#include "rom.h" #include "common.h" ; ROM code header .WORD CMN_CD, _END_CMN_CD - CMN_CD ; beginning of ROM code * = CMN_CD _CMN .( ; common function interpreter JSR _SAV ; save registers PLA STA _PCL ; set program counter from return address PLA STA _PCH INC _PCL ; advance the program counter BNE _1 INC _PCH _1 JSR _2 ; interpret and execute one common instruction JMP _1 _2 LDY #0 LDA (_PC),Y ; get operand INC _PCL ; advance the program counter BNE _3 INC _PCH _3 TAX ; save operand for later AND #$F0 BEQ _4 ; go to 0X instructions CMP #$F0 ; check for FX functions BEQ _5 ; go to FX instructions LSR ; get offset to XR instructions LSR LSR TAY DEY DEY LDA FN_XR+1,Y ; push high address PHA LDA FN_XR,Y ; push low address PHA TXA ; restore operand AND #$F ; mask to get register ASL ; shift to get offset to register ASL TAX ; back to index RTS ; "return" to routine _4 TXA ; get operand ASL ; shift to get offset to 0X instructions TAY LDA FN_0X+1,Y ; push high address PHA LDA FN_0X,Y ; push low address PHA TXA ; restore operand RTS ; "return" to routine _5 TXA ; get operand AND #$F ; mask to get index ASL ; shift to get offset to FX instructions TAY LDA FN_FX+1,Y ; push high address PHA LDA FN_FX,Y ; push low address PHA TXA ; restore operand RTS ; "return" to routine .) _INI .( ; initialize common LDA #0 ; initialize RSI STA _RSI ; copy system functions (TODO) ; load program (TODO) JMP (_PC) ; go to last loaded block .) _SAV .( ; save the registers prior to entering common STA _ACC STX _IDX STY _IDY PHP PLA STA _PS CLD RTS .) _RES .( ; restore the registers prior to leaving common LDA _PS PHA LDA _ACC LDX _IDX LDY _IDY PLP RTS .) _SET .( ; SET r aabbcc.dd 1r dd cc bb aa Rr <- aabbcc.dd - set register LDY #0 LDA (_PC),Y ; transfer four bytes over STA _R0,X INY LDA (_PC),Y STA _R0+1,X INY LDA (_PC),Y STA _R0+2,X INY LDA (_PC),Y STA _R0+3,X LDA #4 ; update program counter CLC ADC _PCL STA _PCL BCC _1 INC _PCH _1 RTS ; done .) _PSH .( ; PSH r 2r RS <- Rr - push onto stack LDY _RSI ; get register stack index CPY #_RSS ; compare against limit BCC _1 ; still room, all okay BRK ; next push will cause a stack overflow, abort and call exception handler (TODO) _1 LDA _R0,X ; transfer four bytes over STA _RS,Y INY LDA _R0+1,X STA _RS,Y INY LDA _R0+2,X STA _RS,Y INY LDA _R0+3,X STA _RS,Y INY STY _RSI ; update register stack index RTS .) _POP .( ; POP r 3r Rr <- RS - pop from stack LDY _RSI ; get register stack index BNE _1 ; all good, something can be popped off the stack BRK ; next pop will cause a stack underflow, abort and call exception handler (TODO) _1 DEY ; transfer four bytes over LDA _RS,Y STA _R0+3,X DEY LDA _RS,Y STA _R0+2,X DEY LDA _RS,Y STA _R0+1,X DEY LDA _RS,Y STA _R0,X STY _RSI ; update register stack index RTS .) _EXC .( ; EXC r 4r Rr <-> RS - exchange Rr with stack LDY _RSI ; RS to I0 LDA _RS-1,Y STA _I0+3 LDA _RS-2,Y STA _I0+2 LDA _RS-3,Y STA _I0+1 LDA _RS-4,Y STA _I0 LDA _R0,X ; copy Rr to RS STA _RS-4,Y LDA _R0+1,X STA _RS-3,Y LDA _R0+2,X STA _RS-2,Y LDA _R0+3,X STA _RS-1,Y LDA _I0 ; copy I0 to Rr STA _R0,X LDA _I0+1 STA _R0+1,X LDA _I0+2 STA _R0+2,X LDA _I0+3 STA _R0+3,X RTS .) _ADDI0X .( ; add I0 to register indexed by X LDA _R0+3,X AND #_MSK_O ; check for existing overflow condition BEQ _1 EOR #_MSK_O BNE _2 ; existing overflow, skip decrement operation _1 CLC ; adding RD LDA _I0 ADC _R0,X STA _R0,X LDA _I0+1 ADC _R0+1,X STA _R0+1,X LDA _I0+2 ADC _R0+2,X STA _R0+2,X LDA _I0+3 ADC _R0+3,X STA _R0+3,X AND #_MSK_O ; check for overflow BEQ _3 EOR #_MSK_O BEQ _2 _2 LDA _F ; set overflow ORA #_F_O STA _F BNE _4 _3 LDA _F ; clear overflow AND #_F_O^$FF STA _F _4 RTS .) _INR .( ; INR r 5r Rr <- Rr + 1.0 - increment register LDA #0 ; set I0 to plus one STA _I0 LDA #_PLS_1 STA _I0+1 LDA #0 STA _I0+2 STA _I0+3 BEQ _ADDI0X .) _DCR .( ; DCR r 6r Rr <- Rr - 1.0 - decrement register LDA #0 ; set I0 to minus one STA _I0 LDA #_MNS_1 STA _I0+1 LDA #$FF STA _I0+2 STA _I0+3 BNE _ADDI0X .) _TST .( ; TST r 7r F <- Rr <=> 0.0 - test register LDA _F AND #_MSK_T ; clear TST bits STA _F LDA _R0+3,X ; check highest byte BMI _1 ; is negative ORA _R0+2,X ; could be positive or zero, OR with all other bytes ORA _R0+1,X ORA _R0,X BNE _2 ; is positive LDA #_F_Z ; set zero flag BNE _3 _1 LDA #_F_N ; set negative flag BNE _3 _2 LDA #_F_P ; set positive flag _3 ORA _F STA _F RTS .) _DEC .( ; DEC r 8r Rr <- dec(Rr) - convert Rr from hex aabbccdd to decimal ######.### RTS .) _HEX .( ; HEX r 9r Rr <- hex(Rr) - convert Rr from decimal ######.### to hex aabbccdd RTS .) _GETPQ .( ; sets X as p register and Y as q register, advances PC LDY #0 LDA (_PC),Y ; get source registers LSR LSR AND #_MSK_R ; p register TAX LDA (_PC),Y ASL ASL AND #_MSK_R ; q register TAY _2 INC _PCL ; advance PC BNE _3 INC _PCH _3 RTS .) _GETPQF .( ; sets X as p register and Y as q register, advances PC, checks for overflow in the operands JSR _GETPQ LDA _R0+3,X AND #_MSK_O ; check for existing overflow condition BEQ _1 ; sign and overflow are both clear EOR #_MSK_O BEQ _1 ; sign and overflow are both set BRK ; an operand is in an overflow condition, abort and call exception handler (TODO) _1 LDA _R0+3,Y AND #_MSK_O ; check for existing overflow condition BEQ _2 ; sign and overflow are both clear EOR #_MSK_O BEQ _2 ; sign and overflow are both set BRK ; an operand is in an overflow condition, abort and call exception handler (TODO) _2 RTS .) _ZERI0 .( ; clears I0 LDA #0 STA _I0 STA _I0+1 STA _I0+2 STA _I0+3 RTS .) _TRFI0X .( ; transfer I0 to register indexed by X, MSB returned in A LDA _I0 STA _R0,X LDA _I0+1 STA _R0+1,X LDA _I0+2 STA _R0+2,X LDA _I0+3 STA _R0+3,X RTS .) _RTZI0X .( ; clears I0, clears underflow, falls through to _RETI0X JSR _ZERI0 LDA _F ; clear underflow AND #_F_U^$FF STA _F .) _RETI0X .( ; pulls X, transfers I0 to register indexed by X, updates overflow flag PLA TAX JSR _TRFI0X ; transfer result to register indexed by X AND #_MSK_O ; check for overflow BEQ _1 EOR #_MSK_O BEQ _1 LDA _F ; set overflow ORA #_F_O STA _F BNE _2 _1 LDA _F ; clear overflow AND #_F_O^$FF STA _F _2 RTS .) _ADD .( ; ADD r pq ar pq Rr <- Rp + Rq - addition TXA PHA ; save r register for later JSR _GETPQF CLC ; set I0 to Rp + Rq LDA _R0,X ADC _R0,Y STA _I0 LDA _R0+1,X ADC _R0+1,Y STA _I0+1 LDA _R0+2,X ADC _R0+2,Y STA _I0+2 LDA _R0+3,X ADC _R0+3,Y STA _I0+3 JMP _RETI0X ; pull X, transfer I0 to r register, let it handle the return .) _SUB .( ; SUB r pq br pq Rr <- Rp - Rq - subtraction TXA PHA ; save r register for later JSR _GETPQF SEC ; set I0 to Rp - Rq LDA _R0,X SBC _R0,Y STA _I0 LDA _R0+1,X SBC _R0+1,Y STA _I0+1 LDA _R0+2,X SBC _R0+2,Y STA _I0+2 LDA _R0+3,X SBC _R0+3,Y STA _I0+3 JMP _RETI0X ; pull X, transfer I0 to r register, let it handle the return .) _NEGX .( ; negates register at X SEC LDA #0 SBC _R0,X STA _R0,X LDA #0 SBC _R0+1,X STA _R0+1,X LDA #0 SBC _R0+2,X STA _R0+2,X LDA #0 SBC _R0+3,X STA _R0+3,X RTS .) _ABSX .( ; sets register at X to absolute value LDA _R0+3,X BMI _NEGX RTS .) _BKRRD .( ; implement banker's rounding on quad-word pointed by X ; The logic table below shows the expected results. The only differences are ; when the least significant byte (LSB) is 128 and the second byte (2B) is even ; vs odd. ; ; LSB 2B CARRY LSB + 127 + C CARRY* DELTA 2B* ; <127 EVEN 0 <254 0 0 ; 127 EVEN 0 254 0 0 ; 128 EVEN 0 255 0 0 <- not rounding up ; 129 EVEN 0 0 1 +1 ; >129 EVEN 0 >0 1 +1 ; <127 ODD 1 <255 0 0 ; 127 ODD 1 255 0 0 ; 128 ODD 1 0 1 +1 <- rounding up ; 129 ODD 1 1 1 +1 ; >129 ODD 1 >1 1 +1 LDA _R0+1,X ROR ; will set carry if odd LDA _R0,X ADC #127 ; adding just less than half STA _R0,X BCC _1 INC _R0+1,X ; propagate through the rest BNE _1 INC _R0+2,X BNE _1 INC _R0+3,X BNE _1 INC _R1,X BNE _1 INC _R1+1,X BNE _1 INC _R1+2,X BNE _1 INC _R1+3,X _1 RTS .) _CPXI0 .( ; copy four bytes at X index to I0, returns MSB in A LDA _R0,X STA _I0 LDA _R0+1,X STA _I0+1 LDA _R0+2,X STA _I0+2 LDA _R0+3,X STA _I0+3 RTS .) _CPYI1 .( ; copy four bytes at Y index to I1, returns MSB in A LDA _R0,Y STA _I1 LDA _R0+1,Y STA _I1+1 LDA _R0+2,Y STA _I1+2 LDA _R0+3,Y STA _I1+3 RTS .) _RDXFI0 .( ; using X index, round quad-word, transfer to I0, set overflow in I0, set or clear the underflow flag JSR _BKRRD ; banker's rounding INX ; skip extra fraction JSR _CPXI0 ; copy to I0 AND #_MSK_O ; consider the overflow bits ORA _R1,X ; check all the other bytes ORA _R1+1,X ORA _R1+2,X BEQ _1 ; all zeroes means no overflow LDA _I0+3 ; overflow situation AND #_MSK_O^$FF ; set overflow ORA #_F_O STA _I0+3 _1 LDA _I0 ; check for underflow ORA _I0+1 ORA _I0+2 ORA _I0+3 BNE _2 ; non-zero result means no underflow LDA _F ; we checked earlier for zero operands, so a zero result means underflow, set underflow ORA #_F_U STA _F BNE _3 _2 LDA _F ; clear underflow AND #_F_U^$FF STA _F _3 RTS .) _MUL .( ; MUL r pq cr pq Rr <- Rp * Rq - multiplication TXA ; adapted from http://www.6502.org/source/integers/32muldiv.htm PHA ; save r register for later JSR _GETPQF LDA _R0,X ; check for zero argument ORA _R0+1,X ORA _R0+2,X ORA _R0+3,X BNE _1 ; p is non-zero JMP _RTZI0X ; p is zero, return zero _1 LDA _R0,Y ; check for zero argument ORA _R0+1,Y ORA _R0+2,Y ORA _R0+3,Y BNE _2 ; q is non-zero JMP _RTZI0X ; q is zero, return zero _2 LDA _R0+3,X EOR _R0+3,Y AND #_MSK_O ; save sign of product PHA JSR _CPXI0 ; transfer p to I0 JSR _CPYI1 ; transfer q to I1 LDX #_I0-_R0 JSR _ABSX ; set to absolute value LDX #_I1-_R0 JSR _ABSX ; set to absolute value LDA #0 STA _I3 ; clear upper half of product in I3 STA _I3+1 STA _I3+2 STA _I3+3 LDY #34 ; thirty bit multiply and four bit shift to ensure product is aligned _3 LSR _I1+3 ; get lowest bit of operand ROR _I1+2 ROR _I1+1 ROR _I1 BCC _4 ; skip adding in product if bit is zero CLC LDA _I3 ; add in p register ADC _I0 STA _I3 LDA _I3+1 ADC _I0+1 STA _I3+1 LDA _I3+2 ADC _I0+2 STA _I3+2 LDA _I3+3 ADC _I0+3 STA _I3+3 _4 LSR _I3+3 ; shift the product down ROR _I3+2 ROR _I3+1 ROR _I3 ROR _I2+3 ROR _I2+2 ROR _I2+1 ROR _I2 DEY BNE _3 ; repeat until bits are done LDX #_I2-_R0 JSR _RDXFI0 ; round and transfer to I0, set or clear underflow flag PLA ; set the sign of the product BEQ _5 LDX #_I0-_R0 ; negate I0 JSR _NEGX _5 JMP _RETI0X ; pull X, transfer I0 to r register, let it handle the return .) _ZERQX .( ; zero quad-word (64 bits) at X LDA #0 STA _R0,X STA _R0+1,X STA _R0+2,X STA _R0+3,X STA _R0+4,X STA _R0+5,X STA _R0+6,X STA _R0+7,X RTS .) _INIDM .( ; initialize for DIV and MOD, returns sign of result in A JSR _GETPQF LDA _R0,X ; check for zero argument ORA _R0+1,X ORA _R0+2,X ORA _R0+3,X BNE _1 ; p is non-zero JMP _RTZI0X ; p is zero, return zero _1 LDA _R0,Y ; check for zero argument ORA _R0+1,Y ORA _R0+2,Y ORA _R0+3,Y BNE _2 ; q is non-zero BRK ; q is zero, abort and call exception handler (TODO) ; I0 / I1 will form 64-bit quantity with high order bytes I1 as zero _2 JSR _CPXI0 ; copy p to I0 LDX #_I1-_R0 JSR _ZERQX ; I2 / I3 will form 64-bit quantity with low order bytes I2 as zero LDA _R0,Y ; copy q to I3 STA _I3 LDA _R0+1,Y STA _I3+1 LDA _R0+2,Y STA _I3+2 LDA _R0+3,Y STA _I3+3 ; I4 / I5 will form 64-bit result for DIV LDX #_I4-_R0 JSR _ZERQX LDA _I0+3 ; get sign of result EOR _I3+3 AND #_MSK_O RTS .) _CPQXDM .( ; compare I0/I1 to quadword pointed by X, return result in status LDA _I1+3 CMP _R1+3,X BCC _1 ; definitely less BNE _1 ; definitely greater LDA _I1+2 CMP _R1+2,X BCC _1 ; definitely less BNE _1 ; definitely greater LDA _I1+1 CMP _R1+1,X BCC _1 ; definitely less BNE _1 ; definitely greater LDA _I1 CMP _R1,X BCC _1 ; definitely less BNE _1 ; definitely greater LDA _I0+3 CMP _R0+3,X BCC _1 ; definitely less BNE _1 ; definitely greater LDA _I0+2 CMP _R0+2,X BCC _1 ; definitely less BNE _1 ; definitely greater LDA _I0+1 CMP _R0+1,X BCC _1 ; definitely less BNE _1 ; definitely greater LDA _I0 CMP _R0,X _1 RTS .) _UPDDM .( ; update DIV and MOD SEC ; I0/I1 -= I2/I3 LDA _I0 SBC _I2 STA _I0 LDA _I0+1 SBC _I2+1 STA _I0+1 LDA _I0+2 SBC _I2+2 STA _I0+2 LDA _I0+3 SBC _I2+3 STA _I0+3 LDA _I1 SBC _I3 STA _I1 LDA _I1+1 SBC _I3+1 STA _I1+1 LDA _I1+2 SBC _I3+2 STA _I1+2 LDA _I1+3 SBC _I3+3 STA _I1+3 RTS .) _SHUDM .( ; shift up for DIV and MOD, C should be set or cleared as required ROL _I4 ; I4/I5 *= 2 ROL _I4+1 ROL _I4+2 ROL _I4+3 ROL _I5 ROL _I5+1 ROL _I5+2 ROL _I5+3 RTS .) _SHDDM .( ; shift down for DIV and MOD CLC ; I2/I3 /= 2 ROR _I3+3 ROR _I3+2 ROR _I3+1 ROR _I3 ROR _I2+3 ROR _I2+2 ROR _I2+1 ROR _I2 RTS .) _DIV .( ; DIV r pq dr pq Rr <- Rp / Rq - division TXA PHA ; save r register for later JSR _INIDM ; initialize PHA ; save sign of result LDX #_I0-_R0 ; absolute value of register p saved in I0 JSR _ABSX LDX #_I3-_R0 ; absolute value of register q saved in I3 JSR _ABSX LDY #51 ; 51 bits are enough, and ensure alignment _1 LDX #_I2-_R0 ; is I0/I1 < I2/I3 JSR _CPQXDM BCC _2 ; yes, skip subtraction BEQ _4 ; special case when p = q JSR _UPDDM ; I0/I1 -= I2/I3 _2 JSR _SHUDM ; I4/I5 *= 2 += CARRY JSR _SHDDM ; I2/I3 /= 2 DEY BNE _1 BEQ _5 _3 CLC ; special case when p = q, just shift up to the end _4 JSR _SHUDM ; I4/I5 *= 2 += CARRY DEY BNE _3 _5 LDX #_I4-_R0 JSR _RDXFI0 ; round and transfer to I0, set or clear underflow flag PLA ; set the sign of the product BEQ _6 LDX #_I0-_R0 ; negate I0 JSR _NEGX _6 JMP _RETI0X ; pull X, transfer I0 to r register, let it handle the return .) _MOD .( ; MOD r pq er pq Rr <- Rp % Rq - modulus TXA PHA ; save r register for later JSR _INIDM ; initialize PHA ; save sign of result LDX #_I0-_R0 ; absolute value of register p saved in I0 JSR _ABSX LDX #_I3-_R0 ; absolute value of register q saved in I3 JSR _ABSX LDA _I3 ; copy |q| in I3 to I4 STA _I4 LDA _I3+1 STA _I4+1 LDA _I3+2 STA _I4+2 LDA _I3+3 STA _I4+3 LDY #34 ; 34 shifts are enough _1 LDX #_I4-_R0 ; is I0/I1 < I4/I5? JSR _CPQXDM BCC _3 ; yes, all done LDX #_I2-_R0 ; is I0/I1 < I2/I3 JSR _CPQXDM BCC _2 ; yes, skip subtraction JSR _UPDDM ; I0/I1 -= I2/I3 _2 JSR _SHDDM ; I2/I3 /= 2 DEY BNE _1 _3 LDA _F ; clear underflow AND #_F_U^$FF STA _F PLA ; set the sign of the product BEQ _4 LDX #_I0-_R0 ; negate I0 JSR _NEGX _4 JMP _RETI0X ; pull X, transfer I0 to r register, let it handle the return .) _ESC .( ; ESC 00 - escape back into regular assembler PLA ; discard the COMMON _1 return address PLA JSR _RES ; restore the registers JMP (_PC) ; get back in the code .) _RTN .( ; RTN 01 - return from subroutine RTS .) _BRS .( ; BRS xxyy 02 yy xx PC <- PC + xxyy - branch to subroutine RTS .) _BRA .( ; BRA xxyy 03 yy xx PC <- PC + xxyy - branch always RTS .) _BRX .( ; generic branch testing AND _F ; check the bit BNE _BRA ; if set, branch CLC ; not set, advance the program counter over the xxyy offset LDA #2 ADC _PCL STA _PCL LDA #0 ADC _PCH STA _PCH RTS .) _BRE .( ; BRE xxyy 04 yy xx PC <- PC + xxyy - branch if Rp = Rq (after CMP) LDA #_F_E BNE _BRX .) _BRG .( ; BRG xxyy 05 yy xx PC <- PC + xxyy - branch if Rp > Rq (after CMP) LDA #_F_G BNE _BRX .) _BRL .( ; BRL xxyy 06 yy xx PC <- PC + xxyy - branch if Rp < Rq (after CMP) LDA #_F_L BNE _BRX .) _BRZ .( ; BRZ xxyy 07 yy xx PC <- PC + xxyy - branch if Rr = 0.0 (after TST) LDA #_F_Z BNE _BRX .) _BRP .( ; BRP xxyy 08 yy xx PC <- PC + xxyy - branch if Rr > 0.0 (after TST) LDA #_F_P BNE _BRX .) _BRN .( ; BRN xxyy 09 yy xx PC <- PC + xxyy - branch if Rr < 0.0 (after TST) LDA #_F_N BNE _BRX .) _BRO .( ; BRO xxyy 0a yy xx PC <- PC + xxyy - branch if overflow (after arithmetic operations) LDA #_F_O BNE _BRX .) _BRU .( ; BRU xxyy 0b yy xx PC <- PC + xxyy - branch if underflow (after arithmetic operations) LDA #_F_U BNE _BRX .) _CPR .( ; CPR pq 0c pq Rp <- Rq - copy register JSR _GETPQ LDA _R0,Y ; transfer q to p STA _R0,X LDA _R0+1,Y STA _R0+1,X LDA _R0+2,Y STA _R0+2,X LDA _R0+3,Y STA _R0+3,X RTS .) _INILS .( ; common initialization for LDI and SVI JSR _CPYI1 ; copy q to I1 CLC ; shift to get an address ROR _I1+3 ROR _I1+2 ROR _I1+1 CLC ROR _I1+3 ROR _I1+2 ROR _I1+1 RTS .) _LDI .( ; LDI pq 0d pq Rp <- (Rq:bbcc) - load indirect from memory JSR _GETPQ JSR _INILS LDY #0 ; transfer LDA (_I1+1),Y STA _R0,X INY LDA (_I1+1),Y STA _R0+1,X INY LDA (_I1+1),Y STA _R0+2,X INY LDA (_I1+1),Y STA _R0+3,X RTS .) _SVI .( ; SVI pq 0e pq (Rp:bbcc) <- Rq - save indirect to memory JSR _GETPQ TXA ; swap X and Y PHA ; X on stack TYA TAX ; X becomes Y PLA TAY ; pull Y (was X) JSR _INILS LDY #0 ; transfer LDA _R0,X STA (_I1+1),Y INY LDA _R0+1,X STA (_I1+1),Y INY LDA _R0+2,X STA (_I1+1),Y INY LDA _R0+3,X STA (_I1+1),Y RTS .) _CMR .( ; CMR pq 0f pq F <- Rp <=> Rq - compare registers RTS .) _END_CMN_CD ; ROM data header .WORD CMN_DT, _END_CMN_DT - CMN_DT ; beginning of ROM data * = CMN_DT FN_0X .WORD _ESC-1, _RTN-1, _BRS-1, _BRA-1, _BRE-1, _BRG-1, _BRL-1, _BRZ-1, .WORD _BRP-1, _BRN-1, _BRO-1, _BRU-1, _CPR-1, _LDI-1, _SVI-1, _CMR-1 FN_XR .WORD _SET-1, _POP-1, _PSH-1, _EXC-1, _INR-1, _DCR-1, _TST-1, .WORD _DEC-1, _HEX-1, _ADD-1, _SUB-1, _MUL-1, _DIV-1, _MOD-1 _END_CMN_DT ; 6502 addresses .WORD ADDR, 6 ; 6502 NMI, Reset and IRQ * = $FFFA ADDR .WORD 0, _INI, 0