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@@ -29,12 +29,6 @@
<p>Written by the <a href="http://llvm.org/">LLVM Team</a></p>
</div>
<h1 style="color:red">These are in-progress notes for the upcoming LLVM 3.1
release.<br>
You may prefer the
<a href="http://llvm.org/releases/3.0/docs/ReleaseNotes.html">LLVM 3.0
Release Notes</a>.</h1>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<h2>
<a name="intro">Introduction</a>
@@ -74,9 +68,9 @@ Release Notes</a>.</h1>
<p>The LLVM 3.1 distribution currently consists of code from the core LLVM
repository (which roughly includes the LLVM optimizers, code generators and
supporting tools), and the Clang repository. In
addition to this code, the LLVM Project includes other sub-projects that are
in development. Here we include updates on these subprojects.</p>
supporting tools), and the Clang repository. In addition to this code, the
LLVM Project includes other sub-projects that are in development. Here we
include updates on these subprojects.</p>
<!--=========================================================================-->
<h3>
@@ -94,7 +88,8 @@ Release Notes</a>.</h1>
production-quality compiler for C, Objective-C, C++ and Objective-C++ on x86
(32- and 64-bit), and for Darwin/ARM targets.</p>
<p>In the LLVM 3.1 time-frame, the Clang team has made many improvements:</p>
<p>In the LLVM 3.1 time-frame, the Clang team has made many improvements.
Highlights include:</p>
<ul>
<li>Greatly expanded <a href="http://clang.llvm.org/cxx_status.html">C++11
support</a> including lambdas, initializer lists, constexpr, user-defined
@@ -106,10 +101,9 @@ Release Notes</a>.</h1>
Objective C</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p>For more details about the changes to Clang since the 3.0 release, see the
<a href="http://clang.llvm.org/docs/ReleaseNotes.html">Clang release notes</a>
</p>
<p>For more details about the changes to Clang since the 3.0 release, see the
<a href="http://clang.llvm.org/docs/ReleaseNotes.html">Clang release
notes.</a></p>
<p>If Clang rejects your code but another compiler accepts it, please take a
look at the <a href="http://clang.llvm.org/compatibility.html">language
@@ -124,6 +118,7 @@ Release Notes</a>.</h1>
</h3>
<div>
<p><a href="http://dragonegg.llvm.org/">DragonEgg</a> is a
<a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/plugins">gcc plugin</a> that replaces GCC's
optimizers and code generators with LLVM's. It works with gcc-4.5 and gcc-4.6
@@ -134,8 +129,7 @@ Release Notes</a>.</h1>
<p>The 3.1 release has the following notable changes:</p>
<ul>
<ul>
<li>Partial support for gcc-4.7. Ada support is poor, but other languages work
fairly well.</li>
@@ -150,7 +144,6 @@ Release Notes</a>.</h1>
aliasing and type ranges to the LLVM optimizers.</li>
<li>A regression test-suite was added.</li>
</ul>
</div>
@@ -171,7 +164,9 @@ Release Notes</a>.</h1>
implementations of this and other low-level routines (some are 3x faster than
the equivalent libgcc routines).</p>
<p>....</p>
<p>As of 3.1, compiler-rt includes the helper functions for atomic operations,
allowing atomic operations on arbitrary-sized quantities to work. These
functions follow the specification defined by gcc and are used by clang.</p>
</div>
@@ -182,12 +177,11 @@ Release Notes</a>.</h1>
<div>
<p>LLDB is a ground-up implementation of a command line debugger, as well as a
debugger API that can be used from other applications. LLDB makes use of the
Clang parser to provide high-fidelity expression parsing (particularly for
C++) and uses the LLVM JIT for target support.</p>
<p>...</p>
<p><a href="http://lldb.llvm.org">LLDB</a> is a ground-up implementation of a
command line debugger, as well as a debugger API that can be used from other
applications. LLDB makes use of the Clang parser to provide high-fidelity
expression parsing (particularly for C++) and uses the LLVM JIT for target
support.</p>
</div>
@@ -202,7 +196,16 @@ Release Notes</a>.</h1>
licensed</a> under the MIT and UIUC license, allowing it to be used more
permissively.</p>
<p>...</p>
<p>Within the LLVM 3.1 time-frame there were the following highlights:</p>
<ul>
<li>The <code>&lt;atomic&gt;</code> header is now passing all tests, when
compiling with clang and linking against the support code from
compiler-rt.</li>
<li>FreeBSD now includes libc++ as part of the base system.</li>
<li>libc++ has been ported to Solaris and, in combination with libcxxrt and
clang, is working with a large body of existing code.</li>
</ul>
</div>
@@ -213,16 +216,12 @@ Release Notes</a>.</h1>
<div>
<p>The <a href="http://vmkit.llvm.org/">VMKit project</a> is an
implementation of a Java Virtual Machine (Java VM or JVM) that uses LLVM for
static and just-in-time compilation.
<p>The <a href="http://vmkit.llvm.org/">VMKit project</a> is an implementation
of a Java Virtual Machine (Java VM or JVM) that uses LLVM for static and
just-in-time compilation.</p>
<p>In the LLVM 3.1 time-frame, VMKit has had significant improvements on both
runtime and startup performance:</p>
<ul>
<li>...</li>
</ul>
<p>In the LLVM 3.1 time-frame, VMKit has had significant improvements on both
runtime and startup performance.</p>
</div>
@@ -234,25 +233,23 @@ Release Notes</a>.</h1>
<div>
<p><a href="http://polly.llvm.org/">Polly</a> is an <em>experimental</em>
<p><a href="http://polly.llvm.org/">Polly</a> is an <em>experimental</em>
optimizer for data locality and parallelism. It currently provides high-level
loop optimizations and automatic parallelisation (using the OpenMP run time).
Work in the area of automatic SIMD and accelerator code generation was
started.
started.</p>
<p>Within the LLVM 3.1 time-frame there were the following highlights:</p>
<p>Within the LLVM 3.1 time-frame there were the following highlights:</p>
<ul>
<ul>
<li>Polly became an official LLVM project</li>
<li>Polly can be loaded directly into clang (Enabled by '-O3 -mllvm -polly'
)</li>
<li>An automatic scheduling optimizer (derived from <a
href="http://pluto-compiler.sourceforge.net/">Pluto</a>) was integrated. It
performs loop transformations to optimize for data-locality and parallelism.
The transformations include, but are not limited to interchange, fusion,
fission, skewing and tiling.
</li>
</ul>
<li>Polly can be loaded directly into clang (enabled by '-O3 -mllvm -polly')</li>
<li>An automatic scheduling optimizer (derived
from <a href="http://pluto-compiler.sourceforge.net/">Pluto</a>) was
integrated. It performs loop transformations to optimize for data-locality
and parallelism. The transformations include, but are not limited to
interchange, fusion, fission, skewing and tiling.</li>
</ul>
</div>
@@ -270,21 +267,143 @@ Release Notes</a>.</h1>
a lot of other language and tools projects. This section lists some of the
projects that have already been updated to work with LLVM 3.1.</p>
<h3>Crack</h3>
<div>
<p><a href="http://code.google.com/p/crack-language/">Crack</a> aims to provide
the ease of development of a scripting language with the performance of a
compiled language. The language derives concepts from C++, Java and Python,
incorporating object-oriented programming, operator overloading and strong
typing.</p>
</div>
<h3>FAUST</h3>
<div>
<p><a href="http://faust.grame.fr/">FAUST</a> is a compiled language for
real-time audio signal processing. The name FAUST stands for Functional
AUdio STream. Its programming model combines two approaches: functional
programming and block diagram composition. In addition with the C, C++, Java,
JavaScript output formats, the Faust compiler can generate LLVM bitcode, and
works with LLVM 2.7-3.1.</p>
</div>
<h3>Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC)</h3>
<div>
<p><a href="http://www.haskell.org/ghc/">GHC</a> is an open source compiler and
programming suite for Haskell, a lazy functional programming language. It
includes an optimizing static compiler generating good code for a variety of
platforms, together with an interactive system for convenient, quick
development.</p>
<p>GHC 7.0 and onwards include an LLVM code generator, supporting LLVM 2.8 and
later.</p>
</div>
<h3>Julia</h3>
<div>
<p><a href="https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia">Julia</a> is a high-level,
high-performance dynamic language for technical computing. It provides a
sophisticated compiler, distributed parallel execution, numerical accuracy,
and an extensive mathematical function library. The compiler uses type
inference to generate fast code without any type declarations, and uses
LLVM's optimization passes and JIT compiler. The
<a href="http://julialang.org/"> Julia Language</a> is designed
around multiple dispatch, giving programs a large degree of flexibility. It
is ready for use on many kinds of problems.</p>
</div>
<h3>LLVM D Compiler</h3>
<div>
<p><a href="https://github.com/ldc-developers/ldc">LLVM D Compiler</a> (LDC) is
a compiler for the D programming Language. It is based on the DMD frontend
and uses LLVM as backend.</p>
</div>
<h3>Open Shading Language</h3>
<div>
<p><a href="https://github.com/imageworks/OpenShadingLanguage/">Open Shading
Language (OSL)</a> is a small but rich language for programmable shading in
advanced global illumination renderers and other applications, ideal for
describing materials, lights, displacement, and pattern generation. It uses
LLVM to JIT complex shader networks to x86 code at runtime.</p>
<p>OSL was developed by Sony Pictures Imageworks for use in its in-house
renderer used for feature film animation and visual effects, and is
distributed as open source software with the "New BSD" license.</p>
</div>
<h3>Portable OpenCL (pocl)</h3>
<div>
<p>In addition to producing an easily portable open source OpenCL
implementation, another major goal of <a href="http://pocl.sourceforge.net/">
pocl</a> is improving performance portability of OpenCL programs with
compiler optimizations, reducing the need for target-dependent manual
optimizations. An important part of pocl is a set of LLVM passes used to
statically parallelize multiple work-items with the kernel compiler, even in
the presence of work-group barriers. This enables static parallelization of
the fine-grained static concurrency in the work groups in multiple ways
(SIMD, VLIW, superscalar,...).</p>
</div>
<h3>Pure</h3>
<p>Pure (http://pure-lang.googlecode.com/) is an algebraic/functional
programming language based on term rewriting. Programs are collections of
equations which are used to evaluate expressions in a symbolic fashion. The
interpreter uses LLVM as a backend to JIT-compile Pure programs to fast native
code. Pure offers dynamic typing, eager and lazy evaluation, lexical closures, a
hygienic macro system (also based on term rewriting), built-in list and matrix
support (including list and matrix comprehensions) and an easy-to-use interface
to C and other programming languages (including the ability to load LLVM bitcode
modules, and inline C, C++, Fortran and Faust code in Pure programs if the
corresponding LLVM-enabled compilers are installed).</p>
<div>
<p><a href="http://pure-lang.googlecode.com/">Pure</a> is an
algebraic/functional programming language based on term rewriting. Programs
are collections of equations which are used to evaluate expressions in a
symbolic fashion. The interpreter uses LLVM as a backend to JIT-compile Pure
programs to fast native code. Pure offers dynamic typing, eager and lazy
evaluation, lexical closures, a hygienic macro system (also based on term
rewriting), built-in list and matrix support (including list and matrix
comprehensions) and an easy-to-use interface to C and other programming
languages (including the ability to load LLVM bitcode modules, and inline C,
C++, Fortran and Faust code in Pure programs if the corresponding
LLVM-enabled compilers are installed).</p>
<p>Pure version 0.54 has been tested and is known to work with LLVM 3.1 (and
continues to work with older LLVM releases >= 2.5).</p>
continues to work with older LLVM releases >= 2.5).</p>
</div>
<h3>TTA-based Co-design Environment (TCE)</h3>
<div>
<p><a href="http://tce.cs.tut.fi/">TCE</a> is a toolset for designing
application-specific processors (ASP) based on the Transport triggered
architecture (TTA). The toolset provides a complete co-design flow from C/C++
programs down to synthesizable VHDL/Verilog and parallel program binaries.
Processor customization points include the register files, function units,
supported operations, and the interconnection network.</p>
<p>TCE uses Clang and LLVM for C/C++ language support, target independent
optimizations and also for parts of code generation. It generates new
LLVM-based code generators "on the fly" for the designed TTA processors and
loads them in to the compiler backend as runtime libraries to avoid
per-target recompilation of larger parts of the compiler chain.</p>
</div>
</div>
@@ -335,7 +454,6 @@ continues to work with older LLVM releases >= 2.5).</p>
A full featured assembler and direct-to-object support for ARM.</li>
<li><a href="#blockplacement">Basic Block Placement</a>
Probability driven basic block placement.</li>
<li>....</li>
</ul>
</div>
@@ -351,18 +469,22 @@ continues to work with older LLVM releases >= 2.5).</p>
<p>LLVM IR has several new features for better support of new targets and that
expose new optimization opportunities:</p>
<ul>
<li>IR support for half float</li>
<li>IR support for vectors of pointers, including vector GEPs.</li>
<li>Module flags have been introduced. They convey information about the
module as a whole to LLVM subsystems.</li>
<li>Loads can now have range metadata attached to them to describe the
possible values being loaded.</li>
<li>Inline cost heuristics have been completely overhauled and now closely
model constant propagation through call sites, disregard trivially dead
code costs, and can model C++ STL iterator patterns.</li>
<li>....</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>A new type representing 16 bit <i>half</i> floating point values has
been added.</li>
<li>IR now supports vectors of pointers, including vector GEPs.</li>
<li>Module flags have been introduced. They convey information about the
module as a whole to LLVM subsystems. This is currently used to encode
Objective C ABI information.</li>
<li>Loads can now have range metadata attached to them to describe the
possible values being loaded.</li>
<li>The <tt>llvm.ctlz</tt> and <tt>llvm.cttz</tt> intrinsics now have an
additional argument which indicates whether the behavior of the intrinsic
is undefined on a zero input. This can be used to generate more efficient
code on platforms that only have instructions which don't return the type
size when counting bits in 0.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!--=========================================================================-->
@@ -385,7 +507,9 @@ continues to work with older LLVM releases >= 2.5).</p>
post-vectorization cleanup passes. For more information, see the EuroLLVM
2012 slides: <a href="http://llvm.org/devmtg/2012-04-12/Slides/Hal_Finkel.pdf">
Autovectorization with LLVM</a>.</li>
<li>....</li>
<li>Inline cost heuristics have been completely overhauled and now closely
model constant propagation through call sites, disregard trivially dead
code costs, and can model C++ STL iterator patterns.</li>
</ul>
</div>
@@ -405,7 +529,9 @@ continues to work with older LLVM releases >= 2.5).</p>
to the LLVM MC Project Blog Post</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li>....</li>
<li>The integrated assembler can optionally emit debug information when
assembling a </tt>.s</tt> file. It can be enabled by passing the
<tt>-g</tt> option to <tt>llvm-mc</tt>.</li>
</ul>
</div>
@@ -442,6 +568,9 @@ continues to work with older LLVM releases >= 2.5).</p>
representation of large clobber lists on call instructions. The register
mask operand references a bit mask of preserved registers. Everything else
is clobbered.</li>
<li>The DWARF debug info writer gained support for emitting data for the
<a href="SourceLevelDebugging.html#acceltable">name accelerator tables
DWARF extension</a>. It is used by LLDB to speed up name lookup.</li>
</ul>
<p> We added new TableGen infrastructure to support bundling for
@@ -475,13 +604,14 @@ static heuristics as well as source code annotations such as
<p>New features and major changes in the X86 target include:</p>
<ul>
<li>Bug fixes and improved support for AVX1</li>
<li>Support for AVX2 (still incomplete at this point)</li>
<li>Greatly improved support for AVX2.</li>
<li>Lots of bug fixes and improvements for AVX1.</li>
<li>Support for the FMA4 and XOP instruction set extensions.</li>
<li>Call instructions use the new register mask operands for faster compile
times and better support for different calling conventions. The old WINCALL
instructions are no longer needed.</li>
<li>DW2 Exception Handling is enabled on Cygwin and MinGW.</li>
<li>Support for implicit TLS model used with MS VC runtime</li>
<li>Support for implicit TLS model used with MSVC runtime.</li>
</ul>
</div>
@@ -526,15 +656,38 @@ syntax, there are still significant gaps in that support.</p>
</h3>
<div>
<p>This release has seen major new work on just about every aspect of the MIPS
backend. Some of the major new features include:</p>
New features and major changes in the MIPS target include:</p>
<ul>
<li>....</li>
<li>MIPS32 little-endian direct object code emission is functional.</li>
<li>MIPS64 little-endian code generation is largely functional for N64 ABI in assembly printing mode with the exception of handling of long double (f128) type.</li>
<li>Support for new instructions has been added, which includes swap-bytes
instructions (WSBH and DSBH), floating point multiply-add/subtract and
negative multiply-add/subtract instructions, and floating
point load/store instructions with reg+reg addressing (LWXC1, etc.)</li>
<li>Various fixes to improve performance have been implemented.</li>
<li>Post-RA scheduling is now enabled at -O3.</li>
<li>Support for soft-float code generation has been added.</li>
<li>clang driver's support for MIPS 64-bits targets.</li>
<li>Support for MIPS floating point ABI option in clang driver.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!--=========================================================================-->
<h3>
<a name="PTX">PTX Target Improvements</a>
</h3>
<div>
<p>An outstanding conditional inversion bug was fixed in this release.</p>
<p><b>NOTE</b>: LLVM 3.1 marks the last release of the PTX back-end, in its
current form. The back-end is currently being replaced by the NVPTX
back-end, currently in SVN ToT.</p>
</div>
<!--=========================================================================-->
<h3>
<a name="OtherTS">Other Target Specific Improvements</a>
@@ -542,12 +695,8 @@ syntax, there are still significant gaps in that support.</p>
<div>
<p>Support for Qualcomm's Hexagon VLIW processor has been added.</p>
<ul>
<li>....</li>
<li>Support for Qualcomm's Hexagon VLIW processor has been added.</li>
</ul>
</div>
@@ -564,6 +713,12 @@ syntax, there are still significant gaps in that support.</p>
from the previous release.</p>
<ul>
<li>LLVM's build system now requires a python 2 interpreter to be present at
build time. A perl interpreter is no longer required.</li>
<li>The C backend has been removed. It had numerous problems, to the point of
not being able to compile any nontrivial program.</li>
<li>The Alpha, Blackfin and SystemZ targets have been removed due to lack of
maintenance.</li>
<li>LLVM 3.1 removes support for reading LLVM 2.9 bitcode files. Going
forward, we aim for all future versions of LLVM to read bitcode files and
<tt>.ll</tt> files produced by LLVM 3.0 and later.</li>
@@ -573,7 +728,6 @@ syntax, there are still significant gaps in that support.</p>
<li>LLVM 3.0 and earlier automatically added the returns_twice fo functions
like setjmp based on the name. This functionality was removed in 3.1.
This affects Clang users, if -ffreestanding is used.</li>
<li>....</li>
</ul>
</div>
@@ -620,9 +774,9 @@ syntax, there are still significant gaps in that support.</p>
<li><code>llvm::getTrapFunctionName()</code></li>
<li><code>llvm::EnableSegmentedStacks</code></li>
</ul></li>
<li>The MDBuilder class has been added to simplify the creation of
metadata.</li>
<li>....</li>
<li>The <code>MDBuilder</code> class has been added to simplify the creation
of metadata.</li>
</ul>
</div>
@@ -639,16 +793,37 @@ syntax, there are still significant gaps in that support.</p>
<ul>
<li>llvm-stress is a command line tool for generating random .ll files to fuzz
different LLVM components. </li>
<li>llvm-ld has been removed. Use llvm-link or Clang instead.</li>
<li>....</li>
<li><tt>llvm-stress</tt> is a command line tool for generating random
<tt>.ll</tt> files to fuzz different LLVM components. </li>
<li>The <tt>llvm-ld</tt> tool has been removed. The clang driver provides a
more reliable solution for turning a set of bitcode files into a binary.
To merge bitcode files <tt>llvm-link</tt> can be used instead.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!--=========================================================================-->
<h3>
<a name="python">Python Bindings</a>
</h3>
<div>
<p>Officially supported Python bindings have been added! Feature support is far
from complete. The current bindings support interfaces to:</p>
<ul>
<li>....</li>
<li>Object File Interface</li>
<li>Disassembler</li>
</ul>
<p>Using the Object File Interface, it is possible to inspect binary object files.
Think of it as a Python version of readelf or llvm-objdump.</p>
<p>Support for additional features is currently being developed by community
contributors. If you are interested in shaping the direction of the Python
bindings, please express your intent on IRC or the developers list.</p>
</div>
</div>
@@ -673,18 +848,13 @@ syntax, there are still significant gaps in that support.</p>
<p>Known problem areas include:</p>
<ul>
<li>The Alpha, Blackfin, CellSPU, MSP430, PTX, SystemZ and
XCore backends are experimental, and the Alpha, Blackfin and SystemZ
targets have already been removed from mainline.</li>
<li>The CellSPU, MSP430, PTX and XCore backends are experimental.</li>
<li>The integrated assembler, disassembler, and JIT is not supported by
several targets. If an integrated assembler is not supported, then a
system assembler is required. For more details, see the <a
href="CodeGenerator.html#targetfeatures">Target Features Matrix</a>.
</li>
<li>The C backend has numerous problems and is not being actively maintained.
Depending on it for anything serious is not advised.</li>
</ul>
</div>