CLK/Processors/68000/Implementation/68000Storage.hpp

//
//  68000Storage.hpp
//  Clock Signal
//
//  Created by Thomas Harte on 08/03/2019.
//  Copyright © 2019 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
//

#ifndef MC68000Storage_h
#define MC68000Storage_h

class ProcessorStorage {
	public:
		ProcessorStorage();

	protected:
		RegisterPair32 data_[8];
		RegisterPair32 address_[8];
		RegisterPair32 program_counter_;

		RegisterPair32 stack_pointers_[2];	// [0] = user stack pointer; [1] = supervisor; the values from here
											// are copied into/out of address_[7] upon mode switches.

		RegisterPair32 prefetch_queue_;		// Each word will go into the low part of the word, then proceed upward.
		bool dtack_ = true;

		// Various status bits.
		int is_supervisor_;
		int interrupt_level_;
		uint_fast32_t zero_result_;		// The zero flag is set if this value is zero.
		uint_fast32_t carry_flag_;		// The carry flag is set if this value is non-zero.
		uint_fast32_t extend_flag_;		// The extend flag is set if this value is non-zero.
		uint_fast32_t overflow_flag_;	// The overflow flag is set if this value is non-zero.
		uint_fast32_t negative_flag_;	// The negative flag is set if this value is non-zero.
		uint_fast32_t trace_flag_;		// The trace flag is set if this value is non-zero.

		// Generic sources and targets for memory operations;
		// by convention: [0] = source, [1] = destination.
		RegisterPair32 effective_address_[2];
		RegisterPair32 source_bus_data_[1];
		RegisterPair32 destination_bus_data_[1];

		HalfCycles half_cycles_left_to_run_;

		enum class Operation {
			None,
			ABCD,	SBCD,

			ADDb,	ADDw,	ADDl,
			SUBb,	SUBw,	SUBl,
			ADDAw,	ADDAl,
			SUBAw,	SUBAl,

			MOVEb,	MOVEw,	MOVEl,	MOVEq,
			MOVEAw,	MOVEAl,

			MOVEtoSR, MOVEfromSR,

			CMPb,	CMPw,	CMPl,

			BRA,	Bcc,	JMP
		};

		/*!
			Bus steps are sequences of things to communicate to the bus.
			Standard behaviour is: (i) perform microcycle; (ii) perform action.
		*/
		struct BusStep {
			Microcycle microcycle;
			enum class Action {
				None,

				/// Performs effective_address_[0] += 2.
				IncrementEffectiveAddress0,

				/// Performs effective_address_[1] += 2.
				IncrementEffectiveAddress1,

				/// Performs program_counter_ += 2.
				IncrementProgramCounter,

				/// Copies prefetch_queue_[1] to prefetch_queue_[0].
				AdvancePrefetch,

				/*!
					Terminates an atomic program; if nothing else is pending, schedules the next instruction.
					This action is special in that it usurps any included microcycle. So any Step with this
					as its action acts as an end-of-list sentinel.
				*/
				ScheduleNextProgram

			} action = Action::None;

			inline bool operator ==(const BusStep &rhs) const {
				if(action != rhs.action) return false;
				return microcycle == rhs.microcycle;
			}

			inline bool is_terminal() const {
				return action == Action::ScheduleNextProgram;
			}
		};

		/*!
			A micro-op is: (i) an action to take; and (ii) a sequence of bus operations
			to perform after taking the action.

			NOTE: this therefore has the opposite order of behaviour compared to a BusStep,
			the action occurs BEFORE the bus operations, not after.

			A nullptr bus_program terminates a sequence of micro operations; the is_terminal
			test should be used to query for that. The action on the final operation will
			be performed.
		*/
		struct MicroOp {
			enum class Action: int {
				None,

				/// Does whatever this instruction says is the main operation.
				PerformOperation,

				/// Sets the flags as if a MOVE operation had occurred, by inspecting *source.
				SetMoveFlagsb,
				SetMoveFlagsw,
				SetMoveFlagsl,

				/*
					All of the below will honour the source and destination masks
					in deciding where to apply their actions.
				*/

				/// Subtracts 1.
				Decrement1,
				/// Subtracts 2.
				Decrement2,
				/// Subtracts 4.
				Decrement4,

				/// Adds 1.
				Increment1,
				/// Adds 2.
				Increment2,
				/// Adds 4.
				Increment4,

				/// Copies the source and/or destination to effective_address_.
				CopyToEffectiveAddress,

				/// Peeking into the end of the prefetch queue, calculates the proper target of (d16,An) addressing.
				CalcD16An,

				/// Peeking into the end of the prefetch queue, calculates the proper target of (d8,An,Xn) addressing.
				CalcD8AnXn,

				/// Peeking into the prefetch queue, calculates the proper target of (d16,PC) addressing,
				/// adjusting as though it had been performed after the proper PC fetches. The source
				/// and destination mask flags affect only the destination of the result.
				CalcD16PC,

				/// Peeking into the prefetch queue, calculates the proper target of (d8,An,Xn) addressing,
				/// adjusting as though it had been performed after the proper PC fetches. The source
				/// and destination mask flags affect only the destination of the result.
				CalcD8PCXn,

				/// Sets the high word according to the MSB of the low word.
				SignExtendWord,

				/// Sets the high three bytes according to the MSB of the low byte.
				SignExtendByte,

				/// From the next word in the prefetch queue assembles a 0-padded 32-bit long word in either or
				/// both of effective_address_[0] and effective_address_[1].
				AssembleWordAddressFromPrefetch,

				/// From the next word in the prefetch queue assembles a 0-padded 32-bit long word in either or
				/// both of bus_data_[0] and bus_data_[1].
				AssembleWordDataFromPrefetch,

				/// Copies the next two prefetch words into one of the effective_address_.
				AssembleLongWordAddressFromPrefetch,

				/// Copies the next two prefetch words into one of the bus_data_.
				AssembleLongWordDataFromPrefetch
			};
			static const int SourceMask = 1 << 30;
			static const int DestinationMask = 1 << 29;
			int action = int(Action::None);

			BusStep *bus_program = nullptr;

			MicroOp() {}
			MicroOp(int action) : action(action) {}
			MicroOp(int action, BusStep *bus_program) : action(action), bus_program(bus_program) {}

			MicroOp(Action action) : MicroOp(int(action)) {}
			MicroOp(Action action, BusStep *bus_program) : MicroOp(int(action), bus_program) {}

			inline bool is_terminal() const {
				return bus_program == nullptr;
			}
		};

		/*!
			A program represents the implementation of a particular opcode, as a sequence
			of micro-ops and, separately, the operation to perform plus whatever other
			fields the operation requires.
		*/
		struct Program {
			MicroOp *micro_operations = nullptr;
			RegisterPair32 *source = nullptr;
			RegisterPair32 *destination = nullptr;
			Operation operation;
			bool requires_supervisor = false;

			void set_source(ProcessorStorage &storage, int mode, int reg) {
				switch(mode) {
					case 0:		source = &storage.data_[reg];			break;
					case 1:		source = &storage.address_[reg];		break;
					default:	source = &storage.source_bus_data_[0];	break;
				}
			}

			void set_destination(ProcessorStorage &storage, int mode, int reg) {
				switch(mode) {
					case 0:		destination = &storage.data_[reg];					break;
					case 1:		destination = &storage.address_[reg];				break;
					default:	destination = &storage.destination_bus_data_[0];	break;
				}
			}
		};

		// Storage for all the sequences of bus steps and micro-ops used throughout
		// the 68000.
		std::vector<BusStep> all_bus_steps_;
		std::vector<MicroOp> all_micro_ops_;

		// A lookup table from instructions to implementations.
		Program instructions[65536];

		// Special steps for exception handlers.
		BusStep *reset_bus_steps_;

		// Special micro-op sequences for conditionals.
		BusStep *branch_taken_bus_steps_;
		BusStep *branch_byte_not_taken_bus_steps_;
		BusStep *branch_word_not_taken_bus_steps_;

		// Current bus step pointer, and outer program pointer.
		Program *active_program_ = nullptr;
		MicroOp *active_micro_op_ = nullptr;
		BusStep *active_step_ = nullptr;

		/// Copies address_[7] to the proper stack pointer based on current mode.
		void write_back_stack_pointer();

		/// Sets or clears the supervisor flag, ensuring the stack pointer is properly updated.
		void set_is_supervisor(bool);

	private:
		friend class ProcessorStorageConstructor;
};

#endif /* MC68000Storage_h */