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306 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
306 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
<!doctype linuxdoc system>
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<article>
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<title>cl65 Users Guide
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<author>Ullrich von Bassewitz, <htmlurl url="mailto:uz@cc65.org" name="uz@cc65.org">
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<date>01.08.2000, 27.11.2000, 02.10.2001
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<abstract>
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cl65 is the compile & link utility for cc65, the 6502 C compiler. It was
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designed as a smart frontend for the C compiler (cc65), the assembler (ca65),
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the object file converter (co65), and the linker (ld65).
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</abstract>
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<!-- Table of contents -->
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<toc>
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<!-- Begin the document -->
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<sect>Overview<p>
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cl65 is a frontend for cc65, ca65, co65 and ld65. While you may not use the
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full power of the tools when calling them through cl65, most features are
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available, and the use of cl65 is much simpler.
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<sect>Basic Usage<p>
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The cl65 compile and link utility may be used to convert, compile, assemble
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and link files. While the separate tools do just one step, cl65 knows how to
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build object files from C files (by calling the compiler, then the assembler)
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and other things.
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<tscreen><verb>
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Usage: cl65 [options] file [...]
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Short options:
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-c Compile and assemble but don't link
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-d Debug mode
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-g Add debug info
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-h Help (this text)
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-l name Create an assembler listing file
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-m name Create a map file
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-mm model Set the memory model
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-o name Name the output file
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-r Enable register variables
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-t sys Set the target system
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-u sym Force an import of symbol `sym'
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-v Verbose mode
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-vm Verbose map file
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-C name Use linker config file
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-Cl Make local variables static
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-D sym[=defn] Define a preprocessor symbol
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-I dir Set a compiler include directory path
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-L path Specify a library search path
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-Ln name Create a VICE label file
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-O Optimize code
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-Oi Optimize code, inline functions
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-Or Optimize code, honour the register keyword
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-Os Optimize code, inline known C funtions
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-S Compile but don't assemble and link
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-T Include source as comment
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-V Print the version number
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-W name[,...] Supress compiler warnings
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-Wa options Pass options to the assembler
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-Wl options Pass options to the linker
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Long options:
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--add-source Include source as comment
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--asm-args options Pass options to the assembler
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--asm-define sym[=v] Define an assembler symbol
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--asm-include-dir dir Set an assembler include directory
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--bin-include-dir dir Set an assembker binary include directory
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--bss-label name Define and export a BSS segment label
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--bss-name seg Set the name of the BSS segment
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--cfg-path path Specify a config file search path
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--check-stack Generate stack overflow checks
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--code-label name Define and export a CODE segment label
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--code-name seg Set the name of the CODE segment
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--codesize x Accept larger code by factor x
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--config name Use linker config file
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--cpu type Set cpu type
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--create-dep name Create a make dependency file
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--create-full-dep name Create a full make dependency file
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--data-label name Define and export a DATA segment label
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--data-name seg Set the name of the DATA segment
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--debug Debug mode
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--debug-info Add debug info
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--feature name Set an emulation feature
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--force-import sym Force an import of symbol `sym'
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--forget-inc-paths Forget include search paths (compiler)
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--help Help (this text)
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--include-dir dir Set a compiler include directory path
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--ld-args options Pass options to the linker
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--lib file Link this library
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--lib-path path Specify a library search path
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--list-targets List all available targets
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--listing name Create an assembler listing file
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--list-bytes n Number of bytes per assembler listing line
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--mapfile name Create a map file
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--memory-model model Set the memory model
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--module Link as a module
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--module-id id Specify a module id for the linker
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--o65-model model Override the o65 model
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--obj file Link this object file
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--obj-path path Specify an object file search path
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--register-space b Set space available for register variables
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--register-vars Enable register variables
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--rodata-name seg Set the name of the RODATA segment
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--signed-chars Default characters are signed
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--standard std Language standard (c89, c99, cc65)
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--start-addr addr Set the default start address
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--static-locals Make local variables static
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--target sys Set the target system
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--version Print the version number
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--verbose Verbose mode
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--zeropage-label name Define and export a ZEROPAGE segment label
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--zeropage-name seg Set the name of the ZEROPAGE segment
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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</verb></tscreen>
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Most of the options have the same meaning than the corresponding compiler,
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assembler or linker option. See the documentation for these tools for an
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explanation. If an option is available for more than one of the tools, it
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is set for all tools, where it is available. One example for this is <tt/-v/:
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The compiler, the assembler and the linker are all called with the <tt/-v/
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switch.
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There are a few remaining options that control the behaviour of cl65:
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<descrip>
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<tag><tt>-S</tt></tag>
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This option forces cl65 to stop after the assembly step. This means that
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C files are translated into assembler files, but nothing more is done.
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Assembler files, object files and libraries given on the command line
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are ignored.
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<tag><tt>-c</tt></tag>
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This options forces cl65 to stop after the assembly step. This means
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that C and assembler files given on the command line are translated into
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object files, but there is no link step, and object files and libraries
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given on the command line are ignored.
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<tag><tt>-o name</tt></tag>
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The -o option is used for the target name in the final step. This causes
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problems, if the linker will not be called, and there are several input
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files on the command line. In this case, the name given with -o will be
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used for all of them, which makes the option pretty useless. You
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shouldn't use -o when more than one output file is created.
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<tag><tt>-t sys, --target sys</tt></tag>
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The default for this option is different from the compiler and linker in the
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case that the option is missing: While the other tools (compiler, assembler
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and linker) will use the "none" system settings by default, cl65 will use
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the C64 as a target system by default. This was chosen since most people
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seem to use cc65 to develop for the C64.
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<tag><tt>-Wa options, --asm-args options</tt></tag>
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Pass options directly to the assembler. This may be used to pass options
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that aren't directly supported by cl65. Several options may be separated by
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commas, the commas are replaced by spaces when passing them to the
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assembler. Beware: Passing arguments directly to the assembler may interfere
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with some of the defaults, because cl65 doesn't parse the options passed. So
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if cl65 supports an option by itself, do not pass this option to the
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assembler by means of the <tt/-Wa/ switch.
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<tag><tt>-Wl options, --ld-args options</tt></tag>
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Pass options directly to the linker. This may be used to pass options that
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aren't directly supported by cl65. Several options may be separated by
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commas, the commas are replaced by spaces when passing them to the linker.
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Beware: Passing arguments directly to the linker may interfere with some of
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the defaults, because cl65 doesn't parse the options passed. So if cl65
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supports an option by itself, do not pass this option to the linker by means
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of the <tt/-Wl/ switch.
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</descrip>
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<sect>More usage<p>
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Since cl65 was created to simplify the use of the cc65 development
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package, it tries to be smart about several things.
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<itemize>
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<item> If you don't give a target system on the command line, cl65
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defaults to the C64.
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<item> When linking, cl65 will supply the names of the startup file and
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library for the target system to the linker, so you don't have to do
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that.
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<item> If the final step is the linker, and the name of the output file was
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not explicitly given, cl65 will use the name of the first input file
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without the extension, provided that the name of this file has an
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extension. So you don't need to name the executable name in most
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cases, just give the name of your "main" file as first input file.
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</itemize>
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The command line is parsed from left to right, and the actual processing tool
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(compiler, assembler, ...) is invoked whenever a file name is encountered.
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This means that only the options to the left of a file name are in effect when
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this file is processed. It does also mean that you're able to specify
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different options for different files on the command line. As an example.
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<tscreen><verb>
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cl65 -Oirs main.c -O -g module.c
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</verb></tscreen>
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translates main.c with full optimization and module.c with less optimization
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and debug info enabled.
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The type of an input file is derived from its extension:
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<itemize>
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<item>C files: <tt/.c/
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<item>Assembler files: <tt/.s/, <tt/.asm/, <tt/.a65/
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<item>Object files: <tt/.o/ <tt/.obj/
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<item>Libraries: <tt/.a/, <tt/.lib/
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<item>GEOS resource files: <tt/.grc/
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<item>o65 files: <tt/.o65/, <tt/.emd/, <tt/.joy/, <tt/.tgi/
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</itemize>
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Please note that the program cannot handle input files with unknown file
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extensions.
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<sect>Examples<p>
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The morse trainer software, which consists of one C file (morse.c) and one
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assembler file (irq.s) will need the following separate steps to compile
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into an executable named morse:
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<tscreen><verb>
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cc65 -g -Oi -t c64 morse.c
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ca65 -g morse.s
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ca65 -g irq.s
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ld65 -o morse -t c64 c64.o morse.o irq.o c64.lib
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</verb></tscreen>
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When using cl65, this is simplified to
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<tscreen><verb>
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cl65 -g -Oi morse.c irq.s
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</verb></tscreen>
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As a general rule, you may use cl65 instead of cc65 at most times,
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especially in makefiles to build object files directly from C files. Use
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<tscreen><verb>
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.c.o:
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cl65 -g -Oi $<
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</verb></tscreen>
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to do this.
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<sect>Bugs/Feedback<p>
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If you have problems using the utility, if you find any bugs, or if you're
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doing something interesting with it, I would be glad to hear from you. Feel
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free to contact me by email (<htmlurl url="mailto:uz@cc65.org" name="uz@cc65.org">).
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<sect>Copyright<p>
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cl65 (and all cc65 binutils) are (C) Copyright 1998-2004 Ullrich von
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Bassewitz. For usage of the binaries and/or sources the following
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conditions do apply:
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This software is provided 'as-is', without any expressed or implied
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warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
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arising from the use of this software.
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Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
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including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
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freely, subject to the following restrictions:
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<enum>
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<item> The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
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claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
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in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
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appreciated but is not required.
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<item> Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not
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be misrepresented as being the original software.
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<item> This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
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distribution.
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</enum>
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</article>
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