytes.high+1);				continue;
@@ -208,20 +272,40 @@ if(number_of_cycles <= Cycles(0)) break;
 						carry_flag_ = ((~temp16) >> 8)&1;
 					} continue;
 
-// MARK: - BIT
+// MARK: - BIT, TSB, TRB
 
 					case OperationBIT:
 						zero_result_ = operand_ & a_;
 						negative_result_ = operand_;
 						overflow_flag_ = operand_&Flag::Overflow;
 					continue;
+					case OperationBITNoNV:
+						zero_result_ = operand_ & a_;
+					continue;
+					case OperationTRB:
+						zero_result_ = operand_ & a_;
+						operand_ &= ~a_;
+					continue;
+					case OperationTSB:
+						zero_result_ = operand_ & a_;
+						operand_ |= a_;
+					continue;
+
+// MARK: - RMB and SMB
+
+					case OperationRMB:
+						operand_ &= ~(1 << (operation_ >> 4));
+					continue;
+					case OperationSMB:
+						operand_ |= 1 << ((operation_ >> 4)&7);
+					continue;
 
 // MARK: - ADC/SBC (and INS)
 
 					case OperationINS:
 						operand_++;			// deliberate fallthrough
 					case OperationSBC:
-						if(decimal_flag_) {
+						if(decimal_flag_ && has_decimal_mode(personality)) {
 							const uint16_t notCarry = carry_flag_ ^ 0x1;
 							const uint16_t decimalResult = static_cast<uint16_t>(a_) - static_cast<uint16_t>(operand_) - notCarry;
 							uint16_t temp16;
@@ -239,6 +323,12 @@ if(number_of_cycles <= Cycles(0)) break;
 
 							carry_flag_ = (temp16 > 0xff) ? 0 : Flag::Carry;
 							a_ = static_cast<uint8_t>(temp16);
+
+							if(is_65c02(personality)) {
+								negative_result_ = zero_result_ = a_;
+								read_mem(operand_, address_.full);
+								break;
+							}
 							continue;
 						} else {
 							operand_ = ~operand_;
@@ -246,7 +336,7 @@ if(number_of_cycles <= Cycles(0)) break;
 
 					// deliberate fallthrough
 					case OperationADC:
-						if(decimal_flag_) {
+						if(decimal_flag_ && has_decimal_mode(personality)) {
 							const uint16_t decimalResult = static_cast<uint16_t>(a_) + static_cast<uint16_t>(operand_) + static_cast<uint16_t>(carry_flag_);
 
 							uint8_t low_nibble = (a_ & 0xf) + (operand_ & 0xf) + carry_flag_;
@@ -259,6 +349,12 @@ if(number_of_cycles <= Cycles(0)) break;
 							carry_flag_ = (result >> 8) ? 1 : 0;
 							a_ = static_cast<uint8_t>(result);
 							zero_result_ = static_cast<uint8_t>(decimalResult);
+
+							if(is_65c02(personality)) {
+								negative_result_ = zero_result_ = a_;
+								read_mem(operand_, address_.full);
+								break;
+							}
 						} else {
 							const uint16_t result = static_cast<uint16_t>(a_) + static_cast<uint16_t>(operand_) + static_cast<uint16_t>(carry_flag_);
 							overflow_flag_ = (( (result^a_)&(result^operand_) )&0x80) >> 1;
@@ -345,6 +441,8 @@ if(number_of_cycles <= Cycles(0)) break;
 
 					case OperationINC: operand_++; negative_result_ = zero_result_ = operand_; continue;
 					case OperationDEC: operand_--; negative_result_ = zero_result_ = operand_; continue;
+					case OperationINA: a_++; negative_result_ = zero_result_ = a_; continue;
+					case OperationDEA: a_--; negative_result_ = zero_result_ = a_; continue;
 					case OperationINX: x_++; negative_result_ = zero_result_ = x_; continue;
 					case OperationDEX: x_--; negative_result_ = zero_result_ = x_; continue;
 					case OperationINY: y_++; negative_result_ = zero_result_ = y_; continue;
@@ -368,32 +466,42 @@ if(number_of_cycles <= Cycles(0)) break;
 
 // MARK: - Addressing Mode Work
 
+#define page_crossing_stall_read()	\
+	if(is_65c02(personality)) {	\
+		throwaway_read(pc_.full - 1);	\
+	} else {	\
+		throwaway_read(address_.full);	\
+	}
+
 					case CycleAddXToAddressLow:
 						nextAddress.full = address_.full + x_;
 						address_.bytes.low = nextAddress.bytes.low;
 						if(address_.bytes.high != nextAddress.bytes.high) {		
-							throwaway_read(address_.full);
+							page_crossing_stall_read();
 							break;
 						}
 					continue;
 					case CycleAddXToAddressLowRead:
 						nextAddress.full = address_.full + x_;
 						address_.bytes.low = nextAddress.bytes.low;
-						throwaway_read(address_.full);
+						page_crossing_stall_read();
 					break;
 					case CycleAddYToAddressLow:
 						nextAddress.full = address_.full + y_;
 						address_.bytes.low = nextAddress.bytes.low;
 						if(address_.bytes.high != nextAddress.bytes.high) {
-							throwaway_read(address_.full);
+							page_crossing_stall_read();
 							break;
 						}
 					continue;
 					case CycleAddYToAddressLowRead:
 						nextAddress.full = address_.full + y_;
 						address_.bytes.low = nextAddress.bytes.low;
-						throwaway_read(address_.full);
+						page_crossing_stall_read();
 					break;
+
+#undef page_crossing_stall_read
+
 					case OperationCorrectAddressHigh:
 						address_.full = nextAddress.full;
 					continue;
@@ -405,6 +513,9 @@ if(number_of_cycles <= Cycles(0)) break;
 						operand_ += x_;
 						read_mem(address_.bytes.low, operand_);
 					break;
+					case CycleFetchAddressLowFromOperand:
+						read_mem(address_.bytes.low, operand_);
+					break;
 					case CycleIncrementOperandFetchAddressHigh:
 						operand_++;
 						read_mem(address_.bytes.high, operand_);
@@ -449,12 +560,14 @@ if(number_of_cycles <= Cycles(0)) break;
 					case OperationIncrementPC:			pc_.full++;						continue;
 					case CycleFetchOperandFromAddress:	read_mem(operand_, address_.full);	break;
 					case CycleWriteOperandToAddress:	write_mem(operand_, address_.full);	break;
-					case OperationCopyOperandFromA:		operand_ = a_;					continue;
-					case OperationCopyOperandToA:		a_ = operand_;					continue;
 
 // MARK: - Branching
 
-#define BRA(condition)	pc_.full++; if(condition) scheduled_program_counter_ = doBranch
+#define BRA(condition)	\
+	pc_.full++; \
+	if(condition) {	\
+		scheduled_program_counter_ = do_branch;	\
+	}
 
 					case OperationBPL: BRA(!(negative_result_&0x80));				continue;
 					case OperationBMI: BRA(negative_result_&0x80);					continue;
@@ -464,6 +577,9 @@ if(number_of_cycles <= Cycles(0)) break;
 					case OperationBCS: BRA(carry_flag_);							continue;
 					case OperationBNE: BRA(zero_result_);							continue;
 					case OperationBEQ: BRA(!zero_result_);							continue;
+					case OperationBRA: BRA(true);									continue;
+
+#undef BRA
 
 					case CycleAddSignedOperandToPC:
 						nextAddress.full = static_cast<uint16_t>(pc_.full + (int8_t)operand_);
@@ -473,10 +589,46 @@ if(number_of_cycles <= Cycles(0)) break;
 							pc_.full = nextAddress.full;
 							throwaway_read(halfUpdatedPc);
 							break;
+						} else if(is_65c02(personality)) {
+							// 65C02 modification to all branches: a branch that is taken but requires only a single cycle
+							// to target its destination skips any pending interrupts.
+							// Cf. http://forum.6502.org/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=1634
+							scheduled_program_counter_ = fetch_decode_execute;
 						}
 					continue;
 
-#undef BRA
+					case CycleFetchFromHalfUpdatedPC: {
+						uint16_t halfUpdatedPc = static_cast<uint16_t>(((pc_.bytes.low + (int8_t)operand_) & 0xff) | (pc_.bytes.high << 8));
+						throwaway_read(halfUpdatedPc);
+					} break;
+
+					case OperationAddSignedOperandToPC16:
+						pc_.full = static_cast<uint16_t>(pc_.full + (int8_t)operand_);
+					continue;
+
+					case OperationBBRBBS: {
+						// To reach here, the 6502 has (i) read the operation; (ii) read the first operand;
+						// and (iii) read from the corresponding zero page.
+						const uint8_t mask = static_cast<uint8_t>(1 << ((operation_ >> 4)&7));
+						if((operand_ & mask) == ((operation_ & 0x80) ? mask : 0)) {
+							static const MicroOp do_branch[] = {
+								CycleFetchOperand,			// Fetch offset.
+								OperationIncrementPC,
+								CycleFetchFromHalfUpdatedPC,
+								OperationAddSignedOperandToPC16,
+								OperationMoveToNextProgram
+							};
+							scheduled_program_counter_ = do_branch;
+						} else {
+							static const MicroOp do_not_branch[] = {
+								CycleFetchOperand,
+								OperationIncrementPC,
+								CycleFetchFromHalfUpdatedPC,
+								OperationMoveToNextProgram
+							};
+							scheduled_program_counter_ = do_not_branch;
+						}
+					} break;
 
 // MARK: - Transfers
 
@@ -517,7 +669,10 @@ if(number_of_cycles <= Cycles(0)) break;
 					continue;
 				}
 
-				if(uses_ready_line && ready_line_is_enabled_ && isReadOperation(nextBusOperation)) {
+				if(has_stpwai(personality) && (stop_is_active_ || wait_is_active_)) {
+					break;
+				}
+				if(uses_ready_line && ready_line_is_enabled_ && (is_65c02(personality) || isReadOperation(nextBusOperation))) {
 					ready_is_active_ = true;
 					break;
 				}
@@ -535,7 +690,7 @@ if(number_of_cycles <= Cycles(0)) break;
 	bus_handler_.flush();
 }
 
-template <typename T, bool uses_ready_line> void Processor<T, uses_ready_line>::set_ready_line(bool active) {
+template <Personality personality, typename T, bool uses_ready_line> void Processor<personality, T, uses_ready_line>::set_ready_line(bool active) {
 	assert(uses_ready_line);
 	if(active) {
 		ready_line_is_enabled_ = true;
@@ -583,6 +738,7 @@ inline const ProcessorStorage::MicroOp *ProcessorStorage::get_reset_program() {
 		CycleNoWritePush,
 		OperationRSTPickVector,
 		CycleNoWritePush,
+		OperationSetNMIRSTFlags,
 		CycleReadVectorLow,
 		CycleReadVectorHigh,
 		OperationMoveToNextProgram
@@ -599,7 +755,7 @@ inline const ProcessorStorage::MicroOp *ProcessorStorage::get_irq_program() {
 		OperationBRKPickVector,
 		OperationSetOperandFromFlags,
 		CyclePushOperand,
-		OperationSetI,
+		OperationSetIRQFlags,
 		CycleReadVectorLow,
 		CycleReadVectorHigh,
 		OperationMoveToNextProgram
@@ -616,6 +772,7 @@ inline const ProcessorStorage::MicroOp *ProcessorStorage::get_nmi_program() {
 		OperationNMIPickVector,
 		OperationSetOperandFromFlags,
 		CyclePushOperand,
+		OperationSetNMIRSTFlags,
 		CycleReadVectorLow,
 		CycleReadVectorHigh,
 		OperationMoveToNextProgram

Processors/6502/Implementation/6502Storage.cpp

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 
 #include "../6502.hpp"
 
+#include <cstring>
+
 using namespace CPU::MOS6502;
 
 #define Program(...)						{__VA_ARGS__, OperationMoveToNextProgram}
@@ -20,13 +22,14 @@ using namespace CPU::MOS6502;
 #define Zero								OperationLoadAddressZeroPage
 #define ZeroX								CycleLoadAddessZeroX
 #define ZeroY								CycleLoadAddessZeroY
+#define ZeroIndirect						OperationLoadAddressZeroPage,				CycleFetchAddressLowFromOperand,		CycleIncrementOperandFetchAddressHigh
 #define IndexedIndirect						CycleIncrementPCFetchAddressLowFromOperand, CycleAddXToOperandFetchAddressLow,		CycleIncrementOperandFetchAddressHigh
 #define IndirectIndexedr					CycleIncrementPCFetchAddressLowFromOperand, CycleIncrementOperandFetchAddressHigh,	CycleAddYToAddressLow,					OperationCorrectAddressHigh
 #define IndirectIndexed						CycleIncrementPCFetchAddressLowFromOperand, CycleIncrementOperandFetchAddressHigh,	CycleAddYToAddressLowRead,				OperationCorrectAddressHigh
 
 #define Read(...)							CycleFetchOperandFromAddress,	__VA_ARGS__
 #define Write(...)							__VA_ARGS__,					CycleWriteOperandToAddress
-#define ReadModifyWrite(...)				CycleFetchOperandFromAddress,	CycleWriteOperandToAddress,			__VA_ARGS__,							CycleWriteOperandToAddress
+#define ReadModifyWrite(...)				CycleFetchOperandFromAddress,	is_65c02(personality) ? CycleFetchOperandFromAddress : CycleWriteOperandToAddress,			__VA_ARGS__,							CycleWriteOperandToAddress
 
 #define AbsoluteRead(op)					Program(Absolute,			Read(op))
 #define AbsoluteXRead(op)					Program(AbsoluteXr,			Read(op))
@@ -34,6 +37,7 @@ using namespace CPU::MOS6502;
 #define ZeroRead(...)						Program(Zero,				Read(__VA_ARGS__))
 #define ZeroXRead(op)						Program(ZeroX,				Read(op))
 #define ZeroYRead(op)						Program(ZeroY,				Read(op))
+#define ZeroIndirectRead(op)				Program(ZeroIndirect,		Read(op))
 #define IndexedIndirectRead(op)				Program(IndexedIndirect,	Read(op))
 #define IndirectIndexedRead(op)				Program(IndirectIndexedr,	Read(op))
 
@@ -43,6 +47,7 @@ using namespace CPU::MOS6502;
 #define ZeroWrite(op)						Program(Zero,				Write(op))
 #define ZeroXWrite(op)						Program(ZeroX,				Write(op))
 #define ZeroYWrite(op)						Program(ZeroY,				Write(op))
+#define ZeroIndirectWrite(op)				Program(ZeroIndirect,		Write(op))
 #define IndexedIndirectWrite(op)			Program(IndexedIndirect,	Write(op))
 #define IndirectIndexedWrite(op)			Program(IndirectIndexed,	Write(op))
 
@@ -55,8 +60,11 @@ using namespace CPU::MOS6502;
 #define IndexedIndirectReadModifyWrite(...)	Program(IndexedIndirect,	ReadModifyWrite(__VA_ARGS__))
 #define IndirectIndexedReadModifyWrite(...)	Program(IndirectIndexed,	ReadModifyWrite(__VA_ARGS__))
 
+#define FastAbsoluteXReadModifyWrite(...)		Program(AbsoluteXr,			ReadModifyWrite(__VA_ARGS__))
+#define FastAbsoluteYReadModifyWrite(...)		Program(AbsoluteYr,			ReadModifyWrite(__VA_ARGS__))
+
 #define Immediate(op)						Program(OperationIncrementPC,		op)
-#define Implied(op)							Program(OperationCopyOperandFromA,	op,	OperationCopyOperandToA)
+#define Implied(op)							Program(OperationSTA,				op,	OperationCopyOperandToA)
 
 #define ZeroNop()							Program(Zero, CycleFetchOperandFromAddress)
 #define ZeroXNop()							Program(ZeroX, CycleFetchOperandFromAddress)
@@ -65,10 +73,17 @@ using namespace CPU::MOS6502;
 #define ImpliedNop()						{OperationMoveToNextProgram}
 #define ImmediateNop()						Program(OperationIncrementPC)
 
-#define JAM									{CycleFetchOperand, CycleScheduleJam}
+#define JAM									{CycleFetchOperand, OperationScheduleJam}
 
-const ProcessorStorage::MicroOp ProcessorStorage::operations[256][10] = {
-	/* 0x00 BRK */			Program(CycleIncPCPushPCH, CyclePushPCL, OperationBRKPickVector, OperationSetOperandFromFlagsWithBRKSet, CyclePushOperand, OperationSetI, CycleReadVectorLow, CycleReadVectorHigh),
+ProcessorStorage::ProcessorStorage(Personality personality) {
+	// only the interrupt flag is defined upon reset but get_flags isn't going to
+	// mask the other flags so we need to do that, at least
+	carry_flag_ &= Flag::Carry;
+	decimal_flag_ &= Flag::Decimal;
+	overflow_flag_ &= Flag::Overflow;
+
+	const InstructionList operations_6502[256] = {
+		/* 0x00 BRK */			Program(CycleIncPCPushPCH, CyclePushPCL, OperationBRKPickVector, OperationSetOperandFromFlagsWithBRKSet, CyclePushOperand, OperationSetIRQFlags, CycleReadVectorLow, CycleReadVectorHigh),
 		/* 0x01 ORA x, ind */	IndexedIndirectRead(OperationORA),
 		/* 0x02 JAM */			JAM,																	/* 0x03 ASO x, ind */	IndexedIndirectReadModifyWrite(OperationASO),
 		/* 0x04 NOP zpg */		ZeroNop(),																/* 0x05 ORA zpg */		ZeroRead(OperationORA),
@@ -128,7 +143,7 @@ const ProcessorStorage::MicroOp ProcessorStorage::operations[256][10] = {
 		/* 0x66 ROR zpg */		ZeroReadModifyWrite(OperationROR),										/* 0x67 RRA zpg */		ZeroReadModifyWrite(OperationRRA, OperationADC),
 		/* 0x68 PLA */			Program(CycleReadFromS, CyclePullA, OperationSetFlagsFromA),			/* 0x69 ADC # */		Immediate(OperationADC),
 		/* 0x6a ROR A */		Implied(OperationROR),													/* 0x6b ARR # */		Immediate(OperationARR),
-	/* 0x6c JMP (abs) */	Program(CycleReadAddressHLoadAddressL, CycleReadPCLFromAddress, CycleReadPCHFromAddress),
+		/* 0x6c JMP (abs) */	Program(CycleReadAddressHLoadAddressL, CycleReadPCLFromAddress, CycleReadPCHFromAddressLowInc),
 		/* 0x6d ADC abs */		AbsoluteRead(OperationADC),
 		/* 0x6e ROR abs */		AbsoluteReadModifyWrite(OperationROR),									/* 0x6f RRA abs */		AbsoluteReadModifyWrite(OperationRRA, OperationADC),
 		/* 0x70 BVS */			Program(OperationBVS),													/* 0x71 ADC ind, y */	IndirectIndexedRead(OperationADC),
@@ -205,49 +220,168 @@ const ProcessorStorage::MicroOp ProcessorStorage::operations[256][10] = {
 		/* 0xfe INC abs, x */	AbsoluteXReadModifyWrite(OperationINC),									/* 0xff INS abs, x */	AbsoluteXReadModifyWrite(OperationINS),
 	};
 
-#undef Program
-#undef Absolute
-#undef AbsoluteX
-#undef AbsoluteY
-#undef Zero
-#undef ZeroX
-#undef ZeroY
-#undef IndexedIndirect
-#undef IndirectIndexed
-#undef Read
-#undef Write
-#undef ReadModifyWrite
-#undef AbsoluteRead
-#undef AbsoluteXRead
-#undef AbsoluteYRead
-#undef ZeroRead
-#undef ZeroXRead
-#undef ZeroYRead
-#undef IndexedIndirectRead
-#undef IndirectIndexedRead
-#undef AbsoluteWrite
-#undef AbsoluteXWrite
-#undef AbsoluteYWrite
-#undef ZeroWrite
-#undef ZeroXWrite
-#undef ZeroYWrite
-#undef IndexedIndirectWrite
-#undef IndirectIndexedWrite
-#undef AbsoluteReadModifyWrite
-#undef AbsoluteXReadModifyWrite
-#undef AbsoluteYReadModifyWrite
-#undef ZeroReadModifyWrite
-#undef ZeroXReadModifyWrite
-#undef ZeroYReadModify
-#undef IndexedIndirectReadModify
-#undef IndirectIndexedReadModify
-#undef Immediate
-#undef Implied
+	// Install the basic 6502 table.
+	memcpy(operations_, operations_6502, sizeof(operations_));
 
-ProcessorStorage::ProcessorStorage() {
-	// only the interrupt flag is defined upon reset but get_flags isn't going to
-	// mask the other flags so we need to do that, at least
-	carry_flag_ &= Flag::Carry;
-	decimal_flag_ &= Flag::Decimal;
-	overflow_flag_ &= Flag::Overflow;
+	// Patch the table according to the chip's personality.
+	//
+	// The 6502 and NES 6502 both have the same mapping of operation codes to actions
+	// (respect for the decimal mode flag aside); included in that are 'unofficial'
+	// operations — spots that are not formally defined to do anything but which the
+	// processor makes no particular effort to react to in a well-defined way.
+	//
+	// The 65C02s add some official instructions but also ensure that all of the
+	// undefined ones act as no-ops of various addressing modes.
+	//
+	// So the branch below has to add a bunch of new actions but also removes various
+	// others by dint of replacing them with NOPs.
+	//
+	// Those 6502 opcodes that need redefining, one way or the other, are:
+	//
+	// 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x07, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0f, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x17, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1f,
+	// 0x22, 0x23, 0x27, 0x2b, 0x2f, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x37, 0x3a, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0x3f,
+	// 0x42, 0x43, 0x47, 0x4b, 0x4f, 0x52, 0x53, 0x57, 0x5a, 0x5b, 0x5f,
+	// 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x67, 0x6b, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74, 0x77, 0x7b, 0x7a, 0x7c, 0x7f,
+	// 0x80, 0x82, 0x83, 0x87, 0x89, 0x8b, 0x8f, 0x92, 0x93, 0x97, 0x9b, 0x9e, 0x9c, 0x9f,
+	// 0xa3, 0xa7, 0xab, 0xaf, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb7, 0xbb, 0xbf,
+	// 0xc3, 0xc7, 0xcb, 0xcf, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xd7, 0xda, 0xdb, 0xdf,
+	// 0xe3, 0xe7, 0xeb, 0xef, 0xf2, 0xf3, 0xf7, 0xfa, 0xfb, 0xff
+	//
+	// ... not including those that aren't defined on the 6502 but perform NOPs exactly like they
+	// would on a 65C02.
+
+#define Install(location, instructions) {\
+		const InstructionList code = instructions;	\
+		memcpy(&operations_[location], code, sizeof(InstructionList));	\
+	}
+	if(is_65c02(personality)) {
+		// Add P[L/H][X/Y].
+		Install(0x5a, Program(CyclePushY));
+		Install(0xda, Program(CyclePushX));
+		Install(0x7a, Program(CycleReadFromS, CyclePullY, OperationSetFlagsFromY));
+		Install(0xfa, Program(CycleReadFromS, CyclePullX, OperationSetFlagsFromX));
+
+		// Add BRA.
+		Install(0x80, Program(OperationBRA));
+
+		// The 1-byte, 1-cycle (!) NOPs.
+		for(int c = 0x03; c <= 0xf3; c += 0x10) {
+			Install(c, ImpliedNop());
+		}
+		for(int c = 0x0b; c <= 0xbb; c += 0x10) {
+			Install(c, ImpliedNop());
+		}
+		for(int c = 0xeb; c <= 0xfb; c += 0x10) {
+			Install(c, ImpliedNop());
+		}
+
+		// The 2-byte, 2-cycle NOPs that the 6502 doesn't have.
+		for(int c = 0x02; c <= 0x62; c += 0x10) {
+			Install(c, ImmediateNop());
+		}
+
+		// Correct JMP (abs) and install JMP (abs, x).
+		Install(0x6c, Program(CycleReadAddressHLoadAddressL, CycleReadPCLFromAddress, CycleReadPCHFromAddressLowInc, CycleReadPCHFromAddressFixed));
+		Install(0x7c, Program(
+			CycleReadAddressHLoadAddressL,	// (3) read second byte of (addr)
+			CycleAddXToAddressLowRead,		// (4) calculate addr+x, read from (addr+x) with high byte not yet calculated
+			OperationCorrectAddressHigh, CycleReadPCLFromAddress,	// (5) read from real (addr+x)
+			CycleReadPCHFromAddressInc		// (6) read from addr+x+1
+		));
+
+		// Add INA and DEA.
+		Install(0x1a, Program(OperationINA));
+		Install(0x3a, Program(OperationDEA));
+
+		// Add (zp) operations.
+		Install(0x12, ZeroIndirectRead(OperationORA));
+		Install(0x32, ZeroIndirectRead(OperationAND));
+		Install(0x52, ZeroIndirectRead(OperationEOR));
+		Install(0x72, ZeroIndirectRead(OperationADC));
+		Install(0x92, ZeroIndirectWrite(OperationSTA));
+		Install(0xb2, ZeroIndirectRead(OperationLDA));
+		Install(0xd2, ZeroIndirectRead(OperationCMP));
+		Install(0xf2, ZeroIndirectRead(OperationSBC));
+
+		// Add STZ.
+		Install(0x9c, AbsoluteWrite(OperationSTZ));
+		Install(0x9e, AbsoluteXWrite(OperationSTZ));
+		Install(0x64, ZeroWrite(OperationSTZ));
+		Install(0x74, ZeroXWrite(OperationSTZ));
+
+		// Add the extra BITs.
+		Install(0x34, ZeroXRead(OperationBIT));
+		Install(0x3c, AbsoluteXRead(OperationBIT));
+		Install(0x89, Immediate(OperationBITNoNV));
+
+		// Add TRB and TSB.
+		Install(0x04, ZeroReadModifyWrite(OperationTSB));
+		Install(0x0c, AbsoluteReadModifyWrite(OperationTSB));
+		Install(0x14, ZeroReadModifyWrite(OperationTRB));
+		Install(0x1c, AbsoluteReadModifyWrite(OperationTRB));
+
+		// Install faster ASL, LSR, ROL, ROR abs,[x/y]. Note: INC, DEC deliberately not improved.
+		Install(0x1e, FastAbsoluteXReadModifyWrite(OperationASL));
+		Install(0x1f, FastAbsoluteXReadModifyWrite(OperationASO));
+		Install(0x3e, FastAbsoluteXReadModifyWrite(OperationROL));
+		Install(0x3f, FastAbsoluteXReadModifyWrite(OperationRLA));
+		Install(0x5e, FastAbsoluteXReadModifyWrite(OperationLSR));
+		Install(0x5f, FastAbsoluteXReadModifyWrite(OperationLSE));
+		Install(0x7e, FastAbsoluteXReadModifyWrite(OperationROR));
+		Install(0x7f, FastAbsoluteXReadModifyWrite(OperationRRA, OperationADC));
+
+		// Outstanding:
+		// 0x07, 0x0f, 0x17, 0x1f,
+		// 0x27, 0x2f, 0x37, 0x3f,
+		// 0x47, 0x4f, 0x57, 0x5f,
+		// 0x67, 0x6f, 0x77, 0x7f,
+		// 0x87, 0x8f, 0x97, 0x9f,
+		// 0xa7, 0xaf, 0xb7, 0xbf,
+		// 0xc7, 0xcb, 0xcf, 0xd7, 0xdb, 0xdf,
+		// 0xe7, 0xef, 0xf7, 0xff
+		if(has_bbrbbsrmbsmb(personality)) {
+			// Add BBS and BBR. These take five cycles. My guessed breakdown is:
+			// 1. read opcode
+			// 2. read operand
+			// 3. read zero page
+			// 4. read second operand
+			// 5. read from PC without top byte fixed yet
+			// ... with the caveat that (3) and (4) could be the other way around.
+			for(int location = 0x0f; location <= 0xff; location += 0x10) {
+				Install(location, Program(OperationLoadAddressZeroPage, CycleFetchOperandFromAddress, OperationBBRBBS));
+			}
+
+			// Add RMB and SMB.
+			for(int c = 0x07; c <= 0x77; c += 0x10) {
+				Install(c, ZeroReadModifyWrite(OperationRMB));
+			}
+			for(int c = 0x87; c <= 0xf7; c += 0x10) {
+				Install(c, ZeroReadModifyWrite(OperationSMB));
+			}
+		} else {
+			for(int location = 0x0f; location <= 0xef; location += 0x20) {
+				Install(location, AbsoluteNop());
+			}
+			for(int location = 0x1f; location <= 0xff; location += 0x20) {
+				Install(location, AbsoluteXNop());
+			}
+			for(int c = 0x07; c <= 0xe7; c += 0x20) {
+				Install(c, ZeroNop());
+			}
+			for(int c = 0x17; c <= 0xf7; c += 0x20) {
+				Install(c, ZeroXNop());
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Outstanding:
+		// 0xcb, 0xdb,
+		if(has_stpwai(personality)) {
+			Install(0xcb, Program(OperationScheduleWait));
+			Install(0xdb, Program(OperationScheduleStop));
+		} else {
+			Install(0xcb, ImpliedNop());
+			Install(0xdb, ZeroXNop());
+		}
+	}
+#undef Install
 }

Processors/6502/Implementation/6502Storage.hpp

@@ -15,54 +15,190 @@
 */
 class ProcessorStorage {
 	protected:
-		ProcessorStorage();
+		ProcessorStorage(Personality);
 
-		/*
+		/*!
 			This emulation functions by decomposing instructions into micro programs, consisting of the micro operations
-			as per the enum below. Each micro op takes at most one cycle. By convention, those called CycleX take a cycle
+			defined by MicroOp. Each micro op takes at most one cycle. By convention, those called CycleX take a cycle
 			to perform whereas those called OperationX occur for free (so, in effect, their cost is loaded onto the next cycle).
+
+			This micro-instruction set was put together in a fairly ad hoc fashion, I'm afraid, so is unlikely to be optimal.
 		*/
 		enum MicroOp {
-			CycleFetchOperation,						CycleFetchOperand,					OperationDecodeOperation,				CycleIncPCPushPCH,
-			CyclePushPCH,								CyclePushPCL,						CyclePushA,								CyclePushOperand,
-			OperationSetI,
+			CycleFetchOperation,		// fetches (PC) to operation_, storing PC to last_operation_pc_ before incrementing it
+			CycleFetchOperand,			// 6502: fetches from (PC) to operand_; 65C02: as 6502 unless operation_ indicates a one-cycle NOP, in which case this is a no0op
+			OperationDecodeOperation,	// schedules the microprogram associated with operation_
+			OperationMoveToNextProgram,	// either schedules the next fetch-decode-execute or an interrupt response if a request has been pending for at least one cycle
 
-			OperationBRKPickVector,						OperationNMIPickVector,				OperationRSTPickVector,
-			CycleReadVectorLow,							CycleReadVectorHigh,
+			CycleIncPCPushPCH,			// increments the PC and pushes PC.h to the stack
+			CyclePushPCL,				// pushes PC.l to the stack
+			CyclePushPCH,				// pushes PC.h to the stack
+			CyclePushA,					// pushes A to the stack
+			CyclePushX,					// pushes X to the stack
+			CyclePushY,					// pushes Y to the stack
+			CyclePushOperand,			// pushes operand_ to the stack
 
-			CycleReadFromS,								CycleReadFromPC,
-			CyclePullOperand,							CyclePullPCL,						CyclePullPCH,							CyclePullA,
-			CycleNoWritePush,
-			CycleReadAndIncrementPC,					CycleIncrementPCAndReadStack,		CycleIncrementPCReadPCHLoadPCL,			CycleReadPCHLoadPCL,
-			CycleReadAddressHLoadAddressL,				CycleReadPCLFromAddress,			CycleReadPCHFromAddress,				CycleLoadAddressAbsolute,
-			OperationLoadAddressZeroPage,				CycleLoadAddessZeroX,				CycleLoadAddessZeroY,					CycleAddXToAddressLow,
-			CycleAddYToAddressLow,						CycleAddXToAddressLowRead,			OperationCorrectAddressHigh,			CycleAddYToAddressLowRead,
-			OperationMoveToNextProgram,					OperationIncrementPC,
-			CycleFetchOperandFromAddress,				CycleWriteOperandToAddress,			OperationCopyOperandFromA,				OperationCopyOperandToA,
-			CycleIncrementPCFetchAddressLowFromOperand,	CycleAddXToOperandFetchAddressLow,	CycleIncrementOperandFetchAddressHigh,	OperationDecrementOperand,
-			OperationIncrementOperand,					OperationORA,						OperationAND,							OperationEOR,
-			OperationINS,								OperationADC,						OperationSBC,							OperationLDA,
-			OperationLDX,								OperationLDY,						OperationLAX,							OperationSTA,
-			OperationSTX,								OperationSTY,						OperationSAX,							OperationSHA,
-			OperationSHX,								OperationSHY,						OperationSHS,							OperationCMP,
-			OperationCPX,								OperationCPY,						OperationBIT,							OperationASL,
-			OperationASO,								OperationROL,						OperationRLA,							OperationLSR,
-			OperationLSE,								OperationASR,						OperationROR,							OperationRRA,
-			OperationCLC,								OperationCLI,						OperationCLV,							OperationCLD,
-			OperationSEC,								OperationSEI,						OperationSED,							OperationINC,
-			OperationDEC,								OperationINX,						OperationDEX,							OperationINY,
-			OperationDEY,								OperationBPL,						OperationBMI,							OperationBVC,
-			OperationBVS,								OperationBCC,						OperationBCS,							OperationBNE,
-			OperationBEQ,								OperationTXA,						OperationTYA,							OperationTXS,
-			OperationTAY,								OperationTAX,						OperationTSX,							OperationARR,
-			OperationSBX,								OperationLXA,						OperationANE,							OperationANC,
-			OperationLAS,								CycleAddSignedOperandToPC,			OperationSetFlagsFromOperand,			OperationSetOperandFromFlagsWithBRKSet,
-			OperationSetOperandFromFlags,
-			OperationSetFlagsFromA,
-			CycleScheduleJam
+			OperationSetIRQFlags,		// 6502: sets I; 65C02: sets I and resets D
+			OperationSetNMIRSTFlags,	// 6502: no-op. 65C02: resets D
+
+			OperationBRKPickVector,		// 65C02: sets next_address_ to the BRK vector location; 6502: as 65C02 if no NMI is pending; otherwise sets next_address_ to the NMI address and resets the internal NMI-pending flag
+			OperationNMIPickVector,		// sets next_address_ to the NMI vector
+			OperationRSTPickVector,		// sets next_address_ to the RST vector
+			CycleReadVectorLow,			// reads PC.l from next_address_
+			CycleReadVectorHigh,		// reads PC.h from (next_address_+1)
+
+			CycleReadFromS,				// performs a read from the stack pointer, throwing the result away
+			CycleReadFromPC,			// performs a read from the program counter, throwing the result away
+
+			CyclePullPCL,				// pulls PC.l from the stack
+			CyclePullPCH,				// pulls PC.h from the stack
+			CyclePullA,					// pulls A from the stack
+			CyclePullX,					// pulls X from the stack
+			CyclePullY,					// pulls Y from the stack
+			CyclePullOperand,			// pulls operand_ from the stack
+
+			CycleNoWritePush,				// decrements S as though it were a push, but reads from the new stack address instead of writing
+			CycleReadAndIncrementPC,		// reads from the PC, throwing away the result, and increments the PC
+			CycleIncrementPCAndReadStack,	// increments the PC and reads from the stack pointer, throwing away the result
+			CycleIncrementPCReadPCHLoadPCL,	// increments the PC, schedules a read of PC.h from the post-incremented PC, then copies operand_ to PC.l
+			CycleReadPCHLoadPCL,			// schedules a read of PC.h from the post-incremented PC, then copies operand_ to PC.l
+			CycleReadAddressHLoadAddressL,	// increments the PC; copies operand_ to address_.l; reads address_.h from the new PC
+
+			CycleReadPCLFromAddress,		// reads PC.l from address_
+			CycleReadPCHFromAddressLowInc,	// increments address_.l and reads PC.h from address_
+			CycleReadPCHFromAddressFixed,	// if address_.l is 0, increments address_.h; and reads PC.h from address_
+			CycleReadPCHFromAddressInc,		// increments address_ and reads PC.h from it
+
+			CycleLoadAddressAbsolute,		// copies operand_ to address_.l, increments the PC, reads address_.h from PC, increments the PC again
+			OperationLoadAddressZeroPage,	// copies operand_ to address_ and increments the PC
+			CycleLoadAddessZeroX,			// copies (operand_+x)&0xff to address_, increments the PC, and reads from operand_, throwing away the result
+			CycleLoadAddessZeroY,			// copies (operand_+y)&0xff to address_, increments the PC, and reads from operand_, throwing away the result
+
+			CycleAddXToAddressLow,			// calculates address_ + x and stores it to next_address_; copies next_address_.l back to address_.l; 6502: if address_ now does not equal next_address_, schedules a throwaway read from address_; 65C02: schedules a throaway read from PC-1
+			CycleAddYToAddressLow,			// calculates address_ + y and stores it to next_address_; copies next_address_.l back to address_.l; 6502: if address_ now does not equal next_address_, schedules a throwaway read from address_; 65C02: schedules a throaway read from PC-1
+			CycleAddXToAddressLowRead,		// calculates address_ + x and stores it to next_address; copies next_address.l back to address_.l; 6502: schedules a throwaway read from address_; 65C02: schedules a throaway read from PC-1
+			CycleAddYToAddressLowRead,		// calculates address_ + y and stores it to next_address; copies next_address.l back to address_.l; 6502: schedules a throwaway read from address_; 65C02: schedules a throaway read from PC-1
+			OperationCorrectAddressHigh,	// copies next_address_ to address_
+
+			OperationIncrementPC,			// increments the PC
+			CycleFetchOperandFromAddress,	// fetches operand_ from address_
+			CycleWriteOperandToAddress,		// writes operand_ to address_
+
+			CycleIncrementPCFetchAddressLowFromOperand,	// increments the PC and loads address_.l from (operand_)
+			CycleAddXToOperandFetchAddressLow,			// adds x [in]to operand_, producing an 8-bit result, and reads address_.l from (operand_)
+			CycleIncrementOperandFetchAddressHigh,		// increments operand_, producing an 8-bit result, and reads address_.h from (operand_)
+			OperationDecrementOperand,					// decrements operand_
+			OperationIncrementOperand,					// increments operand_
+			CycleFetchAddressLowFromOperand,			// reads address_.l from (operand_)
+
+			OperationORA,	// ORs operand_ into a, setting the negative and zero flags
+			OperationAND,	// ANDs operand_ into a, setting the negative and zero flags
+			OperationEOR,	// EORs operand_ into a, setting the negative and zero flags
+
+			OperationINS,	// increments operand_, then performs an SBC of operand_ from a
+			OperationADC,	// performs an ADC of operand_ into a_; if this is a 65C02 and decimal mode is set, performs an extra read to operand_ from address_
+			OperationSBC,	// performs an SBC of operand_ from a_; if this is a 65C02 and decimal mode is set, performs an extra read to operand_ from address_
+
+			OperationCMP,	// CMPs a and operand_, setting negative, zero and carry flags
+			OperationCPX,	// CMPs x and operand_, setting negative, zero and carry flags
+			OperationCPY,	// CMPs y and operand_, setting negative, zero and carry flags
+			OperationBIT,	// sets the zero, negative and overflow flags as per a BIT of operand_ against a
+			OperationBITNoNV,	// sets the zero flag as per a BIT of operand_ against a
+
+			OperationLDA,	// loads a with operand_, setting the negative and zero flags
+			OperationLDX,	// loads x with operand_, setting the negative and zero flags
+			OperationLDY,	// loads y with operand_, setting the negative and zero flags
+			OperationLAX,	// loads a and x with operand_, setting the negative and zero flags
+			OperationCopyOperandToA,		// sets a_ = operand_, not setting any flags
+
+			OperationSTA,	// loads operand_ with a
+			OperationSTX,	// loads operand_ with x
+			OperationSTY,	// loads operand_ with y
+			OperationSTZ,	// loads operand_ with 0
+			OperationSAX,	// loads operand_ with a & x
+			OperationSHA,	// loads operand_ with a & x & (address.h+1)
+			OperationSHX,	// loads operand_ with x & (address.h+1)
+			OperationSHY,	// loads operand_ with y & (address.h+1)
+			OperationSHS,	// loads s with a & x, then loads operand_ with s & (address.h+1)
+
+			OperationASL,	// shifts operand_ left, moving the top bit into carry and setting the negative and zero flags
+			OperationASO,	// performs an ASL of operand and ORs it into a
+			OperationROL,	// performs a ROL of operand_
+			OperationRLA,	// performs a ROL of operand_ and ANDs it into a
+			OperationLSR,	// shifts operand_ right, setting carry, negative and zero flags
+			OperationLSE,	// performs an LSR and EORs the result into a
+			OperationASR,	// ANDs operand_ into a, then performs an LSR
+			OperationROR,	// performs a ROR of operand_, setting carry, negative and zero flags
+			OperationRRA,	// performs a ROR of operand_ but sets only the carry flag
+
+			OperationCLC,	// resets the carry flag
+			OperationCLI,	// resets I
+			OperationCLV,	// resets the overflow flag
+			OperationCLD,	// resets the decimal flag
+			OperationSEC,	// sets the carry flag
+			OperationSEI,	// sets I
+			OperationSED,	// sets the decimal flag
+
+			OperationRMB,	// resets the bit in operand_ implied by operatiopn_
+			OperationSMB,	// sets the bit in operand_ implied by operatiopn_
+			OperationTRB,	// sets zero according to operand_ & a, then resets any bits in operand_ that are set in a
+			OperationTSB,	// sets zero according to operand_ & a, then sets any bits in operand_ that are set in a
+
+			OperationINC,	// increments operand_, setting the negative and zero flags
+			OperationDEC,	// decrements operand_, setting the negative and zero flags
+			OperationINX,	// increments x, setting the negative and zero flags
+			OperationDEX,	// decrements x, setting the negative and zero flags
+			OperationINY,	// increments y, setting the negative and zero flags
+			OperationDEY,	// decrements y, setting the negative and zero flags
+			OperationINA,	// increments a, setting the negative and zero flags
+			OperationDEA,	// decrements a, setting the negative and zero flags
+
+			OperationBPL,	// schedules the branch program if the negative flag is clear
+			OperationBMI,	// schedules the branch program if the negative flag is set
+			OperationBVC,	// schedules the branch program if the overflow flag is clear
+			OperationBVS,	// schedules the branch program if the overflow flag is set
+			OperationBCC,	// schedules the branch program if the carry flag is clear
+			OperationBCS,	// schedules the branch program if the carry flag is set
+			OperationBNE,	// schedules the branch program if the zero flag is clear
+			OperationBEQ,	// schedules the branch program if the zero flag is set; 65C02: otherwise jumps straight into a fetch-decode-execute without considering whether to take an interrupt
+			OperationBRA,	// schedules the branch program
+
+			OperationBBRBBS,	// inspecting the operation_, if the appropriate bit of operand_ is set or clear schedules a program to read and act upon the second operand; otherwise schedule a program to read and discard it
+
+			OperationTXA,	// copies x to a, setting the zero and negative flags
+			OperationTYA,	// copies y to a, setting the zero and negative flags
+			OperationTXS,	// copies x to s
+			OperationTAY,	// copies a to y, setting the zero and negative flags
+			OperationTAX,	// copies a to x, setting the zero and negative flags
+			OperationTSX,	// copies s to x, setting the zero and negative flags
+
+			/* The following are amongst the 6502's undocumented (/unintended) operations */
+			OperationARR,	// performs a mixture of ANDing operand_ into a, and shifting the result right
+			OperationSBX,	// performs a mixture of an SBC of x&a and operand_, mutating x
+			OperationLXA,	// loads a and x with (a | 0xee) & operand, setting the negative and zero flags
+			OperationANE,	// loads a_ with (a | 0xee) & operand & x, setting the negative and zero flags
+			OperationANC,	// ANDs operand_ into a, setting the negative and zero flags, and loading carry as if the result were shifted right
+			OperationLAS,	// loads a, x and s with s & operand, setting the negative and zero flags
+
+			CycleFetchFromHalfUpdatedPC,		// performs a throwaway read from (PC + (signed)operand).l combined with PC.h
+			CycleAddSignedOperandToPC,			// sets next_address to PC + (signed)operand. If the high byte of next_address differs from the PC, schedules a throwaway read from the half-updated PC. 65C02 specific: if the top two bytes are the same, proceeds directly to fetch-decode-execute, ignoring any pending interrupts.
+			OperationAddSignedOperandToPC16,	// adds (signed)operand into the PC
+
+			OperationSetFlagsFromOperand,			// sets all flags based on operand_
+			OperationSetOperandFromFlagsWithBRKSet,	// sets operand_ to the value of all flags, with the break flag set
+			OperationSetOperandFromFlags,			// sets operand_ to the value of all flags
+
+			OperationSetFlagsFromA,		// sets the zero and negative flags based on the value of a
+			OperationSetFlagsFromX,		// sets the zero and negative flags based on the value of x
+			OperationSetFlagsFromY,		// sets the zero and negative flags based on the value of y
+
+			OperationScheduleJam,		// schedules the program for operation F2
+			OperationScheduleWait,		// puts the processor into WAI mode (i.e. it'll do nothing until an interrupt is received)
+			OperationScheduleStop,		// puts the processor into STP mode (i.e. it'll do nothing until a reset is received)
 		};
 
-		static const MicroOp operations[256][10];
+		using InstructionList = MicroOp[10];
+		InstructionList operations_[256];
 
 		const MicroOp *scheduled_program_counter_ = nullptr;
 
@@ -119,6 +255,8 @@ class ProcessorStorage {
 
 		bool ready_is_active_ = false;
 		bool ready_line_is_enabled_ = false;
+		bool stop_is_active_ = false;
+		bool wait_is_active_ = false;
 
 		uint8_t irq_line_ = 0, irq_request_history_ = 0;
 		bool nmi_line_is_enabled_ = false, set_overflow_line_is_enabled_ = false;

README.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ So its aims are:
 It currently contains emulations of the:
 * Acorn Electron;
 * Amstrad CPC;
-* Apple II/II+;
+* Apple II/II+ and IIe;
 * Atari 2600;
 * ColecoVision;
 * Commodore Vic-20 (and Commodore 1540/1);
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Cycle-accurate emulation for the supported target machines is fairly trite; this
 Self-ratings:
 * the Electron, Oric and Vic-20 are pretty much perfect;
 * the ZX80, ZX81, ColecoVision and MSX 1 are very strong;
-* the Apple II/II+ should be strong by design, but is currently largely untested;
+* the Apple II/II+ and IIe should be strong by design, but are relatively new;
 * the Amstrad CPC has known accuracy deficiencies in its 8272 and 6845;
 * the Atari 2600 has some known accuracy deficiencies in its TIA;
 * the C-1540(/1) is locked in reading mode and doesn't yet support writing.

ROMImages/AppleII/readme.txt

@@ -9,5 +9,6 @@ apple2eu.rom — as per apple2e.rom, but for the Unenhanced Apple II.
 
 apple2-character.rom — a 2kb image of the Apple IIe's character ROM.
 apple2eu-character.rom — a 4kb image of the Unenhanced IIe's character ROM.
+apple2e-character.rom — a 4kb image of the Enhanced IIe's character ROM.
 
 Apologies for the wackiness around "at least xkb big", it's to allow for use of files such as those on ftp.apple.asimov.net, which tend to be a bunch of other things, then the system ROM.

Storage/Disk/DiskImage/Formats/AppleDSK.cpp

@@ -75,19 +75,24 @@ std::shared_ptr<Track> AppleDSK::get_track_at_position(Track::Address address) {
 	// In either case below, the code aims for exactly 50,000 bits per track.
 	if(sectors_per_track_ == 16) {
 		// Write gap 1.
-		segment += Encodings::AppleGCR::six_and_two_sync(16);
+		segment += Encodings::AppleGCR::six_and_two_sync(24);
 
 		// Write the sectors.
 		for(uint8_t c = 0; c < 16; ++c) {
-			segment += Encodings::AppleGCR::header(254, track, c);
+			segment += Encodings::AppleGCR::header(is_prodos_ ? 0x01 : 0xfe, track, c);	// Volume number is 0xfe for DOS 3.3, 0x01 for Pro-DOS.
 			segment += Encodings::AppleGCR::six_and_two_sync(7);	// Gap 2: 7 sync words.
 			segment += Encodings::AppleGCR::six_and_two_data(&track_data[logical_sector_for_physical_sector(c) * 256]);
-			segment += Encodings::AppleGCR::six_and_two_sync(16);	// Gap 3: 16 sync words.
+			segment += Encodings::AppleGCR::six_and_two_sync(20);	// Gap 3: 20 sync words.
 		}
 	} else {
 		// TODO: 5 and 3, 13-sector format. If DSK actually supports it?
 	}
 
+	// Apply inter-track skew; skew is about 40ms between each track; assuming 300RPM that's
+	// 1/5th of a revolution.
+	const size_t offset_in_fifths = address.position.as_int() % 5;
+	segment.rotate_right(offset_in_fifths * segment.data.size() / 5);
+
 	return std::make_shared<PCMTrack>(segment);
 }
 

Storage/Disk/Track/PCMSegment.cpp

@@ -50,6 +50,25 @@ PCMSegment &PCMSegment::operator +=(const PCMSegment &rhs) {
 	return *this;
 }
 
+void PCMSegment::rotate_right(size_t length) {
+	length %= data.size();
+	if(!length) return;
+
+	// To rotate to the right, front-insert the proper number
+	// of bits from the end and then resize. To rotate to
+	// the left, do the opposite.
+	std::vector<uint8_t> data_copy;
+	if(length > 0) {
+		data_copy.insert(data_copy.end(), data.end() - static_cast<off_t>(length), data.end());
+		data.erase(data.end() - static_cast<off_t>(length), data.end());
+		data.insert(data.begin(), data_copy.begin(), data_copy.end());
+	} else {
+		data_copy.insert(data_copy.end(), data.begin(), data.begin() - static_cast<off_t>(length));
+		data.erase(data.begin(), data.begin() - static_cast<off_t>(length));
+		data.insert(data.end(), data_copy.begin(), data_copy.end());
+	}
+}
+
 Storage::Disk::Track::Event PCMSegmentEventSource::get_next_event() {
 	// track the initial bit pointer for potentially considering whether this was an
 	// initial index hole or a subsequent one later on

Storage/Disk/Track/PCMSegment.hpp

@@ -105,6 +105,13 @@ struct PCMSegment {
 		data.clear();
 	}
 
+	/*!
+		Rotates all bits in this segment by @c length bits.
+
+		@c length is signed; to rotate left provide a negative number.
+	*/
+	void rotate_right(size_t length);
+
 	/*!
 		Produces a byte buffer where the contents of @c data are serialised into bytes