diff --git a/compiler/src/prog8/ast/AstToplevel.kt b/compiler/src/prog8/ast/AstToplevel.kt
index 1d492a31f..3ba9004d5 100644
--- a/compiler/src/prog8/ast/AstToplevel.kt
+++ b/compiler/src/prog8/ast/AstToplevel.kt
@@ -80,8 +80,7 @@ class GlobalNamespace(val modules: List<Module>): Node, INameScope {
                 if(struct.statements.any { (it as VarDecl).name == scopedName.last()}) {
                     // return ref to the mangled name variable
                     val mangled = mangledStructMemberName(thing.name, scopedName.last())
-                    val mangledVar = thing.definingScope().getLabelOrVariable(mangled)
-                    return mangledVar
+                    return thing.definingScope().getLabelOrVariable(mangled)
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/compiler/src/prog8/ast/Interfaces.kt b/compiler/src/prog8/ast/Interfaces.kt
index 04c46a38e..924de2280 100644
--- a/compiler/src/prog8/ast/Interfaces.kt
+++ b/compiler/src/prog8/ast/Interfaces.kt
@@ -144,8 +144,7 @@ interface INameScope {
                 if(struct.statements.any { (it as VarDecl).name == scopedName.last()}) {
                     // return ref to the mangled name variable
                     val mangled = mangledStructMemberName(thing.name, scopedName.last())
-                    val mangledVar = thing.definingScope().getLabelOrVariable(mangled)
-                    return mangledVar
+                    return thing.definingScope().getLabelOrVariable(mangled)
                 }
             }
 
diff --git a/compiler/src/prog8/ast/antlr/Antr2Kotlin.kt b/compiler/src/prog8/ast/antlr/Antr2Kotlin.kt
index 4cd1c25fe..b13a6006e 100644
--- a/compiler/src/prog8/ast/antlr/Antr2Kotlin.kt
+++ b/compiler/src/prog8/ast/antlr/Antr2Kotlin.kt
@@ -102,9 +102,9 @@ private fun prog8Parser.StatementContext.toAst() : IStatement {
                 it.varname.text,
                 it.structname.text,
                 null,
-                false,
-                false,
-                it.toPosition()
+                isArray = false,
+                autogeneratedDontRemove = false,
+                position = it.toPosition()
         )
     }
 
@@ -522,10 +522,6 @@ private fun prog8Parser.BooleanliteralContext.toAst() = when(text) {
 private fun prog8Parser.ArrayliteralContext.toAst() : Array<IExpression> =
         expression().map { it.toAst() }.toTypedArray()
 
-private fun prog8Parser.StructliteralContext.toAst() : Array<IExpression> =
-        expression().map { it.toAst() }.toTypedArray()
-
-
 private fun prog8Parser.If_stmtContext.toAst(): IfStatement {
     val condition = expression().toAst()
     val trueStatements = statement_block()?.toAst() ?: mutableListOf(statement().toAst())
diff --git a/compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/AstIdentifiersChecker.kt b/compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/AstIdentifiersChecker.kt
index 54ca75fa5..c93809c2a 100644
--- a/compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/AstIdentifiersChecker.kt
+++ b/compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/AstIdentifiersChecker.kt
@@ -210,10 +210,7 @@ internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val program: Program) : IAstModifyi
             val lval = returnStmt.value as? NumericLiteralValue
             if(lval!=null) {
                 val adjusted = lval.cast(subroutine.returntypes.single())
-                if(adjusted!=null && adjusted !== lval)
-                    newValue = adjusted
-                else
-                    newValue = lval
+                newValue = if(adjusted!=null && adjusted !== lval) adjusted else lval
             } else {
                 newValue = returnStmt.value!!
             }
diff --git a/compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/StatementReorderer.kt b/compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/StatementReorderer.kt
index 5e97c6de9..bdd53db7a 100644
--- a/compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/StatementReorderer.kt
+++ b/compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/StatementReorderer.kt
@@ -232,14 +232,14 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(private val program: Program): IAstModifyingVi
                 return assg  // do NOT flatten it at this point!! (the compiler will take care if it, later, if needed)
 
             val assignments = flattenStructAssignmentFromIdentifier(assg, program)    //   'structvar1 = structvar2'
-            if(assignments.isEmpty()) {
+            return if(assignments.isEmpty()) {
                 // something went wrong (probably incompatible struct types)
                 // we'll get an error later from the AstChecker
-                return assg
+                assg
             } else {
                 val scope = AnonymousScope(assignments.toMutableList(), assg.position)
                 scope.linkParents(assg.parent)
-                return scope
+                scope
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/VarInitValueAndAddressOfCreator.kt b/compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/VarInitValueAndAddressOfCreator.kt
index c3cffa31b..649827e6d 100644
--- a/compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/VarInitValueAndAddressOfCreator.kt
+++ b/compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/VarInitValueAndAddressOfCreator.kt
@@ -33,6 +33,17 @@ internal class VarInitValueAndAddressOfCreator(private val namespace: INameScope
 
     override fun visit(decl: VarDecl): IStatement {
         super.visit(decl)
+
+        if(decl.isArray && decl.value==null) {
+            // array datatype without initialization value, add list of zeros
+            val arraysize = decl.arraysize!!.size()!!
+            val array = ReferenceLiteralValue(decl.datatype, null,
+                    Array(arraysize) { NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, decl.position) },
+                    null, decl.position)
+            array.addToHeap(heap)
+            decl.value = array
+        }
+
         if(decl.type!= VarDeclType.VAR || decl.value==null)
             return decl
 
@@ -47,7 +58,7 @@ internal class VarInitValueAndAddressOfCreator(private val namespace: INameScope
                     }
                     else
                         declvalue
-            val identifierName = listOf(decl.name)    //  // TODO this was: (scoped name) decl.scopedname.split(".")
+            val identifierName = listOf(decl.name)    // this was: (scoped name) decl.scopedname.split(".")
             return VariableInitializationAssignment(
                     AssignTarget(null, IdentifierReference(identifierName, decl.position), null, null, decl.position),
                     null,
@@ -55,6 +66,7 @@ internal class VarInitValueAndAddressOfCreator(private val namespace: INameScope
                     decl.position
             )
         }
+
         return decl
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/src/prog8/ast/statements/AstStatements.kt b/compiler/src/prog8/ast/statements/AstStatements.kt
index 0b8ac78db..77d169131 100644
--- a/compiler/src/prog8/ast/statements/AstStatements.kt
+++ b/compiler/src/prog8/ast/statements/AstStatements.kt
@@ -356,24 +356,6 @@ data class AssignTarget(val register: Register?,
         return null
     }
 
-    fun shortString(withTypePrefix: Boolean=false): String {
-        if(register!=null)
-            return (if(withTypePrefix) "0register::" else "") + register.name
-        if(identifier!=null)
-            return (if(withTypePrefix) "3identifier::" else "") + identifier.nameInSource.last()
-        if(arrayindexed!=null)
-            return (if(withTypePrefix) "2arrayidx::" else "") + arrayindexed.identifier.nameInSource.last()
-        val address = memoryAddress?.addressExpression
-        if(address is NumericLiteralValue)
-            return (if(withTypePrefix) "1address::" else "") +address.number.toString()
-        else if(address is ReferenceLiteralValue)
-            throw FatalAstException("assigntarget is a reference literal")
-        return if(withTypePrefix) "???::???" else "???"
-    }
-
-    fun isMemoryMapped(namespace: INameScope): Boolean =
-            memoryAddress!=null || (identifier?.targetVarDecl(namespace)?.type== VarDeclType.MEMORY)
-
     infix fun isSameAs(value: IExpression): Boolean {
         return when {
             this.memoryAddress!=null -> false
diff --git a/compiler/src/prog8/compiler/AstToSourceCode.kt b/compiler/src/prog8/compiler/AstToSourceCode.kt
index 4623c9fcd..63dc23227 100644
--- a/compiler/src/prog8/compiler/AstToSourceCode.kt
+++ b/compiler/src/prog8/compiler/AstToSourceCode.kt
@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ import prog8.ast.processing.IAstVisitor
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 
 class AstToSourceCode(val output: (text: String) -> Unit, val program: Program): IAstVisitor {
-    var scopelevel = 0
+    private var scopelevel = 0
 
-    fun indent(s: String) = "    ".repeat(scopelevel) + s
-    fun outputln(text: String) = output(text + "\n")
-    fun outputlni(s: Any) = outputln(indent(s.toString()))
-    fun outputi(s: Any) = output(indent(s.toString()))
+    private fun indent(s: String) = "    ".repeat(scopelevel) + s
+    private fun outputln(text: String) = output(text + "\n")
+    private fun outputlni(s: Any) = outputln(indent(s.toString()))
+    private fun outputi(s: Any) = output(indent(s.toString()))
 
     override fun visit(program: Program) {
         outputln("============= PROGRAM ${program.name} (FROM AST) ===============")
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class AstToSourceCode(val output: (text: String) -> Unit, val program: Program):
         output("\n")
     }
 
-    fun datatypeString(dt: DataType): String {
+    private fun datatypeString(dt: DataType): String {
         return when(dt) {
             in NumericDatatypes -> dt.toString().toLowerCase()
             in StringDatatypes -> dt.toString().toLowerCase()
diff --git a/compiler/src/prog8/compiler/Main.kt b/compiler/src/prog8/compiler/Main.kt
index 5c7115162..b7607bc1b 100644
--- a/compiler/src/prog8/compiler/Main.kt
+++ b/compiler/src/prog8/compiler/Main.kt
@@ -63,6 +63,11 @@ fun compileProgram(filepath: Path,
             //println(" time2: $time2")
             val time3 = measureTimeMillis {
                 programAst.removeNopsFlattenAnonScopes()
+
+                // if you want to print the AST, do it before shuffling the statements around below
+                //printAst(programAst)
+
+
                 programAst.reorderStatements()     // reorder statements and add type casts, to please the compiler later
             }
             //println(" time3: $time3")
@@ -88,9 +93,6 @@ fun compileProgram(filepath: Path,
             programAst.checkValid(compilerOptions)          // check if final tree is valid
             programAst.checkRecursion()         // check if there are recursive subroutine calls
 
-            // printAst(programAst)
-            // namespace.debugPrint()
-
             if(generateVmCode) {
                 // compile the syntax tree into stackvmProg form, and optimize that
                 val compiler = Compiler(programAst)
diff --git a/compiler/src/prog8/compiler/intermediate/IntermediateProgram.kt b/compiler/src/prog8/compiler/intermediate/IntermediateProgram.kt
index 58ff30afd..d35ed1483 100644
--- a/compiler/src/prog8/compiler/intermediate/IntermediateProgram.kt
+++ b/compiler/src/prog8/compiler/intermediate/IntermediateProgram.kt
@@ -421,21 +421,7 @@ class IntermediateProgram(val name: String, var loadAddress: Int, val heap: Heap
                         if(litval!=null){
                             RuntimeValue(decl.datatype, heapId = litval.heapId)
                         } else {
-                            // uninitialized array. fill it with zeros.
-                            val arraysize = decl.arraysize!!.size()!!
-                            val heapId =
-                                    when(decl.datatype){
-                                        DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W -> {
-                                            val array = Array(arraysize) { IntegerOrAddressOf(0, null) }
-                                            heap.addIntegerArray(decl.datatype, array)
-                                        }
-                                        DataType.ARRAY_F -> {
-                                            val array = DoubleArray(arraysize) { 0.0 }
-                                            heap.addDoublesArray(array)
-                                        }
-                                        else -> throw CompilerException("weird array dt")
-                                    }
-                            RuntimeValue(decl.datatype, heapId=heapId)
+                            throw CompilerException("initialization value expected")
                         }
                     }
                     DataType.STRUCT -> {
diff --git a/compiler/src/prog8/functions/BuiltinFunctions.kt b/compiler/src/prog8/functions/BuiltinFunctions.kt
index 0a1c6a3a3..803538e6c 100644
--- a/compiler/src/prog8/functions/BuiltinFunctions.kt
+++ b/compiler/src/prog8/functions/BuiltinFunctions.kt
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import prog8.ast.expressions.DirectMemoryRead
 import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
 import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
 import prog8.ast.expressions.ReferenceLiteralValue
-import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
 import prog8.compiler.CompilerException
 import kotlin.math.*
 
diff --git a/compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/Extensions.kt b/compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/Extensions.kt
index 7921716d5..19cd7e62a 100644
--- a/compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/Extensions.kt
+++ b/compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/Extensions.kt
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package prog8.optimizer
 
 import prog8.ast.*
 import prog8.ast.base.AstException
-import prog8.ast.statements.NopStatement
 import prog8.parser.ParsingFailedError
 
 
diff --git a/compiler/src/prog8/vm/RuntimeValue.kt b/compiler/src/prog8/vm/RuntimeValue.kt
index ca4578589..ea15f3169 100644
--- a/compiler/src/prog8/vm/RuntimeValue.kt
+++ b/compiler/src/prog8/vm/RuntimeValue.kt
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@ package prog8.vm
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
 import prog8.ast.expressions.ReferenceLiteralValue
-import prog8.ast.statements.StructDecl
-import prog8.ast.statements.ZeropageWish
 import prog8.compiler.HeapValues
 import prog8.compiler.target.c64.Petscii
 import kotlin.math.abs
@@ -119,20 +117,6 @@ open class RuntimeValue(val type: DataType, num: Number?=null, val str: String?=
         }
     }
 
-    fun asNumericLiteralValue(): NumericLiteralValue {
-        return when(type) {
-            in ByteDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue(type, byteval!!, Position("", 0, 0, 0))
-            in WordDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue(type, wordval!!, Position("", 0, 0, 0))
-            DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(type, floatval!!, Position("", 0, 0, 0))
-            in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> TODO("passbyref???")
-//            in StringDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue(type, strvalue = str, Position("", 0, 0, 0))
-//            in ArrayDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue(type,
-//                    arrayvalue = array?.map { NumericLiteralValue.optimalNumeric(it, Position("", 0, 0, 0)) }?.toTypedArray(),
-//                    Position("", 0, 0, 0))
-            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("weird source value $this")
-        }
-    }
-
     override fun toString(): String {
         return when(type) {
             DataType.UBYTE -> "ub:%02x".format(byteval)
diff --git a/compiler/src/prog8/vm/astvm/AstVm.kt b/compiler/src/prog8/vm/astvm/AstVm.kt
index 0ca4ea98b..149f37c54 100644
--- a/compiler/src/prog8/vm/astvm/AstVm.kt
+++ b/compiler/src/prog8/vm/astvm/AstVm.kt
@@ -413,9 +413,9 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
                         val elementType = stmt.target.arrayindexed!!.inferType(program)!!
                         val index = evaluate(stmt.target.arrayindexed!!.arrayspec.index, evalCtx).integerValue()
                         var value = RuntimeValue(elementType, arrayvalue.array!![index].toInt())
-                        when {
-                            stmt.operator == "++" -> value=value.inc()
-                            stmt.operator == "--" -> value=value.dec()
+                        value = when {
+                            stmt.operator == "++" -> value.inc()
+                            stmt.operator == "--" -> value.dec()
                             else -> throw VmExecutionException("strange postincdec operator $stmt")
                         }
                         arrayvalue.array[index] = value.numericValue()
diff --git a/compiler/src/prog8/vm/astvm/CallStack.kt b/compiler/src/prog8/vm/astvm/CallStack.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 603c46d11..000000000
--- a/compiler/src/prog8/vm/astvm/CallStack.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.vm.astvm
-
-import prog8.ast.INameScope
-import java.util.*
-
-class CallStack {
-
-    private val stack = Stack<Pair<INameScope, Int>>()
-
-    fun pop(): Pair<INameScope, Int> {
-        return stack.pop()
-    }
-
-    fun push(scope: INameScope, index: Int) {
-        stack.push(Pair(scope, index))
-    }
-
-}
diff --git a/compiler/src/prog8/vm/astvm/ScreenDialog.kt b/compiler/src/prog8/vm/astvm/ScreenDialog.kt
index 254c8b540..f07b70ef0 100644
--- a/compiler/src/prog8/vm/astvm/ScreenDialog.kt
+++ b/compiler/src/prog8/vm/astvm/ScreenDialog.kt
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class BitmapScreenPanel : KeyListener, JPanel() {
     private val g2d = image.graphics as Graphics2D
     private var cursorX: Int=0
     private var cursorY: Int=0
-    val keyboardBuffer: Deque<Char> = LinkedList<Char>()
+    val keyboardBuffer: Deque<Char> = LinkedList()
 
     init {
         val size = Dimension(image.width * SCALING, image.height * SCALING)
diff --git a/examples/test.p8 b/examples/test.p8
index 20740f376..55978e2af 100644
--- a/examples/test.p8
+++ b/examples/test.p8
@@ -5,24 +5,22 @@
 
 ~ main {
 
-    struct Color {
-        word red
-        byte green
-        float blue
-    }
+    float[5] flarray
+    byte[5] barray
+    uword[5] uwarray
 
     sub start() {
-        Color rgb1 = {1,2,3.44}
-        Color rgb2
-
-        rgb2 = {22233, 33, 1.1}     ; @todo implicit type conversion
-        c64scr.print_b(rgb1.green)
+        c64scr.print_uw(flarray)
+        c64.CHROUT('=')
+        c64flt.print_f(flarray[0])
         c64.CHROUT('\n')
-        c64scr.print_b(rgb2.green)
+        c64scr.print_uw(barray)
+        c64.CHROUT('=')
+        c64scr.print_b(barray[0])
         c64.CHROUT('\n')
-
-        rgb1=rgb2
-        c64scr.print_b(rgb1.green)
+        c64scr.print_uw(uwarray)
+        c64.CHROUT('=')
+        c64scr.print_uw(uwarray[0])
         c64.CHROUT('\n')
     }