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millfork/docs/abi/undocumented.md
2019-08-05 14:07:33 +02:00

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# Undocumented opcodes
## 6502
Original 6502 processors accidentally supported a bunch of extra undocumented instructions.
Millfork can emit them if so desired.
#### Mnemonics
Since various assemblers use different mnemonics for undocumented opcodes,
Millfork supports multiple mnemonics per opcode. The default one is given first:
* **AHX**, AXA, SHA
* **ALR**
* **ANC**
* **ARR**
* **DCP**, DCM
* **ISC**, INS
* **LAS**
* **LAX**
* **LXA**, OAL
* **RLA**
* **RRA**
* **SAX**\*
* **SHX**, XAS
* **SHY**, SAY\*
* **SBX**, AXS\*\*
* **SRE**, LSE
* **SLO**, ASO
* **TAS**
* **XAA**, ANE
\* HuC2680 has different instructions also called SAX and SAY,
but Millfork can distinguish between them and the NMOS illegal instructions based on the addressing mode.
\*\* AXS is also used for SAX in some assemblers. Millfork interprets AXS based on the addressing mode.
#### Generation
In order for the compiler to emit one of those opcodes,
an appropriate CPU architecture must be chosen (`nmos` or `ricoh`)
and either it must appear in an assembly block or it may be a result of optimization.
Optimization will never emit any of the following opcodes due to their instability and/or uselessness:
AHX, LAS, LXA, SHX, SHY, TAS, XAA.
## Z80
Original Z80 processors accidentally supported a bunch of extra undocumented instructions.
Millfork will not emit them.
The only exception is SLL, which will be emitted if it occurs in a handwritten assembly block.
## 8085
Since various assemblers use different mnemonics for undocumented opcodes,
Millfork supports multiple mnemonics per opcode. The default one is given first:
Intel syntax | Zilog syntax
----|----
**DSUB** | **DSUB**
**ARHL**, RRHL | **SRA HL**
**RLDE**, RDEL | **RL DE**
**LDHI n** | **LD DE,(HL+n)**
**LDSI n** | **LD DE,(SP+n)**
**LHLX** | **LD HL,(DE)**
**SHLX** | **LD (DE),HL**
**JK n**, JX5 n | **JP K,n**; JP X5,n
**JNK n**, JNX5 n | **JP NK,n**; JP NX5,n
**RSTV**, OVRST8 | **RSTV**
#### Generation
If enabled, The compiler will only emit the following undocumented instructions from Millfork code:
DSUB, LHLX, SHLX, LDSI, LDHI
The optimizer does not track the K and V flags. Use `JK`, `JNK` and `RSTV` with care.
## 8086
Undocumented instructions are not supported.