EightBitNet/Z80/Z80.cs

// <copyright file="Z80.cs" company="Adrian Conlon">
// Copyright (c) Adrian Conlon. All rights reserved.
// </copyright>

namespace EightBit
{
    using System;

    public class Z80 : IntelProcessor
    {
        private readonly InputOutput ports;

        private readonly Register16[] accumulatorFlags = new Register16[2];
        private readonly Register16[,] registers = new Register16[2, 3];

        private RefreshRegister refresh = new RefreshRegister(0x7f);

        private bool prefixCB = false;
        private bool prefixDD = false;
        private bool prefixED = false;
        private bool prefixFD = false;

        private PinLevel nmiLine = PinLevel.Low;
        private PinLevel m1Line = PinLevel.Low;

        private int accumulatorFlagsSet = 0;

        private int registerSet = 0;

        private Register16 ix = new Register16(0xffff);
        private Register16 iy = new Register16(0xffff);

        private sbyte displacement = 0;
        private bool displaced = false;

        public Z80(Bus bus, InputOutput ports)
        : base(bus)
        {
            this.ports = ports;
        }

        public event EventHandler<EventArgs> ExecutingInstruction;

        public event EventHandler<EventArgs> ExecutedInstruction;

        public event EventHandler<EventArgs> RaisingNMI;

        public event EventHandler<EventArgs> RaisedNMI;

        public event EventHandler<EventArgs> LoweringNMI;

        public event EventHandler<EventArgs> LoweredNMI;

        public event EventHandler<EventArgs> RaisingM1;

        public event EventHandler<EventArgs> RaisedM1;

        public event EventHandler<EventArgs> LoweringM1;

        public event EventHandler<EventArgs> LoweredM1;

        public byte IV { get; set; } = 0xff;

        public int IM { get; set; } = 0;

        public bool IFF1 { get; set; } = false;

        public bool IFF2 { get; set; } = false;

        private ushort DisplacedAddress
        {
            get
            {
                var returned = (this.prefixDD ? this.IX() : this.IY()).Word + this.displacement;
                return this.MEMPTR().Word = (ushort)returned;
            }
        }

        public override ref Register16 AF() => ref this.accumulatorFlags[this.accumulatorFlagsSet];

        public override ref Register16 BC() => ref this.registers[this.registerSet, (int)RegisterIndex.IndexBC];

        public override ref Register16 DE() => ref this.registers[this.registerSet, (int)RegisterIndex.IndexDE];

        public override ref Register16 HL() => ref this.registers[this.registerSet, (int)RegisterIndex.IndexHL];

        public ref Register16 IX() => ref this.ix;

        public ref byte IXH() => ref this.IX().High;

        public ref byte IXL() => ref this.IX().Low;

        public ref Register16 IY() => ref this.iy;

        public ref byte IYH() => ref this.IY().High;

        public ref byte IYL() => ref this.IY().Low;

        public ref RefreshRegister REFRESH() => ref this.refresh;

        public ref PinLevel NMI() => ref this.nmiLine;

        public ref PinLevel M1() => ref this.m1Line;

        public void Exx() => this.registerSet ^= 1;

        public void ExxAF() => this.accumulatorFlagsSet ^= 1;

        public override void RaisePOWER()
        {
            base.RaisePOWER();

            this.RaiseM1();

            this.DisableInterrupts();
            this.IM = 0;

            this.REFRESH() = new RefreshRegister(0);
            this.IV = (byte)Mask.Mask8;

            this.ExxAF();
            this.AF().Word = (ushort)Mask.Mask16;

            this.Exx();
            this.IX().Word = this.IY().Word = this.BC().Word = this.DE().Word = this.HL().Word = (ushort)Mask.Mask16;

            this.prefixCB = this.prefixDD = this.prefixED = this.prefixFD = false;
        }

        public virtual void RaiseNMI()
        {
            this.OnRaisingNMI();
            this.NMI().Raise();
            this.OnRaisedNMI();
        }

        public virtual void LowerNMI()
        {
            this.OnLoweringNMI();
            this.NMI().Lower();
            this.OnLoweredNMI();
        }

        public virtual void RaiseM1()
        {
            this.OnRaisingM1();
            this.M1().Raise();
            this.OnRaisedM1();
        }

        public virtual void LowerM1()
        {
            this.OnLoweringM1();
            this.M1().Lower();
            this.OnLoweredM1();
        }

        public override int Execute()
        {
            if (!(this.prefixCB && this.displaced))
            {
                ++this.REFRESH();
                this.RaiseM1();
            }

            var decoded = this.GetDecodedOpCode(this.OpCode);

            var x = decoded.X;
            var y = decoded.Y;
            var z = decoded.Z;

            var p = decoded.P;
            var q = decoded.Q;

            var prefixed = this.prefixCB || this.prefixED;
            if (prefixed)
            {
                if (this.prefixCB)
                {
                    this.ExecuteCB(x, y, z);
                }
                else if (this.prefixED)
                {
                    this.ExecuteED(x, y, z, p, q);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                this.ExecuteOther(x, y, z, p, q);
            }

            return this.Cycles;
        }

        public override int Step()
        {
            this.ResetCycles();
            this.OnExecutingInstruction();
            if (this.Powered)
            {
                this.displaced = this.prefixCB = this.prefixDD = this.prefixED = this.prefixFD = false;
                this.LowerM1();
                if (this.RESET().Lowered())
                {
                    this.HandleRESET();
                }
                else if (this.NMI().Lowered())
                {
                    this.HandleNMI();
                }
                else if (this.INT().Lowered())
                {
                    this.HandleINT();
                }
                else if (this.Halted)
                {
                    this.Execute(0); // NOP
                }
                else
                {
                    this.Execute(this.FetchByte());
                }
            }

            this.OnExecutedInstruction();
            return this.Cycles;
        }

        protected virtual void OnExecutingInstruction() => this.ExecutingInstruction?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);

        protected virtual void OnExecutedInstruction() => this.ExecutedInstruction?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);

        protected virtual void OnRaisingNMI() => this.RaisingNMI?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);

        protected virtual void OnRaisedNMI() => this.RaisedNMI?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);

        protected virtual void OnLoweringNMI() => this.LoweringNMI?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);

        protected virtual void OnLoweredNMI() => this.LoweredNMI?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);

        protected virtual void OnRaisingM1() => this.RaisingM1?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);

        protected virtual void OnRaisedM1() => this.RaisedM1?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);

        protected virtual void OnLoweringM1() => this.LoweringM1?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);

        protected virtual void OnLoweredM1() => this.LoweredM1?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);

        protected override void HandleRESET()
        {
            base.HandleRESET();
            this.DisableInterrupts();
            this.Tick(3);
        }

        protected override void HandleINT()
        {
            base.HandleINT();
            this.RaiseHALT();
            if (this.IFF1)
            {
                this.DisableInterrupts();
                switch (this.IM)
                {
                    case 0: // i8080 equivalent
                        this.Execute(this.Bus.Data);
                        break;
                    case 1:
                        this.Restart(7 << 3);
                        this.Tick(13);
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        this.Call(this.MEMPTR() = new Register16(this.Bus.Data, this.IV));
                        this.Tick(19);
                        break;
                    default:
                        throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid interrupt mode");
                }
            }
        }

        private static byte SetFlag(byte f, StatusBits flag) => SetFlag(f, (byte)flag);

        private static byte SetFlag(byte f, StatusBits flag, int condition) => SetFlag(f, (byte)flag, condition);

        private static byte SetFlag(byte f, StatusBits flag, bool condition) => SetFlag(f, (byte)flag, condition);

        private static byte ClearFlag(byte f, StatusBits flag) => ClearFlag(f, (byte)flag);

        private static byte ClearFlag(byte f, StatusBits flag, int condition) => ClearFlag(f, (byte)flag, condition);

        private static byte ClearFlag(byte f, StatusBits flag, bool condition) => ClearFlag(f, (byte)flag, condition);

        private static byte AdjustSign(byte input, byte value)
        {
            return SetFlag(input, StatusBits.SF, value & (byte)StatusBits.SF);
        }

        private static byte AdjustZero(byte input, byte value)
        {
            return ClearFlag(input, StatusBits.ZF, value);
        }

        private static byte AdjustParity(byte input, byte value)
        {
            return SetFlag(input, StatusBits.PF, EvenParity(value));
        }

        private static byte AdjustSZ(byte input, byte value)
        {
            input = AdjustSign(input, value);
            return AdjustZero(input, value);
        }

        private static byte AdjustSZP(byte input, byte value)
        {
            input = AdjustSZ(input, value);
            return AdjustParity(input, value);
        }

        private static byte AdjustXY(byte input, byte value)
        {
            input = SetFlag(input, StatusBits.XF, value & (byte)StatusBits.XF);
            return SetFlag(input, StatusBits.YF, value & (byte)StatusBits.YF);
        }

        private static byte AdjustSZPXY(byte input, byte value)
        {
            input = AdjustSZP(input, value);
            return AdjustXY(input, value);
        }

        private static byte AdjustSZXY(byte input, byte value)
        {
            input = AdjustSZ(input, value);
            return AdjustXY(input, value);
        }

        private static byte AdjustHalfCarryAdd(byte input, byte before, byte value, int calculation)
        {
            return SetFlag(input, StatusBits.HC, CalculateHalfCarryAdd(before, value, calculation));
        }

        private static byte AdjustHalfCarrySub(byte input, byte before, byte value, int calculation)
        {
            return SetFlag(input, StatusBits.HC, CalculateHalfCarrySub(before, value, calculation));
        }

        private static byte AdjustOverflowAdd(byte input, int beforeNegative, int valueNegative, int afterNegative)
        {
            var overflow = (beforeNegative == valueNegative) && (beforeNegative != afterNegative);
            return SetFlag(input, StatusBits.VF, overflow);
        }

        private static byte AdjustOverflowAdd(byte input, byte before, byte value, byte calculation)
        {
            return AdjustOverflowAdd(input, before & (byte)StatusBits.SF, value & (byte)StatusBits.SF, calculation & (byte)StatusBits.SF);
        }

        private static byte AdjustOverflowSub(byte input, int beforeNegative, int valueNegative, int afterNegative)
        {
            var overflow = (beforeNegative != valueNegative) && (beforeNegative != afterNegative);
            return SetFlag(input, StatusBits.VF, overflow);
        }

        private static byte AdjustOverflowSub(byte input, byte before, byte value, byte calculation)
        {
            return AdjustOverflowSub(input, before & (byte)StatusBits.SF, value & (byte)StatusBits.SF, calculation & (byte)StatusBits.SF);
        }

        private static byte RES(int n, byte operand)
        {
            return (byte)(operand & ~(1 << n));
        }

        private static byte SET(int n, byte operand)
        {
            return (byte)(operand | (1 << n));
        }

        private void DisableInterrupts() => this.IFF1 = this.IFF2 = false;

        private void EnableInterrupts() => this.IFF1 = this.IFF2 = true;

        private ref Register16 HL2()
        {
            if (!this.displaced)
            {
                return ref this.HL();
            }

            if (this.prefixDD)
            {
                return ref this.IX();
            }

            // Must be FD prefix
            return ref this.IY();
        }

        private ref Register16 RP(int rp)
        {
            switch (rp)
            {
                case 0:
                    return ref this.BC();
                case 1:
                    return ref this.DE();
                case 2:
                    return ref this.HL2();
                case 3:
                    return ref this.SP();
                default:
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(rp));
            }
        }

        private ref Register16 RP2(int rp)
        {
            switch (rp)
            {
                case 0:
                    return ref this.BC();
                case 1:
                    return ref this.DE();
                case 2:
                    return ref this.HL2();
                case 3:
                    return ref this.AF();
                default:
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(rp));
            }
        }

        private byte R(int r)
        {
            switch (r)
            {
                case 0:
                    return this.B();
                case 1:
                    return this.C();
                case 2:
                    return this.D();
                case 3:
                    return this.E();
                case 4:
                    return this.HL2().High;
                case 5:
                    return this.HL2().Low;
                case 6:
                    return this.Bus.Read(this.displaced ? this.DisplacedAddress : this.HL().Word);
                case 7:
                    return this.A();
                default:
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(r));
            }
        }

        private void R(int r, byte value)
        {
            switch (r)
            {
                case 0:
                    this.B() = value;
                    break;
                case 1:
                    this.C() = value;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    this.D() = value;
                    break;
                case 3:
                    this.E() = value;
                    break;
                case 4:
                    this.HL2().High = value;
                    break;
                case 5:
                    this.HL2().Low = value;
                    break;
                case 6:
                    this.Bus.Write(this.displaced ? this.DisplacedAddress : this.HL().Word, value);
                    break;
                case 7:
                    this.A() = value;
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(r));
            }
        }

        private void R2(int r, byte value)
        {
            switch (r)
            {
                case 0:
                    this.B() = value;
                    break;
                case 1:
                    this.C() = value;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    this.D() = value;
                    break;
                case 3:
                    this.E() = value;
                    break;
                case 4:
                    this.H() = value;
                    break;
                case 5:
                    this.L() = value;
                    break;
                case 6:
                    this.Bus.Write(this.HL(), value);
                    break;
                case 7:
                    this.A() = value;
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(r));
            }
        }

        private void ExecuteCB(int x, int y, int z)
        {
            var memoryY = y == 6;
            var memoryZ = z == 6;
            var indirect = (!this.displaced && memoryZ) || this.displaced;
            var direct = !indirect;
            var operand = !this.displaced ? this.R(z) : this.Bus.Read(this.DisplacedAddress);
            var update = x != 1; // BIT does not update
            switch (x)
            {
                case 0: // rot[y] r[z]
                    switch (y)
                    {
                        case 0:
                            operand = this.RLC(operand);
                            break;
                        case 1:
                            operand = this.RRC(operand);
                            break;
                        case 2:
                            operand = this.RL(operand);
                            break;
                        case 3:
                            operand = this.RR(operand);
                            break;
                        case 4:
                            operand = this.SLA(operand);
                            break;
                        case 5:
                            operand = this.SRA(operand);
                            break;
                        case 6:
                            operand = this.SLL(operand);
                            break;
                        case 7:
                            operand = this.SRL(operand);
                            break;
                        default:
                            throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                    }

                    this.F() = AdjustSZP(this.F(), operand);
                    this.Tick(8);
                    break;
                case 1: // BIT y, r[z]
                    this.Tick(8);
                    this.BIT(y, operand);
                    if (direct)
                    {
                        this.F() = AdjustXY(this.F(), operand);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        this.F() = AdjustXY(this.F(), this.MEMPTR().High);
                        this.Tick(4);
                    }

                    break;
                case 2: // RES y, r[z]
                    this.Tick(8);
                    operand = RES(y, operand);
                    break;
                case 3: // SET y, r[z]
                    this.Tick(8);
                    operand = SET(y, operand);
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
            }

            if (update)
            {
                if (!this.displaced)
                {
                    this.R(z, operand);
                    if (memoryZ)
                    {
                        this.Tick(7);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    this.Bus.Write(operand);
                    this.R2(z, operand);
                    this.Tick(15);
                }
            }
        }

        private void ExecuteED(int x, int y, int z, int p, int q)
        {
            var memoryY = y == 6;
            var memoryZ = z == 6;
            switch (x)
            {
                case 0:
                case 3: // Invalid instruction, equivalent to NONI followed by NOP
                    this.Tick(8);
                    break;
                case 1:
                    switch (z)
                    {
                        case 0: // Input from port with 16-bit address
                            this.MEMPTR() = this.Bus.Address() = this.BC();
                            this.MEMPTR()++;
                            this.ReadPort();
                            if (y != 6)
                            {
                                this.R(y, this.Bus.Data); // IN r[y],(C)
                            }

                            this.F() = AdjustSZPXY(this.F(), this.Bus.Data);
                            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF | StatusBits.HC);
                            this.Tick(12);
                            break;
                        case 1: // Output to port with 16-bit address
                            this.MEMPTR() = this.Bus.Address() = this.BC();
                            this.MEMPTR()++;
                            if (y != 6)
                            {
                                this.Bus.Data = this.R(y); // OUT (C),r[y]
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                this.Bus.Data = 0; // OUT (C),0
                            }

                            this.WritePort();
                            this.Tick(12);
                            break;
                        case 2: // 16-bit add/subtract with carry
                            switch (q)
                            {
                                case 0: // SBC HL, rp[p]
                                    this.SBC(this.RP(p));
                                    break;
                                case 1: // ADC HL, rp[p]
                                    this.ADC(this.RP(p));
                                    break;
                                default:
                                    throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                            }

                            this.Tick(15);
                            break;
                        case 3: // Retrieve/store register pair from/to immediate address
                            this.Bus.Address() = this.FetchWord();
                            switch (q)
                            {
                                case 0: // LD (nn), rp[p]
                                    this.SetWord(this.RP(p));
                                    break;
                                case 1: // LD rp[p], (nn)
                                    this.RP(p) = this.GetWord();
                                    break;
                                default:
                                    throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                            }

                            this.Tick(20);
                            break;
                        case 4: // Negate accumulator
                            this.NEG();
                            this.Tick(8);
                            break;
                        case 5: // Return from interrupt
                            switch (y)
                            {
                                case 1:
                                    this.RetI(); // RETI
                                    break;
                                default:
                                    this.RetN(); // RETN
                                    break;
                            }

                            this.Tick(14);
                            break;
                        case 6: // Set interrupt mode
                            switch (y)
                            {
                                case 0:
                                case 1:
                                case 4:
                                case 5:
                                    this.IM = 0;
                                    break;
                                case 2:
                                case 6:
                                    this.IM = 1;
                                    break;
                                case 3:
                                case 7:
                                    this.IM = 2;
                                    break;
                                default:
                                    throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                            }

                            this.Tick(8);
                            break;
                        case 7: // Assorted ops
                            switch (y)
                            {
                                case 0: // LD I,A
                                    this.IV = this.A();
                                    this.Tick(9);
                                    break;
                                case 1: // LD R,A
                                    this.REFRESH() = this.A();
                                    this.Tick(9);
                                    break;
                                case 2: // LD A,I
                                    this.F() = AdjustSZXY(this.F(), this.A() = this.IV);
                                    this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF | StatusBits.HC);
                                    this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.PF, this.IFF2);
                                    this.Tick(9);
                                    break;
                                case 3: // LD A,R
                                    this.F() = AdjustSZXY(this.F(), this.A() = this.REFRESH());
                                    this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF | StatusBits.HC);
                                    this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.PF, this.IFF2);
                                    this.Tick(9);
                                    break;
                                case 4: // RRD
                                    this.RRD();
                                    this.Tick(18);
                                    break;
                                case 5: // RLD
                                    this.RLD();
                                    this.Tick(18);
                                    break;
                                case 6: // NOP
                                case 7: // NOP
                                    this.Tick(4);
                                    break;
                                default:
                                    throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                            }

                            break;
                        default:
                            throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                    }

                    break;
                case 2:
                    switch (z)
                    {
                        case 0: // LD
                            switch (y)
                            {
                                case 4: // LDI
                                    this.LDI();
                                    break;
                                case 5: // LDD
                                    this.LDD();
                                    break;
                                case 6: // LDIR
                                    if (this.LDIR())
                                    {
                                        this.MEMPTR() = --this.PC();
                                        --this.PC();
                                        this.Tick(5);
                                    }

                                    break;
                                case 7: // LDDR
                                    if (this.LDDR())
                                    {
                                        this.MEMPTR() = --this.PC();
                                        --this.PC();
                                        this.Tick(5);
                                    }

                                    break;
                            }

                            break;
                        case 1: // CP
                            switch (y)
                            {
                                case 4: // CPI
                                    this.CPI();
                                    break;
                                case 5: // CPD
                                    this.CPD();
                                    break;
                                case 6: // CPIR
                                    if (this.CPIR())
                                    {
                                        this.MEMPTR() = --this.PC();
                                        --this.PC();
                                        this.Tick(5);
                                    }

                                    break;
                                case 7: // CPDR
                                    if (this.CPDR())
                                    {
                                        this.MEMPTR() = --this.PC();
                                        --this.PC();
                                        this.Tick(5);
                                    }
                                    else
                                    {
                                        this.MEMPTR().Word = (ushort)(this.PC().Word - 2);
                                    }

                                    break;
                            }

                            break;
                        case 2: // IN
                            switch (y)
                            {
                                case 4: // INI
                                    this.INI();
                                    break;
                                case 5: // IND
                                    this.IND();
                                    break;
                                case 6: // INIR
                                    if (this.INIR())
                                    {
                                        this.PC().Word -= 2;
                                        this.Tick(5);
                                    }

                                    break;
                                case 7: // INDR
                                    if (this.INDR())
                                    {
                                        this.PC().Word -= 2;
                                        this.Tick(5);
                                    }

                                    break;
                            }

                            break;
                        case 3: // OUT
                            switch (y)
                            {
                                case 4: // OUTI
                                    this.OUTI();
                                    break;
                                case 5: // OUTD
                                    this.OUTD();
                                    break;
                                case 6: // OTIR
                                    if (this.OTIR())
                                    {
                                        this.PC().Word -= 2;
                                        this.Tick(5);
                                    }

                                    break;
                                case 7: // OTDR
                                    if (this.OTDR())
                                    {
                                        this.PC().Word -= 2;
                                        this.Tick(5);
                                    }

                                    break;
                            }

                            break;
                    }

                    this.Tick(16);
                    break;
            }
        }

        private void ExecuteOther(int x, int y, int z, int p, int q)
        {
            var memoryY = y == 6;
            var memoryZ = z == 6;
            switch (x)
            {
                case 0:
                    switch (z)
                    {
                        case 0: // Relative jumps and assorted ops
                            switch (y)
                            {
                                case 0: // NOP
                                    this.Tick(4);
                                    break;
                                case 1: // EX AF AF'
                                    this.ExxAF();
                                    this.Tick(4);
                                    break;
                                case 2: // DJNZ d
                                    if (this.JumpRelativeConditional(--this.B() != 0))
                                    {
                                        this.Tick(5);
                                    }

                                    this.Tick(8);
                                    break;
                                case 3: // JR d
                                    this.JumpRelative((sbyte)this.FetchByte());
                                    this.Tick(12);
                                    break;
                                case 4: // JR cc,d
                                case 5:
                                case 6:
                                case 7:
                                    if (this.JumpRelativeConditionalFlag(y - 4))
                                    {
                                        this.Tick(5);
                                    }

                                    this.Tick(5);
                                    break;
                                default:
                                    throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                            }

                            break;
                        case 1: // 16-bit load immediate/add
                            switch (q)
                            {
                                case 0: // LD rp,nn
                                    this.RP(p) = this.FetchWord();
                                    this.Tick(10);
                                    break;
                                case 1: // ADD HL,rp
                                    this.Add(this.RP(p));
                                    this.Tick(11);
                                    break;
                                default:
                                    throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                            }

                            break;
                        case 2: // Indirect loading
                            switch (q)
                            {
                                case 0:
                                    switch (p)
                                    {
                                        case 0: // LD (BC),A
                                            this.MEMPTR() = this.Bus.Address() = this.BC();
                                            this.MEMPTR()++;
                                            this.MEMPTR().High = this.Bus.Data = this.A();
                                            this.Bus.Write();
                                            this.Tick(7);
                                            break;
                                        case 1: // LD (DE),A
                                            this.MEMPTR() = this.Bus.Address() = this.DE();
                                            this.MEMPTR()++;
                                            this.MEMPTR().High = this.Bus.Data = this.A();
                                            this.Bus.Write();
                                            this.Tick(7);
                                            break;
                                        case 2: // LD (nn),HL
                                            this.Bus.Address() = this.FetchWord();
                                            this.SetWord(this.HL2());
                                            this.Tick(16);
                                            break;
                                        case 3: // LD (nn),A
                                            this.MEMPTR() = this.Bus.Address() = this.FetchWord();
                                            this.MEMPTR()++;
                                            this.MEMPTR().High = this.Bus.Data = this.A();
                                            this.Bus.Write();
                                            this.Tick(13);
                                            break;
                                        default:
                                            throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                                    }

                                    break;
                                case 1:
                                    switch (p)
                                    {
                                        case 0: // LD A,(BC)
                                            this.MEMPTR() = this.Bus.Address() = this.BC();
                                            this.MEMPTR()++;
                                            this.A() = this.Bus.Read();
                                            this.Tick(7);
                                            break;
                                        case 1: // LD A,(DE)
                                            this.MEMPTR() = this.Bus.Address() = this.DE();
                                            this.MEMPTR()++;
                                            this.A() = this.Bus.Read();
                                            this.Tick(7);
                                            break;
                                        case 2: // LD HL,(nn)
                                            this.Bus.Address() = this.FetchWord();
                                            this.HL2() = this.GetWord();
                                            this.Tick(16);
                                            break;
                                        case 3: // LD A,(nn)
                                            this.MEMPTR() = this.Bus.Address() = this.FetchWord();
                                            this.MEMPTR()++;
                                            this.A() = this.Bus.Read();
                                            this.Tick(13);
                                            break;
                                        default:
                                            throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                                    }

                                    break;
                                default:
                                    throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                            }

                            break;
                        case 3: // 16-bit INC/DEC
                            switch (q)
                            {
                                case 0: // INC rp
                                    ++this.RP(p);
                                    break;
                                case 1: // DEC rp
                                    --this.RP(p);
                                    break;
                                default:
                                    throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                            }

                            this.Tick(6);
                            break;
                        case 4: // 8-bit INC
                            if (this.displaced && memoryY)
                            {
                                this.FetchDisplacement();
                            }

                            this.R(y, this.Increment(this.R(y)));
                            this.Tick(4);
                            break;
                        case 5: // 8-bit DEC
                            if (memoryY)
                            {
                                this.Tick(7);
                                if (this.displaced)
                                {
                                    this.FetchDisplacement();
                                }
                            }

                            this.R(y, this.Decrement(this.R(y)));
                            this.Tick(4);
                            break;
                        case 6: // 8-bit load immediate
                            if (memoryY)
                            {
                                this.Tick(3);
                                if (this.displaced)
                                {
                                    this.FetchDisplacement();
                                }
                            }

                            this.R(y, this.FetchByte());  // LD r,n
                            this.Tick(7);
                            break;
                        case 7: // Assorted operations on accumulator/flags
                            switch (y)
                            {
                                case 0:
                                    this.A() = this.RLC(this.A());
                                    break;
                                case 1:
                                    this.A() = this.RRC(this.A());
                                    break;
                                case 2:
                                    this.A() = this.RL(this.A());
                                    break;
                                case 3:
                                    this.A() = this.RR(this.A());
                                    break;
                                case 4:
                                    this.DAA();
                                    break;
                                case 5:
                                    this.CPL();
                                    break;
                                case 6:
                                    this.SCF();
                                    break;
                                case 7:
                                    this.CCF();
                                    break;
                                default:
                                    throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                            }

                            this.Tick(4);
                            break;
                        default:
                            throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                    }

                    break;
                case 1: // 8-bit loading
                    if (!(memoryZ && memoryY))
                    {
                        bool normal = true;
                        if (this.displaced)
                        {
                            if (memoryZ || memoryY)
                            {
                                this.FetchDisplacement();
                            }

                            if (memoryZ)
                            {
                                switch (y)
                                {
                                    case 4:
                                        this.H() = this.R(z);
                                        normal = false;
                                        break;
                                    case 5:
                                        this.L() = this.R(z);
                                        normal = false;
                                        break;
                                }
                            }

                            if (memoryY)
                            {
                                switch (z)
                                {
                                    case 4:
                                        this.R(y, this.H());
                                        normal = false;
                                        break;
                                    case 5:
                                        this.R(y, this.L());
                                        normal = false;
                                        break;
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        if (normal)
                        {
                            this.R(y, this.R(z));
                        }

                        // M operations
                        if (memoryY || memoryZ)
                        {
                            this.Tick(3);
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        this.Halt(); // Exception (replaces LD (HL), (HL))
                    }

                    this.Tick(4);
                    break;
                case 2:
                    { // Operate on accumulator and register/memory location
                        if (memoryZ)
                        {
                            this.Tick(3);
                            if (this.displaced)
                            {
                                this.FetchDisplacement();
                            }
                        }

                        var value = this.R(z);
                        switch (y)
                        {
                            case 0: // ADD A,r
                                this.Add(value);
                                break;
                            case 1: // ADC A,r
                                this.ADC(value);
                                break;
                            case 2: // SUB r
                                this.SUB(value);
                                break;
                            case 3: // SBC A,r
                                this.SBC(value);
                                break;
                            case 4: // AND r
                                this.AndR(value);
                                break;
                            case 5: // XOR r
                                this.XorR(value);
                                break;
                            case 6: // OR r
                                this.OrR(value);
                                break;
                            case 7: // CP r
                                this.Compare(value);
                                break;
                            default:
                                throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                        }

                        this.Tick(4);
                        break;
                    }

                case 3:
                    switch (z)
                    {
                        case 0: // Conditional return
                            if (this.ReturnConditionalFlag(y))
                            {
                                this.Tick(6);
                            }

                            this.Tick(5);
                            break;
                        case 1: // POP & various ops
                            switch (q)
                            {
                                case 0: // POP rp2[p]
                                    this.RP2(p) = this.PopWord();
                                    this.Tick(10);
                                    break;
                                case 1:
                                    switch (p)
                                    {
                                        case 0: // RET
                                            this.Return();
                                            this.Tick(10);
                                            break;
                                        case 1: // EXX
                                            this.Exx();
                                            this.Tick(4);
                                            break;
                                        case 2: // JP HL
                                            this.Jump(this.HL2());
                                            this.Tick(4);
                                            break;
                                        case 3: // LD SP,HL
                                            this.SP() = this.HL2();
                                            this.Tick(4);
                                            break;
                                        default:
                                            throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                                    }

                                    break;
                                default:
                                    throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                            }

                            break;
                        case 2: // Conditional jump
                            this.JumpConditionalFlag(y);
                            this.Tick(10);
                            break;
                        case 3: // Assorted operations
                            switch (y)
                            {
                                case 0: // JP nn
                                    this.Jump(this.MEMPTR() = this.FetchWord());
                                    this.Tick(10);
                                    break;
                                case 1: // CB prefix
                                    this.prefixCB = true;
                                    if (this.displaced)
                                    {
                                        this.FetchDisplacement();
                                    }

                                    this.LowerM1();
                                    this.Execute(this.FetchByte());
                                    break;
                                case 2: // OUT (n),A
                                    this.WritePort(this.FetchByte());
                                    this.Tick(11);
                                    break;
                                case 3: // IN A,(n)
                                    this.A() = this.ReadPort(this.FetchByte());
                                    this.Tick(11);
                                    break;
                                case 4: // EX (SP),HL
                                    this.XHTL();
                                    this.Tick(19);
                                    break;
                                case 5: // EX DE,HL
                                    (this.DE(), this.HL()) = (this.HL(), this.DE());
                                    this.Tick(4);
                                    break;
                                case 6: // DI
                                    this.DisableInterrupts();
                                    this.Tick(4);
                                    break;
                                case 7: // EI
                                    this.EnableInterrupts();
                                    this.Tick(4);
                                    break;
                                default:
                                    throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                            }

                            break;
                        case 4: // Conditional call: CALL cc[y], nn
                            if (this.CallConditionalFlag(y))
                            {
                                this.Tick(7);
                            }

                            this.Tick(10);
                            break;
                        case 5: // PUSH & various ops
                            switch (q)
                            {
                                case 0: // PUSH rp2[p]
                                    this.PushWord(this.RP2(p));
                                    this.Tick(11);
                                    break;
                                case 1:
                                    switch (p)
                                    {
                                        case 0: // CALL nn
                                            this.Call(this.MEMPTR() = this.FetchWord());
                                            this.Tick(17);
                                            break;
                                        case 1: // DD prefix
                                            this.displaced = this.prefixDD = true;
                                            this.LowerM1();
                                            this.Execute(this.FetchByte());
                                            break;
                                        case 2: // ED prefix
                                            this.prefixED = true;
                                            this.LowerM1();
                                            this.Execute(this.FetchByte());
                                            break;
                                        case 3: // FD prefix
                                            this.displaced = this.prefixFD = true;
                                            this.LowerM1();
                                            this.Execute(this.FetchByte());
                                            break;
                                        default:
                                            throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                                    }

                                    break;
                                default:
                                    throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                            }

                            break;
                        case 6:
                            { // Operate on accumulator and immediate operand: alu[y] n
                                var operand = this.FetchByte();
                                switch (y)
                                {
                                    case 0: // ADD A,n
                                        this.Add(operand);
                                        break;
                                    case 1: // ADC A,n
                                        this.ADC(operand);
                                        break;
                                    case 2: // SUB n
                                        this.SUB(operand);
                                        break;
                                    case 3: // SBC A,n
                                        this.SBC(operand);
                                        break;
                                    case 4: // AND n
                                        this.AndR(operand);
                                        break;
                                    case 5: // XOR n
                                        this.XorR(operand);
                                        break;
                                    case 6: // OR n
                                        this.OrR(operand);
                                        break;
                                    case 7: // CP n
                                        this.Compare(operand);
                                        break;
                                    default:
                                        throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                                }

                                this.Tick(7);
                                break;
                            }

                        case 7: // Restart: RST y * 8
                            this.Restart((byte)(y << 3));
                            this.Tick(11);
                            break;
                        default:
                            throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid operation mode");
                    }

                    break;
            }
        }

        private void HandleNMI()
        {
            this.RaiseNMI();
            this.RaiseHALT();
            this.IFF1 = false;
            this.Restart(0x66);
            this.Tick(13);
        }

        private void FetchDisplacement() => this.displacement = (sbyte)this.FetchByte();

        private byte Subtract(byte operand, byte value, int carry = 0)
        {
            var subtraction = new Register16(operand - value - carry);
            var result = subtraction.Low;

            this.F() = AdjustHalfCarrySub(this.F(), operand, value, result);
            this.F() = AdjustOverflowSub(this.F(), operand, value, result);

            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF);
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.CF, subtraction.High & (byte)StatusBits.CF);
            this.F() = AdjustSZ(this.F(), result);

            return result;
        }

        private byte Increment(byte operand)
        {
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF);
            var result = ++operand;
            this.F() = AdjustSZXY(this.F(), result);
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.VF, result == (byte)Bits.Bit7);
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.HC, LowNibble(result));
            return result;
        }

        private byte Decrement(byte operand)
        {
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF);
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.HC, LowNibble(operand));
            var result = --operand;
            this.F() = AdjustSZXY(this.F(), result);
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.VF, result == (byte)Mask.Mask7);
            return result;
        }

        private void RetN()
        {
            this.Return();
            this.IFF1 = this.IFF2;
        }

        private void RetI() => this.RetN();

        private bool JumpRelativeConditionalFlag(int flag)
        {
            switch (flag)
            {
                case 0: // NZ
                    return this.JumpRelativeConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.ZF) == 0);
                case 1: // Z
                    return this.JumpRelativeConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.ZF) != 0);
                case 2: // NC
                    return this.JumpRelativeConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.CF) == 0);
                case 3: // C
                    return this.JumpRelativeConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.CF) != 0);
                default:
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(flag));
            }
        }

        private bool ReturnConditionalFlag(int flag)
        {
            switch (flag)
            {
                case 0: // NZ
                    return this.ReturnConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.ZF) == 0);
                case 1: // Z
                    return this.ReturnConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.ZF) != 0);
                case 2: // NC
                    return this.ReturnConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.CF) == 0);
                case 3: // C
                    return this.ReturnConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.CF) != 0);
                case 4: // PO
                    return this.ReturnConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.PF) == 0);
                case 5: // PE
                    return this.ReturnConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.PF) != 0);
                case 6: // P
                    return this.ReturnConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.SF) == 0);
                case 7: // M
                    return this.ReturnConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.SF) != 0);
                default:
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(flag));
            }
        }

        private bool JumpConditionalFlag(int flag)
        {
            switch (flag)
            {
                case 0: // NZ
                    return this.JumpConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.ZF) == 0);
                case 1: // Z
                    return this.JumpConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.ZF) != 0);
                case 2: // NC
                    return this.JumpConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.CF) == 0);
                case 3: // C
                    return this.JumpConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.CF) != 0);
                case 4: // PO
                    return this.JumpConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.PF) == 0);
                case 5: // PE
                    return this.JumpConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.PF) != 0);
                case 6: // P
                    return this.JumpConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.SF) == 0);
                case 7: // M
                    return this.JumpConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.SF) != 0);
                default:
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(flag));
            }
        }

        private bool CallConditionalFlag(int flag)
        {
            switch (flag)
            {
                case 0: // NZ
                    return this.CallConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.ZF) == 0);
                case 1: // Z
                    return this.CallConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.ZF) != 0);
                case 2: // NC
                    return this.CallConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.CF) == 0);
                case 3: // C
                    return this.CallConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.CF) != 0);
                case 4: // PO
                    return this.CallConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.PF) == 0);
                case 5: // PE
                    return this.CallConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.PF) != 0);
                case 6: // P
                    return this.CallConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.SF) == 0);
                case 7: // M
                    return this.CallConditional((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.SF) != 0);
                default:
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(flag));
            }
        }

        private void SBC(Register16 value)
        {
            this.MEMPTR().Word = this.HL2().Word;

            var beforeNegative = this.MEMPTR().High & (byte)StatusBits.SF;
            var valueNegative = value.High & (byte)StatusBits.SF;

            var result = this.MEMPTR().Word - value.Word - (this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.CF);
            this.HL2().Word = (ushort)result;

            var afterNegative = this.HL2().High & (byte)StatusBits.SF;

            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.SF, afterNegative);
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.ZF, this.HL2().Word);
            this.F() = AdjustHalfCarrySub(this.F(), this.MEMPTR().High, value.High, this.HL2().High);
            this.F() = AdjustOverflowSub(this.F(), beforeNegative, valueNegative, afterNegative);
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF);
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.CF, result & (int)Bits.Bit16);
            this.F() = AdjustXY(this.F(), this.HL2().High);

            ++this.MEMPTR();
        }

        private void ADC(Register16 value)
        {
            this.MEMPTR().Word = this.HL2().Word;

            var beforeNegative = this.MEMPTR().High & (byte)StatusBits.SF;
            var valueNegative = value.High & (byte)StatusBits.SF;

            var result = this.MEMPTR().Word + value.Word + (this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.CF);
            this.HL2().Word = (ushort)result;

            var afterNegative = this.HL2().High & (byte)StatusBits.SF;

            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.SF, afterNegative);
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.ZF, this.HL2().Word);
            this.F() = AdjustHalfCarryAdd(this.F(), this.MEMPTR().High, value.High, this.HL2().High);
            this.F() = AdjustOverflowAdd(this.F(), beforeNegative, valueNegative, afterNegative);
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF);
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.CF, result & (int)Bits.Bit16);
            this.F() = AdjustXY(this.F(), this.HL2().High);

            ++this.MEMPTR();
        }

        private void Add(Register16 value)
        {
            this.MEMPTR().Word = this.HL2().Word;

            var result = this.MEMPTR().Word + value.Word;

            this.HL2().Word = (ushort)result;

            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF);
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.CF, result & (int)Bits.Bit16);
            this.F() = AdjustHalfCarryAdd(this.F(), this.MEMPTR().High, value.High, this.HL2().High);
            this.F() = AdjustXY(this.F(), this.HL2().High);

            ++this.MEMPTR();
        }

        private void Add(byte value, int carry = 0)
        {
            var result = new Register16(this.A() + value + carry);

            this.F() = AdjustHalfCarryAdd(this.F(), this.A(), value, result.Low);
            this.F() = AdjustOverflowAdd(this.F(), this.A(), value, result.Low);

            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF);
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.CF, result.High & (byte)StatusBits.CF);
            this.F() = AdjustSZXY(this.F(), this.A() = result.Low);
        }

        private void ADC(byte value) => this.Add(value, this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.CF);

        private void SUB(byte value, int carry = 0)
        {
            this.A() = this.Subtract(this.A(), value, carry);
            this.F() = AdjustXY(this.F(), this.A());
        }

        private void SBC(byte value) => this.SUB(value, this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.CF);

        private void AndR(byte value)
        {
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.HC);
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.CF | StatusBits.NF);
            this.F() = AdjustSZPXY(this.F(), this.A() &= value);
        }

        private void XorR(byte value)
        {
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.HC | StatusBits.CF | StatusBits.NF);
            this.F() = AdjustSZPXY(this.F(), this.A() ^= value);
        }

        private void OrR(byte value)
        {
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.HC | StatusBits.CF | StatusBits.NF);
            this.F() = AdjustSZPXY(this.F(), this.A() |= value);
        }

        private void Compare(byte value)
        {
            this.Subtract(this.A(), value);
            this.F() = AdjustXY(this.F(), value);
        }

        private byte RLC(byte operand)
        {
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF | StatusBits.HC);
            var carry = operand & (byte)Bits.Bit7;
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.CF, carry);
            var result = (byte)((operand << 1) | (carry >> 7));
            this.F() = AdjustXY(this.F(), result);
            return result;
        }

        private byte RRC(byte operand)
        {
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF | StatusBits.HC);
            var carry = operand & (byte)Bits.Bit0;
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.CF, carry);
            var result = (byte)((operand >> 1) | (carry << 7));
            this.F() = AdjustXY(this.F(), result);
            return result;
        }

        private byte RL(byte operand)
        {
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF | StatusBits.HC);
            var carry = this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.CF;
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.CF, operand & (byte)Bits.Bit7);
            var result = (byte)((operand << 1) | carry);
            this.F() = AdjustXY(this.F(), result);
            return result;
        }

        private byte RR(byte operand)
        {
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF | StatusBits.HC);
            var carry = this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.CF;
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.CF, operand & (byte)Bits.Bit0);
            var result = (byte)((operand >> 1) | (carry << 7));
            this.F() = AdjustXY(this.F(), result);
            return result;
        }

        private byte SLA(byte operand)
        {
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF | StatusBits.HC);
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.CF, operand & (byte)Bits.Bit7);
            var result = (byte)(operand << 1);
            this.F() = AdjustXY(this.F(), result);
            return result;
        }

        private byte SRA(byte operand)
        {
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF | StatusBits.HC);
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.CF, operand & (byte)Bits.Bit0);
            var result = (byte)((operand >> 1) | (operand & (byte)Bits.Bit7));
            this.F() = AdjustXY(this.F(), result);
            return result;
        }

        private byte SLL(byte operand)
        {
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF | StatusBits.HC);
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.CF, operand & (byte)Bits.Bit7);
            var result = (byte)((operand << 1) | (byte)Bits.Bit0);
            this.F() = AdjustXY(this.F(), result);
            return result;
        }

        private byte SRL(byte operand)
        {
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF | StatusBits.HC);
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.CF, operand & (byte)Bits.Bit0);
            var result = (byte)((operand >> 1) & ~(byte)Bits.Bit7);
            this.F() = AdjustXY(this.F(), result);
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.ZF, result);
            return result;
        }

        private void BIT(int n, byte operand)
        {
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.HC);
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF);
            var discarded = (byte)(operand & (1 << n));
            this.F() = AdjustSZ(this.F(), discarded);
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.PF, discarded);
        }

        private void DAA()
        {
            var updated = this.A();

            var lowAdjust = ((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.HC) != 0) || (LowNibble(this.A()) > 9);
            var highAdjust = ((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.CF) != 0) || (this.A() > 0x99);

            if ((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.NF) != 0)
            {
                if (lowAdjust)
                {
                    updated -= 6;
                }

                if (highAdjust)
                {
                    updated -= 0x60;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                if (lowAdjust)
                {
                    updated += 6;
                }

                if (highAdjust)
                {
                    updated += 0x60;
                }
            }

            this.F() = (byte)((this.F() & (byte)(StatusBits.CF | StatusBits.NF)) | (this.A() > 0x99 ? (byte)StatusBits.CF : 0) | ((this.A() ^ updated) & (byte)StatusBits.HC));

            this.F() = AdjustSZPXY(this.F(), this.A() = updated);
        }

        private void SCF()
        {
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.CF);
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.HC | StatusBits.NF);
            this.F() = AdjustXY(this.F(), this.A());
        }

        private void CCF()
        {
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF);
            var carry = this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.CF;
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.HC, carry);
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.CF, carry);
            this.F() = AdjustXY(this.F(), this.A());
        }

        private void CPL()
        {
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.HC | StatusBits.NF);
            this.F() = AdjustXY(this.F(), this.A() = (byte)~this.A());
        }

        private void XHTL()
        {
            this.MEMPTR().Low = this.Bus.Read(this.SP());
            this.Bus.Write(this.HL2().Low);
            this.HL2().Low = this.MEMPTR().Low;
            ++this.Bus.Address();
            this.MEMPTR().High = this.Bus.Read();
            this.Bus.Write(this.HL2().High);
            this.HL2().High = this.MEMPTR().High;
        }

        private void BlockCompare(Register16 source, ref Register16 counter)
        {
            var value = this.Bus.Read(source);
            var result = (byte)(this.A() - value);

            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.PF, --counter.Word);

            this.F() = AdjustSZ(this.F(), result);
            this.F() = AdjustHalfCarrySub(this.F(), this.A(), value, result);
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF);

            result -= (byte)((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.HC) >> 4);

            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.YF, result & (byte)Bits.Bit1);
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.XF, result & (byte)Bits.Bit3);
        }

        private void CPI()
        {
            this.BlockCompare(this.HL()++, ref this.BC());
            ++this.MEMPTR();
        }

        private bool CPIR()
        {
            this.CPI();
            return ((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.PF) != 0) && ((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.ZF) == 0); // See CPI
        }

        private void CPD()
        {
            this.BlockCompare(this.HL()--, ref this.BC());
            --this.MEMPTR();
        }

        private bool CPDR()
        {
            this.CPD();
            return ((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.PF) != 0) && ((this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.ZF) == 0); // See CPD
        }

        private void BlockLoad(Register16 source, Register16 destination, ref Register16 counter)
        {
            var value = this.Bus.Read(source);
            this.Bus.Write(destination, value);
            var xy = this.A() + value;
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.XF, xy & (int)Bits.Bit3);
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.YF, xy & (int)Bits.Bit1);
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF | StatusBits.HC);
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.PF, --counter.Word);
        }

        private void LDI()
        {
            this.BlockLoad(this.HL()++, this.DE()++, ref this.BC());
        }

        private bool LDIR()
        {
            this.LDI();
            return (this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.PF) != 0; // See LDI
        }

        private void LDD()
        {
            this.BlockLoad(this.HL()--, this.DE()--, ref this.BC());
        }

        private bool LDDR()
        {
            this.LDD();
            return (this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.PF) != 0; // See LDD
        }

        private void BlockIn(Register16 source, Register16 destination)
        {
            this.MEMPTR() = this.Bus.Address() = source;
            var value = this.ReadPort();
            this.Bus.Write(destination, value);
            source.High = this.Decrement(source.High);
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF);
        }

        private void INI()
        {
            this.BlockIn(this.BC(), this.HL()++);
            ++this.MEMPTR();
        }

        private bool INIR()
        {
            this.INI();
            return (this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.ZF) == 0; // See INI
        }

        private void IND()
        {
            this.BlockIn(this.BC(), this.HL()--);
            --this.MEMPTR();
        }

        private bool INDR()
        {
            this.IND();
            return (this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.ZF) == 0; // See IND
        }

        private void BlockOut(Register16 source, Register16 destination)
        {
            var value = this.Bus.Read(source);
            this.Bus.Address() = destination;
            this.WritePort();
            destination.High = this.Decrement(destination.High);
            this.MEMPTR() = destination;
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF, value & (byte)Bits.Bit7);
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.HC | StatusBits.CF, (this.L() + value) > 0xff);
            this.F() = AdjustParity(this.F(), (byte)(((value + this.L()) & (int)Mask.Mask3) ^ this.B()));
        }

        private void OUTI()
        {
            this.BlockOut(this.HL()++, this.BC());
            ++this.MEMPTR();
        }

        private bool OTIR()
        {
            this.OUTI();
            return (this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.ZF) == 0; // See OUTI
        }

        private void OUTD()
        {
            this.BlockOut(this.HL()--, this.BC());
            --this.MEMPTR();
        }

        private bool OTDR()
        {
            this.OUTD();
            return (this.F() & (byte)StatusBits.ZF) == 0; // See OUTD
        }

        private void NEG()
        {
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.PF, this.A() == (byte)Bits.Bit7);
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.CF, this.A());
            this.F() = SetFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF);

            var original = this.A();

            this.A() = (byte)(~this.A() + 1);   // two's complement

            this.F() = AdjustHalfCarrySub(this.F(), (byte)0, original, this.A());
            this.F() = AdjustOverflowSub(this.F(), (byte)0, original, this.A());

            this.F() = AdjustSZXY(this.F(), this.A());
        }

        private void RRD()
        {
            this.MEMPTR().Word = this.Bus.Address().Word = this.HL().Word;
            ++this.MEMPTR();
            var memory = this.Bus.Read();
            this.Bus.Write((byte)(PromoteNibble(this.A()) | HighNibble(memory)));
            this.A() = (byte)(HigherNibble(this.A()) | LowerNibble(memory));
            this.F() = AdjustSZPXY(this.F(), this.A());
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF | StatusBits.HC);
        }

        private void RLD()
        {
            this.MEMPTR().Word = this.Bus.Address().Word = this.HL().Word;
            ++this.MEMPTR();
            var memory = this.Bus.Read();
            this.Bus.Write((byte)(PromoteNibble(memory) | LowNibble(this.A())));
            this.A() = (byte)(HigherNibble(this.A()) | HighNibble(memory));
            F() = AdjustSZPXY(this.F(), this.A());
            this.F() = ClearFlag(this.F(), StatusBits.NF | StatusBits.HC);
        }

        private void WritePort(byte port)
        {
            this.MEMPTR().Word = this.Bus.Address().Word = new Register16(port, this.A()).Word;
            this.Bus.Data = this.A();
            this.WritePort();
            ++this.MEMPTR().Low;
        }

        private void WritePort()
        {
            this.ports.Write(this.Bus.Address().Low, this.Bus.Data);
        }

        private byte ReadPort(byte port)
        {
            this.MEMPTR().Word = this.Bus.Address().Word = new Register16(port, this.A()).Word;
            ++this.MEMPTR().Low;
            return this.ReadPort();
        }

        private byte ReadPort()
        {
            return this.Bus.Data = this.ports.Read(this.Bus.Address().Low);
        }
    }
}