CONTROL FLOW GRAPH SSA @begin: scope:[] from to:@1 (void()) main() main: scope:[main] from @1 (byte*) main::screen#0 ← (byte*)(number) $400 (byte) main::i#0 ← (byte) 0 to:main::@1 main::@1: scope:[main] from main main::@4 (byte*) main::screen#4 ← phi( main/(byte*) main::screen#0 main::@4/(byte*) main::screen#5 ) (byte) main::i#2 ← phi( main/(byte) main::i#0 main::@4/(byte) main::i#1 ) (bool~) main::$0 ← *((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2) == (number) 0 (bool~) main::$1 ← ! (bool~) main::$0 if((bool~) main::$1) goto main::@2 to:main::@return main::@2: scope:[main] from main::@1 (byte*) main::screen#3 ← phi( main::@1/(byte*) main::screen#4 ) (byte) main::i#3 ← phi( main::@1/(byte) main::i#2 ) (bool~) main::$2 ← *((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#3) == (byte) ' ' (bool~) main::$3 ← ! (bool~) main::$2 if((bool~) main::$3) goto main::@3 to:main::@4 main::@3: scope:[main] from main::@2 (byte*) main::screen#2 ← phi( main::@2/(byte*) main::screen#3 ) (byte) main::i#4 ← phi( main::@2/(byte) main::i#3 ) *((byte*) main::screen#2) ← *((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#4) (byte*) main::screen#1 ← ++ (byte*) main::screen#2 to:main::@4 main::@4: scope:[main] from main::@2 main::@3 (byte*) main::screen#5 ← phi( main::@2/(byte*) main::screen#3 main::@3/(byte*) main::screen#1 ) (byte) main::i#5 ← phi( main::@2/(byte) main::i#3 main::@3/(byte) main::i#4 ) (byte) main::i#1 ← (byte) main::i#5 + rangenext(0,$ff) (bool~) main::$4 ← (byte) main::i#1 != rangelast(0,$ff) if((bool~) main::$4) goto main::@1 to:main::@return main::@return: scope:[main] from main::@1 main::@4 return to:@return @1: scope:[] from @begin call main to:@2 @2: scope:[] from @1 to:@end @end: scope:[] from @2 SYMBOL TABLE SSA (label) @1 (label) @2 (label) @begin (label) @end (void()) main() (bool~) main::$0 (bool~) main::$1 (bool~) main::$2 (bool~) main::$3 (bool~) main::$4 (label) main::@1 (label) main::@2 (label) main::@3 (label) main::@4 (label) main::@return (byte) main::i (byte) main::i#0 (byte) main::i#1 (byte) main::i#2 (byte) main::i#3 (byte) main::i#4 (byte) main::i#5 (byte*) main::screen (byte*) main::screen#0 (byte*) main::screen#1 (byte*) main::screen#2 (byte*) main::screen#3 (byte*) main::screen#4 (byte*) main::screen#5 (const byte*) main::str[] = (byte*) "hello brave new world" Adding number conversion cast (unumber) 0 in (bool~) main::$0 ← *((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2) == (number) 0 Successful SSA optimization PassNAddNumberTypeConversions Simplifying constant pointer cast (byte*) 1024 Simplifying constant integer cast 0 Successful SSA optimization PassNCastSimplification Finalized unsigned number type (byte) 0 Successful SSA optimization PassNFinalizeNumberTypeConversions Inversing boolean not [4] (bool~) main::$1 ← *((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2) != (byte) 0 from [3] (bool~) main::$0 ← *((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2) == (byte) 0 Inversing boolean not [8] (bool~) main::$3 ← *((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#3) != (byte) ' ' from [7] (bool~) main::$2 ← *((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#3) == (byte) ' ' Successful SSA optimization Pass2UnaryNotSimplification Alias main::i#2 = main::i#3 main::i#4 Alias main::screen#2 = main::screen#3 main::screen#4 Successful SSA optimization Pass2AliasElimination Alias main::i#2 = main::i#5 Successful SSA optimization Pass2AliasElimination Simple Condition (bool~) main::$1 [4] if(*((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2)!=(byte) 0) goto main::@2 Simple Condition (bool~) main::$3 [6] if(*((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2)!=(byte) ' ') goto main::@3 Simple Condition (bool~) main::$4 [12] if((byte) main::i#1!=rangelast(0,$ff)) goto main::@1 Successful SSA optimization Pass2ConditionalJumpSimplification Negating conditional jump and destination [6] if(*((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2)==(byte) ' ') goto main::@4 Negating conditional jump and destination [12] if((byte) main::i#1==rangelast(0,$ff)) goto main::@return Successful SSA optimization Pass2ConditionalJumpSequenceImprovement Constant (const byte*) main::screen#0 = (byte*) 1024 Constant (const byte) main::i#0 = 0 Successful SSA optimization Pass2ConstantIdentification Resolved ranged next value [10] main::i#1 ← ++ main::i#2 to ++ Resolved ranged comparison value [12] if(main::i#1==rangelast(0,$ff)) goto main::@return to (number) 0 Adding number conversion cast (unumber) 0 in if((byte) main::i#1==(number) 0) goto main::@return Successful SSA optimization PassNAddNumberTypeConversions Simplifying constant integer cast 0 Successful SSA optimization PassNCastSimplification Finalized unsigned number type (byte) 0 Successful SSA optimization PassNFinalizeNumberTypeConversions Inlining constant with var siblings (const byte*) main::screen#0 Inlining constant with var siblings (const byte) main::i#0 Constant inlined main::screen#0 = (byte*) 1024 Constant inlined main::i#0 = (byte) 0 Successful SSA optimization Pass2ConstantInlining Added new block during phi lifting main::@5(between main::@4 and main::@1) Added new block during phi lifting main::@6(between main::@2 and main::@4) Adding NOP phi() at start of @begin Adding NOP phi() at start of @1 Adding NOP phi() at start of @2 Adding NOP phi() at start of @end Adding NOP phi() at start of main CALL GRAPH Calls in [] to main:2 Created 3 initial phi equivalence classes Coalesced [12] main::screen#8 ← main::screen#1 Coalesced [16] main::i#6 ← main::i#1 Coalesced [17] main::screen#6 ← main::screen#5 Coalesced (already) [18] main::screen#7 ← main::screen#2 Coalesced down to 2 phi equivalence classes Culled Empty Block (label) @2 Culled Empty Block (label) main::@5 Culled Empty Block (label) main::@6 Adding NOP phi() at start of @begin Adding NOP phi() at start of @1 Adding NOP phi() at start of @end Adding NOP phi() at start of main FINAL CONTROL FLOW GRAPH @begin: scope:[] from [0] phi() to:@1 @1: scope:[] from @begin [1] phi() [2] call main to:@end @end: scope:[] from @1 [3] phi() (void()) main() main: scope:[main] from @1 [4] phi() to:main::@1 main::@1: scope:[main] from main main::@4 [5] (byte*) main::screen#2 ← phi( main/(byte*) 1024 main::@4/(byte*) main::screen#5 ) [5] (byte) main::i#2 ← phi( main/(byte) 0 main::@4/(byte) main::i#1 ) [6] if(*((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2)!=(byte) 0) goto main::@2 to:main::@return main::@return: scope:[main] from main::@1 main::@4 [7] return to:@return main::@2: scope:[main] from main::@1 [8] if(*((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2)==(byte) ' ') goto main::@4 to:main::@3 main::@3: scope:[main] from main::@2 [9] *((byte*) main::screen#2) ← *((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2) [10] (byte*) main::screen#1 ← ++ (byte*) main::screen#2 to:main::@4 main::@4: scope:[main] from main::@2 main::@3 [11] (byte*) main::screen#5 ← phi( main::@2/(byte*) main::screen#2 main::@3/(byte*) main::screen#1 ) [12] (byte) main::i#1 ← ++ (byte) main::i#2 [13] if((byte) main::i#1==(byte) 0) goto main::@return to:main::@1 VARIABLE REGISTER WEIGHTS (void()) main() (byte) main::i (byte) main::i#1 151.5 (byte) main::i#2 84.16666666666666 (byte*) main::screen (byte*) main::screen#1 202.0 (byte*) main::screen#2 101.0 (byte*) main::screen#5 101.0 Initial phi equivalence classes [ main::i#2 main::i#1 ] [ main::screen#2 main::screen#5 main::screen#1 ] Complete equivalence classes [ main::i#2 main::i#1 ] [ main::screen#2 main::screen#5 main::screen#1 ] Allocated zp[1]:2 [ main::i#2 main::i#1 ] Allocated zp[2]:3 [ main::screen#2 main::screen#5 main::screen#1 ] INITIAL ASM Target platform is c64basic / MOS6502X // File Comments // Illustrates both break & continue statements in a loop // Prints a message ending at NUL skipping all spaces // Upstart .pc = $801 "Basic" :BasicUpstart(main) .pc = $80d "Program" // Global Constants & labels // @begin __bbegin: // [1] phi from @begin to @1 [phi:@begin->@1] __b1_from___bbegin: jmp __b1 // @1 __b1: // [2] call main // [4] phi from @1 to main [phi:@1->main] main_from___b1: jsr main // [3] phi from @1 to @end [phi:@1->@end] __bend_from___b1: jmp __bend // @end __bend: // main main: { .label screen = 3 .label i = 2 // [5] phi from main to main::@1 [phi:main->main::@1] __b1_from_main: // [5] phi (byte*) main::screen#2 = (byte*) 1024 [phi:main->main::@1#0] -- pbuz1=pbuc1 lda #<$400 sta.z screen lda #>$400 sta.z screen+1 // [5] phi (byte) main::i#2 = (byte) 0 [phi:main->main::@1#1] -- vbuz1=vbuc1 lda #0 sta.z i jmp __b1 // main::@1 __b1: // [6] if(*((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2)!=(byte) 0) goto main::@2 -- pbuc1_derefidx_vbuz1_neq_0_then_la1 ldy.z i lda str,y cmp #0 bne __b2 jmp __breturn // main::@return __breturn: // [7] return rts // main::@2 __b2: // [8] if(*((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2)==(byte) ' ') goto main::@4 -- pbuc1_derefidx_vbuz1_eq_vbuc2_then_la1 ldy.z i lda str,y cmp #' ' beq __b4_from___b2 jmp __b3 // main::@3 __b3: // [9] *((byte*) main::screen#2) ← *((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2) -- _deref_pbuz1=pbuc1_derefidx_vbuz2 ldy.z i lda str,y ldy #0 sta (screen),y // [10] (byte*) main::screen#1 ← ++ (byte*) main::screen#2 -- pbuz1=_inc_pbuz1 inc.z screen bne !+ inc.z screen+1 !: // [11] phi from main::@2 main::@3 to main::@4 [phi:main::@2/main::@3->main::@4] __b4_from___b2: __b4_from___b3: // [11] phi (byte*) main::screen#5 = (byte*) main::screen#2 [phi:main::@2/main::@3->main::@4#0] -- register_copy jmp __b4 // main::@4 __b4: // [12] (byte) main::i#1 ← ++ (byte) main::i#2 -- vbuz1=_inc_vbuz1 inc.z i // [13] if((byte) main::i#1==(byte) 0) goto main::@return -- vbuz1_eq_0_then_la1 lda.z i cmp #0 beq __breturn // [5] phi from main::@4 to main::@1 [phi:main::@4->main::@1] __b1_from___b4: // [5] phi (byte*) main::screen#2 = (byte*) main::screen#5 [phi:main::@4->main::@1#0] -- register_copy // [5] phi (byte) main::i#2 = (byte) main::i#1 [phi:main::@4->main::@1#1] -- register_copy jmp __b1 str: .text "hello brave new world" .byte 0 } // File Data REGISTER UPLIFT POTENTIAL REGISTERS Statement [6] if(*((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2)!=(byte) 0) goto main::@2 [ main::i#2 main::screen#2 ] ( main:2 [ main::i#2 main::screen#2 ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a Removing always clobbered register reg byte a as potential for zp[1]:2 [ main::i#2 main::i#1 ] Statement [8] if(*((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2)==(byte) ' ') goto main::@4 [ main::i#2 main::screen#2 ] ( main:2 [ main::i#2 main::screen#2 ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a Statement [9] *((byte*) main::screen#2) ← *((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2) [ main::i#2 main::screen#2 ] ( main:2 [ main::i#2 main::screen#2 ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a reg byte y Removing always clobbered register reg byte y as potential for zp[1]:2 [ main::i#2 main::i#1 ] Statement [6] if(*((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2)!=(byte) 0) goto main::@2 [ main::i#2 main::screen#2 ] ( main:2 [ main::i#2 main::screen#2 ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a Statement [8] if(*((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2)==(byte) ' ') goto main::@4 [ main::i#2 main::screen#2 ] ( main:2 [ main::i#2 main::screen#2 ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a Statement [9] *((byte*) main::screen#2) ← *((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2) [ main::i#2 main::screen#2 ] ( main:2 [ main::i#2 main::screen#2 ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a reg byte y Potential registers zp[1]:2 [ main::i#2 main::i#1 ] : zp[1]:2 , reg byte x , Potential registers zp[2]:3 [ main::screen#2 main::screen#5 main::screen#1 ] : zp[2]:3 , REGISTER UPLIFT SCOPES Uplift Scope [main] 404: zp[2]:3 [ main::screen#2 main::screen#5 main::screen#1 ] 235.67: zp[1]:2 [ main::i#2 main::i#1 ] Uplift Scope [] Uplifting [main] best 783 combination zp[2]:3 [ main::screen#2 main::screen#5 main::screen#1 ] reg byte x [ main::i#2 main::i#1 ] Uplifting [] best 783 combination Allocated (was zp[2]:3) zp[2]:2 [ main::screen#2 main::screen#5 main::screen#1 ] ASSEMBLER BEFORE OPTIMIZATION // File Comments // Illustrates both break & continue statements in a loop // Prints a message ending at NUL skipping all spaces // Upstart .pc = $801 "Basic" :BasicUpstart(main) .pc = $80d "Program" // Global Constants & labels // @begin __bbegin: // [1] phi from @begin to @1 [phi:@begin->@1] __b1_from___bbegin: jmp __b1 // @1 __b1: // [2] call main // [4] phi from @1 to main [phi:@1->main] main_from___b1: jsr main // [3] phi from @1 to @end [phi:@1->@end] __bend_from___b1: jmp __bend // @end __bend: // main main: { .label screen = 2 // [5] phi from main to main::@1 [phi:main->main::@1] __b1_from_main: // [5] phi (byte*) main::screen#2 = (byte*) 1024 [phi:main->main::@1#0] -- pbuz1=pbuc1 lda #<$400 sta.z screen lda #>$400 sta.z screen+1 // [5] phi (byte) main::i#2 = (byte) 0 [phi:main->main::@1#1] -- vbuxx=vbuc1 ldx #0 jmp __b1 // main::@1 __b1: // [6] if(*((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2)!=(byte) 0) goto main::@2 -- pbuc1_derefidx_vbuxx_neq_0_then_la1 lda str,x cmp #0 bne __b2 jmp __breturn // main::@return __breturn: // [7] return rts // main::@2 __b2: // [8] if(*((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2)==(byte) ' ') goto main::@4 -- pbuc1_derefidx_vbuxx_eq_vbuc2_then_la1 lda str,x cmp #' ' beq __b4_from___b2 jmp __b3 // main::@3 __b3: // [9] *((byte*) main::screen#2) ← *((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2) -- _deref_pbuz1=pbuc1_derefidx_vbuxx lda str,x ldy #0 sta (screen),y // [10] (byte*) main::screen#1 ← ++ (byte*) main::screen#2 -- pbuz1=_inc_pbuz1 inc.z screen bne !+ inc.z screen+1 !: // [11] phi from main::@2 main::@3 to main::@4 [phi:main::@2/main::@3->main::@4] __b4_from___b2: __b4_from___b3: // [11] phi (byte*) main::screen#5 = (byte*) main::screen#2 [phi:main::@2/main::@3->main::@4#0] -- register_copy jmp __b4 // main::@4 __b4: // [12] (byte) main::i#1 ← ++ (byte) main::i#2 -- vbuxx=_inc_vbuxx inx // [13] if((byte) main::i#1==(byte) 0) goto main::@return -- vbuxx_eq_0_then_la1 cpx #0 beq __breturn // [5] phi from main::@4 to main::@1 [phi:main::@4->main::@1] __b1_from___b4: // [5] phi (byte*) main::screen#2 = (byte*) main::screen#5 [phi:main::@4->main::@1#0] -- register_copy // [5] phi (byte) main::i#2 = (byte) main::i#1 [phi:main::@4->main::@1#1] -- register_copy jmp __b1 str: .text "hello brave new world" .byte 0 } // File Data ASSEMBLER OPTIMIZATIONS Removing instruction jmp __b1 Removing instruction jmp __bend Removing instruction jmp __b1 Removing instruction jmp __breturn Removing instruction jmp __b3 Removing instruction jmp __b4 Succesful ASM optimization Pass5NextJumpElimination Replacing label __b4_from___b2 with __b4 Removing instruction __b1_from___bbegin: Removing instruction __b1: Removing instruction main_from___b1: Removing instruction __bend_from___b1: Removing instruction __b4_from___b2: Removing instruction __b4_from___b3: Succesful ASM optimization Pass5RedundantLabelElimination Removing instruction __bbegin: Removing instruction __bend: Removing instruction __b1_from_main: Removing instruction __b3: Removing instruction __b1_from___b4: Succesful ASM optimization Pass5UnusedLabelElimination Removing instruction jsr main Succesful ASM optimization Pass5SkipBegin FINAL SYMBOL TABLE (label) @1 (label) @begin (label) @end (void()) main() (label) main::@1 (label) main::@2 (label) main::@3 (label) main::@4 (label) main::@return (byte) main::i (byte) main::i#1 reg byte x 151.5 (byte) main::i#2 reg byte x 84.16666666666666 (byte*) main::screen (byte*) main::screen#1 screen zp[2]:2 202.0 (byte*) main::screen#2 screen zp[2]:2 101.0 (byte*) main::screen#5 screen zp[2]:2 101.0 (const byte*) main::str[] = (byte*) "hello brave new world" reg byte x [ main::i#2 main::i#1 ] zp[2]:2 [ main::screen#2 main::screen#5 main::screen#1 ] FINAL ASSEMBLER Score: 651 // File Comments // Illustrates both break & continue statements in a loop // Prints a message ending at NUL skipping all spaces // Upstart .pc = $801 "Basic" :BasicUpstart(main) .pc = $80d "Program" // Global Constants & labels // @begin // [1] phi from @begin to @1 [phi:@begin->@1] // @1 // [2] call main // [4] phi from @1 to main [phi:@1->main] // [3] phi from @1 to @end [phi:@1->@end] // @end // main main: { .label screen = 2 // [5] phi from main to main::@1 [phi:main->main::@1] // [5] phi (byte*) main::screen#2 = (byte*) 1024 [phi:main->main::@1#0] -- pbuz1=pbuc1 lda #<$400 sta.z screen lda #>$400 sta.z screen+1 // [5] phi (byte) main::i#2 = (byte) 0 [phi:main->main::@1#1] -- vbuxx=vbuc1 ldx #0 // main::@1 __b1: // if(str[i]==0) // [6] if(*((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2)!=(byte) 0) goto main::@2 -- pbuc1_derefidx_vbuxx_neq_0_then_la1 lda str,x cmp #0 bne __b2 // main::@return __breturn: // } // [7] return rts // main::@2 __b2: // if(str[i]==' ') // [8] if(*((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2)==(byte) ' ') goto main::@4 -- pbuc1_derefidx_vbuxx_eq_vbuc2_then_la1 lda str,x cmp #' ' beq __b4 // main::@3 // *screen++ = str[i] // [9] *((byte*) main::screen#2) ← *((const byte*) main::str + (byte) main::i#2) -- _deref_pbuz1=pbuc1_derefidx_vbuxx lda str,x ldy #0 sta (screen),y // *screen++ = str[i]; // [10] (byte*) main::screen#1 ← ++ (byte*) main::screen#2 -- pbuz1=_inc_pbuz1 inc.z screen bne !+ inc.z screen+1 !: // [11] phi from main::@2 main::@3 to main::@4 [phi:main::@2/main::@3->main::@4] // [11] phi (byte*) main::screen#5 = (byte*) main::screen#2 [phi:main::@2/main::@3->main::@4#0] -- register_copy // main::@4 __b4: // for( byte i: 0..255) // [12] (byte) main::i#1 ← ++ (byte) main::i#2 -- vbuxx=_inc_vbuxx inx // [13] if((byte) main::i#1==(byte) 0) goto main::@return -- vbuxx_eq_0_then_la1 cpx #0 beq __breturn // [5] phi from main::@4 to main::@1 [phi:main::@4->main::@1] // [5] phi (byte*) main::screen#2 = (byte*) main::screen#5 [phi:main::@4->main::@1#0] -- register_copy // [5] phi (byte) main::i#2 = (byte) main::i#1 [phi:main::@4->main::@1#1] -- register_copy jmp __b1 str: .text "hello brave new world" .byte 0 } // File Data