The default for 64-bit PowerPC is small code model, in which TOC entries
must be addressable using a 16-bit offset from the TOC pointer. Additionally,
only TOC entries are addressed via the TOC pointer.
With medium code model, TOC entries and data sections can all be addressed
via the TOC pointer using a 32-bit offset. Cooperation with the linker
allows 16-bit offsets to be used when these are sufficient, reducing the
number of extra instructions that need to be executed. Medium code model
also does not generate explicit TOC entries in ".section toc" for variables
that are wholly internal to the compilation unit.
Consider a load of an external 4-byte integer. With small code model, the
compiler generates:
ld 3, .LC1@toc(2)
lwz 4, 0(3)
.section .toc,"aw",@progbits
.LC1:
.tc ei[TC],ei
With medium model, it instead generates:
addis 3, 2, .LC1@toc@ha
ld 3, .LC1@toc@l(3)
lwz 4, 0(3)
.section .toc,"aw",@progbits
.LC1:
.tc ei[TC],ei
Here .LC1@toc@ha is a relocation requesting the upper 16 bits of the
32-bit offset of ei's TOC entry from the TOC base pointer. Similarly,
.LC1@toc@l is a relocation requesting the lower 16 bits. Note that if
the linker determines that ei's TOC entry is within a 16-bit offset of
the TOC base pointer, it will replace the "addis" with a "nop", and
replace the "ld" with the identical "ld" instruction from the small
code model example.
Consider next a load of a function-scope static integer. For small code
model, the compiler generates:
ld 3, .LC1@toc(2)
lwz 4, 0(3)
.section .toc,"aw",@progbits
.LC1:
.tc test_fn_static.si[TC],test_fn_static.si
.type test_fn_static.si,@object
.local test_fn_static.si
.comm test_fn_static.si,4,4
For medium code model, the compiler generates:
addis 3, 2, test_fn_static.si@toc@ha
addi 3, 3, test_fn_static.si@toc@l
lwz 4, 0(3)
.type test_fn_static.si,@object
.local test_fn_static.si
.comm test_fn_static.si,4,4
Again, the linker may replace the "addis" with a "nop", calculating only
a 16-bit offset when this is sufficient.
Note that it would be more efficient for the compiler to generate:
addis 3, 2, test_fn_static.si@toc@ha
lwz 4, test_fn_static.si@toc@l(3)
The current patch does not perform this optimization yet. This will be
addressed as a peephole optimization in a later patch.
For the moment, the default code model for 64-bit PowerPC will remain the
small code model. We plan to eventually change the default to medium code
model, which matches current upstream GCC behavior. Note that the different
code models are ABI-compatible, so code compiled with different models will
be linked and execute correctly.
I've tested the regression suite and the application/benchmark test suite in
two ways: Once with the patch as submitted here, and once with additional
logic to force medium code model as the default. The tests all compile
cleanly, with one exception. The mandel-2 application test fails due to an
unrelated ABI compatibility with passing complex numbers. It just so happens
that small code model was incredibly lucky, in that temporary values in
floating-point registers held the expected values needed by the external
library routine that was called incorrectly. My current thought is to correct
the ABI problems with _Complex before making medium code model the default,
to avoid introducing this "regression."
Here are a few comments on how the patch works, since the selection code
can be difficult to follow:
The existing logic for small code model defines three pseudo-instructions:
LDtoc for most uses, LDtocJTI for jump table addresses, and LDtocCPT for
constant pool addresses. These are expanded by SelectCodeCommon(). The
pseudo-instruction approach doesn't work for medium code model, because
we need to generate two instructions when we match the same pattern.
Instead, new logic in PPCDAGToDAGISel::Select() intercepts the TOC_ENTRY
node for medium code model, and generates an ADDIStocHA followed by either
a LDtocL or an ADDItocL. These new node types correspond naturally to
the sequences described above.
The addis/ld sequence is generated for the following cases:
* Jump table addresses
* Function addresses
* External global variables
* Tentative definitions of global variables (common linkage)
The addis/addi sequence is generated for the following cases:
* Constant pool entries
* File-scope static global variables
* Function-scope static variables
Expanding to the two-instruction sequences at select time exposes the
instructions to subsequent optimization, particularly scheduling.
The rest of the processing occurs at assembly time, in
PPCAsmPrinter::EmitInstruction. Each of the instructions is converted to
a "real" PowerPC instruction. When a TOC entry needs to be created, this
is done here in the same manner as for the existing LDtoc, LDtocJTI, and
LDtocCPT pseudo-instructions (I factored out a new routine to handle this).
I had originally thought that if a TOC entry was needed for LDtocL or
ADDItocL, it would already have been generated for the previous ADDIStocHA.
However, at higher optimization levels, the ADDIStocHA may appear in a
different block, which may be assembled textually following the block
containing the LDtocL or ADDItocL. So it is necessary to include the
possibility of creating a new TOC entry for those two instructions.
Note that for LDtocL, we generate a new form of LD called LDrs. This
allows specifying the @toc@l relocation for the offset field of the LD
instruction (i.e., the offset is replaced by a SymbolLo relocation).
When the peephole optimization described above is added, we will need
to do similar things for all immediate-form load and store operations.
The seven "mcm-n.ll" test cases are kept separate because otherwise the
intermingling of various TOC entries and so forth makes the tests fragile
and hard to understand.
The above assumes use of an external assembler. For use of the
integrated assembler, new relocations are added and used by
PPCELFObjectWriter. Testing is done with "mcm-obj.ll", which tests for
proper generation of the various relocations for the same sequences
tested with the external assembler.
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isa<> et al. automatically infer when the cast is an upcast (including a
self-cast), so these are no longer necessary.
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This enables the linker to match concrete relocation types (absolute or relative) with whatever library or C++ support code is being linked against.
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file error checking. Use that to error on an unfinished cfi_startproc.
The error is not nice, but is already better than a segmentation fault.
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VK_PPC_{HA,LO}16 into darwin and gas variants.
Darwin wants {ha,lo}16(symbol) while gnu as wants symbol@{ha,l}.
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in the right direction. It eliminated some hacks and will unblock codegen
work. But it's far from being done. It doesn't reject illegal expressions,
e.g. (FOO - :lower16:BAR). It also doesn't work in Thumb2 mode at all.
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actuall addresses in a .o file, so it is better to let the MachO writer compute
it.
This is good for two reasons. First, areas that shouldn't care about
addresses now don't have access to it. Second, the layout of each section
is independent. I should use this in a subsequent commit to speed it up.
Most of the patch is just removing the section address computation. The two
interesting parts are the change on how we handle padding in the end
of sections and how MachO can get the address of a-b when a and b are in
different sections.
Since now the expression evaluation normally doesn't know the section address,
it will think that a-b needs relocation and let the MachO writer know. Once
it has computed the section addresses, it calls back the expression evaluation
with the section addresses to resolve these expressions.
The remaining problem is the handling of padding. Currently it will create
a special alignment fragment at the end. Since that fragment doesn't update
the alignment of the section, it needs the real address to be computed.
Since now the layout will not compute a-b with a and b in different sections,
the only effect that the special alignment fragment has is update the
address size of the section. This can also be done by the MachO writer.
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nodes to indicate when ha16/lo16 modifiers should be used. This lets
us pass PowerPC/indirectbr.ll.
The one annoying thing about this patch is that the MCSymbolExpr isn't
expressive enough to represent ha16(label1-label2) which we need on
PowerPC. I have a terrible hack in the meantime, but this will have
to be revisited at some point.
Last major conversion item left is global variable references.
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on the operand, required for .o file writing and fixing
the PowerPC/mult-alt-generic-powerpc64.ll failure with the new
instprinter.
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VariantKind marker to indicate the additional information necessary. Update
MC to handle the new Kinds. rdar://8647623
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single object format can be shared.
This also adds support for
mov zed+(bar-foo), %eax
on ELF and COFF targets.
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new VariantKind to the MCSymbolExpr seems like overkill, but I'm not sure
there's a more straightforward way to get the printing difference captured.
(i.e., x86 uses @PLT, ARM uses (PLT)).
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create symbols. It is extremely error prone and a source of a lot
of the remaining integrated assembler bugs on x86-64.
This fixes rdar://7807601.
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- Although it would be nice to allow this decoupling, the assembler needs to be able to reason about MCSymbolRefExprs in too many places to make this viable. We can use a target specific encoding of the variant if this becomes an issue.
- This patch also extends llvm-mc to support parsing of the modifiers, as opposed to lumping them in with the symbol.
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