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359 lines
14 KiB
C++
359 lines
14 KiB
C++
//
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// CRT.hpp
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// Clock Signal
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//
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// Created by Thomas Harte on 19/07/2015.
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// Copyright 2015 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
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//
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#ifndef CRT_hpp
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#define CRT_hpp
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#include <array>
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#include <cstdint>
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#include <limits>
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#include <memory>
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#include "../ScanTarget.hpp"
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#include "Internals/Flywheel.hpp"
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namespace Outputs::CRT {
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class CRT;
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class Delegate {
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public:
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virtual void crt_did_end_batch_of_frames(CRT *crt, int number_of_frames, int number_of_unexpected_vertical_syncs) = 0;
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};
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/*! Models a class 2d analogue output device, accepting a serial stream of data including syncs
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and generating the proper set of output spans. Attempts to act and react exactly as a real
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TV would have to things like irregular or off-spec sync, and includes logic properly to track
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colour phase for colour composite video.
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*/
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class CRT {
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private:
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// The incoming clock lengths will be multiplied by @c time_multiplier_; this increases
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// precision across the line.
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int time_multiplier_ = 1;
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// Two flywheels regulate scanning; the vertical will have a range much greater than the horizontal;
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// the output divider is what that'll need to be divided by to reduce it into a 16-bit range as
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// posted on to the scan target.
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std::unique_ptr<Flywheel> horizontal_flywheel_, vertical_flywheel_;
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int vertical_flywheel_output_divider_ = 1;
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int cycles_since_horizontal_sync_ = 0;
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Display::ScanTarget::Scan::EndPoint end_point(uint16_t data_offset);
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struct Scan {
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enum Type {
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Sync, Level, Data, Blank, ColourBurst
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} type = Scan::Blank;
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int number_of_cycles = 0, number_of_samples = 0;
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uint8_t phase = 0, amplitude = 0;
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};
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void output_scan(const Scan *scan);
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uint8_t colour_burst_amplitude_ = 30;
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int colour_burst_phase_adjustment_ = 0xff;
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int64_t phase_denominator_ = 1;
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int64_t phase_numerator_ = 0;
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int64_t colour_cycle_numerator_ = 1;
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bool is_alernate_line_ = false, phase_alternates_ = false, should_be_alternate_line_ = false;
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void advance_cycles(int number_of_cycles, bool hsync_requested, bool vsync_requested, const Scan::Type type, int number_of_samples);
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Flywheel::SyncEvent get_next_vertical_sync_event(bool vsync_is_requested, int cycles_to_run_for, int *cycles_advanced);
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Flywheel::SyncEvent get_next_horizontal_sync_event(bool hsync_is_requested, int cycles_to_run_for, int *cycles_advanced);
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Delegate *delegate_ = nullptr;
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int frames_since_last_delegate_call_ = 0;
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bool is_receiving_sync_ = false; // @c true if the CRT is currently receiving sync (i.e. this is for edge triggering of horizontal sync); @c false otherwise.
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bool is_accumulating_sync_ = false; // @c true if a sync level has triggered the suspicion that a vertical sync might be in progress; @c false otherwise.
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bool is_refusing_sync_ = false; // @c true once a vertical sync has been detected, until a prolonged period of non-sync has ended suspicion of an ongoing vertical sync.
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int sync_capacitor_charge_threshold_ = 0; // Charges up during times of sync and depletes otherwise; needs to hit a required threshold to trigger a vertical sync.
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int cycles_of_sync_ = 0; // The number of cycles since the potential vertical sync began.
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int cycles_since_sync_ = 0; // The number of cycles since last in sync, for defeating the possibility of this being a vertical sync.
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int cycles_per_line_ = 1;
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Outputs::Display::ScanTarget *scan_target_ = &Outputs::Display::NullScanTarget::singleton;
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Outputs::Display::ScanTarget::Modals scan_target_modals_;
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static constexpr uint8_t DefaultAmplitude = 41; // Based upon a black level to maximum excursion and positive burst peak of: NTSC: 882 & 143; PAL: 933 & 150.
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#ifndef NDEBUG
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size_t allocated_data_length_ = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::min();
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#endif
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public:
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/*! Constructs the CRT with a specified clock rate, height and colour subcarrier frequency.
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The requested number of buffers, each with the requested number of bytes per pixel,
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is created for the machine to write raw pixel data to.
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@param cycles_per_line The clock rate at which this CRT will be driven, specified as the number
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of cycles expected to take up one whole scanline of the display.
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@param clocks_per_pixel_greatest_common_divisor The GCD of all potential lengths of a pixel
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in terms of the clock rate given as @c cycles_per_line.
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@param height_of_display The number of lines that nominally form one field of the display, rounded
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up to the next whole integer.
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@param colour_cycle_numerator Specifies the numerator for the per-line frequency of the colour subcarrier.
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@param colour_cycle_denominator Specifies the denominator for the per-line frequency of the colour subcarrier.
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The colour subcarrier is taken to have colour_cycle_numerator/colour_cycle_denominator cycles per line.
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@param vertical_sync_half_lines The expected length of vertical synchronisation (equalisation pulses aside),
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in multiples of half a line.
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@param data_type The format that the caller will use for input data.
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*/
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CRT(int cycles_per_line,
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int clocks_per_pixel_greatest_common_divisor,
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int height_of_display,
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Outputs::Display::ColourSpace colour_space,
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int colour_cycle_numerator,
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int colour_cycle_denominator,
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int vertical_sync_half_lines,
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bool should_alternate,
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Outputs::Display::InputDataType data_type);
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/*! Constructs a monitor-style CRT — one that will take only an RGB or monochrome signal, and therefore has
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no colour space or colour subcarrier frequency. This monitor will automatically map colour bursts to the black level.
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*/
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CRT(int cycles_per_line,
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int clocks_per_pixel_greatest_common_divisor,
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int height_of_display,
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int vertical_sync_half_lines,
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Outputs::Display::InputDataType data_type);
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/*! Exactly identical to calling the designated constructor with colour subcarrier information
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looked up by display type.
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*/
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CRT(int cycles_per_line,
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int minimum_cycles_per_pixel,
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Outputs::Display::Type display_type,
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Outputs::Display::InputDataType data_type);
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/*! Resets the CRT with new timing information. The CRT then continues as though the new timing had
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been provided at construction. */
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void set_new_timing(
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int cycles_per_line,
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int height_of_display,
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Outputs::Display::ColourSpace colour_space,
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int colour_cycle_numerator,
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int colour_cycle_denominator,
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int vertical_sync_half_lines,
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bool should_alternate);
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/*! Resets the CRT with new timing information derived from a new display type. The CRT then continues
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as though the new timing had been provided at construction. */
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void set_new_display_type(
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int cycles_per_line,
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Outputs::Display::Type display_type);
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/*! Changes the type of data being supplied as input.
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*/
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void set_new_data_type(Outputs::Display::InputDataType data_type);
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/*! Sets the CRT's intended aspect ratio — 4.0/3.0 by default.
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*/
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void set_aspect_ratio(float aspect_ratio);
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/*! Output at the sync level.
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@param number_of_cycles The amount of time to putput sync for.
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*/
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void output_sync(int number_of_cycles);
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/*! Output at the blanking level.
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@param number_of_cycles The amount of time to putput the blanking level for.
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*/
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void output_blank(int number_of_cycles);
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/*! Outputs the first written to the most-recently created run of data repeatedly for a prolonged period.
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@param number_of_cycles The number of cycles to repeat the output for.
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*/
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void output_level(int number_of_cycles);
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/*! Declares that the caller has created a run of data via @c begin_data that is at least @c number_of_samples
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long, and that the first @c number_of_samples should be spread over @c number_of_cycles.
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@param number_of_cycles The amount of data to output.
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@param number_of_samples The number of samples of input data to output.
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@see @c begin_data
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*/
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void output_data(int number_of_cycles, size_t number_of_samples);
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/*! A shorthand form for output_data that assumes the number of cycles to output for is the same as the number of samples. */
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void output_data(int number_of_cycles) {
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output_data(number_of_cycles, size_t(number_of_cycles));
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}
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/*! Outputs a colour burst.
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@param number_of_cycles The length of the colour burst.
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@param phase The initial phase of the colour burst in a measuring system with 256 units
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per circle, e.g. 0 = 0 degrees, 128 = 180 degrees, 256 = 360 degree.
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@param amplitude The amplitude of the colour burst in 1/255ths of the amplitude of the
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positive portion of the wave.
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*/
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void output_colour_burst(int number_of_cycles, uint8_t phase, bool is_alternate_line = false, uint8_t amplitude = DefaultAmplitude);
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/*! Outputs a colour burst exactly in phase with CRT expectations using the idiomatic amplitude.
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@param number_of_cycles The length of the colour burst;
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*/
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void output_default_colour_burst(int number_of_cycles, uint8_t amplitude = DefaultAmplitude);
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/*! Sets the current phase of the colour subcarrier used by output_default_colour_burst.
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@param phase The normalised instantaneous phase. 0.0f is the start of a colour cycle, 1.0f is the
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end of a colour cycle, 0.25f is a quarter of the way through a colour cycle, etc.
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*/
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void set_immediate_default_phase(float phase);
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/*! Attempts to allocate the given number of output samples for writing.
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The beginning of the most recently allocated area is used as the start
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of data written by a call to @c output_data; it is acceptable to write and to
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output less data than the amount requested but that may be less efficient.
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Allocation should fail only if emulation is running significantly below real speed.
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@param required_length The number of samples to allocate.
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@returns A pointer to the allocated area if room is available; @c nullptr otherwise.
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*/
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inline uint8_t *begin_data(std::size_t required_length, std::size_t required_alignment = 1) {
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const auto result = scan_target_->begin_data(required_length, required_alignment);
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#ifndef NDEBUG
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// If data was allocated, make a record of how much so as to be able to hold the caller to that
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// contract later. If allocation failed, don't constrain the caller. This allows callers that
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// allocate on demand but may allow one failure to hold for a longer period — e.g. until the
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// next line.
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allocated_data_length_ = result ? required_length : std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
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#endif
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return result;
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}
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/*! Sets the gamma exponent for the simulated screen. */
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void set_input_gamma(float gamma);
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enum CompositeSourceType {
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/// The composite function provides continuous output.
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Continuous,
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/// The composite function provides discrete output with four unique values per colour cycle.
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DiscreteFourSamplesPerCycle
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};
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/*! Provides information about the type of output the composite sampling function provides, discrete or continuous.
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This is necessary because the CRT implementation samples discretely and therefore can use fewer intermediate
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samples if it can exactly duplicate the sampling rate and placement of the composite sampling function.
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A continuous function is assumed by default.
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@param type The type of output provided by the function supplied to `set_composite_sampling_function`.
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@param offset_of_first_sample The relative position within a full cycle of the colour subcarrier at which the
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first sample falls. E.g. 0.125 means "at 1/8th of the way through the complete cycle".
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*/
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void set_composite_function_type(CompositeSourceType type, float offset_of_first_sample = 0.0f);
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/*! Nominates a section of the display to crop to for output. */
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void set_visible_area(Outputs::Display::Rect visible_area);
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/*! @returns The rectangle describing a subset of the display, allowing for sync periods. */
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Outputs::Display::Rect get_rect_for_area(
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int first_line_after_sync,
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int number_of_lines,
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int first_cycle_after_sync,
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int number_of_cycles,
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float aspect_ratio) const;
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/*! Sets the CRT delegate; set to @c nullptr if no delegate is desired. */
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inline void set_delegate(Delegate *delegate) {
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delegate_ = delegate;
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}
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/*! Sets the scan target for CRT output. */
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void set_scan_target(Outputs::Display::ScanTarget *);
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/*!
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Gets current scan status, with time based fields being in the input scale — e.g. if you're supplying
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86 cycles/line and 98 lines/field then it'll return a field duration of 86*98.
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*/
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Outputs::Display::ScanStatus get_scaled_scan_status() const;
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/*! Sets the display type that will be nominated to the scan target. */
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void set_display_type(Outputs::Display::DisplayType);
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/*! Gets the last display type provided to set_display_type. */
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Outputs::Display::DisplayType get_display_type() const;
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/*! Sets the offset to apply to phase when using the PhaseLinkedLuminance8 input data type. */
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void set_phase_linked_luminance_offset(float);
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/*! Sets the input data type. */
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void set_input_data_type(Outputs::Display::InputDataType);
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/*! Sets the output brightness. */
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void set_brightness(float);
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};
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/*!
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Provides a CRT delegate that will will observe sync mismatches and, when an appropriate threshold is crossed,
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ask its receiver to try a different display frequency.
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*/
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template <typename Receiver> class CRTFrequencyMismatchWarner: public Outputs::CRT::Delegate {
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public:
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CRTFrequencyMismatchWarner(Receiver &receiver) : receiver_(receiver) {}
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void crt_did_end_batch_of_frames(Outputs::CRT::CRT *, int number_of_frames, int number_of_unexpected_vertical_syncs) final {
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frame_records_[frame_record_pointer_ % frame_records_.size()].number_of_frames = number_of_frames;
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frame_records_[frame_record_pointer_ % frame_records_.size()].number_of_unexpected_vertical_syncs = number_of_unexpected_vertical_syncs;
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++frame_record_pointer_;
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if(frame_record_pointer_*2 >= frame_records_.size()*3) {
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int total_number_of_frames = 0;
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int total_number_of_unexpected_vertical_syncs = 0;
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for(const auto &record: frame_records_) {
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total_number_of_frames += record.number_of_frames;
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total_number_of_unexpected_vertical_syncs += record.number_of_unexpected_vertical_syncs;
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}
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if(total_number_of_unexpected_vertical_syncs >= total_number_of_frames >> 1) {
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reset();
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receiver_.register_crt_frequency_mismatch();
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}
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}
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}
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void reset() {
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for(auto &record: frame_records_) {
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record.number_of_frames = 0;
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record.number_of_unexpected_vertical_syncs = 0;
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}
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}
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private:
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Receiver &receiver_;
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struct FrameRecord {
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int number_of_frames = 0;
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int number_of_unexpected_vertical_syncs = 0;
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};
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std::array<FrameRecord, 4> frame_records_;
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size_t frame_record_pointer_ = 0;
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};
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}
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#endif /* CRT_cpp */
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