CLK/Machines/MasterSystem/MasterSystem.cpp

//
//  MasterSystem.cpp
//  Clock Signal
//
//  Created by Thomas Harte on 20/09/2018.
//  Copyright © 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
//

#include "MasterSystem.hpp"

#include "../../Processors/Z80/Z80.hpp"

#include "../../Components/9918/9918.hpp"
#include "../../Components/SN76489/SN76489.hpp"

#include "../CRTMachine.hpp"
#include "../JoystickMachine.hpp"
#include "../KeyboardMachine.hpp"

#include "../../ClockReceiver/ForceInline.hpp"
#include "../../ClockReceiver/JustInTime.hpp"

#include "../../Outputs/Speaker/Implementation/LowpassSpeaker.hpp"
#include "../../Outputs/Log.hpp"

#include "../../Analyser/Static/Sega/Target.hpp"

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>

namespace {
constexpr int sn76489_divider = 2;
}

namespace Sega {
namespace MasterSystem {

std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Configurable::Option>> get_options() {
	return Configurable::standard_options(
		static_cast<Configurable::StandardOptions>(Configurable::DisplayRGB | Configurable::DisplayCompositeColour)
	);
}

class Joystick: public Inputs::ConcreteJoystick {
	public:
		Joystick() :
			ConcreteJoystick({
				Input(Input::Up),
				Input(Input::Down),
				Input(Input::Left),
				Input(Input::Right),

				Input(Input::Fire, 0),
				Input(Input::Fire, 1)
			}) {}

		void did_set_input(const Input &digital_input, bool is_active) override {
			switch(digital_input.type) {
				default: return;

				case Input::Up:		if(is_active) state_ &= ~0x01; else state_ |= 0x01;	break;
				case Input::Down:	if(is_active) state_ &= ~0x02; else state_ |= 0x02;	break;
				case Input::Left:	if(is_active) state_ &= ~0x04; else state_ |= 0x04;	break;
				case Input::Right:	if(is_active) state_ &= ~0x08; else state_ |= 0x08;	break;
				case Input::Fire:
					switch(digital_input.info.control.index) {
						default: break;
						case 0:	if(is_active) state_ &= ~0x10; else state_ |= 0x10;		break;
						case 1:	if(is_active) state_ &= ~0x20; else state_ |= 0x20;		break;
					}
				break;
			}
		}

		uint8_t get_state() {
			return state_;
		}

	private:
		uint8_t state_ = 0xff;
};

class ConcreteMachine:
	public Machine,
	public CPU::Z80::BusHandler,
	public CRTMachine::Machine,
	public KeyboardMachine::Machine,
	public Inputs::Keyboard::Delegate,
	public Configurable::Device,
	public JoystickMachine::Machine {

	public:
		ConcreteMachine(const Analyser::Static::Sega::Target &target, const ROMMachine::ROMFetcher &rom_fetcher) :
			model_(target.model),
			region_(target.region),
			paging_scheme_(target.paging_scheme),
			z80_(*this),
			vdp_(tms_personality_for_model(target.model)),
			sn76489_(
				(target.model == Target::Model::SG1000) ? TI::SN76489::Personality::SN76489 : TI::SN76489::Personality::SMS,
				audio_queue_,
				sn76489_divider),
			speaker_(sn76489_),
			keyboard_({Inputs::Keyboard::Key::Enter, Inputs::Keyboard::Key::Escape}, {}) {
			// Pick the clock rate based on the region.
			const double clock_rate = target.region == Target::Region::Europe ? 3546893.0 : 3579540.0;
			speaker_.set_input_rate(static_cast<float>(clock_rate / sn76489_divider));
			set_clock_rate(clock_rate);

			// Instantiate the joysticks.
			joysticks_.emplace_back(new Joystick);
			joysticks_.emplace_back(new Joystick);

			// Clear the memory map.
			map(read_pointers_, nullptr, 0x10000, 0);
			map(write_pointers_, nullptr, 0x10000, 0);

			// Take a copy of the cartridge and place it into memory.
			cartridge_ = target.media.cartridges[0]->get_segments()[0].data;
			if(cartridge_.size() < 48*1024) {
				std::size_t new_space = 48*1024 - cartridge_.size();
				cartridge_.resize(48*1024);
				memset(&cartridge_[48*1024 - new_space], 0xff, new_space);
			}

			if(paging_scheme_ == Target::PagingScheme::Codemasters) {
				// The Codemasters cartridges start with pages 0, 1 and 0 again initially visible.
				paging_registers_[0] = 0;
				paging_registers_[1] = 1;
				paging_registers_[2] = 0;
			}
			page_cartridge();

			// Load the BIOS if relevant.
			if(has_bios()) {
				// TODO: there's probably a million other versions of the Master System BIOS; try to build a
				// CRC32 catalogue of those. So far:
				//
				//	0072ed54 = US/European BIOS 1.3
				//	48d44a13 = Japanese BIOS 2.1
				const auto roms = rom_fetcher({ {"MasterSystem", "the Master System BIOS", "bios.sms", 8*1024, { 0x0072ed54, 0x48d44a13 } } });
				if(!roms[0]) {
					// No BIOS found; attempt to boot as though it has already disabled itself.
					memory_control_ |= 0x08;
					std::cerr << "No BIOS found; attempting to start cartridge directly" << std::endl;
				} else {
					roms[0]->resize(8*1024);
					memcpy(&bios_, roms[0]->data(), roms[0]->size());
				}
			}

			// Map RAM.
			if(is_master_system(model_)) {
				map(read_pointers_, ram_, 8*1024, 0xc000, 0x10000);
				map(write_pointers_, ram_, 8*1024, 0xc000, 0x10000);
			} else {
				map(read_pointers_, ram_, 1024, 0xc000, 0x10000);
				map(write_pointers_, ram_, 1024, 0xc000, 0x10000);
			}

			// Apple a relatively low low-pass filter. More guidance needed here.
			speaker_.set_high_frequency_cutoff(8000);

			keyboard_.set_delegate(this);
		}

		~ConcreteMachine() {
			audio_queue_.flush();
		}

		void set_scan_target(Outputs::Display::ScanTarget *scan_target) override {
			vdp_->set_tv_standard(
				(region_ == Target::Region::Europe) ?
					TI::TMS::TVStandard::PAL : TI::TMS::TVStandard::NTSC);
			time_until_debounce_ = vdp_->get_time_until_line(-1);

			vdp_->set_scan_target(scan_target);
		}

		Outputs::Display::ScanStatus get_scan_status() const final {
			return vdp_->get_scan_status();
		}

		void set_display_type(Outputs::Display::DisplayType display_type) override {
			vdp_->set_display_type(display_type);
		}

		Outputs::Speaker::Speaker *get_speaker() override {
			return &speaker_;
		}

		void run_for(const Cycles cycles) override {
			z80_.run_for(cycles);
		}

		forceinline HalfCycles perform_machine_cycle(const CPU::Z80::PartialMachineCycle &cycle) {
			vdp_ += cycle.length;
			time_since_sn76489_update_ += cycle.length;

			if(cycle.is_terminal()) {
				uint16_t address = cycle.address ? *cycle.address : 0x0000;
				switch(cycle.operation) {
					case CPU::Z80::PartialMachineCycle::ReadOpcode:
					case CPU::Z80::PartialMachineCycle::Read:
						*cycle.value = read_pointers_[address >> 10] ? read_pointers_[address >> 10][address & 1023] : 0xff;
					break;

					case CPU::Z80::PartialMachineCycle::Write:
						if(paging_scheme_ == Target::PagingScheme::Sega) {
							if(address >= 0xfffd && cartridge_.size() > 48*1024) {
								if(paging_registers_[address - 0xfffd] != *cycle.value) {
									paging_registers_[address - 0xfffd] = *cycle.value;
									page_cartridge();
								}
							}
						} else {
							// i.e. this is the Codemasters paging scheme.
							if(!(address&0x3fff) && address < 0xc000) {
								if(paging_registers_[address >> 14] != *cycle.value) {
									paging_registers_[address >> 14] = *cycle.value;
									page_cartridge();
								}
							}
						}

						if(write_pointers_[address >> 10]) write_pointers_[address >> 10][address & 1023] = *cycle.value;
//						else LOG("Ignored write to ROM");
					break;

					case CPU::Z80::PartialMachineCycle::Input:
						switch(address & 0xc1) {
							case 0x00:
								LOG("TODO: [input] memory control");
								*cycle.value = 0xff;
							break;
							case 0x01:
								LOG("TODO: [input] I/O port control");
								*cycle.value = 0xff;
							break;
							case 0x40:
								*cycle.value = vdp_->get_current_line();
							break;
							case 0x41:
								*cycle.value = vdp_.last_valid()->get_latched_horizontal_counter();
							break;
							case 0x80: case 0x81:
								*cycle.value = vdp_->read(address);
								z80_.set_interrupt_line(vdp_->get_interrupt_line());
								time_until_interrupt_ = vdp_->get_time_until_interrupt();
							break;
							case 0xc0: {
								Joystick *const joypad1 = static_cast<Joystick *>(joysticks_[0].get());
								Joystick *const joypad2 = static_cast<Joystick *>(joysticks_[1].get());
								*cycle.value = static_cast<uint8_t>(joypad1->get_state() | (joypad2->get_state() << 6));
							} break;
							case 0xc1: {
								Joystick *const joypad2 = static_cast<Joystick *>(joysticks_[1].get());

								*cycle.value =
									(joypad2->get_state() >> 2) |
									0x30 |
									get_th_values();
							} break;

							default:
								ERROR("[input] Clearly some sort of typo");
							break;
						}
					break;

					case CPU::Z80::PartialMachineCycle::Output:
						switch(address & 0xc1) {
							case 0x00:
								if(is_master_system(model_)) {
									// TODO: Obey the RAM enable.
									memory_control_ = *cycle.value;
									page_cartridge();
								}
							break;
							case 0x01: {
								// A programmer can force the TH lines to 0 here,
								// causing a phoney lightgun latch, so check for any
								// discontinuity in TH inputs.
								const auto previous_ths = get_th_values();
								io_port_control_ = *cycle.value;
								const auto new_ths = get_th_values();

								// Latch if either TH has newly gone to 1.
								if((new_ths^previous_ths)&new_ths) {
									vdp_->latch_horizontal_counter();
								}
							} break;
							case 0x40: case 0x41:
								update_audio();
								sn76489_.write(*cycle.value);
							break;
							case 0x80: case 0x81:
								vdp_->write(address, *cycle.value);
								z80_.set_interrupt_line(vdp_->get_interrupt_line());
								time_until_interrupt_ = vdp_->get_time_until_interrupt();
							break;
							case 0xc0:
								LOG("TODO: [output] I/O port A/N; " << int(*cycle.value));
							break;
							case 0xc1:
								LOG("TODO: [output] I/O port B/misc");
							break;

							default:
								ERROR("[output] Clearly some sort of typo");
							break;
						}
					break;

					case CPU::Z80::PartialMachineCycle::Interrupt:
						*cycle.value = 0xff;
					break;

					default: break;
				}
			}

			if(time_until_interrupt_ > 0) {
				time_until_interrupt_ -= cycle.length;
				if(time_until_interrupt_ <= HalfCycles(0)) {
					z80_.set_interrupt_line(true, time_until_interrupt_);
				}
			}

			// The pause button is debounced and takes effect only one line before pixels
			// begin; time_until_debounce_ keeps track of the time until then.
			time_until_debounce_ -= cycle.length;
			if(time_until_debounce_ <= HalfCycles(0)) {
				z80_.set_non_maskable_interrupt_line(pause_is_pressed_);
				time_until_debounce_ = vdp_->get_time_until_line(-1);
			}

			return HalfCycles(0);
		}

		void flush() {
			vdp_.flush();
			update_audio();
			audio_queue_.perform();
		}

		const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Inputs::Joystick>> &get_joysticks() override {
			return joysticks_;
		}

		// MARK: - Keyboard (i.e. the pause and reset buttons).
		Inputs::Keyboard &get_keyboard() override {
			return keyboard_;
		}

		void keyboard_did_change_key(Inputs::Keyboard *, Inputs::Keyboard::Key key, bool is_pressed) override {
			if(key == Inputs::Keyboard::Key::Enter) {
				pause_is_pressed_ = is_pressed;
			} else if(key == Inputs::Keyboard::Key::Escape) {
				reset_is_pressed_ = is_pressed;
			}
		}

		void reset_all_keys(Inputs::Keyboard *) override {
		}

		// MARK: - Configuration options.
		std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Configurable::Option>> get_options() override {
			return Sega::MasterSystem::get_options();
		}

		void set_selections(const Configurable::SelectionSet &selections_by_option) override {
			Configurable::Display display;
			if(Configurable::get_display(selections_by_option, display)) {
				set_video_signal_configurable(display);
			}
		}

		Configurable::SelectionSet get_accurate_selections() override {
			Configurable::SelectionSet selection_set;
			Configurable::append_display_selection(selection_set, Configurable::Display::CompositeColour);
			return selection_set;
		}

		Configurable::SelectionSet get_user_friendly_selections() override {
			Configurable::SelectionSet selection_set;
			Configurable::append_display_selection(selection_set, Configurable::Display::RGB);
			return selection_set;
		}

	private:
		static TI::TMS::Personality tms_personality_for_model(Analyser::Static::Sega::Target::Model model) {
			switch(model) {
				default:
				case Target::Model::SG1000:			return TI::TMS::TMS9918A;
				case Target::Model::MasterSystem:	return TI::TMS::SMSVDP;
				case Target::Model::MasterSystem2:	return TI::TMS::SMS2VDP;
			}
		}

		inline uint8_t get_th_values() {
			// Quick not on TH inputs here: if either is setup as an output, then the
			// currently output level is returned. Otherwise they're fixed at 1.
			return
				static_cast<uint8_t>(
					((io_port_control_ & 0x02) << 5) | ((io_port_control_&0x20) << 1) |
					((io_port_control_ & 0x08) << 4) | (io_port_control_&0x80)
				);

		}

		inline void update_audio() {
			speaker_.run_for(audio_queue_, time_since_sn76489_update_.divide_cycles(Cycles(sn76489_divider)));
		}

		using Target = Analyser::Static::Sega::Target;
		Target::Model model_;
		Target::Region region_;
		Target::PagingScheme paging_scheme_;
		CPU::Z80::Processor<ConcreteMachine, false, false> z80_;
		JustInTimeActor<TI::TMS::TMS9918> vdp_;

		Concurrency::DeferringAsyncTaskQueue audio_queue_;
		TI::SN76489 sn76489_;
		Outputs::Speaker::LowpassSpeaker<TI::SN76489> speaker_;

		std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Inputs::Joystick>> joysticks_;
		Inputs::Keyboard keyboard_;
		bool reset_is_pressed_ = false, pause_is_pressed_ = false;

		HalfCycles time_since_sn76489_update_;
		HalfCycles time_until_interrupt_;
		HalfCycles time_until_debounce_;

		uint8_t ram_[8*1024];
		uint8_t bios_[8*1024];
		std::vector<uint8_t> cartridge_;

		uint8_t io_port_control_ = 0x0f;

		// The memory map has a 1kb granularity; this is determined by the SG1000's 1kb of RAM.
		const uint8_t *read_pointers_[64];
		uint8_t *write_pointers_[64];
		template <typename T> void map(T **target, uint8_t *source, size_t size, size_t start_address, size_t end_address = 0) {
			if(!end_address) end_address = start_address + size;
			for(auto address = start_address; address < end_address; address += 1024) {
				target[address >> 10] = source ? &source[(address - start_address) & (size - 1)] : nullptr;
			}
		}

		uint8_t paging_registers_[3] = {0, 1, 2};
		uint8_t memory_control_ = 0;
		void page_cartridge() {
			// Either install the cartridge or don't; Japanese machines can't see
			// anything but the cartridge.
			if(!(memory_control_ & 0x40) || region_ == Target::Region::Japan) {
				for(size_t c = 0; c < 3; ++c) {
					const size_t start_addr = (paging_registers_[c] * 0x4000) % cartridge_.size();
					map(
						read_pointers_,
						cartridge_.data() + start_addr,
						std::min(static_cast<size_t>(0x4000), cartridge_.size() - start_addr),
						c * 0x4000);
				}

				// The first 1kb doesn't page though, if this is the Sega paging scheme.
				if(paging_scheme_ == Target::PagingScheme::Sega) {
					map(read_pointers_, cartridge_.data(), 0x400, 0x0000);
				}
			} else {
				map(read_pointers_, nullptr, 0xc000, 0x0000);
			}

			// Throw the BIOS on top if this machine has one and it isn't disabled.
			if(has_bios() && !(memory_control_ & 0x08)) {
				map(read_pointers_, bios_, 8*1024, 0);
			}
		}
		bool has_bios() {
			return is_master_system(model_) && region_ != Target::Region::Japan;
		}
};

}
}

using namespace Sega::MasterSystem;

Machine *Machine::MasterSystem(const Analyser::Static::Target *target, const ROMMachine::ROMFetcher &rom_fetcher) {
	using Target = Analyser::Static::Sega::Target;
	const Target *const sega_target = dynamic_cast<const Target *>(target);
	return new ConcreteMachine(*sega_target, rom_fetcher);
}

Machine::~Machine() {}