Benjamin Kramer 2746000f4f Add APFloat::getExactInverse.
The idea is, that if an ieee 754 float is divided by a power of two, we can
turn the division into a cheaper multiplication. This function sees if we can
get an exact multiplicative inverse for a divisor and returns it if possible.

This is the hard part of PR9587.

I tested many inputs against llvm-gcc's frotend implementation of this
optimization and didn't find any difference. However, floating point is the
land of weird edge cases, so any review would be appreciated.

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@128545 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
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Design Of lib/System
====================

The software in this directory is designed to completely shield LLVM from any
and all operating system specific functionality. It is not intended to be a
complete operating system wrapper (such as ACE), but only to provide the
functionality necessary to support LLVM.

The software located here, of necessity, has very specific and stringent design
rules. Violation of these rules means that cracks in the shield could form and
the primary goal of the library is defeated. By consistently using this library,
LLVM becomes more easily ported to new platforms since the only thing requiring
porting is this library.

Complete documentation for the library can be found in the file:
  llvm/docs/SystemLibrary.html
or at this URL:
  http://llvm.org/docs/SystemLibrary.html

While we recommend that you read the more detailed documentation, for the
impatient, here's a high level summary of the library's requirements.

 1. No system header files are to be exposed through the interface.
 2. Std C++ and Std C header files are okay to be exposed through the interface.
 3. No exposed system-specific functions.
 4. No exposed system-specific data.
 5. Data in lib/System classes must use only simple C++ intrinsic types.
 6. Errors are handled by returning "true" and setting an optional std::string
 7. Library must not throw any exceptions, period.
 8. Interface functions must not have throw() specifications.
 9. No duplicate function impementations are permitted within an operating
    system class.

To accomplish these requirements, the library has numerous design criteria that
must be satisfied. Here's a high level summary of the library's design criteria:

 1. No unused functionality (only what LLVM needs)
 2. High-Level Interfaces
 3. Use Opaque Classes
 4. Common Implementations
 5. Multiple Implementations
 6. Minimize Memory Allocation
 7. No Virtual Methods