CONTROL FLOW GRAPH SSA void main() main: scope:[main] from __start fibs[0] = 0 fibs[1] = 1 main::i#0 = 0 to:main::@1 main::@1: scope:[main] from main main::@1 main::i#2 = phi( main/main::i#0, main::@1/main::i#1 ) main::$0 = main::i#2 + 2 main::$1 = main::i#2 + 1 main::$2 = fibs[main::i#2] + fibs[main::$1] fibs[main::$0] = main::$2 main::i#1 = ++ main::i#2 main::$3 = main::i#1 < $f if(main::$3) goto main::@1 to:main::@return main::@return: scope:[main] from main::@1 return to:@return void __start() __start: scope:[__start] from call main to:__start::@1 __start::@1: scope:[__start] from __start to:__start::@return __start::@return: scope:[__start] from __start::@1 return to:@return SYMBOL TABLE SSA void __start() const byte* fibs[$f] = { fill( $f, 0) } void main() number~ main::$0 number~ main::$1 byte~ main::$2 bool~ main::$3 byte main::i byte main::i#0 byte main::i#1 byte main::i#2 Adding number conversion cast (unumber) 0 in fibs[0] = 0 Adding number conversion cast (unumber) 0 in fibs[0] = ((unumber)) 0 Adding number conversion cast (unumber) 1 in fibs[1] = 1 Adding number conversion cast (unumber) 1 in fibs[1] = ((unumber)) 1 Adding number conversion cast (unumber) 2 in main::$0 = main::i#2 + 2 Adding number conversion cast (unumber) main::$0 in main::$0 = main::i#2 + (unumber)2 Adding number conversion cast (unumber) 1 in main::$1 = main::i#2 + 1 Adding number conversion cast (unumber) main::$1 in main::$1 = main::i#2 + (unumber)1 Adding number conversion cast (unumber) $f in main::$3 = main::i#1 < $f Successful SSA optimization PassNAddNumberTypeConversions Inlining cast fibs[(unumber)0] = (unumber)0 Inlining cast fibs[(unumber)1] = (unumber)1 Successful SSA optimization Pass2InlineCast Simplifying constant integer cast 0 Simplifying constant integer cast 0 Simplifying constant integer cast 1 Simplifying constant integer cast 1 Simplifying constant integer cast 2 Simplifying constant integer cast 1 Simplifying constant integer cast $f Successful SSA optimization PassNCastSimplification Finalized unsigned number type (byte) 0 Finalized unsigned number type (byte) 0 Finalized unsigned number type (byte) 1 Finalized unsigned number type (byte) 1 Finalized unsigned number type (byte) 2 Finalized unsigned number type (byte) 1 Finalized unsigned number type (byte) $f Successful SSA optimization PassNFinalizeNumberTypeConversions Inferred type updated to byte in main::$0 = main::i#2 + 2 Inferred type updated to byte in main::$1 = main::i#2 + 1 Simple Condition main::$3 [10] if(main::i#1<$f) goto main::@1 Successful SSA optimization Pass2ConditionalJumpSimplification Constant main::i#0 = 0 Successful SSA optimization Pass2ConstantIdentification Simplifying expression containing zero fibs in [0] fibs[0] = 0 Successful SSA optimization PassNSimplifyExpressionWithZero Removing unused procedure __start Removing unused procedure block __start Removing unused procedure block __start::@1 Removing unused procedure block __start::@return Successful SSA optimization PassNEliminateEmptyStart Inlining constant with var siblings main::i#0 Constant inlined main::i#0 = 0 Successful SSA optimization Pass2ConstantInlining Consolidated array index constant in *(fibs+1) Consolidated array index constant in assignment (fibs+1)[main::$1] Consolidated array index constant in assignment (fibs+2)[main::$0] Successful SSA optimization Pass2ConstantAdditionElimination Alias main::i#2 = main::$0 main::$1 Successful SSA optimization Pass2AliasElimination Finalized unsigned number type (byte) $f Finalized unsigned number type (byte) $f Successful SSA optimization PassNFinalizeNumberTypeConversions Added new block during phi lifting main::@2(between main::@1 and main::@1) CALL GRAPH Created 1 initial phi equivalence classes Coalesced [8] main::i#3 = main::i#1 Coalesced down to 1 phi equivalence classes Culled Empty Block label main::@2 FINAL CONTROL FLOW GRAPH void main() main: scope:[main] from [0] *fibs = 0 [1] *(fibs+1) = 1 to:main::@1 main::@1: scope:[main] from main main::@1 [2] main::i#2 = phi( main/0, main::@1/main::i#1 ) [3] main::$2 = fibs[main::i#2] + (fibs+1)[main::i#2] [4] (fibs+2)[main::i#2] = main::$2 [5] main::i#1 = ++ main::i#2 [6] if(main::i#1<$f) goto main::@1 to:main::@return main::@return: scope:[main] from main::@1 [7] return to:@return VARIABLE REGISTER WEIGHTS void main() byte~ main::$2 22.0 byte main::i byte main::i#1 16.5 byte main::i#2 18.333333333333332 Initial phi equivalence classes [ main::i#2 main::i#1 ] Added variable main::$2 to live range equivalence class [ main::$2 ] Complete equivalence classes [ main::i#2 main::i#1 ] [ main::$2 ] Allocated zp[1]:2 [ main::i#2 main::i#1 ] Allocated zp[1]:3 [ main::$2 ] REGISTER UPLIFT POTENTIAL REGISTERS Statement [0] *fibs = 0 [ ] ( [ ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a Statement [1] *(fibs+1) = 1 [ ] ( [ ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a Statement [3] main::$2 = fibs[main::i#2] + (fibs+1)[main::i#2] [ main::i#2 main::$2 ] ( [ main::i#2 main::$2 ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a Removing always clobbered register reg byte a as potential for zp[1]:2 [ main::i#2 main::i#1 ] Statement [0] *fibs = 0 [ ] ( [ ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a Statement [1] *(fibs+1) = 1 [ ] ( [ ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a Statement [3] main::$2 = fibs[main::i#2] + (fibs+1)[main::i#2] [ main::i#2 main::$2 ] ( [ main::i#2 main::$2 ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a Potential registers zp[1]:2 [ main::i#2 main::i#1 ] : zp[1]:2 , reg byte x , reg byte y , Potential registers zp[1]:3 [ main::$2 ] : zp[1]:3 , reg byte a , reg byte x , reg byte y , REGISTER UPLIFT SCOPES Uplift Scope [main] 34.83: zp[1]:2 [ main::i#2 main::i#1 ] 22: zp[1]:3 [ main::$2 ] Uplift Scope [] Uplifting [main] best 353 combination reg byte x [ main::i#2 main::i#1 ] reg byte a [ main::$2 ] Uplifting [] best 353 combination ASSEMBLER BEFORE OPTIMIZATION // File Comments // Upstart // Commodore 64 PRG executable file .file [name="fibmem.prg", type="prg", segments="Program"] .segmentdef Program [segments="Basic, Code, Data"] .segmentdef Basic [start=$0801] .segmentdef Code [start=$80d] .segmentdef Data [startAfter="Code"] .segment Basic :BasicUpstart(main) // Global Constants & labels .segment Code // main main: { // [0] *fibs = 0 -- _deref_pbuc1=vbuc2 lda #0 sta fibs // [1] *(fibs+1) = 1 -- _deref_pbuc1=vbuc2 lda #1 sta fibs+1 // [2] phi from main to main::@1 [phi:main->main::@1] __b1_from_main: // [2] phi main::i#2 = 0 [phi:main->main::@1#0] -- vbuxx=vbuc1 ldx #0 jmp __b1 // [2] phi from main::@1 to main::@1 [phi:main::@1->main::@1] __b1_from___b1: // [2] phi main::i#2 = main::i#1 [phi:main::@1->main::@1#0] -- register_copy jmp __b1 // main::@1 __b1: // [3] main::$2 = fibs[main::i#2] + (fibs+1)[main::i#2] -- vbuaa=pbuc1_derefidx_vbuxx_plus_pbuc2_derefidx_vbuxx lda fibs,x clc adc fibs+1,x // [4] (fibs+2)[main::i#2] = main::$2 -- pbuc1_derefidx_vbuxx=vbuaa sta fibs+2,x // [5] main::i#1 = ++ main::i#2 -- vbuxx=_inc_vbuxx inx // [6] if(main::i#1<$f) goto main::@1 -- vbuxx_lt_vbuc1_then_la1 cpx #$f bcc __b1_from___b1 jmp __breturn // main::@return __breturn: // [7] return rts } // File Data .segment Data fibs: .fill $f, 0 ASSEMBLER OPTIMIZATIONS Removing instruction jmp __b1 Removing instruction jmp __breturn Succesful ASM optimization Pass5NextJumpElimination Replacing label __b1_from___b1 with __b1 Removing instruction __b1_from___b1: Succesful ASM optimization Pass5RedundantLabelElimination Removing instruction __b1_from_main: Removing instruction __breturn: Succesful ASM optimization Pass5UnusedLabelElimination Removing instruction jmp __b1 Succesful ASM optimization Pass5NextJumpElimination FINAL SYMBOL TABLE const byte* fibs[$f] = { fill( $f, 0) } void main() byte~ main::$2 reg byte a 22.0 byte main::i byte main::i#1 reg byte x 16.5 byte main::i#2 reg byte x 18.333333333333332 reg byte x [ main::i#2 main::i#1 ] reg byte a [ main::$2 ] FINAL ASSEMBLER Score: 263 // File Comments // Upstart // Commodore 64 PRG executable file .file [name="fibmem.prg", type="prg", segments="Program"] .segmentdef Program [segments="Basic, Code, Data"] .segmentdef Basic [start=$0801] .segmentdef Code [start=$80d] .segmentdef Data [startAfter="Code"] .segment Basic :BasicUpstart(main) // Global Constants & labels .segment Code // main main: { // fibs[0] = 0 // [0] *fibs = 0 -- _deref_pbuc1=vbuc2 lda #0 sta fibs // fibs[1] = 1 // [1] *(fibs+1) = 1 -- _deref_pbuc1=vbuc2 lda #1 sta fibs+1 // [2] phi from main to main::@1 [phi:main->main::@1] // [2] phi main::i#2 = 0 [phi:main->main::@1#0] -- vbuxx=vbuc1 ldx #0 // [2] phi from main::@1 to main::@1 [phi:main::@1->main::@1] // [2] phi main::i#2 = main::i#1 [phi:main::@1->main::@1#0] -- register_copy // main::@1 __b1: // fibs[i]+fibs[i+1] // [3] main::$2 = fibs[main::i#2] + (fibs+1)[main::i#2] -- vbuaa=pbuc1_derefidx_vbuxx_plus_pbuc2_derefidx_vbuxx lda fibs,x clc adc fibs+1,x // fibs[i+2] = fibs[i]+fibs[i+1] // [4] (fibs+2)[main::i#2] = main::$2 -- pbuc1_derefidx_vbuxx=vbuaa sta fibs+2,x // while(++i<15) // [5] main::i#1 = ++ main::i#2 -- vbuxx=_inc_vbuxx inx // [6] if(main::i#1<$f) goto main::@1 -- vbuxx_lt_vbuc1_then_la1 cpx #$f bcc __b1 // main::@return // } // [7] return rts } // File Data .segment Data fibs: .fill $f, 0