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mode7: update document a bit
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@ -3,6 +3,31 @@
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\usepackage{url}
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\usepackage{url}
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\usepackage{hyperref}
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\usepackage{hyperref}
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\usepackage{fancyvrb}
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\usepackage{fancyvrb}
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\usepackage{fancyhdr}
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\usepackage{hyperref}
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\pagestyle{fancy}
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\fancypagestyle{firststyle}
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{
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\fancyhf{}
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\fancyhead[C]{A version of this document appeared in PoC~\textbar\textbar~GTFO 0x18}
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\fancyfoot{}
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}
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%\fancyhead{}
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%\fancyfoot{}
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%\fancyhead[CO,CE]{A version of this document appeared in PoC || GTFO 0x18}
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%\fancyfoot[C] {\thepage}
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%\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
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%\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
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\begin{document}
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\begin{document}
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@ -11,14 +36,16 @@
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\date{}
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\date{}
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\maketitle
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\maketitle
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\thispagestyle{firststyle}
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\section{Why would anyone do this?}
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\section{Why would anyone do this?}
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While making an inside-joke filled game for my retro system of choice,
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While making an inside-joke filled game for my retro system of choice,
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the Apple II, I needed to create a Final-Fantasy-esque
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the Apple~II, I needed to create a Final-Fantasy-esque
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flying-over-the-planet sequence.
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flying-over-the-planet sequence.
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I was originally going to fake this, but why fake graphics when you
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I was originally going to fake this, but why fake graphics when you
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can laboriously spend weeks implementing the effect for real.
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can laboriously spend weeks implementing the effect for real?
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It turns out the Apple II is just barely capable of generating
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It turns out the Apple~II is just barely capable of generating
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the effect in real time.
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the effect in real time.
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Once I got the code working I realized it would be great as part of a
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Once I got the code working I realized it would be great as part of a
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@ -37,10 +64,10 @@ combined with dimly remembered Commodore 64 and Amiga usenet flamewars.
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While I hope you enjoy the description of the demo and the work that
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While I hope you enjoy the description of the demo and the work that
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went into it, I suspect this whole enterprise is primarily of note
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went into it, I suspect this whole enterprise is primarily of note
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due to the dearth of demos for the Apple II platform.
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due to the dearth of demos for the Apple~II platform.
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%So in the end this ends up being impressive mostly because so few people
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%So in the end this ends up being impressive mostly because so few people
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%have bothered to write demos for this particular platform.
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%have bothered to write demos for this particular platform.
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If you are truly interested in seeing impressive Apple II demos,
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If you are truly interested in seeing impressive Apple~II demos,
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I would like to make a shout out to FrenchTouch whose works
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I would like to make a shout out to FrenchTouch whose works
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put this one to shame.
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put this one to shame.
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@ -93,7 +120,7 @@ put this one to shame.
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\section{The Hardware}
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\section{The Hardware}
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The Apple II was introduced in 1977.
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The Apple~II was introduced in 1977.
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In theory this demo will run on hardware that old, although I do
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In theory this demo will run on hardware that old, although I do
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not have access to a system of that vintage.
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not have access to a system of that vintage.
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I like to troll Commodore fans by noting this predates the Commodore 64 by
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I like to troll Commodore fans by noting this predates the Commodore 64 by
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@ -160,8 +187,9 @@ on which colors can be next to each other (in blocks of 3.5 pixels).
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There is plenty of fringing on edges, and colors change depending on
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There is plenty of fringing on edges, and colors change depending on
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whether they are drawn at odd or even locations.
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whether they are drawn at odd or even locations.
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To add to the madness, the framebuffer is interleaved in a complex way,
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To add to the madness, the framebuffer is interleaved in a complex way,
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and pixels are drawn least-significant-bit first (all of this to make
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and pixels are drawn least-significant-bit first (all of this to get
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DRAM refresh better and to shave a few 7400 series logic chips from the design).
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DRAM refresh for free and to shave a few 7400 series logic chips from
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the design).
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You do get two pages of graphics, Page 1 is at
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You do get two pages of graphics, Page 1 is at
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{\tt \$2000}\footnote{On 6502 systems hexadecimal values are
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{\tt \$2000}\footnote{On 6502 systems hexadecimal values are
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traditionally indicated by a dollar sign}
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traditionally indicated by a dollar sign}
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@ -302,7 +330,7 @@ and {\tt \$4C00}.
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The image data at {\tt \$4000} maps to (mostly)
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The image data at {\tt \$4000} maps to (mostly)
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harmless code so it is left in place and executed.
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harmless code so it is left in place and executed.
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Making this work turned out to be more trouble than it was worth, especially
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Making this work turned out to be more trouble than it was worth, especially
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as the logo is not visible in the youtube capture of the demo (the movie
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as the logo is not visible in the youtube capture of the demo (the video
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compression does not handle screens full of seemingly random noise well).
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compression does not handle screens full of seemingly random noise well).
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The demo was optimized to fit in 8k.
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The demo was optimized to fit in 8k.
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@ -358,7 +386,7 @@ though we are double-buffering the graphics.
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Sadly there is not a reliable cross-platform way to get the VBLANK info
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Sadly there is not a reliable cross-platform way to get the VBLANK info
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on Apple II machines, especially the older models.
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on Apple II machines, especially the older models.
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This is even more noticeable in the recorded video, as the capture card and
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This is even more noticeable in the recorded video, as the capture card and
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movie encoding conspire to make this look worse than things look in person.
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video encoding conspire to make this look worse than things look in person.
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\subsection{MOCKINGBOARD MUSIC}
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\subsection{MOCKINGBOARD MUSIC}
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@ -411,7 +439,10 @@ interrupt at 25Hz.
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% Apple II has no timers).
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% Apple II has no timers).
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Why 25Hz and not 50Hz? At 50Hz with 14 registers you use 700 bytes/s.
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Why 25Hz and not 50Hz? At 50Hz with 14 registers you use 700 bytes/s.
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So a 2 minute song would take 84k of RAM, which is much more than is available.
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So a 2 minute song would take 84k of RAM, which is much more than is available.
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To allow the song to fit in memory (without a fancy circular buffer
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Also the Disk II requires hard real-time response involving the full
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CPU to read from disk, so it is not possible to read more data while
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the demo is running.
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To allow the song to fit in memory (without the fancy circular buffer
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decompression routine utilized in my VMW Chiptune music-disk demo) we have
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decompression routine utilized in my VMW Chiptune music-disk demo) we have
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to reduce the size.
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to reduce the size.
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First the music is changed so it only needs to be updated at 25Hz.
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First the music is changed so it only needs to be updated at 25Hz.
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@ -452,6 +483,9 @@ this line):
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\[h = \frac{d}{xscale}\]
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\[h = \frac{d}{xscale}\]
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Then calculate delta x and delta y values between each block on the line.
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Then calculate delta x and delta y values between each block on the line.
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We use a pre-computed sine/cosine lookup table.
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We use a pre-computed sine/cosine lookup table.
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\pagebreak
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\[dx = -sin(angle) \times h\]
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\[dx = -sin(angle) \times h\]
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\[dy = cos(angle) \times h\]
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\[dy = cos(angle) \times h\]
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The leftmost position in the tile lookup is calculated:
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The leftmost position in the tile lookup is calculated:
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