correct version 1.70

improved array literal datatype detection

.gitignore

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 .idea/workspace.xml
+.idea/discord.xml
 /build/
 /dist/
 /output/
@@ -24,8 +25,6 @@ __pycache__/
 parser.out
 parsetab.py
 .pytest_cache/
-compiler/src/prog8_kotlin.jar
-compiler/src/compiled_java
 .attach_pid*
 
 .gradle

.idea/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Default ignored files
+/shelf/

.idea/inspectionProfiles/Project_Default.xml

@@ -1,6 +1,16 @@
 <component name="InspectionProjectProfileManager">
   <profile version="1.0">
     <option name="myName" value="Project Default" />
+    <inspection_tool class="DuplicatedCode" enabled="true" level="WEAK WARNING" enabled_by_default="true">
+      <Languages>
+        <language minSize="100" isEnabled="false" name="JavaScript" />
+        <language isEnabled="false" name="Groovy" />
+        <language isEnabled="false" name="Style Sheets" />
+        <language minSize="70" name="Kotlin" />
+        <language isEnabled="false" name="TypeScript" />
+        <language isEnabled="false" name="ActionScript" />
+      </Languages>
+    </inspection_tool>
     <inspection_tool class="SpellCheckingInspection" enabled="true" level="TYPO" enabled_by_default="true">
       <option name="processCode" value="false" />
       <option name="processLiterals" value="true" />

.idea/libraries/antlr_4_8_complete.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="antlr-4.8-complete">
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/antlr/lib/antlr-4.8-complete.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>

.idea/libraries/antlr_runtime_4_8.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="antlr-runtime-4.8">
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/antlr/lib/antlr-runtime-4.8.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>

.idea/libraries/kotlinx_cli_jvm_0_1_0_dev_5.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="kotlinx-cli-jvm-0.1.0-dev-5">
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$PROJECT_DIR$/compiler/lib/kotlinx-cli-jvm-0.1.0-dev-5.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>

.idea/markdown-navigator-enh.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="MarkdownEnhProjectSettings">
+    <AnnotatorSettings targetHasSpaces="true" linkCaseMismatch="true" wikiCaseMismatch="true" wikiLinkHasDashes="true" notUnderWikiHome="true" targetNotWikiPageExt="true" notUnderSourceWikiHome="true" targetNameHasAnchor="true" targetPathHasAnchor="true" wikiLinkHasSlash="true" wikiLinkHasSubdir="true" wikiLinkHasOnlyAnchor="true" linkTargetsWikiHasExt="true" linkTargetsWikiHasBadExt="true" notUnderSameRepo="true" targetNotUnderVcs="false" linkNeedsExt="true" linkHasBadExt="true" linkTargetNeedsExt="true" linkTargetHasBadExt="true" wikiLinkNotInWiki="true" imageTargetNotInRaw="true" repoRelativeAcrossVcsRoots="true" multipleWikiTargetsMatch="true" unresolvedLinkReference="true" linkIsIgnored="true" anchorIsIgnored="true" anchorIsUnresolved="true" anchorLineReferenceIsUnresolved="true" anchorLineReferenceFormat="true" anchorHasDuplicates="true" abbreviationDuplicates="true" abbreviationNotUsed="true" attributeIdDuplicateDefinition="true" attributeIdNotUsed="true" footnoteDuplicateDefinition="true" footnoteUnresolved="true" footnoteDuplicates="true" footnoteNotUsed="true" macroDuplicateDefinition="true" macroUnresolved="true" macroDuplicates="true" macroNotUsed="true" referenceDuplicateDefinition="true" referenceUnresolved="true" referenceDuplicates="true" referenceNotUsed="true" referenceUnresolvedNumericId="true" enumRefDuplicateDefinition="true" enumRefUnresolved="true" enumRefDuplicates="true" enumRefNotUsed="true" enumRefLinkUnresolved="true" enumRefLinkDuplicates="true" simTocUpdateNeeded="true" simTocTitleSpaceNeeded="true" />
+    <HtmlExportSettings updateOnSave="false" parentDir="" targetDir="" cssDir="css" scriptDir="js" plainHtml="false" imageDir="" copyLinkedImages="false" imagePathType="0" targetPathType="2" targetExt="" useTargetExt="false" noCssNoScripts="false" useElementStyleAttribute="false" linkToExportedHtml="true" exportOnSettingsChange="true" regenerateOnProjectOpen="false" linkFormatType="HTTP_ABSOLUTE" />
+    <LinkMapSettings>
+      <textMaps />
+    </LinkMapSettings>
+  </component>
+  <component name="MarkdownNavigatorHistory">
+    <PasteImageHistory checkeredTransparentBackground="false" filename="image" directory="" onPasteImageTargetRef="3" onPasteLinkText="0" onPasteImageElement="1" onPasteLinkElement="1" onPasteReferenceElement="2" cornerRadius="20" borderColor="0" transparentColor="16777215" borderWidth="1" trimTop="0" trimBottom="0" trimLeft="0" trimRight="0" transparent="false" roundCorners="false" showPreview="true" bordered="false" scaled="false" cropped="false" hideInapplicableOperations="false" preserveLinkFormat="false" scale="50" scalingInterpolation="1" transparentTolerance="0" saveAsDefaultOnOK="false" linkFormat="0" addHighlights="false" showHighlightCoordinates="true" showHighlights="false" mouseSelectionAddsHighlight="false" outerFilled="false" outerFillColor="0" outerFillTransparent="true" outerFillAlpha="30">
+      <highlightList />
+      <directories />
+      <filenames />
+    </PasteImageHistory>
+    <CopyImageHistory checkeredTransparentBackground="false" filename="image" directory="" onPasteImageTargetRef="3" onPasteLinkText="0" onPasteImageElement="1" onPasteLinkElement="1" onPasteReferenceElement="2" cornerRadius="20" borderColor="0" transparentColor="16777215" borderWidth="1" trimTop="0" trimBottom="0" trimLeft="0" trimRight="0" transparent="false" roundCorners="false" showPreview="true" bordered="false" scaled="false" cropped="false" hideInapplicableOperations="false" preserveLinkFormat="false" scale="50" scalingInterpolation="1" transparentTolerance="0" saveAsDefaultOnOK="false" linkFormat="0" addHighlights="false" showHighlightCoordinates="true" showHighlights="false" mouseSelectionAddsHighlight="false" outerFilled="false" outerFillColor="0" outerFillTransparent="true" outerFillAlpha="30">
+      <highlightList />
+      <directories />
+      <filenames />
+    </CopyImageHistory>
+    <PasteLinkHistory onPasteImageTargetRef="3" onPasteTargetRef="1" onPasteLinkText="0" onPasteImageElement="1" onPasteLinkElement="1" onPasteWikiElement="2" onPasteReferenceElement="2" hideInapplicableOperations="false" preserveLinkFormat="false" useHeadingForLinkText="false" linkFormat="0" saveAsDefaultOnOK="false" />
+    <TableToJsonHistory>
+      <entries />
+    </TableToJsonHistory>
+    <TableSortHistory>
+      <entries />
+    </TableSortHistory>
+  </component>
+</project>

.idea/markdown-navigator.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="FlexmarkProjectSettings">
+    <FlexmarkHtmlSettings flexmarkSpecExampleRendering="0" flexmarkSpecExampleRenderHtml="false">
+      <flexmarkSectionLanguages>
+        <option name="1" value="Markdown" />
+        <option name="2" value="HTML" />
+        <option name="3" value="flexmark-ast:1" />
+      </flexmarkSectionLanguages>
+    </FlexmarkHtmlSettings>
+  </component>
+  <component name="MarkdownProjectSettings">
+    <PreviewSettings splitEditorLayout="SPLIT" splitEditorPreview="PREVIEW" useGrayscaleRendering="false" zoomFactor="1.0" maxImageWidth="0" synchronizePreviewPosition="true" highlightPreviewType="LINE" highlightFadeOut="5" highlightOnTyping="true" synchronizeSourcePosition="true" verticallyAlignSourceAndPreviewSyncPosition="true" showSearchHighlightsInPreview="true" showSelectionInPreview="true" lastLayoutSetsDefault="false">
+      <PanelProvider>
+        <provider providerId="com.vladsch.md.nav.editor.javafx.html.panel" providerName="JavaFX WebView" />
+      </PanelProvider>
+    </PreviewSettings>
+    <ParserSettings gitHubSyntaxChange="false" correctedInvalidSettings="false" emojiShortcuts="1" emojiImages="0">
+      <PegdownExtensions>
+        <option name="ANCHORLINKS" value="true" />
+        <option name="ATXHEADERSPACE" value="true" />
+        <option name="FENCED_CODE_BLOCKS" value="true" />
+        <option name="INTELLIJ_DUMMY_IDENTIFIER" value="true" />
+        <option name="RELAXEDHRULES" value="true" />
+        <option name="STRIKETHROUGH" value="true" />
+        <option name="TABLES" value="true" />
+        <option name="TASKLISTITEMS" value="true" />
+      </PegdownExtensions>
+      <ParserOptions>
+        <option name="COMMONMARK_LISTS" value="true" />
+        <option name="EMOJI_SHORTCUTS" value="true" />
+        <option name="GFM_TABLE_RENDERING" value="true" />
+        <option name="PRODUCTION_SPEC_PARSER" value="true" />
+        <option name="SIM_TOC_BLANK_LINE_SPACER" value="true" />
+      </ParserOptions>
+    </ParserSettings>
+    <HtmlSettings headerTopEnabled="false" headerBottomEnabled="false" bodyTopEnabled="false" bodyBottomEnabled="false" addPageHeader="false" imageUriSerials="false" addDocTypeHtml="true" noParaTags="false" plantUmlConversion="0">
+      <GeneratorProvider>
+        <provider providerId="com.vladsch.md.nav.editor.javafx.html.generator" providerName="JavaFx HTML Generator" />
+      </GeneratorProvider>
+      <headerTop />
+      <headerBottom />
+      <bodyTop />
+      <bodyBottom />
+    </HtmlSettings>
+    <CssSettings previewScheme="UI_SCHEME" cssUri="" isCssUriEnabled="false" isCssUriSerial="true" isCssTextEnabled="false" isDynamicPageWidth="true">
+      <StylesheetProvider>
+        <provider providerId="com.vladsch.md.nav.editor.javafx.html.css" providerName="Default JavaFx Stylesheet" />
+      </StylesheetProvider>
+      <ScriptProviders>
+        <provider providerId="com.vladsch.md.nav.editor.hljs.html.script" providerName="HighlightJS Script" />
+      </ScriptProviders>
+      <cssText />
+      <cssUriHistory />
+    </CssSettings>
+  </component>
+</project>

.idea/misc.xml

@@ -1,5 +1,21 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project version="4">
+  <component name="ANTLRGenerationPreferences">
+    <option name="perGrammarGenerationSettings">
+      <list>
+        <PerGrammarGenerationSettings>
+          <option name="fileName" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/antlr/prog8.g4" />
+          <option name="autoGen" value="true" />
+          <option name="outputDir" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/src/prog8/parser" />
+          <option name="libDir" value="" />
+          <option name="encoding" value="" />
+          <option name="pkg" value="" />
+          <option name="language" value="" />
+          <option name="generateListener" value="false" />
+        </PerGrammarGenerationSettings>
+      </list>
+    </option>
+  </component>
   <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_1_8" default="false" project-jdk-name="Kotlin SDK" project-jdk-type="KotlinSDK">
     <output url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/out" />
   </component>

.travis.yml

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 language: java
+sudo: false
 # jdk: openjdk8
 # dist: xenial
-# sudo: false
 
 before_install:
   - chmod +x gradlew
 
 script:
-  - ./gradlew test
+  - gradle test
 

README.md

@@ -14,39 +14,39 @@ as used in many home computers from that era. It is a medium to low level progra
 which aims to provide many conveniences over raw assembly code (even when using a macro assembler):
 
 - reduction of source code length
-- easier program understanding (because it's higher level, and way more compact)
 - modularity, symbol scoping, subroutines
-- subroutines have enforced input- and output parameter definitions
-- various data types other than just bytes (16-bit words, floats, strings, 16-bit register pairs)
-- automatic variable allocations, automatic string variables and string sharing
-- constant folding in expressions (compile-time evaluation)
+- various data types other than just bytes (16-bit words, floats, strings)
+- automatic variable allocations, automatic string and array variables and string sharing
+- subroutines with a input- and output parameter signature
+- constant folding in expressions
 - conditional branches
-- when statement to provide a 'jump table' alternative to if/elseif chains
+- 'when' statement to provide a concise jump table alternative to if/elseif chains
 - structs to group together sets of variables and manipulate them at once
-- automatic type conversions
-- floating point operations  (uses the C64 Basic ROM routines for this)
+- floating point operations  (requires the C64 Basic ROM routines for this)
 - abstracting away low level aspects such as ZeroPage handling, program startup, explicit memory addresses
 - various code optimizations (code structure, logical and numerical expressions, unused code removal...)
+- inline assembly allows you to have full control when every cycle or byte matters
+- many built-in functions such as ``sin``, ``cos``, ``rnd``, ``abs``, ``min``, ``max``, ``sqrt``, ``msb``, ``rol``, ``ror``, ``swap``, ``memset``, ``memcopy``, ``sort`` and ``reverse``
 
 Rapid edit-compile-run-debug cycle:
 
 - use modern PC to work on
-- quick compilation times (less than 1 second)
+- quick compilation times (seconds)
 - option to automatically run the program in the Vice emulator
 - breakpoints, that let the Vice emulator drop into the monitor if execution hits them
 - source code labels automatically loaded in Vice emulator so it can show them in disassembly
-- the compiler includes a virtual machine that can execute compiled code directy on the
-  host system without having to actually convert it to assembly to run on a real 6502. 
-  This allows for very quick experimentation and debugging
+- virtual machine that can execute compiled code directy on the host system,
+  without having to actually convert it to assembly to run on a real 6502
 
 It is mainly targeted at the Commodore-64 machine at this time.
 Contributions to add support for other 8-bit (or other?!) machines are welcome.
 
-Documentation is online at https://prog8.readthedocs.io/
+Documentation/manual
+--------------------
+This describes the language, but also how to build and run the compiler. See https://prog8.readthedocs.io/
 
-
-Required tools:
----------------
+Required tools
+--------------
 
 [64tass](https://sourceforge.net/projects/tass64/) - cross assembler. Install this on your shell path.
 A recent .exe version of this tool for Windows can be obtained from my [clone](https://github.com/irmen/64tass/releases) of this project.
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ This code calculates prime numbers using the Sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm::
     %import c64utils
     %zeropage basicsafe
 
-    ~ main {
+    main {
 
         ubyte[256] sieve
         ubyte candidate_prime = 2

compiler/build.gradle

@@ -1,54 +1,61 @@
 buildscript {
     dependencies {
-        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlinVersion"
+        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:1.3.61"
     }
 }
 
 plugins {
-    // id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm" version $kotlinVersion
+    // id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm" version "1.3.61"
     id 'application'
     id 'org.jetbrains.dokka' version "0.9.18"
-    id 'com.github.johnrengelman.shadow' version '5.1.0'
+    id 'com.github.johnrengelman.shadow' version '5.2.0'
     id 'java'
 }
 
 apply plugin: "kotlin"
 apply plugin: "java"
 
+targetCompatibility = 1.8
+sourceCompatibility = 1.8
 
 repositories {
     mavenLocal()
     mavenCentral()
     jcenter()
+    maven { url "https://dl.bintray.com/orangy/maven/" }
 }
 
-sourceCompatibility = 1.8
-
 def prog8version = rootProject.file('compiler/res/version.txt').text.trim()
 
 dependencies {
     implementation project(':parser')
-    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:$kotlinVersion"
-    // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect:$kotlinVersion"
-    // runtime "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect:$kotlinVersion"
-    runtime 'org.antlr:antlr4-runtime:4.7.2'
-    runtime project(':parser')
+    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8"
+    // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect"
+    implementation 'org.antlr:antlr4-runtime:4.8'
+    implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-cli-jvm:0.1.0-dev-5'
+    // implementation 'net.razorvine:ksim65:1.6'
+    implementation project(':parser')
 
-    testImplementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-test-junit5:$kotlinVersion"
+    testImplementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-test-junit5"
     testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.3.2'
     testImplementation 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-junit:2.0.0.0'
-
     testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.3.2'
 }
 
 compileKotlin {
     kotlinOptions {
         jvmTarget = "1.8"
-        verbose = true
+        // verbose = true
         // freeCompilerArgs += "-XXLanguage:+NewInference"
     }
 }
 
+compileTestKotlin {
+    kotlinOptions {
+        jvmTarget = "1.8"
+    }
+}
+
 sourceSets {
     main {
         java {
@@ -77,12 +84,9 @@ artifacts {
 }
 
 
-// To create a fat-jar use the 'create_compiler_jar' script for now
-// @todo investigate https://imperceptiblethoughts.com/shadow/introduction/
-
 shadowJar {
-    baseName = 'prog8compiler'
-    version = prog8version
+    archiveBaseName = 'prog8compiler'
+    archiveVersion = prog8version
     // minimize()
 }
 

compiler/compiler.iml

@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@
       <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/test" isTestSource="true" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build" />
     </content>
-    <orderEntry type="jdk" jdkName="1.8" jdkType="JavaSDK" />
+    <orderEntry type="jdk" jdkName="openjdk-11" jdkType="JavaSDK" />
     <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="KotlinJavaRuntime" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="antlr-runtime-4.7.2" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="module" module-name="parser" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="unittest-libs" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="kotlinx-cli-jvm-0.1.0-dev-5" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="antlr-runtime-4.8" level="project" />
   </component>
 </module>

compiler/res/prog8lib/c64flt.p8

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 %option enable_floats
 
 
-~ c64flt {
+c64flt {
 	; ---- this block contains C-64 floating point related functions ----
 
 		const  float  PI	= 3.141592653589793
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ asmsub	MOVMF		(uword mflpt @ XY) clobbers(A,Y)	= $bbd4		; store fac1 to memory
 
 ; fac1-> signed word in Y/A (might throw ILLEGAL QUANTITY)
 ; (tip: use c64flt.FTOSWRDAY to get A/Y output; lo/hi switched to normal little endian order)
-asmsub	FTOSWORDYA	() clobbers(X) -> ubyte @ Y, ubyte @ A  = $b1aa
+asmsub	FTOSWORDYA	() clobbers(X) -> ubyte @ Y, ubyte @ A  = $b1aa     ; note: calls AYINT.
 
 ; fac1 -> unsigned word in Y/A (might throw ILLEGAL QUANTITY) (result also in $14/15)
 ; (tip: use c64flt.GETADRAY to get A/Y output; lo/hi switched to normal little endian order)
@@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ sub  print_f  (float value) {
 	; ---- prints the floating point value (without a newline) using basic rom routines.
 	%asm {{
 		stx  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREGX
-		lda  #<print_f_value
-		ldy  #>print_f_value
+		lda  #<value
+		ldy  #>value
 		jsr  MOVFM		; load float into fac1
 		jsr  FOUT		; fac1 to string in A/Y
 		jsr  c64.STROUT			; print string in A/Y
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ stack_uw2float	.proc
 		jmp  push_fac1_as_result
 		.pend
 
-stack_float2w	.proc
+stack_float2w	.proc               ; also used for float2b
 		jsr  pop_float_fac1
 		stx  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREGX
 		jsr  AYINT
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ stack_float2w	.proc
 		rts
 		.pend
 
-stack_float2uw	.proc
+stack_float2uw	.proc               ; also used for float2ub
 		jsr  pop_float_fac1
 		stx  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREGX
 		jsr  GETADR
@@ -954,6 +954,16 @@ func_sum_f	.proc
 		bne  -
 +		jmp  push_fac1_as_result
 		.pend
+		
+sign_f		.proc
+		jsr  pop_float_fac1
+		jsr  SIGN
+		sta  c64.ESTACK_LO,x
+		dex
+		rts
+		.pend
+		
+
 }}
 
 }  ; ------ end of block c64flt

compiler/res/prog8lib/c64lib.p8

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 ; indent format: TABS, size=8
 
 
-~ c64 {
+c64 {
 		const   uword  ESTACK_LO	= $ce00		; evaluation stack (lsb)
 		const   uword  ESTACK_HI	= $cf00		; evaluation stack (msb)
 		&ubyte  SCRATCH_ZPB1		= $02		; scratch byte 1 in ZP
@@ -202,12 +202,12 @@ asmsub	CINT     () clobbers(A,X,Y)			= $FF81		; (alias: SCINIT) initialize scree
 asmsub	IOINIT   () clobbers(A, X)			= $FF84		; initialize I/O devices (CIA, SID, IRQ)
 asmsub	RAMTAS   () clobbers(A,X,Y)			= $FF87		; initialize RAM, tape buffer, screen
 asmsub	RESTOR   () clobbers(A,X,Y)			= $FF8A		; restore default I/O vectors
-asmsub	VECTOR   (ubyte dir @ Pc, uword userptr @ XY) clobbers(A,Y)  = $FF8D		; read/set I/O vector table
+asmsub	VECTOR   (uword userptr @ XY, ubyte dir @ Pc) clobbers(A,Y)  = $FF8D		; read/set I/O vector table
 asmsub	SETMSG   (ubyte value @ A)			= $FF90		; set Kernal message control flag
 asmsub	SECOND   (ubyte address @ A) clobbers(A)	= $FF93		; (alias: LSTNSA) send secondary address after LISTEN
 asmsub	TKSA     (ubyte address @ A) clobbers(A)	= $FF96		; (alias: TALKSA) send secondary address after TALK
-asmsub	MEMTOP   (ubyte dir @ Pc, uword address @ XY) -> uword @ XY	= $FF99		; read/set top of memory  pointer
-asmsub	MEMBOT   (ubyte dir @ Pc, uword address @ XY) -> uword @ XY	= $FF9C		; read/set bottom of memory  pointer
+asmsub	MEMTOP   (uword address @ XY, ubyte dir @ Pc) -> uword @ XY	= $FF99		; read/set top of memory  pointer
+asmsub	MEMBOT   (uword address @ XY, ubyte dir @ Pc) -> uword @ XY	= $FF9C		; read/set bottom of memory  pointer
 asmsub	SCNKEY   () clobbers(A,X,Y)			= $FF9F		; scan the keyboard
 asmsub	SETTMO   (ubyte timeout @ A)			= $FFA2		; set time-out flag for IEEE bus
 asmsub	ACPTR    () -> ubyte @ A			= $FFA5		; (alias: IECIN) input byte from serial bus
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ asmsub	GETIN    () clobbers(X,Y) -> ubyte @ A		= $FFE4		; (via 810 ($32A)) get a
 asmsub	CLALL    () clobbers(A,X)			= $FFE7		; (via 812 ($32C)) close all files
 asmsub	UDTIM    () clobbers(A,X)			= $FFEA		; update the software clock
 asmsub	SCREEN   () -> ubyte @ X, ubyte @ Y		= $FFED		; read number of screen rows and columns
-asmsub	PLOT     (ubyte dir @ Pc, ubyte col @ Y, ubyte row @ X) -> ubyte @ X, ubyte @ Y	= $FFF0		; read/set position of cursor on screen.  Use c64scr.plot for a 'safe' wrapper that preserves X.
+asmsub	PLOT     (ubyte col @ Y, ubyte row @ X, ubyte dir @ Pc) -> ubyte @ X, ubyte @ Y	= $FFF0		; read/set position of cursor on screen.  Use c64scr.plot for a 'safe' wrapper that preserves X.
 asmsub	IOBASE   () -> uword @ XY			= $FFF3		; read base address of I/O devices
 
 ; ---- end of C64 kernal routines ----

compiler/res/prog8lib/c64utils.p8

@@ -9,34 +9,205 @@
 %import c64lib
 
 
-~ c64utils {
+c64utils {
 
 		const   uword  ESTACK_LO	= $ce00
 		const   uword  ESTACK_HI	= $cf00
 
 
-; ----- utility functions ----
+; ----- number conversions to decimal strings
 
-asmsub  ubyte2decimal  (ubyte value @ A) -> ubyte @ Y, ubyte @ X, ubyte @ A  {
-	; ---- A to decimal string in Y/X/A  (100s in Y, 10s in X, 1s in A)
+asmsub  ubyte2decimal  (ubyte value @ A) -> ubyte @ Y, ubyte @ A, ubyte @ X  {
+	; ---- A to decimal string in Y/A/X  (100s in Y, 10s in A, 1s in X)
     %asm {{
-		ldy  #$2f
-		ldx  #$3a
-		sec
--               iny
-		sbc  #100
-		bcs  -
--               dex
-		adc  #10
-		bmi  -
-		adc  #$2f
+        ldy  #uword2decimal.ASCII_0_OFFSET
+        bne  uword2decimal.hex_try200
         rts
 	}}
 }
 
-asmsub  byte2decimal  (ubyte value @ A) -> ubyte @ Y, ubyte @ X, ubyte @ A  {
-	; ---- A (signed byte) to decimal string in Y/X/A  (100s in Y, 10s in X, 1s in A)
-	;      note: the '-' is not part of the conversion here if it's a negative number
+asmsub  uword2decimal  (uword value @ AY) -> ubyte @Y, ubyte @A, ubyte @X  {
+    ;  ---- convert 16 bit uword in A/Y to decimal
+    ;  output in uword2decimal.decTenThousands, decThousands, decHundreds, decTens, decOnes
+    ;  (these are terminated by a zero byte so they can be easily printed)
+    ;  also returns Y = 100's, A = 10's, X = 1's
+
+    %asm {{
+
+;Convert 16 bit Hex to Decimal (0-65535) Rev 2
+;By Omegamatrix    Further optimizations by tepples
+; routine from http://forums.nesdev.com/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=11341&start=15
+
+;HexToDec99
+; start in A
+; end with A = 10's, decOnes (also in X)
+
+;HexToDec255
+; start in A
+; end with Y = 100's, A = 10's, decOnes (also in X)
+
+;HexToDec999
+; start with A = high byte, Y = low byte
+; end with Y = 100's, A = 10's, decOnes (also in X)
+; requires 1 extra temp register on top of decOnes, could combine
+; these two if HexToDec65535 was eliminated...
+
+;HexToDec65535
+; start with A/Y (low/high) as 16 bit value
+; end with decTenThousand, decThousand, Y = 100's, A = 10's, decOnes (also in X)
+; (irmen: I store Y and A in decHundreds and decTens too, so all of it can be easily printed)
+
+
+ASCII_0_OFFSET 	= $30
+temp       	    = c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1	; byte in zeropage
+hexHigh      	= c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1	; byte in zeropage
+hexLow       	= c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1+1	; byte in zeropage
+
+
+HexToDec65535; SUBROUTINE
+    sty    hexHigh               ;3  @9
+    sta    hexLow                ;3  @12
+    tya
+    tax                          ;2  @14
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @16
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @18   integer divide 1024 (result 0-63)
+
+    cpx    #$A7                  ;2  @20   account for overflow of multiplying 24 from 43,000 ($A7F8) onward,
+    adc    #1                    ;2  @22   we can just round it to $A700, and the divide by 1024 is fine...
+
+    ;at this point we have a number 1-65 that we have to times by 24,
+    ;add to original sum, and Mod 1024 to get a remainder 0-999
+
+
+    sta    temp                  ;3  @25
+    asl    a                     ;2  @27
+    adc    temp                  ;3  @30  x3
+    tay                          ;2  @32
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @34
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @36
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @38
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @40
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @42
+    tax                          ;2  @44
+    tya                          ;2  @46
+    asl    a                     ;2  @48
+    asl    a                     ;2  @50
+    asl    a                     ;2  @52
+    clc                          ;2  @54
+    adc    hexLow                ;3  @57
+    sta    hexLow                ;3  @60
+    txa                          ;2  @62
+    adc    hexHigh               ;3  @65
+    sta    hexHigh               ;3  @68
+    ror    a                     ;2  @70
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @72
+    tay                          ;2  @74    integer divide 1,000 (result 0-65)
+
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @76    split the 1,000 and 10,000 digit
+    tax                          ;2  @78
+    lda    ShiftedBcdTab,x       ;4  @82
+    tax                          ;2  @84
+    rol    a                     ;2  @86
+    and    #$0F                  ;2  @88
+    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
+    sta    decThousands          ;3  @91
+    txa                          ;2  @93
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @95
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @97
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @99
+    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
+    sta    decTenThousands       ;3  @102
+
+    lda    hexLow                ;3  @105
+    cpy    temp                  ;3  @108
+    bmi    _doSubtract           ;2³ @110/111
+    beq    _useZero               ;2³ @112/113
+    adc    #23 + 24              ;2  @114
+_doSubtract
+    sbc    #23                   ;2  @116
+    sta    hexLow                ;3  @119
+_useZero
+    lda    hexHigh               ;3  @122
+    sbc    #0                    ;2  @124
+
+Start100s
+    and    #$03                  ;2  @126
+    tax                          ;2  @128   0,1,2,3
+    cmp    #2                    ;2  @130
+    rol    a                     ;2  @132   0,2,5,7
+    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
+    tay                          ;2  @134   Y = Hundreds digit
+
+    lda    hexLow                ;3  @137
+    adc    Mod100Tab,x           ;4  @141    adding remainder of 256, 512, and 256+512 (all mod 100)
+    bcs    hex_doSub200             ;2³ @143/144
+
+hex_try200
+    cmp    #200                  ;2  @145
+    bcc    hex_try100               ;2³ @147/148
+hex_doSub200
+    iny                          ;2  @149
+    iny                          ;2  @151
+    sbc    #200                  ;2  @153
+hex_try100
+    cmp    #100                  ;2  @155
+    bcc    HexToDec99            ;2³ @157/158
+    iny                          ;2  @159
+    sbc    #100                  ;2  @161
+
+HexToDec99; SUBROUTINE
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @163
+    tax                          ;2  @165
+    lda    ShiftedBcdTab,x       ;4  @169
+    tax                          ;2  @171
+    rol    a                     ;2  @173
+    and    #$0F                  ;2  @175
+    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
+    sta    decOnes               ;3  @178
+    txa                          ;2  @180
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @182
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @184
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @186
+    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
+
+    ; irmen: load X with ones, and store Y and A too, for easy printing afterwards
+    sty  decHundreds
+    sta  decTens
+    ldx  decOnes
+    rts                          ;6  @192   Y=hundreds, A = tens digit, X=ones digit
+
+
+HexToDec999; SUBROUTINE
+    sty    hexLow                ;3  @9
+    jmp    Start100s             ;3  @12
+
+Mod100Tab
+    .byte 0,56,12,56+12
+
+ShiftedBcdTab
+    .byte $00,$01,$02,$03,$04,$08,$09,$0A,$0B,$0C
+    .byte $10,$11,$12,$13,$14,$18,$19,$1A,$1B,$1C
+    .byte $20,$21,$22,$23,$24,$28,$29,$2A,$2B,$2C
+    .byte $30,$31,$32,$33,$34,$38,$39,$3A,$3B,$3C
+    .byte $40,$41,$42,$43,$44,$48,$49,$4A,$4B,$4C
+
+decTenThousands   	.byte  0
+decThousands    	.byte  0
+decHundreds		.byte  0
+decTens			.byte  0
+decOnes   		.byte  0
+			.byte  0		; zero-terminate the decimal output string
+
+    }}
+}
+
+
+; ----- utility functions ----
+
+
+asmsub  byte2decimal  (byte value @ A) -> ubyte @ Y, ubyte @ A, ubyte @ X  {
+	; ---- A (signed byte) to decimal string in Y/A/X  (100s in Y, 10s in A, 1s in X)
+	;      note: if the number is negative, you have to deal with the '-' yourself!
 	%asm {{
 		cmp  #0
 		bpl  +
@@ -48,7 +219,7 @@ asmsub  byte2decimal  (ubyte value @ A) -> ubyte @ Y, ubyte @ X, ubyte @ A  {
 }
 
 asmsub  ubyte2hex  (ubyte value @ A) -> ubyte @ A, ubyte @ Y  {
-	; ---- A to hex string in AY (first hex char in A, second hex char in Y)
+	; ---- A to hex petscii string in AY (first hex char in A, second hex char in Y)
 	%asm {{
 		stx  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREGX
 		pha
@@ -69,7 +240,6 @@ _hex_digits	.text "0123456789abcdef"	; can probably be reused for other stuff as
 	}}
 }
 
-
 asmsub  uword2hex  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	; ---- convert 16 bit uword in A/Y into 4-character hexadecimal string 'uword2hex.output' (0-terminated)
 	%asm {{
@@ -87,92 +257,6 @@ output	.text  "0000", $00      ; 0-terminated output buffer (to make printing ea
 	}}
 }
 
-asmsub  uword2bcd  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
-	; Convert an 16 bit binary value to BCD
-	;
-	; This function converts a 16 bit binary value in A/Y into a 24 bit BCD. It
-	; works by transferring one bit a time from the source and adding it
-	; into a BCD value that is being doubled on each iteration. As all the
-	; arithmetic is being done in BCD the result is a binary to decimal
-	; conversion.
-	%asm {{
-		sta  c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1
-		sty  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREG
-		php
-		pla             ; read status register
-		and  #%00000100
-		sta  _had_irqd
-		sei				; disable interrupts because of bcd math
-		sed				; switch to decimal mode
-		lda  #0				; ensure the result is clear
-		sta  bcdbuff+0
-		sta  bcdbuff+1
-		sta  bcdbuff+2
-		ldy  #16			; the number of source bits
-
--		asl  c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1		; shift out one bit
-		rol  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREG
-		lda  bcdbuff+0		; and add into result
-		adc  bcdbuff+0
-		sta  bcdbuff+0
-		lda  bcdbuff+1		; propagating any carry
-		adc  bcdbuff+1
-		sta  bcdbuff+1
-		lda  bcdbuff+2		; ... thru whole result
-		adc  bcdbuff+2
-		sta  bcdbuff+2
-		dey				; and repeat for next bit
-		bne  -
-		cld				; back to binary
-		lda  _had_irqd
-		bne  +
-		cli				; enable interrupts again (only if they were enabled before)
-+		rts
-_had_irqd  .byte  0
-bcdbuff  .byte  0,0,0
-	}}
-}
-
-
-asmsub  uword2decimal  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A) -> ubyte @ Y  {
-	; ---- convert 16 bit uword in A/Y into 0-terminated decimal string into memory  'uword2decimal.output'
-	;      returns length of resulting string in Y
-	%asm {{
-		jsr  uword2bcd
-		lda  uword2bcd.bcdbuff+2
-		clc
-		adc  #'0'
-		sta  output
-		ldy  #1
-		lda  uword2bcd.bcdbuff+1
-		jsr  +
-		lda  uword2bcd.bcdbuff+0
-
-+		pha
-		lsr  a
-		lsr  a
-		lsr  a
-		lsr  a
-		clc
-		adc  #'0'
-		sta  output,y
-		iny
-		pla
-		and  #$0f
-		adc  #'0'
-		sta  output,y
-		iny
-		lda  #0
-		sta  output,y
-		rts
-
-output  .text  "00000", $00     ; 0 terminated
-
-	}}
-
-}
-
-
 asmsub str2uword(str string @ AY) -> uword @ AY {
 	; -- returns the unsigned word value of the string number argument in AY
 	;    the number may NOT be preceded by a + sign and may NOT contain spaces
@@ -227,7 +311,6 @@ _result_times_10     ; (W*4 + W)*2
 	}}
 }
 
-
 asmsub str2word(str string @ AY) -> word @ AY {
 	; -- returns the signed word value of the string number argument in AY
 	;    the number may be preceded by a + or - sign but may NOT contain spaces
@@ -283,7 +366,6 @@ _negative	.byte  0
 	}}
 }
 
-
 asmsub  set_irqvec_excl() clobbers(A)  {
 	%asm {{
 		sei
@@ -341,6 +423,7 @@ _irq_handler_init
 		dex
 		dex
 		dex
+		cld
 		rts
 
 _irq_handler_end
@@ -372,7 +455,6 @@ IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD2	.word  0
 		}}
 }
 
-
 asmsub  restore_irqvec() {
 	%asm {{
 		sei
@@ -389,7 +471,6 @@ asmsub  restore_irqvec() {
 	}}
 }
 
-
 asmsub  set_rasterirq(uword rasterpos @ AY) clobbers(A) {
 	%asm {{
 		sei
@@ -454,14 +535,12 @@ _raster_irq_handler
 }
 
 
-
 }  ; ------ end of block c64utils
 
 
 
 
-
-~ c64scr {
+c64scr {
 	; ---- this block contains (character) Screen and text I/O related functions ----
 
 
@@ -480,7 +559,6 @@ asmsub  clear_screen (ubyte char @ A, ubyte color @ Y) clobbers(A)  {
 
 }
 
-
 asmsub  clear_screenchars (ubyte char @ A) clobbers(Y)  {
 	; ---- clear the character screen with the given fill character (leaves colors)
 	;      (assumes screen matrix is at the default address)
@@ -521,7 +599,6 @@ _loop		sta  c64.Colors,y
         }}
 }
 
-
 asmsub  scroll_left_full  (ubyte alsocolors @ Pc) clobbers(A, Y)  {
 	; ---- scroll the whole screen 1 character to the left
 	;      contents of the rightmost column are unchanged, you should clear/refill this yourself
@@ -582,7 +659,6 @@ _scroll_screen  ; scroll the screen memory
 	}}
 }
 
-
 asmsub  scroll_right_full  (ubyte alsocolors @ Pc) clobbers(A)  {
 	; ---- scroll the whole screen 1 character to the right
 	;      contents of the leftmost column are unchanged, you should clear/refill this yourself
@@ -635,7 +711,6 @@ _scroll_screen  ; scroll the screen memory
 	}}
 }
 
-
 asmsub  scroll_up_full  (ubyte alsocolors @ Pc) clobbers(A)  {
 	; ---- scroll the whole screen 1 character up
 	;      contents of the bottom row are unchanged, you should refill/clear this yourself
@@ -688,7 +763,6 @@ _scroll_screen  ; scroll the screen memory
 	}}
 }
 
-
 asmsub  scroll_down_full  (ubyte alsocolors @ Pc) clobbers(A)  {
 	; ---- scroll the whole screen 1 character down
 	;      contents of the top row are unchanged, you should refill/clear this yourself
@@ -742,7 +816,6 @@ _scroll_screen  ; scroll the screen memory
 }
 
 
-
 asmsub  print (str text @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	; ---- print null terminated string from A/Y
 	; note: the compiler contains an optimization that will replace
@@ -761,7 +834,6 @@ asmsub  print (str text @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	}}
 }
 
-
 asmsub  print_ub0  (ubyte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	; ---- print the ubyte in A in decimal form, with left padding 0s (3 positions total)
 	%asm {{
@@ -770,16 +842,15 @@ asmsub  print_ub0  (ubyte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 		pha
 		tya
 		jsr  c64.CHROUT
-		txa
-		jsr  c64.CHROUT
 		pla
 		jsr  c64.CHROUT
+		txa
+		jsr  c64.CHROUT
 		ldx  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREGX
 		rts
 	}}
 }
 
-
 asmsub  print_ub  (ubyte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	; ---- print the ubyte in A in decimal form, without left padding 0s
 	%asm {{
@@ -788,15 +859,14 @@ asmsub  print_ub  (ubyte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 _print_byte_digits
 		pha
 		cpy  #'0'
-		bne  _print_hundreds
-		cpx  #'0'
-		bne  _print_tens
-		jmp  _end
-_print_hundreds	tya
+		beq  +
+		tya
 		jsr  c64.CHROUT
-_print_tens	txa
++       pla
+        cmp  #'0'
+        beq  +
         jsr  c64.CHROUT
-_end		pla
++       txa
 		jsr  c64.CHROUT
 		ldx  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREGX
 		rts
@@ -820,8 +890,7 @@ asmsub  print_b  (byte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	}}
 }
 
-
-asmsub  print_ubhex  (ubyte prefix @ Pc, ubyte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+asmsub  print_ubhex  (ubyte value @ A, ubyte prefix @ Pc) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	; ---- print the ubyte in A in hex form (if Carry is set, a radix prefix '$' is printed as well)
 	%asm {{
 		stx  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREGX
@@ -839,8 +908,7 @@ asmsub  print_ubhex  (ubyte prefix @ Pc, ubyte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	}}
 }
 
-
-asmsub  print_ubbin  (ubyte prefix @ Pc, ubyte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+asmsub  print_ubbin  (ubyte value @ A, ubyte prefix @ Pc) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	; ---- print the ubyte in A in binary form (if Carry is set, a radix prefix '%' is printed as well)
 	%asm {{
 		stx  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREGX
@@ -861,8 +929,7 @@ asmsub  print_ubbin  (ubyte prefix @ Pc, ubyte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	}}
 }
 
-
-asmsub  print_uwbin  (ubyte prefix @ Pc, uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+asmsub  print_uwbin  (uword value @ AY, ubyte prefix @ Pc) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	; ---- print the uword in A/Y in binary form (if Carry is set, a radix prefix '%' is printed as well)
 	%asm {{
 		pha
@@ -874,8 +941,7 @@ asmsub  print_uwbin  (ubyte prefix @ Pc, uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	}}
 }
 
-
-asmsub print_uwhex  (ubyte prefix @ Pc, uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+asmsub print_uwhex  (uword value @ AY, ubyte prefix @ Pc) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	; ---- print the uword in A/Y in hexadecimal form (4 digits)
 	;      (if Carry is set, a radix prefix '$' is printed as well)
 	%asm {{
@@ -888,51 +954,44 @@ asmsub print_uwhex  (ubyte prefix @ Pc, uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	}}
 }
 
-
 asmsub  print_uw0  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	; ---- print the uword in A/Y in decimal form, with left padding 0s (5 positions total)
 	%asm {{
+	    stx  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREGX
 		jsr  c64utils.uword2decimal
 		ldy  #0
--		lda  c64utils.uword2decimal.output,y
+-		lda  c64utils.uword2decimal.decTenThousands,y
+        beq  +
 		jsr  c64.CHROUT
 		iny
-		cpy  #5
 		bne  -
++		ldx  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREGX
 		rts
 	}}
 }
 
-
 asmsub  print_uw  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	; ---- print the uword in A/Y in decimal form, without left padding 0s
 	%asm {{
+	    stx  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREGX
 		jsr  c64utils.uword2decimal
 		ldy  #0
-		lda  c64utils.uword2decimal.output
+-		lda  c64utils.uword2decimal.decTenThousands,y
+		beq  _allzero
 		cmp  #'0'
-		bne  _pr_decimal
-		iny
-		lda  c64utils.uword2decimal.output+1
-		cmp  #'0'
-		bne  _pr_decimal
-		iny
-		lda  c64utils.uword2decimal.output+2
-		cmp  #'0'
-		bne  _pr_decimal
-		iny
-		lda  c64utils.uword2decimal.output+3
-		cmp  #'0'
-		bne  _pr_decimal
+		bne  _gotdigit
 		iny
+		bne  -
 
-_pr_decimal
-		lda  c64utils.uword2decimal.output,y
+_gotdigit
 		jsr  c64.CHROUT
 		iny
-		cpy  #5
-		bcc  _pr_decimal
+		lda  c64utils.uword2decimal.decTenThousands,y
+		bne  _gotdigit
 		rts
+_allzero
+        lda  #'0'
+        jmp  c64.CHROUT
 	}}
 }
 
@@ -1063,7 +1122,7 @@ _mod		lda  $ffff		; modified
 sub  setcc  (ubyte column, ubyte row, ubyte char, ubyte color)  {
 	; ---- set char+color at the given position on the screen
 	%asm {{
-		lda  setcc_row
+		lda  row
 		asl  a
 		tay
 		lda  setchr._screenrows+1,y
@@ -1072,15 +1131,15 @@ sub  setcc  (ubyte column, ubyte row, ubyte char, ubyte color)  {
 		sta  _colormod+2
 		lda  setchr._screenrows,y
 		clc
-		adc  setcc_column
+		adc  column
 		sta  _charmod+1
 		sta  _colormod+1
 		bcc  +
 		inc  _charmod+2
 		inc  _colormod+2
-+		lda  setcc_char
++		lda  char
 _charmod	sta  $ffff		; modified
-		lda  setcc_color
+		lda  color
 _colormod	sta  $ffff		; modified
 		rts
 	}}

compiler/res/prog8lib/math.asm

@@ -643,3 +643,40 @@ mul_word_40	.proc
 		sta  c64.ESTACK_HI+1,x
 		rts
 		.pend
+
+sign_b		.proc
+		lda  c64.ESTACK_LO+1,x
+		beq  _sign_zero
+		bmi  _sign_neg
+_sign_pos	lda  #1
+		sta  c64.ESTACK_LO+1,x
+		rts
+_sign_neg	lda  #-1
+_sign_zero	sta  c64.ESTACK_LO+1,x
+		rts
+		.pend
+
+sign_ub		.proc
+		lda  c64.ESTACK_LO+1,x
+		beq  sign_b._sign_zero
+		bne  sign_b._sign_pos
+		.pend
+
+sign_w		.proc
+		lda  c64.ESTACK_HI+1,x
+		bmi  sign_b._sign_neg
+		beq  sign_ub
+		bne  sign_b._sign_pos
+		.pend
+
+sign_uw		.proc
+		lda  c64.ESTACK_HI+1,x
+		beq  _sign_possibly_zero
+_sign_pos	lda  #1
+		sta  c64.ESTACK_LO+1,x
+		rts
+_sign_possibly_zero	lda  c64.ESTACK_LO+1,x
+		bne  _sign_pos
+		sta  c64.ESTACK_LO+1,x
+		rts
+		.pend

compiler/res/prog8lib/math.p8

@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@
 
 %import c64lib
 
-~ math {
+math {
 	%asminclude "library:math.asm", ""
 }

compiler/res/prog8lib/prog8lib.asm

@@ -36,6 +36,17 @@ init_system	.proc
 		.pend
 
 
+read_byte_from_address	.proc
+	; -- read the byte from the memory address on the top of the stack, return in A (stack remains unchanged)
+		lda  c64.ESTACK_LO+1,x
+		ldy  c64.ESTACK_HI+1,x
+		sta  (+) +1
+		sty  (+) +2
++		lda  $ffff		; modified
+		rts
+		.pend
+
+
 add_a_to_zpword	.proc
 	; -- add ubyte in A to the uword in c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1
 		clc
@@ -705,7 +716,7 @@ func_sin8	.proc
 		lda  _sinecos8,y
 		sta  c64.ESTACK_LO+1,x
 		rts
-_sinecos8	.char  127 * sin(range(256+64) * rad(360.0/256.0))
+_sinecos8	.char  trunc(127.0 * sin(range(256+64) * rad(360.0/256.0)))
 		.pend
 
 func_sin8u	.proc
@@ -713,7 +724,7 @@ func_sin8u	.proc
 		lda  _sinecos8u,y
 		sta  c64.ESTACK_LO+1,x
 		rts
-_sinecos8u	.byte  128 + 127.5 * sin(range(256+64) * rad(360.0/256.0))
+_sinecos8u	.byte  trunc(128.0 + 127.5 * sin(range(256+64) * rad(360.0/256.0)))
 		.pend
 
 func_sin16	.proc
@@ -724,7 +735,7 @@ func_sin16	.proc
 		sta  c64.ESTACK_HI+1,x
 		rts
 
-_  :=  32767 * sin(range(256+64) * rad(360.0/256.0))
+_  :=  trunc(32767.0 * sin(range(256+64) * rad(360.0/256.0)))
 _sinecos8lo     .byte  <_
 _sinecos8hi     .byte  >_
 		.pend
@@ -737,7 +748,7 @@ func_sin16u	.proc
 		sta  c64.ESTACK_HI+1,x
 		rts
 
-_  :=  32768 + 32767.5 * sin(range(256+64) * rad(360.0/256.0))
+_  :=  trunc(32768.0 + 32767.5 * sin(range(256+64) * rad(360.0/256.0)))
 _sinecos8ulo     .byte  <_
 _sinecos8uhi     .byte  >_
 		.pend
@@ -840,11 +851,12 @@ func_all_w	.proc
 		bne  +
 		iny
 		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
-		bne  +
+		bne  ++
 		lda  #0
 		sta  c64.ESTACK_LO+1,x
 		rts
 +		iny
++		iny
 _cmp_mod	cpy  #255		; modified
 		bne  -
 		lda  #1
@@ -1372,3 +1384,378 @@ _mod2b          lda  #0                         ; self-modified
 _done		rts
 		.pend
 
+
+sort_ub		.proc
+		; 8bit unsigned sort
+		; sorting subroutine coded by mats rosengren (mats.rosengren@esa.int)
+		; input:  address of array to sort in c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1, length in c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1
+		; first, put pointer BEFORE array
+		lda  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1
+		bne  +
+		dec  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1+1
++		dec  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1
+_sortloop	ldy  c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1		;start of subroutine sort
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y	;last value in (what is left of) sequence to be sorted
+		sta  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREG		;save value. will be over-written by largest number
+		jmp  _l2
+_l1		dey
+		beq  _l3
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		cmp  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2+1
+		bcc  _l1
+_l2		sty  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2	;index of potentially largest value
+		sta  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2+1	;potentially largest value
+		jmp  _l1
+_l3		ldy  c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1		;where the largest value shall be put
+		lda  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2+1	;the largest value
+		sta  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y	;put largest value in place
+		ldy  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2	;index of free space
+		lda  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREG		;the over-written value
+		sta  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y	;put the over-written value in the free space
+		dec  c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1		;end of the shorter sequence still left
+		bne  _sortloop			;start working with the shorter sequence
+		rts
+		.pend
+
+
+sort_b		.proc
+		; 8bit signed sort
+		; sorting subroutine coded by mats rosengren (mats.rosengren@esa.int)
+		; input:  address of array to sort in c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1, length in c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1
+		; first, put pointer BEFORE array
+		lda  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1
+		bne  +
+		dec  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1+1
++		dec  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1
+_sortloop	ldy  c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1		;start of subroutine sort
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y	;last value in (what is left of) sequence to be sorted
+		sta  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREG		;save value. will be over-written by largest number
+		jmp  _l2
+_l1		dey
+		beq  _l3
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		cmp  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2+1
+		bmi  _l1
+_l2		sty  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2	;index of potentially largest value
+		sta  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2+1	;potentially largest value
+		jmp  _l1
+_l3		ldy  c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1		;where the largest value shall be put
+		lda  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2+1	;the largest value
+		sta  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y	;put largest value in place
+		ldy  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2	;index of free space
+		lda  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREG		;the over-written value
+		sta  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y	;put the over-written value in the free space
+		dec  c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1		;end of the shorter sequence still left
+		bne  _sortloop			;start working with the shorter sequence
+		rts
+		.pend
+
+
+sort_uw		.proc
+		; 16bit unsigned sort
+		; sorting subroutine coded by mats rosengren (mats.rosengren@esa.int)
+		; input:  address of array to sort in c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1, length in c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1
+		; first: subtract 2 of the pointer
+		asl  c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1		; *2 because words
+		lda  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1
+		sec
+		sbc  #2
+		sta  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1
+		bcs  _sort_loop
+		dec  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1+1
+_sort_loop	ldy  c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1    	;start of subroutine sort
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y    ;last value in (what is left of) sequence to be sorted
+		sta  _work3          		;save value. will be over-written by largest number
+		iny
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		sta  _work3+1
+		dey
+		jmp  _l2
+_l1		dey
+		dey
+		beq  _l3
+		iny
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		dey
+		cmp  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2+1
+		bne  +
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		cmp  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2
++		bcc  _l1
+_l2		sty  _work1          		;index of potentially largest value
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		sta  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2          ;potentially largest value
+		iny
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		sta  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2+1
+		dey
+		jmp  _l1
+_l3		ldy  c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1           ;where the largest value shall be put
+		lda  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2          ;the largest value
+		sta  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y      ;put largest value in place
+		iny
+		lda  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2+1
+		sta  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		ldy  _work1         		 ;index of free space
+		lda  _work3          		;the over-written value
+		sta  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y      ;put the over-written value in the free space
+		iny
+		lda  _work3+1
+		sta  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		dey
+		dec  c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1           ;end of the shorter sequence still left
+		dec  c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1
+		bne  _sort_loop           ;start working with the shorter sequence
+		rts
+_work1	.byte  0
+_work3	.word  0
+		.pend
+
+
+sort_w		.proc
+		; 16bit signed sort
+		; sorting subroutine coded by mats rosengren (mats.rosengren@esa.int)
+		; input:  address of array to sort in c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1, length in c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1
+		; first: subtract 2 of the pointer
+		asl  c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1		; *2 because words
+		lda  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1
+		sec
+		sbc  #2
+		sta  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1
+		bcs  _sort_loop
+		dec  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1+1
+_sort_loop	ldy  c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1    	;start of subroutine sort
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y    ;last value in (what is left of) sequence to be sorted
+		sta  _work3          		;save value. will be over-written by largest number
+		iny
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		sta  _work3+1
+		dey
+		jmp  _l2
+_l1		dey
+		dey
+		beq  _l3
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		cmp  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2
+		iny
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		dey
+		sbc  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2+1
+		bvc  +
+		eor  #$80
++		bmi  _l1
+_l2		sty  _work1          		;index of potentially largest value
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		sta  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2          ;potentially largest value
+		iny
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		sta  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2+1
+		dey
+		jmp  _l1
+_l3		ldy  c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1           ;where the largest value shall be put
+		lda  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2          ;the largest value
+		sta  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y      ;put largest value in place
+		iny
+		lda  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2+1
+		sta  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		ldy  _work1         		 ;index of free space
+		lda  _work3          		;the over-written value
+		sta  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y      ;put the over-written value in the free space
+		iny
+		lda  _work3+1
+		sta  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		dey
+		dec  c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1           ;end of the shorter sequence still left
+		dec  c64.SCRATCH_ZPB1
+		bne  _sort_loop           ;start working with the shorter sequence
+		rts
+_work1	.byte  0
+_work3	.word  0
+		.pend
+
+
+reverse_b	.proc
+		; --- reverse an array of bytes (in-place)
+		; inputs:  pointer to array in c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1, length in A
+_left_index = c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2
+_right_index = c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2+1
+		pha
+		sec
+		sbc  #1
+		sta  _left_index
+		lda  #0
+		sta  _right_index
+		pla
+		lsr  a
+		tay
+_loop		sty  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREG
+		ldy  _left_index
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		pha
+		ldy  _right_index
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		ldy  _left_index
+		sta  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		pla
+		ldy  _right_index
+		sta  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		inc  _right_index
+		dec  _left_index
+		ldy  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREG
+		dey
+		bne  _loop
+		rts
+		.pend
+
+
+reverse_w	.proc
+		; --- reverse an array of words (in-place)
+		; inputs:  pointer to array in c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1, length in A
+_left_index = c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2
+_right_index = c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD2+1
+		pha
+		asl  a     ; *2 because words
+		sec
+		sbc  #2
+		sta  _left_index
+		lda  #0
+		sta  _right_index
+		pla
+		lsr  a
+		pha
+		tay
+		; first reverse the lsbs
+_loop_lo	sty  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREG
+		ldy  _left_index
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		pha
+		ldy  _right_index
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		ldy  _left_index
+		sta  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		pla
+		ldy  _right_index
+		sta  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		inc  _right_index
+		inc  _right_index
+		dec  _left_index
+		dec  _left_index
+		ldy  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREG
+		dey
+		bne  _loop_lo
+		; now reverse the msbs
+		dec  _right_index
+		inc  _left_index
+		inc  _left_index
+		inc  _left_index
+		pla
+		tay
+_loop_hi	sty  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREG
+		ldy  _left_index
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		pha
+		ldy  _right_index
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		ldy  _left_index
+		sta  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		pla
+		ldy  _right_index
+		sta  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		dec  _right_index
+		dec  _right_index
+		inc  _left_index
+		inc  _left_index
+		ldy  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREG
+		dey
+		bne  _loop_hi
+
+		rts
+		.pend
+
+ror2_mem_ub	.proc
+		; -- in-place 8-bit ror of byte at memory location on stack
+		inx
+		lda  c64.ESTACK_LO,x
+		sta  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1
+		lda  c64.ESTACK_HI,x
+		sta  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1+1
+		ldy  #0
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		lsr  a
+		bcc  +
+		ora  #$80
++		sta  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		rts
+		.pend
+
+rol2_mem_ub	.proc
+		; -- in-place 8-bit rol of byte at memory location on stack
+		;"  lda  ${number.toHex()} |  cmp  #\$80 |  rol  a |  sta  ${number.toHex()}"
+		inx
+		lda  c64.ESTACK_LO,x
+		sta  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1
+		lda  c64.ESTACK_HI,x
+		sta  c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1+1
+		ldy  #0
+		lda  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		cmp  #$80
+		rol  a
+		sta  (c64.SCRATCH_ZPWORD1),y
+		rts
+		.pend
+
+lsl_array_b	.proc
+		.warn "lsl_array_b"		; TODO
+		.pend
+
+lsl_array_w	.proc
+		.warn "lsl_array_w"		; TODO
+		.pend
+
+lsr_array_ub	.proc
+		.warn "lsr_array_ub"		; TODO
+		.pend
+
+lsr_array_b	.proc
+		.warn "lsr_array_b"		; TODO
+		.pend
+
+lsr_array_uw	.proc
+		.warn "lsr_array_uw"		; TODO
+		.pend
+
+lsr_array_w	.proc
+		.warn "lsr_array_w"		; TODO
+		.pend
+
+rol_array_ub	.proc
+		.warn "rol_array_ub"		; TODO
+		.pend
+
+rol_array_uw	.proc
+		.warn "rol_array_uw"		; TODO
+		.pend
+
+rol2_array_ub	.proc
+		.warn "rol2_array_ub"		; TODO
+		.pend
+
+rol2_array_uw	.proc
+		.warn "rol2_array_uw"		; TODO
+		.pend
+
+ror_array_ub	.proc
+		.warn "ror_array_ub"		; TODO
+		.pend
+
+ror_array_uw	.proc
+		.warn "ror_array_uw"		; TODO
+		.pend
+
+ror2_array_ub	.proc
+		.warn "ror2_array_ub"		; TODO
+		.pend
+
+ror2_array_uw	.proc
+		.warn "ror2_array_uw"		; TODO
+		.pend

compiler/res/prog8lib/prog8lib.p8

@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@
 
 %import c64lib
 
-~ prog8_lib {
+prog8_lib {
 	%asminclude "library:prog8lib.asm", ""
 }

compiler/res/version.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.11
+1.70

compiler/src/prog8/CompilerMain.kt

@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
 package prog8
 
-import prog8.vm.astvm.AstVm
-import prog8.vm.stackvm.stackVmMain
+import kotlinx.cli.*
+import prog8.ast.base.AstException
 import prog8.compiler.*
-import java.nio.file.Paths
+import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.Petscii
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.AsmGen
+import prog8.parser.ParsingFailedError
+import prog8.vm.astvm.AstVm
+import java.io.IOException
+import java.nio.file.FileSystems
+import java.nio.file.Path
+import java.nio.file.StandardWatchEventKinds
+import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import kotlin.system.exitProcess
 
 
 fun main(args: Array<String>) {
-
-    // check if the user wants to launch the VM instead
-    if("-vm" in args) {
-        val newArgs = args.toMutableList()
-        newArgs.remove("-vm")
-        return stackVmMain(newArgs.toTypedArray())
-    }
-
     printSoftwareHeader("compiler")
 
-    if (args.isEmpty())
-        usage()
     compileMain(args)
 }
 
@@ -30,72 +30,122 @@ internal fun printSoftwareHeader(what: String) {
 }
 
 
+fun pathFrom(stringPath: String, vararg rest: String): Path  = FileSystems.getDefault().getPath(stringPath, *rest)
+
+
 private fun compileMain(args: Array<String>) {
-    var emulatorToStart = ""
-    var moduleFile = ""
-    var writeVmCode = false
-    var writeAssembly = true
-    var optimize = true
-    var optimizeInlining = true
-    var launchAstVm = false
-    for (arg in args) {
-        if(arg=="-emu")
-            emulatorToStart = "x64"
-        else if(arg=="-emu2")
-            emulatorToStart = "x64sc"
-        else if(arg=="-writevm")
-            writeVmCode = true
-        else if(arg=="-noasm")
-            writeAssembly = false
-        else if(arg=="-noopt")
-            optimize = false
-        else if(arg=="-nooptinline")
-            optimizeInlining = false
-        else if(arg=="-avm")
-            launchAstVm = true
-        else if(!arg.startsWith("-"))
-            moduleFile = arg
-        else
-            usage()
+    val cli = CommandLineInterface("prog8compiler")
+    val startEmulator by cli.flagArgument("-emu", "auto-start the Vice C-64 emulator after successful compilation")
+    val outputDir by cli.flagValueArgument("-out", "directory", "directory for output files instead of current directory", ".")
+    val dontWriteAssembly by cli.flagArgument("-noasm", "don't create assembly code")
+    val dontOptimize by cli.flagArgument("-noopt", "don't perform any optimizations")
+    val launchSimulator by cli.flagArgument("-sim", "launch the builtin execution simulator after compilation")
+    val watchMode by cli.flagArgument("-watch", "continuous compilation mode (watches for file changes), greatly increases compilation speed")
+    val compilationTarget by cli.flagValueArgument("-target", "compilertarget", "target output of the compiler, currently only 'c64' (C64 6502 assembly) available", "c64")
+    val moduleFiles by cli.positionalArgumentsList("modules", "main module file(s) to compile", minArgs = 1)
+
+    try {
+        cli.parse(args)
+    } catch (e: Exception) {
+        exitProcess(1)
     }
-    if(moduleFile.isBlank())
-        usage()
 
-    val filepath = Paths.get(moduleFile).normalize()
+    when(compilationTarget) {
+        "c64" -> {
+            with(CompilationTarget) {
+                name = "c64"
+                machine = C64MachineDefinition
+                encodeString = { str -> Petscii.encodePetscii(str, true) }
+                decodeString = { bytes -> Petscii.decodePetscii(bytes, true) }
+                asmGenerator = ::AsmGen
+            }
+        }
+        else -> {
+            System.err.println("invalid compilation target")
+            exitProcess(1)
+        }
+    }
 
-    val (programAst, programName) = compileProgram(filepath, optimize, optimizeInlining,
-            !launchAstVm, writeVmCode, writeAssembly)
+    val outputPath = pathFrom(outputDir)
+    if(!outputPath.toFile().isDirectory) {
+        System.err.println("Output path doesn't exist")
+        exitProcess(1)
+    }
 
-    if(launchAstVm) {
-        println("\nLaunching AST-based vm...")
-        val vm = AstVm(programAst)
+    if(watchMode && moduleFiles.size<=1) {
+        val watchservice = FileSystems.getDefault().newWatchService()
+
+        while(true) {
+            val filepath = pathFrom(moduleFiles.single()).normalize()
+            println("Continuous watch mode active. Main module: $filepath")
+
+            try {
+                val compilationResult = compileProgram(filepath, !dontOptimize, !dontWriteAssembly, outputDir=outputPath)
+                println("Imported files (now watching:)")
+                for (importedFile in compilationResult.importedFiles) {
+                    print("  ")
+                    println(importedFile)
+                    importedFile.parent.register(watchservice, StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_MODIFY)
+                }
+                println("[${LocalDateTime.now().withNano(0)}]  Waiting for file changes.")
+                val event = watchservice.take()
+                for(changed in event.pollEvents()) {
+                    val changedPath = changed.context() as Path
+                    println("  change detected: $changedPath")
+                }
+                event.reset()
+                println("\u001b[H\u001b[2J")      // clear the screen
+            } catch (x: Exception) {
+                throw x
+            }
+        }
+
+    } else {
+        for(filepathRaw in moduleFiles) {
+            val filepath = pathFrom(filepathRaw).normalize()
+            val compilationResult: CompilationResult
+            try {
+                compilationResult = compileProgram(filepath, !dontOptimize, !dontWriteAssembly, outputDir=outputPath)
+                if(!compilationResult.success)
+                    exitProcess(1)
+            } catch (x: ParsingFailedError) {
+                exitProcess(1)
+            } catch (x: AstException) {
+                exitProcess(1)
+            }
+
+            if (launchSimulator) {
+//                val c64 = razorvine.c64emu.C64Machine("C64 emulator launched from Prog8 compiler")
+//                c64.cpu.addBreakpoint(0xea31) { cpu, address ->
+//                    println("zz")
+//                    Cpu6502.BreakpointResultAction()
+//                }
+//                c64.start()
+                println("\nLaunching AST-based simulator...")
+                val vm = AstVm(compilationResult.programAst, compilationTarget)
                 vm.run()
             }
 
-    if(emulatorToStart.isNotEmpty()) {
-        if(programName==null)
+            if (startEmulator) {
+                if (compilationResult.programName.isEmpty())
                     println("\nCan't start emulator because no program was assembled.")
-        else {
-            println("\nStarting C-64 emulator $emulatorToStart...")
-            val cmdline = listOf(emulatorToStart, "-silent", "-moncommands", "$programName.vice-mon-list",
-                    "-autostartprgmode", "1", "-autostart-warp", "-autostart", programName + ".prg")
-            val process = ProcessBuilder(cmdline).inheritIO().start()
+                else if(startEmulator) {
+                    for(emulator in listOf("x64sc", "x64")) {
+                        println("\nStarting C-64 emulator $emulator...")
+                        val cmdline = listOf(emulator, "-silent", "-moncommands", "${compilationResult.programName}.vice-mon-list",
+                                "-autostartprgmode", "1", "-autostart-warp", "-autostart", compilationResult.programName + ".prg")
+                        val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline).inheritIO()
+                        val process: Process
+                        try {
+                            process=processb.start()
+                        } catch(x: IOException) {
+                            continue  // try the next emulator executable
+                        }
                         process.waitFor()
+                        break
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
     }
-
-
-private fun usage() {
-    System.err.println("Missing argument(s):")
-    System.err.println("    [-emu]          auto-start the 'x64' C-64 emulator after successful compilation")
-    System.err.println("    [-emu2]         auto-start the 'x64sc' C-64 emulator after successful compilation")
-    System.err.println("    [-writevm]      write intermediate vm code to a file as well")
-    System.err.println("    [-noasm]        don't create assembly code")
-    System.err.println("    [-vm]           launch the prog8 virtual machine instead of the compiler")
-    System.err.println("    [-avm]          launch the prog8 ast-based virtual machine after compilation")
-    System.err.println("    [-noopt]        don't perform any optimizations")
-    System.err.println("    [-nooptinline]  don't perform subroutine inlining optimizations")
-    System.err.println("    modulefile      main module file to compile")
-    exitProcess(1)
 }

compiler/src/prog8/ast/AstToSourceCode.kt

@@ -1,22 +1,21 @@
-package prog8.compiler
+package prog8.ast
 
 import prog8.ast.antlr.escape
-import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
-import prog8.ast.IStatement
-import prog8.ast.Module
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.base.*
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.base.NumericDatatypes
+import prog8.ast.base.VarDeclType
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.processing.IAstVisitor
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.compiler.toHex
 
-class AstToSourceCode(val output: (text: String) -> Unit): IAstVisitor {
-    var scopelevel = 0
+class AstToSourceCode(val output: (text: String) -> Unit, val program: Program): IAstVisitor {
+    private var scopelevel = 0
 
-    fun indent(s: String) = "    ".repeat(scopelevel) + s
-    fun outputln(text: String) = output(text + "\n")
-    fun outputlni(s: Any) = outputln(indent(s.toString()))
-    fun outputi(s: Any) = output(indent(s.toString()))
+    private fun indent(s: String) = "    ".repeat(scopelevel) + s
+    private fun outputln(text: String) = output(text + "\n")
+    private fun outputlni(s: Any) = outputln(indent(s.toString()))
+    private fun outputi(s: Any) = output(indent(s.toString()))
 
     override fun visit(program: Program) {
         outputln("============= PROGRAM ${program.name} (FROM AST) ===============")
@@ -76,10 +75,10 @@ class AstToSourceCode(val output: (text: String) -> Unit): IAstVisitor {
         output("\n")
     }
 
-    fun datatypeString(dt: DataType): String {
+    private fun datatypeString(dt: DataType): String {
         return when(dt) {
             in NumericDatatypes -> dt.toString().toLowerCase()
-            in StringDatatypes -> dt.toString().toLowerCase()
+            DataType.STR -> dt.toString().toLowerCase()
             DataType.ARRAY_UB -> "ubyte["
             DataType.ARRAY_B -> "byte["
             DataType.ARRAY_UW -> "uword["
@@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ class AstToSourceCode(val output: (text: String) -> Unit): IAstVisitor {
             for(param in subroutine.parameters.zip(subroutine.asmParameterRegisters)) {
                 val reg =
                         when {
-                            true==param.second.stack -> "stack"
+                            param.second.stack -> "stack"
                             param.second.registerOrPair!=null -> param.second.registerOrPair.toString()
                             param.second.statusflag!=null -> param.second.statusflag.toString()
                             else -> "?????1"
@@ -176,9 +175,9 @@ class AstToSourceCode(val output: (text: String) -> Unit): IAstVisitor {
         }
     }
 
-    private fun outputStatements(statements: List<IStatement>) {
+    private fun outputStatements(statements: List<Statement>) {
         for(stmt in statements) {
-            if(stmt is VarDecl && stmt.hiddenButDoNotRemove)
+            if(stmt is VarDecl && stmt.autogeneratedDontRemove)
                 continue    // skip autogenerated decls (to avoid generating a newline)
             outputi("")
             stmt.accept(this)
@@ -197,9 +196,9 @@ class AstToSourceCode(val output: (text: String) -> Unit): IAstVisitor {
     private fun printout(call: IFunctionCall) {
         call.target.accept(this)
         output("(")
-        for(arg in call.arglist) {
+        for(arg in call.args) {
             arg.accept(this)
-            if(arg!==call.arglist.last())
+            if(arg!==call.args.last())
                 output(", ")
         }
         output(")")
@@ -252,18 +251,25 @@ class AstToSourceCode(val output: (text: String) -> Unit): IAstVisitor {
         output("${label.name}:")
     }
 
-    override fun visit(literalValue: LiteralValue) {
-        when {
-            literalValue.isNumeric -> output(literalValue.asNumericValue.toString())
-            literalValue.isString -> output("\"${escape(literalValue.strvalue!!)}\"")
-            literalValue.isArray -> {
-                if(literalValue.arrayvalue!=null) {
+    override fun visit(numLiteral: NumericLiteralValue) {
+        output(numLiteral.number.toString())
+    }
+
+    override fun visit(string: StringLiteralValue) {
+        output("\"${escape(string.value)}\"")
+    }
+
+    override fun visit(array: ArrayLiteralValue) {
+        outputListMembers(array.value.asSequence(), '[', ']')
+    }
+
+    private fun outputListMembers(array: Sequence<Expression>, openchar: Char, closechar: Char) {
         var counter = 0
-                    output("[")
+        output(openchar.toString())
         scopelevel++
-                    for (v in literalValue.arrayvalue) {
+        for (v in array) {
             v.accept(this)
-                        if (v !== literalValue.arrayvalue.last())
+            if (v !== array.last())
                 output(", ")
             counter++
             if (counter > 16) {
@@ -273,13 +279,18 @@ class AstToSourceCode(val output: (text: String) -> Unit): IAstVisitor {
             }
         }
         scopelevel--
-                    output("]")
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        output(closechar.toString())
     }
 
     override fun visit(assignment: Assignment) {
+        if(assignment is VariableInitializationAssignment) {
+            val targetVar = assignment.target.identifier?.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
+            if(targetVar?.struct != null) {
+                // skip STRUCT init assignments
+                return
+            }
+        }
+
         assignment.target.accept(this)
         if (assignment.aug_op != null)
             output(" ${assignment.aug_op} ")
@@ -303,13 +314,6 @@ class AstToSourceCode(val output: (text: String) -> Unit): IAstVisitor {
 
     override fun visit(forLoop: ForLoop) {
         output("for ")
-        if(forLoop.decltype!=null) {
-            output(datatypeString(forLoop.decltype))
-            if (forLoop.zeropage==ZeropageWish.REQUIRE_ZEROPAGE || forLoop.zeropage==ZeropageWish.PREFER_ZEROPAGE)
-                output(" @zp ")
-            else
-                output(" ")
-        }
         if(forLoop.loopRegister!=null)
             output(forLoop.loopRegister.toString())
         else
@@ -328,7 +332,7 @@ class AstToSourceCode(val output: (text: String) -> Unit): IAstVisitor {
     }
 
     override fun visit(repeatLoop: RepeatLoop) {
-        outputln("repeat ")
+        output("repeat ")
         repeatLoop.body.accept(this)
         output(" until ")
         repeatLoop.untilCondition.accept(this)
@@ -412,13 +416,14 @@ class AstToSourceCode(val output: (text: String) -> Unit): IAstVisitor {
     }
 
     override fun visit(whenChoice: WhenChoice) {
-        if(whenChoice.values==null)
+        val choiceValues = whenChoice.values
+        if(choiceValues==null)
             outputi("else -> ")
         else {
             outputi("")
-            for(value in whenChoice.values) {
+            for(value in choiceValues) {
                 value.accept(this)
-                if(value !== whenChoice.values.last())
+                if(value !== choiceValues.last())
                     output(",")
             }
             output(" -> ")
@@ -429,6 +434,11 @@ class AstToSourceCode(val output: (text: String) -> Unit): IAstVisitor {
             whenChoice.statements.accept(this)
         outputln("")
     }
+
+    override fun visit(structLv: StructLiteralValue) {
+        outputListMembers(structLv.values.asSequence(), '{', '}')
+    }
+
     override fun visit(nopStatement: NopStatement) {
         output("; NOP @ ${nopStatement.position}  $nopStatement")
     }

compiler/src/prog8/ast/AstToplevel.kt

@@ -1,26 +1,182 @@
 package prog8.ast
 
 import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.Block
-import prog8.ast.statements.Label
-import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
-import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
-import prog8.compiler.HeapValues
+import prog8.ast.expressions.Expression
+import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
+import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
 import java.nio.file.Path
 
 
+interface Node {
+    val position: Position
+    var parent: Node             // will be linked correctly later (late init)
+    fun linkParents(parent: Node)
+
+    fun definingModule(): Module {
+        if(this is Module)
+            return this
+        return findParentNode<Module>(this)!!
+    }
+
+    fun definingSubroutine(): Subroutine?  = findParentNode<Subroutine>(this)
+
+    fun definingScope(): INameScope {
+        val scope = findParentNode<INameScope>(this)
+        if(scope!=null) {
+            return scope
+        }
+        if(this is Label && this.name.startsWith("builtin::")) {
+            return BuiltinFunctionScopePlaceholder
+        }
+        if(this is GlobalNamespace)
+            return this
+        throw FatalAstException("scope missing from $this")
+    }
+}
+
+interface IFunctionCall {
+    var target: IdentifierReference
+    var args: MutableList<Expression>
+}
+
+interface INameScope {
+    val name: String
+    val position: Position
+    val statements: MutableList<Statement>
+    val parent: Node
+
+    fun linkParents(parent: Node)
+
+    fun subScopes(): Map<String, INameScope> {
+        val subscopes = mutableMapOf<String, INameScope>()
+        for(stmt in statements) {
+            when(stmt) {
+                // NOTE: if other nodes are introduced that are a scope, or contain subscopes, they must be added here!
+                is ForLoop -> subscopes[stmt.body.name] = stmt.body
+                is RepeatLoop -> subscopes[stmt.body.name] = stmt.body
+                is WhileLoop -> subscopes[stmt.body.name] = stmt.body
+                is BranchStatement -> {
+                    subscopes[stmt.truepart.name] = stmt.truepart
+                    if(stmt.elsepart.containsCodeOrVars())
+                        subscopes[stmt.elsepart.name] = stmt.elsepart
+                }
+                is IfStatement -> {
+                    subscopes[stmt.truepart.name] = stmt.truepart
+                    if(stmt.elsepart.containsCodeOrVars())
+                        subscopes[stmt.elsepart.name] = stmt.elsepart
+                }
+                is WhenStatement -> {
+                    stmt.choices.forEach { subscopes[it.statements.name] = it.statements }
+                }
+                is INameScope -> subscopes[stmt.name] = stmt
+                else -> {}
+            }
+        }
+        return subscopes
+    }
+
+    fun getLabelOrVariable(name: String): Statement? {
+        // this is called A LOT and could perhaps be optimized a bit more,
+        // but adding a memoization cache didn't make much of a practical runtime difference
+        for (stmt in statements) {
+            if (stmt is VarDecl && stmt.name==name) return stmt
+            if (stmt is Label && stmt.name==name) return stmt
+            if (stmt is AnonymousScope) {
+                val sub = stmt.getLabelOrVariable(name)
+                if(sub!=null)
+                    return sub
+            }
+        }
+        return null
+    }
+
+    fun allDefinedSymbols(): List<Pair<String, Statement>>  {
+        return statements.mapNotNull {
+            when (it) {
+                is Label -> it.name to it
+                is VarDecl -> it.name to it
+                is Subroutine -> it.name to it
+                is Block -> it.name to it
+                else -> null
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun lookup(scopedName: List<String>, localContext: Node) : Statement? {
+        if(scopedName.size>1) {
+            // a scoped name can a) refer to a member of a struct, or b) refer to a name in another module.
+            // try the struct first.
+            val thing = lookup(scopedName.dropLast(1), localContext) as? VarDecl
+            val struct = thing?.struct
+            if (struct != null) {
+                if(struct.statements.any { (it as VarDecl).name == scopedName.last()}) {
+                    // return ref to the mangled name variable
+                    val mangled = mangledStructMemberName(thing.name, scopedName.last())
+                    return thing.definingScope().getLabelOrVariable(mangled)
+                }
+            }
+
+            // it's a qualified name, look it up from the root of the module's namespace (consider all modules in the program)
+            for(module in localContext.definingModule().program.modules) {
+                var scope: INameScope? = module
+                for(name in scopedName.dropLast(1)) {
+                    scope = scope?.subScopes()?.get(name)
+                    if(scope==null)
+                        break
+                }
+                if(scope!=null) {
+                    val result = scope.getLabelOrVariable(scopedName.last())
+                    if(result!=null)
+                        return result
+                    return scope.subScopes()[scopedName.last()] as Statement?
+                }
+            }
+            return null
+        } else {
+            // unqualified name, find the scope the localContext is in, look in that first
+            var statementScope = localContext
+            while(statementScope !is ParentSentinel) {
+                val localScope = statementScope.definingScope()
+                val result = localScope.getLabelOrVariable(scopedName[0])
+                if (result != null)
+                    return result
+                val subscope = localScope.subScopes()[scopedName[0]] as Statement?
+                if (subscope != null)
+                    return subscope
+                // not found in this scope, look one higher up
+                statementScope = statementScope.parent
+            }
+            return null
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun containsCodeOrVars() = statements.any { it !is Directive || it.directive == "%asminclude" || it.directive == "%asm"}
+    fun containsNoCodeNorVars() = !containsCodeOrVars()
+
+    fun remove(stmt: Statement) {
+        if(!statements.remove(stmt))
+            throw FatalAstException("stmt to remove wasn't found in scope")
+    }
+}
+
+interface IAssignable {
+    // just a tag for now
+}
+
+
 /*********** Everything starts from here, the Program; zero or more modules *************/
 
 class Program(val name: String, val modules: MutableList<Module>) {
     val namespace = GlobalNamespace(modules)
-    val heap = HeapValues()
 
-    val loadAddress: Int
+    val definedLoadAddress: Int
         get() = modules.first().loadAddress
 
+    var actualLoadAddress: Int = 0
+
     fun entrypoint(): Subroutine? {
-        val mainBlocks = modules.flatMap { it.statements }.filter { b -> b is Block && b.name=="main" }.map { it as Block }
+        val mainBlocks = allBlocks().filter { it.name=="main" }
         if(mainBlocks.size > 1)
             throw FatalAstException("more than one 'main' block")
         return if(mainBlocks.isEmpty()) {
@@ -29,10 +185,12 @@ class Program(val name: String, val modules: MutableList<Module>) {
             mainBlocks[0].subScopes()["start"] as Subroutine?
         }
     }
+
+    fun allBlocks(): List<Block> = modules.flatMap { it.statements.filterIsInstance<Block>() }
 }
 
 class Module(override val name: String,
-             override var statements: MutableList<IStatement>,
+             override var statements: MutableList<Statement>,
              override val position: Position,
              val isLibraryModule: Boolean,
              val source: Path) : Node, INameScope {
@@ -56,14 +214,14 @@ class Module(override val name: String,
 class GlobalNamespace(val modules: List<Module>): Node, INameScope {
     override val name = "<<<global>>>"
     override val position = Position("<<<global>>>", 0, 0, 0)
-    override val statements = mutableListOf<IStatement>()
+    override val statements = mutableListOf<Statement>()
     override var parent: Node = ParentSentinel
 
     override fun linkParents(parent: Node) {
         modules.forEach { it.linkParents(this) }
     }
 
-    override fun lookup(scopedName: List<String>, localContext: Node): IStatement? {
+    override fun lookup(scopedName: List<String>, localContext: Node): Statement? {
         if (scopedName.size == 1 && scopedName[0] in BuiltinFunctions) {
             // builtin functions always exist, return a dummy localContext for them
             val builtinPlaceholder = Label("builtin::${scopedName.last()}", localContext.position)
@@ -80,14 +238,12 @@ class GlobalNamespace(val modules: List<Module>): Node, INameScope {
                 if(struct.statements.any { (it as VarDecl).name == scopedName.last()}) {
                     // return ref to the mangled name variable
                     val mangled = mangledStructMemberName(thing.name, scopedName.last())
-                    val mangledVar = thing.definingScope().getLabelOrVariable(mangled)
-                    return mangledVar
+                    return thing.definingScope().getLabelOrVariable(mangled)
                 }
             }
         }
-
-        val stmt = localContext.definingModule().lookup(scopedName, localContext)
-        return when (stmt) {
+        // lookup something from the module.
+        return when (val stmt = localContext.definingModule().lookup(scopedName, localContext)) {
             is Label, is VarDecl, is Block, is Subroutine -> stmt
             null -> null
             else -> throw NameError("wrong identifier target: $stmt", stmt.position)
@@ -98,7 +254,7 @@ class GlobalNamespace(val modules: List<Module>): Node, INameScope {
 object BuiltinFunctionScopePlaceholder : INameScope {
     override val name = "<<builtin-functions-scope-placeholder>>"
     override val position = Position("<<placeholder>>", 0, 0, 0)
-    override var statements = mutableListOf<IStatement>()
+    override var statements = mutableListOf<Statement>()
     override var parent: Node = ParentSentinel
     override fun linkParents(parent: Node) {}
 }

compiler/src/prog8/ast/Interfaces.kt

@@ -1,220 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.ast
-
-import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.processing.IAstModifyingVisitor
-import prog8.ast.processing.IAstVisitor
-import prog8.ast.statements.*
-
-interface Node {
-    val position: Position
-    var parent: Node             // will be linked correctly later (late init)
-    fun linkParents(parent: Node)
-
-    fun definingModule(): Module {
-        if(this is Module)
-            return this
-        return findParentNode<Module>(this)!!
-    }
-
-    fun definingSubroutine(): Subroutine?  = findParentNode<Subroutine>(this)
-
-    fun definingScope(): INameScope {
-        val scope = findParentNode<INameScope>(this)
-        if(scope!=null) {
-            return scope
-        }
-        if(this is Label && this.name.startsWith("builtin::")) {
-            return BuiltinFunctionScopePlaceholder
-        }
-        if(this is GlobalNamespace)
-            return this
-        throw FatalAstException("scope missing from $this")
-    }
-}
-
-interface IStatement : Node {
-    fun accept(visitor: IAstModifyingVisitor) : IStatement
-    fun accept(visitor: IAstVisitor)
-    fun makeScopedName(name: String): String {
-        // easy way out is to always return the full scoped name.
-        // it would be nicer to find only the minimal prefixed scoped name, but that's too much hassle for now.
-        // and like this, we can cache the name even,
-        // like in a lazy property on the statement object itself (label, subroutine, vardecl)
-        val scope = mutableListOf<String>()
-        var statementScope = this.parent
-        while(statementScope !is ParentSentinel && statementScope !is Module) {
-            if(statementScope is INameScope) {
-                scope.add(0, statementScope.name)
-            }
-            statementScope = statementScope.parent
-        }
-        if(name.isNotEmpty())
-            scope.add(name)
-        return scope.joinToString(".")
-    }
-
-    val expensiveToInline: Boolean
-
-    fun definingBlock(): Block {
-        if(this is Block)
-            return this
-        return findParentNode<Block>(this)!!
-    }
-}
-
-interface IFunctionCall {
-    var target: IdentifierReference
-    var arglist: MutableList<IExpression>
-}
-
-interface INameScope {
-    val name: String
-    val position: Position
-    val statements: MutableList<IStatement>
-    val parent: Node
-
-    fun linkParents(parent: Node)
-
-    fun subScopes(): Map<String, INameScope> {
-        val subscopes = mutableMapOf<String, INameScope>()
-        for(stmt in statements) {
-            when(stmt) {
-                // NOTE: if other nodes are introduced that are a scope, or contain subscopes, they must be added here!
-                is ForLoop -> subscopes[stmt.body.name] = stmt.body
-                is RepeatLoop -> subscopes[stmt.body.name] = stmt.body
-                is WhileLoop -> subscopes[stmt.body.name] = stmt.body
-                is BranchStatement -> {
-                    subscopes[stmt.truepart.name] = stmt.truepart
-                    if(stmt.elsepart.containsCodeOrVars())
-                        subscopes[stmt.elsepart.name] = stmt.elsepart
-                }
-                is IfStatement -> {
-                    subscopes[stmt.truepart.name] = stmt.truepart
-                    if(stmt.elsepart.containsCodeOrVars())
-                        subscopes[stmt.elsepart.name] = stmt.elsepart
-                }
-                is WhenStatement -> {
-                    stmt.choices.forEach { subscopes[it.statements.name] = it.statements }
-                }
-                is INameScope -> subscopes[stmt.name] = stmt
-            }
-        }
-        return subscopes
-    }
-
-    fun getLabelOrVariable(name: String): IStatement? {
-        // this is called A LOT and could perhaps be optimized a bit more,
-        // but adding a memoization cache didn't make much of a practical runtime difference
-        for (stmt in statements) {
-            if (stmt is VarDecl && stmt.name==name) return stmt
-            if (stmt is Label && stmt.name==name) return stmt
-            if (stmt is AnonymousScope) {
-                val sub = stmt.getLabelOrVariable(name)
-                if(sub!=null)
-                    return sub
-            }
-        }
-        return null
-    }
-
-    fun allDefinedSymbols(): List<Pair<String, IStatement>>  {
-        return statements.mapNotNull {
-            when (it) {
-                is Label -> it.name to it
-                is VarDecl -> it.name to it
-                is Subroutine -> it.name to it
-                is Block -> it.name to it
-                else -> null
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun lookup(scopedName: List<String>, localContext: Node) : IStatement? {
-        if(scopedName.size>1) {
-            // a scoped name can a) refer to a member of a struct, or b) refer to a name in another module.
-            // try the struct first.
-            val thing = lookup(scopedName.dropLast(1), localContext) as? VarDecl
-            val struct = thing?.struct
-            if (struct != null) {
-                if(struct.statements.any { (it as VarDecl).name == scopedName.last()}) {
-                    // return ref to the mangled name variable
-                    val mangled = mangledStructMemberName(thing.name, scopedName.last())
-                    val mangledVar = thing.definingScope().getLabelOrVariable(mangled)
-                    return mangledVar
-                }
-            }
-
-            // it's a qualified name, look it up from the root of the module's namespace (consider all modules in the program)
-            for(module in localContext.definingModule().program.modules) {
-                var scope: INameScope? = module
-                for(name in scopedName.dropLast(1)) {
-                    scope = scope?.subScopes()?.get(name)
-                    if(scope==null)
-                        break
-                }
-                if(scope!=null) {
-                    val result = scope.getLabelOrVariable(scopedName.last())
-                    if(result!=null)
-                        return result
-                    return scope.subScopes()[scopedName.last()] as IStatement?
-                }
-            }
-            return null
-        } else {
-            // unqualified name, find the scope the localContext is in, look in that first
-            var statementScope = localContext
-            while(statementScope !is ParentSentinel) {
-                val localScope = statementScope.definingScope()
-                val result = localScope.getLabelOrVariable(scopedName[0])
-                if (result != null)
-                    return result
-                val subscope = localScope.subScopes()[scopedName[0]] as IStatement?
-                if (subscope != null)
-                    return subscope
-                // not found in this scope, look one higher up
-                statementScope = statementScope.parent
-            }
-            return null
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun containsCodeOrVars() = statements.any { it !is Directive || it.directive == "%asminclude" || it.directive == "%asm"}
-    fun containsNoCodeNorVars() = !containsCodeOrVars()
-
-    fun remove(stmt: IStatement) {
-        if(!statements.remove(stmt))
-            throw FatalAstException("stmt to remove wasn't found in scope")
-    }
-}
-
-interface IExpression: Node {
-    fun constValue(program: Program): LiteralValue?
-    fun accept(visitor: IAstModifyingVisitor): IExpression
-    fun accept(visitor: IAstVisitor)
-    fun referencesIdentifiers(vararg name: String): Boolean
-    fun inferType(program: Program): DataType?
-
-    infix fun isSameAs(other: IExpression): Boolean {
-        if(this===other)
-            return true
-        when(this) {
-            is RegisterExpr ->
-                return (other is RegisterExpr && other.register==register)
-            is IdentifierReference ->
-                return (other is IdentifierReference && other.nameInSource==nameInSource)
-            is PrefixExpression ->
-                return (other is PrefixExpression && other.operator==operator && other.expression isSameAs expression)
-            is BinaryExpression ->
-                return (other is BinaryExpression && other.operator==operator
-                        && other.left isSameAs left
-                        && other.right isSameAs right)
-            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
-                return (other is ArrayIndexedExpression && other.identifier.nameInSource == identifier.nameInSource
-                        && other.arrayspec.index isSameAs arrayspec.index)
-            }
-            is LiteralValue -> return (other is LiteralValue && other==this)
-        }
-        return false
-    }
-}

compiler/src/prog8/ast/antlr/Antr2Kotlin.kt

@@ -3,16 +3,16 @@ package prog8.ast.antlr
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.IntStream
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.ParserRuleContext
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.TerminalNode
-import prog8.ast.*
+import prog8.ast.Module
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
+import prog8.parser.CustomLexer
+import prog8.parser.prog8Parser
 import java.io.CharConversionException
 import java.io.File
 import java.nio.file.Path
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.Petscii
-import prog8.parser.CustomLexer
-import prog8.parser.prog8Parser
 
 
 /***************** Antlr Extension methods to create AST ****************/
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ private fun ParserRuleContext.toPosition() : Position {
 }
 
 
-private fun prog8Parser.ModulestatementContext.toAst(isInLibrary: Boolean) : IStatement {
+private fun prog8Parser.ModulestatementContext.toAst(isInLibrary: Boolean) : Statement {
     val directive = directive()?.toAst()
     if(directive!=null) return directive
 
@@ -50,15 +50,15 @@ private fun prog8Parser.ModulestatementContext.toAst(isInLibrary: Boolean) : ISt
 }
 
 
-private fun prog8Parser.BlockContext.toAst(isInLibrary: Boolean) : IStatement =
+private fun prog8Parser.BlockContext.toAst(isInLibrary: Boolean) : Statement =
         Block(identifier().text, integerliteral()?.toAst()?.number?.toInt(), statement_block().toAst(), isInLibrary, toPosition())
 
 
-private fun prog8Parser.Statement_blockContext.toAst(): MutableList<IStatement> =
+private fun prog8Parser.Statement_blockContext.toAst(): MutableList<Statement> =
         statement().asSequence().map { it.toAst() }.toMutableList()
 
 
-private fun prog8Parser.StatementContext.toAst() : IStatement {
+private fun prog8Parser.StatementContext.toAst() : Statement {
     vardecl()?.let { return it.toAst() }
 
     varinitializer()?.let {
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ private fun prog8Parser.StatementContext.toAst() : IStatement {
                 if(vd.ZEROPAGE() != null) ZeropageWish.PREFER_ZEROPAGE else ZeropageWish.DONTCARE,
                 vd.arrayindex()?.toAst(),
                 vd.varname.text,
-                vd.structname?.text,
+                null,
                 it.expression().toAst(),
                 vd.ARRAYSIG() != null || vd.arrayindex() != null,
                 false,
@@ -77,6 +77,37 @@ private fun prog8Parser.StatementContext.toAst() : IStatement {
         )
     }
 
+    structvarinitializer()?.let {
+        val vd = it.structvardecl()
+        return VarDecl(
+                VarDeclType.VAR,
+                DataType.STRUCT,
+                ZeropageWish.NOT_IN_ZEROPAGE,
+                null,
+                vd.varname.text,
+                vd.structname.text,
+                it.expression().toAst(),
+                isArray = false,
+                autogeneratedDontRemove = false,
+                position = it.toPosition()
+        )
+    }
+
+    structvardecl()?.let {
+        return VarDecl(
+                VarDeclType.VAR,
+                DataType.STRUCT,
+                ZeropageWish.NOT_IN_ZEROPAGE,
+                null,
+                it.varname.text,
+                it.structname.text,
+                null,
+                isArray = false,
+                autogeneratedDontRemove = false,
+                position = it.toPosition()
+        )
+    }
+
     constdecl()?.let {
         val cvarinit = it.varinitializer()
         val vd = cvarinit.vardecl()
@@ -86,7 +117,7 @@ private fun prog8Parser.StatementContext.toAst() : IStatement {
                 if(vd.ZEROPAGE() != null) ZeropageWish.PREFER_ZEROPAGE else ZeropageWish.DONTCARE,
                 vd.arrayindex()?.toAst(),
                 vd.varname.text,
-                vd.structname?.text,
+                null,
                 cvarinit.expression().toAst(),
                 vd.ARRAYSIG() != null || vd.arrayindex() != null,
                 false,
@@ -103,7 +134,7 @@ private fun prog8Parser.StatementContext.toAst() : IStatement {
                 if(vd.ZEROPAGE() != null) ZeropageWish.PREFER_ZEROPAGE else ZeropageWish.DONTCARE,
                 vd.arrayindex()?.toAst(),
                 vd.varname.text,
-                vd.structname?.text,
+                null,
                 mvarinit.expression().toAst(),
                 vd.ARRAYSIG() != null || vd.arrayindex() != null,
                 false,
@@ -183,7 +214,7 @@ private fun prog8Parser.StatementContext.toAst() : IStatement {
     throw FatalAstException("unprocessed source text (are we missing ast conversion rules for parser elements?): $text")
 }
 
-private fun prog8Parser.AsmsubroutineContext.toAst(): IStatement {
+private fun prog8Parser.AsmsubroutineContext.toAst(): Statement {
     val name = identifier().text
     val address = asmsub_address()?.address?.toAst()?.number?.toInt()
     val params = asmsub_params()?.toAst() ?: emptyList()
@@ -232,12 +263,13 @@ private fun prog8Parser.Asmsub_paramsContext.toAst(): List<AsmSubroutineParamete
 private fun prog8Parser.StatusregisterContext.toAst() = Statusflag.valueOf(text)
 
 
-private fun prog8Parser.Functioncall_stmtContext.toAst(): IStatement {
+private fun prog8Parser.Functioncall_stmtContext.toAst(): Statement {
+    val void = this.VOID() != null
     val location = scoped_identifier().toAst()
     return if(expression_list() == null)
-        FunctionCallStatement(location, mutableListOf(), toPosition())
+        FunctionCallStatement(location, mutableListOf(), void, toPosition())
     else
-        FunctionCallStatement(location, expression_list().toAst().toMutableList(), toPosition())
+        FunctionCallStatement(location, expression_list().toAst().toMutableList(), void, toPosition())
 }
 
 
@@ -265,7 +297,7 @@ private fun prog8Parser.UnconditionaljumpContext.toAst(): Jump {
 }
 
 
-private fun prog8Parser.LabeldefContext.toAst(): IStatement =
+private fun prog8Parser.LabeldefContext.toAst(): Statement =
         Label(children[0].text, toPosition())
 
 
@@ -378,39 +410,44 @@ private fun prog8Parser.IntegerliteralContext.toAst(): NumericLiteral {
 }
 
 
-private fun prog8Parser.ExpressionContext.toAst() : IExpression {
+private fun prog8Parser.ExpressionContext.toAst() : Expression {
 
     val litval = literalvalue()
     if(litval!=null) {
         val booleanlit = litval.booleanliteral()?.toAst()
         return if(booleanlit!=null) {
-            LiteralValue.fromBoolean(booleanlit, litval.toPosition())
+            NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(booleanlit, litval.toPosition())
         }
         else {
             val intLit = litval.integerliteral()?.toAst()
             when {
                 intLit!=null -> when(intLit.datatype) {
-                    DataType.UBYTE -> LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, bytevalue = intLit.number.toShort(), position = litval.toPosition())
-                    DataType.BYTE -> LiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, bytevalue = intLit.number.toShort(), position = litval.toPosition())
-                    DataType.UWORD -> LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = intLit.number.toInt(), position = litval.toPosition())
-                    DataType.WORD -> LiteralValue(DataType.WORD, wordvalue = intLit.number.toInt(), position = litval.toPosition())
-                    DataType.FLOAT -> LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = intLit.number.toDouble(), position = litval.toPosition())
+                    DataType.UBYTE -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, intLit.number.toShort(), litval.toPosition())
+                    DataType.BYTE -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, intLit.number.toShort(), litval.toPosition())
+                    DataType.UWORD -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, intLit.number.toInt(), litval.toPosition())
+                    DataType.WORD -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.WORD, intLit.number.toInt(), litval.toPosition())
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, intLit.number.toDouble(), litval.toPosition())
                     else -> throw FatalAstException("invalid datatype for numeric literal")
                 }
-                litval.floatliteral()!=null -> LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = litval.floatliteral().toAst(), position = litval.toPosition())
-                litval.stringliteral()!=null -> LiteralValue(DataType.STR, strvalue = unescape(litval.stringliteral().text, litval.toPosition()), position = litval.toPosition())
+                litval.floatliteral()!=null -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, litval.floatliteral().toAst(), litval.toPosition())
+                litval.stringliteral()!=null -> StringLiteralValue(unescape(litval.stringliteral().text, litval.toPosition()), litval.toPosition())
                 litval.charliteral()!=null -> {
                     try {
-                        LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, bytevalue = Petscii.encodePetscii(unescape(litval.charliteral().text, litval.toPosition()), true)[0], position = litval.toPosition())
+                        NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, CompilationTarget.encodeString(
+                                unescape(litval.charliteral().text, litval.toPosition()))[0], litval.toPosition())
                     } catch (ce: CharConversionException) {
                         throw SyntaxError(ce.message ?: ce.toString(), litval.toPosition())
                     }
                 }
                 litval.arrayliteral()!=null -> {
-                    val array = litval.arrayliteral()?.toAst()
+                    val array = litval.arrayliteral().toAst()
                     // the actual type of the arraysize can not yet be determined here (missing namespace & heap)
-                    // the ConstantFolder takes care of that and converts the type if needed.
-                    LiteralValue(DataType.ARRAY_UB, arrayvalue = array, position = litval.toPosition())
+                    // the ConstantFold takes care of that and converts the type if needed.
+                    ArrayLiteralValue(DataType.ARRAY_UB, array, position = litval.toPosition())
+                }
+                litval.structliteral()!=null -> {
+                    val values = litval.structliteral().expression().map { it.toAst() }
+                    StructLiteralValue(values, litval.toPosition())
                 }
                 else -> throw FatalAstException("invalid parsed literal")
             }
@@ -433,7 +470,7 @@ private fun prog8Parser.ExpressionContext.toAst() : IExpression {
     if(funcall!=null) return funcall
 
     if (rangefrom!=null && rangeto!=null) {
-        val step = rangestep?.toAst() ?: LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 1, position = toPosition())
+        val step = rangestep?.toAst() ?: NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 1, toPosition())
         return RangeExpr(rangefrom.toAst(), rangeto.toAst(), step, toPosition())
     }
 
@@ -484,10 +521,9 @@ private fun prog8Parser.BooleanliteralContext.toAst() = when(text) {
 }
 
 
-private fun prog8Parser.ArrayliteralContext.toAst() : Array<IExpression> =
+private fun prog8Parser.ArrayliteralContext.toAst() : Array<Expression> =
         expression().map { it.toAst() }.toTypedArray()
 
-
 private fun prog8Parser.If_stmtContext.toAst(): IfStatement {
     val condition = expression().toAst()
     val trueStatements = statement_block()?.toAst() ?: mutableListOf(statement().toAst())
@@ -498,7 +534,7 @@ private fun prog8Parser.If_stmtContext.toAst(): IfStatement {
     return IfStatement(condition, trueScope, elseScope, toPosition())
 }
 
-private fun prog8Parser.Else_partContext.toAst(): MutableList<IStatement> {
+private fun prog8Parser.Else_partContext.toAst(): MutableList<Statement> {
     return statement_block()?.toAst() ?: mutableListOf(statement().toAst())
 }
 
@@ -518,8 +554,6 @@ private fun prog8Parser.BranchconditionContext.toAst() = BranchCondition.valueOf
 
 private fun prog8Parser.ForloopContext.toAst(): ForLoop {
     val loopregister = register()?.toAst()
-    val datatype = datatype()?.toAst()
-    val zeropage = if(ZEROPAGE() != null) ZeropageWish.PREFER_ZEROPAGE else ZeropageWish.DONTCARE
     val loopvar = identifier()?.toAst()
     val iterable = expression()!!.toAst()
     val scope =
@@ -527,7 +561,7 @@ private fun prog8Parser.ForloopContext.toAst(): ForLoop {
                 AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(statement().toAst()), statement().toPosition())
             else
                 AnonymousScope(statement_block().toAst(), statement_block().toPosition())
-    return ForLoop(loopregister, datatype, zeropage, loopvar, iterable, scope, toPosition())
+    return ForLoop(loopregister, loopvar, iterable, scope, toPosition())
 }
 
 
@@ -562,10 +596,10 @@ private fun prog8Parser.WhenstmtContext.toAst(): WhenStatement {
 private fun prog8Parser.When_choiceContext.toAst(): WhenChoice {
     val values = expression_list()?.toAst()
     val stmt = statement()?.toAst()
-    val stmt_block = statement_block()?.toAst()?.toMutableList() ?: mutableListOf()
+    val stmtBlock = statement_block()?.toAst()?.toMutableList() ?: mutableListOf()
     if(stmt!=null)
-        stmt_block.add(stmt)
-    val scope = AnonymousScope(stmt_block, toPosition())
+        stmtBlock.add(stmt)
+    val scope = AnonymousScope(stmtBlock, toPosition())
     return WhenChoice(values, scope, toPosition())
 }
 
@@ -576,7 +610,7 @@ private fun prog8Parser.VardeclContext.toAst(): VarDecl {
             if(ZEROPAGE() != null) ZeropageWish.PREFER_ZEROPAGE else ZeropageWish.DONTCARE,
             arrayindex()?.toAst(),
             varname.text,
-            structname?.text,
+            null,
             null,
             ARRAYSIG() != null || arrayindex() != null,
             false,

compiler/src/prog8/ast/base/Base.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package prog8.ast.base
 
 import prog8.ast.Node
+import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
+
 
 /**************************** AST Data classes ****************************/
 
@@ -11,7 +13,6 @@ enum class DataType {
     WORD,               // pass by value
     FLOAT,              // pass by value
     STR,                // pass by reference
-    STR_S,              // pass by reference
     ARRAY_UB,           // pass by reference
     ARRAY_B,            // pass by reference
     ARRAY_UW,           // pass by reference
@@ -25,13 +26,12 @@ enum class DataType {
     infix fun isAssignableTo(targetType: DataType) =
             // what types are assignable to others without loss of precision?
             when(this) {
-                UBYTE -> targetType in setOf(UBYTE, UWORD, WORD, FLOAT)
-                BYTE -> targetType in setOf(BYTE, UBYTE, UWORD, WORD, FLOAT)
+                UBYTE -> targetType in setOf(UBYTE, WORD, UWORD, FLOAT)
+                BYTE -> targetType in setOf(BYTE, WORD, FLOAT)
                 UWORD -> targetType in setOf(UWORD, FLOAT)
-                WORD -> targetType in setOf(WORD, UWORD, FLOAT)
+                WORD -> targetType in setOf(WORD, FLOAT)
                 FLOAT -> targetType == FLOAT
-                STR -> targetType == STR || targetType==STR_S
-                STR_S -> targetType == STR || targetType==STR_S
+                STR -> targetType == STR
                 in ArrayDatatypes -> targetType == this
                 else -> false
             }
@@ -52,6 +52,16 @@ enum class DataType {
                 in WordDatatypes -> other in WordDatatypes
                 else -> false
             }
+
+    fun memorySize(): Int {
+        return when(this) {
+            in ByteDatatypes -> 1
+            in WordDatatypes -> 2
+            FLOAT -> CompilationTarget.machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
+            in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> 2
+            else -> -9999999
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 enum class Register {
@@ -101,16 +111,16 @@ val ByteDatatypes = setOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE)
 val WordDatatypes = setOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD)
 val IntegerDatatypes = setOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE, DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD)
 val NumericDatatypes = setOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE, DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD, DataType.FLOAT)
-val StringDatatypes = setOf(DataType.STR, DataType.STR_S)
 val ArrayDatatypes = setOf(DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W, DataType.ARRAY_F)
 val IterableDatatypes = setOf(
-        DataType.STR, DataType.STR_S,
+        DataType.STR,
         DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B,
         DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W,
         DataType.ARRAY_F)
 val PassByValueDatatypes = NumericDatatypes
 val PassByReferenceDatatypes = IterableDatatypes.plus(DataType.STRUCT)
 val ArrayElementTypes = mapOf(
+        DataType.STR to DataType.UBYTE,
         DataType.ARRAY_B to DataType.BYTE,
         DataType.ARRAY_UB to DataType.UBYTE,
         DataType.ARRAY_W to DataType.WORD,

compiler/src/prog8/ast/base/ErrorReporting.kt

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import prog8.parser.ParsingFailedError
 
 fun printErrors(errors: List<Any>, moduleName: String) {
     val reportedMessages = mutableSetOf<String>()
-    print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
+    System.err.print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
     errors.forEach {
         val msg = it.toString()
         if(msg !in reportedMessages) {
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ fun printErrors(errors: List<Any>, moduleName: String) {
             reportedMessages.add(msg)
         }
     }
-    print("\u001b[0m")  // reset color
+    System.err.print("\u001b[0m")  // reset color
     if(reportedMessages.isNotEmpty())
         throw ParsingFailedError("There are ${reportedMessages.size} errors in module '$moduleName'.")
 }

compiler/src/prog8/ast/base/Errors.kt

@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ class SyntaxError(override var message: String, val position: Position) : AstExc
     override fun toString() = "$position Syntax error: $message"
 }
 
-class NameError(override var message: String, val position: Position) : AstException(message) {
+open class NameError(override var message: String, val position: Position) : AstException(message) {
     override fun toString() = "$position Name error: $message"
 }
 
-open class ExpressionError(message: String, val position: Position) : AstException(message) {
+class ExpressionError(message: String, val position: Position) : AstException(message) {
     override fun toString() = "$position Error: $message"
 }
 
 class UndefinedSymbolError(symbol: IdentifierReference)
-    : ExpressionError("undefined symbol: ${symbol.nameInSource.joinToString(".")}", symbol.position)
+    : NameError("undefined symbol: ${symbol.nameInSource.joinToString(".")}", symbol.position)

compiler/src/prog8/ast/base/Extensions.kt

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 package prog8.ast.base
 
-import prog8.ast.*
-import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
+import prog8.ast.Module
+import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.processing.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.Assignment
-import prog8.ast.statements.ForLoop
 import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
 import prog8.optimizer.FlattenAnonymousScopesAndRemoveNops
 
@@ -13,10 +11,6 @@ import prog8.optimizer.FlattenAnonymousScopesAndRemoveNops
 internal const val initvarsSubName="prog8_init_vars"
 
 
-// prefix for literal values that are turned into a variable on the heap
-internal const val autoHeapValuePrefix = "auto_heap_value_"
-
-
 internal fun Program.removeNopsFlattenAnonScopes() {
     val flattener = FlattenAnonymousScopesAndRemoveNops()
     flattener.visit(this)
@@ -30,14 +24,26 @@ internal fun Program.checkValid(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
 }
 
 
+internal fun Program.anonscopeVarsCleanup() {
+    val mover = AnonymousScopeVarsCleanup(this)
+    mover.visit(this)
+    printErrors(mover.result(), name)
+}
+
+
 internal fun Program.reorderStatements() {
-    val initvalueCreator = VarInitValueAndAddressOfCreator(namespace)
+    val initvalueCreator = VarInitValueAndAddressOfCreator(this)
     initvalueCreator.visit(this)
 
     val checker = StatementReorderer(this)
     checker.visit(this)
 }
 
+internal fun Program.addTypecasts() {
+    val caster = TypecastsAdder(this)
+    caster.visit(this)
+}
+
 internal fun Module.checkImportedValid() {
     val checker = ImportedModuleDirectiveRemover()
     checker.visit(this)
@@ -52,41 +58,12 @@ internal fun Program.checkRecursion() {
 
 
 internal fun Program.checkIdentifiers() {
-    val checker = AstIdentifiersChecker(namespace)
+    val checker = AstIdentifiersChecker(this)
     checker.visit(this)
 
     if(modules.map {it.name}.toSet().size != modules.size) {
         throw FatalAstException("modules should all be unique")
     }
 
-    // add any anonymous variables for heap values that are used,
-    // and replace an iterable literalvalue by identifierref to new local variable
-    // TODO: this is't doing anything anymore?
-    for (variable in checker.anonymousVariablesFromHeap.values) {
-        val scope = variable.first.definingScope()
-        scope.statements.add(variable.second)
-        val parent = variable.first.parent
-        when {
-            parent is Assignment && parent.value === variable.first -> {
-                val idref = IdentifierReference(listOf("$autoHeapValuePrefix${variable.first.heapId}"), variable.first.position)
-                idref.linkParents(parent)
-                parent.value = idref
-            }
-            parent is IFunctionCall -> {
-                val parameterPos = parent.arglist.indexOf(variable.first)
-                val idref = IdentifierReference(listOf("$autoHeapValuePrefix${variable.first.heapId}"), variable.first.position)
-                idref.linkParents(parent)
-                parent.arglist[parameterPos] = idref
-            }
-            parent is ForLoop -> {
-                val idref = IdentifierReference(listOf("$autoHeapValuePrefix${variable.first.heapId}"), variable.first.position)
-                idref.linkParents(parent)
-                parent.iterable = idref
-            }
-            else -> TODO("replace literalvalue by identifierref: $variable  (in $parent)")
-        }
-        variable.second.linkParents(scope as Node)
-    }
-
     printErrors(checker.result(), name)
 }

compiler/src/prog8/ast/expressions/InferredTypes.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package prog8.ast.expressions
+
+import java.util.Objects
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+
+
+object InferredTypes {
+    class InferredType private constructor(val isUnknown: Boolean, val isVoid: Boolean, private var datatype: DataType?) {
+        init {
+            require(!(datatype!=null && (isUnknown || isVoid))) { "invalid combination of args" }
+        }
+
+        val isKnown = datatype!=null
+        fun typeOrElse(alternative: DataType) = if(isUnknown || isVoid) alternative else datatype!!
+        infix fun istype(type: DataType): Boolean = if(isUnknown || isVoid) false else this.datatype==type
+
+        companion object {
+            fun unknown() = InferredType(isUnknown = true, isVoid = false, datatype = null)
+            fun void() = InferredType(isUnknown = false, isVoid = true, datatype = null)
+            fun known(type: DataType) = InferredType(isUnknown = false, isVoid = false, datatype = type)
+        }
+
+        override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
+            if(other !is InferredType)
+                return false
+            return isVoid==other.isVoid && datatype==other.datatype
+        }
+
+        override fun toString(): String {
+            return when {
+                datatype!=null -> datatype.toString()
+                isVoid -> "<void>"
+                else -> "<unknown>"
+            }
+        }
+
+        override fun hashCode(): Int = Objects.hash(isVoid, datatype)
+    }
+
+    private val unknownInstance = InferredType.unknown()
+    private val voidInstance = InferredType.void()
+    private val knownInstances = mapOf(
+            DataType.UBYTE to InferredType.known(DataType.UBYTE),
+            DataType.BYTE to InferredType.known(DataType.BYTE),
+            DataType.UWORD to InferredType.known(DataType.UWORD),
+            DataType.WORD to InferredType.known(DataType.WORD),
+            DataType.FLOAT to InferredType.known(DataType.FLOAT),
+            DataType.STR to InferredType.known(DataType.STR),
+            DataType.ARRAY_UB to InferredType.known(DataType.ARRAY_UB),
+            DataType.ARRAY_B to InferredType.known(DataType.ARRAY_B),
+            DataType.ARRAY_UW to InferredType.known(DataType.ARRAY_UW),
+            DataType.ARRAY_W to InferredType.known(DataType.ARRAY_W),
+            DataType.ARRAY_F to InferredType.known(DataType.ARRAY_F),
+            DataType.STRUCT to InferredType.known(DataType.STRUCT)
+    )
+
+    fun void() = voidInstance
+    fun unknown() = unknownInstance
+    fun knownFor(type: DataType) = knownInstances.getValue(type)
+}

compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/AnonymousScopeVarsCleanup.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package prog8.ast.processing
+
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.AstException
+import prog8.ast.base.NameError
+import prog8.ast.statements.AnonymousScope
+import prog8.ast.statements.Statement
+import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
+
+class AnonymousScopeVarsCleanup(val program: Program): IAstModifyingVisitor {
+    private val checkResult: MutableList<AstException> = mutableListOf()
+    private val varsToMove: MutableMap<AnonymousScope, List<VarDecl>> = mutableMapOf()
+
+    fun result(): List<AstException> {
+        return checkResult
+    }
+
+    override fun visit(program: Program) {
+        varsToMove.clear()
+        super.visit(program)
+        for((scope, decls) in varsToMove) {
+            val sub = scope.definingSubroutine()!!
+            val existingVariables = sub.statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>().associateBy { it.name }
+            var conflicts = false
+            decls.forEach {
+                val existing = existingVariables[it.name]
+                if (existing!=null) {
+                    checkResult.add(NameError("variable ${it.name} already defined in subroutine ${sub.name} at ${existing.position}", it.position))
+                    conflicts = true
+                }
+            }
+            if (!conflicts) {
+                decls.forEach { scope.remove(it) }
+                sub.statements.addAll(0, decls)
+                decls.forEach { it.parent = sub }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun visit(scope: AnonymousScope): Statement {
+        val scope2 = super.visit(scope) as AnonymousScope
+        val vardecls = scope2.statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>()
+        varsToMove[scope2] = vardecls
+        return scope2
+    }
+}
+

compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/AstIdentifiersChecker.kt

@@ -1,33 +1,43 @@
 package prog8.ast.processing
 
-import prog8.ast.*
+import prog8.ast.INameScope
+import prog8.ast.Module
+import prog8.ast.Node
+import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.base.autoHeapValuePrefix
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
 import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
 
 
-internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val namespace: INameScope) : IAstModifyingVisitor {
+internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val program: Program) : IAstModifyingVisitor {
+
     private val checkResult: MutableList<AstException> = mutableListOf()
 
     private var blocks = mutableMapOf<String, Block>()
-    internal val anonymousVariablesFromHeap = mutableMapOf<String, Pair<LiteralValue, VarDecl>>()
+    private val vardeclsToAdd = mutableMapOf<INameScope, MutableList<VarDecl>>()
 
     internal fun result(): List<AstException> {
         return checkResult
     }
 
-    private fun nameError(name: String, position: Position, existing: IStatement) {
+    private fun nameError(name: String, position: Position, existing: Statement) {
         checkResult.add(NameError("name conflict '$name', also defined in ${existing.position.file} line ${existing.position.line}", position))
     }
 
     override fun visit(module: Module) {
+        vardeclsToAdd.clear()
         blocks.clear()  // blocks may be redefined within a different module
         super.visit(module)
+        // add any new vardecls to the various scopes
+        for((where, decls) in vardeclsToAdd) {
+            where.statements.addAll(0, decls)
+            decls.forEach { it.linkParents(where as Node) }
+        }
     }
 
-    override fun visit(block: Block): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(block: Block): Statement {
         val existing = blocks[block.name]
         if(existing!=null)
             nameError(block.name, block.position, existing)
@@ -37,17 +47,17 @@ internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val namespace: INameScope) : IAstMo
         return super.visit(block)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(functionCall: FunctionCall): IExpression {
+    override fun visit(functionCall: FunctionCall): Expression {
         if(functionCall.target.nameInSource.size==1 && functionCall.target.nameInSource[0]=="lsb") {
             // lsb(...) is just an alias for type cast to ubyte, so replace with "... as ubyte"
-            val typecast = TypecastExpression(functionCall.arglist.single(), DataType.UBYTE, false, functionCall.position)
+            val typecast = TypecastExpression(functionCall.args.single(), DataType.UBYTE, false, functionCall.position)
             typecast.linkParents(functionCall.parent)
             return super.visit(typecast)
         }
         return super.visit(functionCall)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(decl: VarDecl): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(decl: VarDecl): Statement {
         // first, check if there are datatype errors on the vardecl
         decl.datatypeErrors.forEach { checkResult.add(it) }
 
@@ -56,14 +66,27 @@ internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val namespace: INameScope) : IAstMo
             // the builtin functions can't be redefined
             checkResult.add(NameError("builtin function cannot be redefined", decl.position))
 
+        if(decl.name in CompilationTarget.machine.opcodeNames)
+            checkResult.add(NameError("can't use a cpu opcode name as a symbol: '${decl.name}'", decl.position))
+
         // is it a struct variable? then define all its struct members as mangled names,
         //    and include the original decl as well.
         if(decl.datatype==DataType.STRUCT) {
             if(decl.structHasBeenFlattened)
-                return decl    // don't do this multiple times
+                return super.visit(decl)    // don't do this multiple times
+
+            if(decl.struct==null) {
+                checkResult.add(NameError("undefined struct type", decl.position))
+                return super.visit(decl)
+            }
 
             if(decl.struct!!.statements.any { (it as VarDecl).datatype !in NumericDatatypes})
-                return decl     // a non-numeric member, not supported. proper error is given by AstChecker later
+                return super.visit(decl)     // a non-numeric member, not supported. proper error is given by AstChecker later
+
+            if(decl.value is NumericLiteralValue) {
+                checkResult.add(ExpressionError("you cannot initialize a struct using a single value", decl.position))
+                return super.visit(decl)
+            }
 
             val decls = decl.flattenStructMembers()
             decls.add(decl)
@@ -72,25 +95,36 @@ internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val namespace: INameScope) : IAstMo
             return result
         }
 
-        val existing = namespace.lookup(listOf(decl.name), decl)
+        val existing = program.namespace.lookup(listOf(decl.name), decl)
         if (existing != null && existing !== decl)
             nameError(decl.name, decl.position, existing)
 
         return super.visit(decl)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(subroutine: Subroutine): IStatement {
-        if(subroutine.name in BuiltinFunctions) {
+    override fun visit(subroutine: Subroutine): Statement {
+        if(subroutine.name in CompilationTarget.machine.opcodeNames) {
+            checkResult.add(NameError("can't use a cpu opcode name as a symbol: '${subroutine.name}'", subroutine.position))
+        } else if(subroutine.name in BuiltinFunctions) {
             // the builtin functions can't be redefined
             checkResult.add(NameError("builtin function cannot be redefined", subroutine.position))
         } else {
-            if (subroutine.parameters.any { it.name in BuiltinFunctions })
-                checkResult.add(NameError("builtin function name cannot be used as parameter", subroutine.position))
+            // already reported elsewhere:
+            // if (subroutine.parameters.any { it.name in BuiltinFunctions })
+            //    checkResult.add(NameError("builtin function name cannot be used as parameter", subroutine.position))
 
-            val existing = namespace.lookup(listOf(subroutine.name), subroutine)
+            val existing = program.namespace.lookup(listOf(subroutine.name), subroutine)
             if (existing != null && existing !== subroutine)
                 nameError(subroutine.name, subroutine.position, existing)
 
+            // does the parameter redefine a variable declared elsewhere?
+            for(param in subroutine.parameters) {
+                val existingVar = subroutine.lookup(listOf(param.name), subroutine)
+                if (existingVar != null && existingVar.parent !== subroutine) {
+                    nameError(param.name, param.position, existingVar)
+                }
+            }
+
             // check that there are no local variables, labels, or other subs that redefine the subroutine's parameters
             val symbolsInSub = subroutine.allDefinedSymbols()
             val namesInSub = symbolsInSub.map{ it.first }.toSet()
@@ -109,69 +143,64 @@ internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val namespace: INameScope) : IAstMo
             // NOTE:
             // - numeric types BYTE and WORD and FLOAT are passed by value;
             // - strings, arrays, matrices are passed by reference (their 16-bit address is passed as an uword parameter)
-            // - do NOT do this is the statement can be transformed into an asm subroutine later!
-            if(subroutine.asmAddress==null && !subroutine.canBeAsmSubroutine) {
+            if(subroutine.asmAddress==null) {
                 if(subroutine.asmParameterRegisters.isEmpty()) {
                     subroutine.parameters
                             .filter { it.name !in namesInSub }
                             .forEach {
-                                val vardecl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, it.type, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, it.name, null, null,
-                                        isArray = false, hiddenButDoNotRemove = true, position = subroutine.position)
+                                val vardecl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, it.type, ZeropageWish.NOT_IN_ZEROPAGE, null, it.name, null, null,
+                                        isArray = false, autogeneratedDontRemove = true, position = subroutine.position)
                                 vardecl.linkParents(subroutine)
                                 subroutine.statements.add(0, vardecl)
                             }
                 }
             }
+
+            if(subroutine.isAsmSubroutine && subroutine.statements.any{it !is InlineAssembly}) {
+                checkResult.add(SyntaxError("asmsub can only contain inline assembly (%asm)", subroutine.position))
+            }
         }
         return super.visit(subroutine)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(label: Label): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(label: Label): Statement {
+        if(label.name in CompilationTarget.machine.opcodeNames)
+            checkResult.add(NameError("can't use a cpu opcode name as a symbol: '${label.name}'", label.position))
+
         if(label.name in BuiltinFunctions) {
             // the builtin functions can't be redefined
             checkResult.add(NameError("builtin function cannot be redefined", label.position))
         } else {
-            val existing = namespace.lookup(listOf(label.name), label)
+            val existing = program.namespace.lookup(listOf(label.name), label)
             if (existing != null && existing !== label)
                 nameError(label.name, label.position, existing)
         }
         return super.visit(label)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(forLoop: ForLoop): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(forLoop: ForLoop): Statement {
         // If the for loop has a decltype, it means to declare the loopvar inside the loop body
         // rather than reusing an already declared loopvar from an outer scope.
         // For loops that loop over an interable variable (instead of a range of numbers) get an
         // additional interation count variable in their scope.
         if(forLoop.loopRegister!=null) {
-            if(forLoop.decltype!=null)
-                checkResult.add(SyntaxError("register loop variables have a fixed implicit datatype", forLoop.position))
             if(forLoop.loopRegister == Register.X)
                 printWarning("writing to the X register is dangerous, because it's used as an internal pointer", forLoop.position)
-        } else if(forLoop.loopVar!=null) {
-            val varName = forLoop.loopVar.nameInSource.last()
-            if(forLoop.decltype!=null) {
-                val existing = if(forLoop.body.containsNoCodeNorVars()) null else forLoop.body.lookup(forLoop.loopVar.nameInSource, forLoop.body.statements.first())
-                if(existing==null) {
-                    // create the local scoped for loop variable itself
-                    val vardecl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, forLoop.decltype, forLoop.zeropage, null, varName, null, null,
-                            isArray = false, hiddenButDoNotRemove = true, position = forLoop.loopVar.position)
-                    vardecl.linkParents(forLoop.body)
-                    forLoop.body.statements.add(0, vardecl)
-                    forLoop.loopVar.parent = forLoop.body   // loopvar 'is defined in the body'
-                }
-
-            }
-
+        } else {
+            val loopVar = forLoop.loopVar
+            if (loopVar != null) {
+                val validName = forLoop.body.name.replace("<", "").replace(">", "").replace("-", "")
+                val loopvarName = "prog8_loopvar_$validName"
                 if (forLoop.iterable !is RangeExpr) {
-                val existing = if(forLoop.body.containsNoCodeNorVars()) null else forLoop.body.lookup(listOf(ForLoop.iteratorLoopcounterVarname), forLoop.body.statements.first())
+                    val existing = if (forLoop.body.containsNoCodeNorVars()) null else forLoop.body.lookup(listOf(loopvarName), forLoop.body.statements.first())
                     if (existing == null) {
                         // create loop iteration counter variable (without value, to avoid an assignment)
-                    val vardecl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.PREFER_ZEROPAGE, null, ForLoop.iteratorLoopcounterVarname, null, null,
-                            isArray = false, hiddenButDoNotRemove = true, position = forLoop.loopVar.position)
+                        val vardecl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.PREFER_ZEROPAGE, null, loopvarName, null, null,
+                                isArray = false, autogeneratedDontRemove = true, position = loopVar.position)
                         vardecl.linkParents(forLoop.body)
                         forLoop.body.statements.add(0, vardecl)
-                    forLoop.loopVar.parent = forLoop.body   // loopvar 'is defined in the body'
+                        loopVar.parent = forLoop.body   // loopvar 'is defined in the body'
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -184,55 +213,95 @@ internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val namespace: INameScope) : IAstMo
         return super.visit(assignTarget)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(returnStmt: Return): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(returnStmt: Return): Statement {
         if(returnStmt.value!=null) {
             // possibly adjust any literal values returned, into the desired returning data type
             val subroutine = returnStmt.definingSubroutine()!!
             if(subroutine.returntypes.size!=1)
                 return returnStmt  // mismatch in number of return values, error will be printed later.
-            val newValue: IExpression
-            val lval = returnStmt.value as? LiteralValue
-            if(lval!=null) {
-                val adjusted = lval.cast(subroutine.returntypes.single())
-                if(adjusted!=null && adjusted !== lval)
-                    newValue = adjusted
-                else
-                    newValue = lval
-            } else
-                newValue = returnStmt.value!!
-
-            returnStmt.value = newValue
+            val lval = returnStmt.value as? NumericLiteralValue
+            returnStmt.value = lval?.cast(subroutine.returntypes.single()) ?: returnStmt.value!!
         }
         return super.visit(returnStmt)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(literalValue: LiteralValue): LiteralValue {
-        if(literalValue.heapId!=null && literalValue.parent !is VarDecl) {
-            // a literal value that's not declared as a variable, which refers to something on the heap.
-            // we need to introduce an auto-generated variable for this to be able to refer to the value!
-            // (note: ususally, this has been taken care of already when the var was created)
-            val declaredType = if(literalValue.isArray) ArrayElementTypes.getValue(literalValue.type) else literalValue.type
-            val variable = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR,
-                    declaredType,
-                    ZeropageWish.NOT_IN_ZEROPAGE,
-                    null,
-                    "$autoHeapValuePrefix${literalValue.heapId}",
-                    null,
-                    literalValue,
-                    isArray = literalValue.isArray, hiddenButDoNotRemove = true, position = literalValue.position)
-            anonymousVariablesFromHeap[variable.name] = Pair(literalValue, variable)
+    override fun visit(arrayLiteral: ArrayLiteralValue): Expression {
+        val array = super.visit(arrayLiteral)
+        if(array is ArrayLiteralValue) {
+            val vardecl = array.parent as? VarDecl
+            return if(vardecl!=null)
+                fixupArrayEltDatatypesFromVardecl(array, vardecl)
+            else {
+                // fix the datatype of the array (also on the heap) to the 'biggest' datatype in the array
+                // (we don't know the desired datatype here exactly so we guess)
+                val datatype = determineArrayDt(array.value)
+                val litval2 = array.cast(datatype)
+                if(litval2!=null) {
+                    litval2.parent = array.parent
+                    // finally, replace the literal array by a identifier reference.
+                    makeIdentifierFromRefLv(litval2)
+                } else array
             }
-        return super.visit(literalValue)
+        }
+        return array
     }
 
-    override fun visit(addressOf: AddressOf): IExpression {
-        // register the scoped name of the referenced identifier
-        val variable= addressOf.identifier.targetVarDecl(namespace) ?: return addressOf
-        addressOf.scopedname = variable.scopedname
-        return super.visit(addressOf)
+    override fun visit(stringLiteral: StringLiteralValue): Expression {
+        val string = super.visit(stringLiteral)
+        if(string is StringLiteralValue) {
+            val vardecl = string.parent as? VarDecl
+            // intern the string; move it into the heap
+            if (string.value.length !in 1..255)
+                checkResult.add(ExpressionError("string literal length must be between 1 and 255", string.position))
+            return if (vardecl != null)
+                string
+            else
+                makeIdentifierFromRefLv(string)  // replace the literal string by a identifier reference.
+        }
+        return string
     }
 
-    override fun visit(structDecl: StructDecl): IStatement {
+    private fun determineArrayDt(array: Array<Expression>): DataType {
+        val datatypesInArray = array.map { it.inferType(program) }
+        require(datatypesInArray.isNotEmpty() && datatypesInArray.all { it.isKnown }) { "can't determine type of empty array" }
+        val dts = datatypesInArray.map { it.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) }
+        return when {
+            DataType.FLOAT in dts -> DataType.ARRAY_F
+            DataType.WORD in dts -> DataType.ARRAY_W
+            DataType.UWORD in dts -> DataType.ARRAY_UW
+            DataType.BYTE in dts -> DataType.ARRAY_B
+            DataType.UBYTE in dts -> DataType.ARRAY_UB
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("can't determine type of array")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun makeIdentifierFromRefLv(array: ArrayLiteralValue): IdentifierReference {
+        // a referencetype literal value that's not declared as a variable
+        // we need to introduce an auto-generated variable for this to be able to refer to the value
+        // note: if the var references the same literal value, it is not yet de-duplicated here.
+        val scope = array.definingScope()
+        val variable = VarDecl.createAuto(array)
+        return replaceWithIdentifier(variable, scope, array.parent)
+    }
+
+    private fun makeIdentifierFromRefLv(string: StringLiteralValue): IdentifierReference {
+        // a referencetype literal value that's not declared as a variable
+        // we need to introduce an auto-generated variable for this to be able to refer to the value
+        // note: if the var references the same literal value, it is not yet de-duplicated here.
+        val scope = string.definingScope()
+        val variable = VarDecl.createAuto(string)
+        return replaceWithIdentifier(variable, scope, string.parent)
+    }
+
+    private fun replaceWithIdentifier(variable: VarDecl, scope: INameScope, parent: Node): IdentifierReference {
+        val variable1 = addVarDecl(scope, variable)
+        // replace the reference literal by a identifier reference
+        val identifier = IdentifierReference(listOf(variable1.name), variable1.position)
+        identifier.parent = parent
+        return identifier
+    }
+
+    override fun visit(structDecl: StructDecl): Statement {
         for(member in structDecl.statements){
             val decl = member as? VarDecl
             if(decl!=null && decl.datatype !in NumericDatatypes)
@@ -242,4 +311,85 @@ internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val namespace: INameScope) : IAstMo
         return super.visit(structDecl)
     }
 
+    override fun visit(expr: BinaryExpression): Expression {
+        return when {
+            expr.left is StringLiteralValue ->
+                processBinaryExprWithString(expr.left as StringLiteralValue, expr.right, expr)
+            expr.right is StringLiteralValue ->
+                processBinaryExprWithString(expr.right as StringLiteralValue, expr.left, expr)
+            else -> super.visit(expr)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun processBinaryExprWithString(string: StringLiteralValue, operand: Expression, expr: BinaryExpression): Expression {
+        val constvalue = operand.constValue(program)
+        if(constvalue!=null) {
+            if (expr.operator == "*") {
+                // repeat a string a number of times
+                return StringLiteralValue(string.value.repeat(constvalue.number.toInt()), expr.position)
+            }
+        }
+        if(expr.operator == "+" && operand is StringLiteralValue) {
+            // concatenate two strings
+            return StringLiteralValue("${string.value}${operand.value}", expr.position)
+        }
+        return expr
+    }
+
+    private fun addVarDecl(scope: INameScope, variable: VarDecl): VarDecl {
+        if(scope !in vardeclsToAdd)
+            vardeclsToAdd[scope] = mutableListOf()
+        val declList = vardeclsToAdd.getValue(scope)
+        val existing = declList.singleOrNull { it.name==variable.name }
+        return if(existing!=null) {
+            existing
+        } else {
+            declList.add(variable)
+            variable
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+internal fun fixupArrayEltDatatypes(array: ArrayLiteralValue, program: Program): ArrayLiteralValue {
+    val dts = array.value.map {it.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)}.toSet()
+    if(dts.any { it !in NumericDatatypes }) {
+        return array
+    }
+    val dt = when {
+        DataType.FLOAT in dts -> DataType.ARRAY_F
+        DataType.WORD in dts -> DataType.ARRAY_W
+        DataType.UWORD in dts -> DataType.ARRAY_UW
+        DataType.BYTE in dts -> DataType.ARRAY_B
+        else -> DataType.ARRAY_UB
+    }
+    if(dt==array.type)
+        return array
+
+    // convert values and array type
+    val elementType = ArrayElementTypes.getValue(dt)
+    val allNumerics = array.value.all { it is NumericLiteralValue }
+    if(allNumerics) {
+        val values = array.value.map { (it as NumericLiteralValue).cast(elementType) as Expression }.toTypedArray()
+        val array2 = ArrayLiteralValue(dt, values, array.position)
+        array2.linkParents(array.parent)
+        return array2
+    }
+
+    return array
+}
+
+internal fun fixupArrayEltDatatypesFromVardecl(array: ArrayLiteralValue, vardecl: VarDecl): ArrayLiteralValue {
+    val arrayDt = array.type
+    if(arrayDt!=vardecl.datatype) {
+        // fix the datatype of the array (also on the heap) to match the vardecl
+        val cast = array.cast(vardecl.datatype)
+        if (cast != null) {
+            vardecl.value = cast
+            cast.linkParents(vardecl)
+            return cast
+        }
+        // can't be casted yet, attempt again later
+    }
+    return array
 }

compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/AstRecursionChecker.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package prog8.ast.processing
 
-import prog8.ast.*
+import prog8.ast.INameScope
 import prog8.ast.base.AstException
 import prog8.ast.expressions.FunctionCall
 import prog8.ast.statements.FunctionCallStatement

compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/IAstModifyingVisitor.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package prog8.ast.processing
 
-import prog8.ast.*
+import prog8.ast.Module
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 
@@ -10,63 +12,67 @@ interface IAstModifyingVisitor {
     }
 
     fun visit(module: Module) {
-        module.statements = module.statements.asSequence().map { it.accept(this) }.toMutableList()
+        module.statements = module.statements.map { it.accept(this) }.toMutableList()
     }
 
-    fun visit(expr: PrefixExpression): IExpression {
+    fun visit(expr: PrefixExpression): Expression {
         expr.expression = expr.expression.accept(this)
         return expr
     }
 
-    fun visit(expr: BinaryExpression): IExpression {
+    fun visit(expr: BinaryExpression): Expression {
         expr.left = expr.left.accept(this)
         expr.right = expr.right.accept(this)
         return expr
     }
 
-    fun visit(directive: Directive): IStatement {
+    fun visit(directive: Directive): Statement {
         return directive
     }
 
-    fun visit(block: Block): IStatement {
-        block.statements = block.statements.asSequence().map { it.accept(this) }.toMutableList()
+    fun visit(block: Block): Statement {
+        block.statements = block.statements.map { it.accept(this) }.toMutableList()
         return block
     }
 
-    fun visit(decl: VarDecl): IStatement {
+    fun visit(decl: VarDecl): Statement {
         decl.value = decl.value?.accept(this)
         decl.arraysize?.accept(this)
         return decl
     }
 
-    fun visit(subroutine: Subroutine): IStatement {
-        subroutine.statements = subroutine.statements.asSequence().map { it.accept(this) }.toMutableList()
+    fun visit(subroutine: Subroutine): Statement {
+        subroutine.statements = subroutine.statements.map { it.accept(this) }.toMutableList()
         return subroutine
     }
 
-    fun visit(functionCall: FunctionCall): IExpression {
+    fun visit(functionCall: FunctionCall): Expression {
         val newtarget = functionCall.target.accept(this)
         if(newtarget is IdentifierReference)
             functionCall.target = newtarget
-        functionCall.arglist = functionCall.arglist.map { it.accept(this) }.toMutableList()
+        else
+            throw FatalAstException("cannot change class of function call target")
+        functionCall.args = functionCall.args.map { it.accept(this) }.toMutableList()
         return functionCall
     }
 
-    fun visit(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement): IStatement {
+    fun visit(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement): Statement {
         val newtarget = functionCallStatement.target.accept(this)
         if(newtarget is IdentifierReference)
             functionCallStatement.target = newtarget
-        functionCallStatement.arglist = functionCallStatement.arglist.map { it.accept(this) }.toMutableList()
+        else
+            throw FatalAstException("cannot change class of function call target")
+        functionCallStatement.args = functionCallStatement.args.map { it.accept(this) }.toMutableList()
         return functionCallStatement
     }
 
-    fun visit(identifier: IdentifierReference): IExpression {
+    fun visit(identifier: IdentifierReference): Expression {
         // note: this is an identifier that is used in an expression.
         // other identifiers are simply part of the other statements (such as jumps, subroutine defs etc)
         return identifier
     }
 
-    fun visit(jump: Jump): IStatement {
+    fun visit(jump: Jump): Statement {
         if(jump.identifier!=null) {
             val ident = jump.identifier.accept(this)
             if(ident is IdentifierReference && ident!==jump.identifier) {
@@ -76,107 +82,123 @@ interface IAstModifyingVisitor {
         return jump
     }
 
-    fun visit(ifStatement: IfStatement): IStatement {
+    fun visit(ifStatement: IfStatement): Statement {
         ifStatement.condition = ifStatement.condition.accept(this)
         ifStatement.truepart = ifStatement.truepart.accept(this) as AnonymousScope
         ifStatement.elsepart = ifStatement.elsepart.accept(this) as AnonymousScope
         return ifStatement
     }
 
-    fun visit(branchStatement: BranchStatement): IStatement {
+    fun visit(branchStatement: BranchStatement): Statement {
         branchStatement.truepart = branchStatement.truepart.accept(this) as AnonymousScope
         branchStatement.elsepart = branchStatement.elsepart.accept(this) as AnonymousScope
         return branchStatement
     }
 
-    fun visit(range: RangeExpr): IExpression {
+    fun visit(range: RangeExpr): Expression {
         range.from = range.from.accept(this)
         range.to = range.to.accept(this)
         range.step = range.step.accept(this)
         return range
     }
 
-    fun visit(label: Label): IStatement {
+    fun visit(label: Label): Statement {
         return label
     }
 
-    fun visit(literalValue: LiteralValue): LiteralValue {
-        if(literalValue.arrayvalue!=null) {
-            for(av in literalValue.arrayvalue.withIndex()) {
-                val newvalue = av.value.accept(this)
-                literalValue.arrayvalue[av.index] = newvalue
-            }
-        }
+    fun visit(literalValue: NumericLiteralValue): NumericLiteralValue {
         return literalValue
     }
 
-    fun visit(assignment: Assignment): IStatement {
+    fun visit(stringLiteral: StringLiteralValue): Expression {
+        return stringLiteral
+    }
+
+    fun visit(arrayLiteral: ArrayLiteralValue): Expression {
+        for(av in arrayLiteral.value.withIndex()) {
+            val newvalue = av.value.accept(this)
+            arrayLiteral.value[av.index] = newvalue
+        }
+        return arrayLiteral
+    }
+
+    fun visit(assignment: Assignment): Statement {
         assignment.target = assignment.target.accept(this)
         assignment.value = assignment.value.accept(this)
         return assignment
     }
 
-    fun visit(postIncrDecr: PostIncrDecr): IStatement {
+    fun visit(postIncrDecr: PostIncrDecr): Statement {
         postIncrDecr.target = postIncrDecr.target.accept(this)
         return postIncrDecr
     }
 
-    fun visit(contStmt: Continue): IStatement {
+    fun visit(contStmt: Continue): Statement {
         return contStmt
     }
 
-    fun visit(breakStmt: Break): IStatement {
+    fun visit(breakStmt: Break): Statement {
         return breakStmt
     }
 
-    fun visit(forLoop: ForLoop): IStatement {
-        forLoop.loopVar?.accept(this)
+    fun visit(forLoop: ForLoop): Statement {
+        when(val newloopvar = forLoop.loopVar?.accept(this)) {
+            is IdentifierReference -> forLoop.loopVar = newloopvar
+            null -> forLoop.loopVar = null
+            else -> throw FatalAstException("can't change class of loopvar")
+        }
         forLoop.iterable = forLoop.iterable.accept(this)
         forLoop.body = forLoop.body.accept(this) as AnonymousScope
         return forLoop
     }
 
-    fun visit(whileLoop: WhileLoop): IStatement {
+    fun visit(whileLoop: WhileLoop): Statement {
         whileLoop.condition = whileLoop.condition.accept(this)
         whileLoop.body = whileLoop.body.accept(this) as AnonymousScope
         return whileLoop
     }
 
-    fun visit(repeatLoop: RepeatLoop): IStatement {
+    fun visit(repeatLoop: RepeatLoop): Statement {
         repeatLoop.untilCondition = repeatLoop.untilCondition.accept(this)
         repeatLoop.body = repeatLoop.body.accept(this) as AnonymousScope
         return repeatLoop
     }
 
-    fun visit(returnStmt: Return): IStatement {
+    fun visit(returnStmt: Return): Statement {
         returnStmt.value = returnStmt.value?.accept(this)
         return returnStmt
     }
 
-    fun visit(arrayIndexedExpression: ArrayIndexedExpression): IExpression {
-        arrayIndexedExpression.identifier.accept(this)
+    fun visit(arrayIndexedExpression: ArrayIndexedExpression): ArrayIndexedExpression {
+        val ident = arrayIndexedExpression.identifier.accept(this)
+        if(ident is IdentifierReference)
+            arrayIndexedExpression.identifier = ident
         arrayIndexedExpression.arrayspec.accept(this)
         return arrayIndexedExpression
     }
 
     fun visit(assignTarget: AssignTarget): AssignTarget {
-        assignTarget.arrayindexed?.accept(this)
-        assignTarget.identifier?.accept(this)
+        when (val ident = assignTarget.identifier?.accept(this)) {
+            is IdentifierReference -> assignTarget.identifier = ident
+            null -> assignTarget.identifier = null
+            else -> throw FatalAstException("can't change class of assign target identifier")
+        }
+        assignTarget.arrayindexed = assignTarget.arrayindexed?.accept(this)
         assignTarget.memoryAddress?.let { visit(it) }
         return assignTarget
     }
 
-    fun visit(scope: AnonymousScope): IStatement {
-        scope.statements = scope.statements.asSequence().map { it.accept(this) }.toMutableList()
+    fun visit(scope: AnonymousScope): Statement {
+        scope.statements = scope.statements.map { it.accept(this) }.toMutableList()
         return scope
     }
 
-    fun visit(typecast: TypecastExpression): IExpression {
+    fun visit(typecast: TypecastExpression): Expression {
         typecast.expression = typecast.expression.accept(this)
         return typecast
     }
 
-    fun visit(memread: DirectMemoryRead): IExpression {
+    fun visit(memread: DirectMemoryRead): Expression {
         memread.addressExpression = memread.addressExpression.accept(this)
         return memread
     }
@@ -185,40 +207,55 @@ interface IAstModifyingVisitor {
         memwrite.addressExpression = memwrite.addressExpression.accept(this)
     }
 
-    fun visit(addressOf: AddressOf): IExpression {
-        addressOf.identifier.accept(this)
+    fun visit(addressOf: AddressOf): Expression {
+        val ident = addressOf.identifier.accept(this)
+        if(ident is IdentifierReference)
+            addressOf.identifier = ident
+        else
+            throw FatalAstException("can't change class of addressof identifier")
         return addressOf
     }
 
-    fun visit(inlineAssembly: InlineAssembly): IStatement {
+    fun visit(inlineAssembly: InlineAssembly): Statement {
         return inlineAssembly
     }
 
-    fun visit(registerExpr: RegisterExpr): IExpression {
+    fun visit(registerExpr: RegisterExpr): Expression {
         return registerExpr
     }
 
-    fun visit(builtinFunctionStatementPlaceholder: BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder): IStatement {
+    fun visit(builtinFunctionStatementPlaceholder: BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder): Statement {
         return builtinFunctionStatementPlaceholder
     }
 
-    fun visit(nopStatement: NopStatement): IStatement {
+    fun visit(nopStatement: NopStatement): Statement {
         return nopStatement
     }
 
-    fun visit(whenStatement: WhenStatement): IStatement {
-        whenStatement.condition.accept(this)
+    fun visit(whenStatement: WhenStatement): Statement {
+        whenStatement.condition = whenStatement.condition.accept(this)
         whenStatement.choices.forEach { it.accept(this) }
         return whenStatement
     }
 
     fun visit(whenChoice: WhenChoice) {
-        whenChoice.values?.forEach { it.accept(this) }
-        whenChoice.statements.accept(this)
+        whenChoice.values = whenChoice.values?.map { it.accept(this) }
+        val stmt = whenChoice.statements.accept(this)
+        if(stmt is AnonymousScope)
+            whenChoice.statements = stmt
+        else {
+            whenChoice.statements = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(stmt), stmt.position)
+            whenChoice.statements.linkParents(whenChoice)
+        }
     }
 
-    fun visit(structDecl: StructDecl): IStatement {
+    fun visit(structDecl: StructDecl): Statement {
         structDecl.statements = structDecl.statements.map{ it.accept(this) }.toMutableList()
         return structDecl
     }
+
+    fun visit(structLv: StructLiteralValue): Expression {
+        structLv.values = structLv.values.map { it.accept(this) }
+        return structLv
+    }
 }

compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/IAstVisitor.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package prog8.ast.processing
 
-import prog8.ast.*
+import prog8.ast.Module
+import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 
@@ -40,12 +41,12 @@ interface IAstVisitor {
 
     fun visit(functionCall: FunctionCall) {
         functionCall.target.accept(this)
-        functionCall.arglist.forEach { it.accept(this) }
+        functionCall.args.forEach { it.accept(this) }
     }
 
     fun visit(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement) {
         functionCallStatement.target.accept(this)
-        functionCallStatement.arglist.forEach { it.accept(this) }
+        functionCallStatement.args.forEach { it.accept(this) }
     }
 
     fun visit(identifier: IdentifierReference) {
@@ -75,8 +76,14 @@ interface IAstVisitor {
     fun visit(label: Label) {
     }
 
-    fun visit(literalValue: LiteralValue) {
-        literalValue.arrayvalue?.let { it.forEach { v->v.accept(this) }}
+    fun visit(numLiteral: NumericLiteralValue) {
+    }
+
+    fun visit(string: StringLiteralValue) {
+    }
+
+    fun visit(array: ArrayLiteralValue) {
+        array.value.forEach { v->v.accept(this) }
     }
 
     fun visit(assignment: Assignment) {
@@ -170,4 +177,8 @@ interface IAstVisitor {
     fun visit(structDecl: StructDecl) {
         structDecl.statements.forEach { it.accept(this) }
     }
+
+    fun visit(structLv: StructLiteralValue) {
+        structLv.values.forEach { it.accept(this) }
+    }
 }

compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/ImportedModuleDirectiveRemover.kt

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 package prog8.ast.processing
 
-import prog8.ast.*
+import prog8.ast.Module
 import prog8.ast.base.SyntaxError
 import prog8.ast.base.printWarning
 import prog8.ast.statements.Directive
+import prog8.ast.statements.Statement
 
 internal class ImportedModuleDirectiveRemover : IAstModifyingVisitor {
     private val checkResult: MutableList<SyntaxError> = mutableListOf()
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ internal class ImportedModuleDirectiveRemover : IAstModifyingVisitor {
      */
     override fun visit(module: Module) {
         super.visit(module)
-        val newStatements : MutableList<IStatement> = mutableListOf()
+        val newStatements : MutableList<Statement> = mutableListOf()
 
         val moduleLevelDirectives = listOf("%output", "%launcher", "%zeropage", "%zpreserved", "%address")
         for (sourceStmt in module.statements) {

compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/StatementReorderer.kt

@@ -1,35 +1,23 @@
 package prog8.ast.processing
 
-import kotlin.comparisons.nullsLast
 import prog8.ast.*
-import prog8.ast.base.*
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
 import prog8.ast.base.initvarsSubName
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
-import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
 
 
-fun flattenStructAssignment(structAssignment: Assignment, program: Program): List<Assignment> {
+private fun flattenStructAssignmentFromIdentifier(structAssignment: Assignment, program: Program): List<Assignment> {
     val identifier = structAssignment.target.identifier!!
     val identifierName = identifier.nameInSource.single()
     val targetVar = identifier.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
     val struct = targetVar.struct!!
+    when (structAssignment.value) {
+        is IdentifierReference -> {
             val sourceVar = (structAssignment.value as IdentifierReference).targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
-    if(!sourceVar.isArray && sourceVar.struct==null)
+            if (sourceVar.struct == null)
                 throw FatalAstException("can only assign arrays or structs to structs")
-    if(sourceVar.isArray) {
-        val sourceArray = (sourceVar.value as LiteralValue).arrayvalue!!
-        return struct.statements.zip(sourceArray).map { member ->
-            val decl = member.first as VarDecl
-            val mangled = mangledStructMemberName(identifierName, decl.name)
-            val idref = IdentifierReference(listOf(mangled), structAssignment.position)
-            val assign = Assignment(AssignTarget(null, idref, null, null, structAssignment.position),
-                    null, member.second, member.second.position)
-            assign.linkParents(structAssignment)
-            assign
-        }
-    }
-    else {
             // struct memberwise copy
             val sourceStruct = sourceVar.struct!!
             if(sourceStruct!==targetVar.struct) {
@@ -51,6 +39,11 @@ fun flattenStructAssignment(structAssignment: Assignment, program: Program): Lis
                 assign
             }
         }
+        is StructLiteralValue -> {
+            throw IllegalArgumentException("not going to flatten a structLv assignment here")
+        }
+        else -> throw FatalAstException("strange struct value")
+    }
 }
 
 
@@ -66,13 +59,13 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(private val program: Program): IAstModifyingVi
     // - the 'start' subroutine in the 'main' block will be moved to the top immediately following the directives.
     // - all other subroutines will be moved to the end of their block.
     // - sorts the choices in when statement.
-    //
-    // Also, makes sure any value assignments get the proper type casts if needed to cast them into the target variable's type.
-    // (this includes function call arguments)
 
     private val directivesToMove = setOf("%output", "%launcher", "%zeropage", "%zpreserved", "%address", "%option")
 
+    private val addReturns = mutableListOf<Pair<INameScope, Int>>()
+
     override fun visit(module: Module) {
+        addReturns.clear()
         super.visit(module)
 
         val (blocks, other) = module.statements.partition { it is Block }
@@ -100,9 +93,16 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(private val program: Program): IAstModifyingVi
         val directives = module.statements.filter {it is Directive && it.directive in directivesToMove}
         module.statements.removeAll(directives)
         module.statements.addAll(0, directives)
+
+        for(pos in addReturns) {
+            println(pos)
+            val returnStmt = Return(null, pos.first.position)
+            returnStmt.linkParents(pos.first as Node)
+            pos.first.statements.add(pos.second, returnStmt)
+        }
     }
 
-    override fun visit(block: Block): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(block: Block): Statement {
 
         val subroutines = block.statements.filterIsInstance<Subroutine>()
         var numSubroutinesAtEnd = 0
@@ -166,9 +166,22 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(private val program: Program): IAstModifyingVi
         return super.visit(block)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(subroutine: Subroutine): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(subroutine: Subroutine): Statement {
         super.visit(subroutine)
 
+        val scope = subroutine.definingScope()
+        if(scope is Subroutine) {
+            for(stmt in scope.statements.withIndex()) {
+                if(stmt.index>0 && stmt.value===subroutine) {
+                    val precedingStmt = scope.statements[stmt.index-1]
+                    if(precedingStmt !is Jump && precedingStmt !is Subroutine) {
+                        // insert a return statement before a nested subroutine, to avoid falling trough inside the subroutine
+                        addReturns.add(Pair(scope, stmt.index))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         val varDecls = subroutine.statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>()
         subroutine.statements.removeAll(varDecls)
         subroutine.statements.addAll(0, varDecls)
@@ -191,192 +204,55 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(private val program: Program): IAstModifyingVi
         return subroutine
     }
 
-    override fun visit(expr: BinaryExpression): IExpression {
-        val leftDt = expr.left.inferType(program)
-        val rightDt = expr.right.inferType(program)
-        if(leftDt!=null && rightDt!=null && leftDt!=rightDt) {
-            // determine common datatype and add typecast as required to make left and right equal types
-            val (commonDt, toFix) = expr.commonDatatype(leftDt, rightDt, expr.left, expr.right)
-            if(toFix!=null) {
-                when {
-                    toFix===expr.left -> {
-                        expr.left = TypecastExpression(expr.left, commonDt, true, expr.left.position)
-                        expr.left.linkParents(expr)
-                    }
-                    toFix===expr.right -> {
-                        expr.right = TypecastExpression(expr.right, commonDt, true, expr.right.position)
-                        expr.right.linkParents(expr)
-                    }
-                    else -> throw FatalAstException("confused binary expression side")
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return super.visit(expr)
-    }
+    override fun visit(assignment: Assignment): Statement {
+        val assg = super.visit(assignment)
+        if(assg !is Assignment)
+            return assg
 
-    override fun visit(assignment: Assignment): IStatement {
         // see if a typecast is needed to convert the value's type into the proper target type
-        val valuetype = assignment.value.inferType(program)
-        val targettype = assignment.target.inferType(program, assignment)
-        if(targettype!=null && valuetype!=null) {
-            if(valuetype!=targettype) {
-                if (valuetype isAssignableTo targettype) {
-                    assignment.value = TypecastExpression(assignment.value, targettype, true, assignment.value.position)
-                    assignment.value.linkParents(assignment)
-                }
-                // if they're not assignable, we'll get a proper error later from the AstChecker
-            }
-        }
+        val valueItype = assg.value.inferType(program)
+        val targetItype = assg.target.inferType(program, assg)
 
-        // struct assignments will be flattened
+        if(targetItype.isKnown && valueItype.isKnown) {
+            val targettype = targetItype.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+            val valuetype = valueItype.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+
+            // struct assignments will be flattened (if it's not a struct literal)
             if (valuetype == DataType.STRUCT && targettype == DataType.STRUCT) {
-            val assignments = flattenStructAssignment(assignment, program)
-            if(assignments.isEmpty()) {
+                if (assg.value is StructLiteralValue)
+                    return assg  // do NOT flatten it at this point!! (the compiler will take care if it, later, if needed)
+
+                val assignments = flattenStructAssignmentFromIdentifier(assg, program)    //   'structvar1 = structvar2'
+                return if (assignments.isEmpty()) {
                     // something went wrong (probably incompatible struct types)
                     // we'll get an error later from the AstChecker
-                return assignment
+                    assg
                 } else {
-                val scope = AnonymousScope(assignments.toMutableList(), assignment.position)
-                scope.linkParents(assignment.parent)
-                return scope
+                    val scope = AnonymousScope(assignments.toMutableList(), assg.position)
+                    scope.linkParents(assg.parent)
+                    scope
+                }
             }
         }
 
-        return super.visit(assignment)
+        if(assg.aug_op!=null) {
+            // transform augmented assg into normal assg so we have one case less to deal with later
+            val newTarget: Expression =
+                    when {
+                        assg.target.register != null -> RegisterExpr(assg.target.register!!, assg.target.position)
+                        assg.target.identifier != null -> assg.target.identifier!!
+                        assg.target.arrayindexed != null -> assg.target.arrayindexed!!
+                        assg.target.memoryAddress != null -> DirectMemoryRead(assg.target.memoryAddress!!.addressExpression, assg.value.position)
+                        else -> throw FatalAstException("strange assg")
                     }
 
-    override fun visit(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement): IStatement {
-        checkFunctionCallArguments(functionCallStatement, functionCallStatement.definingScope())
-        return super.visit(functionCallStatement)
+            val expression = BinaryExpression(newTarget, assg.aug_op.substringBeforeLast('='), assg.value, assg.position)
+            expression.linkParents(assg.parent)
+            val convertedAssignment = Assignment(assg.target, null, expression, assg.position)
+            convertedAssignment.linkParents(assg.parent)
+            return super.visit(convertedAssignment)
         }
 
-    override fun visit(functionCall: FunctionCall): IExpression {
-        checkFunctionCallArguments(functionCall, functionCall.definingScope())
-        return super.visit(functionCall)
-    }
-
-    private fun checkFunctionCallArguments(call: IFunctionCall, scope: INameScope) {
-        // see if a typecast is needed to convert the arguments into the required parameter's type
-        when(val sub = call.target.targetStatement(scope)) {
-            is Subroutine -> {
-                for(arg in sub.parameters.zip(call.arglist.withIndex())) {
-                    val argtype = arg.second.value.inferType(program)
-                    if(argtype!=null) {
-                        val requiredType = arg.first.type
-                        if (requiredType != argtype) {
-                            if (argtype isAssignableTo requiredType) {
-                                val typecasted = TypecastExpression(arg.second.value, requiredType, true, arg.second.value.position)
-                                typecasted.linkParents(arg.second.value.parent)
-                                call.arglist[arg.second.index] = typecasted
-                            }
-                            // if they're not assignable, we'll get a proper error later from the AstChecker
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder -> {
-                // if(sub.name in setOf("lsl", "lsr", "rol", "ror", "rol2", "ror2", "memset", "memcopy", "memsetw", "swap"))
-                val func = BuiltinFunctions.getValue(sub.name)
-                if(func.pure) {
-                    // non-pure functions don't get automatic typecasts because sometimes they act directly on their parameters
-                    for (arg in func.parameters.zip(call.arglist.withIndex())) {
-                        val argtype = arg.second.value.inferType(program)
-                        if (argtype != null) {
-                            if (arg.first.possibleDatatypes.any { argtype == it })
-                                continue
-                            for (possibleType in arg.first.possibleDatatypes) {
-                                if (argtype isAssignableTo possibleType) {
-                                    val typecasted = TypecastExpression(arg.second.value, possibleType, true, arg.second.value.position)
-                                    typecasted.linkParents(arg.second.value.parent)
-                                    call.arglist[arg.second.index] = typecasted
-                                    break
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            null -> {}
-            else -> TODO("call to something weird $sub   ${call.target}")
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun sortConstantAssignmentSequence(first: Assignment, stmtIter: MutableIterator<IStatement>): Pair<List<Assignment>, IStatement?> {
-        val sequence= mutableListOf(first)
-        var trailing: IStatement? = null
-        while(stmtIter.hasNext()) {
-            val next = stmtIter.next()
-            if(next is Assignment) {
-                val constValue = next.value.constValue(program)
-                if(constValue==null) {
-                    trailing = next
-                    break
-                }
-                sequence.add(next)
-            }
-            else {
-                trailing=next
-                break
-            }
-        }
-        val sorted = sequence.sortedWith(compareBy({it.value.inferType(program)}, {it.target.shortString(true)}))
-        return Pair(sorted, trailing)
-    }
-
-    override fun visit(typecast: TypecastExpression): IExpression {
-        // warn about any implicit type casts to Float, because that may not be intended
-        if(typecast.implicit && typecast.type in setOf(DataType.FLOAT, DataType.ARRAY_F)) {
-            printWarning("byte or word value implicitly converted to float. Suggestion: use explicit cast as float, a float number, or revert to integer arithmetic", typecast.position)
-        }
-        return super.visit(typecast)
-    }
-
-    override fun visit(whenStatement: WhenStatement): IStatement {
-        // make sure all choices are just for one single value
-        val choices = whenStatement.choices.toList()
-        for(choice in choices) {
-            if(choice.values==null || choice.values.size==1)
-                continue
-            for(v in choice.values) {
-                val newchoice=WhenChoice(listOf(v), choice.statements, choice.position)
-                newchoice.parent = choice.parent
-                whenStatement.choices.add(newchoice)
-            }
-            whenStatement.choices.remove(choice)
-        }
-
-        // sort the choices in low-to-high value order (nulls last)
-        whenStatement.choices
-                .sortWith(compareBy<WhenChoice, Int?>(nullsLast(), {it.values?.single()?.constValue(program)?.asIntegerValue}))
-        return super.visit(whenStatement)
-    }
-
-    override fun visit(memread: DirectMemoryRead): IExpression {
-        // make sure the memory address is an uword
-        val dt = memread.addressExpression.inferType(program)
-        if(dt!=DataType.UWORD) {
-            val literaladdr = memread.addressExpression as? LiteralValue
-            if(literaladdr!=null) {
-                memread.addressExpression = literaladdr.cast(DataType.UWORD)!!
-            } else {
-                memread.addressExpression = TypecastExpression(memread.addressExpression, DataType.UWORD, true, memread.addressExpression.position)
-                memread.addressExpression.parent = memread
-            }
-        }
-        return super.visit(memread)
-    }
-
-    override fun visit(memwrite: DirectMemoryWrite) {
-        val dt = memwrite.addressExpression.inferType(program)
-        if(dt!=DataType.UWORD) {
-            val literaladdr = memwrite.addressExpression as? LiteralValue
-            if(literaladdr!=null) {
-                memwrite.addressExpression = literaladdr.cast(DataType.UWORD)!!
-            } else {
-                memwrite.addressExpression = TypecastExpression(memwrite.addressExpression, DataType.UWORD, true, memwrite.addressExpression.position)
-                memwrite.addressExpression.parent = memwrite
-            }
-        }
-        super.visit(memwrite)
+        return assg
     }
 }

compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/TypecastsAdder.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+package prog8.ast.processing
+
+import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
+import prog8.ast.INameScope
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
+import prog8.ast.base.printWarning
+import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+
+
+internal class TypecastsAdder(private val program: Program): IAstModifyingVisitor {
+    // Make sure any value assignments get the proper type casts if needed to cast them into the target variable's type.
+    // (this includes function call arguments)
+
+    override fun visit(expr: BinaryExpression): Expression {
+        val expr2 = super.visit(expr)
+        if(expr2 !is BinaryExpression)
+            return expr2
+        val leftDt = expr2.left.inferType(program)
+        val rightDt = expr2.right.inferType(program)
+        if(leftDt.isKnown && rightDt.isKnown && leftDt!=rightDt) {
+            // determine common datatype and add typecast as required to make left and right equal types
+            val (commonDt, toFix) = BinaryExpression.commonDatatype(leftDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT), rightDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT), expr2.left, expr2.right)
+            if(toFix!=null) {
+                when {
+                    toFix===expr2.left -> {
+                        expr2.left = TypecastExpression(expr2.left, commonDt, true, expr2.left.position)
+                        expr2.left.linkParents(expr2)
+                    }
+                    toFix===expr2.right -> {
+                        expr2.right = TypecastExpression(expr2.right, commonDt, true, expr2.right.position)
+                        expr2.right.linkParents(expr2)
+                    }
+                    else -> throw FatalAstException("confused binary expression side")
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return expr2
+    }
+
+    override fun visit(assignment: Assignment): Statement {
+        val assg = super.visit(assignment)
+        if(assg !is Assignment)
+            return assg
+
+        // see if a typecast is needed to convert the value's type into the proper target type
+        val valueItype = assg.value.inferType(program)
+        val targetItype = assg.target.inferType(program, assg)
+
+        if(targetItype.isKnown && valueItype.isKnown) {
+            val targettype = targetItype.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+            val valuetype = valueItype.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+            if (valuetype != targettype) {
+                if (valuetype isAssignableTo targettype) {
+                    assg.value = TypecastExpression(assg.value, targettype, true, assg.value.position)
+                    assg.value.linkParents(assg)
+                }
+                // if they're not assignable, we'll get a proper error later from the AstChecker
+            }
+        }
+        return assg
+    }
+
+    override fun visit(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement): Statement {
+        checkFunctionCallArguments(functionCallStatement, functionCallStatement.definingScope())
+        return super.visit(functionCallStatement)
+    }
+
+    override fun visit(functionCall: FunctionCall): Expression {
+        checkFunctionCallArguments(functionCall, functionCall.definingScope())
+        return super.visit(functionCall)
+    }
+
+    private fun checkFunctionCallArguments(call: IFunctionCall, scope: INameScope) {
+        // see if a typecast is needed to convert the arguments into the required parameter's type
+        when(val sub = call.target.targetStatement(scope)) {
+            is Subroutine -> {
+                for(arg in sub.parameters.zip(call.args.withIndex())) {
+                    val argItype = arg.second.value.inferType(program)
+                    if(argItype.isKnown) {
+                        val argtype = argItype.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+                        val requiredType = arg.first.type
+                        if (requiredType != argtype) {
+                            if (argtype isAssignableTo requiredType) {
+                                val typecasted = TypecastExpression(arg.second.value, requiredType, true, arg.second.value.position)
+                                typecasted.linkParents(arg.second.value.parent)
+                                call.args[arg.second.index] = typecasted
+                            }
+                            // if they're not assignable, we'll get a proper error later from the AstChecker
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder -> {
+                val func = BuiltinFunctions.getValue(sub.name)
+                if(func.pure) {
+                    // non-pure functions don't get automatic typecasts because sometimes they act directly on their parameters
+                    for (arg in func.parameters.zip(call.args.withIndex())) {
+                        val argItype = arg.second.value.inferType(program)
+                        if (argItype.isKnown) {
+                            val argtype = argItype.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+                            if (arg.first.possibleDatatypes.any { argtype == it })
+                                continue
+                            for (possibleType in arg.first.possibleDatatypes) {
+                                if (argtype isAssignableTo possibleType) {
+                                    val typecasted = TypecastExpression(arg.second.value, possibleType, true, arg.second.value.position)
+                                    typecasted.linkParents(arg.second.value.parent)
+                                    call.args[arg.second.index] = typecasted
+                                    break
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            null -> {}
+            else -> throw FatalAstException("call to something weird $sub   ${call.target}")
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun visit(typecast: TypecastExpression): Expression {
+        // warn about any implicit type casts to Float, because that may not be intended
+        if(typecast.implicit && typecast.type in setOf(DataType.FLOAT, DataType.ARRAY_F)) {
+            printWarning("byte or word value implicitly converted to float. Suggestion: use explicit cast as float, a float number, or revert to integer arithmetic", typecast.position)
+        }
+        return super.visit(typecast)
+    }
+
+    override fun visit(memread: DirectMemoryRead): Expression {
+        // make sure the memory address is an uword
+        val dt = memread.addressExpression.inferType(program)
+        if(dt.isKnown && dt.typeOrElse(DataType.UWORD)!=DataType.UWORD) {
+            val literaladdr = memread.addressExpression as? NumericLiteralValue
+            if(literaladdr!=null) {
+                memread.addressExpression = literaladdr.cast(DataType.UWORD)
+            } else {
+                memread.addressExpression = TypecastExpression(memread.addressExpression, DataType.UWORD, true, memread.addressExpression.position)
+                memread.addressExpression.parent = memread
+            }
+        }
+        return super.visit(memread)
+    }
+
+    override fun visit(memwrite: DirectMemoryWrite) {
+        val dt = memwrite.addressExpression.inferType(program)
+        if(dt.isKnown && dt.typeOrElse(DataType.UWORD)!=DataType.UWORD) {
+            val literaladdr = memwrite.addressExpression as? NumericLiteralValue
+            if(literaladdr!=null) {
+                memwrite.addressExpression = literaladdr.cast(DataType.UWORD)
+            } else {
+                memwrite.addressExpression = TypecastExpression(memwrite.addressExpression, DataType.UWORD, true, memwrite.addressExpression.position)
+                memwrite.addressExpression.parent = memwrite
+            }
+        }
+        super.visit(memwrite)
+    }
+
+    override fun visit(structLv: StructLiteralValue): Expression {
+        val litval = super.visit(structLv)
+        if(litval !is StructLiteralValue)
+            return litval
+
+        val decl = litval.parent as? VarDecl
+        if(decl != null) {
+            val struct = decl.struct
+            if(struct != null) {
+                addTypecastsIfNeeded(litval, struct)
+            }
+        } else {
+            val assign = litval.parent as? Assignment
+            if (assign != null) {
+                val decl2 = assign.target.identifier?.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
+                if(decl2 != null) {
+                    val struct = decl2.struct
+                    if(struct != null) {
+                        addTypecastsIfNeeded(litval, struct)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return litval
+    }
+
+    private fun addTypecastsIfNeeded(structLv: StructLiteralValue, struct: StructDecl) {
+        structLv.values = struct.statements.zip(structLv.values).map {
+            val memberDt = (it.first as VarDecl).datatype
+            val valueDt = it.second.inferType(program)
+            if (valueDt.typeOrElse(memberDt) != memberDt)
+                TypecastExpression(it.second, memberDt, true, it.second.position)
+            else
+                it.second
+        }
+    }
+}

compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/VarInitValueAndAddressOfCreator.kt

@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 package prog8.ast.processing
 
-import prog8.ast.*
+import prog8.ast.INameScope
+import prog8.ast.Module
+import prog8.ast.Node
+import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.base.autoHeapValuePrefix
-import prog8.ast.expressions.AddressOf
-import prog8.ast.expressions.FunctionCall
-import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
-import prog8.ast.expressions.LiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.compiler.CompilerException
+import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.functions.FunctionSignature
 
 
-internal class VarInitValueAndAddressOfCreator(private val namespace: INameScope): IAstModifyingVisitor {
+internal class VarInitValueAndAddressOfCreator(private val program: Program): IAstModifyingVisitor {
     // For VarDecls that declare an initialization value:
     // Replace the vardecl with an assignment (to set the initial value),
     // and add a new vardecl with the default constant value of that type (usually zero) to the scope.
@@ -28,7 +29,6 @@ internal class VarInitValueAndAddressOfCreator(private val namespace: INameScope
     override fun visit(module: Module) {
         vardeclsToAdd.clear()
         super.visit(module)
-
         // add any new vardecls to the various scopes
         for((where, decls) in vardeclsToAdd) {
             where.statements.addAll(0, decls)
@@ -36,8 +36,18 @@ internal class VarInitValueAndAddressOfCreator(private val namespace: INameScope
         }
     }
 
-    override fun visit(decl: VarDecl): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(decl: VarDecl): Statement {
         super.visit(decl)
+
+        if(decl.isArray && decl.value==null) {
+            // array datatype without initialization value, add list of zeros
+            val arraysize = decl.arraysize!!.size()!!
+            val array = ArrayLiteralValue(decl.datatype,
+                    Array(arraysize) { NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, decl.position) },
+                    decl.position)
+            decl.value = array
+        }
+
         if(decl.type!= VarDeclType.VAR || decl.value==null)
             return decl
 
@@ -46,13 +56,11 @@ internal class VarInitValueAndAddressOfCreator(private val namespace: INameScope
             addVarDecl(scope, decl.asDefaultValueDecl(null))
             val declvalue = decl.value!!
             val value =
-                    if(declvalue is LiteralValue) {
-                        val converted = declvalue.cast(decl.datatype)
-                        converted ?: declvalue
-                    }
+                    if(declvalue is NumericLiteralValue)
+                        declvalue.cast(decl.datatype)
                     else
                         declvalue
-            val identifierName = listOf(decl.name)    //  // TODO this was: (scoped name) decl.scopedname.split(".")
+            val identifierName = listOf(decl.name)    // this was: (scoped name) decl.scopedname.split(".")
             return VariableInitializationAssignment(
                     AssignTarget(null, IdentifierReference(identifierName, decl.position), null, null, decl.position),
                     null,
@@ -60,62 +68,82 @@ internal class VarInitValueAndAddressOfCreator(private val namespace: INameScope
                     decl.position
             )
         }
+
         return decl
     }
 
-    override fun visit(functionCall: FunctionCall): IExpression {
-        val targetStatement = functionCall.target.targetSubroutine(namespace)
+    override fun visit(functionCall: FunctionCall): Expression {
+        var parentStatement: Node = functionCall
+        while(parentStatement !is Statement)
+            parentStatement = parentStatement.parent
+        val targetStatement = functionCall.target.targetSubroutine(program.namespace)
         if(targetStatement!=null) {
-            var node: Node = functionCall
-            while(node !is IStatement)
-                node=node.parent
-            addAddressOfExprIfNeeded(targetStatement, functionCall.arglist, node)
+            addAddressOfExprIfNeeded(targetStatement, functionCall.args, parentStatement)
+        } else {
+            val builtinFunc = BuiltinFunctions[functionCall.target.nameInSource.joinToString (".")]
+            if(builtinFunc!=null)
+                addAddressOfExprIfNeededForBuiltinFuncs(builtinFunc, functionCall.args, parentStatement)
         }
         return functionCall
     }
 
-    override fun visit(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement): IStatement {
-        val targetStatement = functionCallStatement.target.targetSubroutine(namespace)
-        if(targetStatement!=null)
-            addAddressOfExprIfNeeded(targetStatement, functionCallStatement.arglist, functionCallStatement)
+    override fun visit(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement): Statement {
+        val targetStatement = functionCallStatement.target.targetSubroutine(program.namespace)
+        if(targetStatement!=null) {
+            addAddressOfExprIfNeeded(targetStatement, functionCallStatement.args, functionCallStatement)
+        } else {
+            val builtinFunc = BuiltinFunctions[functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource.joinToString (".")]
+            if(builtinFunc!=null)
+                addAddressOfExprIfNeededForBuiltinFuncs(builtinFunc, functionCallStatement.args, functionCallStatement)
+        }
         return functionCallStatement
     }
 
-    private fun addAddressOfExprIfNeeded(subroutine: Subroutine, arglist: MutableList<IExpression>, parent: IStatement) {
+    private fun addAddressOfExprIfNeeded(subroutine: Subroutine, arglist: MutableList<Expression>, parent: Statement) {
         // functions that accept UWORD and are given an array type, or string, will receive the AddressOf (memory location) of that value instead.
         for(argparam in subroutine.parameters.withIndex().zip(arglist)) {
-            if(argparam.first.value.type==DataType.UWORD || argparam.first.value.type in StringDatatypes) {
+            if(argparam.first.value.type==DataType.UWORD || argparam.first.value.type == DataType.STR) {
                 if(argparam.second is AddressOf)
                     continue
                 val idref = argparam.second as? IdentifierReference
-                val strvalue = argparam.second as? LiteralValue
+                val strvalue = argparam.second as? StringLiteralValue
                 if(idref!=null) {
-                    val variable = idref.targetVarDecl(namespace)
-                    if(variable!=null && (variable.datatype in StringDatatypes || variable.datatype in ArrayDatatypes)) {
+                    val variable = idref.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
+                    if(variable!=null && variable.datatype in IterableDatatypes) {
                         val pointerExpr = AddressOf(idref, idref.position)
-                        pointerExpr.scopedname = parent.makeScopedName(idref.nameInSource.single())
                         pointerExpr.linkParents(arglist[argparam.first.index].parent)
                         arglist[argparam.first.index] = pointerExpr
                     }
                 }
                 else if(strvalue!=null) {
-                    if(strvalue.isString) {
+                    // add a vardecl so that the autovar can be resolved in later lookups
+                    val variable = VarDecl.createAuto(strvalue)
+                    addVarDecl(strvalue.definingScope(), variable)
                     // replace the argument with &autovar
-                        val autoVarName = "$autoHeapValuePrefix${strvalue.heapId}"
-                        val autoHeapvarRef = IdentifierReference(listOf(autoVarName), strvalue.position)
+                    val autoHeapvarRef = IdentifierReference(listOf(variable.name), strvalue.position)
                     val pointerExpr = AddressOf(autoHeapvarRef, strvalue.position)
-                        pointerExpr.scopedname = parent.makeScopedName(autoVarName)
                     pointerExpr.linkParents(arglist[argparam.first.index].parent)
                     arglist[argparam.first.index] = pointerExpr
-                        // add a vardecl so that the autovar can be resolved in later lookups
-                        val variable = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, strvalue.type, ZeropageWish.NOT_IN_ZEROPAGE, null, autoVarName, null, strvalue,
-                                isArray = false, hiddenButDoNotRemove = false, position = strvalue.position)
-                        addVarDecl(strvalue.definingScope(), variable)
                 }
             }
         }
     }
+
+    private fun addAddressOfExprIfNeededForBuiltinFuncs(signature: FunctionSignature, args: MutableList<Expression>, parent: Statement) {
+        // val paramTypesForAddressOf = PassByReferenceDatatypes + DataType.UWORD
+        for(arg in args.withIndex().zip(signature.parameters)) {
+            val argvalue = arg.first.value
+            val argDt = argvalue.inferType(program)
+            if(argDt.typeOrElse(DataType.UBYTE) in PassByReferenceDatatypes && DataType.UWORD in arg.second.possibleDatatypes) {
+                if(argvalue !is IdentifierReference)
+                    throw CompilerException("pass-by-reference parameter isn't an identifier? $argvalue")
+                val addrOf = AddressOf(argvalue, argvalue.position)
+                args[arg.first.index] = addrOf
+                addrOf.linkParents(parent)
             }
+        }
+    }
+
 
     private fun addVarDecl(scope: INameScope, variable: VarDecl) {
         if(scope !in vardeclsToAdd)

compiler/src/prog8/ast/statements/AstStatements.kt

@@ -5,11 +5,39 @@ import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.processing.IAstModifyingVisitor
 import prog8.ast.processing.IAstVisitor
-import prog8.compiler.HeapValues
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.MachineDefinition
 
 
-class BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder(val name: String, override val position: Position) : IStatement {
+sealed class Statement : Node {
+    abstract fun accept(visitor: IAstModifyingVisitor) : Statement
+    abstract fun accept(visitor: IAstVisitor)
+    fun makeScopedName(name: String): String {
+        // easy way out is to always return the full scoped name.
+        // it would be nicer to find only the minimal prefixed scoped name, but that's too much hassle for now.
+        // and like this, we can cache the name even,
+        // like in a lazy property on the statement object itself (label, subroutine, vardecl)
+        val scope = mutableListOf<String>()
+        var statementScope = this.parent
+        while(statementScope !is ParentSentinel && statementScope !is Module) {
+            if(statementScope is INameScope) {
+                scope.add(0, statementScope.name)
+            }
+            statementScope = statementScope.parent
+        }
+        if(name.isNotEmpty())
+            scope.add(name)
+        return scope.joinToString(".")
+    }
+
+    abstract val expensiveToInline: Boolean
+
+    fun definingBlock(): Block {
+        if(this is Block)
+            return this
+        return findParentNode<Block>(this)!!
+    }
+}
+
+class BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder(val name: String, override val position: Position) : Statement() {
     override var parent: Node = ParentSentinel
     override fun linkParents(parent: Node) {}
     override fun accept(visitor: IAstModifyingVisitor) = visitor.visit(this)
@@ -18,15 +46,13 @@ class BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder(val name: String, override val positio
     override val expensiveToInline = false
 }
 
-
-data class RegisterOrStatusflag(val registerOrPair: RegisterOrPair?, val statusflag: Statusflag?, val stack: Boolean?)
-
+data class RegisterOrStatusflag(val registerOrPair: RegisterOrPair?, val statusflag: Statusflag?, val stack: Boolean)
 
 class Block(override val name: String,
             val address: Int?,
-            override var statements: MutableList<IStatement>,
+            override var statements: MutableList<Statement>,
             val isInLibrary: Boolean,
-            override val position: Position) : IStatement, INameScope {
+            override val position: Position) : Statement(), INameScope {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
     override val expensiveToInline
         get() = statements.any { it.expensiveToInline }
@@ -46,7 +72,7 @@ class Block(override val name: String,
     fun options() = statements.filter { it is Directive && it.directive == "%option" }.flatMap { (it as Directive).args }.map {it.name!!}.toSet()
 }
 
-data class Directive(val directive: String, val args: List<DirectiveArg>, override val position: Position) : IStatement {
+data class Directive(val directive: String, val args: List<DirectiveArg>, override val position: Position) : Statement() {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
     override val expensiveToInline = false
 
@@ -67,7 +93,7 @@ data class DirectiveArg(val str: String?, val name: String?, val int: Int?, over
     }
 }
 
-data class Label(val name: String, override val position: Position) : IStatement {
+data class Label(val name: String, override val position: Position) : Statement() {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
     override val expensiveToInline = false
 
@@ -81,13 +107,11 @@ data class Label(val name: String, override val position: Position) : IStatement
     override fun toString(): String {
         return "Label(name=$name, pos=$position)"
     }
-
-    val scopedname: String by lazy { makeScopedName(name) }
 }
 
-open class Return(var value: IExpression?, override val position: Position) : IStatement {
+open class Return(var value: Expression?, override val position: Position) : Statement() {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
-    override val expensiveToInline = value!=null && value !is LiteralValue
+    override val expensiveToInline = value!=null && value !is NumericLiteralValue
 
     override fun linkParents(parent: Node) {
         this.parent = parent
@@ -111,7 +135,7 @@ class ReturnFromIrq(override val position: Position) : Return(null, position) {
     }
 }
 
-class Continue(override val position: Position) : IStatement {
+class Continue(override val position: Position) : Statement() {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
     override val expensiveToInline = false
 
@@ -123,7 +147,7 @@ class Continue(override val position: Position) : IStatement {
     override fun accept(visitor: IAstVisitor) = visitor.visit(this)
 }
 
-class Break(override val position: Position) : IStatement {
+class Break(override val position: Position) : Statement() {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
     override val expensiveToInline = false
 
@@ -149,10 +173,10 @@ class VarDecl(val type: VarDeclType,
               var arraysize: ArrayIndex?,
               val name: String,
               private val structName: String?,
-              var value: IExpression?,
+              var value: Expression?,
               val isArray: Boolean,
-              val hiddenButDoNotRemove: Boolean,
-              override val position: Position) : IStatement {
+              val autogeneratedDontRemove: Boolean,
+              override val position: Position) : Statement() {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
     var struct: StructDecl? = null        // set later (because at parse time, we only know the name)
         private set
@@ -160,7 +184,27 @@ class VarDecl(val type: VarDeclType,
         private set
 
     override val expensiveToInline
-            get() = value!=null && value !is LiteralValue
+            get() = value!=null && value !is NumericLiteralValue
+
+    // prefix for literal values that are turned into a variable on the heap
+
+    companion object {
+        private var autoHeapValueSequenceNumber = 0
+
+        fun createAuto(string: StringLiteralValue): VarDecl {
+            val autoVarName = "auto_heap_value_${++autoHeapValueSequenceNumber}"
+            return VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, DataType.STR, ZeropageWish.NOT_IN_ZEROPAGE, null, autoVarName, null, string,
+                        isArray = false, autogeneratedDontRemove = true, position = string.position)
+        }
+
+        fun createAuto(array: ArrayLiteralValue): VarDecl {
+            val autoVarName = "auto_heap_value_${++autoHeapValueSequenceNumber}"
+            val declaredType = ArrayElementTypes.getValue(array.type)
+            val arraysize = ArrayIndex.forArray(array)
+            return VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, declaredType, ZeropageWish.NOT_IN_ZEROPAGE, arraysize, autoVarName, null, array,
+                    isArray = true, autogeneratedDontRemove = true, position = array.position)
+        }
+    }
 
     val datatypeErrors = mutableListOf<SyntaxError>()       // don't crash at init time, report them in the AstChecker
     val datatype =
@@ -182,6 +226,8 @@ class VarDecl(val type: VarDeclType,
         arraysize?.linkParents(this)
         value?.linkParents(this)
         if(structName!=null) {
+            val structStmt = definingScope().lookup(listOf(structName), this)
+            if(structStmt!=null)
                 struct = definingScope().lookup(listOf(structName), this) as StructDecl
         }
     }
@@ -197,23 +243,23 @@ class VarDecl(val type: VarDeclType,
 
     fun asDefaultValueDecl(parent: Node?): VarDecl {
         val constValue = when(declaredDatatype) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0, position = position)
-            DataType.BYTE -> LiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, 0, position = position)
-            DataType.UWORD -> LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 0, position = position)
-            DataType.WORD -> LiteralValue(DataType.WORD, wordvalue = 0, position = position)
-            DataType.FLOAT -> LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 0.0, position = position)
+            DataType.UBYTE -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0,  position)
+            DataType.BYTE -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, 0,  position)
+            DataType.UWORD -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 0, position)
+            DataType.WORD -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.WORD, 0, position)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 0.0, position)
             else -> throw FatalAstException("can only set a default value for a numeric type")
         }
-        val decl = VarDecl(type, declaredDatatype, zeropage, arraysize, name, structName, constValue, isArray, true, position)
+        val decl = VarDecl(type, declaredDatatype, zeropage, arraysize, name, structName, constValue, isArray, false, position)
         if(parent!=null)
             decl.linkParents(parent)
         return decl
     }
 
-    fun flattenStructMembers(): MutableList<IStatement> {
+    fun flattenStructMembers(): MutableList<Statement> {
         val result = struct!!.statements.withIndex().map {
             val member = it.value as VarDecl
-            val initvalue = if(value!=null) (value as LiteralValue).arrayvalue!![it.index] else null
+            val initvalue = if(value!=null) (value as StructLiteralValue).values[it.index] else null
             VarDecl(
                     VarDeclType.VAR,
                     member.datatype,
@@ -225,14 +271,14 @@ class VarDecl(val type: VarDeclType,
                     member.isArray,
                     true,
                     member.position
-            ) as IStatement
+            ) as Statement
         }.toMutableList()
         structHasBeenFlattened = true
         return result
     }
 }
 
-class ArrayIndex(var index: IExpression, override val position: Position) : Node {
+class ArrayIndex(var index: Expression, override val position: Position) : Node {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
 
     override fun linkParents(parent: Node) {
@@ -241,15 +287,15 @@ class ArrayIndex(var index: IExpression, override val position: Position) : Node
     }
 
     companion object {
-        fun forArray(v: LiteralValue, heap: HeapValues): ArrayIndex {
-            val arraySize = v.arrayvalue?.size ?: heap.get(v.heapId!!).arraysize
-            return ArrayIndex(LiteralValue.optimalNumeric(arraySize, v.position), v.position)
+        fun forArray(v: ArrayLiteralValue): ArrayIndex {
+            return ArrayIndex(NumericLiteralValue.optimalNumeric(v.value.size, v.position), v.position)
         }
     }
 
     fun accept(visitor: IAstModifyingVisitor) {
         index = index.accept(visitor)
     }
+
     fun accept(visitor: IAstVisitor) {
         index.accept(visitor)
     }
@@ -258,13 +304,13 @@ class ArrayIndex(var index: IExpression, override val position: Position) : Node
         return("ArrayIndex($index, pos=$position)")
     }
 
-    fun size() = (index as? LiteralValue)?.asIntegerValue
+    fun size() = (index as? NumericLiteralValue)?.number?.toInt()
 }
 
-open class Assignment(var target: AssignTarget, val aug_op : String?, var value: IExpression, override val position: Position) : IStatement {
+open class Assignment(var target: AssignTarget, val aug_op : String?, var value: Expression, override val position: Position) : Statement() {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
     override val expensiveToInline
-            get() = value !is LiteralValue
+            get() = value !is NumericLiteralValue
 
     override fun linkParents(parent: Node) {
         this.parent = parent
@@ -282,13 +328,13 @@ open class Assignment(var target: AssignTarget, val aug_op : String?, var value:
 
 // This is a special class so the compiler can see if the assignments are for initializing the vars in the scope,
 // or just a regular assignment. It may optimize the initialization step from this.
-class VariableInitializationAssignment(target: AssignTarget, aug_op: String?, value: IExpression, position: Position)
+class VariableInitializationAssignment(target: AssignTarget, aug_op: String?, value: Expression, position: Position)
     : Assignment(target, aug_op, value, position)
 
 data class AssignTarget(val register: Register?,
-                        val identifier: IdentifierReference?,
-                        val arrayindexed: ArrayIndexedExpression?,
-                        var memoryAddress: DirectMemoryWrite?,
+                        var identifier: IdentifierReference?,
+                        var arrayindexed: ArrayIndexedExpression?,
+                        val memoryAddress: DirectMemoryWrite?,
                         override val position: Position) : Node {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
 
@@ -303,7 +349,7 @@ data class AssignTarget(val register: Register?,
     fun accept(visitor: IAstVisitor) = visitor.visit(this)
 
     companion object {
-        fun fromExpr(expr: IExpression): AssignTarget {
+        fun fromExpr(expr: Expression): AssignTarget {
             return when (expr) {
                 is RegisterExpr -> AssignTarget(expr.register, null, null, null, expr.position)
                 is IdentifierReference -> AssignTarget(null, expr, null, null, expr.position)
@@ -314,53 +360,35 @@ data class AssignTarget(val register: Register?,
         }
     }
 
-    fun inferType(program: Program, stmt: IStatement): DataType? {
+    fun inferType(program: Program, stmt: Statement): InferredTypes.InferredType {
         if(register!=null)
-            return DataType.UBYTE
+            return InferredTypes.knownFor(DataType.UBYTE)
 
         if(identifier!=null) {
-            val symbol = program.namespace.lookup(identifier.nameInSource, stmt) ?: return null
-            if (symbol is VarDecl) return symbol.datatype
+            val symbol = program.namespace.lookup(identifier!!.nameInSource, stmt) ?: return InferredTypes.unknown()
+            if (symbol is VarDecl) return InferredTypes.knownFor(symbol.datatype)
         }
 
         if(arrayindexed!=null) {
-            val dt = arrayindexed.inferType(program)
-            if(dt!=null)
-                return dt
+            return arrayindexed!!.inferType(program)
         }
 
         if(memoryAddress!=null)
-            return DataType.UBYTE
+            return InferredTypes.knownFor(DataType.UBYTE)
 
-        return null
+        return InferredTypes.unknown()
     }
 
-    fun shortString(withTypePrefix: Boolean=false): String {
-        if(register!=null)
-            return (if(withTypePrefix) "0register::" else "") + register.name
-        if(identifier!=null)
-            return (if(withTypePrefix) "3identifier::" else "") + identifier.nameInSource.last()
-        if(arrayindexed!=null)
-            return (if(withTypePrefix) "2arrayidx::" else "") + arrayindexed.identifier.nameInSource.last()
-        val address = memoryAddress?.addressExpression
-        if(address is LiteralValue)
-            return (if(withTypePrefix) "1address::" else "") +address.asIntegerValue.toString()
-        return if(withTypePrefix) "???::???" else "???"
-    }
-
-    fun isMemoryMapped(namespace: INameScope): Boolean =
-            memoryAddress!=null || (identifier?.targetVarDecl(namespace)?.type== VarDeclType.MEMORY)
-
-    infix fun isSameAs(value: IExpression): Boolean {
+    infix fun isSameAs(value: Expression): Boolean {
         return when {
             this.memoryAddress!=null -> false
             this.register!=null -> value is RegisterExpr && value.register==register
-            this.identifier!=null -> value is IdentifierReference && value.nameInSource==identifier.nameInSource
+            this.identifier!=null -> value is IdentifierReference && value.nameInSource==identifier!!.nameInSource
             this.arrayindexed!=null -> value is ArrayIndexedExpression &&
-                    value.identifier.nameInSource==arrayindexed.identifier.nameInSource &&
+                    value.identifier.nameInSource==arrayindexed!!.identifier.nameInSource &&
                     value.arrayspec.size()!=null &&
-                    arrayindexed.arrayspec.size()!=null &&
-                    value.arrayspec.size()==arrayindexed.arrayspec.size()
+                    arrayindexed!!.arrayspec.size()!=null &&
+                    value.arrayspec.size()==arrayindexed!!.arrayspec.size()
             else -> false
         }
     }
@@ -371,16 +399,16 @@ data class AssignTarget(val register: Register?,
         if(this.register!=null && other.register!=null)
             return this.register==other.register
         if(this.identifier!=null && other.identifier!=null)
-            return this.identifier.nameInSource==other.identifier.nameInSource
+            return this.identifier!!.nameInSource==other.identifier!!.nameInSource
         if(this.memoryAddress!=null && other.memoryAddress!=null) {
-            val addr1 = this.memoryAddress!!.addressExpression.constValue(program)
-            val addr2 = other.memoryAddress!!.addressExpression.constValue(program)
+            val addr1 = this.memoryAddress.addressExpression.constValue(program)
+            val addr2 = other.memoryAddress.addressExpression.constValue(program)
             return addr1!=null && addr2!=null && addr1==addr2
         }
         if(this.arrayindexed!=null && other.arrayindexed!=null) {
-            if(this.arrayindexed.identifier.nameInSource == other.arrayindexed.identifier.nameInSource) {
-                val x1 = this.arrayindexed.arrayspec.index.constValue(program)
-                val x2 = other.arrayindexed.arrayspec.index.constValue(program)
+            if(this.arrayindexed!!.identifier.nameInSource == other.arrayindexed!!.identifier.nameInSource) {
+                val x1 = this.arrayindexed!!.arrayspec.index.constValue(program)
+                val x2 = other.arrayindexed!!.arrayspec.index.constValue(program)
                 return x1!=null && x2!=null && x1==x2
             }
         }
@@ -393,12 +421,12 @@ data class AssignTarget(val register: Register?,
         if(this.memoryAddress!=null)
             return false
         if(this.arrayindexed!=null) {
-            val targetStmt = this.arrayindexed.identifier.targetVarDecl(namespace)
+            val targetStmt = this.arrayindexed!!.identifier.targetVarDecl(namespace)
             if(targetStmt!=null)
                 return targetStmt.type!= VarDeclType.MEMORY
         }
         if(this.identifier!=null) {
-            val targetStmt = this.identifier.targetVarDecl(namespace)
+            val targetStmt = this.identifier!!.targetVarDecl(namespace)
             if(targetStmt!=null)
                 return targetStmt.type!= VarDeclType.MEMORY
         }
@@ -406,7 +434,7 @@ data class AssignTarget(val register: Register?,
     }
 }
 
-class PostIncrDecr(var target: AssignTarget, val operator: String, override val position: Position) : IStatement {
+class PostIncrDecr(var target: AssignTarget, val operator: String, override val position: Position) : Statement() {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
     override val expensiveToInline = false
 
@@ -426,7 +454,7 @@ class PostIncrDecr(var target: AssignTarget, val operator: String, override val
 class Jump(val address: Int?,
            val identifier: IdentifierReference?,
            val generatedLabel: String?,             // used in code generation scenarios
-           override val position: Position) : IStatement {
+           override val position: Position) : Statement() {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
     override val expensiveToInline = false
 
@@ -444,16 +472,17 @@ class Jump(val address: Int?,
 }
 
 class FunctionCallStatement(override var target: IdentifierReference,
-                            override var arglist: MutableList<IExpression>,
-                            override val position: Position) : IStatement, IFunctionCall {
+                            override var args: MutableList<Expression>,
+                            val void: Boolean,
+                            override val position: Position) : Statement(), IFunctionCall {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
     override val expensiveToInline
-            get() = arglist.any { it !is LiteralValue }
+            get() = args.any { it !is NumericLiteralValue }
 
     override fun linkParents(parent: Node) {
         this.parent = parent
         target.linkParents(this)
-        arglist.forEach { it.linkParents(this) }
+        args.forEach { it.linkParents(this) }
     }
 
     override fun accept(visitor: IAstModifyingVisitor) = visitor.visit(this)
@@ -464,7 +493,7 @@ class FunctionCallStatement(override var target: IdentifierReference,
     }
 }
 
-class InlineAssembly(val assembly: String, override val position: Position) : IStatement {
+class InlineAssembly(val assembly: String, override val position: Position) : Statement() {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
     override val expensiveToInline = true
 
@@ -476,22 +505,22 @@ class InlineAssembly(val assembly: String, override val position: Position) : IS
     override fun accept(visitor: IAstVisitor) = visitor.visit(this)
 }
 
-class AnonymousScope(override var statements: MutableList<IStatement>,
-                     override val position: Position) : INameScope, IStatement {
+class AnonymousScope(override var statements: MutableList<Statement>,
+                     override val position: Position) : INameScope, Statement() {
     override val name: String
     override lateinit var parent: Node
     override val expensiveToInline
         get() = statements.any { it.expensiveToInline }
 
+    companion object {
+        private var sequenceNumber = 1
+    }
+
     init {
         name = "<anon-$sequenceNumber>"     // make sure it's an invalid soruce code identifier so user source code can never produce it
         sequenceNumber++
     }
 
-    companion object {
-        private var sequenceNumber = 1
-    }
-
     override fun linkParents(parent: Node) {
         this.parent = parent
         statements.forEach { it.linkParents(this) }
@@ -501,7 +530,7 @@ class AnonymousScope(override var statements: MutableList<IStatement>,
     override fun accept(visitor: IAstVisitor) = visitor.visit(this)
 }
 
-class NopStatement(override val position: Position): IStatement {
+class NopStatement(override val position: Position): Statement() {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
     override val expensiveToInline = false
 
@@ -513,7 +542,7 @@ class NopStatement(override val position: Position): IStatement {
     override fun accept(visitor: IAstVisitor) = visitor.visit(this)
 
     companion object {
-        fun insteadOf(stmt: IStatement): NopStatement {
+        fun insteadOf(stmt: Statement): NopStatement {
             val nop = NopStatement(stmt.position)
             nop.parent = stmt.parent
             return nop
@@ -532,8 +561,8 @@ class Subroutine(override val name: String,
                  val asmClobbers: Set<Register>,
                  val asmAddress: Int?,
                  val isAsmSubroutine: Boolean,
-                 override var statements: MutableList<IStatement>,
-                 override val position: Position) : IStatement, INameScope {
+                 override var statements: MutableList<Statement>,
+                 override val position: Position) : Statement(), INameScope {
 
     var keepAlways: Boolean = false
     override val expensiveToInline
@@ -563,40 +592,6 @@ class Subroutine(override val name: String,
             .filter { it is InlineAssembly }
             .map { (it as InlineAssembly).assembly }
             .count { " rti" in it || "\trti" in it || " rts" in it || "\trts" in it || " jmp" in it || "\tjmp" in it }
-
-    val canBeAsmSubroutine =false // TODO disabled for now, see below about problem with converting to asm subroutine
-//            !isAsmSubroutine
-//                    && ((parameters.size == 1 && parameters[0].type in setOf(DataType.BYTE, DataType.UBYTE, DataType.WORD, DataType.UWORD))
-//                    || (parameters.size == 2 && parameters.map { it.type }.all { it == DataType.BYTE || it == DataType.UBYTE }))
-
-    fun intoAsmSubroutine(): Subroutine {
-        // TODO turn subroutine into asm calling convention.   Requires rethinking of how parameters are handled (conflicts with local vardefs now, see AstIdentifierChecker...)
-        return this // TODO
-
-//        println("TO ASM   $this")  // TODO
-//        val paramregs = if (parameters.size == 1 && parameters[0].type in setOf(DataType.BYTE, DataType.UBYTE))
-//            listOf(RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.Y, null, null))
-//        else if (parameters.size == 1 && parameters[0].type in setOf(DataType.WORD, DataType.UWORD))
-//            listOf(RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.AY, null, null))
-//        else if (parameters.size == 2 && parameters.map { it.type }.all { it == DataType.BYTE || it == DataType.UBYTE })
-//            listOf(RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.A, null, null), RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.Y, null, null))
-//        else throw FatalAstException("cannot convert subroutine to asm parameters")
-//
-//        val asmsub=Subroutine(
-//                name,
-//                parameters,
-//                returntypes,
-//                paramregs,
-//                emptyList(),
-//                emptySet(),
-//                null,
-//                true,
-//                statements,
-//                position
-//        )
-//        asmsub.linkParents(parent)
-//        return asmsub
-    }
 }
 
 open class SubroutineParameter(val name: String,
@@ -609,10 +604,10 @@ open class SubroutineParameter(val name: String,
     }
 }
 
-class IfStatement(var condition: IExpression,
+class IfStatement(var condition: Expression,
                   var truepart: AnonymousScope,
                   var elsepart: AnonymousScope,
-                  override val position: Position) : IStatement {
+                  override val position: Position) : Statement() {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
     override val expensiveToInline: Boolean
         get() = truepart.expensiveToInline || elsepart.expensiveToInline
@@ -631,7 +626,7 @@ class IfStatement(var condition: IExpression,
 class BranchStatement(var condition: BranchCondition,
                       var truepart: AnonymousScope,
                       var elsepart: AnonymousScope,
-                      override val position: Position) : IStatement {
+                      override val position: Position) : Statement() {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
     override val expensiveToInline: Boolean
         get() = truepart.expensiveToInline || elsepart.expensiveToInline
@@ -647,18 +642,16 @@ class BranchStatement(var condition: BranchCondition,
 }
 
 class ForLoop(val loopRegister: Register?,
-              val decltype: DataType?,
-              val zeropage: ZeropageWish,
-              val loopVar: IdentifierReference?,
-              var iterable: IExpression,
+              var loopVar: IdentifierReference?,
+              var iterable: Expression,
               var body: AnonymousScope,
-              override val position: Position) : IStatement {
+              override val position: Position) : Statement() {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
     override val expensiveToInline = true
 
     override fun linkParents(parent: Node) {
         this.parent=parent
-        loopVar?.linkParents(if(decltype==null) this else body)
+        loopVar?.linkParents(this)
         iterable.linkParents(this)
         body.linkParents(this)
     }
@@ -669,15 +662,11 @@ class ForLoop(val loopRegister: Register?,
     override fun toString(): String {
         return "ForLoop(loopVar: $loopVar, loopReg: $loopRegister, iterable: $iterable, pos=$position)"
     }
-
-    companion object {
-        const val iteratorLoopcounterVarname = "prog8forloopcounter"
-    }
 }
 
-class WhileLoop(var condition: IExpression,
+class WhileLoop(var condition: Expression,
                 var body: AnonymousScope,
-                override val position: Position) : IStatement {
+                override val position: Position) : Statement() {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
     override val expensiveToInline = true
 
@@ -692,8 +681,8 @@ class WhileLoop(var condition: IExpression,
 }
 
 class RepeatLoop(var body: AnonymousScope,
-                 var untilCondition: IExpression,
-                 override val position: Position) : IStatement {
+                 var untilCondition: Expression,
+                 override val position: Position) : Statement() {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
     override val expensiveToInline = true
 
@@ -707,9 +696,9 @@ class RepeatLoop(var body: AnonymousScope,
     override fun accept(visitor: IAstVisitor) = visitor.visit(this)
 }
 
-class WhenStatement(val condition: IExpression,
-                    val choices: MutableList<WhenChoice>,
-                    override val position: Position): IStatement {
+class WhenStatement(var condition: Expression,
+                    var choices: MutableList<WhenChoice>,
+                    override val position: Position): Statement() {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
     override val expensiveToInline: Boolean = true
 
@@ -726,7 +715,7 @@ class WhenStatement(val condition: IExpression,
             if(choice.values==null)
                 result.add(null to choice)
             else {
-                val values = choice.values.map { it.constValue(program)?.asNumericValue?.toInt() }
+                val values = choice.values!!.map { it.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt() }
                 if(values.contains(null))
                     result.add(null to choice)
                 else
@@ -740,8 +729,8 @@ class WhenStatement(val condition: IExpression,
     override fun accept(visitor: IAstModifyingVisitor) = visitor.visit(this)
 }
 
-class WhenChoice(val values: List<IExpression>?,           // if null,  this is the 'else' part
-                 val statements: AnonymousScope,
+class WhenChoice(var values: List<Expression>?,           // if null,  this is the 'else' part
+                 var statements: AnonymousScope,
                  override val position: Position) : Node {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
 
@@ -761,8 +750,8 @@ class WhenChoice(val values: List<IExpression>?,           // if null,  this is
 
 
 class StructDecl(override val name: String,
-                 override var statements: MutableList<IStatement>,      // actually, only vardecls here
-                 override val position: Position): IStatement, INameScope {
+                 override var statements: MutableList<Statement>,      // actually, only vardecls here
+                 override val position: Position): Statement(), INameScope {
 
     override lateinit var parent: Node
     override val expensiveToInline: Boolean = true
@@ -774,25 +763,14 @@ class StructDecl(override val name: String,
 
     val numberOfElements: Int
         get() = this.statements.size
-    val memorySize: Int
-        get() = this.statements.map {
-            val decl = it as VarDecl
-            when {
-                decl.datatype in ByteDatatypes -> 8
-                decl.datatype in WordDatatypes -> 16
-                decl.datatype==DataType.FLOAT -> MachineDefinition.Mflpt5.MemorySize
-                decl.datatype in StringDatatypes -> TODO("stringvalue size")
-                decl.datatype in ArrayDatatypes -> decl.arraysize!!.size()!!
-                decl.datatype==DataType.STRUCT -> decl.struct!!.memorySize
-                else -> throw FatalAstException("can't get size for $decl")
-            }
-        }.sum()
 
     override fun accept(visitor: IAstVisitor) = visitor.visit(this)
     override fun accept(visitor: IAstModifyingVisitor) = visitor.visit(this)
+
+    fun nameOfFirstMember() = (statements.first() as VarDecl).name
 }
 
-class DirectMemoryWrite(var addressExpression: IExpression, override val position: Position) : Node {
+class DirectMemoryWrite(var addressExpression: Expression, override val position: Position) : Node {
     override lateinit var parent: Node
 
     override fun linkParents(parent: Node) {
@@ -807,4 +785,3 @@ class DirectMemoryWrite(var addressExpression: IExpression, override val positio
     fun accept(visitor: IAstVisitor) = visitor.visit(this)
     fun accept(visitor: IAstModifyingVisitor) = visitor.visit(this)
 }
-

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/AssemblyError.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package prog8.compiler
+
+internal class AssemblyError(msg: String) : RuntimeException(msg)

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/Main.kt

@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 package prog8.compiler
 
+import prog8.ast.AstToSourceCode
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.base.checkIdentifiers
-import prog8.ast.base.checkValid
-import prog8.ast.base.reorderStatements
 import prog8.ast.statements.Directive
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.AsmGen
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.MachineDefinition
+import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
 import prog8.optimizer.constantFold
 import prog8.optimizer.optimizeStatements
 import prog8.optimizer.simplifyExpressions
@@ -15,20 +12,26 @@ import prog8.parser.ParsingFailedError
 import prog8.parser.importLibraryModule
 import prog8.parser.importModule
 import prog8.parser.moduleName
-import java.io.File
-import java.io.PrintStream
-import java.lang.Exception
 import java.nio.file.Path
-import kotlin.system.exitProcess
 import kotlin.system.measureTimeMillis
 
+
+class CompilationResult(val success: Boolean,
+                        val programAst: Program,
+                        val programName: String,
+                        val importedFiles: List<Path>)
+
+
 fun compileProgram(filepath: Path,
-                   optimize: Boolean, optimizeInlining: Boolean,
-                   generateVmCode: Boolean, writeVmCode: Boolean,
-                   writeAssembly: Boolean): Pair<Program, String?> {
+                   optimize: Boolean,
+                   writeAssembly: Boolean,
+                   outputDir: Path): CompilationResult {
     lateinit var programAst: Program
     var programName: String? = null
 
+    var importedFiles: List<Path> = emptyList()
+    var success=false
+
     try {
         val totalTime = measureTimeMillis {
             // import main module and everything it needs
@@ -36,6 +39,8 @@ fun compileProgram(filepath: Path,
             programAst = Program(moduleName(filepath.fileName), mutableListOf())
             importModule(programAst, filepath)
 
+            importedFiles = programAst.modules.filter { !it.source.startsWith("@embedded@") }.map{ it.source }
+
             val compilerOptions = determineCompilationOptions(programAst)
             if (compilerOptions.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC && compilerOptions.output != OutputType.PRG)
                 throw ParsingFailedError("${programAst.modules.first().position} BASIC launcher requires output type PRG.")
@@ -64,7 +69,8 @@ fun compileProgram(filepath: Path,
             //println(" time2: $time2")
             val time3 = measureTimeMillis {
                 programAst.removeNopsFlattenAnonScopes()
-                programAst.reorderStatements()     // reorder statements and add type casts, to please the compiler later
+                programAst.reorderStatements()
+                programAst.addTypecasts()
             }
             //println(" time3: $time3")
             val time4 = measureTimeMillis {
@@ -79,42 +85,28 @@ fun compileProgram(filepath: Path,
                 while (true) {
                     // keep optimizing expressions and statements until no more steps remain
                     val optsDone1 = programAst.simplifyExpressions()
-                    val optsDone2 = programAst.optimizeStatements(optimizeInlining)
+                    val optsDone2 = programAst.optimizeStatements()
                     if (optsDone1 + optsDone2 == 0)
                         break
                 }
             }
 
+            programAst.addTypecasts()
             programAst.removeNopsFlattenAnonScopes()
             programAst.checkValid(compilerOptions)          // check if final tree is valid
             programAst.checkRecursion()         // check if there are recursive subroutine calls
 
             // printAst(programAst)
-            // namespace.debugPrint()
-
-            if(generateVmCode) {
-                // compile the syntax tree into stackvmProg form, and optimize that
-                val compiler = Compiler(programAst)
-                val intermediate = compiler.compile(compilerOptions)
-                if (optimize)
-                    intermediate.optimize()
-
-                if (writeVmCode) {
-                    val stackVmFilename = intermediate.name + ".vm.txt"
-                    val stackvmFile = PrintStream(File(stackVmFilename), "utf-8")
-                    intermediate.writeCode(stackvmFile)
-                    stackvmFile.close()
-                    println("StackVM program code written to '$stackVmFilename'")
-                }
 
             if(writeAssembly) {
-                    val zeropage = MachineDefinition.C64Zeropage(compilerOptions)
-                    intermediate.allocateZeropage(zeropage)
-                    val assembly = AsmGen(compilerOptions, intermediate, programAst.heap, zeropage).compileToAssembly(optimize)
+                // asm generation directly from the Ast, no need for intermediate code
+                val zeropage = CompilationTarget.machine.getZeropage(compilerOptions)
+                programAst.anonscopeVarsCleanup()
+                val assembly = CompilationTarget.asmGenerator(programAst, zeropage, compilerOptions, outputDir).compileToAssembly(optimize)
                 assembly.assemble(compilerOptions)
                 programName = assembly.name
             }
-            }
+            success = true
         }
         println("\nTotal compilation+assemble time: ${totalTime / 1000.0} sec.")
 
@@ -122,12 +114,10 @@ fun compileProgram(filepath: Path,
         System.err.print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
         System.err.println(px.message)
         System.err.print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
-        exitProcess(1)
     } catch (ax: AstException) {
         System.err.print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
         System.err.println(ax.toString())
         System.err.print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
-        exitProcess(1)
     } catch (x: Exception) {
         print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
         println("\n* internal error *")
@@ -141,12 +131,12 @@ fun compileProgram(filepath: Path,
         System.out.flush()
         throw x
     }
-    return Pair(programAst, programName)
+    return CompilationResult(success, programAst, programName ?: "", importedFiles)
 }
 
 fun printAst(programAst: Program) {
     println()
-    val printer = AstToSourceCode(::print)
+    val printer = AstToSourceCode(::print, programAst)
     printer.visit(programAst)
     println()
 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/Zeropage.kt

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package prog8.compiler
 
 import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.base.printWarning
 
 
 class ZeropageDepletedError(message: String) : Exception(message)
@@ -14,11 +13,14 @@ abstract class Zeropage(protected val options: CompilationOptions) {
 
     val allowedDatatypes = NumericDatatypes
 
-    fun available() = free.size
+    fun available() = if(options.zeropage==ZeropageType.DONTUSE) 0 else free.size
 
     fun allocate(scopedname: String, datatype: DataType, position: Position?): Int {
         assert(scopedname.isEmpty() || !allocations.values.any { it.first==scopedname } ) {"isSameAs scopedname can't be allocated twice"}
 
+        if(options.zeropage==ZeropageType.DONTUSE)
+            throw CompilerException("zero page usage has been disabled")
+
         val size =
                 when (datatype) {
                     in ByteDatatypes -> 1

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/intermediate/Instruction.kt

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.compiler.intermediate
-
-import prog8.vm.RuntimeValue
-import prog8.vm.stackvm.Syscall
-
-open class Instruction(val opcode: Opcode,
-                       val arg: RuntimeValue? = null,
-                       val arg2: RuntimeValue? = null,
-                       val callLabel: String? = null,
-                       val callLabel2: String? = null)
-{
-    var branchAddress: Int? = null
-
-    override fun toString(): String {
-        val argStr = arg?.toString() ?: ""
-        val result =
-                when {
-                    opcode==Opcode.LINE -> "_line  $callLabel"
-                    opcode==Opcode.INLINE_ASSEMBLY -> {
-                        // inline assembly is not written out (it can't be processed as intermediate language)
-                        // instead, it is converted into a system call that can be intercepted by the vm
-                        if(callLabel!=null)
-                            "syscall  SYSASM.$callLabel\n    return"
-                        else
-                            "inline_assembly"
-                    }
-                    opcode==Opcode.INCLUDE_FILE -> {
-                        "include_file \"$callLabel\" $arg $arg2"
-                    }
-                    opcode==Opcode.SYSCALL -> {
-                        val syscall = Syscall.values().find { it.callNr==arg!!.numericValue() }
-                        "syscall  $syscall"
-                    }
-                    opcode in opcodesWithVarArgument -> {
-                        // opcodes that manipulate a variable
-                        "${opcode.name.toLowerCase()}  ${callLabel?:""}  ${callLabel2?:""}".trimEnd()
-                    }
-                    callLabel==null -> "${opcode.name.toLowerCase()}  $argStr"
-                    else -> "${opcode.name.toLowerCase()}  $callLabel  $argStr"
-                }
-                .trimEnd()
-
-        return "    $result"
-    }
-}
-
-class LabelInstr(val name: String, val asmProc: Boolean) : Instruction(Opcode.NOP, null, null) {
-    override fun toString(): String {
-        return "\n$name:"
-    }
-}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/intermediate/IntermediateProgram.kt

@@ -1,559 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.compiler.intermediate
-
-import prog8.ast.antlr.escape
-import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.base.printWarning
-import prog8.ast.expressions.LiteralValue
-import prog8.ast.statements.StructDecl
-import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
-import prog8.ast.statements.ZeropageWish
-import prog8.vm.RuntimeValue
-import prog8.compiler.CompilerException
-import prog8.compiler.HeapValues
-import prog8.compiler.Zeropage
-import prog8.compiler.ZeropageDepletedError
-import java.io.PrintStream
-import java.nio.file.Path
-
-
-class IntermediateProgram(val name: String, var loadAddress: Int, val heap: HeapValues, val source: Path) {
-
-    data class VariableParameters (val zp: ZeropageWish, val memberOfStruct: StructDecl?)
-
-    class ProgramBlock(val name: String,
-                       var address: Int?,
-                       val instructions: MutableList<Instruction> = mutableListOf(),
-                       val variables: MutableList<Triple<String, RuntimeValue, VariableParameters>> = mutableListOf(),           // names are fully scoped
-                       val memoryPointers: MutableMap<String, Pair<Int, DataType>> = mutableMapOf(),
-                       val labels: MutableMap<String, Instruction> = mutableMapOf(),        // names are fully scoped
-                       val force_output: Boolean)
-    {
-        val numVariables: Int
-            get() { return variables.size }
-        val numInstructions: Int
-            get() { return instructions.filter { it.opcode!= Opcode.LINE }.size }
-        val variablesMarkedForZeropage: MutableSet<String> = mutableSetOf()     // TODO maybe this can be removed now we have ValueParameters
-    }
-
-    val allocatedZeropageVariables = mutableMapOf<String, Pair<Int, DataType>>()
-    val blocks = mutableListOf<ProgramBlock>()
-    val memory = mutableMapOf<Int, List<RuntimeValue>>()
-    private lateinit var currentBlock: ProgramBlock
-
-    val numVariables: Int
-        get() = blocks.sumBy { it.numVariables }
-    val numInstructions: Int
-        get() = blocks.sumBy { it.numInstructions }
-
-    fun allocateZeropage(zeropage: Zeropage) {
-        // allocates all @zp marked variables on the zeropage (for all blocks, as long as there is space in the ZP)
-        var notAllocated = 0
-        for(block in blocks) {
-            val zpVariables = block.variables.filter { it.first in block.variablesMarkedForZeropage }
-            if (zpVariables.isNotEmpty()) {
-                for ((varname, value, varparams) in zpVariables) {
-                    if(varparams.zp==ZeropageWish.NOT_IN_ZEROPAGE || varparams.memberOfStruct!=null)
-                        throw CompilerException("zp conflict")
-                    try {
-                        val address = zeropage.allocate(varname, value.type, null)
-                        allocatedZeropageVariables[varname] = Pair(address, value.type)
-                    } catch (x: ZeropageDepletedError) {
-                        printWarning(x.toString() + " variable $varname type ${value.type}")
-                        notAllocated++
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if(notAllocated>0)
-            printWarning("$notAllocated variables marked for Zeropage could not be allocated there")
-    }
-
-    fun optimize() {
-        println("Optimizing stackVM code...")
-        // remove nops (that are not a label)
-        for (blk in blocks) {
-            blk.instructions.removeIf { it.opcode== Opcode.NOP && it !is LabelInstr }
-        }
-
-        optimizeDataConversionAndUselessDiscards()
-        optimizeVariableCopying()
-        optimizeMultipleSequentialLineInstrs()
-        optimizeCallReturnIntoJump()
-        optimizeConditionalBranches()
-        // todo: add more optimizations to intermediate code!
-
-        optimizeRemoveNops()    //  must be done as the last step
-        optimizeMultipleSequentialLineInstrs()      // once more
-        optimizeRemoveNops()    // once more
-    }
-
-    private fun optimizeConditionalBranches() {
-        // conditional branches that consume the value on the stack
-        // sometimes these are just constant values, so we can statically determine the branch
-        // or, they are preceded by a NOT instruction so we can simply remove that and flip the branch condition
-        val pushvalue = setOf(Opcode.PUSH_BYTE, Opcode.PUSH_WORD)
-        val notvalue = setOf(Opcode.NOT_BYTE, Opcode.NOT_WORD)
-        val branchOpcodes = setOf(Opcode.JZ, Opcode.JNZ, Opcode.JZW, Opcode.JNZW)
-        for(blk in blocks) {
-            val instructionsToReplace = mutableMapOf<Int, Instruction>()
-            blk.instructions.asSequence().withIndex().filter {it.value.opcode!=Opcode.LINE}.windowed(2).toList().forEach {
-                if (it[1].value.opcode in branchOpcodes) {
-                    if (it[0].value.opcode in pushvalue) {
-                        val value = it[0].value.arg!!.asBoolean
-                        instructionsToReplace[it[0].index] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                        val replacement: Instruction =
-                                if (value) {
-                                    when (it[1].value.opcode) {
-                                        Opcode.JNZ -> Instruction(Opcode.JUMP, callLabel = it[1].value.callLabel)
-                                        Opcode.JNZW -> Instruction(Opcode.JUMP, callLabel = it[1].value.callLabel)
-                                        else -> Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                                    }
-                                } else {
-                                    when (it[1].value.opcode) {
-                                        Opcode.JZ -> Instruction(Opcode.JUMP, callLabel = it[1].value.callLabel)
-                                        Opcode.JZW -> Instruction(Opcode.JUMP, callLabel = it[1].value.callLabel)
-                                        else -> Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                                    }
-                                }
-                        instructionsToReplace[it[1].index] = replacement
-                    }
-                    else if (it[0].value.opcode in notvalue) {
-                        instructionsToReplace[it[0].index] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                        val replacement: Instruction =
-                                when (it[1].value.opcode) {
-                                    Opcode.JZ -> Instruction(Opcode.JNZ, callLabel = it[1].value.callLabel)
-                                    Opcode.JZW -> Instruction(Opcode.JNZW, callLabel = it[1].value.callLabel)
-                                    Opcode.JNZ -> Instruction(Opcode.JZ, callLabel = it[1].value.callLabel)
-                                    Opcode.JNZW -> Instruction(Opcode.JZW, callLabel = it[1].value.callLabel)
-                                    else -> Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                                }
-                        instructionsToReplace[it[1].index] = replacement
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            for (rins in instructionsToReplace) {
-                blk.instructions[rins.key] = rins.value
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun optimizeRemoveNops() {
-        // remove nops (that are not a label)
-        for (blk in blocks)
-            blk.instructions.removeIf { it.opcode== Opcode.NOP && it !is LabelInstr }
-    }
-
-    private fun optimizeCallReturnIntoJump() {
-        // replaces call X followed by return, by jump X
-        for(blk in blocks) {
-            val instructionsToReplace = mutableMapOf<Int, Instruction>()
-
-            blk.instructions.asSequence().withIndex().filter {it.value.opcode!=Opcode.LINE}.windowed(2).toList().forEach {
-                if(it[0].value.opcode==Opcode.CALL && it[1].value.opcode==Opcode.RETURN) {
-                    instructionsToReplace[it[1].index] = Instruction(Opcode.JUMP, callLabel = it[0].value.callLabel)
-                    instructionsToReplace[it[0].index] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                }
-            }
-
-            for (rins in instructionsToReplace) {
-                blk.instructions[rins.key] = rins.value
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun optimizeMultipleSequentialLineInstrs() {
-        for(blk in blocks) {
-            val instructionsToReplace = mutableMapOf<Int, Instruction>()
-
-            blk.instructions.asSequence().withIndex().windowed(2).toList().forEach {
-                if (it[0].value.opcode == Opcode.LINE && it[1].value.opcode == Opcode.LINE)
-                    instructionsToReplace[it[0].index] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-            }
-
-            for (rins in instructionsToReplace) {
-                blk.instructions[rins.key] = rins.value
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun optimizeVariableCopying() {
-        for(blk in blocks) {
-
-            val instructionsToReplace = mutableMapOf<Int, Instruction>()
-
-            blk.instructions.asSequence().withIndex().windowed(2).toList().forEach {
-                when (it[0].value.opcode) {
-                    Opcode.PUSH_VAR_BYTE ->
-                        if (it[1].value.opcode == Opcode.POP_VAR_BYTE) {
-                            if (it[0].value.callLabel == it[1].value.callLabel) {
-                                instructionsToReplace[it[0].index] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                                instructionsToReplace[it[1].index] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                            }
-                        }
-                    Opcode.PUSH_VAR_WORD ->
-                        if (it[1].value.opcode == Opcode.POP_VAR_WORD) {
-                            if (it[0].value.callLabel == it[1].value.callLabel) {
-                                instructionsToReplace[it[0].index] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                                instructionsToReplace[it[1].index] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                            }
-                        }
-                    Opcode.PUSH_VAR_FLOAT ->
-                        if (it[1].value.opcode == Opcode.POP_VAR_FLOAT) {
-                            if (it[0].value.callLabel == it[1].value.callLabel) {
-                                instructionsToReplace[it[0].index] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                                instructionsToReplace[it[1].index] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                            }
-                        }
-                    Opcode.PUSH_MEM_B, Opcode.PUSH_MEM_UB ->
-                        if(it[1].value.opcode == Opcode.POP_MEM_BYTE) {
-                            if(it[0].value.arg == it[1].value.arg) {
-                                instructionsToReplace[it[0].index] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                                instructionsToReplace[it[1].index] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                            }
-                        }
-                    Opcode.PUSH_MEM_W, Opcode.PUSH_MEM_UW ->
-                        if(it[1].value.opcode == Opcode.POP_MEM_WORD) {
-                            if(it[0].value.arg == it[1].value.arg) {
-                                instructionsToReplace[it[0].index] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                                instructionsToReplace[it[1].index] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                            }
-                        }
-                    Opcode.PUSH_MEM_FLOAT ->
-                        if(it[1].value.opcode == Opcode.POP_MEM_FLOAT) {
-                            if(it[0].value.arg == it[1].value.arg) {
-                                instructionsToReplace[it[0].index] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                                instructionsToReplace[it[1].index] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                            }
-                        }
-                    else -> {}
-                }
-            }
-
-            for (rins in instructionsToReplace) {
-                blk.instructions[rins.key] = rins.value
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun optimizeDataConversionAndUselessDiscards() {
-        // - push value followed by a data type conversion -> push the value in the correct type and remove the conversion
-        // - push something followed by a discard -> remove both
-        val instructionsToReplace = mutableMapOf<Int, Instruction>()
-
-        fun optimizeDiscardAfterPush(index0: Int, index1: Int, ins1: Instruction) {
-            if (ins1.opcode == Opcode.DISCARD_FLOAT || ins1.opcode == Opcode.DISCARD_WORD || ins1.opcode == Opcode.DISCARD_BYTE) {
-                instructionsToReplace[index0] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                instructionsToReplace[index1] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-            }
-        }
-
-        fun optimizeFloatConversion(index0: Int, index1: Int, ins1: Instruction) {
-            when (ins1.opcode) {
-                Opcode.DISCARD_FLOAT -> {
-                    instructionsToReplace[index0] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                    instructionsToReplace[index1] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                }
-                Opcode.DISCARD_BYTE, Opcode.DISCARD_WORD -> throw CompilerException("invalid discard type following a float")
-                else -> throw CompilerException("invalid conversion opcode ${ins1.opcode} following a float")
-            }
-        }
-
-        fun optimizeWordConversion(index0: Int, ins0: Instruction, index1: Int, ins1: Instruction) {
-            when (ins1.opcode) {
-                Opcode.CAST_UW_TO_B, Opcode.CAST_W_TO_B -> {
-                    val ins = Instruction(Opcode.PUSH_BYTE, ins0.arg!!.cast(DataType.BYTE))
-                    instructionsToReplace[index0] = ins
-                    instructionsToReplace[index1] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                }
-                Opcode.CAST_W_TO_UB, Opcode.CAST_UW_TO_UB -> {
-                    val ins = Instruction(Opcode.PUSH_BYTE, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, ins0.arg!!.integerValue() and 255))
-                    instructionsToReplace[index0] = ins
-                    instructionsToReplace[index1] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                }
-                Opcode.MSB -> {
-                    val ins = Instruction(Opcode.PUSH_BYTE, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, ins0.arg!!.integerValue() ushr 8 and 255))
-                    instructionsToReplace[index0] = ins
-                    instructionsToReplace[index1] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                }
-                Opcode.CAST_W_TO_F, Opcode.CAST_UW_TO_F -> {
-                    val ins = Instruction(Opcode.PUSH_FLOAT, RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, ins0.arg!!.integerValue().toDouble()))
-                    instructionsToReplace[index0] = ins
-                    instructionsToReplace[index1] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                }
-                Opcode.CAST_UW_TO_W -> {
-                    val cv = ins0.arg!!.cast(DataType.WORD)
-                    instructionsToReplace[index0] = Instruction(Opcode.PUSH_WORD, cv)
-                    instructionsToReplace[index1] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                }
-                Opcode.CAST_W_TO_UW -> {
-                    val cv = ins0.arg!!.cast(DataType.UWORD)
-                    instructionsToReplace[index0] = Instruction(Opcode.PUSH_WORD, cv)
-                    instructionsToReplace[index1] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                }
-                Opcode.DISCARD_WORD -> {
-                    instructionsToReplace[index0] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                    instructionsToReplace[index1] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                }
-                Opcode.DISCARD_BYTE, Opcode.DISCARD_FLOAT -> throw CompilerException("invalid discard type following a byte")
-                else -> throw CompilerException("invalid conversion opcode ${ins1.opcode} following a word")
-            }
-        }
-
-        fun optimizeByteConversion(index0: Int, ins0: Instruction, index1: Int, ins1: Instruction) {
-            when (ins1.opcode) {
-                Opcode.CAST_B_TO_UB, Opcode.CAST_UB_TO_B,
-                Opcode.CAST_W_TO_B, Opcode.CAST_W_TO_UB,
-                Opcode.CAST_UW_TO_B, Opcode.CAST_UW_TO_UB -> instructionsToReplace[index1] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                Opcode.MSB -> throw CompilerException("msb of a byte")
-                Opcode.CAST_UB_TO_UW -> {
-                    val ins = Instruction(Opcode.PUSH_WORD, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, ins0.arg!!.integerValue()))
-                    instructionsToReplace[index0] = ins
-                    instructionsToReplace[index1] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                }
-                Opcode.CAST_B_TO_W -> {
-                    val ins = Instruction(Opcode.PUSH_WORD, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, ins0.arg!!.integerValue()))
-                    instructionsToReplace[index0] = ins
-                    instructionsToReplace[index1] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                }
-                Opcode.CAST_B_TO_UW -> {
-                    val ins = Instruction(Opcode.PUSH_WORD, ins0.arg!!.cast(DataType.UWORD))
-                    instructionsToReplace[index0] = ins
-                    instructionsToReplace[index1] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                }
-                Opcode.CAST_UB_TO_W -> {
-                    val ins = Instruction(Opcode.PUSH_WORD, ins0.arg!!.cast(DataType.WORD))
-                    instructionsToReplace[index0] = ins
-                    instructionsToReplace[index1] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                }
-                Opcode.CAST_B_TO_F, Opcode.CAST_UB_TO_F-> {
-                    val ins = Instruction(Opcode.PUSH_FLOAT, RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, ins0.arg!!.integerValue().toDouble()))
-                    instructionsToReplace[index0] = ins
-                    instructionsToReplace[index1] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                }
-                Opcode.CAST_W_TO_F, Opcode.CAST_UW_TO_F-> throw CompilerException("invalid conversion following a byte")
-                Opcode.DISCARD_BYTE -> {
-                    instructionsToReplace[index0] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                    instructionsToReplace[index1] = Instruction(Opcode.NOP)
-                }
-                Opcode.DISCARD_WORD, Opcode.DISCARD_FLOAT -> throw CompilerException("invalid discard type following a byte")
-                Opcode.MKWORD -> {}
-                else -> throw CompilerException("invalid conversion opcode ${ins1.opcode}")
-            }
-        }
-
-        for(blk in blocks) {
-            instructionsToReplace.clear()
-
-            val typeConversionOpcodes = setOf(
-                    Opcode.MSB,
-                    Opcode.MKWORD,
-                    Opcode.CAST_UB_TO_B,
-                    Opcode.CAST_UB_TO_UW,
-                    Opcode.CAST_UB_TO_W,
-                    Opcode.CAST_UB_TO_F,
-                    Opcode.CAST_B_TO_UB,
-                    Opcode.CAST_B_TO_UW,
-                    Opcode.CAST_B_TO_W,
-                    Opcode.CAST_B_TO_F,
-                    Opcode.CAST_UW_TO_UB,
-                    Opcode.CAST_UW_TO_B,
-                    Opcode.CAST_UW_TO_W,
-                    Opcode.CAST_UW_TO_F,
-                    Opcode.CAST_W_TO_UB,
-                    Opcode.CAST_W_TO_B,
-                    Opcode.CAST_W_TO_UW,
-                    Opcode.CAST_W_TO_F,
-                    Opcode.CAST_F_TO_UB,
-                    Opcode.CAST_F_TO_B,
-                    Opcode.CAST_F_TO_UW,
-                    Opcode.CAST_F_TO_W,
-                    Opcode.DISCARD_BYTE,
-                    Opcode.DISCARD_WORD,
-                    Opcode.DISCARD_FLOAT
-            )
-            blk.instructions.asSequence().withIndex().windowed(2).toList().forEach {
-                if (it[1].value.opcode in typeConversionOpcodes) {
-                    when (it[0].value.opcode) {
-                        Opcode.PUSH_BYTE -> optimizeByteConversion(it[0].index, it[0].value, it[1].index, it[1].value)
-                        Opcode.PUSH_WORD -> optimizeWordConversion(it[0].index, it[0].value, it[1].index, it[1].value)
-                        Opcode.PUSH_FLOAT -> optimizeFloatConversion(it[0].index, it[1].index, it[1].value)
-                        Opcode.PUSH_VAR_FLOAT,
-                        Opcode.PUSH_VAR_WORD,
-                        Opcode.PUSH_VAR_BYTE,
-                        Opcode.PUSH_MEM_B, Opcode.PUSH_MEM_UB,
-                        Opcode.PUSH_MEM_W, Opcode.PUSH_MEM_UW,
-                        Opcode.PUSH_MEM_FLOAT -> optimizeDiscardAfterPush(it[0].index, it[1].index, it[1].value)
-                        else -> {
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            for (rins in instructionsToReplace) {
-                blk.instructions[rins.key] = rins.value
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun variable(scopedname: String, decl: VarDecl) {
-        when(decl.type) {
-            VarDeclType.VAR -> {
-                // var decls that are defined inside of a StructDecl are skipped in the output
-                //   because every occurrence of the members will have a separate mangled vardecl for that occurrence
-                if(decl.parent is StructDecl)
-                    return
-
-                val valueparams = VariableParameters(decl.zeropage, decl.struct)
-                val value = when(decl.datatype) {
-                    in NumericDatatypes -> {
-                        RuntimeValue(decl.datatype, (decl.value as LiteralValue).asNumericValue!!)
-                    }
-                    in StringDatatypes -> {
-                        val litval = (decl.value as LiteralValue)
-                        if(litval.heapId==null)
-                            throw CompilerException("string should already be in the heap")
-                        RuntimeValue(decl.datatype, heapId = litval.heapId)
-                    }
-                    in ArrayDatatypes -> {
-                        val litval = (decl.value as LiteralValue)
-                        if(litval.heapId==null)
-                            throw CompilerException("array should already be in the heap")
-                        RuntimeValue(decl.datatype, heapId = litval.heapId)
-                    }
-                    DataType.STRUCT -> {
-                        // struct variables have been flattened already
-                        return
-                    }
-                    else -> throw CompilerException("weird datatype")
-                }
-                currentBlock.variables.add(Triple(scopedname, value, valueparams))
-                if(decl.zeropage==ZeropageWish.PREFER_ZEROPAGE)
-                    currentBlock.variablesMarkedForZeropage.add(scopedname)
-                else if(decl.zeropage==ZeropageWish.REQUIRE_ZEROPAGE)
-                    TODO("REQUIRE_ZEROPAGE not yet implemented")
-            }
-            VarDeclType.MEMORY -> {
-                // note that constants are all folded away, but assembly code may still refer to them
-                val lv = decl.value as LiteralValue
-                if(lv.type!= DataType.UWORD && lv.type!= DataType.UBYTE)
-                    throw CompilerException("expected integer memory address $lv")
-                currentBlock.memoryPointers[scopedname] = Pair(lv.asIntegerValue!!, decl.datatype)
-            }
-            VarDeclType.CONST -> {
-                // note that constants are all folded away, but assembly code may still refer to them (if their integers)
-                // floating point constants are not generated at all!!
-                val lv = decl.value as LiteralValue
-                if(lv.type in IntegerDatatypes)
-                    currentBlock.memoryPointers[scopedname] = Pair(lv.asIntegerValue!!, decl.datatype)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun instr(opcode: Opcode, arg: RuntimeValue? = null, arg2: RuntimeValue? = null, callLabel: String? = null, callLabel2: String? = null) {
-        currentBlock.instructions.add(Instruction(opcode, arg, arg2, callLabel, callLabel2))
-    }
-
-    fun label(labelname: String, asmProc: Boolean=false) {
-        val instr = LabelInstr(labelname, asmProc)
-        currentBlock.instructions.add(instr)
-        currentBlock.labels[labelname] = instr
-    }
-
-    fun line(position: Position) {
-        currentBlock.instructions.add(Instruction(Opcode.LINE, callLabel = "${position.line} ${position.file}"))
-    }
-
-    fun removeLastInstruction() {
-        currentBlock.instructions.removeAt(currentBlock.instructions.lastIndex)
-    }
-
-    fun memoryPointer(name: String, address: Int, datatype: DataType) {
-        currentBlock.memoryPointers[name] = Pair(address, datatype)
-    }
-
-    fun newBlock(name: String, address: Int?, options: Set<String>) {
-        currentBlock = ProgramBlock(name, address, force_output="force_output" in options)
-        blocks.add(currentBlock)
-    }
-
-    fun writeCode(out: PrintStream, embeddedLabels: Boolean=true) {
-        out.println("; stackVM program code for '$name'")
-        writeMemory(out)
-        writeHeap(out)
-        for(blk in blocks) {
-            writeBlock(out, blk, embeddedLabels)
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun writeHeap(out: PrintStream) {
-        out.println("%heap")
-        heap.allEntries().forEach {
-            out.print("${it.key}  ${it.value.type.name.toLowerCase()}  ")
-            when {
-                it.value.str!=null ->
-                    out.println("\"${escape(it.value.str!!)}\"")
-                it.value.array!=null -> {
-                    // this array can contain both normal integers, and pointer values
-                    val arrayvalues = it.value.array!!.map { av ->
-                        when {
-                            av.integer!=null -> av.integer.toString()
-                            av.addressOf!=null -> {
-                                if(av.addressOf.scopedname==null)
-                                    throw CompilerException("AddressOf scopedname should have been set")
-                                else
-                                    "&${av.addressOf.scopedname}"
-                            }
-                            else -> throw CompilerException("weird array value")
-                        }
-                    }
-                    out.println(arrayvalues)
-                }
-                it.value.doubleArray!=null ->
-                    out.println(it.value.doubleArray!!.toList())
-                else -> throw CompilerException("invalid heap entry $it")
-            }
-        }
-        out.println("%end_heap")
-    }
-
-    private fun writeBlock(out: PrintStream, blk: ProgramBlock, embeddedLabels: Boolean) {
-        out.println("\n%block ${blk.name} ${blk.address?.toString(16) ?: ""}")
-
-        out.println("%variables")
-        for ((vname, value, parameters) in blk.variables) {
-            if(parameters.zp==ZeropageWish.REQUIRE_ZEROPAGE)
-                throw CompilerException("zp conflict")
-            val valuestr = value.toString()
-            val struct =  if(parameters.memberOfStruct==null) "" else "struct=${parameters.memberOfStruct.name}"
-            out.println("$vname  ${value.type.name.toLowerCase()}  $valuestr  zp=${parameters.zp} $struct")
-        }
-        out.println("%end_variables")
-        out.println("%memorypointers")
-        for (iconst in blk.memoryPointers) {
-            out.println("${iconst.key}  ${iconst.value.second.name.toLowerCase()}  uw:${iconst.value.first.toString(16)}")
-        }
-        out.println("%end_memorypointers")
-        out.println("%instructions")
-        val labels = blk.labels.entries.associateBy({ it.value }) { it.key }
-        for (instr in blk.instructions) {
-            if (!embeddedLabels) {
-                val label = labels[instr]
-                if (label != null)
-                    out.println("$label:")
-            } else {
-                out.println(instr)
-            }
-        }
-        out.println("%end_instructions")
-
-        out.println("%end_block")
-    }
-
-    private fun writeMemory(out: PrintStream) {
-        out.println("%memory")
-        if (memory.isNotEmpty())
-            TODO("add support for writing/reading initial memory values")
-        out.println("%end_memory")
-    }
-}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/intermediate/Opcode.kt

@@ -1,291 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.compiler.intermediate
-
-enum class Opcode {
-
-    // pushing values on the (evaluation) stack
-    PUSH_BYTE,       // push byte value
-    PUSH_WORD,       // push word value   (or 'address' of string / array)
-    PUSH_FLOAT,      // push float value
-    PUSH_MEM_B,      // push byte value from memory to stack
-    PUSH_MEM_UB,     // push unsigned byte value from memory to stack
-    PUSH_MEM_W,      // push word value from memory to stack
-    PUSH_MEM_UW,     // push unsigned word value from memory to stack
-    PUSH_MEM_FLOAT,  // push float value from memory to stack
-    PUSH_MEMREAD,    // push memory value from address that's on the stack
-    PUSH_VAR_BYTE,   // push byte variable (ubyte, byte)
-    PUSH_VAR_WORD,   // push word variable (uword, word)
-    PUSH_VAR_FLOAT,  // push float variable
-    PUSH_REGAX_WORD, // push registers A/X as a 16-bit word
-    PUSH_REGAY_WORD, // push registers A/Y as a 16-bit word
-    PUSH_REGXY_WORD, // push registers X/Y as a 16-bit word
-    PUSH_ADDR_HEAPVAR,  // push the address of the variable that's on the heap (string or array)
-    DUP_B,          // duplicate the top byte on the stack
-    DUP_W,          // duplicate the top word on the stack
-
-    // popping values off the (evaluation) stack, possibly storing them in another location
-    DISCARD_BYTE,    // discard top byte value
-    DISCARD_WORD,    // discard top word value
-    DISCARD_FLOAT,   // discard top float value
-    POP_MEM_BYTE,    // pop (u)byte value into destination memory address
-    POP_MEM_WORD,    // pop (u)word value into destination memory address
-    POP_MEM_FLOAT,   // pop float value into destination memory address
-    POP_MEMWRITE,    // pop address and byte stack and write the byte to the memory address
-    POP_VAR_BYTE,    // pop (u)byte value into variable
-    POP_VAR_WORD,    // pop (u)word value into variable
-    POP_VAR_FLOAT,   // pop float value into variable
-    POP_REGAX_WORD,  // pop uword from stack into A/X registers
-    POP_REGAY_WORD,  // pop uword from stack into A/Y registers
-    POP_REGXY_WORD,  // pop uword from stack into X/Y registers
-
-    // numeric arithmetic
-    ADD_UB,
-    ADD_B,
-    ADD_UW,
-    ADD_W,
-    ADD_F,
-    SUB_UB,
-    SUB_B,
-    SUB_UW,
-    SUB_W,
-    SUB_F,
-    MUL_UB,
-    MUL_B,
-    MUL_UW,
-    MUL_W,
-    MUL_F,
-    IDIV_UB,
-    IDIV_B,
-    IDIV_UW,
-    IDIV_W,
-    DIV_F,
-    REMAINDER_UB,   // signed remainder is undefined/unimplemented
-    REMAINDER_UW,   // signed remainder is undefined/unimplemented
-    POW_F,
-    NEG_B,
-    NEG_W,
-    NEG_F,
-    ABS_B,
-    ABS_W,
-    ABS_F,
-
-    // bit shifts and bitwise arithmetic
-    SHIFTEDL_BYTE,      // shifts stack value rather than in-place mem/var
-    SHIFTEDL_WORD,      // shifts stack value rather than in-place mem/var
-    SHIFTEDR_UBYTE,     // shifts stack value rather than in-place mem/var
-    SHIFTEDR_SBYTE,     // shifts stack value rather than in-place mem/var
-    SHIFTEDR_UWORD,     // shifts stack value rather than in-place mem/var
-    SHIFTEDR_SWORD,     // shifts stack value rather than in-place mem/var
-    SHL_BYTE,
-    SHL_WORD,
-    SHL_MEM_BYTE,
-    SHL_MEM_WORD,
-    SHL_VAR_BYTE,
-    SHL_VAR_WORD,
-    SHR_UBYTE,
-    SHR_SBYTE,
-    SHR_UWORD,
-    SHR_SWORD,
-    SHR_MEM_UBYTE,
-    SHR_MEM_SBYTE,
-    SHR_MEM_UWORD,
-    SHR_MEM_SWORD,
-    SHR_VAR_UBYTE,
-    SHR_VAR_SBYTE,
-    SHR_VAR_UWORD,
-    SHR_VAR_SWORD,
-    ROL_BYTE,
-    ROL_WORD,
-    ROL_MEM_BYTE,
-    ROL_MEM_WORD,
-    ROL_VAR_BYTE,
-    ROL_VAR_WORD,
-    ROR_BYTE,
-    ROR_WORD,
-    ROR_MEM_BYTE,
-    ROR_MEM_WORD,
-    ROR_VAR_BYTE,
-    ROR_VAR_WORD,
-    ROL2_BYTE,
-    ROL2_WORD,
-    ROL2_MEM_BYTE,
-    ROL2_MEM_WORD,
-    ROL2_VAR_BYTE,
-    ROL2_VAR_WORD,
-    ROR2_BYTE,
-    ROR2_WORD,
-    ROR2_MEM_BYTE,
-    ROR2_MEM_WORD,
-    ROR2_VAR_BYTE,
-    ROR2_VAR_WORD,
-    BITAND_BYTE,
-    BITAND_WORD,
-    BITOR_BYTE,
-    BITOR_WORD,
-    BITXOR_BYTE,
-    BITXOR_WORD,
-    INV_BYTE,
-    INV_WORD,
-
-    // numeric type conversions
-    MSB,        // note: lsb is equivalent to  CAST_UW_TO_UB  or CAST_W_TO_UB
-    MKWORD,        // create a word from lsb + msb
-    CAST_UB_TO_B,
-    CAST_UB_TO_UW,
-    CAST_UB_TO_W,
-    CAST_UB_TO_F,
-    CAST_B_TO_UB,
-    CAST_B_TO_UW,
-    CAST_B_TO_W,
-    CAST_B_TO_F,
-    CAST_W_TO_UB,
-    CAST_W_TO_B,
-    CAST_W_TO_UW,
-    CAST_W_TO_F,
-    CAST_UW_TO_UB,
-    CAST_UW_TO_B,
-    CAST_UW_TO_W,
-    CAST_UW_TO_F,
-    CAST_F_TO_UB,
-    CAST_F_TO_B,
-    CAST_F_TO_UW,
-    CAST_F_TO_W,
-
-    // logical operations
-    AND_BYTE,
-    AND_WORD,
-    OR_BYTE,
-    OR_WORD,
-    XOR_BYTE,
-    XOR_WORD,
-    NOT_BYTE,
-    NOT_WORD,
-
-    // increment, decrement
-    INC_VAR_B,
-    INC_VAR_UB,
-    INC_VAR_W,
-    INC_VAR_UW,
-    INC_VAR_F,
-    DEC_VAR_B,
-    DEC_VAR_UB,
-    DEC_VAR_W,
-    DEC_VAR_UW,
-    DEC_VAR_F,
-    INC_MEMORY,             // increment direct address
-    DEC_MEMORY,             // decrement direct address
-    POP_INC_MEMORY,         // increment address from stack
-    POP_DEC_MEMORY,         // decrement address from address
-
-    // comparisons
-    LESS_B,
-    LESS_UB,
-    LESS_W,
-    LESS_UW,
-    LESS_F,
-    GREATER_B,
-    GREATER_UB,
-    GREATER_W,
-    GREATER_UW,
-    GREATER_F,
-    LESSEQ_B,
-    LESSEQ_UB,
-    LESSEQ_W,
-    LESSEQ_UW,
-    LESSEQ_F,
-    GREATEREQ_B,
-    GREATEREQ_UB,
-    GREATEREQ_W,
-    GREATEREQ_UW,
-    GREATEREQ_F,
-    EQUAL_BYTE,
-    EQUAL_WORD,
-    EQUAL_F,
-    NOTEQUAL_BYTE,
-    NOTEQUAL_WORD,
-    NOTEQUAL_F,
-    CMP_B,          // sets processor status flags based on comparison, instead of pushing a result value
-    CMP_UB,         // sets processor status flags based on comparison, instead of pushing a result value
-    CMP_W,          // sets processor status flags based on comparison, instead of pushing a result value
-    CMP_UW,         // sets processor status flags based on comparison, instead of pushing a result value
-
-    // array access and simple manipulations
-    READ_INDEXED_VAR_BYTE,
-    READ_INDEXED_VAR_WORD,
-    READ_INDEXED_VAR_FLOAT,
-    WRITE_INDEXED_VAR_BYTE,
-    WRITE_INDEXED_VAR_WORD,
-    WRITE_INDEXED_VAR_FLOAT,
-    INC_INDEXED_VAR_B,
-    INC_INDEXED_VAR_UB,
-    INC_INDEXED_VAR_W,
-    INC_INDEXED_VAR_UW,
-    INC_INDEXED_VAR_FLOAT,
-    DEC_INDEXED_VAR_B,
-    DEC_INDEXED_VAR_UB,
-    DEC_INDEXED_VAR_W,
-    DEC_INDEXED_VAR_UW,
-    DEC_INDEXED_VAR_FLOAT,
-
-    // branching, without consuming a value from the stack
-    JUMP,
-    BCS,       // branch if carry set
-    BCC,       // branch if carry clear
-    BZ,        // branch if zero flag
-    BNZ,       // branch if not zero flag
-    BNEG,      // branch if negative flag
-    BPOS,      // branch if not negative flag
-    BVS,       // branch if overflow flag
-    BVC,       // branch if not overflow flag
-    // branching, based on value on the stack (which is consumed)
-    JZ,         // branch if value is zero (byte)
-    JNZ,        // branch if value is not zero (byte)
-    JZW,         // branch if value is zero (word)
-    JNZW,        // branch if value is not zero (word)
-
-    // subroutines
-    CALL,
-    RETURN,
-    SYSCALL,
-    START_PROCDEF,
-    END_PROCDEF,
-
-    // misc
-    SEC,        // set carry status flag  NOTE: is mostly fake, carry flag is not affected by any numeric operations
-    CLC,        // clear carry status flag  NOTE: is mostly fake, carry flag is not affected by any numeric operations
-    SEI,        // set irq-disable status flag
-    CLI,        // clear irq-disable status flag
-    CARRY_TO_A, // load var/register A with carry status bit
-    RSAVE,      // save all internal registers and status flags
-    RSAVEX,     // save just X (the evaluation stack pointer)
-    RRESTORE,   // restore all internal registers and status flags
-    RRESTOREX,  // restore just X (the evaluation stack pointer)
-
-    NOP,        // do nothing
-    BREAKPOINT, // breakpoint
-    TERMINATE,  // end the program
-    LINE,       // track source file line number
-    INLINE_ASSEMBLY,        // container to hold inline raw assembly code
-    INCLUDE_FILE            // directive to include a file at this position in the memory of the program
-}
-
-val opcodesWithVarArgument = setOf(
-        Opcode.INC_VAR_B, Opcode.INC_VAR_W, Opcode.DEC_VAR_B, Opcode.DEC_VAR_W,
-        Opcode.INC_VAR_UB, Opcode.INC_VAR_UW, Opcode.DEC_VAR_UB, Opcode.DEC_VAR_UW,
-        Opcode.SHR_VAR_SBYTE, Opcode.SHR_VAR_UBYTE, Opcode.SHR_VAR_SWORD, Opcode.SHR_VAR_UWORD,
-        Opcode.SHL_VAR_BYTE, Opcode.SHL_VAR_WORD,
-        Opcode.ROL_VAR_BYTE, Opcode.ROL_VAR_WORD, Opcode.ROR_VAR_BYTE, Opcode.ROR_VAR_WORD,
-        Opcode.ROL2_VAR_BYTE, Opcode.ROL2_VAR_WORD, Opcode.ROR2_VAR_BYTE, Opcode.ROR2_VAR_WORD,
-        Opcode.POP_VAR_BYTE, Opcode.POP_VAR_WORD, Opcode.POP_VAR_FLOAT,
-        Opcode.PUSH_VAR_BYTE, Opcode.PUSH_VAR_WORD, Opcode.PUSH_VAR_FLOAT, Opcode.PUSH_ADDR_HEAPVAR,
-        Opcode.READ_INDEXED_VAR_BYTE, Opcode.READ_INDEXED_VAR_WORD, Opcode.READ_INDEXED_VAR_FLOAT,
-        Opcode.WRITE_INDEXED_VAR_BYTE, Opcode.WRITE_INDEXED_VAR_WORD, Opcode.WRITE_INDEXED_VAR_FLOAT,
-        Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_UB, Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_B, Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_UW,
-        Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_W, Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_FLOAT,
-        Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_UB, Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_B, Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_UW,
-        Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_W, Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_FLOAT
-)
-
-val branchOpcodes = setOf(
-        Opcode.BCS, Opcode.BCC, Opcode.BZ, Opcode.BNZ,
-        Opcode.BNEG, Opcode.BPOS, Opcode.BVS, Opcode.BVC
-)

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/CompilationTarget.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package prog8.compiler.target
+
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
+import prog8.compiler.Zeropage
+import java.nio.file.Path
+
+internal interface CompilationTarget {
+    companion object {
+        lateinit var name: String
+        lateinit var machine: IMachineDefinition
+        lateinit var encodeString: (str: String) -> List<Short>
+        lateinit var decodeString: (bytes: List<Short>) -> String
+        lateinit var asmGenerator: (Program, Zeropage, CompilationOptions, Path) -> IAssemblyGenerator
+    }
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/IAssemblyGenerator.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package prog8.compiler.target
+
+import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
+
+internal interface IAssemblyGenerator {
+    fun compileToAssembly(optimize: Boolean): IAssemblyProgram
+}
+
+internal interface IAssemblyProgram {
+    val name: String
+    fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions)
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/IMachineDefinition.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package prog8.compiler.target
+
+import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
+import prog8.compiler.Zeropage
+
+
+interface IMachineDefinition {
+    val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE: Double
+    val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE: Double
+    val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE: Int
+
+    val opcodeNames: Set<String>
+
+    fun getZeropage(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions): Zeropage
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/c64/AsmGen.kt

@@ -1,758 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64
-
-// note: to put stuff on the stack, we use Absolute,X  addressing mode which is 3 bytes / 4 cycles
-// possible space optimization is to use zeropage (indirect),Y  which is 2 bytes, but 5 cycles
-
-import prog8.ast.antlr.escape
-import prog8.ast.base.DataType
-import prog8.ast.base.initvarsSubName
-import prog8.ast.statements.ZeropageWish
-import prog8.vm.RuntimeValue
-import prog8.compiler.*
-import prog8.compiler.intermediate.*
-import java.io.File
-import java.util.*
-import kotlin.math.abs
-
-
-class AssemblyError(msg: String) : RuntimeException(msg)
-
-
-
-internal fun intVal(valueInstr: Instruction) = valueInstr.arg!!.integerValue()
-internal fun hexVal(valueInstr: Instruction) = valueInstr.arg!!.integerValue().toHex()
-internal fun hexValPlusOne(valueInstr: Instruction) = (valueInstr.arg!!.integerValue()+1).toHex()
-internal fun getFloatConst(value: RuntimeValue): String =
-        globalFloatConsts[value.numericValue().toDouble()]
-                ?: throw AssemblyError("should have a global float const for number $value")
-
-internal val globalFloatConsts = mutableMapOf<Double, String>()
-
-internal fun signExtendA(into: String) =
-        """
-        ora  #$7f
-        bmi  +
-        lda  #0
-+       sta  $into
-        """
-
-class AsmGen(private val options: CompilationOptions, private val program: IntermediateProgram,
-             private val heap: HeapValues, private val zeropage: Zeropage) {
-    private val assemblyLines = mutableListOf<String>()
-    private lateinit var block: IntermediateProgram.ProgramBlock
-
-    init {
-        // Convert invalid label names (such as "<anon-1>") to something that's allowed.
-        val newblocks = mutableListOf<IntermediateProgram.ProgramBlock>()
-        for(block in program.blocks) {
-            val newvars = block.variables.map { Triple(symname(it.first, block), it.second, it.third) }.toMutableList()
-            val newvarsZeropaged = block.variablesMarkedForZeropage.map{symname(it, block)}.toMutableSet()
-            val newlabels = block.labels.map { symname(it.key, block) to it.value}.toMap().toMutableMap()
-            val newinstructions = block.instructions.asSequence().map {
-                when {
-                    it is LabelInstr -> LabelInstr(symname(it.name, block), it.asmProc)
-                    it.opcode == Opcode.INLINE_ASSEMBLY -> it
-                    else ->
-                        Instruction(it.opcode, it.arg, it.arg2,
-                            callLabel = if (it.callLabel != null) symname(it.callLabel, block) else null,
-                            callLabel2 = if (it.callLabel2 != null) symname(it.callLabel2, block) else null)
-                }
-            }.toMutableList()
-            val newMempointers = block.memoryPointers.map { symname(it.key, block) to it.value }.toMap().toMutableMap()
-            val newblock = IntermediateProgram.ProgramBlock(
-                    block.name,
-                    block.address,
-                    newinstructions,
-                    newvars,
-                    newMempointers,
-                    newlabels,
-                    force_output = block.force_output)
-            newblock.variablesMarkedForZeropage.clear()
-            newblock.variablesMarkedForZeropage.addAll(newvarsZeropaged)
-            newblocks.add(newblock)
-        }
-        program.blocks.clear()
-        program.blocks.addAll(newblocks)
-
-        val newAllocatedZp = program.allocatedZeropageVariables.map { symname(it.key, null) to it.value}
-        program.allocatedZeropageVariables.clear()
-        program.allocatedZeropageVariables.putAll(newAllocatedZp)
-
-        // make a list of all const floats that are used
-        for(block in program.blocks) {
-            for(ins in block.instructions.filter{it.arg?.type== DataType.FLOAT}) {
-                val float = ins.arg!!.numericValue().toDouble()
-                if(float !in globalFloatConsts)
-                    globalFloatConsts[float] = "prog8_const_float_${globalFloatConsts.size}"
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun compileToAssembly(optimize: Boolean): AssemblyProgram {
-        println("Generating assembly code from intermediate code... ")
-
-        assemblyLines.clear()
-        header()
-        for(b in program.blocks)
-            block2asm(b)
-
-        if(optimize) {
-            var optimizationsDone = 1
-            while (optimizationsDone > 0) {
-                optimizationsDone = optimizeAssembly(assemblyLines)
-            }
-        }
-
-        File("${program.name}.asm").printWriter().use {
-            for (line in assemblyLines) { it.println(line) }
-        }
-
-        return AssemblyProgram(program.name)
-    }
-
-    private fun out(str: String, splitlines: Boolean=true) {
-        if(splitlines) {
-            for (line in str.split('\n')) {
-                val trimmed = if (line.startsWith(' ')) "\t" + line.trim() else line.trim()
-                // trimmed = trimmed.replace(Regex("^\\+\\s+"), "+\t")  // sanitize local label indentation
-                assemblyLines.add(trimmed)
-            }
-        } else assemblyLines.add(str)
-    }
-
-
-    // convert a fully scoped name (defined in the given block) to a valid assembly symbol name
-    private fun symname(scoped: String, block: IntermediateProgram.ProgramBlock?): String {
-        if(' ' in scoped)
-            return scoped
-        val blockLocal: Boolean
-        var name = if (block!=null && scoped.startsWith("${block.name}.")) {
-            blockLocal = true
-            scoped.substring(block.name.length+1)
-        }
-        else {
-            blockLocal = false
-            scoped
-        }
-        name = name.replace("<", "prog8_").replace(">", "")     // take care of the autogenerated invalid (anon) label names
-        if(name=="-")
-            return "-"
-        if(blockLocal)
-            name = name.replace(".", "_")
-        else {
-            val parts = name.split(".", limit=2)
-            if(parts.size>1)
-                name = "${parts[0]}.${parts[1].replace(".", "_")}"
-        }
-        return name.replace("-", "")
-    }
-
-    private fun makeFloatFill(flt: MachineDefinition.Mflpt5): String {
-        val b0 = "$"+flt.b0.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
-        val b1 = "$"+flt.b1.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
-        val b2 = "$"+flt.b2.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
-        val b3 = "$"+flt.b3.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
-        val b4 = "$"+flt.b4.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
-        return "$b0, $b1, $b2, $b3, $b4"
-    }
-
-    private fun header() {
-        val ourName = this.javaClass.name
-        out("; 6502 assembly code for '${program.name}'")
-        out("; generated by $ourName on ${Date()}")
-        out("; assembler syntax is for the 64tasm cross-assembler")
-        out("; output options: output=${options.output} launcher=${options.launcher} zp=${options.zeropage}")
-        out("\n.cpu  '6502'\n.enc  'none'\n")
-
-        if(program.loadAddress==0)   // fix load address
-            program.loadAddress = if(options.launcher==LauncherType.BASIC)
-                MachineDefinition.BASIC_LOAD_ADDRESS else MachineDefinition.RAW_LOAD_ADDRESS
-
-        when {
-            options.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC -> {
-                if (program.loadAddress != 0x0801)
-                    throw AssemblyError("BASIC output must have load address $0801")
-                out("; ---- basic program with sys call ----")
-                out("* = ${program.loadAddress.toHex()}")
-                val year = Calendar.getInstance().get(Calendar.YEAR)
-                out("  .word  (+), $year")
-                out("  .null  $9e, format(' %d ', _prog8_entrypoint), $3a, $8f, ' prog8 by idj'")
-                out("+\t.word  0")
-                out("_prog8_entrypoint\t; assembly code starts here\n")
-                out("  jsr  prog8_lib.init_system")
-            }
-            options.output == OutputType.PRG -> {
-                out("; ---- program without basic sys call ----")
-                out("* = ${program.loadAddress.toHex()}\n")
-                out("  jsr  prog8_lib.init_system")
-            }
-            options.output == OutputType.RAW -> {
-                out("; ---- raw assembler program ----")
-                out("* = ${program.loadAddress.toHex()}\n")
-            }
-        }
-
-        if(zeropage.exitProgramStrategy!=Zeropage.ExitProgramStrategy.CLEAN_EXIT) {
-            // disable shift-commodore charset switching and run/stop key
-            out("  lda  #$80")
-            out("  lda  #$80")
-            out("  sta  657\t; disable charset switching")
-            out("  lda  #239")
-            out("  sta  808\t; disable run/stop key")
-        }
-
-        out("  ldx  #\$ff\t; init estack pointer")
-        out("  ; initialize the variables in each block")
-        for(block in program.blocks) {
-            val initVarsLabel = block.instructions.firstOrNull { it is LabelInstr && it.name== initvarsSubName } as? LabelInstr
-            if(initVarsLabel!=null)
-                out("  jsr  ${block.name}.${initVarsLabel.name}")
-        }
-        out("  clc")
-        when(zeropage.exitProgramStrategy) {
-            Zeropage.ExitProgramStrategy.CLEAN_EXIT -> {
-                out("  jmp  main.start\t; jump to program entrypoint")
-            }
-            Zeropage.ExitProgramStrategy.SYSTEM_RESET -> {
-                out("  jsr  main.start\t; call program entrypoint")
-                out("  jmp  (c64.RESET_VEC)\t; cold reset")
-            }
-        }
-        out("")
-
-        // the global list of all floating point constants for the whole program
-        for(flt in globalFloatConsts) {
-            val floatFill = makeFloatFill(MachineDefinition.Mflpt5.fromNumber(flt.key))
-            out("${flt.value}\t.byte  $floatFill  ; float ${flt.key}")
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun block2asm(blk: IntermediateProgram.ProgramBlock) {
-        block = blk
-        out("\n; ---- block: '${block.name}' ----")
-        if(!blk.force_output)
-            out("${block.name}\t.proc\n")
-        if(block.address!=null) {
-            out(".cerror * > ${block.address?.toHex()}, 'block address overlaps by ', *-${block.address?.toHex()},' bytes'")
-            out("* = ${block.address?.toHex()}")
-        }
-
-        // deal with zeropage variables
-        for((varname, value, parameters) in blk.variables) {
-            val sym = symname(blk.name+"."+varname, null)
-            val zpVar = program.allocatedZeropageVariables[sym]
-            if(zpVar==null) {
-                // This var is not on the ZP yet. Attempt to move it there (if it's not a float, those take up too much space)
-                if(parameters.zp != ZeropageWish.NOT_IN_ZEROPAGE &&
-                        value.type in zeropage.allowedDatatypes
-                        && value.type != DataType.FLOAT) {
-                    try {
-                        val address = zeropage.allocate(sym, value.type, null)
-                        out("$varname = $address\t; auto zp ${value.type}")
-                        // make sure we add the var to the set of zpvars for this block
-                        blk.variablesMarkedForZeropage.add(varname)
-                        program.allocatedZeropageVariables[sym] = Pair(address, value.type)
-                    } catch (x: ZeropageDepletedError) {
-                        // leave it as it is.
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            else {
-                // it was already allocated on the zp
-                out("$varname = ${zpVar.first}\t; zp ${zpVar.second}")
-            }
-        }
-
-        out("\n; memdefs and kernel subroutines")
-        memdefs2asm(block)
-        out("\n; non-zeropage variables")
-        vardecls2asm(block)
-        out("")
-
-        val instructionPatternWindowSize = 8        // increase once patterns occur longer than this.
-        var processed = 0
-
-        for (ins in block.instructions.windowed(instructionPatternWindowSize, partialWindows = true)) {
-            if (processed == 0) {
-                processed = instr2asm(ins)
-                if (processed == 0) {
-                    // the instructions are not recognised yet and can't be translated into assembly
-                    throw CompilerException("no asm translation found for instruction pattern: $ins")
-                }
-            }
-            processed--
-        }
-        if(!blk.force_output)
-            out("\n\t.pend\n")
-    }
-
-    private fun memdefs2asm(block: IntermediateProgram.ProgramBlock) {
-        for(m in block.memoryPointers) {
-            out("  ${m.key} = ${m.value.first.toHex()}")
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun vardecls2asm(block: IntermediateProgram.ProgramBlock) {
-        val uniqueNames = block.variables.map { it.first }.toSet()
-        if (uniqueNames.size != block.variables.size)
-            throw AssemblyError("not all variables have unique names")
-
-        // these are the non-zeropage variables.
-        // first get all the flattened struct members, they MUST remain in order
-        out(";  flattened struct members")
-        val (structMembers, normalVars) = block.variables.partition { it.third.memberOfStruct!=null }
-        structMembers.forEach { vardecl2asm(it.first, it.second, it.third) }
-
-        // leave outsort the other variables by type
-        out(";  other variables sorted by type")
-        val sortedVars = normalVars.sortedBy { it.second.type }
-        for ((varname, value, parameters) in sortedVars) {
-            if(varname in block.variablesMarkedForZeropage)
-                continue  // skip the ones that belong in the zero page
-            vardecl2asm(varname, value, parameters)
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun vardecl2asm(varname: String, value: RuntimeValue, parameters: IntermediateProgram.VariableParameters) {
-        when (value.type) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> out("$varname\t.byte  0")
-            DataType.BYTE -> out("$varname\t.char  0")
-            DataType.UWORD -> out("$varname\t.word  0")
-            DataType.WORD -> out("$varname\t.sint  0")
-            DataType.FLOAT -> out("$varname\t.byte  0,0,0,0,0  ; float")
-            DataType.STR, DataType.STR_S -> {
-                val rawStr = heap.get(value.heapId!!).str!!
-                val bytes = encodeStr(rawStr, value.type).map { "$" + it.toString(16).padStart(2, '0') }
-                out("$varname\t; ${value.type} \"${escape(rawStr).replace("\u0000", "<NULL>")}\"")
-                for (chunk in bytes.chunked(16))
-                    out("  .byte  " + chunk.joinToString())
-            }
-            DataType.ARRAY_UB -> {
-                // unsigned integer byte arraysize
-                val data = makeArrayFillDataUnsigned(value)
-                if (data.size <= 16)
-                    out("$varname\t.byte  ${data.joinToString()}")
-                else {
-                    out(varname)
-                    for (chunk in data.chunked(16))
-                        out("  .byte  " + chunk.joinToString())
-                }
-            }
-            DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
-                // signed integer byte arraysize
-                val data = makeArrayFillDataSigned(value)
-                if (data.size <= 16)
-                    out("$varname\t.char  ${data.joinToString()}")
-                else {
-                    out(varname)
-                    for (chunk in data.chunked(16))
-                        out("  .char  " + chunk.joinToString())
-                }
-            }
-            DataType.ARRAY_UW -> {
-                // unsigned word arraysize
-                val data = makeArrayFillDataUnsigned(value)
-                if (data.size <= 16)
-                    out("$varname\t.word  ${data.joinToString()}")
-                else {
-                    out(varname)
-                    for (chunk in data.chunked(16))
-                        out("  .word  " + chunk.joinToString())
-                }
-            }
-            DataType.ARRAY_W -> {
-                // signed word arraysize
-                val data = makeArrayFillDataSigned(value)
-                if (data.size <= 16)
-                    out("$varname\t.sint  ${data.joinToString()}")
-                else {
-                    out(varname)
-                    for (chunk in data.chunked(16))
-                        out("  .sint  " + chunk.joinToString())
-                }
-            }
-            DataType.ARRAY_F -> {
-                // float arraysize
-                val array = heap.get(value.heapId!!).doubleArray!!
-                val floatFills = array.map { makeFloatFill(MachineDefinition.Mflpt5.fromNumber(it)) }
-                out(varname)
-                for(f in array.zip(floatFills))
-                    out("  .byte  ${f.second}  ; float ${f.first}")
-            }
-            DataType.STRUCT -> throw AssemblyError("vars of type STRUCT should have been removed because flattened")
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    private fun encodeStr(str: String, dt: DataType): List<Short> {
-        return when(dt) {
-            DataType.STR -> {
-                val bytes = Petscii.encodePetscii(str, true)
-                bytes.plus(0)
-            }
-            DataType.STR_S -> {
-                val bytes = Petscii.encodeScreencode(str, true)
-                bytes.plus(0)
-            }
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid str type")
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun makeArrayFillDataUnsigned(value: RuntimeValue): List<String> {
-        val array = heap.get(value.heapId!!).array!!
-        return when {
-            value.type== DataType.ARRAY_UB ->
-                // byte array can never contain pointer-to types, so treat values as all integers
-                array.map { "$"+it.integer!!.toString(16).padStart(2, '0') }
-            value.type== DataType.ARRAY_UW -> array.map {
-                when {
-                    it.integer!=null -> "$"+it.integer.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
-                    it.addressOf!=null -> symname(it.addressOf.scopedname!!, block)
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type in array")
-                }
-            }
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid arraysize type")
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun makeArrayFillDataSigned(value: RuntimeValue): List<String> {
-        val array = heap.get(value.heapId!!).array!!
-        // note: array of signed value can never contain pointer-to type, so simply accept values as being all integers
-        return if (value.type == DataType.ARRAY_B || value.type == DataType.ARRAY_W) {
-            array.map {
-                if(it.integer!!>=0)
-                    "$"+it.integer.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
-                else
-                    "-$"+abs(it.integer).toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
-            }
-        }
-        else throw AssemblyError("invalid arraysize type")
-    }
-
-    private fun instr2asm(ins: List<Instruction>): Int {
-        // find best patterns (matching the most of the lines, then with the smallest weight)
-        val fragments = findPatterns(ins).sortedByDescending { it.segmentSize }
-        if(fragments.isEmpty()) {
-            // we didn't find any matching patterns (complex multi-instruction fragments), try simple ones
-            val firstIns = ins[0]
-            val singleAsm = simpleInstr2Asm(firstIns, block)
-            if(singleAsm != null) {
-                outputAsmFragment(singleAsm)
-                return 1
-            }
-            return 0
-        }
-        val best = fragments[0]
-        outputAsmFragment(best.asm)
-        return best.segmentSize
-    }
-
-    private fun outputAsmFragment(singleAsm: String) {
-        if (singleAsm.isNotEmpty()) {
-            if(singleAsm.startsWith("@inline@"))
-                out(singleAsm.substring(8), false)
-            else {
-                val withNewlines = singleAsm.replace('|', '\n')
-                out(withNewlines)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun findPatterns(segment: List<Instruction>): List<AsmFragment> {
-        val opcodes = segment.map { it.opcode }
-        val result = mutableListOf<AsmFragment>()
-
-        // check for operations that modify a single value, by putting it on the stack (and popping it afterwards)
-        if((opcodes[0]==Opcode.PUSH_VAR_BYTE && opcodes[2]==Opcode.POP_VAR_BYTE) ||
-                (opcodes[0]==Opcode.PUSH_VAR_WORD && opcodes[2]==Opcode.POP_VAR_WORD) ||
-                (opcodes[0]==Opcode.PUSH_VAR_FLOAT && opcodes[2]==Opcode.POP_VAR_FLOAT)) {
-            if (segment[0].callLabel == segment[2].callLabel) {
-                val fragment = sameVarOperation(segment[0].callLabel!!, segment[1])
-                if (fragment != null) {
-                    fragment.segmentSize = 3
-                    result.add(fragment)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else if((opcodes[0]==Opcode.PUSH_BYTE && opcodes[1] in setOf(Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_B, Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_UB,
-                        Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_UW, Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_W, Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_FLOAT,
-                        Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_B, Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_UB, Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_W,
-                        Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_UW, Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_FLOAT))) {
-            val fragment = sameConstantIndexedVarOperation(segment[1].callLabel!!, segment[0].arg!!.integerValue(), segment[1])
-            if(fragment!=null) {
-                fragment.segmentSize=2
-                result.add(fragment)
-            }
-        }
-        else if((opcodes[0]==Opcode.PUSH_VAR_BYTE && opcodes[1] in setOf(Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_B, Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_UB,
-                        Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_UW, Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_W, Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_FLOAT,
-                        Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_B, Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_UB, Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_W,
-                        Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_UW, Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_FLOAT))) {
-            val fragment = sameIndexedVarOperation(segment[1].callLabel!!, segment[0].callLabel!!, segment[1])
-            if(fragment!=null) {
-                fragment.segmentSize=2
-                result.add(fragment)
-            }
-        }
-        else if((opcodes[0]==Opcode.PUSH_MEM_UB && opcodes[2]==Opcode.POP_MEM_BYTE) ||
-                (opcodes[0]==Opcode.PUSH_MEM_B && opcodes[2]==Opcode.POP_MEM_BYTE) ||
-                (opcodes[0]==Opcode.PUSH_MEM_UW && opcodes[2]==Opcode.POP_MEM_WORD) ||
-                (opcodes[0]==Opcode.PUSH_MEM_W && opcodes[2]==Opcode.POP_MEM_WORD) ||
-                (opcodes[0]==Opcode.PUSH_MEM_FLOAT && opcodes[2]==Opcode.POP_MEM_FLOAT)) {
-            if(segment[0].arg==segment[2].arg) {
-                val fragment = sameMemOperation(segment[0].arg!!.integerValue(), segment[1])
-                if(fragment!=null) {
-                    fragment.segmentSize = 3
-                    result.add(fragment)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else if((opcodes[0]==Opcode.PUSH_BYTE && opcodes[1]==Opcode.READ_INDEXED_VAR_BYTE &&
-                        opcodes[3]==Opcode.PUSH_BYTE && opcodes[4]==Opcode.WRITE_INDEXED_VAR_BYTE) ||
-                (opcodes[0]==Opcode.PUSH_BYTE && opcodes[1]==Opcode.READ_INDEXED_VAR_WORD &&
-                        opcodes[3]==Opcode.PUSH_BYTE && opcodes[4]==Opcode.WRITE_INDEXED_VAR_WORD)) {
-            if(segment[0].arg==segment[3].arg && segment[1].callLabel==segment[4].callLabel) {
-                val fragment = sameConstantIndexedVarOperation(segment[1].callLabel!!, segment[0].arg!!.integerValue(), segment[2])
-                if(fragment!=null){
-                    fragment.segmentSize = 5
-                    result.add(fragment)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else if((opcodes[0]==Opcode.PUSH_VAR_BYTE && opcodes[1]==Opcode.READ_INDEXED_VAR_BYTE &&
-                        opcodes[3]==Opcode.PUSH_VAR_BYTE && opcodes[4]==Opcode.WRITE_INDEXED_VAR_BYTE) ||
-                (opcodes[0]==Opcode.PUSH_VAR_BYTE && opcodes[1]==Opcode.READ_INDEXED_VAR_WORD &&
-                        opcodes[3]==Opcode.PUSH_VAR_BYTE && opcodes[4]==Opcode.WRITE_INDEXED_VAR_WORD)) {
-            if(segment[0].callLabel==segment[3].callLabel && segment[1].callLabel==segment[4].callLabel) {
-                val fragment = sameIndexedVarOperation(segment[1].callLabel!!, segment[0].callLabel!!, segment[2])
-                if(fragment!=null){
-                    fragment.segmentSize = 5
-                    result.add(fragment)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // add any matching patterns from the big list
-        for(pattern in patterns) {
-            if(pattern.sequence.size > segment.size || (pattern.altSequence!=null && pattern.altSequence.size > segment.size))
-                continue        //  don't accept patterns that don't fit
-            val opcodesList = opcodes.subList(0, pattern.sequence.size)
-            if(pattern.sequence == opcodesList) {
-                val asm = pattern.asm(segment)
-                if(asm!=null)
-                    result.add(AsmFragment(asm, pattern.sequence.size))
-            } else if(pattern.altSequence!=null) {
-                val opcodesListAlt = opcodes.subList(0, pattern.altSequence.size)
-                if(pattern.altSequence == opcodesListAlt) {
-                    val asm = pattern.asm(segment)
-                    if (asm != null)
-                        result.add(AsmFragment(asm, pattern.sequence.size))
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        return result
-    }
-
-    private fun sameConstantIndexedVarOperation(variable: String, index: Int, ins: Instruction): AsmFragment? {
-        // an in place operation that consists of a push-value / op / push-index-value / pop-into-indexed-var
-        return when(ins.opcode) {
-            Opcode.SHL_BYTE -> AsmFragment(" asl  $variable+$index", 8)
-            Opcode.SHR_UBYTE -> AsmFragment(" lsr  $variable+$index", 8)
-            Opcode.SHR_SBYTE -> AsmFragment(" lda  $variable+$index |  asl  a |  ror  $variable+$index")
-            Opcode.SHL_WORD -> AsmFragment(" asl  $variable+${index*2+1} |  rol  $variable+${index*2}", 8)
-            Opcode.SHR_UWORD -> AsmFragment(" lsr  $variable+${index*2+1} |  ror  $variable+${index*2}", 8)
-            Opcode.SHR_SWORD -> AsmFragment(" lda  $variable+${index*2+1} |  asl  a |  ror  $variable+${index*2+1} |  ror  $variable+${index*2}", 8)
-            Opcode.ROL_BYTE -> AsmFragment(" rol  $variable+$index", 8)
-            Opcode.ROR_BYTE -> AsmFragment(" ror  $variable+$index", 8)
-            Opcode.ROL_WORD -> AsmFragment(" rol  $variable+${index*2+1} |  rol  $variable+${index*2}", 8)
-            Opcode.ROR_WORD -> AsmFragment(" ror  $variable+${index*2+1} |  ror  $variable+${index*2}", 8)
-            Opcode.ROL2_BYTE -> AsmFragment(" lda  $variable+$index |  cmp  #\$80 |  rol  $variable+$index", 8)
-            Opcode.ROR2_BYTE -> AsmFragment(" lda  $variable+$index |  lsr  a |  bcc  + |  ora  #\$80 |+ |  sta  $variable+$index", 10)
-            Opcode.ROL2_WORD -> AsmFragment(" asl  $variable+${index*2+1} |  rol  $variable+${index*2} |  bcc  + |  inc  $variable+${index*2+1} |+",20)
-            Opcode.ROR2_WORD -> AsmFragment(" lsr  $variable+${index*2+1} |  ror  $variable+${index*2} |  bcc  + |  lda  $variable+${index*2+1} |  ora  #\$80 |  sta  $variable+${index*2+1} |+", 30)
-            Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_B, Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_UB -> AsmFragment(" inc  $variable+$index", 2)
-            Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_B, Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_UB -> AsmFragment(" dec  $variable+$index", 5)
-            Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_W, Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_UW -> AsmFragment(" inc  $variable+${index*2} |  bne  + |  inc  $variable+${index*2+1} |+")
-            Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_W, Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_UW -> AsmFragment(" lda  $variable+${index*2} |  bne  + |  dec  $variable+${index*2+1} |+ |  dec  $variable+${index*2}")
-            Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_FLOAT -> AsmFragment(
-                """
-                lda  #<($variable+${index* MachineDefinition.Mflpt5.MemorySize})
-                ldy  #>($variable+${index* MachineDefinition.Mflpt5.MemorySize})
-                jsr  c64flt.inc_var_f
-                """)
-            Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_FLOAT -> AsmFragment(
-                """
-                lda  #<($variable+${index* MachineDefinition.Mflpt5.MemorySize})
-                ldy  #>($variable+${index* MachineDefinition.Mflpt5.MemorySize})
-                jsr  c64flt.dec_var_f
-                """)
-
-            else -> null
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun sameIndexedVarOperation(variable: String, indexVar: String, ins: Instruction): AsmFragment? {
-        // an in place operation that consists of a push-value / op / push-index-var / pop-into-indexed-var
-        val saveX = " stx  ${MachineDefinition.C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_B1} |"
-        val restoreX = " | ldx  ${MachineDefinition.C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_B1}"
-        val loadXWord: String
-        val loadX: String
-
-        when(indexVar) {
-            "X" -> {
-                loadX = ""
-                loadXWord = " txa |  asl  a |  tax |"
-            }
-            "Y" -> {
-                loadX = " tya |  tax |"
-                loadXWord = " tya |  asl  a |  tax |"
-            }
-            "A" -> {
-                loadX = " tax |"
-                loadXWord = " asl  a |  tax |"
-            }
-            else -> {
-                // the indexvar is a real variable, not a register
-                loadX = " ldx  $indexVar |"
-                loadXWord = " lda  $indexVar |  asl  a |  tax |"
-            }
-        }
-
-        return when (ins.opcode) {
-            Opcode.SHL_BYTE -> AsmFragment(" txa |  $loadX  asl  $variable,x |  tax", 10)
-            Opcode.SHR_UBYTE -> AsmFragment(" txa |  $loadX  lsr  $variable,x |  tax", 10)
-            Opcode.SHR_SBYTE -> AsmFragment("$saveX  $loadX  lda  $variable,x |  asl a |  ror  $variable,x  $restoreX", 10)
-            Opcode.SHL_WORD -> AsmFragment("$saveX $loadXWord  asl  $variable,x |  rol  $variable+1,x  $restoreX", 10)
-            Opcode.SHR_UWORD -> AsmFragment("$saveX $loadXWord  lsr  $variable+1,x |  ror  $variable,x  $restoreX", 10)
-            Opcode.SHR_SWORD -> AsmFragment("$saveX $loadXWord  lda  $variable+1,x |  asl a |  ror  $variable+1,x |  ror  $variable,x  $restoreX", 10)
-            Opcode.ROL_BYTE -> AsmFragment(" txa |  $loadX  rol  $variable,x |  tax", 10)
-            Opcode.ROR_BYTE -> AsmFragment(" txa |  $loadX  ror  $variable,x |  tax", 10)
-            Opcode.ROL_WORD -> AsmFragment("$saveX $loadXWord  rol  $variable,x |  rol  $variable+1,x  $restoreX", 10)
-            Opcode.ROR_WORD -> AsmFragment("$saveX $loadXWord  ror  $variable+1,x |  ror  $variable,x  $restoreX", 10)
-            Opcode.ROL2_BYTE -> AsmFragment("$saveX $loadX  lda  $variable,x |  cmp  #\$80 |  rol  $variable,x  $restoreX", 10)
-            Opcode.ROR2_BYTE -> AsmFragment("$saveX $loadX  lda  $variable,x |  lsr  a |  bcc  + |  ora  #\$80 |+ |  sta  $variable,x  $restoreX", 10)
-            Opcode.ROL2_WORD -> AsmFragment(" txa |  $loadXWord  asl  $variable,x |  rol  $variable+1,x |  bcc  + |  inc  $variable,x  |+  |  tax", 30)
-            Opcode.ROR2_WORD -> AsmFragment("$saveX $loadXWord  lsr  $variable+1,x |  ror  $variable,x |  bcc  + |  lda  $variable+1,x |  ora  #\$80 |  sta  $variable+1,x |+  $restoreX", 30)
-            Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_B, Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_UB -> AsmFragment(" txa |  $loadX  inc  $variable,x |  tax", 10)
-            Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_B, Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_UB -> AsmFragment(" txa |  $loadX  dec  $variable,x |  tax", 10)
-            Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_W, Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_UW -> AsmFragment("$saveX $loadXWord  inc  $variable,x |  bne  + |  inc  $variable+1,x  |+  $restoreX", 10)
-            Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_W, Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_UW -> AsmFragment("$saveX $loadXWord  lda  $variable,x |  bne  + |  dec  $variable+1,x |+ |  dec  $variable,x  $restoreX", 10)
-            Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_FLOAT -> AsmFragment(" lda  #<$variable |  ldy  #>$variable |  $saveX   $loadX   jsr  c64flt.inc_indexed_var_f  $restoreX")
-            Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_FLOAT -> AsmFragment(" lda  #<$variable |  ldy  #>$variable |  $saveX   $loadX   jsr  c64flt.dec_indexed_var_f  $restoreX")
-
-            else -> null
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun sameMemOperation(address: Int, ins: Instruction): AsmFragment? {
-        // an in place operation that consists of  push-mem / op / pop-mem
-        val addr = address.toHex()
-        val addrHi = (address+1).toHex()
-        return when(ins.opcode) {
-            Opcode.SHL_BYTE -> AsmFragment(" asl  $addr", 10)
-            Opcode.SHR_UBYTE -> AsmFragment(" lsr  $addr", 10)
-            Opcode.SHR_SBYTE -> AsmFragment(" lda  $addr |  asl  a |  ror  $addr", 10)
-            Opcode.SHL_WORD -> AsmFragment(" asl  $addr |  rol  $addrHi", 10)
-            Opcode.SHR_UWORD -> AsmFragment(" lsr  $addrHi |  ror  $addr", 10)
-            Opcode.SHR_SWORD -> AsmFragment(" lda  $addrHi |  asl a |  ror  $addrHi |  ror  $addr", 10)
-            Opcode.ROL_BYTE -> AsmFragment(" rol  $addr", 10)
-            Opcode.ROR_BYTE -> AsmFragment(" ror  $addr", 10)
-            Opcode.ROL_WORD -> AsmFragment(" rol  $addr |  rol  $addrHi", 10)
-            Opcode.ROR_WORD -> AsmFragment(" ror  $addrHi |  ror  $addr", 10)
-            Opcode.ROL2_BYTE -> AsmFragment(" lda  $addr |  cmp  #\$80 |  rol  $addr", 10)
-            Opcode.ROR2_BYTE -> AsmFragment(" lda  $addr |  lsr  a |  bcc  + |  ora  #\$80 |+ |  sta  $addr", 10)
-            Opcode.ROL2_WORD -> AsmFragment(" lda  $addr |  cmp #\$80 |  rol  $addr |  rol  $addrHi", 10)
-            Opcode.ROR2_WORD -> AsmFragment(" lsr  $addrHi |  ror  $addr |  bcc  + |  lda  $addrHi |  ora  #$80 |  sta  $addrHi |+", 20)
-            else -> null
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun sameVarOperation(variable: String, ins: Instruction): AsmFragment? {
-        // an in place operation that consists of a push-var / op / pop-var
-        return when(ins.opcode) {
-            Opcode.SHL_BYTE -> {
-                when (variable) {
-                    "A" -> AsmFragment(" asl  a", 10)
-                    "X" -> AsmFragment(" txa |  asl  a |  tax", 10)
-                    "Y" -> AsmFragment(" tya |  asl  a |  tay", 10)
-                    else -> AsmFragment(" asl  $variable", 10)
-                }
-            }
-            Opcode.SHR_UBYTE -> {
-                when (variable) {
-                    "A" -> AsmFragment(" lsr  a", 10)
-                    "X" -> AsmFragment(" txa |  lsr  a |  tax", 10)
-                    "Y" -> AsmFragment(" tya |  lsr  a |  tay", 10)
-                    else -> AsmFragment(" lsr  $variable", 10)
-                }
-            }
-            Opcode.SHR_SBYTE -> {
-                // arithmetic shift right (keep sign bit)
-                when (variable) {
-                    "A" -> AsmFragment(" cmp  #$80 |  ror  a", 10)
-                    "X" -> AsmFragment(" txa |  cmp  #$80 |  ror  a |  tax", 10)
-                    "Y" -> AsmFragment(" tya |  cmp  #$80 |  ror  a |  tay", 10)
-                    else -> AsmFragment(" lda  $variable |  asl  a  | ror  $variable", 10)
-                }
-            }
-            Opcode.SHL_WORD -> {
-                AsmFragment(" asl  $variable |  rol  $variable+1", 10)
-            }
-            Opcode.SHR_UWORD -> {
-                AsmFragment(" lsr  $variable+1 |  ror  $variable", 10)
-            }
-            Opcode.SHR_SWORD -> {
-                // arithmetic shift right (keep sign bit)
-                AsmFragment(" lda  $variable+1 |  asl  a |  ror  $variable+1 |  ror  $variable", 10)
-            }
-            Opcode.ROL_BYTE -> {
-                when (variable) {
-                    "A" -> AsmFragment(" rol  a", 10)
-                    "X" -> AsmFragment(" txa |  rol  a |  tax", 10)
-                    "Y" -> AsmFragment(" tya |  rol  a |  tay", 10)
-                    else -> AsmFragment(" rol  $variable", 10)
-                }
-            }
-            Opcode.ROR_BYTE -> {
-                when (variable) {
-                    "A" -> AsmFragment(" ror  a", 10)
-                    "X" -> AsmFragment(" txa |  ror  a |  tax", 10)
-                    "Y" -> AsmFragment(" tya |  ror  a |  tay", 10)
-                    else -> AsmFragment(" ror  $variable", 10)
-                }
-            }
-            Opcode.ROL_WORD -> {
-                AsmFragment(" rol  $variable |  rol  $variable+1", 10)
-            }
-            Opcode.ROR_WORD -> {
-                AsmFragment(" ror  $variable+1 |  ror  $variable", 10)
-            }
-            Opcode.ROL2_BYTE -> {       // 8-bit rol
-                when (variable) {
-                    "A" -> AsmFragment(" cmp  #\$80 |  rol  a", 10)
-                    "X" -> AsmFragment(" txa |  cmp  #\$80 |  rol  a |  tax", 10)
-                    "Y" -> AsmFragment(" tya |  cmp  #\$80 |  rol  a |  tay", 10)
-                    else -> AsmFragment(" lda  $variable |  cmp  #\$80  | rol  $variable", 10)
-                }
-            }
-            Opcode.ROR2_BYTE -> {       // 8-bit ror
-                when (variable) {
-                    "A" -> AsmFragment(" lsr  a | bcc  + |  ora  #\$80  |+", 10)
-                    "X" -> AsmFragment(" txa |  lsr  a |  bcc  + |  ora  #\$80  |+ |  tax", 10)
-                    "Y" -> AsmFragment(" tya |  lsr  a |  bcc  + |  ora  #\$80  |+ |  tay", 10)
-                    else -> AsmFragment(" lda  $variable |  lsr  a |  bcc  + |  ora  #\$80 |+ |  sta  $variable", 10)
-                }
-            }
-            Opcode.ROL2_WORD -> {
-                AsmFragment(" lda  $variable |  cmp #\$80 |  rol  $variable |  rol  $variable+1", 10)
-            }
-            Opcode.ROR2_WORD -> {
-                AsmFragment(" lsr  $variable+1 |  ror  $variable |  bcc  + |  lda  $variable+1 |  ora  #\$80 |  sta  $variable+1 |+", 30)
-            }
-            else -> null
-        }
-    }
-
-    private class AsmFragment(val asm: String, var segmentSize: Int=0)
-}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/c64/AssemblyProgram.kt

@@ -2,31 +2,35 @@ package prog8.compiler.target.c64
 
 import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
 import prog8.compiler.OutputType
-import java.io.File
+import prog8.compiler.target.IAssemblyProgram
+import java.nio.file.Path
 import kotlin.system.exitProcess
 
-class AssemblyProgram(val name: String) {
-    private val assemblyFile = "$name.asm"
-    private val viceMonListFile = "$name.vice-mon-list"
+class AssemblyProgram(override val name: String, outputDir: Path): IAssemblyProgram {
+    private val assemblyFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.asm")
+    private val prgFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.prg")
+    private val binFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.bin")
+    private val viceMonListFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.vice-mon-list")
 
-    fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions) {
+    override fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions) {
         // add "-Wlong-branch"  to see warnings about conversion of branch instructions to jumps
-        val command = mutableListOf("64tass", "--ascii", "--case-sensitive", "--long-branch", "-Wall", "-Wno-strict-bool",
-                "-Werror", "-Wno-error=long-branch", "--dump-labels", "--vice-labels", "-l", viceMonListFile, "--no-monitor")
+        val command = mutableListOf("64tass", "--ascii", "--case-sensitive", "--long-branch",
+                "-Wall", "-Wno-strict-bool", "-Wno-shadow", "-Werror", "-Wno-error=long-branch",
+                "--dump-labels", "--vice-labels", "-l", viceMonListFile.toString(), "--no-monitor")
 
         val outFile = when(options.output) {
             OutputType.PRG -> {
                 command.add("--cbm-prg")
                 println("\nCreating C-64 prg.")
-                "$name.prg"
+                prgFile
             }
             OutputType.RAW -> {
                 command.add("--nostart")
                 println("\nCreating raw binary.")
-                "$name.bin"
+                binFile
             }
         }
-        command.addAll(listOf("--output", outFile, assemblyFile))
+        command.addAll(listOf("--output", outFile.toString(), assemblyFile.toString()))
 
         val proc = ProcessBuilder(command).inheritIO().start()
         val result = proc.waitFor()
@@ -41,8 +45,8 @@ class AssemblyProgram(val name: String) {
     private fun generateBreakpointList() {
         // builds list of breakpoints, appends to monitor list file
         val breakpoints = mutableListOf<String>()
-        val pattern = Regex("""al (\w+) \S+_prog8_breakpoint_\d+.?""")      // gather breakpoints by the source label that's generated for them
-        for(line in File(viceMonListFile).readLines()) {
+        val pattern = Regex("""al (\w+) \S+_prog8_breakpoint_\d+.?""")      // gather breakpoints by the source label that"s generated for them
+        for(line in viceMonListFile.toFile().readLines()) {
             val match = pattern.matchEntire(line)
             if(match!=null)
             breakpoints.add("break \$" + match.groupValues[1])
@@ -51,6 +55,6 @@ class AssemblyProgram(val name: String) {
         breakpoints.add(0, "; vice monitor breakpoint list now follows")
         breakpoints.add(1, "; $num breakpoints have been defined")
         breakpoints.add(2, "del")
-        File(viceMonListFile).appendText(breakpoints.joinToString("\n")+"\n")
+        viceMonListFile.toFile().appendText(breakpoints.joinToString("\n")+"\n")
     }
 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/c64/C64MachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,18 +1,22 @@
 package prog8.compiler.target.c64
 
-import prog8.compiler.*
+import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
+import prog8.compiler.CompilerException
+import prog8.compiler.Zeropage
+import prog8.compiler.ZeropageType
+import prog8.compiler.target.IMachineDefinition
 import java.awt.Color
 import java.awt.image.BufferedImage
 import javax.imageio.ImageIO
 import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
 import kotlin.math.pow
 
-object MachineDefinition {
+object C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
     // 5-byte cbm MFLPT format limitations:
-    const val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = 1.7014118345e+38         // bytes: 255,127,255,255,255
-    const val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = -1.7014118345e+38        // bytes: 255,255,255,255,255
-
+    override val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = 1.7014118345e+38         // bytes: 255,127,255,255,255
+    override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = -1.7014118345e+38        // bytes: 255,255,255,255,255
+    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = 5
     const val BASIC_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x0801
     const val RAW_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0xc000
 
@@ -27,6 +31,19 @@ object MachineDefinition {
     const val ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX   = "\$cf01"
     const val ESTACK_HI_PLUS2_HEX   = "\$cf02"
 
+    override fun getZeropage(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) = C64Zeropage(compilerOptions)
+
+    // 6502 opcodes (including aliases and illegal opcodes), these cannot be used as variable or label names
+    override val opcodeNames = setOf("adc", "ahx", "alr", "anc", "and", "ane", "arr", "asl", "asr", "axs", "bcc", "bcs",
+            "beq", "bge", "bit", "blt", "bmi", "bne", "bpl", "brk", "bvc", "bvs", "clc",
+            "cld", "cli", "clv", "cmp", "cpx", "cpy", "dcm", "dcp", "dec", "dex", "dey",
+            "eor", "gcc", "gcs", "geq", "gge", "glt", "gmi", "gne", "gpl", "gvc", "gvs",
+            "inc", "ins", "inx", "iny", "isb", "isc", "jam", "jmp", "jsr", "lae", "las",
+            "lax", "lda", "lds", "ldx", "ldy", "lsr", "lxa", "nop", "ora", "pha", "php",
+            "pla", "plp", "rla", "rol", "ror", "rra", "rti", "rts", "sax", "sbc", "sbx",
+            "sec", "sed", "sei", "sha", "shl", "shr", "shs", "shx", "shy", "slo", "sre",
+            "sta", "stx", "sty", "tas", "tax", "tay", "tsx", "txa", "txs", "tya", "xaa")
+
 
     class C64Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
 
@@ -39,14 +56,14 @@ object MachineDefinition {
         }
 
         override val exitProgramStrategy: ExitProgramStrategy = when (options.zeropage) {
-            ZeropageType.BASICSAFE -> ExitProgramStrategy.CLEAN_EXIT
+            ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE -> ExitProgramStrategy.CLEAN_EXIT
             ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE, ZeropageType.FULL -> ExitProgramStrategy.SYSTEM_RESET
         }
 
 
         init {
-            if (options.floats && options.zeropage != ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE && options.zeropage != ZeropageType.BASICSAFE)
-                throw CompilerException("when floats are enabled, zero page type should be 'floatsafe' or 'basicsafe'")
+            if (options.floats && options.zeropage !in setOf(ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE ))
+                throw CompilerException("when floats are enabled, zero page type should be 'floatsafe' or 'basicsafe' or 'dontuse'")
 
             if (options.zeropage == ZeropageType.FULL) {
                 free.addAll(0x04..0xf9)
@@ -81,11 +98,16 @@ object MachineDefinition {
                     ))
                 }
 
+                if(options.zeropage!=ZeropageType.DONTUSE) {
                     // add the other free Zp addresses,
                     // these are valid for the C-64 (when no RS232 I/O is performed) but to keep BASIC running fully:
-                free.addAll(listOf(0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0d, 0x0e,
+                    free.addAll(listOf(0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x0a, 0x0e,
                             0x94, 0x95, 0xa7, 0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa,
                             0xb5, 0xb6, 0xf7, 0xf8, 0xf9))
+                } else {
+                    // don't use the zeropage at all
+                    free.clear()
+                }
             }
             assert(SCRATCH_B1 !in free)
             assert(SCRATCH_REG !in free)
@@ -102,8 +124,6 @@ object MachineDefinition {
     data class Mflpt5(val b0: Short, val b1: Short, val b2: Short, val b3: Short, val b4: Short) {
 
         companion object {
-            const val MemorySize = 5
-
             val zero = Mflpt5(0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
             fun fromNumber(num: Number): Mflpt5 {
                 // see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Binary_Format
@@ -224,7 +244,6 @@ object MachineDefinition {
         return bcopy
     }
 
-
     val colorPalette = listOf(         // this is Pepto's Commodore-64 palette  http://www.pepto.de/projects/colorvic/
             Color(0x000000),  // 0 = black
             Color(0xFFFFFF),  // 1 = white

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/c64/Petscii.kt

@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ package prog8.compiler.target.c64
 
 import java.io.CharConversionException
 
-class Petscii {
-    companion object {
+object Petscii {
 
     // decoding:  from Petscii/Screencodes (0-255) to unicode
     // character tables used from https://github.com/dj51d/cbmcodecs
@@ -1059,7 +1058,7 @@ class Petscii {
                 0.toShort()
             else {
                 val case = if (lowercase) "lower" else "upper"
-                    throw CharConversionException("no ${case}case Petscii character for '$it'")
+                throw CharConversionException("no ${case}case Petscii character for '$it' (${it.toShort()})")
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1077,7 +1076,7 @@ class Petscii {
                 0.toShort()
             else {
                 val case = if (lowercase) "lower" else "upper"
-                    throw CharConversionException("no ${case}Screencode character for '$it'")
+                throw CharConversionException("no ${case}Screencode character for '$it' (${it.toShort()})")
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1120,4 +1119,3 @@ class Petscii {
         return petscii.toShort()
     }
 }
-}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/c64/SimpleAsm.kt

@@ -1,560 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64
-
-import prog8.compiler.CompilerException
-import prog8.compiler.intermediate.Instruction
-import prog8.compiler.intermediate.IntermediateProgram
-import prog8.compiler.intermediate.LabelInstr
-import prog8.compiler.intermediate.Opcode
-import prog8.compiler.toHex
-import prog8.vm.stackvm.Syscall
-import prog8.vm.stackvm.syscallsForStackVm
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.MachineDefinition.C64Zeropage
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.MachineDefinition.ESTACK_HI_HEX
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.MachineDefinition.ESTACK_LO_HEX
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.MachineDefinition.ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.MachineDefinition.ESTACK_LO_PLUS2_HEX
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.MachineDefinition.ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.MachineDefinition.ESTACK_HI_PLUS2_HEX
-
-
-// note: see https://wiki.nesdev.com/w/index.php/6502_assembly_optimisations
-
-
-private var breakpointCounter = 0
-
-internal fun simpleInstr2Asm(ins: Instruction, block: IntermediateProgram.ProgramBlock): String? {
-    // a label 'instruction' is simply translated into a asm label
-    if(ins is LabelInstr) {
-        val labelresult =
-                if(ins.name.startsWith("${block.name}."))
-                    ins.name.substring(block.name.length+1)
-                else
-                    ins.name
-        return if(ins.asmProc) labelresult+"\t\t.proc" else labelresult
-    }
-
-    // simple opcodes that are translated directly into one or a few asm instructions
-    return when(ins.opcode) {
-        Opcode.LINE -> " ;\tsrc line: ${ins.callLabel}"
-        Opcode.NOP -> " nop"      // shouldn't be present anymore though
-        Opcode.START_PROCDEF -> ""  // is done as part of a label
-        Opcode.END_PROCDEF -> " .pend"
-        Opcode.TERMINATE -> " brk"
-        Opcode.SEC -> " sec"
-        Opcode.CLC -> " clc"
-        Opcode.SEI -> " sei"
-        Opcode.CLI -> " cli"
-        Opcode.CARRY_TO_A -> " lda  #0 |  adc  #0"
-        Opcode.JUMP -> {
-            if(ins.callLabel!=null)
-                " jmp  ${ins.callLabel}"
-            else
-                " jmp  ${hexVal(ins)}"
-        }
-        Opcode.CALL -> {
-            if(ins.callLabel!=null)
-                " jsr  ${ins.callLabel}"
-            else
-                " jsr  ${hexVal(ins)}"
-        }
-        Opcode.RETURN -> " rts"
-        Opcode.RSAVE -> {
-            // save cpu status flag and all registers A, X, Y.
-            // see http://6502.org/tutorials/register_preservation.html
-            " php |  sta  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_REG} | pha  | txa  | pha  | tya  | pha  | lda  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_REG}"
-        }
-        Opcode.RRESTORE -> {
-            // restore all registers and cpu status flag
-            " pla |  tay |  pla |  tax |  pla |  plp"
-        }
-        Opcode.RSAVEX -> " sta  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_REG} |  txa |  pha |  lda  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_REG}"
-        Opcode.RRESTOREX -> " sta  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_REG} |  pla |  tax |  lda  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_REG}"
-        Opcode.DISCARD_BYTE -> " inx"
-        Opcode.DISCARD_WORD -> " inx"
-        Opcode.DISCARD_FLOAT -> " inx |  inx |  inx"
-        Opcode.DUP_B -> {
-            " lda $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x | sta $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x | dex | ;DUP_B "
-        }
-        Opcode.DUP_W -> {
-            " lda $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x | sta $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x | lda $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x | sta $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x | dex "
-        }
-
-        Opcode.CMP_B, Opcode.CMP_UB -> {
-            " inx | lda $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x | cmp #${ins.arg!!.integerValue().toHex()} | ;CMP_B "
-        }
-
-        Opcode.CMP_W, Opcode.CMP_UW -> {
-            """
-            inx
-            lda   $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
-            cmp   #>${ins.arg!!.integerValue().toHex()}
-            bne   +
-            lda   $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
-            cmp   #<${ins.arg.integerValue().toHex()}
-            ; bne   +    not necessary?
-            ; lda   #0   not necessary?
-+                           
-            """
-        }
-
-        Opcode.INLINE_ASSEMBLY ->  "@inline@" + (ins.callLabel2 ?: "")      // All of the inline assembly is stored in the calllabel2 property. the '@inline@' is a special marker to accept it.
-        Opcode.INCLUDE_FILE -> {
-            val offset = if(ins.arg==null) "" else ", ${ins.arg.integerValue()}"
-            val length = if(ins.arg2==null) "" else ", ${ins.arg2.integerValue()}"
-            " .binary  \"${ins.callLabel}\" $offset $length"
-        }
-        Opcode.SYSCALL -> {
-            if (ins.arg!!.numericValue() in syscallsForStackVm.map { it.callNr })
-                throw CompilerException("cannot translate vm syscalls to real assembly calls - use *real* subroutine calls instead. Syscall ${ins.arg.numericValue()}")
-            val call = Syscall.values().find { it.callNr==ins.arg.numericValue() }
-            when(call) {
-                Syscall.FUNC_SIN,
-                Syscall.FUNC_COS,
-                Syscall.FUNC_ABS,
-                Syscall.FUNC_TAN,
-                Syscall.FUNC_ATAN,
-                Syscall.FUNC_LN,
-                Syscall.FUNC_LOG2,
-                Syscall.FUNC_SQRT,
-                Syscall.FUNC_RAD,
-                Syscall.FUNC_DEG,
-                Syscall.FUNC_ROUND,
-                Syscall.FUNC_FLOOR,
-                Syscall.FUNC_CEIL,
-                Syscall.FUNC_RNDF,
-                Syscall.FUNC_ANY_F,
-                Syscall.FUNC_ALL_F,
-                Syscall.FUNC_MAX_F,
-                Syscall.FUNC_MIN_F,
-                Syscall.FUNC_SUM_F -> " jsr  c64flt.${call.name.toLowerCase()}"
-                null -> ""
-                else -> " jsr  prog8_lib.${call.name.toLowerCase()}"
-            }
-        }
-        Opcode.BREAKPOINT -> {
-            breakpointCounter++
-            "_prog8_breakpoint_$breakpointCounter\tnop"
-        }
-
-        Opcode.PUSH_BYTE -> {
-            " lda  #${hexVal(ins)} |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  dex"
-        }
-        Opcode.PUSH_WORD -> {
-            val value = hexVal(ins)
-            " lda  #<$value |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  lda  #>$value |  sta  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x |  dex"
-        }
-        Opcode.PUSH_FLOAT -> {
-            val floatConst = getFloatConst(ins.arg!!)
-            " lda  #<$floatConst |  ldy  #>$floatConst |  jsr  c64flt.push_float"
-        }
-        Opcode.PUSH_VAR_BYTE -> {
-            when(ins.callLabel) {
-                "X" -> throw CompilerException("makes no sense to push X, it's used as a stack pointer itself. You should probably not use the X register (or only in trivial assignments)")
-                "A" -> " sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  dex"
-                "Y" -> " tya |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  dex"
-                else -> " lda  ${ins.callLabel} |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  dex"
-            }
-        }
-        Opcode.PUSH_VAR_WORD -> {
-            " lda  ${ins.callLabel} |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  lda  ${ins.callLabel}+1 |    sta  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x |  dex"
-        }
-        Opcode.PUSH_VAR_FLOAT -> " lda  #<${ins.callLabel} |  ldy  #>${ins.callLabel}|  jsr  c64flt.push_float"
-        Opcode.PUSH_MEM_B, Opcode.PUSH_MEM_UB -> {
-            """
-                lda  ${hexVal(ins)}
-                sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
-                dex
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.PUSH_MEM_W, Opcode.PUSH_MEM_UW -> {
-            """
-                lda  ${hexVal(ins)}
-                sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
-                lda  ${hexValPlusOne(ins)}
-                sta  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
-                dex
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.PUSH_MEM_FLOAT -> {
-            " lda  #<${hexVal(ins)} |  ldy  #>${hexVal(ins)}|  jsr  c64flt.push_float"
-        }
-        Opcode.PUSH_MEMREAD -> {
-            """
-                lda  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
-                sta  (+) +1
-                lda  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x
-                sta  (+) +2
-+               lda  65535    ; modified
-                sta  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
-                """
-        }
-
-        Opcode.PUSH_REGAY_WORD -> {
-            " sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  tya |  sta  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x |  dex "
-        }
-        Opcode.PUSH_ADDR_HEAPVAR -> {
-            " lda  #<${ins.callLabel} |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  lda  #>${ins.callLabel}  |  sta  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x |  dex"
-        }
-        Opcode.POP_REGAX_WORD -> throw AssemblyError("cannot load X register from stack because it's used as the stack pointer itself")
-        Opcode.POP_REGXY_WORD -> throw AssemblyError("cannot load X register from stack because it's used as the stack pointer itself")
-        Opcode.POP_REGAY_WORD -> {
-            " inx |  lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  ldy  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x "
-        }
-
-        Opcode.READ_INDEXED_VAR_BYTE -> {
-            """
-                ldy  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
-                lda  ${ins.callLabel},y
-                sta  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.READ_INDEXED_VAR_WORD -> {
-            """
-                lda  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
-                asl  a
-                tay
-                lda  ${ins.callLabel},y
-                sta  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
-                lda  ${ins.callLabel}+1,y
-                sta  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.READ_INDEXED_VAR_FLOAT -> {
-            """
-                lda  #<${ins.callLabel}
-                ldy  #>${ins.callLabel}
-                jsr  c64flt.push_float_from_indexed_var
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.WRITE_INDEXED_VAR_BYTE -> {
-            """
-                inx
-                ldy  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
-                inx
-                lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
-                sta  ${ins.callLabel},y
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.WRITE_INDEXED_VAR_WORD -> {
-            """
-                inx
-                lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
-                asl  a
-                tay
-                inx
-                lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
-                sta  ${ins.callLabel},y
-                lda  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
-                sta  ${ins.callLabel}+1,y
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.WRITE_INDEXED_VAR_FLOAT -> {
-            """
-                lda  #<${ins.callLabel}
-                ldy  #>${ins.callLabel}
-                jsr  c64flt.pop_float_to_indexed_var
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.POP_MEM_BYTE -> {
-            """
-                inx
-                lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
-                sta  ${hexVal(ins)}
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.POP_MEM_WORD -> {
-            """
-                inx
-                lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
-                sta  ${hexVal(ins)}
-                lda  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
-                sta  ${hexValPlusOne(ins)}
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.POP_MEM_FLOAT -> {
-            " lda  ${hexVal(ins)} |  ldy  ${hexValPlusOne(ins)} |  jsr  c64flt.pop_float"
-        }
-        Opcode.POP_MEMWRITE -> {
-            """
-                inx
-                lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
-                sta  (+) +1
-                lda  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
-                sta  (+) +2
-                inx
-                lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
-+               sta  65535       ; modified
-                """
-        }
-
-        Opcode.POP_VAR_BYTE -> {
-            when (ins.callLabel) {
-                "X" -> throw CompilerException("makes no sense to pop X, it's used as a stack pointer itself")
-                "A" -> " inx |  lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x"
-                "Y" -> " inx |  ldy  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x"
-                else -> " inx |  lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  sta  ${ins.callLabel}"
-            }
-        }
-        Opcode.POP_VAR_WORD -> {
-            " inx |  lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  ldy  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x |  sta  ${ins.callLabel} |  sty  ${ins.callLabel}+1"
-        }
-        Opcode.POP_VAR_FLOAT -> {
-            " lda  #<${ins.callLabel} |  ldy  #>${ins.callLabel} |  jsr  c64flt.pop_float"
-        }
-
-        Opcode.INC_VAR_UB, Opcode.INC_VAR_B -> {
-            when (ins.callLabel) {
-                "A" -> " clc |  adc  #1"
-                "X" -> " inx"
-                "Y" -> " iny"
-                else -> " inc  ${ins.callLabel}"
-            }
-        }
-        Opcode.INC_VAR_UW, Opcode.INC_VAR_W -> {
-            " inc  ${ins.callLabel} |  bne  + |  inc  ${ins.callLabel}+1 |+"
-        }
-        Opcode.INC_VAR_F -> {
-            """
-                lda  #<${ins.callLabel}
-                ldy  #>${ins.callLabel}
-                jsr  c64flt.inc_var_f
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.POP_INC_MEMORY -> {
-            """
-                inx
-                lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
-                sta  (+) +1
-                lda  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
-                sta  (+) +2
-+               inc  65535     ; modified
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.POP_DEC_MEMORY -> {
-            """
-                inx
-                lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
-                sta  (+) +1
-                lda  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
-                sta  (+) +2
-+               dec  65535     ; modified
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.DEC_VAR_UB, Opcode.DEC_VAR_B -> {
-            when (ins.callLabel) {
-                "A" -> " sec |  sbc  #1"
-                "X" -> " dex"
-                "Y" -> " dey"
-                else -> " dec  ${ins.callLabel}"
-            }
-        }
-        Opcode.DEC_VAR_UW, Opcode.DEC_VAR_W -> {
-            " lda  ${ins.callLabel} |  bne  + |  dec  ${ins.callLabel}+1 |+ |  dec  ${ins.callLabel}"
-        }
-        Opcode.DEC_VAR_F -> {
-            """
-                lda  #<${ins.callLabel}
-                ldy  #>${ins.callLabel}
-                jsr  c64flt.dec_var_f
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.INC_MEMORY -> " inc  ${hexVal(ins)}"
-        Opcode.DEC_MEMORY -> " dec  ${hexVal(ins)}"
-        Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_B, Opcode.INC_INDEXED_VAR_UB -> " inx |  txa |  pha |  lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  tax |  inc  ${ins.callLabel},x |  pla |  tax"
-        Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_B, Opcode.DEC_INDEXED_VAR_UB -> " inx |  txa |  pha |  lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  tax |  dec  ${ins.callLabel},x |  pla |  tax"
-
-        Opcode.NEG_B -> " jsr  prog8_lib.neg_b"
-        Opcode.NEG_W -> " jsr  prog8_lib.neg_w"
-        Opcode.NEG_F -> " jsr  c64flt.neg_f"
-        Opcode.ABS_B -> " jsr  prog8_lib.abs_b"
-        Opcode.ABS_W -> " jsr  prog8_lib.abs_w"
-        Opcode.ABS_F -> " jsr  c64flt.abs_f"
-        Opcode.POW_F -> " jsr  c64flt.pow_f"
-        Opcode.INV_BYTE -> {
-            """
-                lda  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
-                eor  #255
-                sta  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.INV_WORD -> " jsr  prog8_lib.inv_word"
-        Opcode.NOT_BYTE -> " jsr  prog8_lib.not_byte"
-        Opcode.NOT_WORD -> " jsr  prog8_lib.not_word"
-        Opcode.BCS -> {
-            val label = ins.callLabel ?: hexVal(ins)
-            " bcs  $label"
-        }
-        Opcode.BCC -> {
-            val label = ins.callLabel ?: hexVal(ins)
-            " bcc  $label"
-        }
-        Opcode.BNEG -> {
-            val label = ins.callLabel ?: hexVal(ins)
-            " bmi  $label"
-        }
-        Opcode.BPOS -> {
-            val label = ins.callLabel ?: hexVal(ins)
-            " bpl  $label"
-        }
-        Opcode.BVC -> {
-            val label = ins.callLabel ?: hexVal(ins)
-            " bvc  $label"
-        }
-        Opcode.BVS -> {
-            val label = ins.callLabel ?: hexVal(ins)
-            " bvs  $label"
-        }
-        Opcode.BZ -> {
-            val label = ins.callLabel ?: hexVal(ins)
-            " beq  $label"
-        }
-        Opcode.BNZ -> {
-            val label = ins.callLabel ?: hexVal(ins)
-            " bne  $label"
-        }
-        Opcode.JZ -> {
-            val label = ins.callLabel ?: hexVal(ins)
-            """
-                inx
-                lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
-                beq  $label
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.JZW -> {
-            val label = ins.callLabel ?: hexVal(ins)
-            """
-                inx
-                lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
-                beq  $label
-                lda  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
-                beq  $label
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.JNZ -> {
-            val label = ins.callLabel ?: hexVal(ins)
-            """
-                inx
-                lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
-                bne  $label
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.JNZW -> {
-            val label = ins.callLabel ?: hexVal(ins)
-            """
-                inx
-                lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
-                bne  $label
-                lda  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
-                bne  $label
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.CAST_B_TO_UB -> ""  // is a no-op, just carry on with the byte as-is
-        Opcode.CAST_UB_TO_B -> ""  // is a no-op, just carry on with the byte as-is
-        Opcode.CAST_W_TO_UW -> ""  // is a no-op, just carry on with the word as-is
-        Opcode.CAST_UW_TO_W -> ""  // is a no-op, just carry on with the word as-is
-        Opcode.CAST_W_TO_UB -> ""  // is a no-op, just carry on with the lsb of the word as-is
-        Opcode.CAST_W_TO_B -> ""  // is a no-op, just carry on with the lsb of the word as-is
-        Opcode.CAST_UW_TO_UB -> ""  // is a no-op, just carry on with the lsb of the uword as-is
-        Opcode.CAST_UW_TO_B -> ""  // is a no-op, just carry on with the lsb of the uword as-is
-        Opcode.CAST_UB_TO_F -> " jsr  c64flt.stack_ub2float"
-        Opcode.CAST_B_TO_F -> " jsr  c64flt.stack_b2float"
-        Opcode.CAST_UW_TO_F -> " jsr  c64flt.stack_uw2float"
-        Opcode.CAST_W_TO_F -> " jsr  c64flt.stack_w2float"
-        Opcode.CAST_F_TO_UB -> " jsr  c64flt.stack_float2uw"
-        Opcode.CAST_F_TO_B -> " jsr  c64flt.stack_float2w"
-        Opcode.CAST_F_TO_UW -> " jsr  c64flt.stack_float2uw"
-        Opcode.CAST_F_TO_W -> " jsr  c64flt.stack_float2w"
-        Opcode.CAST_UB_TO_UW, Opcode.CAST_UB_TO_W -> " lda  #0 |  sta  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x"     // clear the msb
-        Opcode.CAST_B_TO_UW, Opcode.CAST_B_TO_W -> " lda  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x |  ${signExtendA("$ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x")}"     // sign extend the lsb
-        Opcode.MSB -> " lda  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x"
-        Opcode.MKWORD -> " inx |  lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  sta  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x "
-
-        Opcode.ADD_UB, Opcode.ADD_B -> {        // TODO inline better (pattern with more opcodes)
-            """
-                lda  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS2_HEX,x
-                clc
-                adc  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
-                inx
-                sta  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.SUB_UB, Opcode.SUB_B -> {        // TODO inline better (pattern with more opcodes)
-            """
-                lda  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS2_HEX,x
-                sec
-                sbc  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
-                inx
-                sta  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
-                """
-        }
-        Opcode.ADD_W, Opcode.ADD_UW -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.add_w"
-        Opcode.SUB_W, Opcode.SUB_UW -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.sub_w"
-        Opcode.MUL_B, Opcode.MUL_UB -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.mul_byte"
-        Opcode.MUL_W, Opcode.MUL_UW -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.mul_word"
-        Opcode.MUL_F -> "  jsr  c64flt.mul_f"
-        Opcode.ADD_F -> "  jsr  c64flt.add_f"
-        Opcode.SUB_F -> "  jsr  c64flt.sub_f"
-        Opcode.DIV_F -> "  jsr  c64flt.div_f"
-        Opcode.IDIV_UB -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.idiv_ub"
-        Opcode.IDIV_B -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.idiv_b"
-        Opcode.IDIV_W -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.idiv_w"
-        Opcode.IDIV_UW -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.idiv_uw"
-
-        Opcode.AND_BYTE -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.and_b"
-        Opcode.OR_BYTE -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.or_b"
-        Opcode.XOR_BYTE -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.xor_b"
-        Opcode.AND_WORD -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.and_w"
-        Opcode.OR_WORD -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.or_w"
-        Opcode.XOR_WORD -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.xor_w"
-
-        Opcode.BITAND_BYTE -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.bitand_b"
-        Opcode.BITOR_BYTE -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.bitor_b"
-        Opcode.BITXOR_BYTE -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.bitxor_b"
-        Opcode.BITAND_WORD -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.bitand_w"
-        Opcode.BITOR_WORD -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.bitor_w"
-        Opcode.BITXOR_WORD -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.bitxor_w"
-
-        Opcode.REMAINDER_UB -> "  jsr prog8_lib.remainder_ub"
-        Opcode.REMAINDER_UW -> "  jsr prog8_lib.remainder_uw"
-
-        Opcode.GREATER_B -> "  jsr prog8_lib.greater_b"
-        Opcode.GREATER_UB -> "  jsr prog8_lib.greater_ub"
-        Opcode.GREATER_W -> "  jsr prog8_lib.greater_w"
-        Opcode.GREATER_UW -> "  jsr prog8_lib.greater_uw"
-        Opcode.GREATER_F -> "  jsr c64flt.greater_f"
-
-        Opcode.GREATEREQ_B -> "  jsr prog8_lib.greatereq_b"
-        Opcode.GREATEREQ_UB -> "  jsr prog8_lib.greatereq_ub"
-        Opcode.GREATEREQ_W -> "  jsr prog8_lib.greatereq_w"
-        Opcode.GREATEREQ_UW -> "  jsr prog8_lib.greatereq_uw"
-        Opcode.GREATEREQ_F -> "  jsr c64flt.greatereq_f"
-
-        Opcode.EQUAL_BYTE -> "  jsr prog8_lib.equal_b"
-        Opcode.EQUAL_WORD -> "  jsr prog8_lib.equal_w"
-        Opcode.EQUAL_F -> "  jsr c64flt.equal_f"
-        Opcode.NOTEQUAL_BYTE -> "  jsr prog8_lib.notequal_b"
-        Opcode.NOTEQUAL_WORD -> "  jsr prog8_lib.notequal_w"
-        Opcode.NOTEQUAL_F -> "  jsr c64flt.notequal_f"
-
-        Opcode.LESS_UB -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.less_ub"
-        Opcode.LESS_B -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.less_b"
-        Opcode.LESS_UW -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.less_uw"
-        Opcode.LESS_W -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.less_w"
-        Opcode.LESS_F -> "  jsr  c64flt.less_f"
-
-        Opcode.LESSEQ_UB -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.lesseq_ub"
-        Opcode.LESSEQ_B -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.lesseq_b"
-        Opcode.LESSEQ_UW -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.lesseq_uw"
-        Opcode.LESSEQ_W -> "  jsr  prog8_lib.lesseq_w"
-        Opcode.LESSEQ_F -> "  jsr  c64flt.lesseq_f"
-
-        Opcode.SHIFTEDL_BYTE -> "  asl  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x"
-        Opcode.SHIFTEDL_WORD -> "  asl  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x |  rol  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x"
-        Opcode.SHIFTEDR_SBYTE -> "  lda  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x |  asl  a |  ror  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x"
-        Opcode.SHIFTEDR_UBYTE -> "  lsr  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x"
-        Opcode.SHIFTEDR_SWORD -> "  lda  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x |  asl a  |  ror  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x |  ror  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x"
-        Opcode.SHIFTEDR_UWORD -> "  lsr  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x |  ror  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x"
-
-        else -> null
-    }
-}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/c64/codegen/AsmGen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,871 @@
+package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen
+
+import prog8.ast.Node
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.antlr.escape
+import prog8.ast.base.*
+import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.compiler.*
+import prog8.compiler.target.IAssemblyGenerator
+import prog8.compiler.target.IAssemblyProgram
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.AssemblyProgram
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.ESTACK_LO_HEX
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.ESTACK_HI_HEX
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.Petscii
+import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.functions.FunctionSignature
+import java.math.RoundingMode
+import java.nio.file.Path
+import java.time.LocalDate
+import java.time.LocalDateTime
+import java.util.ArrayDeque
+import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
+
+
+internal class AsmGen(private val program: Program,
+             private val zeropage: Zeropage,
+             private val options: CompilationOptions,
+             private val outputDir: Path): IAssemblyGenerator {
+
+    private val assemblyLines = mutableListOf<String>()
+    private val globalFloatConsts = mutableMapOf<Double, String>()     // all float values in the entire program (value -> varname)
+    private val allocatedZeropageVariables = mutableMapOf<String, Pair<Int, DataType>>()
+    private val breakpointLabels = mutableListOf<String>()
+    private val builtinFunctionsAsmGen = BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(program, this)
+    private val forloopsAsmGen = ForLoopsAsmGen(program, this)
+    private val postincrdecrAsmGen = PostIncrDecrAsmGen(program, this)
+    private val functioncallAsmGen = FunctionCallAsmGen(program, this)
+    private val assignmentAsmGen = AssignmentAsmGen(program, this)
+    private val expressionsAsmGen = ExpressionsAsmGen(program, this)
+    internal val loopEndLabels = ArrayDeque<String>()
+    internal val loopContinueLabels = ArrayDeque<String>()
+
+    override fun compileToAssembly(optimize: Boolean): IAssemblyProgram {
+        assemblyLines.clear()
+        loopEndLabels.clear()
+        loopContinueLabels.clear()
+
+        println("Generating assembly code... ")
+
+        header()
+        val allBlocks = program.allBlocks()
+        if(allBlocks.first().name != "main")
+            throw AssemblyError("first block should be 'main'")
+        for(b in program.allBlocks())
+            block2asm(b)
+        footer()
+
+        if(optimize) {
+            var optimizationsDone = 1
+            while (optimizationsDone > 0) {
+                optimizationsDone = optimizeAssembly(assemblyLines)
+            }
+        }
+
+        val outputFile = outputDir.resolve("${program.name}.asm").toFile()
+        outputFile.printWriter().use {
+            for (line in assemblyLines) { it.println(line) }
+        }
+
+        return AssemblyProgram(program.name, outputDir)
+    }
+
+    private fun header() {
+        val ourName = this.javaClass.name
+        out("; 6502 assembly code for '${program.name}'")
+        out("; generated by $ourName on ${LocalDateTime.now().withNano(0)}")
+        out("; assembler syntax is for the 64tasm cross-assembler")
+        out("; output options: output=${options.output} launcher=${options.launcher} zp=${options.zeropage}")
+        out("\n.cpu  '6502'\n.enc  'none'\n")
+
+        program.actualLoadAddress = program.definedLoadAddress
+        if (program.actualLoadAddress == 0)   // fix load address
+            program.actualLoadAddress = if (options.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC)
+                C64MachineDefinition.BASIC_LOAD_ADDRESS else C64MachineDefinition.RAW_LOAD_ADDRESS
+
+        when {
+            options.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC -> {
+                if (program.actualLoadAddress != 0x0801)
+                    throw AssemblyError("BASIC output must have load address $0801")
+                out("; ---- basic program with sys call ----")
+                out("* = ${program.actualLoadAddress.toHex()}")
+                val year = LocalDate.now().year
+                out("  .word  (+), $year")
+                out("  .null  $9e, format(' %d ', _prog8_entrypoint), $3a, $8f, ' prog8 by idj'")
+                out("+\t.word  0")
+                out("_prog8_entrypoint\t; assembly code starts here\n")
+                out("  jsr  prog8_lib.init_system")
+            }
+            options.output == OutputType.PRG -> {
+                out("; ---- program without basic sys call ----")
+                out("* = ${program.actualLoadAddress.toHex()}\n")
+                out("  jsr  prog8_lib.init_system")
+            }
+            options.output == OutputType.RAW -> {
+                out("; ---- raw assembler program ----")
+                out("* = ${program.actualLoadAddress.toHex()}\n")
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (zeropage.exitProgramStrategy != Zeropage.ExitProgramStrategy.CLEAN_EXIT) {
+            // disable shift-commodore charset switching and run/stop key
+            out("  lda  #$80")
+            out("  lda  #$80")
+            out("  sta  657\t; disable charset switching")
+            out("  lda  #239")
+            out("  sta  808\t; disable run/stop key")
+        }
+
+        out("  ldx  #\$ff\t; init estack pointer")
+
+        out("  ; initialize the variables in each block")
+        for (block in program.allBlocks()) {
+            val initVarsSub = block.statements.singleOrNull { it is Subroutine && it.name == initvarsSubName }
+            if(initVarsSub!=null)
+                out("  jsr  ${block.name}.$initvarsSubName")
+        }
+
+        out("  clc")
+        when (zeropage.exitProgramStrategy) {
+            Zeropage.ExitProgramStrategy.CLEAN_EXIT -> {
+                out("  jmp  main.start\t; jump to program entrypoint")
+            }
+            Zeropage.ExitProgramStrategy.SYSTEM_RESET -> {
+                out("  jsr  main.start\t; call program entrypoint")
+                out("  jmp  (c64.RESET_VEC)\t; cold reset")
+            }
+        }
+        out("")
+    }
+
+    private fun footer() {
+        // the global list of all floating point constants for the whole program
+        out("; global float constants")
+        for (flt in globalFloatConsts) {
+            val mflpt5 = C64MachineDefinition.Mflpt5.fromNumber(flt.key)
+            val floatFill = makeFloatFill(mflpt5)
+            val floatvalue = flt.key
+            out("${flt.value}\t.byte  $floatFill  ; float $floatvalue")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun block2asm(block: Block) {
+        out("\n\n; ---- block: '${block.name}' ----")
+        out("${block.name}\t" + (if("force_output" in block.options()) ".block\n" else ".proc\n"))
+
+        if(block.address!=null) {
+            out(".cerror * > ${block.address.toHex()}, 'block address overlaps by ', *-${block.address.toHex()},' bytes'")
+            out("* = ${block.address.toHex()}")
+        }
+
+        outputSourceLine(block)
+        zeropagevars2asm(block.statements)
+        memdefs2asm(block.statements)
+        vardecls2asm(block.statements)
+        out("\n; subroutines in this block")
+
+        // first translate regular statements, and then put the subroutines at the end.
+        val (subroutine, stmts) = block.statements.partition { it is Subroutine }
+        stmts.forEach { translate(it) }
+        subroutine.forEach { translateSubroutine(it as Subroutine) }
+
+        out(if("force_output" in block.options()) "\n\t.bend\n" else "\n\t.pend\n")
+    }
+
+    private var generatedLabelSequenceNumber: Int = 0
+
+    internal fun makeLabel(postfix: String): String {
+        generatedLabelSequenceNumber++
+        return "_prog8_label_${generatedLabelSequenceNumber}_$postfix"
+    }
+
+    private fun outputSourceLine(node: Node) {
+        out(" ;\tsrc line: ${node.position.file}:${node.position.line}")
+    }
+
+    internal fun out(str: String, splitlines: Boolean = true) {
+        val fragment = (if(" | " in str) str.replace("|", "\n") else str).trim('\n')
+
+        if (splitlines) {
+            for (line in fragment.split('\n')) {
+                val trimmed = if (line.startsWith(' ')) "\t" + line.trim() else line.trim()
+                // trimmed = trimmed.replace(Regex("^\\+\\s+"), "+\t")  // sanitize local label indentation
+                assemblyLines.add(trimmed)
+            }
+        } else assemblyLines.add(fragment)
+    }
+
+    private fun makeFloatFill(flt: C64MachineDefinition.Mflpt5): String {
+        val b0 = "$" + flt.b0.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
+        val b1 = "$" + flt.b1.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
+        val b2 = "$" + flt.b2.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
+        val b3 = "$" + flt.b3.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
+        val b4 = "$" + flt.b4.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
+        return "$b0, $b1, $b2, $b3, $b4"
+    }
+
+    private fun petscii(str: String): List<Short> {
+         val bytes = Petscii.encodePetscii(str, true)
+         return bytes.plus(0)
+    }
+
+    private fun zeropagevars2asm(statements: List<Statement>) {
+        out("; vars allocated on zeropage")
+        val variables = statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>().filter { it.type==VarDeclType.VAR }
+        for(variable in variables) {
+            // should NOT allocate subroutine parameters on the zero page
+            val fullName = variable.scopedname
+            val zpVar = allocatedZeropageVariables[fullName]
+            if(zpVar==null) {
+                // This var is not on the ZP yet. Attempt to move it there (if it's not a float, those take up too much space)
+                if(variable.zeropage != ZeropageWish.NOT_IN_ZEROPAGE &&
+                        variable.datatype in zeropage.allowedDatatypes
+                        && variable.datatype != DataType.FLOAT
+                        && options.zeropage != ZeropageType.DONTUSE) {
+                    try {
+                        val address = zeropage.allocate(fullName, variable.datatype, null)
+                        out("${variable.name} = $address\t; auto zp ${variable.datatype}")
+                        // make sure we add the var to the set of zpvars for this block
+                        allocatedZeropageVariables[fullName] = Pair(address, variable.datatype)
+                    } catch (x: ZeropageDepletedError) {
+                        // leave it as it is.
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun vardecl2asm(decl: VarDecl) {
+        when (decl.datatype) {
+            DataType.UBYTE -> out("${decl.name}\t.byte  0")
+            DataType.BYTE -> out("${decl.name}\t.char  0")
+            DataType.UWORD -> out("${decl.name}\t.word  0")
+            DataType.WORD -> out("${decl.name}\t.sint  0")
+            DataType.FLOAT -> out("${decl.name}\t.byte  0,0,0,0,0  ; float")
+            DataType.STRUCT -> {}       // is flattened
+            DataType.STR -> {
+                val string = (decl.value as StringLiteralValue).value
+                outputStringvar(decl, petscii(string))
+            }
+            DataType.ARRAY_UB -> {
+                val data = makeArrayFillDataUnsigned(decl)
+                if (data.size <= 16)
+                    out("${decl.name}\t.byte  ${data.joinToString()}")
+                else {
+                    out(decl.name)
+                    for (chunk in data.chunked(16))
+                        out("  .byte  " + chunk.joinToString())
+                }
+            }
+            DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
+                val data = makeArrayFillDataSigned(decl)
+                if (data.size <= 16)
+                    out("${decl.name}\t.char  ${data.joinToString()}")
+                else {
+                    out(decl.name)
+                    for (chunk in data.chunked(16))
+                        out("  .char  " + chunk.joinToString())
+                }
+            }
+            DataType.ARRAY_UW -> {
+                val data = makeArrayFillDataUnsigned(decl)
+                if (data.size <= 16)
+                    out("${decl.name}\t.word  ${data.joinToString()}")
+                else {
+                    out(decl.name)
+                    for (chunk in data.chunked(16))
+                        out("  .word  " + chunk.joinToString())
+                }
+            }
+            DataType.ARRAY_W -> {
+                val data = makeArrayFillDataSigned(decl)
+                if (data.size <= 16)
+                    out("${decl.name}\t.sint  ${data.joinToString()}")
+                else {
+                    out(decl.name)
+                    for (chunk in data.chunked(16))
+                        out("  .sint  " + chunk.joinToString())
+                }
+            }
+            DataType.ARRAY_F -> {
+                val array = (decl.value as ArrayLiteralValue).value
+                val floatFills = array.map {
+                    val number = (it as NumericLiteralValue).number
+                    makeFloatFill(C64MachineDefinition.Mflpt5.fromNumber(number))
+                }
+                out(decl.name)
+                for (f in array.zip(floatFills))
+                    out("  .byte  ${f.second}  ; float ${f.first}")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun memdefs2asm(statements: List<Statement>) {
+        out("\n; memdefs and kernel subroutines")
+        val memvars = statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>().filter { it.type==VarDeclType.MEMORY || it.type==VarDeclType.CONST }
+        for(m in memvars) {
+            out("  ${m.name} = ${(m.value as NumericLiteralValue).number.toHex()}")
+        }
+        val asmSubs = statements.filterIsInstance<Subroutine>().filter { it.isAsmSubroutine }
+        for(sub in asmSubs) {
+            if(sub.asmAddress!=null) {
+                if(sub.statements.isNotEmpty())
+                    throw AssemblyError("kernel subroutine cannot have statements")
+                out("  ${sub.name} = ${sub.asmAddress.toHex()}")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun vardecls2asm(statements: List<Statement>) {
+        out("\n; non-zeropage variables")
+        val vars = statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>().filter { it.type==VarDeclType.VAR }
+
+        // first output the flattened struct member variables *in order*
+        // after that, the other variables sorted by their datatype
+
+        val (structMembers, normalVars) = vars.partition { it.struct!=null }
+        structMembers.forEach { vardecl2asm(it) }
+
+        // special treatment for string types: merge strings that are identical
+        val encodedstringVars = normalVars
+                .filter {it.datatype == DataType.STR }
+                .map { it to petscii((it.value as StringLiteralValue).value) }
+                .groupBy({it.second}, {it.first})
+        for((encoded, variables) in encodedstringVars) {
+            variables.dropLast(1).forEach { out(it.name) }
+            val lastvar = variables.last()
+            outputStringvar(lastvar, encoded)
+        }
+
+        // non-string variables
+        normalVars.filter{ it.datatype != DataType.STR }.sortedBy { it.datatype }.forEach {
+            if(it.scopedname !in allocatedZeropageVariables)
+                vardecl2asm(it)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun outputStringvar(lastvar: VarDecl, encoded: List<Short>) {
+        val string = (lastvar.value as StringLiteralValue).value
+        out("${lastvar.name}\t; ${lastvar.datatype} \"${escape(string).replace("\u0000", "<NULL>")}\"")
+        val outputBytes = encoded.map { "$" + it.toString(16).padStart(2, '0') }
+        for (chunk in outputBytes.chunked(16))
+            out("  .byte  " + chunk.joinToString())
+    }
+
+    private fun makeArrayFillDataUnsigned(decl: VarDecl): List<String> {
+        val array = (decl.value as ArrayLiteralValue).value
+        return when (decl.datatype) {
+            DataType.ARRAY_UB ->
+                // byte array can never contain pointer-to types, so treat values as all integers
+                array.map {
+                    val number = (it as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt()
+                    "$"+number.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
+                }
+            DataType.ARRAY_UW -> array.map {
+                if(it is NumericLiteralValue) {
+                    "$" + it.number.toInt().toString(16).padStart(4, '0')
+                } else {
+                    (it as AddressOf).identifier.nameInSource.joinToString(".")
+                }
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid arraysize type")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun makeArrayFillDataSigned(decl: VarDecl): List<String> {
+        val array = (decl.value as ArrayLiteralValue).value
+
+        return when {
+            decl.datatype == DataType.ARRAY_UB ->
+                // byte array can never contain pointer-to types, so treat values as all integers
+                array.map {
+                    val number = (it as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt()
+                    val hexnum = number.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
+                    "$$hexnum"
+                }
+            decl.datatype == DataType.ARRAY_B ->
+                // byte array can never contain pointer-to types, so treat values as all integers
+                array.map {
+                    val number = (it as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt()
+                    val hexnum = number.absoluteValue.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
+                    if(number>=0)
+                        "$$hexnum"
+                    else
+                        "-$$hexnum"
+                }
+            decl.datatype== DataType.ARRAY_UW -> array.map {
+                val number = (it as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt()
+                val hexnum = number.toString(16).padStart(4, '0')
+                "$$hexnum"
+            }
+            decl.datatype== DataType.ARRAY_W -> array.map {
+                val number = (it as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt()
+                val hexnum = number.absoluteValue.toString(16).padStart(4, '0')
+                if(number>=0)
+                    "$$hexnum"
+                else
+                    "-$$hexnum"
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid arraysize type ${decl.datatype}")
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal fun getFloatConst(number: Double): String {
+        // try to match the ROM float constants to save memory
+        val mflpt5 = C64MachineDefinition.Mflpt5.fromNumber(number)
+        val floatbytes = shortArrayOf(mflpt5.b0, mflpt5.b1, mflpt5.b2, mflpt5.b3, mflpt5.b4)
+        when {
+            floatbytes.contentEquals(shortArrayOf(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)) -> return "c64flt.FL_ZERO"
+            floatbytes.contentEquals(shortArrayOf(0x82, 0x49, 0x0f, 0xda, 0xa1)) -> return "c64flt.FL_PIVAL"
+            floatbytes.contentEquals(shortArrayOf(0x90, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)) -> return "c64flt.FL_N32768"
+            floatbytes.contentEquals(shortArrayOf(0x81, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)) -> return "c64flt.FL_FONE"
+            floatbytes.contentEquals(shortArrayOf(0x80, 0x35, 0x04, 0xf3, 0x34)) -> return "c64flt.FL_SQRHLF"
+            floatbytes.contentEquals(shortArrayOf(0x81, 0x35, 0x04, 0xf3, 0x34)) -> return "c64flt.FL_SQRTWO"
+            floatbytes.contentEquals(shortArrayOf(0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)) -> return "c64flt.FL_NEGHLF"
+            floatbytes.contentEquals(shortArrayOf(0x80, 0x31, 0x72, 0x17, 0xf8)) -> return "c64flt.FL_LOG2"
+            floatbytes.contentEquals(shortArrayOf(0x84, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)) -> return "c64flt.FL_TENC"
+            floatbytes.contentEquals(shortArrayOf(0x9e, 0x6e, 0x6b, 0x28, 0x00)) -> return "c64flt.FL_NZMIL"
+            floatbytes.contentEquals(shortArrayOf(0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)) -> return "c64flt.FL_FHALF"
+            floatbytes.contentEquals(shortArrayOf(0x81, 0x38, 0xaa, 0x3b, 0x29)) -> return "c64flt.FL_LOGEB2"
+            floatbytes.contentEquals(shortArrayOf(0x81, 0x49, 0x0f, 0xda, 0xa2)) -> return "c64flt.FL_PIHALF"
+            floatbytes.contentEquals(shortArrayOf(0x83, 0x49, 0x0f, 0xda, 0xa2)) -> return "c64flt.FL_TWOPI"
+            floatbytes.contentEquals(shortArrayOf(0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)) -> return "c64flt.FL_FR4"
+            else -> {
+                // attempt to correct for a few rounding issues
+                when (number.toBigDecimal().setScale(10, RoundingMode.HALF_DOWN).toDouble()) {
+                    3.1415926536 -> return "c64flt.FL_PIVAL"
+                    1.4142135624 -> return "c64flt.FL_SQRTWO"
+                    0.7071067812 -> return "c64flt.FL_SQRHLF"
+                    0.6931471806 -> return "c64flt.FL_LOG2"
+                    else -> {}
+                }
+
+                // no ROM float const for this value, create our own
+                val name = globalFloatConsts[number]
+                if(name!=null)
+                    return name
+                val newName = "prog8_float_const_${globalFloatConsts.size}"
+                globalFloatConsts[number] = newName
+                return newName
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal fun signExtendAtoMsb(destination: String) =
+            """
+        ora  #$7f
+        bmi  +
+        lda  #0
++       sta  $destination
+        """
+
+    internal fun asmIdentifierName(identifier: IdentifierReference): String {
+        val name = if(identifier.memberOfStruct(program.namespace)!=null) {
+            identifier.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!.name
+        } else {
+            identifier.nameInSource.joinToString(".")
+        }
+        return fixNameSymbols(name)
+    }
+
+    internal fun fixNameSymbols(name: String) = name.replace("<", "prog8_").replace(">", "")     // take care of the autogenerated invalid (anon) label names
+
+    private fun branchInstruction(condition: BranchCondition, complement: Boolean) =
+            if(complement) {
+                when (condition) {
+                    BranchCondition.CS -> "bcc"
+                    BranchCondition.CC -> "bcs"
+                    BranchCondition.EQ, BranchCondition.Z -> "beq"
+                    BranchCondition.NE, BranchCondition.NZ -> "bne"
+                    BranchCondition.VS -> "bvc"
+                    BranchCondition.VC -> "bvs"
+                    BranchCondition.MI, BranchCondition.NEG -> "bmi"
+                    BranchCondition.PL, BranchCondition.POS -> "bpl"
+                }
+            } else {
+                when (condition) {
+                    BranchCondition.CS -> "bcs"
+                    BranchCondition.CC -> "bcc"
+                    BranchCondition.EQ, BranchCondition.Z -> "beq"
+                    BranchCondition.NE, BranchCondition.NZ -> "bne"
+                    BranchCondition.VS -> "bvs"
+                    BranchCondition.VC -> "bvc"
+                    BranchCondition.MI, BranchCondition.NEG -> "bmi"
+                    BranchCondition.PL, BranchCondition.POS -> "bpl"
+                }
+            }
+
+    internal fun readAndPushArrayvalueWithIndexA(arrayDt: DataType, variable: IdentifierReference) {
+        val variablename = asmIdentifierName(variable)
+        when (arrayDt) {
+            DataType.STR, DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B ->
+                out("  tay |  lda  $variablename,y |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  dex")
+            DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W ->
+                out("  asl  a |  tay |  lda  $variablename,y |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  lda  $variablename+1,y |  sta  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x | dex")
+            DataType.ARRAY_F ->
+                // index * 5 is done in the subroutine that's called
+                out("""
+                    sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+                    dex
+                    lda  #<$variablename
+                    ldy  #>$variablename
+                    jsr  c64flt.push_float_from_indexed_var
+                """)
+            else ->
+                throw AssemblyError("weird array type")
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal fun saveRegister(register: Register) {
+        when(register) {
+            Register.A -> out("  pha")
+            Register.X -> out("  txa | pha")
+            Register.Y -> out("  tya | pha")
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal fun restoreRegister(register: Register) {
+        when(register) {
+            Register.A -> out("  pla")
+            Register.X -> out("  pla | tax")
+            Register.Y -> out("  pla | tay")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateSubroutine(sub: Subroutine) {
+        out("")
+        outputSourceLine(sub)
+
+        if(sub.isAsmSubroutine) {
+            if(sub.asmAddress!=null)
+                return  // already done at the memvars section
+
+            // asmsub with most likely just an inline asm in it
+            out("${sub.name}\t.proc")
+            sub.statements.forEach{ translate(it) }
+            out("  .pend\n")
+        } else {
+            // regular subroutine
+            out("${sub.name}\t.proc")
+            zeropagevars2asm(sub.statements)
+            memdefs2asm(sub.statements)
+            out("; statements")
+            sub.statements.forEach{ translate(it) }
+            out("; variables")
+            vardecls2asm(sub.statements)
+            out("  .pend\n")
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal fun translate(stmt: Statement) {
+        outputSourceLine(stmt)
+        when(stmt) {
+            is VarDecl, is StructDecl, is NopStatement -> {}
+            is Directive -> translate(stmt)
+            is Return -> translate(stmt)
+            is Subroutine -> translateSubroutine(stmt)
+            is InlineAssembly -> translate(stmt)
+            is FunctionCallStatement -> {
+                val functionName = stmt.target.nameInSource.last()
+                val builtinFunc = BuiltinFunctions[functionName]
+                if(builtinFunc!=null) {
+                    builtinFunctionsAsmGen.translateFunctioncallStatement(stmt, builtinFunc)
+                } else {
+                    functioncallAsmGen.translateFunctionCall(stmt)
+                    // discard any results from the stack:
+                    val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program.namespace)!!
+                    val returns = sub.returntypes.zip(sub.asmReturnvaluesRegisters)
+                    for((t, reg) in returns) {
+                        if(reg.stack) {
+                            if (t in IntegerDatatypes || t in PassByReferenceDatatypes) out("  inx")
+                            else if (t == DataType.FLOAT) out("  inx |  inx |  inx")
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            is Assignment -> assignmentAsmGen.translate(stmt)
+            is Jump -> translate(stmt)
+            is PostIncrDecr -> postincrdecrAsmGen.translate(stmt)
+            is Label -> translate(stmt)
+            is BranchStatement -> translate(stmt)
+            is IfStatement -> translate(stmt)
+            is ForLoop -> forloopsAsmGen.translate(stmt)
+            is Continue -> out("  jmp  ${loopContinueLabels.peek()}")
+            is Break -> out("  jmp  ${loopEndLabels.peek()}")
+            is WhileLoop -> translate(stmt)
+            is RepeatLoop -> translate(stmt)
+            is WhenStatement -> translate(stmt)
+            is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder -> throw AssemblyError("builtin function should not have placeholder anymore?")
+            is AnonymousScope -> translate(stmt)
+            is Block -> throw AssemblyError("block should have been handled elsewhere")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translate(stmt: IfStatement) {
+        expressionsAsmGen.translateExpression(stmt.condition)
+        translateTestStack(stmt.condition.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT))
+        val elseLabel = makeLabel("if_else")
+        val endLabel = makeLabel("if_end")
+        out("  beq  $elseLabel")
+        translate(stmt.truepart)
+        out("  jmp  $endLabel")
+        out(elseLabel)
+        translate(stmt.elsepart)
+        out(endLabel)
+    }
+
+    private fun translateTestStack(dataType: DataType) {
+        when(dataType) {
+            in ByteDatatypes -> out("  inx |  lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x")
+            in WordDatatypes -> out("  inx |  lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  ora  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x")
+            DataType.FLOAT -> throw AssemblyError("conditional value should be an integer (boolean)")
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("non-numerical dt")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translate(stmt: WhileLoop) {
+        val whileLabel = makeLabel("while")
+        val endLabel = makeLabel("whileend")
+        loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
+        loopContinueLabels.push(whileLabel)
+        out(whileLabel)
+        // TODO optimize for the simple cases, can we avoid stack use?
+        expressionsAsmGen.translateExpression(stmt.condition)
+        val conditionDt = stmt.condition.inferType(program)
+        if(!conditionDt.isKnown)
+            throw AssemblyError("unknown condition dt")
+        if(conditionDt.typeOrElse(DataType.BYTE) in ByteDatatypes) {
+            out("  inx |  lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x  |  beq  $endLabel")
+        } else {
+            out("""
+                inx
+                lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+                bne  +
+                lda  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
+                beq  $endLabel
++  """)
+        }
+        translate(stmt.body)
+        out("  jmp  $whileLabel")
+        out(endLabel)
+        loopEndLabels.pop()
+        loopContinueLabels.pop()
+    }
+
+    private fun translate(stmt: RepeatLoop) {
+        val repeatLabel = makeLabel("repeat")
+        val endLabel = makeLabel("repeatend")
+        loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
+        loopContinueLabels.push(repeatLabel)
+        out(repeatLabel)
+        // TODO optimize this for the simple cases, can we avoid stack use?
+        translate(stmt.body)
+        expressionsAsmGen.translateExpression(stmt.untilCondition)
+        val conditionDt = stmt.untilCondition.inferType(program)
+        if(!conditionDt.isKnown)
+            throw AssemblyError("unknown condition dt")
+        if(conditionDt.typeOrElse(DataType.BYTE) in ByteDatatypes) {
+            out("  inx |  lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x  |  beq  $repeatLabel")
+        } else {
+            out("""
+                inx
+                lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+                bne  +
+                lda  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
+                beq  $repeatLabel
++ """)
+        }
+        out(endLabel)
+        loopEndLabels.pop()
+        loopContinueLabels.pop()
+    }
+
+    private fun translate(stmt: WhenStatement) {
+        expressionsAsmGen.translateExpression(stmt.condition)
+        val endLabel = makeLabel("choice_end")
+        val choiceBlocks = mutableListOf<Pair<String, AnonymousScope>>()
+        val conditionDt = stmt.condition.inferType(program)
+        if(!conditionDt.isKnown)
+            throw AssemblyError("unknown condition dt")
+        if(conditionDt.typeOrElse(DataType.BYTE) in ByteDatatypes)
+            out("  inx |  lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x")
+        else
+            out("  inx |  lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  ldy  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x")
+        for(choice in stmt.choices) {
+            val choiceLabel = makeLabel("choice")
+            if(choice.values==null) {
+                // the else choice
+                translate(choice.statements)
+                out("  jmp  $endLabel")
+            } else {
+                choiceBlocks.add(Pair(choiceLabel, choice.statements))
+                for (cv in choice.values!!) {
+                    val value = (cv as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt()
+                    if(conditionDt.typeOrElse(DataType.BYTE) in ByteDatatypes) {
+                        out("  cmp  #${value.toHex()} |  beq  $choiceLabel")
+                    } else {
+                        out("""
+                            cmp  #<${value.toHex()}
+                            bne  +
+                            cpy  #>${value.toHex()}
+                            beq  $choiceLabel
++                            
+                            """)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for(choiceBlock in choiceBlocks) {
+            out(choiceBlock.first)
+            translate(choiceBlock.second)
+            out("  jmp  $endLabel")
+        }
+        out(endLabel)
+    }
+
+    private fun translate(stmt: Label) {
+        out(stmt.name)
+    }
+
+    private fun translate(scope: AnonymousScope) {
+        // note: the variables defined in an anonymous scope have been moved to their defining subroutine's scope
+        scope.statements.forEach{ translate(it) }
+    }
+
+    private fun translate(stmt: BranchStatement) {
+        if(stmt.truepart.containsNoCodeNorVars() && stmt.elsepart.containsCodeOrVars())
+            throw AssemblyError("only else part contains code, shoud have been switched already")
+
+        val jump = stmt.truepart.statements.first() as? Jump
+        if(jump!=null) {
+            // branch with only a jump
+            val instruction = branchInstruction(stmt.condition, false)
+            out("  $instruction  ${getJumpTarget(jump)}")
+            translate(stmt.elsepart)
+        } else {
+            if(stmt.elsepart.containsNoCodeNorVars()) {
+                val instruction = branchInstruction(stmt.condition, true)
+                val elseLabel = makeLabel("branch_else")
+                out("  $instruction  $elseLabel")
+                translate(stmt.truepart)
+                out(elseLabel)
+            } else {
+                val instruction = branchInstruction(stmt.condition, false)
+                val trueLabel = makeLabel("branch_true")
+                val endLabel = makeLabel("branch_end")
+                out("  $instruction  $trueLabel")
+                translate(stmt.elsepart)
+                out("  jmp  $endLabel")
+                out(trueLabel)
+                translate(stmt.truepart)
+                out(endLabel)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translate(stmt: Directive) {
+        when(stmt.directive) {
+            "%asminclude" -> {
+                val sourcecode = loadAsmIncludeFile(stmt.args[0].str!!, stmt.definingModule().source)
+                val scopeprefix = stmt.args[1].str ?: ""
+                if(!scopeprefix.isBlank())
+                    out("$scopeprefix\t.proc")
+                assemblyLines.add(sourcecode.trimEnd().trimStart('\n'))
+                if(!scopeprefix.isBlank())
+                    out("  .pend\n")
+            }
+            "%asmbinary" -> {
+                val offset = if(stmt.args.size>1) ", ${stmt.args[1].int}" else ""
+                val length = if(stmt.args.size>2) ", ${stmt.args[2].int}" else ""
+                out("  .binary \"${stmt.args[0].str}\" $offset $length")
+            }
+            "%breakpoint" -> {
+                val label = "_prog8_breakpoint_${breakpointLabels.size+1}"
+                breakpointLabels.add(label)
+                out("$label\tnop")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translate(jmp: Jump) {
+        out("  jmp  ${getJumpTarget(jmp)}")
+    }
+
+    private fun getJumpTarget(jmp: Jump): String {
+        return when {
+            jmp.identifier!=null -> asmIdentifierName(jmp.identifier)
+            jmp.generatedLabel!=null -> jmp.generatedLabel
+            jmp.address!=null -> jmp.address.toHex()
+            else -> "????"
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translate(ret: Return) {
+        ret.value?.let { expressionsAsmGen.translateExpression(it) }
+        out("  rts")
+    }
+
+    private fun translate(asm: InlineAssembly) {
+        val assembly = asm.assembly.trimEnd().trimStart('\n')
+        assemblyLines.add(assembly)
+    }
+
+    internal fun translateArrayIndexIntoA(expr: ArrayIndexedExpression) {
+        when (val index = expr.arrayspec.index) {
+            is NumericLiteralValue -> throw AssemblyError("this should be optimized directly")
+            is RegisterExpr -> {
+                when (index.register) {
+                    Register.A -> {}
+                    Register.X -> out("  txa")
+                    Register.Y -> out("  tya")
+                }
+            }
+            is IdentifierReference -> {
+                val indexName = asmIdentifierName(index)
+                out("  lda  $indexName")
+            }
+            else -> {
+                expressionsAsmGen.translateExpression(index)
+                out("  inx |  lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal fun translateExpression(expression: Expression) =
+            expressionsAsmGen.translateExpression(expression)
+
+    internal fun translateFunctioncallExpression(functionCall: FunctionCall, signature: FunctionSignature) =
+            builtinFunctionsAsmGen.translateFunctioncallExpression(functionCall, signature)
+
+    internal fun translateFunctionCall(functionCall: FunctionCall) =
+            functioncallAsmGen.translateFunctionCall(functionCall)
+
+    internal fun assignFromEvalResult(target: AssignTarget) =
+            assignmentAsmGen.assignFromEvalResult(target)
+
+    fun assignFromByteConstant(target: AssignTarget, value: Short) =
+            assignmentAsmGen.assignFromByteConstant(target, value)
+
+    fun assignFromWordConstant(target: AssignTarget, value: Int) =
+            assignmentAsmGen.assignFromWordConstant(target, value)
+
+    fun assignFromFloatConstant(target: AssignTarget, value: Double) =
+            assignmentAsmGen.assignFromFloatConstant(target, value)
+
+    fun assignFromByteVariable(target: AssignTarget, variable: IdentifierReference) =
+            assignmentAsmGen.assignFromByteVariable(target, variable)
+
+    fun assignFromWordVariable(target: AssignTarget, variable: IdentifierReference) =
+            assignmentAsmGen.assignFromWordVariable(target, variable)
+
+    fun assignFromFloatVariable(target: AssignTarget, variable: IdentifierReference) =
+            assignmentAsmGen.assignFromFloatVariable(target, variable)
+
+    fun assignFromRegister(target: AssignTarget, register: Register) =
+            assignmentAsmGen.assignFromRegister(target, register)
+
+    fun assignFromMemoryByte(target: AssignTarget, address: Int?, identifier: IdentifierReference?) =
+            assignmentAsmGen.assignFromMemoryByte(target, address, identifier)
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/c64/codegen/AsmOptimizer.kt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64
+package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen
 
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.MachineDefinition.ESTACK_LO_HEX
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.MachineDefinition.ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.ESTACK_LO_HEX
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX
 
 
 // note: see https://wiki.nesdev.com/w/index.php/6502_assembly_optimisations
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ fun optimizeAssembly(lines: MutableList<String>): Int {
         numberOfOptimizations++
     }
 
-    // TODO more assembly optimizations?
+    // TODO more assembly optimizations
 
     return numberOfOptimizations
 }
@@ -89,7 +89,6 @@ fun optimizeUselessStackByteWrites(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>
                 lines[1].value.trim()=="dex" &&
                 lines[2].value.trim()=="inx" &&
                 lines[3].value.trim()=="lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x") {
-            removeLines.add(lines[0].index)
             removeLines.add(lines[1].index)
             removeLines.add(lines[2].index)
             removeLines.add(lines[3].index)
@@ -102,7 +101,7 @@ fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>):
 
     // optimize sequential assignments of the isSameAs value to various targets (bytes, words, floats)
     // the float one is the one that requires 2*7=14 lines of code to check...
-    // @todo a better place to do this is in the Compiler instead and work on opcodes, and never even create the inefficient asm...
+    // @todo a better place to do this is in the Compiler instead and transform the Ast, or the AsmGen, and never even create the inefficient asm in the first place...
 
     val removeLines = mutableListOf<Int>()
     for (pair in linesByFourteen) {

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/c64/codegen/AssignmentAsmGen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,750 @@
+package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen
+
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.*
+import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.ast.statements.AssignTarget
+import prog8.ast.statements.Assignment
+import prog8.ast.statements.DirectMemoryWrite
+import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
+import prog8.compiler.toHex
+import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.C64Zeropage
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.ESTACK_HI_HEX
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.ESTACK_LO_HEX
+
+
+internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
+
+    internal fun translate(assign: Assignment) {
+        if(assign.aug_op!=null)
+            throw AssemblyError("aug-op assignments should have been transformed to normal ones")
+
+        when(assign.value) {
+            is NumericLiteralValue -> {
+                val numVal = assign.value as NumericLiteralValue
+                when(numVal.type) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> assignFromByteConstant(assign.target, numVal.number.toShort())
+                    DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> assignFromWordConstant(assign.target, numVal.number.toInt())
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> assignFromFloatConstant(assign.target, numVal.number.toDouble())
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird numval type")
+                }
+            }
+            is RegisterExpr -> {
+                assignFromRegister(assign.target, (assign.value as RegisterExpr).register)
+            }
+            is IdentifierReference -> {
+                val type = assign.target.inferType(program, assign).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+                when(type) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> assignFromByteVariable(assign.target, assign.value as IdentifierReference)
+                    DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> assignFromWordVariable(assign.target, assign.value as IdentifierReference)
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> assignFromFloatVariable(assign.target, assign.value as IdentifierReference)
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("unsupported assignment target type $type")
+                }
+            }
+            is AddressOf -> {
+                val identifier = (assign.value as AddressOf).identifier
+                assignFromAddressOf(assign.target, identifier)
+            }
+            is DirectMemoryRead -> {
+                val read = (assign.value as DirectMemoryRead)
+                when(read.addressExpression) {
+                    is NumericLiteralValue -> {
+                        val address = (read.addressExpression as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt()
+                        assignFromMemoryByte(assign.target, address, null)
+                    }
+                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                        assignFromMemoryByte(assign.target, null, read.addressExpression as IdentifierReference)
+                    }
+                    else -> {
+                        asmgen.translateExpression(read.addressExpression)
+                        TODO("read memory byte from result and put that in ${assign.target}")
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            is PrefixExpression -> {
+                // TODO optimize common cases
+                asmgen.translateExpression(assign.value as PrefixExpression)
+                assignFromEvalResult(assign.target)
+            }
+            is BinaryExpression -> {
+                // TODO optimize common cases
+                asmgen.translateExpression(assign.value as BinaryExpression)
+                assignFromEvalResult(assign.target)
+            }
+            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
+                // TODO optimize common cases
+                val arrayExpr = assign.value as ArrayIndexedExpression
+                val arrayDt = arrayExpr.identifier.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!.datatype
+                val index = arrayExpr.arrayspec.index
+                if(index is NumericLiteralValue) {
+                    // constant array index value
+                    val arrayVarName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(arrayExpr.identifier)
+                    val indexValue = index.number.toInt() * ArrayElementTypes.getValue(arrayDt).memorySize()
+                    when (arrayDt) {
+                        DataType.STR, DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B ->
+                            asmgen.out("  lda  $arrayVarName+$indexValue |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  dex")
+                        DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W ->
+                            asmgen.out("  lda  $arrayVarName+$indexValue |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  lda  $arrayVarName+$indexValue+1 |  sta  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x | dex")
+                        DataType.ARRAY_F ->
+                            asmgen.out("  lda  #<$arrayVarName+$indexValue |  ldy  #>$arrayVarName+$indexValue |  jsr  c64flt.push_float")
+                        else ->
+                            throw AssemblyError("weird array type")
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    asmgen.translateArrayIndexIntoA(arrayExpr)
+                    asmgen.readAndPushArrayvalueWithIndexA(arrayDt, arrayExpr.identifier)
+                }
+                assignFromEvalResult(assign.target)
+            }
+            is TypecastExpression -> {
+                val cast = assign.value as TypecastExpression
+                val sourceType = cast.expression.inferType(program)
+                val targetType = assign.target.inferType(program, assign)
+                if(sourceType.isKnown && targetType.isKnown &&
+                        (sourceType.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) in ByteDatatypes && targetType.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) in ByteDatatypes) ||
+                        (sourceType.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) in WordDatatypes && targetType.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) in WordDatatypes)) {
+                    // no need for a type cast
+                    assign.value = cast.expression
+                    translate(assign)
+                } else {
+                    asmgen.translateExpression(assign.value as TypecastExpression)
+                    assignFromEvalResult(assign.target)
+                }
+            }
+            is FunctionCall -> {
+                asmgen.translateExpression(assign.value as FunctionCall)
+                assignFromEvalResult(assign.target)
+            }
+            is ArrayLiteralValue, is StringLiteralValue -> TODO("string/array/struct assignment?")
+            is StructLiteralValue -> throw AssemblyError("struct literal value assignment should have been flattened")
+            is RangeExpr -> throw AssemblyError("range expression should have been changed into array values")
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal fun assignFromEvalResult(target: AssignTarget) {
+        val targetIdent = target.identifier
+        when {
+            target.register!=null -> {
+                if(target.register== Register.X)
+                    throw AssemblyError("can't pop into X register - use variable instead")
+                asmgen.out(" inx | ld${target.register.name.toLowerCase()}  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x ")
+            }
+            targetIdent!=null -> {
+                val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetIdent)
+                val targetDt = targetIdent.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+                when(targetDt) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
+                        asmgen.out(" inx | lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x  | sta  $targetName")
+                    }
+                    DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> {
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            inx
+                            lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+                            sta  $targetName
+                            lda  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
+                            sta  $targetName+1
+                        """)
+                    }
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            lda  #<$targetName
+                            ldy  #>$targetName
+                            jsr  c64flt.pop_float
+                        """)
+                    }
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target variable type $targetDt")
+                }
+            }
+            target.memoryAddress!=null -> {
+                asmgen.out("  inx  | ldy  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x")
+                storeRegisterInMemoryAddress(Register.Y, target.memoryAddress)
+            }
+            target.arrayindexed!=null -> {
+                val arrayDt = target.arrayindexed!!.identifier.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!.datatype
+                val arrayVarName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(target.arrayindexed!!.identifier)
+                asmgen.translateExpression(target.arrayindexed!!.arrayspec.index)
+                asmgen.out("  inx |  lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x")
+                popAndWriteArrayvalueWithIndexA(arrayDt, arrayVarName)
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird assignment target $target")
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal fun assignFromAddressOf(target: AssignTarget, name: IdentifierReference) {
+        val targetIdent = target.identifier
+        val targetArrayIdx = target.arrayindexed
+        val struct = name.memberOfStruct(program.namespace)
+        val sourceName = if(struct!=null) {
+            // take the address of the first struct member instead
+            val decl = name.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+            val firstStructMember = struct.nameOfFirstMember()
+            // find the flattened var that belongs to this first struct member
+            val firstVarName = listOf(decl.name, firstStructMember)
+            val firstVar = name.definingScope().lookup(firstVarName, name) as VarDecl
+            firstVar.name
+        } else {
+            asmgen.fixNameSymbols(name.nameInSource.joinToString ("."))
+        }
+
+        when {
+            targetIdent!=null -> {
+                val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetIdent)
+                asmgen.out("""
+                        lda  #<$sourceName
+                        ldy  #>$sourceName
+                        sta  $targetName
+                        sty  $targetName+1
+                    """)
+            }
+            target.memoryAddress!=null -> {
+                TODO("assign address $sourceName to memory word $target")
+            }
+            targetArrayIdx!=null -> {
+                val index = targetArrayIdx.arrayspec.index
+                val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetArrayIdx.identifier)
+                TODO("assign address $sourceName to array $targetName [ $index ]")
+            }
+            else -> TODO("assign address $sourceName to $target")
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal fun assignFromWordVariable(target: AssignTarget, variable: IdentifierReference) {
+        val sourceName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(variable)
+        val targetIdent = target.identifier
+        val targetArrayIdx = target.arrayindexed
+        when {
+            targetIdent!=null -> {
+                val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetIdent)
+                asmgen.out("""
+                    lda  $sourceName
+                    ldy  $sourceName+1
+                    sta  $targetName
+                    sty  $targetName+1
+                """)
+            }
+            target.memoryAddress!=null -> {
+                TODO("assign wordvar $sourceName to memory ${target.memoryAddress}")
+            }
+            targetArrayIdx!=null -> {
+                val index = targetArrayIdx.arrayspec.index
+                val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetArrayIdx.identifier)
+                asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  lda  $sourceName+1 |  sta  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x |  dex")
+                asmgen.translateExpression(index)
+                asmgen.out("  inx |  lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x")
+                val arrayDt = targetArrayIdx.identifier.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+                popAndWriteArrayvalueWithIndexA(arrayDt, targetName)
+            }
+            else -> TODO("assign wordvar to $target")
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal fun assignFromFloatVariable(target: AssignTarget, variable: IdentifierReference) {
+        val sourceName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(variable)
+        val targetIdent = target.identifier
+        val targetArrayIdx = target.arrayindexed
+        when {
+            targetIdent!=null -> {
+                val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetIdent)
+                asmgen.out("""
+                    lda  $sourceName
+                    sta  $targetName
+                    lda  $sourceName+1
+                    sta  $targetName+1
+                    lda  $sourceName+2
+                    sta  $targetName+2
+                    lda  $sourceName+3
+                    sta  $targetName+3
+                    lda  $sourceName+4
+                    sta  $targetName+4
+                """)
+            }
+            targetArrayIdx!=null -> {
+                val index = targetArrayIdx.arrayspec.index
+                val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetArrayIdx.identifier)
+                asmgen.out("  lda  #<$sourceName |  ldy  #>$sourceName |  jsr  c64flt.push_float")
+                asmgen.translateExpression(index)
+                asmgen.out("  lda  #<$targetName |  ldy  #>$targetName |  jsr  c64flt.pop_float_to_indexed_var")
+            }
+            else -> TODO("assign floatvar to $target")
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal fun assignFromByteVariable(target: AssignTarget, variable: IdentifierReference) {
+        val sourceName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(variable)
+        val targetIdent = target.identifier
+        val targetArrayIdx = target.arrayindexed
+        when {
+            target.register!=null -> {
+                asmgen.out("  ld${target.register.name.toLowerCase()}  $sourceName")
+            }
+            targetIdent!=null -> {
+                val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetIdent)
+                asmgen.out("""
+                    lda  $sourceName
+                    sta  $targetName
+                    """)
+            }
+            targetArrayIdx!=null -> {
+                val index = targetArrayIdx.arrayspec.index
+                val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetArrayIdx.identifier)
+                val arrayDt = targetArrayIdx.identifier.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+                asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  dex")
+                asmgen.translateExpression(index)
+                asmgen.out("  inx |  lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x")
+                popAndWriteArrayvalueWithIndexA(arrayDt, targetName)
+            }
+            target.memoryAddress != null -> {
+                val addressExpr = target.memoryAddress.addressExpression
+                val addressLv = addressExpr as? NumericLiteralValue
+                when {
+                    addressLv != null -> asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName |  sta  ${addressLv.number.toHex()}")
+                    addressExpr is IdentifierReference -> {
+                        val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(addressExpr)
+                        asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName |  sta  $targetName")
+                    }
+                    else -> {
+                        asmgen.translateExpression(addressExpr)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+     inx
+     lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+     ldy  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
+     sta  (+) +1
+     sty  (+) +2
+     lda  $sourceName
++    sta  ${65535.toHex()}      ; modified              
+                            """)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else -> TODO("assign bytevar to $target")
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal fun assignFromRegister(target: AssignTarget, register: Register) {
+        val targetIdent = target.identifier
+        val targetArrayIdx = target.arrayindexed
+        when {
+            targetIdent!=null -> {
+                val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetIdent)
+                asmgen.out("  st${register.name.toLowerCase()}  $targetName")
+            }
+            target.register!=null -> {
+                when(register) {
+                    Register.A -> when(target.register) {
+                        Register.A -> {}
+                        Register.X -> asmgen.out("  tax")
+                        Register.Y -> asmgen.out("  tay")
+                    }
+                    Register.X -> when(target.register) {
+                        Register.A -> asmgen.out("  txa")
+                        Register.X -> {}
+                        Register.Y -> asmgen.out("  txy")
+                    }
+                    Register.Y -> when(target.register) {
+                        Register.A -> asmgen.out("  tya")
+                        Register.X -> asmgen.out("  tyx")
+                        Register.Y -> {}
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            target.memoryAddress!=null -> {
+                storeRegisterInMemoryAddress(register, target.memoryAddress)
+            }
+            targetArrayIdx!=null -> {
+                val index = targetArrayIdx.arrayspec.index
+                val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetArrayIdx.identifier)
+                when (index) {
+                    is NumericLiteralValue -> {
+                        val memindex = index.number.toInt()
+                        when(register) {
+                            Register.A -> asmgen.out("  sta  $targetName+$memindex")
+                            Register.X -> asmgen.out("  stx  $targetName+$memindex")
+                            Register.Y -> asmgen.out("  sty  $targetName+$memindex")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    is RegisterExpr -> {
+                        when(register) {
+                            Register.A -> asmgen.out("  sta  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_B1}")
+                            Register.X -> asmgen.out("  stx  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_B1}")
+                            Register.Y -> asmgen.out("  sty  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_B1}")
+                        }
+                        when(index.register) {
+                            Register.A -> {}
+                            Register.X -> asmgen.out("  txa")
+                            Register.Y -> asmgen.out("  tya")
+                        }
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            tay
+                            lda  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_B1}
+                            sta  $targetName,y
+                            """)
+                    }
+                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                        when(register) {
+                            Register.A -> asmgen.out("  sta  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_B1}")
+                            Register.X -> asmgen.out("  stx  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_B1}")
+                            Register.Y -> asmgen.out("  sty  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_B1}")
+                        }
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            lda  ${asmgen.asmIdentifierName(index)}
+                            tay
+                            lda  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_B1}
+                            sta  $targetName,y
+                        """)
+                    }
+                    else -> {
+                        asmgen.saveRegister(register)
+                        asmgen.translateExpression(index)
+                        asmgen.restoreRegister(register)
+                        when(register) {
+                            Register.A -> asmgen.out("  sta  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_B1}")
+                            Register.X -> asmgen.out("  stx  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_B1}")
+                            Register.Y -> asmgen.out("  sty  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_B1}")
+                        }
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            inx
+                            lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+                            tay
+                            lda  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_B1}
+                            sta  $targetName,y  
+                        """)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else -> TODO("assign register $register to $target")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun storeRegisterInMemoryAddress(register: Register, memoryAddress: DirectMemoryWrite) {
+        val addressExpr = memoryAddress.addressExpression
+        val addressLv = addressExpr as? NumericLiteralValue
+        val registerName = register.name.toLowerCase()
+        when {
+            addressLv != null -> asmgen.out("  st$registerName  ${addressLv.number.toHex()}")
+            addressExpr is IdentifierReference -> {
+                val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(addressExpr)
+                when(register) {
+                    Register.A -> asmgen.out("""
+                        ldy  $targetName
+                        sty  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_W1}
+                        ldy  $targetName+1
+                        sty  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_W1+1}
+                        ldy  #0
+                        sta  (${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_W1}),y
+                        """)
+                    Register.X -> asmgen.out("""
+                        txa
+                        ldy  $targetName
+                        sty  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_W1}
+                        ldy  $targetName+1
+                        sty  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_W1+1}
+                        ldy  #0
+                        sta  (${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_W1}),y
+                        """)
+                    Register.Y -> asmgen.out("""
+                        tya
+                        ldy  $targetName
+                        sty  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_W1}
+                        ldy  $targetName+1
+                        sty  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_W1+1}
+                        ldy  #0
+                        sta  (${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_W1}),y
+                        """)
+                }
+            }
+            else -> {
+                asmgen.saveRegister(register)
+                asmgen.translateExpression(addressExpr)
+                asmgen.restoreRegister(register)
+                when (register) {
+                    Register.A -> asmgen.out("  tay")
+                    Register.X -> throw AssemblyError("can't use X register here")
+                    Register.Y -> {}
+                }
+                asmgen.out("""
+     inx
+     lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+     sta  (+) +1
+     lda  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
+     sta  (+) +2
++    sty  ${65535.toHex()}      ; modified              
+                            """)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal fun assignFromWordConstant(target: AssignTarget, word: Int) {
+        val targetIdent = target.identifier
+        val targetArrayIdx = target.arrayindexed
+        when {
+            targetIdent!=null -> {
+                val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetIdent)
+                if(word ushr 8 == word and 255) {
+                    // lsb=msb
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                    lda  #${(word and 255).toHex()}
+                    sta  $targetName
+                    sta  $targetName+1
+                """)
+                } else {
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                    lda  #<${word.toHex()}
+                    ldy  #>${word.toHex()}
+                    sta  $targetName
+                    sty  $targetName+1
+                """)
+                }
+            }
+            target.memoryAddress!=null -> {
+                TODO("assign word $word to memory ${target.memoryAddress}")
+            }
+            targetArrayIdx!=null -> {
+                val index = targetArrayIdx.arrayspec.index
+                val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetArrayIdx.identifier)
+                // TODO optimize common cases
+                asmgen.translateExpression(index)
+                asmgen.out("""
+                    inx
+                    lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+                    asl  a
+                    tay
+                    lda  #<${word.toHex()}
+                    sta  $targetName,y
+                    lda  #>${word.toHex()}
+                    sta  $targetName+1,y
+                """)
+            }
+            else -> TODO("assign word $word to $target")
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal fun assignFromByteConstant(target: AssignTarget, byte: Short) {
+        val targetIdent = target.identifier
+        val targetArrayIdx = target.arrayindexed
+        when {
+            target.register!=null -> {
+                asmgen.out("  ld${target.register.name.toLowerCase()}  #${byte.toHex()}")
+            }
+            targetIdent!=null -> {
+                val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetIdent)
+                asmgen.out(" lda  #${byte.toHex()} |  sta  $targetName ")
+            }
+            target.memoryAddress!=null -> {
+                asmgen.out("  ldy  #${byte.toHex()}")
+                storeRegisterInMemoryAddress(Register.Y, target.memoryAddress)
+            }
+            targetArrayIdx!=null -> {
+                val index = targetArrayIdx.arrayspec.index
+                val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetArrayIdx.identifier)
+                // TODO optimize common cases
+                asmgen.translateExpression(index)
+                asmgen.out("""
+                    inx
+                    ldy  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+                    lda  #${byte.toHex()}
+                    sta  $targetName,y
+                """)
+            }
+            else -> TODO("assign byte $byte to $target")
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal fun assignFromFloatConstant(target: AssignTarget, float: Double) {
+        val targetIdent = target.identifier
+        val targetArrayIdx = target.arrayindexed
+        if(float==0.0) {
+            // optimized case for float zero
+            when {
+                targetIdent != null -> {
+                    val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetIdent)
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                            lda  #0
+                            sta  $targetName
+                            sta  $targetName+1
+                            sta  $targetName+2
+                            sta  $targetName+3
+                            sta  $targetName+4
+                        """)
+                }
+                targetArrayIdx!=null -> {
+                    val index = targetArrayIdx.arrayspec.index
+                    val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetArrayIdx.identifier)
+                    if(index is NumericLiteralValue) {
+                        val indexValue = index.number.toInt() * C64MachineDefinition.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            lda  #0
+                            sta  $targetName+$indexValue
+                            sta  $targetName+$indexValue+1
+                            sta  $targetName+$indexValue+2
+                            sta  $targetName+$indexValue+3
+                            sta  $targetName+$indexValue+4
+                        """)
+                    } else {
+                        asmgen.translateExpression(index)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                        inx
+                        lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+                        asl  a
+                        asl  a
+                        clc
+                        adc  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+                        tay
+                        lda  #0
+                        sta  $targetName,y
+                        sta  $targetName+1,y
+                        sta  $targetName+2,y
+                        sta  $targetName+3,y
+                        sta  $targetName+4,y
+                    """) // TODO use a subroutine for this
+                    }
+                }
+                else -> TODO("assign float 0.0 to $target")
+            }
+        } else {
+            // non-zero value
+            val constFloat = asmgen.getFloatConst(float)
+            when {
+                targetIdent != null -> {
+                    val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetIdent)
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                            lda  $constFloat
+                            sta  $targetName
+                            lda  $constFloat+1
+                            sta  $targetName+1
+                            lda  $constFloat+2
+                            sta  $targetName+2
+                            lda  $constFloat+3
+                            sta  $targetName+3
+                            lda  $constFloat+4
+                            sta  $targetName+4
+                        """)
+                }
+                targetArrayIdx!=null -> {
+                    val index = targetArrayIdx.arrayspec.index
+                    val arrayVarName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetArrayIdx.identifier)
+                    if(index is NumericLiteralValue) {
+                        val indexValue = index.number.toInt() * C64MachineDefinition.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            lda  $constFloat
+                            sta  $arrayVarName+$indexValue
+                            lda  $constFloat+1
+                            sta  $arrayVarName+$indexValue+1
+                            lda  $constFloat+2
+                            sta  $arrayVarName+$indexValue+2
+                            lda  $constFloat+3
+                            sta  $arrayVarName+$indexValue+3
+                            lda  $constFloat+4
+                            sta  $arrayVarName+$indexValue+4
+                        """)
+                    } else {
+                        asmgen.translateArrayIndexIntoA(targetArrayIdx)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            sta  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_REG}
+                            asl  a
+                            asl  a
+                            clc
+                            adc  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_REG}
+                            tay
+                            lda  $constFloat
+                            sta  $arrayVarName,y
+                            lda  $constFloat+1
+                            sta  $arrayVarName+1,y
+                            lda  $constFloat+2
+                            sta  $arrayVarName+2,y
+                            lda  $constFloat+3
+                            sta  $arrayVarName+3,y
+                            lda  $constFloat+4
+                            sta  $arrayVarName+4,y
+                        """)        // TODO use a subroutine for this
+                    }
+                }
+                else -> TODO("assign float $float to $target")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal fun assignFromMemoryByte(target: AssignTarget, address: Int?, identifier: IdentifierReference?) {
+        val targetIdent = target.identifier
+        val targetArrayIdx = target.arrayindexed
+        if(address!=null) {
+            when {
+                target.register!=null -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  ld${target.register.name.toLowerCase()}  ${address.toHex()}")
+                }
+                targetIdent!=null -> {
+                    val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetIdent)
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        lda  ${address.toHex()}
+                        sta  $targetName
+                        """)
+                }
+                target.memoryAddress!=null -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  ldy  ${address.toHex()}")
+                    storeRegisterInMemoryAddress(Register.Y, target.memoryAddress)
+                }
+                targetArrayIdx!=null -> {
+                    val index = targetArrayIdx.arrayspec.index
+                    val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetArrayIdx.identifier)
+                    TODO("assign memory byte at $address to array $targetName [ $index ]")
+                }
+                else -> TODO("assign memory byte $target")
+            }
+        }
+        else if(identifier!=null) {
+            val sourceName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(identifier)
+            when {
+                target.register!=null -> {
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        ldy  #0
+                        lda  ($sourceName),y
+                    """)
+                    when(target.register){
+                        Register.A -> {}
+                        Register.X -> asmgen.out("  tax")
+                        Register.Y -> asmgen.out("  tay")
+                    }
+                }
+                targetIdent!=null -> {
+                    val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetIdent)
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        ldy  #0
+                        lda  ($sourceName),y
+                        sta  $targetName
+                    """)
+                }
+                target.memoryAddress!=null -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  ldy  $sourceName")
+                    storeRegisterInMemoryAddress(Register.Y, target.memoryAddress)
+                }
+                targetArrayIdx!=null -> {
+                    val index = targetArrayIdx.arrayspec.index
+                    val targetName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetArrayIdx.identifier)
+                    TODO("assign memory byte $sourceName to array $targetName [ $index ]")
+                }
+                else -> TODO("assign memory byte $target")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun popAndWriteArrayvalueWithIndexA(arrayDt: DataType, variablename: String) {
+        when (arrayDt) {
+            DataType.STR, DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B ->
+                asmgen.out("  tay |  inx |  lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x  | sta  $variablename,y")
+            DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W ->
+                asmgen.out("  asl  a |  tay |  inx |  lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  sta  $variablename,y |  lda  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x |  sta $variablename+1,y")
+            DataType.ARRAY_F ->
+                // index * 5 is done in the subroutine that's called
+                asmgen.out("""
+                    sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+                    dex
+                    lda  #<$variablename
+                    ldy  #>$variablename
+                    jsr  c64flt.pop_float_to_indexed_var
+                """)
+            else ->
+                throw AssemblyError("weird array type")
+        }
+    }
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/c64/codegen/BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,603 @@
+package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen
+
+import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.ByteDatatypes
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.base.Register
+import prog8.ast.base.WordDatatypes
+import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.ast.statements.AssignTarget
+import prog8.ast.statements.FunctionCallStatement
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.C64Zeropage
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.ESTACK_HI_HEX
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.ESTACK_LO_HEX
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX
+import prog8.compiler.toHex
+import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
+import prog8.functions.FunctionSignature
+
+internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
+
+    internal fun translateFunctioncallExpression(fcall: FunctionCall, func: FunctionSignature) {
+        translateFunctioncall(fcall, func, false)
+    }
+
+    internal fun translateFunctioncallStatement(fcall: FunctionCallStatement, func: FunctionSignature) {
+        translateFunctioncall(fcall, func, true)
+    }
+
+    private fun translateFunctioncall(fcall: IFunctionCall, func: FunctionSignature, discardResult: Boolean) {
+        val functionName = fcall.target.nameInSource.last()
+        if (discardResult) {
+            if (func.pure)
+                return  // can just ignore the whole function call altogether
+            else if (func.returntype != null)
+                throw AssemblyError("discarding result of non-pure function $fcall")
+        }
+
+        when (functionName) {
+            "msb" -> {
+                val arg = fcall.args.single()
+                if (arg.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) !in WordDatatypes)
+                    throw AssemblyError("msb required word argument")
+                if (arg is NumericLiteralValue)
+                    throw AssemblyError("should have been const-folded")
+                if (arg is IdentifierReference) {
+                    val sourceName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(arg)
+                    asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName+1 |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  dex")
+                } else {
+                    asmgen.translateExpression(arg)
+                    asmgen.out("  lda  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x")
+                }
+            }
+            "mkword" -> {
+                translateFunctionArguments(fcall.args, func)
+                asmgen.out("  inx | lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x  | sta  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x")
+            }
+            "abs" -> {
+                translateFunctionArguments(fcall.args, func)
+                val dt = fcall.args.single().inferType(program)
+                when (dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
+                    in ByteDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.abs_b")
+                    in WordDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.abs_w")
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("  jsr  c64flt.abs_f")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            "swap" -> {
+                val first = fcall.args[0]
+                val second = fcall.args[1]
+                asmgen.translateExpression(first)
+                asmgen.translateExpression(second)
+                // pop in reverse order
+                val firstTarget = AssignTarget.fromExpr(first)
+                val secondTarget = AssignTarget.fromExpr(second)
+                asmgen.assignFromEvalResult(firstTarget)
+                asmgen.assignFromEvalResult(secondTarget)
+            }
+            "strlen" -> {
+                outputPushAddressOfIdentifier(fcall.args[0])
+                asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_strlen")
+            }
+            "min", "max", "sum" -> {
+                outputPushAddressAndLenghtOfArray(fcall.args[0])
+                val dt = fcall.args.single().inferType(program)
+                when (dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
+                    DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.STR -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${functionName}_ub")
+                    DataType.ARRAY_B -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${functionName}_b")
+                    DataType.ARRAY_UW -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${functionName}_uw")
+                    DataType.ARRAY_W -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${functionName}_w")
+                    DataType.ARRAY_F -> asmgen.out("  jsr  c64flt.func_${functionName}_f")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type $dt")
+                }
+            }
+            "any", "all" -> {
+                outputPushAddressAndLenghtOfArray(fcall.args[0])
+                val dt = fcall.args.single().inferType(program)
+                when (dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
+                    DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.STR -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${functionName}_b")
+                    DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${functionName}_w")
+                    DataType.ARRAY_F -> asmgen.out("  jsr  c64flt.func_${functionName}_f")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type $dt")
+                }
+            }
+            "sgn" -> {
+                translateFunctionArguments(fcall.args, func)
+                val dt = fcall.args.single().inferType(program)
+                when(dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  math.sign_ub")
+                    DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  math.sign_b")
+                    DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("  jsr  math.sign_uw")
+                    DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("  jsr  math.sign_w")
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("  jsr  c64flt.sign_f")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type $dt")
+                }
+            }
+            "sin", "cos", "tan", "atan",
+            "ln", "log2", "sqrt", "rad",
+            "deg", "round", "floor", "ceil",
+            "rdnf" -> {
+                translateFunctionArguments(fcall.args, func)
+                asmgen.out("  jsr  c64flt.func_$functionName")
+            }
+            "lsl" -> {
+                // in-place
+                val what = fcall.args.single()
+                val dt = what.inferType(program)
+                when (dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
+                    in ByteDatatypes -> {
+                        when (what) {
+                            is RegisterExpr -> {
+                                when (what.register) {
+                                    Register.A -> asmgen.out("  asl  a")
+                                    Register.X -> asmgen.out("  txa  |  asl  a |  tax")
+                                    Register.Y -> asmgen.out("  tya  |  asl  a |  tay")
+                                }
+                            }
+                            is IdentifierReference -> asmgen.out("  asl  ${asmgen.asmIdentifierName(what)}")
+                            is DirectMemoryRead -> {
+                                if (what.addressExpression is NumericLiteralValue) {
+                                    val number = (what.addressExpression as NumericLiteralValue).number
+                                    asmgen.out("  asl  ${number.toHex()}")
+                                } else {
+                                    asmgen.translateExpression(what.addressExpression)
+                                    asmgen.out("""
+                    inx
+                    lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+                    sta  (+) + 1
+                    lda  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
+                    sta  (+) + 2
++                   asl  0            ; modified                    
+                                    """)
+                                }
+                            }
+                            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.identifier)
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.arrayspec.index)
+                                asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.lsl_array_b")
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    in WordDatatypes -> {
+                        when (what) {
+                            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.identifier)
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.arrayspec.index)
+                                asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.lsl_array_w")
+                            }
+                            is IdentifierReference -> {
+                                val variable = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(what)
+                                asmgen.out(" asl  $variable |  rol  $variable+1")
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            "lsr" -> {
+                // in-place
+                val what = fcall.args.single()
+                val dt = what.inferType(program)
+                when (dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE -> {
+                        when (what) {
+                            is RegisterExpr -> {
+                                when (what.register) {
+                                    Register.A -> asmgen.out("  lsr  a")
+                                    Register.X -> asmgen.out("  txa  |  lsr  a |  tax")
+                                    Register.Y -> asmgen.out("  tya  |  lsr  a |  tay")
+                                }
+                            }
+                            is IdentifierReference -> asmgen.out("  lsr  ${asmgen.asmIdentifierName(what)}")
+                            is DirectMemoryRead -> {
+                                if (what.addressExpression is NumericLiteralValue) {
+                                    val number = (what.addressExpression as NumericLiteralValue).number
+                                    asmgen.out("  lsr  ${number.toHex()}")
+                                } else {
+                                    asmgen.translateExpression(what.addressExpression)
+                                    asmgen.out("""
+                    inx
+                    lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+                    sta  (+) + 1
+                    lda  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
+                    sta  (+) + 2
++                   lsr  0            ; modified                    
+                                    """)
+                                }
+                            }
+                            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.identifier)
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.arrayspec.index)
+                                asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.lsr_array_ub")
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    DataType.BYTE -> {
+                        when (what) {
+                            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.identifier)
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.arrayspec.index)
+                                asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.lsr_array_b")
+                            }
+                            is IdentifierReference -> {
+                                val variable = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(what)
+                                asmgen.out("  lda  $variable |  asl  a |  ror  $variable")
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    DataType.UWORD -> {
+                        when (what) {
+                            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.identifier)
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.arrayspec.index)
+                                asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.lsr_array_uw")
+                            }
+                            is IdentifierReference -> {
+                                val variable = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(what)
+                                asmgen.out(" lsr  $variable+1 |  ror  $variable")
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    DataType.WORD -> {
+                        when (what) {
+                            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.identifier)
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.arrayspec.index)
+                                asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.lsr_array_w")
+                            }
+                            is IdentifierReference -> {
+                                val variable = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(what)
+                                asmgen.out("  lda  $variable+1 |  asl a  |  ror  $variable+1 |  ror  $variable")
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            "rol" -> {
+                // in-place
+                val what = fcall.args.single()
+                val dt = what.inferType(program)
+                when (dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE -> {
+                        when(what) {
+                            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.identifier)
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.arrayspec.index)
+                                asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.rol_array_ub")
+                            }
+                            is DirectMemoryRead -> {
+                                if (what.addressExpression is NumericLiteralValue) {
+                                    val number = (what.addressExpression as NumericLiteralValue).number
+                                    asmgen.out("  rol  ${number.toHex()}")
+                                } else {
+                                    asmgen.translateExpression(what.addressExpression)
+                                    asmgen.out("""
+                    inx
+                    lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+                    sta  (+) + 1
+                    lda  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
+                    sta  (+) + 2
++                   rol  0            ; modified                    
+                                    """)
+                                }
+                            }
+                            is RegisterExpr -> {
+                                when(what.register) {
+                                    Register.A -> asmgen.out("  rol  a")
+                                    Register.X -> asmgen.out("  txa |  rol  a |  tax")
+                                    Register.Y -> asmgen.out("  tya |  rol  a |  tay")
+                                }
+                            }
+                            is IdentifierReference -> {
+                                val variable = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(what)
+                                asmgen.out("  rol  $variable")
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    DataType.UWORD -> {
+                        when(what) {
+                            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.identifier)
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.arrayspec.index)
+                                asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.rol_array_uw")
+                            }
+                            is IdentifierReference -> {
+                                val variable = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(what)
+                                asmgen.out("  rol  $variable |  rol  $variable+1")
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            "rol2" -> {
+                // in-place
+                val what = fcall.args.single()
+                val dt = what.inferType(program)
+                when (dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE -> {
+                        when(what) {
+                            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.identifier)
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.arrayspec.index)
+                                asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.rol2_array_ub")
+                            }
+                            is DirectMemoryRead -> {
+                                if (what.addressExpression is NumericLiteralValue) {
+                                    val number = (what.addressExpression as NumericLiteralValue).number
+                                    asmgen.out("  lda  ${number.toHex()} |  cmp  #\$80 |  rol  a |  sta  ${number.toHex()}")
+                                } else {
+                                    asmgen.translateExpression(what.addressExpression)
+                                    asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.rol2_mem_ub")
+                                }
+                            }
+                            is RegisterExpr -> {
+                                when(what.register) {
+                                    Register.A -> asmgen.out("  cmp  #\$80 |  rol  a  ")
+                                    Register.X -> asmgen.out("  txa  |  cmp  #\$80 |  rol  a  |  tax")
+                                    Register.Y -> asmgen.out("  tya  |  cmp  #\$80 |  rol  a  |  tay")
+                                }
+                            }
+                            is IdentifierReference -> {
+                                val variable = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(what)
+                                asmgen.out("  lda  $variable |  cmp  #\$80 |  rol  a |  sta  $variable")
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    DataType.UWORD -> {
+                        when(what) {
+                            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.identifier)
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.arrayspec.index)
+                                asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.rol2_array_uw")
+                            }
+                            is IdentifierReference -> {
+                                val variable = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(what)
+                                asmgen.out("  asl  $variable |  rol  $variable+1 |  bcc  + |  inc  $variable |+  ")
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            "ror" -> {
+                // in-place
+                val what = fcall.args.single()
+                val dt = what.inferType(program)
+                when (dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE -> {
+                        when(what) {
+                            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.identifier)
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.arrayspec.index)
+                                asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.ror_array_ub")
+                            }
+                            is DirectMemoryRead -> {
+                                if (what.addressExpression is NumericLiteralValue) {
+                                    val number = (what.addressExpression as NumericLiteralValue).number
+                                    asmgen.out("  ror  ${number.toHex()}")
+                                } else {
+                                    asmgen.translateExpression(what.addressExpression)
+                                    asmgen.out("""
+                    inx
+                    lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+                    sta  (+) + 1
+                    lda  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
+                    sta  (+) + 2
++                   ror  0            ; modified                    
+                                    """)                                }
+                            }
+                            is RegisterExpr -> {
+                                when(what.register) {
+                                    Register.A -> asmgen.out("  ror  a")
+                                    Register.X -> asmgen.out("  txa |  ror  a |  tax")
+                                    Register.Y -> asmgen.out("  tya |  ror  a |  tay")
+                                }
+                            }
+                            is IdentifierReference -> {
+                                val variable = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(what)
+                                asmgen.out("  ror  $variable")
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    DataType.UWORD -> {
+                        when(what) {
+                            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.identifier)
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.arrayspec.index)
+                                asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.ror_array_uw")
+                            }
+                            is IdentifierReference -> {
+                                val variable = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(what)
+                                asmgen.out("  ror  $variable+1 |  ror  $variable")
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            "ror2" -> {
+                // in-place
+                val what = fcall.args.single()
+                val dt = what.inferType(program)
+                when (dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE -> {
+                        when(what) {
+                            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.identifier)
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.arrayspec.index)
+                                asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.ror2_array_ub")
+                            }
+                            is DirectMemoryRead -> {
+                                if (what.addressExpression is NumericLiteralValue) {
+                                    val number = (what.addressExpression as NumericLiteralValue).number
+                                    asmgen.out("  lda  ${number.toHex()} |  lsr  a |  bcc  + |  ora  #\$80 |+  |  sta  ${number.toHex()}")
+                                } else {
+                                    asmgen.translateExpression(what.addressExpression)
+                                    asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.ror2_mem_ub")
+                                }
+                            }
+                            is RegisterExpr -> {
+                                when(what.register) {
+                                    Register.A -> asmgen.out("  lsr  a |  bcc  + |  ora  #\$80 |+  ")
+                                    Register.X -> asmgen.out("  txa |  lsr  a |  bcc  + |  ora  #\$80 |+  tax ")
+                                    Register.Y -> asmgen.out("  tya |  lsr  a |  bcc  + |  ora  #\$80 |+  tay ")
+                                }
+                            }
+                            is IdentifierReference -> {
+                                val variable = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(what)
+                                asmgen.out("  lda  $variable |  lsr  a |  bcc  + |  ora  #\$80 |+  |  sta  $variable")
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    DataType.UWORD -> {
+                        when(what) {
+                            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.identifier)
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(what.arrayspec.index)
+                                asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.ror2_array_uw")
+                            }
+                            is IdentifierReference -> {
+                                val variable = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(what)
+                                asmgen.out("  lsr  $variable+1 |  ror  $variable |  bcc  + |  lda  $variable+1 |  ora  #\$80 |  sta  $variable+1 |+  ")
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            "sort" -> {
+                val variable = fcall.args.single()
+                if(variable is IdentifierReference) {
+                    val decl = variable.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+                    val varName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(variable)
+                    val numElements = decl.arraysize!!.size()
+                    when(decl.datatype) {
+                        DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                                lda  #<$varName
+                                ldy  #>$varName
+                                sta  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_W1}
+                                sty  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_W1+1}
+                                lda  #$numElements
+                                sta  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_B1}
+                            """)
+                            asmgen.out(if(decl.datatype==DataType.ARRAY_UB) "  jsr  prog8_lib.sort_ub" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.sort_b")
+                        }
+                        DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W -> {
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                                lda  #<$varName
+                                ldy  #>$varName
+                                sta  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_W1}
+                                sty  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_W1+1}
+                                lda  #$numElements
+                                sta  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_B1}
+                            """)
+                            asmgen.out(if(decl.datatype==DataType.ARRAY_UW) "  jsr  prog8_lib.sort_uw" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.sort_w")
+                        }
+                        DataType.ARRAY_F -> TODO("sort floats (consider another solution if possible - this will be very slow, if ever implemented)")
+                        else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                    throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+            }
+            "reverse" -> {
+                val variable = fcall.args.single()
+                if (variable is IdentifierReference) {
+                    val decl = variable.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+                    val varName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(variable)
+                    val numElements = decl.arraysize!!.size()
+                    when (decl.datatype) {
+                        DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                                lda  #<$varName
+                                ldy  #>$varName
+                                sta  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_W1}
+                                sty  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_W1 + 1}
+                                lda  #$numElements
+                                jsr  prog8_lib.reverse_b
+                            """)
+                        }
+                        DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W -> {
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                                lda  #<$varName
+                                ldy  #>$varName
+                                sta  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_W1}
+                                sty  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_W1 + 1}
+                                lda  #$numElements
+                                jsr  prog8_lib.reverse_w
+                            """)
+                        }
+                        DataType.ARRAY_F -> TODO("reverse floats (consider another solution if possible - this will be quite slow, if ever implemented)")
+                        else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            "rsave" -> {
+                // save cpu status flag and all registers A, X, Y.
+                // see http://6502.org/tutorials/register_preservation.html
+                asmgen.out(" php |  sta  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_REG} | pha  | txa  | pha  | tya  | pha  | lda  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_REG}")
+            }
+            "rrestore" -> {
+                // restore all registers and cpu status flag
+                asmgen.out(" pla |  tay |  pla |  tax |  pla |  plp")
+            }
+            else -> {
+                translateFunctionArguments(fcall.args, func)
+                asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_$functionName")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun outputPushAddressAndLenghtOfArray(arg: Expression) {
+        arg as IdentifierReference
+        val identifierName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(arg)
+        val size = arg.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!.arraysize!!.size()!!
+        asmgen.out("""
+                    lda  #<$identifierName
+                    sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+                    lda  #>$identifierName
+                    sta  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
+                    dex
+                    lda  #$size
+                    sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+                    dex
+                    """)
+    }
+
+    private fun outputPushAddressOfIdentifier(arg: Expression) {
+        val identifierName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(arg as IdentifierReference)
+        asmgen.out("""
+                    lda  #<$identifierName
+                    sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+                    lda  #>$identifierName
+                    sta  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
+                    dex
+                    """)
+    }
+
+    private fun translateFunctionArguments(args: MutableList<Expression>, signature: FunctionSignature) {
+        args.forEach {
+            asmgen.translateExpression(it)
+        }
+    }
+
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/c64/codegen/ExpressionsAsmGen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,438 @@
+package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen
+
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.*
+import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.compiler.toHex
+import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.ESTACK_HI_HEX
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.ESTACK_LO_HEX
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.ESTACK_LO_PLUS2_HEX
+import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
+
+internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
+
+    internal fun translateExpression(expression: Expression) {
+        when(expression) {
+            is PrefixExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is BinaryExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> translatePushFromArray(expression)
+            is TypecastExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is AddressOf -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is DirectMemoryRead -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is NumericLiteralValue -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is RegisterExpr -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is IdentifierReference -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is FunctionCall -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is ArrayLiteralValue, is StringLiteralValue -> TODO("string/array/struct assignment?")
+            is StructLiteralValue -> throw AssemblyError("struct literal value assignment should have been flattened")
+            is RangeExpr -> throw AssemblyError("range expression should have been changed into array values")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateExpression(expression: FunctionCall) {
+        val functionName = expression.target.nameInSource.last()
+        val builtinFunc = BuiltinFunctions[functionName]
+        if (builtinFunc != null) {
+            asmgen.translateFunctioncallExpression(expression, builtinFunc)
+        } else {
+            asmgen.translateFunctionCall(expression)
+            val sub = expression.target.targetSubroutine(program.namespace)!!
+            val returns = sub.returntypes.zip(sub.asmReturnvaluesRegisters)
+            for ((_, reg) in returns) {
+                if (!reg.stack) {
+                    // result value in cpu or status registers, put it on the stack
+                    if (reg.registerOrPair != null) {
+                        when (reg.registerOrPair) {
+                            RegisterOrPair.A -> asmgen.out("  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  dex")
+                            RegisterOrPair.Y -> asmgen.out("  tya |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  dex")
+                            RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  tya |  sta  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x |  dex")
+                            RegisterOrPair.X, RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.XY -> throw AssemblyError("can't push X register - use a variable")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    // return value from a statusregister is not put on the stack, it should be acted on via a conditional branch such as if_cc
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: TypecastExpression) {
+        translateExpression(expr.expression)
+        when(expr.expression.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
+            DataType.UBYTE -> {
+                when(expr.type) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {}
+                    DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("  lda  #0  |  sta  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x")
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out(" jsr  c64flt.stack_ub2float")
+                    in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> throw AssemblyError("cannot cast to a pass-by-reference datatype")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            DataType.BYTE -> {
+                when(expr.type) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {}
+                    DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("  lda  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x  |  ${asmgen.signExtendAtoMsb("$ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x")}")
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out(" jsr  c64flt.stack_b2float")
+                    in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> throw AssemblyError("cannot cast to a pass-by-reference datatype")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            DataType.UWORD -> {
+                when(expr.type) {
+                    DataType.BYTE, DataType.UBYTE -> {}
+                    DataType.WORD, DataType.UWORD -> {}
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out(" jsr  c64flt.stack_uw2float")
+                    in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> throw AssemblyError("cannot cast to a pass-by-reference datatype")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            DataType.WORD -> {
+                when(expr.type) {
+                    DataType.BYTE, DataType.UBYTE -> {}
+                    DataType.WORD, DataType.UWORD -> {}
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out(" jsr  c64flt.stack_w2float")
+                    in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> throw AssemblyError("cannot cast to a pass-by-reference datatype")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                when(expr.type) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out(" jsr  c64flt.stack_float2uw")
+                    DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out(" jsr  c64flt.stack_float2w")
+                    DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out(" jsr  c64flt.stack_float2uw")
+                    DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out(" jsr  c64flt.stack_float2w")
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> {}
+                    in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> throw AssemblyError("cannot cast to a pass-by-reference datatype")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> throw AssemblyError("cannot case a pass-by-reference datatypes into something else")
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: AddressOf) {
+        val name = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(expr.identifier)
+        asmgen.out("  lda  #<$name |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  lda  #>$name  |  sta  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x  | dex")
+    }
+
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: DirectMemoryRead) {
+        when(expr.addressExpression) {
+            is NumericLiteralValue -> {
+                val address = (expr.addressExpression as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt()
+                asmgen.out("  lda  ${address.toHex()} |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  dex")
+            }
+            is IdentifierReference -> {
+                val sourceName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(expr.addressExpression as IdentifierReference)
+                asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  dex")
+            }
+            else -> {
+                translateExpression(expr.addressExpression)
+                asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.read_byte_from_address")
+                asmgen.out("  sta  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: NumericLiteralValue) {
+        when(expr.type) {
+            DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out(" lda  #${expr.number.toHex()}  | sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x  | dex")
+            DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("""
+                lda  #<${expr.number.toHex()}
+                sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+                lda  #>${expr.number.toHex()}
+                sta  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x
+                dex
+            """)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                val floatConst = asmgen.getFloatConst(expr.number.toDouble())
+                asmgen.out(" lda  #<$floatConst |  ldy  #>$floatConst |  jsr  c64flt.push_float")
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: RegisterExpr) {
+        when(expr.register) {
+            Register.A -> asmgen.out(" sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x | dex")
+            Register.X -> throw AssemblyError("cannot push X - use a variable instead of the X register")
+            Register.Y -> asmgen.out(" tya |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x | dex")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: IdentifierReference) {
+        val varname = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(expr)
+        when(expr.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
+            DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
+                asmgen.out("  lda  $varname  |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x  |  dex")
+            }
+            DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> {
+                asmgen.out("  lda  $varname  |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x  |  lda  $varname+1 |  sta  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x |  dex")
+            }
+            DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                asmgen.out(" lda  #<$varname |  ldy  #>$varname|  jsr  c64flt.push_float")
+            }
+            in IterableDatatypes -> {
+                asmgen.out("  lda  #<$varname  |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x  |  lda  #>$varname |  sta  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x |  dex")
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("stack push weird variable type $expr")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private val optimizedByteMultiplications = setOf(3,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,20,25,40)
+    private val optimizedWordMultiplications = setOf(3,5,6,7,9,10,12,15,20,25,40)
+    private val powersOfTwo = setOf(0,1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256)
+
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: BinaryExpression) {
+        val leftIDt = expr.left.inferType(program)
+        val rightIDt = expr.right.inferType(program)
+        if(!leftIDt.isKnown || !rightIDt.isKnown)
+            throw AssemblyError("can't infer type of both expression operands")
+
+        val leftDt = leftIDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+        val rightDt = rightIDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+        // see if we can apply some optimized routines
+        when(expr.operator) {
+            ">>" -> {
+                // bit-shifts are always by a constant number (for now)
+                translateExpression(expr.left)
+                val amount = expr.right.constValue(program)!!.number.toInt()
+                when (leftDt) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE -> repeat(amount) { asmgen.out("  lsr  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x") }
+                    DataType.BYTE -> repeat(amount) { asmgen.out("  lda  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x |  asl  a |  ror  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x") }
+                    DataType.UWORD -> repeat(amount) { asmgen.out("  lsr  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x |  ror  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x") }
+                    DataType.WORD -> repeat(amount) { asmgen.out("  lda  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x |  asl a  |  ror  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x |  ror  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x") }
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+                return
+            }
+            "<<" -> {
+                // bit-shifts are always by a constant number (for now)
+                translateExpression(expr.left)
+                val amount = expr.right.constValue(program)!!.number.toInt()
+                if (leftDt in ByteDatatypes)
+                    repeat(amount) { asmgen.out("  asl  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x") }
+                else
+                    repeat(amount) { asmgen.out("  asl  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x |  rol  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x") }
+                return
+            }
+            "*" -> {
+                val value = expr.right.constValue(program)
+                if(value!=null) {
+                    if(rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
+                        val amount = value.number.toInt()
+                        if(amount in powersOfTwo)
+                            printWarning("${expr.right.position} multiplication by power of 2 should have been optimized into a left shift instruction: $amount")
+                        when(rightDt) {
+                            DataType.UBYTE -> {
+                                if(amount in optimizedByteMultiplications) {
+                                    translateExpression(expr.left)
+                                    asmgen.out(" jsr  math.mul_byte_$amount")
+                                    return
+                                }
+                            }
+                            DataType.BYTE -> {
+                                if(amount in optimizedByteMultiplications) {
+                                    translateExpression(expr.left)
+                                    asmgen.out(" jsr  math.mul_byte_$amount")
+                                    return
+                                }
+                                if(amount.absoluteValue in optimizedByteMultiplications) {
+                                    translateExpression(expr.left)
+                                    asmgen.out(" jsr  prog8_lib.neg_b |  jsr  math.mul_byte_${amount.absoluteValue}")
+                                    return
+                                }
+                            }
+                            DataType.UWORD -> {
+                                if(amount in optimizedWordMultiplications) {
+                                    translateExpression(expr.left)
+                                    asmgen.out(" jsr  math.mul_word_$amount")
+                                    return
+                                }
+                            }
+                            DataType.WORD -> {
+                                if(amount in optimizedWordMultiplications) {
+                                    translateExpression(expr.left)
+                                    asmgen.out(" jsr  math.mul_word_$amount")
+                                    return
+                                }
+                                if(amount.absoluteValue in optimizedWordMultiplications) {
+                                    translateExpression(expr.left)
+                                    asmgen.out(" jsr  prog8_lib.neg_w |  jsr  math.mul_word_${amount.absoluteValue}")
+                                    return
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else -> {}
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // the general, non-optimized cases
+        translateExpression(expr.left)
+        translateExpression(expr.right)
+        if(leftDt!=rightDt)
+            throw AssemblyError("binary operator ${expr.operator} left/right dt not identical")     // is this strictly required always?
+        when (leftDt) {
+            in ByteDatatypes -> translateBinaryOperatorBytes(expr.operator, leftDt)
+            in WordDatatypes -> translateBinaryOperatorWords(expr.operator, leftDt)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> translateBinaryOperatorFloats(expr.operator)
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("non-numerical datatype")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: PrefixExpression) {
+        translateExpression(expr.expression)
+        val type = expr.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+        when(expr.operator) {
+            "+" -> {}
+            "-" -> {
+                when(type) {
+                    in ByteDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.neg_b")
+                    in WordDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.neg_w")
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("  jsr  c64flt.neg_f")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            "~" -> {
+                when(type) {
+                    in ByteDatatypes ->
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            lda  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                            eor  #255
+                            sta  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                            """)
+                    in WordDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.inv_word")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            "not" -> {
+                when(type) {
+                    in ByteDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.not_byte")
+                    in WordDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.not_word")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid prefix operator ${expr.operator}")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translatePushFromArray(arrayExpr: ArrayIndexedExpression) {
+        // assume *reading* from an array
+        val index = arrayExpr.arrayspec.index
+        val arrayDt = arrayExpr.identifier.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!.datatype
+        val arrayVarName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(arrayExpr.identifier)
+        if(index is NumericLiteralValue) {
+            val elementDt = ArrayElementTypes.getValue(arrayDt)
+            val indexValue = index.number.toInt() * elementDt.memorySize()
+            when(elementDt) {
+                in ByteDatatypes -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  lda  $arrayVarName+$indexValue |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  dex")
+                }
+                in WordDatatypes -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  lda  $arrayVarName+$indexValue |  sta  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x |  lda  $arrayVarName+$indexValue+1 |  sta  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x |  dex")
+                }
+                DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  lda  #<$arrayVarName+$indexValue |  ldy  #>$arrayVarName+$indexValue |  jsr  c64flt.push_float")
+                }
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+            }
+        } else {
+            asmgen.translateArrayIndexIntoA(arrayExpr)
+            asmgen.readAndPushArrayvalueWithIndexA(arrayDt, arrayExpr.identifier)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateBinaryOperatorBytes(operator: String, types: DataType) {
+        when(operator) {
+            "**" -> throw AssemblyError("** operator requires floats")
+            "*" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.mul_byte")  //  the optimized routines should have been checked earlier
+            "/" -> asmgen.out(if(types==DataType.UBYTE) "  jsr  prog8_lib.idiv_ub" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.idiv_b")
+            "%" -> {
+                if(types==DataType.BYTE)
+                    throw AssemblyError("remainder of signed integers is not properly defined/implemented, use unsigned instead")
+                asmgen.out("  jsr prog8_lib.remainder_ub")
+            }
+            "+" -> asmgen.out("""
+                lda  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS2_HEX,x
+                clc
+                adc  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                inx
+                sta  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                """)
+            "-" -> asmgen.out("""
+                lda  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS2_HEX,x
+                sec
+                sbc  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                inx
+                sta  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                """)
+            "<<", ">>" -> throw AssemblyError("bit-shifts not via stack")
+            "<" -> asmgen.out(if(types==DataType.UBYTE) "  jsr  prog8_lib.less_ub" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.less_b")
+            ">" -> asmgen.out(if(types==DataType.UBYTE) "  jsr  prog8_lib.greater_ub" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.greater_b")
+            "<=" -> asmgen.out(if(types==DataType.UBYTE) "  jsr  prog8_lib.lesseq_ub" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.lesseq_b")
+            ">=" -> asmgen.out(if(types==DataType.UBYTE) "  jsr  prog8_lib.greatereq_ub" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.greatereq_b")
+            "==" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.equal_b")
+            "!=" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.notequal_b")
+            "&" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.bitand_b")
+            "^" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.bitxor_b")
+            "|" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.bitor_b")
+            "and" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.and_b")
+            "or" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.or_b")
+            "xor" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.xor_b")
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator $operator")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateBinaryOperatorWords(operator: String, types: DataType) {
+        when(operator) {
+            "**" -> throw AssemblyError("** operator requires floats")
+            "*" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.mul_word")
+            "/" -> asmgen.out(if(types==DataType.UWORD) "  jsr  prog8_lib.idiv_uw" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.idiv_w")
+            "%" -> {
+                if(types==DataType.WORD)
+                    throw AssemblyError("remainder of signed integers is not properly defined/implemented, use unsigned instead")
+                asmgen.out("  jsr prog8_lib.remainder_uw")
+            }
+            "+" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.add_w")
+            "-" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.sub_w")
+            "<<" -> throw AssemblyError("<< should not operate via stack")
+            ">>" -> throw AssemblyError(">> should not operate via stack")
+            "<" -> asmgen.out(if(types==DataType.UWORD) "  jsr  prog8_lib.less_uw" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.less_w")
+            ">" -> asmgen.out(if(types==DataType.UWORD) "  jsr  prog8_lib.greater_uw" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.greater_w")
+            "<=" -> asmgen.out(if(types==DataType.UWORD) "  jsr  prog8_lib.lesseq_uw" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.lesseq_w")
+            ">=" -> asmgen.out(if(types==DataType.UWORD) "  jsr  prog8_lib.greatereq_uw" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.greatereq_w")
+            "==" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.equal_w")
+            "!=" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.notequal_w")
+            "&" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.bitand_w")
+            "^" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.bitxor_w")
+            "|" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.bitor_w")
+            "and" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.and_w")
+            "or" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.or_w")
+            "xor" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.xor_w")
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator $operator")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateBinaryOperatorFloats(operator: String) {
+        when(operator) {
+            "**" -> asmgen.out(" jsr  c64flt.pow_f")
+            "*" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  c64flt.mul_f")
+            "/" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  c64flt.div_f")
+            "+" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  c64flt.add_f")
+            "-" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  c64flt.sub_f")
+            "<" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  c64flt.less_f")
+            ">" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  c64flt.greater_f")
+            "<=" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  c64flt.lesseq_f")
+            ">=" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  c64flt.greatereq_f")
+            "==" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  c64flt.equal_f")
+            "!=" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  c64flt.notequal_f")
+            "%", "<<", ">>", "&", "^", "|", "and", "or", "xor" -> throw AssemblyError("requires integer datatype")
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator $operator")
+        }
+    }
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/c64/codegen/ForLoopsAsmGen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,700 @@
+package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen
+
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.base.Register
+import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
+import prog8.ast.expressions.RangeExpr
+import prog8.ast.statements.AssignTarget
+import prog8.ast.statements.Assignment
+import prog8.ast.statements.ForLoop
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.ESTACK_LO_HEX
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX
+import prog8.compiler.toHex
+import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
+import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
+
+// todo choose more efficient comparisons to avoid needless lda's
+// todo optimize common case step == 2 / -2
+
+
+internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
+
+    internal fun translate(stmt: ForLoop) {
+        val iterableDt = stmt.iterable.inferType(program)
+        if(!iterableDt.isKnown)
+            throw AssemblyError("can't determine iterable dt")
+        when(stmt.iterable) {
+            is RangeExpr -> {
+                val range = (stmt.iterable as RangeExpr).toConstantIntegerRange()
+                if(range==null) {
+                    translateForOverNonconstRange(stmt, iterableDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT), stmt.iterable as RangeExpr)
+                } else {
+                    translateForOverConstRange(stmt, iterableDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT), range)
+                }
+            }
+            is IdentifierReference -> {
+                translateForOverIterableVar(stmt, iterableDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT), stmt.iterable as IdentifierReference)
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("can't iterate over ${stmt.iterable}")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateForOverNonconstRange(stmt: ForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, range: RangeExpr) {
+        val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
+        val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
+        val continueLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_continue")
+        asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
+        asmgen.loopContinueLabels.push(continueLabel)
+        val stepsize=range.step.constValue(program)!!.number.toInt()
+        when(iterableDt) {
+            DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UB -> {
+                if (stepsize==1 || stepsize==-1) {
+
+                    // bytes, step 1 or -1
+
+                    val incdec = if(stepsize==1) "inc" else "dec"
+                    if (stmt.loopRegister != null) {
+                        // loop register over range
+                        if(stmt.loopRegister!= Register.A)
+                            throw AssemblyError("can only use A")
+                        asmgen.translateExpression(range.to)
+                        asmgen.translateExpression(range.from)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                inx
+                lda  ${ESTACK_LO_HEX},x
+                sta  $loopLabel+1
+$loopLabel      lda  #0                 ; modified""")
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+$continueLabel  lda  $loopLabel+1
+                cmp  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                beq  $endLabel
+                $incdec  $loopLabel+1
+                jmp  $loopLabel
+$endLabel       inx""")
+                    } else {
+                        // loop over byte range via loopvar
+                        val varname = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(stmt.loopVar!!)
+                        asmgen.translateExpression(range.to)
+                        asmgen.translateExpression(range.from)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                inx
+                lda  ${ESTACK_LO_HEX},x
+                sta  $varname
+$loopLabel""")
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+$continueLabel  lda  $varname
+                cmp  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                beq  $endLabel
+                $incdec  $varname
+                jmp  $loopLabel
+$endLabel       inx""")
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+
+                    // bytes, step >= 2 or <= -2
+
+                    if (stmt.loopRegister != null) {
+                        // loop register over range
+                        if(stmt.loopRegister!= Register.A)
+                            throw AssemblyError("can only use A")
+                        asmgen.translateExpression(range.to)
+                        asmgen.translateExpression(range.from)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                inx
+                lda  ${ESTACK_LO_HEX},x
+                sta  $loopLabel+1
+$loopLabel      lda  #0                 ; modified""")
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+$continueLabel  lda  $loopLabel+1""")
+                        if(stepsize>0) {
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                clc
+                adc  #$stepsize
+                sta  $loopLabel+1
+                cmp  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                bcc  $loopLabel
+                beq  $loopLabel""")
+                        } else {
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                sec
+                sbc  #${stepsize.absoluteValue}
+                sta  $loopLabel+1
+                cmp  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                bcs  $loopLabel""")
+                        }
+                        asmgen.out("""
+$endLabel       inx""")
+                    } else {
+                        // loop over byte range via loopvar
+                        val varname = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(stmt.loopVar!!)
+                        asmgen.translateExpression(range.to)
+                        asmgen.translateExpression(range.from)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                inx
+                lda  ${ESTACK_LO_HEX},x
+                sta  $varname
+$loopLabel""")
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+$continueLabel  lda  $varname""")
+                        if(stepsize>0) {
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                clc
+                adc  #$stepsize
+                sta  $varname
+                cmp  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                bcc  $loopLabel
+                beq  $loopLabel""")
+                        } else {
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                sec
+                sbc  #${stepsize.absoluteValue}
+                sta  $varname
+                cmp  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                bcs  $loopLabel""")
+                        }
+                        asmgen.out("""
+$endLabel       inx""")
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            DataType.ARRAY_W, DataType.ARRAY_UW -> {
+                when {
+
+                    // words, step 1 or -1
+
+                    stepsize == 1 || stepsize == -1 -> {
+                        asmgen.translateExpression(range.to)
+                        val varname = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(stmt.loopVar!!)
+                        val assignLoopvar = Assignment(AssignTarget(null, stmt.loopVar, null, null, stmt.loopVar!!.position),
+                                null, range.from, range.position)
+                        assignLoopvar.linkParents(stmt)
+                        asmgen.translate(assignLoopvar)
+                        asmgen.out(loopLabel)
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                lda  $varname+1
+                cmp  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                bne  +
+                lda  $varname
+                cmp  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                beq  $endLabel""")
+                        if(stepsize==1) {
+                            asmgen.out("""
++               inc  $varname
+                bne  +
+                inc  $varname+1            
+                            """)
+                        } else {
+                            asmgen.out("""
++               lda  $varname
+                bne  +
+                dec  $varname+1
++               dec  $varname""")
+                        }
+                        asmgen.out("""
++               jmp  $loopLabel
+$endLabel       inx""")
+                    }
+                    stepsize > 0 -> {
+
+                        // (u)words, step >= 2
+
+                        asmgen.translateExpression(range.to)
+                        val varname = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(stmt.loopVar!!)
+                        val assignLoopvar = Assignment(AssignTarget(null, stmt.loopVar, null, null, stmt.loopVar!!.position),
+                                null, range.from, range.position)
+                        assignLoopvar.linkParents(stmt)
+                        asmgen.translate(assignLoopvar)
+                        asmgen.out(loopLabel)
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+
+                        if (iterableDt == DataType.ARRAY_UW) {
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                lda  $varname
+                clc
+                adc  #<$stepsize
+                sta  $varname
+                lda  $varname+1
+                adc  #>$stepsize
+                sta  $varname+1
+                lda  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                cmp  $varname+1
+                bcc  $endLabel
+                bne  $loopLabel
+                lda  $varname
+                cmp  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                bcc  $endLabel
+                bcs  $loopLabel
+$endLabel       inx""")
+                        } else {
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                lda  $varname
+                clc
+                adc  #<$stepsize
+                sta  $varname
+                lda  $varname+1
+                adc  #>$stepsize
+                sta  $varname+1
+                lda  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                cmp  $varname
+                lda  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                sbc  $varname+1
+                bvc  +
+                eor  #$80
++               bpl  $loopLabel                
+$endLabel       inx""")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else -> {
+
+                        // (u)words, step <= -2
+                        asmgen.translateExpression(range.to)
+                        val varname = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(stmt.loopVar!!)
+                        val assignLoopvar = Assignment(AssignTarget(null, stmt.loopVar, null, null, stmt.loopVar!!.position),
+                                null, range.from, range.position)
+                        assignLoopvar.linkParents(stmt)
+                        asmgen.translate(assignLoopvar)
+                        asmgen.out(loopLabel)
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+
+                        if(iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_UW) {
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                lda  $varname
+                sec
+                sbc  #<${stepsize.absoluteValue}
+                sta  $varname
+                lda  $varname+1
+                sbc  #>${stepsize.absoluteValue}
+                sta  $varname+1
+                cmp  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                bcc  $endLabel
+                bne  $loopLabel
+                lda  $varname
+                cmp  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                bcs  $loopLabel
+$endLabel       inx""")
+                        } else {
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                lda  $varname
+                sec
+                sbc  #<${stepsize.absoluteValue}
+                sta  $varname
+                pha
+                lda  $varname+1
+                sbc  #>${stepsize.absoluteValue}
+                sta  $varname+1
+                pla
+                cmp  $ESTACK_LO_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                lda  $varname+1
+                sbc  $ESTACK_HI_PLUS1_HEX,x
+                bvc  +
+                eor  #$80
++               bpl  $loopLabel                
+$endLabel       inx""")
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("range expression can only be byte or word")
+        }
+
+        asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
+        asmgen.loopContinueLabels.pop()
+    }
+
+    private fun translateForOverIterableVar(stmt: ForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, ident: IdentifierReference) {
+        val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
+        val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
+        val continueLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_continue")
+        asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
+        asmgen.loopContinueLabels.push(continueLabel)
+        val iterableName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(ident)
+        val decl = ident.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+        when(iterableDt) {
+            DataType.STR -> {
+                if(stmt.loopRegister!=null && stmt.loopRegister!= Register.A)
+                    throw AssemblyError("can only use A")
+                asmgen.out("""
+                    lda  #<$iterableName
+                    ldy  #>$iterableName
+                    sta  $loopLabel+1
+                    sty  $loopLabel+2
+$loopLabel          lda  ${65535.toHex()}       ; modified
+                    beq  $endLabel""")
+                if(stmt.loopVar!=null)
+                    asmgen.out("  sta  ${asmgen.asmIdentifierName(stmt.loopVar!!)}")
+                asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                asmgen.out("""
+$continueLabel      inc  $loopLabel+1
+                    bne  $loopLabel
+                    inc  $loopLabel+2
+                    bne  $loopLabel
+$endLabel""")
+            }
+            DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
+                // TODO: optimize loop code when the length of the array is < 256, don't need a separate counter in such cases
+                val length = decl.arraysize!!.size()!!
+                if(stmt.loopRegister!=null && stmt.loopRegister!= Register.A)
+                    throw AssemblyError("can only use A")
+                val counterLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_counter")
+                val modifiedLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_modified")
+                asmgen.out("""
+                    lda  #<$iterableName
+                    ldy  #>$iterableName
+                    sta  $modifiedLabel+1
+                    sty  $modifiedLabel+2
+                    ldy  #0
+$loopLabel          sty  $counterLabel
+$modifiedLabel      lda  ${65535.toHex()},y       ; modified""")
+                if(stmt.loopVar!=null)
+                    asmgen.out("  sta  ${asmgen.asmIdentifierName(stmt.loopVar!!)}")
+                asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                asmgen.out("""
+$continueLabel      ldy  $counterLabel
+                    iny
+                    cpy  #${length and 255}
+                    beq  $endLabel
+                    jmp  $loopLabel
+$counterLabel       .byte  0
+$endLabel""")
+            }
+            DataType.ARRAY_W, DataType.ARRAY_UW -> {
+                // TODO: optimize loop code when the length of the array is < 256, don't need a separate counter in such cases
+                val length = decl.arraysize!!.size()!! * 2
+                if(stmt.loopRegister!=null)
+                    throw AssemblyError("can't use register to loop over words")
+                val counterLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_counter")
+                val modifiedLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_modified")
+                val modifiedLabel2 = asmgen.makeLabel("for_modified2")
+                val loopvarName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(stmt.loopVar!!)
+                asmgen.out("""
+                    lda  #<$iterableName
+                    ldy  #>$iterableName
+                    sta  $modifiedLabel+1
+                    sty  $modifiedLabel+2
+                    lda  #<$iterableName+1
+                    ldy  #>$iterableName+1
+                    sta  $modifiedLabel2+1
+                    sty  $modifiedLabel2+2
+                    ldy  #0
+$loopLabel          sty  $counterLabel
+$modifiedLabel      lda  ${65535.toHex()},y       ; modified
+                    sta  $loopvarName
+$modifiedLabel2     lda  ${65535.toHex()},y       ; modified
+                    sta  $loopvarName+1""")
+                asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                asmgen.out("""
+$continueLabel      ldy  $counterLabel
+                    iny
+                    iny
+                    cpy  #${length and 255}
+                    beq  $endLabel
+                    jmp  $loopLabel
+$counterLabel       .byte  0
+$endLabel""")
+            }
+            DataType.ARRAY_F -> {
+                throw AssemblyError("for loop with floating point variables is not supported")
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("can't iterate over $iterableDt")
+        }
+        asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
+        asmgen.loopContinueLabels.pop()
+    }
+
+    private fun translateForOverConstRange(stmt: ForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, range: IntProgression) {
+        // TODO: optimize loop code when the range is < 256 iterations, don't need a separate counter in such cases
+        if (range.isEmpty())
+            throw AssemblyError("empty range")
+        val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
+        val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
+        val continueLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_continue")
+        asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
+        asmgen.loopContinueLabels.push(continueLabel)
+        when(iterableDt) {
+            DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UB -> {
+                val counterLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_counter")
+                if(stmt.loopRegister!=null) {
+
+                    // loop register over range
+
+                    if(stmt.loopRegister!= Register.A)
+                        throw AssemblyError("can only use A")
+                    when {
+                        range.step==1 -> {
+                            // step = 1
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                lda  #${range.first}
+                sta  $loopLabel+1
+                lda  #${range.last-range.first+1 and 255}
+                sta  $counterLabel
+$loopLabel      lda  #0                 ; modified""")
+                            asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                            asmgen.out("""
+$continueLabel  dec  $counterLabel
+                beq  $endLabel
+                inc  $loopLabel+1
+                jmp  $loopLabel
+$counterLabel   .byte  0                
+$endLabel""")
+                        }
+                        range.step==-1 -> {
+                            // step = -1
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                lda  #${range.first}
+                sta  $loopLabel+1
+                lda  #${range.first-range.last+1 and 255}
+                sta  $counterLabel
+$loopLabel      lda  #0                 ; modified """)
+                            asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                            asmgen.out("""
+$continueLabel  dec  $counterLabel
+                beq  $endLabel
+                dec  $loopLabel+1
+                jmp  $loopLabel
+$counterLabel   .byte  0                
+$endLabel""")
+                        }
+                        range.step >= 2 -> {
+                            // step >= 2
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                lda  #${(range.last-range.first) / range.step + 1}
+                sta  $counterLabel
+                lda  #${range.first}
+$loopLabel      pha""")
+                            asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                            asmgen.out("""
+$continueLabel  pla
+                dec  $counterLabel
+                beq  $endLabel
+                clc
+                adc  #${range.step}
+                jmp  $loopLabel
+$counterLabel   .byte  0                
+$endLabel""")
+                        }
+                        else -> {
+                            // step <= -2
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                lda  #${(range.first-range.last) / range.step.absoluteValue + 1}
+                sta  $counterLabel
+                lda  #${range.first}
+$loopLabel      pha""")
+                            asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                            asmgen.out("""
+$continueLabel  pla
+                dec  $counterLabel
+                beq  $endLabel
+                sec
+                sbc  #${range.step.absoluteValue}
+                jmp  $loopLabel
+$counterLabel   .byte  0                
+$endLabel""")
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                } else {
+
+                    // loop over byte range via loopvar
+                    val varname = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(stmt.loopVar!!)
+                    when {
+                        range.step==1 -> {
+                            // step = 1
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                lda  #${range.first}
+                sta  $varname
+                lda  #${range.last-range.first+1 and 255}
+                sta  $counterLabel
+$loopLabel""")
+                            asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                            asmgen.out("""
+$continueLabel  dec  $counterLabel
+                beq  $endLabel
+                inc  $varname
+                jmp  $loopLabel
+$counterLabel   .byte  0                
+$endLabel""")
+                        }
+                        range.step==-1 -> {
+                            // step = -1
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                lda  #${range.first}
+                sta  $varname
+                lda  #${range.first-range.last+1 and 255}
+                sta  $counterLabel
+$loopLabel""")
+                            asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                            asmgen.out("""
+$continueLabel  dec  $counterLabel
+                beq  $endLabel
+                dec  $varname
+                jmp  $loopLabel
+$counterLabel   .byte  0                
+$endLabel""")
+                        }
+                        range.step >= 2 -> {
+                            // step >= 2
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                lda  #${(range.last-range.first) / range.step + 1}
+                sta  $counterLabel
+                lda  #${range.first}
+                sta  $varname
+$loopLabel""")
+                            asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                            asmgen.out("""
+$continueLabel  dec  $counterLabel
+                beq  $endLabel
+                lda  $varname
+                clc
+                adc  #${range.step}
+                sta  $varname
+                jmp  $loopLabel
+$counterLabel   .byte  0                
+$endLabel""")
+                        }
+                        else -> {
+                            // step <= -2
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                lda  #${(range.first-range.last) / range.step.absoluteValue + 1}
+                sta  $counterLabel
+                lda  #${range.first}
+                sta  $varname
+$loopLabel""")
+                            asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                            asmgen.out("""
+$continueLabel  dec  $counterLabel
+                beq  $endLabel
+                lda  $varname
+                sec
+                sbc  #${range.step.absoluteValue}
+                sta  $varname
+                jmp  $loopLabel
+$counterLabel   .byte  0                
+$endLabel""")
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            DataType.ARRAY_W, DataType.ARRAY_UW -> {
+                // loop over word range via loopvar
+                val varname = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(stmt.loopVar!!)
+                when {
+                    range.step == 1 -> {
+                        // word, step = 1
+                        val lastValue = range.last+1
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                lda  #<${range.first}
+                ldy  #>${range.first}
+                sta  $varname
+                sty  $varname+1
+$loopLabel""")
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+$continueLabel  inc  $varname
+                bne  +
+                inc  $varname+1
++               lda  $varname
+                cmp  #<$lastValue
+                bne  +
+                lda  $varname+1
+                cmp  #>$lastValue
+                beq  $endLabel
++               jmp  $loopLabel
+$endLabel""")
+                    }
+                    range.step == -1 -> {
+                        // word, step = 1
+                        val lastValue = range.last-1
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                lda  #<${range.first}
+                ldy  #>${range.first}
+                sta  $varname
+                sty  $varname+1
+$loopLabel""")
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+$continueLabel  lda  $varname
+                bne  +
+                dec  $varname+1
++               dec  $varname
+                lda  $varname
+                cmp  #<$lastValue
+                bne  +
+                lda  $varname+1
+                cmp  #>$lastValue
+                beq  $endLabel
++               jmp  $loopLabel
+$endLabel""")
+                    }
+                    range.step >= 2 -> {
+                        // word, step >= 2
+                        // note: range.last has already been adjusted by kotlin itself to actually be the last value of the sequence
+                        val lastValue = range.last+range.step
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                lda  #<${range.first}
+                ldy  #>${range.first}
+                sta  $varname
+                sty  $varname+1
+$loopLabel""")
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+$continueLabel  clc
+                lda  $varname
+                adc  #<${range.step}
+                sta  $varname
+                lda  $varname+1
+                adc  #>${range.step}
+                sta  $varname+1
+                lda  $varname
+                cmp  #<$lastValue
+                bne  +
+                lda  $varname+1
+                cmp  #>$lastValue
+                beq  $endLabel
++               jmp  $loopLabel
+$endLabel""")
+                    }
+                    else -> {
+                        // step <= -2
+                        // note: range.last has already been adjusted by kotlin itself to actually be the last value of the sequence
+                        val lastValue = range.last+range.step
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                lda  #<${range.first}
+                ldy  #>${range.first}
+                sta  $varname
+                sty  $varname+1
+$loopLabel""")
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+$continueLabel  sec
+                lda  $varname
+                sbc  #<${range.step.absoluteValue}
+                sta  $varname
+                lda  $varname+1
+                sbc  #>${range.step.absoluteValue}
+                sta  $varname+1
+                lda  $varname
+                cmp  #<$lastValue
+                bne  +
+                lda  $varname+1
+                cmp  #>$lastValue
+                beq  $endLabel
++               jmp  $loopLabel
+$endLabel""")
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("range expression can only be byte or word")
+        }
+        asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
+        asmgen.loopContinueLabels.pop()
+    }
+
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/c64/codegen/FunctionCallAsmGen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen
+
+import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.*
+import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.ast.statements.AssignTarget
+import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
+import prog8.ast.statements.SubroutineParameter
+import prog8.compiler.toHex
+import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.ESTACK_HI_HEX
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.ESTACK_LO_HEX
+
+
+internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
+
+    internal fun translateFunctionCall(stmt: IFunctionCall) {
+        // output the code to setup the parameters and perform the actual call
+        // does NOT output the code to deal with the result values!
+        val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program.namespace) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
+        if(Register.X in sub.asmClobbers)
+            asmgen.out("  stx  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREGX")        // we only save X for now (required! is the eval stack pointer), screw A and Y...
+
+        val subName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(stmt.target)
+        if(stmt.args.isNotEmpty()) {
+            for(arg in sub.parameters.withIndex().zip(stmt.args)) {
+                translateFuncArguments(arg.first, arg.second, sub)
+            }
+        }
+        asmgen.out("  jsr  $subName")
+
+        if(Register.X in sub.asmClobbers)
+            asmgen.out("  ldx  c64.SCRATCH_ZPREGX")        // restore X again
+    }
+
+    private fun translateFuncArguments(parameter: IndexedValue<SubroutineParameter>, value: Expression, sub: Subroutine) {
+        val sourceIDt = value.inferType(program)
+        if(!sourceIDt.isKnown)
+            throw AssemblyError("arg type unknown")
+        val sourceDt = sourceIDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+        if(!argumentTypeCompatible(sourceDt, parameter.value.type))
+            throw AssemblyError("argument type incompatible")
+        if(sub.asmParameterRegisters.isEmpty()) {
+            // pass parameter via a variable
+            val paramVar = parameter.value
+            val scopedParamVar = (sub.scopedname+"."+paramVar.name).split(".")
+            val target = AssignTarget(null, IdentifierReference(scopedParamVar, sub.position), null, null, sub.position)
+            target.linkParents(value.parent)
+            when (value) {
+                is NumericLiteralValue -> {
+                    // optimize when the argument is a constant literal
+                    when(parameter.value.type) {
+                        in ByteDatatypes -> asmgen.assignFromByteConstant(target, value.number.toShort())
+                        in WordDatatypes -> asmgen.assignFromWordConstant(target, value.number.toInt())
+                        DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.assignFromFloatConstant(target, value.number.toDouble())
+                        in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> throw AssemblyError("can't pass string/array as arguments?")
+                        else -> throw AssemblyError("weird parameter datatype")
+                    }
+                }
+                is IdentifierReference -> {
+                    // optimize when the argument is a variable
+                    when (parameter.value.type) {
+                        in ByteDatatypes -> asmgen.assignFromByteVariable(target, value)
+                        in WordDatatypes -> asmgen.assignFromWordVariable(target, value)
+                        DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.assignFromFloatVariable(target, value)
+                        in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> throw AssemblyError("can't pass string/array as arguments?")
+                        else -> throw AssemblyError("weird parameter datatype")
+                    }
+                }
+                is RegisterExpr -> {
+                    asmgen.assignFromRegister(target, value.register)
+                }
+                is DirectMemoryRead -> {
+                    when(value.addressExpression) {
+                        is NumericLiteralValue -> {
+                            val address = (value.addressExpression as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt()
+                            asmgen.assignFromMemoryByte(target, address, null)
+                        }
+                        is IdentifierReference -> {
+                            asmgen.assignFromMemoryByte(target, null, value.addressExpression as IdentifierReference)
+                        }
+                        else -> {
+                            asmgen.translateExpression(value.addressExpression)
+                            asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.read_byte_from_address |  inx")
+                            asmgen.assignFromRegister(target, Register.A)
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else -> {
+                    asmgen.translateExpression(value)
+                    asmgen.assignFromEvalResult(target)
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // pass parameter via a register parameter
+            val paramRegister = sub.asmParameterRegisters[parameter.index]
+            val statusflag = paramRegister.statusflag
+            val register = paramRegister.registerOrPair
+            val stack = paramRegister.stack
+            when {
+                stack -> {
+                    // push arg onto the stack
+                    // note: argument order is reversed (first argument will be deepest on the stack)
+                    asmgen.translateExpression(value)
+                }
+                statusflag!=null -> {
+                    if (statusflag == Statusflag.Pc) {
+                        // this param needs to be set last, right before the jsr
+                        // for now, this is already enforced on the subroutine definition by the Ast Checker
+                        when(value) {
+                            is NumericLiteralValue -> {
+                                val carrySet = value.number.toInt() != 0
+                                asmgen.out(if(carrySet) "  sec" else "  clc")
+                            }
+                            is IdentifierReference -> {
+                                val sourceName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(value)
+                                asmgen.out("""
+            lda  $sourceName
+            beq  +
+            sec  
+            bcs  ++
++           clc
++
+""")
+                            }
+                            is RegisterExpr -> {
+                                when(value.register) {
+                                    Register.A -> asmgen.out("  cmp  #0")
+                                    Register.X -> asmgen.out("  txa")
+                                    Register.Y -> asmgen.out("  tya")
+                                }
+                                asmgen.out("""
+            beq  +
+            sec
+            bcs  ++
++           clc
++
+""")
+                            }
+                            else -> {
+                                asmgen.translateExpression(value)
+                                asmgen.out("""
+            inx                        
+            lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x
+            beq  +
+            sec  
+            bcs  ++
++           clc
++
+""")
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else throw AssemblyError("can only use Carry as status flag parameter")
+                }
+                register!=null && register.name.length==1 -> {
+                    when (value) {
+                        is NumericLiteralValue -> {
+                            val target = AssignTarget(Register.valueOf(register.name), null, null, null, sub.position)
+                            target.linkParents(value.parent)
+                            asmgen.assignFromByteConstant(target, value.number.toShort())
+                        }
+                        is IdentifierReference -> {
+                            val target = AssignTarget(Register.valueOf(register.name), null, null, null, sub.position)
+                            target.linkParents(value.parent)
+                            asmgen.assignFromByteVariable(target, value)
+                        }
+                        else -> {
+                            asmgen.translateExpression(value)
+                            when(register) {
+                                RegisterOrPair.A -> asmgen.out("  inx | lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x")
+                                RegisterOrPair.X -> throw AssemblyError("can't pop into X register - use a variable instead")
+                                RegisterOrPair.Y -> asmgen.out("  inx | ldy  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x")
+                                else -> throw AssemblyError("cannot assign to register pair")
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                register!=null && register.name.length==2 -> {
+                    // register pair as a 16-bit value (only possible for subroutine parameters)
+                    when (value) {
+                        is NumericLiteralValue -> {
+                            // optimize when the argument is a constant literal
+                            val hex = value.number.toHex()
+                            when (register) {
+                                RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out("  lda  #<$hex  |  ldx  #>$hex")
+                                RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  lda  #<$hex  |  ldy  #>$hex")
+                                RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  ldx  #<$hex  |  ldy  #>$hex")
+                                else -> {}
+                            }
+                        }
+                        is AddressOf -> {
+                            // optimize when the argument is an address of something
+                            val sourceName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(value.identifier)
+                            when (register) {
+                                RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out("  lda  #<$sourceName  |  ldx  #>$sourceName")
+                                RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  lda  #<$sourceName  |  ldy  #>$sourceName")
+                                RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  ldx  #<$sourceName  |  ldy  #>$sourceName")
+                                else -> {}
+                            }
+                        }
+                        is IdentifierReference -> {
+                            val sourceName = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(value)
+                            when (register) {
+                                RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName  |  ldx  $sourceName+1")
+                                RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName  |  ldy  $sourceName+1")
+                                RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  ldx  $sourceName  |  ldy  $sourceName+1")
+                                else -> {}
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else -> {
+                            asmgen.translateExpression(value)
+                            if (register == RegisterOrPair.AX || register == RegisterOrPair.XY)
+                                throw AssemblyError("can't use X register here - use a variable")
+                            else if (register == RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                                asmgen.out("  inx |  lda  $ESTACK_LO_HEX,x  |  ldy  $ESTACK_HI_HEX,x")
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun argumentTypeCompatible(argType: DataType, paramType: DataType): Boolean {
+        if(argType isAssignableTo paramType)
+            return true
+
+        // we have a special rule for some types.
+        // strings are assignable to UWORD, for example, and vice versa
+        if(argType==DataType.STR && paramType==DataType.UWORD)
+            return true
+        if(argType==DataType.UWORD && paramType == DataType.STR)
+            return true
+
+        return false
+    }
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/c64/codegen/PostIncrDecrAsmGen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen
+
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.*
+import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
+import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.expressions.RegisterExpr
+import prog8.ast.statements.PostIncrDecr
+import prog8.compiler.toHex
+import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.C64Zeropage
+
+
+internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
+    internal fun translate(stmt: PostIncrDecr) {
+        val incr = stmt.operator=="++"
+        val targetIdent = stmt.target.identifier
+        val targetMemory = stmt.target.memoryAddress
+        val targetArrayIdx = stmt.target.arrayindexed
+        val targetRegister = stmt.target.register
+        when {
+            targetRegister!=null -> {
+                when(targetRegister) {
+                    Register.A -> {
+                        if(incr)
+                            asmgen.out("  clc |  adc  #1 ")
+                        else
+                            asmgen.out("  sec |  sbc  #1 ")
+                    }
+                    Register.X -> {
+                        if(incr) asmgen.out("  inx") else asmgen.out("  dex")
+                    }
+                    Register.Y -> {
+                        if(incr) asmgen.out("  iny") else asmgen.out("  dey")
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            targetIdent!=null -> {
+                val what = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetIdent)
+                val dt = stmt.target.inferType(program, stmt).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+                when (dt) {
+                    in ByteDatatypes -> asmgen.out(if (incr) "  inc  $what" else "  dec  $what")
+                    in WordDatatypes -> {
+                        if(incr)
+                            asmgen.out(" inc  $what |  bne  + |  inc  $what+1 |+")
+                        else
+                            asmgen.out("""
+        lda  $what
+        bne  +
+        dec  $what+1
++       dec  $what 
+""")
+                    }
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                        asmgen.out("  lda  #<$what |  ldy  #>$what")
+                        asmgen.out(if(incr) "  jsr  c64flt.inc_var_f" else "  jsr  c64flt.dec_var_f")
+                    }
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("need numeric type")
+                }
+            }
+            targetMemory!=null -> {
+                when (val addressExpr = targetMemory.addressExpression) {
+                    is NumericLiteralValue -> {
+                        val what = addressExpr.number.toHex()
+                        asmgen.out(if(incr) "  inc  $what" else "  dec  $what")
+                    }
+                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                        val what = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(addressExpr)
+                        asmgen.out(if(incr) "  inc  $what" else "  dec  $what")
+                    }
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target type $targetMemory")
+                }
+            }
+            targetArrayIdx!=null -> {
+                val index = targetArrayIdx.arrayspec.index
+                val what = asmgen.asmIdentifierName(targetArrayIdx.identifier)
+                val arrayDt = targetArrayIdx.identifier.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+                val elementDt = ArrayElementTypes.getValue(arrayDt)
+                when(index) {
+                    is NumericLiteralValue -> {
+                        val indexValue = index.number.toInt() * elementDt.memorySize()
+                        when(elementDt) {
+                            in ByteDatatypes -> asmgen.out(if (incr) "  inc  $what+$indexValue" else "  dec  $what+$indexValue")
+                            in WordDatatypes -> {
+                                if(incr)
+                                    asmgen.out(" inc  $what+$indexValue |  bne  + |  inc  $what+$indexValue+1 |+")
+                                else
+                                    asmgen.out("""
+        lda  $what+$indexValue
+        bne  +
+        dec  $what+$indexValue+1
++       dec  $what+$indexValue 
+""")
+                            }
+                            DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                                asmgen.out("  lda  #<$what+$indexValue |  ldy  #>$what+$indexValue")
+                                asmgen.out(if(incr) "  jsr  c64flt.inc_var_f" else "  jsr  c64flt.dec_var_f")
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("need numeric type")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    is RegisterExpr -> {
+                        // TODO optimize common cases
+                        asmgen.translateArrayIndexIntoA(targetArrayIdx)
+                        incrDecrArrayvalueWithIndexA(incr, arrayDt, what)
+                    }
+                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                        // TODO optimize common cases
+                        asmgen.translateArrayIndexIntoA(targetArrayIdx)
+                        incrDecrArrayvalueWithIndexA(incr, arrayDt, what)
+                    }
+                    else -> {
+                        // TODO optimize common cases
+                        asmgen.translateArrayIndexIntoA(targetArrayIdx)
+                        incrDecrArrayvalueWithIndexA(incr, arrayDt, what)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target type ${stmt.target}")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun incrDecrArrayvalueWithIndexA(incr: Boolean, arrayDt: DataType, arrayVarName: String) {
+        asmgen.out("  stx  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_REG_X} |  tax")
+        when(arrayDt) {
+            DataType.STR,
+            DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
+                asmgen.out(if(incr) "  inc  $arrayVarName,x" else "  dec  $arrayVarName,x")
+            }
+            DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W -> {
+                if(incr)
+                    asmgen.out(" inc  $arrayVarName,x |  bne  + |  inc  $arrayVarName+1,x |+")
+                else
+                    asmgen.out("""
+        lda  $arrayVarName,x
+        bne  +
+        dec  $arrayVarName+1,x
++       dec  $arrayVarName 
+""")
+            }
+            DataType.ARRAY_F -> {
+                asmgen.out("  lda  #<$arrayVarName |  ldy  #>$arrayVarName")
+                asmgen.out(if(incr) "  jsr  c64flt.inc_indexed_var_f" else "  jsr  c64flt.dec_indexed_var_f")
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird array dt")
+        }
+        asmgen.out("  ldx  ${C64Zeropage.SCRATCH_REG_X}")
+    }
+
+}

compiler/src/prog8/functions/BuiltinFunctions.kt

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 package prog8.functions
 
-import prog8.ast.*
+import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.expressions.DirectMemoryRead
-import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
-import prog8.ast.expressions.LiteralValue
-import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
+import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.compiler.CompilerException
 import kotlin.math.*
 
@@ -13,7 +10,7 @@ import kotlin.math.*
 class BuiltinFunctionParam(val name: String, val possibleDatatypes: Set<DataType>)
 
 
-typealias ConstExpressionCaller = (args: List<IExpression>, position: Position, program: Program) -> LiteralValue
+typealias ConstExpressionCaller = (args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program) -> NumericLiteralValue
 
 
 class FunctionSignature(val pure: Boolean,      // does it have side effects?
@@ -30,13 +27,16 @@ val BuiltinFunctions = mapOf(
     "ror2"        to FunctionSignature(false, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("item", setOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
     "lsl"         to FunctionSignature(false, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("item", IntegerDatatypes)), null),
     "lsr"         to FunctionSignature(false, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("item", IntegerDatatypes)), null),
+    "sort"        to FunctionSignature(false, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("array", ArrayDatatypes)), null),
+    "reverse"     to FunctionSignature(false, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("array", ArrayDatatypes)), null),
         // these few have a return value depending on the argument(s):
-    "max"         to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), null) { a, p, prg -> collectionArgOutputNumber(a, p, prg) { it.max()!! }},    // type depends on args
-    "min"         to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), null) { a, p, prg -> collectionArgOutputNumber(a, p, prg) { it.min()!! }},    // type depends on args
-    "sum"         to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), null) { a, p, prg -> collectionArgOutputNumber(a, p, prg) { it.sum() }},      // type depends on args
+    "max"         to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), null) { a, p, prg -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinMax) },    // type depends on args
+    "min"         to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), null) { a, p, prg -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinMin) },    // type depends on args
+    "sum"         to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), null) { a, p, prg -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinSum) },      // type depends on args
     "abs"         to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("value", NumericDatatypes)), null, ::builtinAbs),      // type depends on argument
     "len"         to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("values", IterableDatatypes)), null, ::builtinLen),    // type is UBYTE or UWORD depending on actual length
         // normal functions follow:
+    "sgn"         to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("value", NumericDatatypes)), DataType.BYTE, ::builtinSgn ),
     "sin"         to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("rads", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::sin) },
     "sin8"        to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("angle8", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.BYTE, ::builtinSin8 ),
     "sin8u"       to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("angle8", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UBYTE, ::builtinSin8u ),
@@ -55,12 +55,11 @@ val BuiltinFunctions = mapOf(
     "sqrt"        to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::sqrt) },
     "rad"         to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::toRadians) },
     "deg"         to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::toDegrees) },
-    "avg"         to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.FLOAT, ::builtinAvg),
     "round"       to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArgOutputWord(a, p, prg, Math::round) },
     "floor"       to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArgOutputWord(a, p, prg, Math::floor) },
     "ceil"        to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArgOutputWord(a, p, prg, Math::ceil) },
-    "any"         to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg -> collectionArgOutputBoolean(a, p, prg) { it.any { v -> v != 0.0} }},
-    "all"         to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg -> collectionArgOutputBoolean(a, p, prg) { it.all { v -> v != 0.0} }},
+    "any"         to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinAny) },
+    "all"         to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinAll) },
     "lsb"         to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("value", setOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg -> oneIntArgOutputInt(a, p, prg) { x: Int -> x and 255 }},
     "msb"         to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("value", setOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg -> oneIntArgOutputInt(a, p, prg) { x: Int -> x ushr 8 and 255}},
     "mkword"      to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(
@@ -78,63 +77,52 @@ val BuiltinFunctions = mapOf(
     "read_flags"  to FunctionSignature(false, emptyList(), DataType.UBYTE),
     "swap"        to FunctionSignature(false, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("first", NumericDatatypes), BuiltinFunctionParam("second", NumericDatatypes)), null),
     "memcopy"     to FunctionSignature(false, listOf(
-                                                        BuiltinFunctionParam("from", IterableDatatypes + setOf(DataType.UWORD)),
-                                                        BuiltinFunctionParam("to", IterableDatatypes + setOf(DataType.UWORD)),
+                                                        BuiltinFunctionParam("from", IterableDatatypes + DataType.UWORD),
+                                                        BuiltinFunctionParam("to", IterableDatatypes + DataType.UWORD),
                                                         BuiltinFunctionParam("numbytes", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), null),
     "memset"      to FunctionSignature(false, listOf(
-                                                        BuiltinFunctionParam("address", IterableDatatypes + setOf(DataType.UWORD)),
+                                                        BuiltinFunctionParam("address", IterableDatatypes + DataType.UWORD),
                                                         BuiltinFunctionParam("numbytes", setOf(DataType.UWORD)),
                                                         BuiltinFunctionParam("bytevalue", ByteDatatypes)), null),
     "memsetw"     to FunctionSignature(false, listOf(
-                                                        BuiltinFunctionParam("address", IterableDatatypes + setOf(DataType.UWORD)),
+                                                        BuiltinFunctionParam("address", IterableDatatypes + DataType.UWORD),
                                                         BuiltinFunctionParam("numwords", setOf(DataType.UWORD)),
                                                         BuiltinFunctionParam("wordvalue", setOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), null),
-    "strlen"      to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("string", StringDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE, ::builtinStrlen),
-    "vm_write_memchr"  to FunctionSignature(false, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("address", setOf(DataType.UWORD))), null),
-    "vm_write_memstr"  to FunctionSignature(false, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("address", setOf(DataType.UWORD))), null),
-    "vm_write_num"     to FunctionSignature(false, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("number", NumericDatatypes)), null),
-    "vm_write_char"    to FunctionSignature(false, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("char", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), null),
-    "vm_write_str"     to FunctionSignature(false, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("string", StringDatatypes)), null),
-    "vm_input_str"     to FunctionSignature(false, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("intovar", StringDatatypes)), null),
-    "vm_gfx_clearscr"  to FunctionSignature(false, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("color", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), null),
-    "vm_gfx_pixel"     to FunctionSignature(false, listOf(
-                                                        BuiltinFunctionParam("x", IntegerDatatypes),
-                                                        BuiltinFunctionParam("y", IntegerDatatypes),
-                                                        BuiltinFunctionParam("color", IntegerDatatypes)), null),
-    "vm_gfx_line"     to FunctionSignature(false, listOf(
-                                                        BuiltinFunctionParam("x1", IntegerDatatypes),
-                                                        BuiltinFunctionParam("y1", IntegerDatatypes),
-                                                        BuiltinFunctionParam("x2", IntegerDatatypes),
-                                                        BuiltinFunctionParam("y2", IntegerDatatypes),
-                                                        BuiltinFunctionParam("color", IntegerDatatypes)), null),
-    "vm_gfx_text"      to FunctionSignature(false, listOf(
-                                                        BuiltinFunctionParam("x", IntegerDatatypes),
-                                                        BuiltinFunctionParam("y", IntegerDatatypes),
-                                                        BuiltinFunctionParam("color", IntegerDatatypes),
-                                                        BuiltinFunctionParam("text", StringDatatypes)),
-                                                        null)
+    "strlen"      to FunctionSignature(true, listOf(BuiltinFunctionParam("string", setOf(DataType.STR))), DataType.UBYTE, ::builtinStrlen)
 )
 
+fun builtinMax(array: List<Number>): Number = array.maxBy { it.toDouble() }!!
 
-fun builtinFunctionReturnType(function: String, args: List<IExpression>, program: Program): DataType? {
+fun builtinMin(array: List<Number>): Number = array.minBy { it.toDouble() }!!
 
-    fun datatypeFromIterableArg(arglist: IExpression): DataType {
-        if(arglist is LiteralValue) {
-            if(arglist.type== DataType.ARRAY_UB || arglist.type== DataType.ARRAY_UW || arglist.type== DataType.ARRAY_F) {
-                val dt = arglist.arrayvalue!!.map {it.inferType(program)}
-                if(dt.any { it!= DataType.UBYTE && it!= DataType.UWORD && it!= DataType.FLOAT}) {
-                    throw FatalAstException("fuction $function only accepts arraysize of numeric values")
+fun builtinSum(array: List<Number>): Number = array.sumByDouble { it.toDouble() }
+
+fun builtinAny(array: List<Number>): Number = if(array.any { it.toDouble()!=0.0 }) 1 else 0
+
+fun builtinAll(array: List<Number>): Number = if(array.all { it.toDouble()!=0.0 }) 1 else 0
+
+
+fun builtinFunctionReturnType(function: String, args: List<Expression>, program: Program): InferredTypes.InferredType {
+
+    fun datatypeFromIterableArg(arglist: Expression): DataType {
+        if(arglist is ArrayLiteralValue) {
+            val dt = arglist.value.map {it.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)}.toSet()
+            if(dt.any { it !in NumericDatatypes }) {
+                throw FatalAstException("fuction $function only accepts array of numeric values")
             }
-                if(dt.any { it== DataType.FLOAT }) return DataType.FLOAT
-                if(dt.any { it== DataType.UWORD }) return DataType.UWORD
+            if(DataType.FLOAT in dt) return DataType.FLOAT
+            if(DataType.UWORD in dt) return DataType.UWORD
+            if(DataType.WORD in dt) return DataType.WORD
+            if(DataType.BYTE in dt) return DataType.BYTE
             return DataType.UBYTE
         }
-        }
         if(arglist is IdentifierReference) {
-            return when(val dt = arglist.inferType(program)) {
-                in NumericDatatypes -> dt!!
-                in StringDatatypes -> dt!!
-                in ArrayDatatypes -> ArrayElementTypes.getValue(dt!!)
+            val idt = arglist.inferType(program)
+            if(!idt.isKnown)
+                throw FatalAstException("couldn't determine type of iterable $arglist")
+            return when(val dt = idt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
+                DataType.STR, in NumericDatatypes -> dt
+                in ArrayDatatypes -> ArrayElementTypes.getValue(dt)
                 else -> throw FatalAstException("function '$function' requires one argument which is an iterable")
             }
         }
@@ -143,44 +131,43 @@ fun builtinFunctionReturnType(function: String, args: List<IExpression>, program
 
     val func = BuiltinFunctions.getValue(function)
     if(func.returntype!=null)
-        return func.returntype
+        return InferredTypes.knownFor(func.returntype)
     // function has return values, but the return type depends on the arguments
 
     return when (function) {
         "abs" -> {
-            when(val dt = args.single().inferType(program)) {
-                in ByteDatatypes -> DataType.UBYTE
-                in WordDatatypes -> DataType.UWORD
-                DataType.FLOAT -> DataType.FLOAT
-                else -> throw FatalAstException("weird datatype passed to abs $dt")
-            }
+            val dt = args.single().inferType(program)
+            if(dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) in NumericDatatypes)
+                return dt
+            else
+                throw FatalAstException("weird datatype passed to abs $dt")
         }
         "max", "min" -> {
             when(val dt = datatypeFromIterableArg(args.single())) {
-                in NumericDatatypes -> dt
-                in StringDatatypes -> DataType.UBYTE
-                in ArrayDatatypes -> ArrayElementTypes.getValue(dt)
-                else -> null
+                DataType.STR -> InferredTypes.knownFor(DataType.UBYTE)
+                in NumericDatatypes -> InferredTypes.knownFor(dt)
+                in ArrayDatatypes -> InferredTypes.knownFor(ArrayElementTypes.getValue(dt))
+                else -> InferredTypes.unknown()
             }
         }
         "sum" -> {
             when(datatypeFromIterableArg(args.single())) {
-                DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD -> DataType.UWORD
-                DataType.BYTE, DataType.WORD -> DataType.WORD
-                DataType.FLOAT -> DataType.FLOAT
-                DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_UW -> DataType.UWORD
-                DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_W -> DataType.WORD
-                DataType.ARRAY_F -> DataType.FLOAT
-                in StringDatatypes -> DataType.UWORD
-                else -> null
+                DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD -> InferredTypes.knownFor(DataType.UWORD)
+                DataType.BYTE, DataType.WORD -> InferredTypes.knownFor(DataType.WORD)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> InferredTypes.knownFor(DataType.FLOAT)
+                DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_UW -> InferredTypes.knownFor(DataType.UWORD)
+                DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_W -> InferredTypes.knownFor(DataType.WORD)
+                DataType.ARRAY_F -> InferredTypes.knownFor(DataType.FLOAT)
+                DataType.STR -> InferredTypes.knownFor(DataType.UWORD)
+                else -> InferredTypes.unknown()
             }
         }
         "len" -> {
             // a length can be >255 so in that case, the result is an UWORD instead of an UBYTE
             // but to avoid a lot of code duplication we simply assume UWORD in all cases for now
-            return DataType.UWORD
+            return InferredTypes.knownFor(DataType.UWORD)
         }
-        else -> return null
+        else -> return InferredTypes.unknown()
     }
 }
 
@@ -188,181 +175,104 @@ fun builtinFunctionReturnType(function: String, args: List<IExpression>, program
 class NotConstArgumentException: AstException("not a const argument to a built-in function")
 
 
-private fun oneDoubleArg(args: List<IExpression>, position: Position, program: Program, function: (arg: Double)->Number): LiteralValue {
+private fun oneDoubleArg(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, function: (arg: Double)->Number): NumericLiteralValue {
     if(args.size!=1)
         throw SyntaxError("built-in function requires one floating point argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
-    val float = getFloatArg(constval, args[0].position)
+    val float = constval.number.toDouble()
     return numericLiteral(function(float), args[0].position)
 }
 
-private fun getFloatArg(v: LiteralValue, position: Position): Double {
-    val nv = v.asNumericValue ?: throw SyntaxError("numerical argument required", position)
-    return nv.toDouble()
-}
-
-private fun oneDoubleArgOutputWord(args: List<IExpression>, position: Position, program: Program, function: (arg: Double)->Number): LiteralValue {
+private fun oneDoubleArgOutputWord(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, function: (arg: Double)->Number): NumericLiteralValue {
     if(args.size!=1)
         throw SyntaxError("built-in function requires one floating point argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
-    val float = getFloatArg(constval, args[0].position)
-    return LiteralValue(DataType.WORD, wordvalue = function(float).toInt(), position = args[0].position)
+    val float = constval.number.toDouble()
+    return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.WORD, function(float).toInt(), args[0].position)
 }
 
-private fun oneIntArgOutputInt(args: List<IExpression>, position: Position, program: Program, function: (arg: Int)->Number): LiteralValue {
+private fun oneIntArgOutputInt(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, function: (arg: Int)->Number): NumericLiteralValue {
     if(args.size!=1)
         throw SyntaxError("built-in function requires one integer argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
     if(constval.type != DataType.UBYTE && constval.type!= DataType.UWORD)
         throw SyntaxError("built-in function requires one integer argument", position)
 
-    val integer = constval.asNumericValue?.toInt()!!
+    val integer = constval.number.toInt()
     return numericLiteral(function(integer).toInt(), args[0].position)
 }
 
-private fun collectionArgOutputNumber(args: List<IExpression>, position: Position,
-                                      program: Program,
-                                      function: (arg: Collection<Double>)->Number): LiteralValue {
+private fun collectionArg(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, function: (arg: List<Number>)->Number): NumericLiteralValue {
     if(args.size!=1)
         throw SyntaxError("builtin function requires one non-scalar argument", position)
-    val iterable = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
 
-    val result = if(iterable.arrayvalue != null) {
-        val constants = iterable.arrayvalue.map { it.constValue(program)?.asNumericValue }
-        if(null in constants)
+    val array= args[0] as? ArrayLiteralValue ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
+    val constElements = array.value.map{it.constValue(program)?.number}
+    if(constElements.contains(null))
         throw NotConstArgumentException()
-        function(constants.map { it!!.toDouble() }).toDouble()
-    } else {
-        when(iterable.type) {
-            DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD, DataType.FLOAT -> throw SyntaxError("function expects an iterable type", position)
-            else -> {
-                val heapId = iterable.heapId ?: throw FatalAstException("iterable value should be on the heap")
-                val array = program.heap.get(heapId).array ?: throw SyntaxError("function expects an iterable type", position)
-                function(array.map {
-                    if(it.integer!=null)
-                        it.integer.toDouble()
-                    else
-                        throw FatalAstException("cannot perform function over array that contains other values besides constant integers")
-                })
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return numericLiteral(result, args[0].position)
+
+    return NumericLiteralValue.optimalNumeric(function(constElements.mapNotNull { it }), args[0].position)
 }
 
-private fun collectionArgOutputBoolean(args: List<IExpression>, position: Position,
-                                       program: Program,
-                                       function: (arg: Collection<Double>)->Boolean): LiteralValue {
-    if(args.size!=1)
-        throw SyntaxError("builtin function requires one non-scalar argument", position)
-    val iterable = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
-
-    val result = if(iterable.arrayvalue != null) {
-        val constants = iterable.arrayvalue.map { it.constValue(program)?.asNumericValue }
-        if(null in constants)
-            throw NotConstArgumentException()
-        function(constants.map { it!!.toDouble() })
-    } else {
-        val array = program.heap.get(iterable.heapId!!).array ?: throw SyntaxError("function requires array argument", position)
-        function(array.map {
-            if(it.integer!=null)
-                it.integer.toDouble()
-            else
-                throw FatalAstException("cannot perform function over array that contains other values besides constant integers")
-        })
-    }
-    return LiteralValue.fromBoolean(result, position)
-}
-
-private fun builtinAbs(args: List<IExpression>, position: Position, program: Program): LiteralValue {
+private fun builtinAbs(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
     // 1 arg, type = float or int, result type= isSameAs as argument type
     if(args.size!=1)
         throw SyntaxError("abs requires one numeric argument", position)
 
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
-    return when (val number = constval.asNumericValue) {
-        is Int, is Byte, is Short -> numericLiteral(abs(number.toInt()), args[0].position)
-        is Double -> numericLiteral(abs(number.toDouble()), args[0].position)
+    return when (constval.type) {
+        in IntegerDatatypes -> numericLiteral(abs(constval.number.toInt()), args[0].position)
+        DataType.FLOAT -> numericLiteral(abs(constval.number.toDouble()), args[0].position)
         else -> throw SyntaxError("abs requires one numeric argument", position)
     }
 }
 
-private fun builtinAvg(args: List<IExpression>, position: Position, program: Program): LiteralValue {
-    if(args.size!=1)
-        throw SyntaxError("avg requires array argument", position)
-    val iterable = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
-    val result = if(iterable.arrayvalue!=null) {
-        val constants = iterable.arrayvalue.map { it.constValue(program)?.asNumericValue }
-        if (null in constants)
-            throw NotConstArgumentException()
-        (constants.map { it!!.toDouble() }).average()
-    }
-    else {
-        val heapId = iterable.heapId!!
-        val integerarray = program.heap.get(heapId).array
-        if(integerarray!=null) {
-            if (integerarray.all { it.integer != null }) {
-                integerarray.map { it.integer!! }.average()
-            } else {
-                throw ExpressionError("cannot avg() over array that does not only contain constant numerical values", position)
-            }
-        } else {
-            val doublearray = program.heap.get(heapId).doubleArray
-            doublearray?.average() ?: throw SyntaxError("avg requires array argument", position)
-        }
-    }
-    return numericLiteral(result, args[0].position)
-}
-
-private fun builtinStrlen(args: List<IExpression>, position: Position, program: Program): LiteralValue {
+private fun builtinStrlen(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("strlen requires one argument", position)
     val argument = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
-    if(argument.type !in StringDatatypes)
+    if(argument.type != DataType.STR)
         throw SyntaxError("strlen must have string argument", position)
-    val string = argument.strvalue!!
-    val zeroIdx = string.indexOf('\u0000')
-    return if(zeroIdx>=0)
-        LiteralValue.optimalInteger(zeroIdx, position=position)
-    else
-        LiteralValue.optimalInteger(string.length, position=position)
+
+    throw NotConstArgumentException()       // this function is not considering the string argument a constant
 }
 
-private fun builtinLen(args: List<IExpression>, position: Position, program: Program): LiteralValue {
+private fun builtinLen(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
     // note: in some cases the length is > 255 and then we have to return a UWORD type instead of a UBYTE.
     if(args.size!=1)
         throw SyntaxError("len requires one argument", position)
-    var argument = args[0].constValue(program)
-    if(argument==null) {
+    val constArg = args[0].constValue(program)
+    if(constArg!=null)
+        throw SyntaxError("len of weird argument ${args[0]}", position)
+
     val directMemVar = ((args[0] as? DirectMemoryRead)?.addressExpression as? IdentifierReference)?.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
-        val arraySize = directMemVar?.arraysize?.size()
+    var arraySize = directMemVar?.arraysize?.size()
     if(arraySize != null)
-            return LiteralValue.optimalInteger(arraySize, position)
+        return NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(arraySize, position)
+    if(args[0] is ArrayLiteralValue)
+        return NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger((args[0] as ArrayLiteralValue).value.size, position)
     if(args[0] !is IdentifierReference)
         throw SyntaxError("len argument should be an identifier, but is ${args[0]}", position)
-        val target = (args[0] as IdentifierReference).targetStatement(program.namespace)
-        val argValue = (target as? VarDecl)?.value
-        argument = argValue?.constValue(program)
-                ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
-    }
-    return when(argument.type) {
+    val target = (args[0] as IdentifierReference).targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+
+    return when(target.datatype) {
         DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W -> {
-            val arraySize = argument.arrayvalue?.size ?: program.heap.get(argument.heapId!!).arraysize
+            arraySize = target.arraysize!!.size()!!
             if(arraySize>256)
-                throw CompilerException("array length exceeds byte limit ${argument.position}")
-            LiteralValue.optimalInteger(arraySize, args[0].position)
+                throw CompilerException("array length exceeds byte limit ${target.position}")
+            NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(arraySize, args[0].position)
         }
         DataType.ARRAY_F -> {
-            val arraySize = argument.arrayvalue?.size ?: program.heap.get(argument.heapId!!).arraysize
+            arraySize = target.arraysize!!.size()!!
             if(arraySize>256)
-                throw CompilerException("array length exceeds byte limit ${argument.position}")
-            LiteralValue.optimalInteger(arraySize, args[0].position)
+                throw CompilerException("array length exceeds byte limit ${target.position}")
+            NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(arraySize, args[0].position)
         }
-        in StringDatatypes -> {
-            val str = argument.strvalue!!
-            if(str.length>255)
-                throw CompilerException("string length exceeds byte limit ${argument.position}")
-            LiteralValue.optimalInteger(str.length, args[0].position)
+        DataType.STR -> {
+            val refLv = target.value as StringLiteralValue
+            if(refLv.value.length>255)
+                throw CompilerException("string length exceeds byte limit ${refLv.position}")
+            NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(refLv.value.length, args[0].position)
         }
         in NumericDatatypes -> throw SyntaxError("len of weird argument ${args[0]}", position)
         else -> throw CompilerException("weird datatype")
@@ -370,80 +280,87 @@ private fun builtinLen(args: List<IExpression>, position: Position, program: Pro
 }
 
 
-private fun builtinMkword(args: List<IExpression>, position: Position, program: Program): LiteralValue {
+private fun builtinMkword(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 2)
         throw SyntaxError("mkword requires lsb and msb arguments", position)
     val constLsb = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
     val constMsb = args[1].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
-    val result = (constMsb.asIntegerValue!! shl 8) or constLsb.asIntegerValue!!
-    return LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = result, position = position)
+    val result = (constMsb.number.toInt() shl 8) or constLsb.number.toInt()
+    return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, result, position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinSin8(args: List<IExpression>, position: Position, program: Program): LiteralValue {
+private fun builtinSin8(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("sin8 requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
-    val rad = constval.asNumericValue!!.toDouble() /256.0 * 2.0 * PI
-    return LiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, bytevalue = (127.0 * sin(rad)).toShort(), position = position)
+    val rad = constval.number.toDouble() /256.0 * 2.0 * PI
+    return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, (127.0 * sin(rad)).toShort(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinSin8u(args: List<IExpression>, position: Position, program: Program): LiteralValue {
+private fun builtinSin8u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("sin8u requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
-    val rad = constval.asNumericValue!!.toDouble() /256.0 * 2.0 * PI
-    return LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, bytevalue = (128.0 + 127.5 * sin(rad)).toShort(), position = position)
+    val rad = constval.number.toDouble() /256.0 * 2.0 * PI
+    return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, (128.0 + 127.5 * sin(rad)).toShort(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinCos8(args: List<IExpression>, position: Position, program: Program): LiteralValue {
+private fun builtinCos8(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("cos8 requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
-    val rad = constval.asNumericValue!!.toDouble() /256.0 * 2.0 * PI
-    return LiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, bytevalue = (127.0 * cos(rad)).toShort(), position = position)
+    val rad = constval.number.toDouble() /256.0 * 2.0 * PI
+    return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, (127.0 * cos(rad)).toShort(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinCos8u(args: List<IExpression>, position: Position, program: Program): LiteralValue {
+private fun builtinCos8u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("cos8u requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
-    val rad = constval.asNumericValue!!.toDouble() /256.0 * 2.0 * PI
-    return LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, bytevalue = (128.0 + 127.5 * cos(rad)).toShort(), position = position)
+    val rad = constval.number.toDouble() /256.0 * 2.0 * PI
+    return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, (128.0 + 127.5 * cos(rad)).toShort(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinSin16(args: List<IExpression>, position: Position, program: Program): LiteralValue {
+private fun builtinSin16(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("sin16 requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
-    val rad = constval.asNumericValue!!.toDouble() /256.0 * 2.0 * PI
-    return LiteralValue(DataType.WORD, wordvalue = (32767.0 * sin(rad)).toInt(), position = position)
+    val rad = constval.number.toDouble() /256.0 * 2.0 * PI
+    return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.WORD, (32767.0 * sin(rad)).toInt(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinSin16u(args: List<IExpression>, position: Position, program: Program): LiteralValue {
+private fun builtinSin16u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("sin16u requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
-    val rad = constval.asNumericValue!!.toDouble() /256.0 * 2.0 * PI
-    return LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = (32768.0 + 32767.5 * sin(rad)).toInt(), position = position)
+    val rad = constval.number.toDouble() /256.0 * 2.0 * PI
+    return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, (32768.0 + 32767.5 * sin(rad)).toInt(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinCos16(args: List<IExpression>, position: Position, program: Program): LiteralValue {
+private fun builtinCos16(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("cos16 requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
-    val rad = constval.asNumericValue!!.toDouble() /256.0 * 2.0 * PI
-    return LiteralValue(DataType.WORD, wordvalue = (32767.0 * cos(rad)).toInt(), position = position)
+    val rad = constval.number.toDouble() /256.0 * 2.0 * PI
+    return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.WORD, (32767.0 * cos(rad)).toInt(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinCos16u(args: List<IExpression>, position: Position, program: Program): LiteralValue {
+private fun builtinCos16u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("cos16u requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
-    val rad = constval.asNumericValue!!.toDouble() /256.0 * 2.0 * PI
-    return LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = (32768.0 + 32767.5 * cos(rad)).toInt(), position = position)
+    val rad = constval.number.toDouble() /256.0 * 2.0 * PI
+    return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, (32768.0 + 32767.5 * cos(rad)).toInt(), position)
 }
 
-private fun numericLiteral(value: Number, position: Position): LiteralValue {
+private fun builtinSgn(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+    if (args.size != 1)
+        throw SyntaxError("sgn requires one argument", position)
+    val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
+    return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, constval.number.toDouble().sign.toShort(), position)
+}
+
+private fun numericLiteral(value: Number, position: Position): NumericLiteralValue {
     val floatNum=value.toDouble()
     val tweakedValue: Number =
             if(floatNum== floor(floatNum) && (floatNum>=-32768 && floatNum<=65535))
@@ -452,11 +369,11 @@ private fun numericLiteral(value: Number, position: Position): LiteralValue {
                 floatNum
 
     return when(tweakedValue) {
-        is Int -> LiteralValue.optimalNumeric(value.toInt(), position)
-        is Short -> LiteralValue.optimalNumeric(value.toInt(), position)
-        is Byte -> LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, bytevalue = value.toShort(), position = position)
-        is Double -> LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = value.toDouble(), position = position)
-        is Float -> LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = value.toDouble(), position = position)
+        is Int -> NumericLiteralValue.optimalNumeric(value.toInt(), position)
+        is Short -> NumericLiteralValue.optimalNumeric(value.toInt(), position)
+        is Byte -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, value.toShort(), position)
+        is Double -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, value.toDouble(), position)
+        is Float -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, value.toDouble(), position)
         else -> throw FatalAstException("invalid number type ${value::class}")
     }
 }

compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/CallGraph.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package prog8.optimizer
 
-import prog8.ast.*
+import prog8.ast.INameScope
+import prog8.ast.Module
+import prog8.ast.Node
+import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.DataType
 import prog8.ast.base.ParentSentinel
 import prog8.ast.base.VarDeclType
@@ -18,7 +21,8 @@ class CallGraph(private val program: Program): IAstVisitor {
     val modulesImportedBy = mutableMapOf<Module, List<Module>>().withDefault { mutableListOf() }
     val subroutinesCalling = mutableMapOf<INameScope, List<Subroutine>>().withDefault { mutableListOf() }
     val subroutinesCalledBy = mutableMapOf<Subroutine, List<Node>>().withDefault { mutableListOf() }
-    val usedSymbols = mutableSetOf<IStatement>()
+    // TODO  add dataflow graph: what statements use what variables
+    val usedSymbols = mutableSetOf<Statement>()
 
     init {
         visit(program)
@@ -93,11 +97,11 @@ class CallGraph(private val program: Program): IAstVisitor {
         super.visit(identifier)
     }
 
-    private fun addNodeAndParentScopes(stmt: IStatement) {
+    private fun addNodeAndParentScopes(stmt: Statement) {
         usedSymbols.add(stmt)
         var node: Node=stmt
         do {
-            if(node is INameScope && node is IStatement) {
+            if(node is INameScope && node is Statement) {
                 usedSymbols.add(node)
             }
             node=node.parent
@@ -107,7 +111,8 @@ class CallGraph(private val program: Program): IAstVisitor {
     override fun visit(subroutine: Subroutine) {
         val alwaysKeepSubroutines = setOf(
                 Pair("main", "start"),
-                Pair("irq", "irq")
+                Pair("irq", "irq"),
+                Pair("prog8_lib", "init_system")
         )
 
         if(Pair(subroutine.definingScope().name, subroutine.name) in alwaysKeepSubroutines
@@ -119,7 +124,7 @@ class CallGraph(private val program: Program): IAstVisitor {
     }
 
     override fun visit(decl: VarDecl) {
-        if(decl.hiddenButDoNotRemove || (decl.definingModule().isLibraryModule && decl.type!=VarDeclType.VAR)) {
+        if(decl.autogeneratedDontRemove || (decl.definingModule().isLibraryModule && decl.type!=VarDeclType.VAR)) {
             // make sure autogenerated vardecls are in the used symbols
             addNodeAndParentScopes(decl)
         }
@@ -175,7 +180,7 @@ class CallGraph(private val program: Program): IAstVisitor {
         super.visit(inlineAssembly)
     }
 
-    private fun scanAssemblyCode(asm: String, context: IStatement, scope: INameScope) {
+    private fun scanAssemblyCode(asm: String, context: Statement, scope: INameScope) {
         val asmJumpRx = Regex("""[\-+a-zA-Z0-9_ \t]+(jmp|jsr)[ \t]+(\S+).*""", RegexOption.IGNORE_CASE)
         val asmRefRx = Regex("""[\-+a-zA-Z0-9_ \t]+(...)[ \t]+(\S+).*""", RegexOption.IGNORE_CASE)
         asm.lines().forEach { line ->

compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/ConstExprEvaluator.kt

@@ -1,17 +1,14 @@
 package prog8.optimizer
 
-import prog8.ast.*
-import prog8.ast.base.DataType
-import prog8.ast.base.ExpressionError
-import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
-import prog8.ast.base.Position
-import prog8.ast.expressions.LiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.base.*
+import prog8.ast.expressions.Expression
+import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
 import kotlin.math.pow
 
 
 class ConstExprEvaluator {
 
-    fun evaluate(left: LiteralValue, operator: String, right: LiteralValue): IExpression {
+    fun evaluate(left: NumericLiteralValue, operator: String, right: NumericLiteralValue): Expression {
         return when(operator) {
             "+" -> plus(left, right)
             "-" -> minus(left, right)
@@ -25,200 +22,188 @@ class ConstExprEvaluator {
             "and" -> logicaland(left, right)
             "or" -> logicalor(left, right)
             "xor" -> logicalxor(left, right)
-            "<" -> LiteralValue.fromBoolean(left < right, left.position)
-            ">" -> LiteralValue.fromBoolean(left > right, left.position)
-            "<=" -> LiteralValue.fromBoolean(left <= right, left.position)
-            ">=" -> LiteralValue.fromBoolean(left >= right, left.position)
-            "==" -> LiteralValue.fromBoolean(left == right, left.position)
-            "!=" -> LiteralValue.fromBoolean(left != right, left.position)
+            "<" -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left < right, left.position)
+            ">" -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left > right, left.position)
+            "<=" -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left <= right, left.position)
+            ">=" -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left >= right, left.position)
+            "==" -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left == right, left.position)
+            "!=" -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left != right, left.position)
             "<<" -> shiftedleft(left, right)
             ">>" -> shiftedright(left, right)
             else -> throw FatalAstException("const evaluation for invalid operator $operator")
         }
     }
 
-    private fun shiftedright(left: LiteralValue, amount: LiteralValue): IExpression {
-        if(left.asIntegerValue==null || amount.asIntegerValue==null)
+    private fun shiftedright(left: NumericLiteralValue, amount: NumericLiteralValue): Expression {
+        if(left.type !in IntegerDatatypes || amount.type !in IntegerDatatypes)
             throw ExpressionError("cannot compute $left >> $amount", left.position)
         val result =
                 if(left.type== DataType.UBYTE || left.type== DataType.UWORD)
-                    left.asIntegerValue.ushr(amount.asIntegerValue)
+                    left.number.toInt().ushr(amount.number.toInt())
                 else
-                    left.asIntegerValue.shr(amount.asIntegerValue)
-        return LiteralValue.fromNumber(result, left.type, left.position)
+                    left.number.toInt().shr(amount.number.toInt())
+        return NumericLiteralValue(left.type, result, left.position)
     }
 
-    private fun shiftedleft(left: LiteralValue, amount: LiteralValue): IExpression {
-        if(left.asIntegerValue==null || amount.asIntegerValue==null)
+    private fun shiftedleft(left: NumericLiteralValue, amount: NumericLiteralValue): Expression {
+        if(left.type !in IntegerDatatypes || amount.type !in IntegerDatatypes)
             throw ExpressionError("cannot compute $left << $amount", left.position)
-        val result = left.asIntegerValue.shl(amount.asIntegerValue)
-        return LiteralValue.fromNumber(result, left.type, left.position)
+        val result = left.number.toInt().shl(amount.number.toInt())
+        return NumericLiteralValue(left.type, result, left.position)
     }
 
-    private fun logicalxor(left: LiteralValue, right: LiteralValue): LiteralValue {
+    private fun logicalxor(left: NumericLiteralValue, right: NumericLiteralValue): NumericLiteralValue {
         val error = "cannot compute $left locical-bitxor $right"
-        return when {
-            left.asIntegerValue!=null -> when {
-                right.asIntegerValue!=null -> LiteralValue.fromBoolean((left.asIntegerValue != 0) xor (right.asIntegerValue != 0), left.position)
-                right.floatvalue!=null -> LiteralValue.fromBoolean((left.asIntegerValue != 0) xor (right.floatvalue != 0.0), left.position)
+        return when (left.type) {
+            in IntegerDatatypes -> when (right.type) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean((left.number.toInt() != 0) xor (right.number.toInt() != 0), left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean((left.number.toInt() != 0) xor (right.number.toDouble() != 0.0), left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
-            left.floatvalue!=null -> when {
-                right.asIntegerValue!=null -> LiteralValue.fromBoolean((left.floatvalue != 0.0) xor (right.asIntegerValue != 0), left.position)
-                right.floatvalue!=null -> LiteralValue.fromBoolean((left.floatvalue != 0.0) xor (right.floatvalue != 0.0), left.position)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> when (right.type) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean((left.number.toDouble() != 0.0) xor (right.number.toInt() != 0), left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean((left.number.toDouble() != 0.0) xor (right.number.toDouble() != 0.0), left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
         }
     }
 
-    private fun logicalor(left: LiteralValue, right: LiteralValue): LiteralValue {
+    private fun logicalor(left: NumericLiteralValue, right: NumericLiteralValue): NumericLiteralValue {
         val error = "cannot compute $left locical-or $right"
-        return when {
-            left.asIntegerValue!=null -> when {
-                right.asIntegerValue!=null -> LiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.asIntegerValue != 0 || right.asIntegerValue != 0, left.position)
-                right.floatvalue!=null -> LiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.asIntegerValue != 0 || right.floatvalue != 0.0, left.position)
+        return when (left.type) {
+            in IntegerDatatypes -> when (right.type) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number.toInt() != 0 || right.number.toInt() != 0, left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number.toInt() != 0 || right.number.toDouble() != 0.0, left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
-            left.floatvalue!=null -> when {
-                right.asIntegerValue!=null -> LiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.floatvalue != 0.0 || right.asIntegerValue != 0, left.position)
-                right.floatvalue!=null -> LiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.floatvalue != 0.0 || right.floatvalue != 0.0, left.position)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> when (right.type) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number.toDouble() != 0.0 || right.number.toInt() != 0, left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number.toDouble() != 0.0 || right.number.toDouble() != 0.0, left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
         }
     }
 
-    private fun logicaland(left: LiteralValue, right: LiteralValue): LiteralValue {
+    private fun logicaland(left: NumericLiteralValue, right: NumericLiteralValue): NumericLiteralValue {
         val error = "cannot compute $left locical-and $right"
-        return when {
-            left.asIntegerValue!=null -> when {
-                right.asIntegerValue!=null -> LiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.asIntegerValue != 0 && right.asIntegerValue != 0, left.position)
-                right.floatvalue!=null -> LiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.asIntegerValue != 0 && right.floatvalue != 0.0, left.position)
+        return when (left.type) {
+            in IntegerDatatypes -> when (right.type) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number.toInt() != 0 && right.number.toInt() != 0, left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number.toInt() != 0 && right.number.toDouble() != 0.0, left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
-            left.floatvalue!=null -> when {
-                right.asIntegerValue!=null -> LiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.floatvalue != 0.0 && right.asIntegerValue != 0, left.position)
-                right.floatvalue!=null -> LiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.floatvalue != 0.0 && right.floatvalue != 0.0, left.position)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> when (right.type) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number.toDouble() != 0.0 && right.number.toInt() != 0, left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number.toDouble() != 0.0 && right.number.toDouble() != 0.0, left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
         }
     }
 
-    private fun bitwisexor(left: LiteralValue, right: LiteralValue): LiteralValue {
+    private fun bitwisexor(left: NumericLiteralValue, right: NumericLiteralValue): NumericLiteralValue {
         if(left.type== DataType.UBYTE) {
-            if(right.asIntegerValue!=null) {
-                return LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, bytevalue = (left.bytevalue!!.toInt() xor (right.asIntegerValue and 255)).toShort(), position = left.position)
+            if(right.type in IntegerDatatypes) {
+                return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, (left.number.toInt() xor (right.number.toInt() and 255)).toShort(), left.position)
             }
         } else if(left.type== DataType.UWORD) {
-            if(right.asIntegerValue!=null) {
-                return LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = left.wordvalue!! xor right.asIntegerValue, position = left.position)
+            if(right.type in IntegerDatatypes) {
+                return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, left.number.toInt() xor right.number.toInt(), left.position)
             }
         }
         throw ExpressionError("cannot calculate $left ^ $right", left.position)
     }
 
-    private fun bitwiseor(left: LiteralValue, right: LiteralValue): LiteralValue {
+    private fun bitwiseor(left: NumericLiteralValue, right: NumericLiteralValue): NumericLiteralValue {
         if(left.type== DataType.UBYTE) {
-            if(right.asIntegerValue!=null) {
-                return LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, bytevalue = (left.bytevalue!!.toInt() or (right.asIntegerValue and 255)).toShort(), position = left.position)
+            if(right.type in IntegerDatatypes) {
+                return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, (left.number.toInt() or (right.number.toInt() and 255)).toShort(), left.position)
             }
         } else if(left.type== DataType.UWORD) {
-            if(right.asIntegerValue!=null) {
-                return LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = left.wordvalue!! or right.asIntegerValue, position = left.position)
+            if(right.type in IntegerDatatypes) {
+                return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, left.number.toInt() or right.number.toInt(), left.position)
             }
         }
         throw ExpressionError("cannot calculate $left | $right", left.position)
     }
 
-    private fun bitwiseand(left: LiteralValue, right: LiteralValue): LiteralValue {
+    private fun bitwiseand(left: NumericLiteralValue, right: NumericLiteralValue): NumericLiteralValue {
         if(left.type== DataType.UBYTE) {
-            if(right.asIntegerValue!=null) {
-                return LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, bytevalue = (left.bytevalue!!.toInt() or (right.asIntegerValue and 255)).toShort(), position = left.position)
+            if(right.type in IntegerDatatypes) {
+                return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, (left.number.toInt() or (right.number.toInt() and 255)).toShort(), left.position)
             }
         } else if(left.type== DataType.UWORD) {
-            if(right.asIntegerValue!=null) {
-                return LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = left.wordvalue!! or right.asIntegerValue, position = left.position)
+            if(right.type in IntegerDatatypes) {
+                return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, left.number.toInt() or right.number.toInt(), left.position)
             }
         }
         throw ExpressionError("cannot calculate $left & $right", left.position)
     }
 
-    private fun power(left: LiteralValue, right: LiteralValue): LiteralValue {
+    private fun power(left: NumericLiteralValue, right: NumericLiteralValue): NumericLiteralValue {
         val error = "cannot calculate $left ** $right"
-        return when {
-            left.asIntegerValue!=null -> when {
-                right.asIntegerValue!=null -> LiteralValue.optimalNumeric(left.asIntegerValue.toDouble().pow(right.asIntegerValue), left.position)
-                right.floatvalue!=null -> LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = left.asIntegerValue.toDouble().pow(right.floatvalue), position = left.position)
+        return when (left.type) {
+            in IntegerDatatypes -> when (right.type) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.optimalNumeric(left.number.toInt().toDouble().pow(right.number.toInt()), left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toInt().toDouble().pow(right.number.toDouble()), left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
-            left.floatvalue!=null -> when {
-                right.asIntegerValue!=null -> LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = left.floatvalue.pow(right.asIntegerValue), position = left.position)
-                right.floatvalue!=null -> LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = left.floatvalue.pow(right.floatvalue), position = left.position)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> when (right.type) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble().pow(right.number.toInt()), left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble().pow(right.number.toDouble()), left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
         }
     }
 
-    private fun plus(left: LiteralValue, right: LiteralValue): LiteralValue {
+    private fun plus(left: NumericLiteralValue, right: NumericLiteralValue): NumericLiteralValue {
         val error = "cannot add $left and $right"
-        return when {
-            left.asIntegerValue!=null -> when {
-                right.asIntegerValue!=null -> LiteralValue.optimalNumeric(left.asIntegerValue + right.asIntegerValue, left.position)
-                right.floatvalue!=null -> LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = left.asIntegerValue + right.floatvalue, position = left.position)
+        return when (left.type) {
+            in IntegerDatatypes -> when (right.type) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.optimalNumeric(left.number.toInt() + right.number.toInt(), left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toInt() + right.number.toDouble(), left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
-            left.floatvalue!=null -> when {
-                right.asIntegerValue!=null -> LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = left.floatvalue + right.asIntegerValue, position = left.position)
-                right.floatvalue!=null -> LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = left.floatvalue + right.floatvalue, position = left.position)
-                else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
-            }
-            left.isString -> when {
-                right.isString -> {
-                    val newStr = left.strvalue!! + right.strvalue!!
-                    if(newStr.length > 255) throw ExpressionError("string too long", left.position)
-                    LiteralValue(DataType.STR, strvalue = newStr, position = left.position)
-                }
+            DataType.FLOAT -> when (right.type) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble() + right.number.toInt(), left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble() + right.number.toDouble(), left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
         }
     }
 
-    private fun minus(left: LiteralValue, right: LiteralValue): LiteralValue {
+    private fun minus(left: NumericLiteralValue, right: NumericLiteralValue): NumericLiteralValue {
         val error = "cannot subtract $left and $right"
-        return when {
-            left.asIntegerValue!=null -> when {
-                right.asIntegerValue!=null -> LiteralValue.optimalNumeric(left.asIntegerValue - right.asIntegerValue, left.position)
-                right.floatvalue!=null -> LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = left.asIntegerValue - right.floatvalue, position = left.position)
+        return when (left.type) {
+            in IntegerDatatypes -> when (right.type) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.optimalNumeric(left.number.toInt() - right.number.toInt(), left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toInt() - right.number.toDouble(), left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
-            left.floatvalue!=null -> when {
-                right.asIntegerValue!=null -> LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = left.floatvalue - right.asIntegerValue, position = left.position)
-                right.floatvalue!=null -> LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = left.floatvalue - right.floatvalue, position = left.position)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> when (right.type) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble() - right.number.toInt(), left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble() - right.number.toDouble(), left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
         }
     }
 
-    private fun multiply(left: LiteralValue, right: LiteralValue): LiteralValue {
+    private fun multiply(left: NumericLiteralValue, right: NumericLiteralValue): NumericLiteralValue {
         val error = "cannot multiply ${left.type} and ${right.type}"
-        return when {
-            left.asIntegerValue!=null -> when {
-                right.asIntegerValue!=null -> LiteralValue.optimalNumeric(left.asIntegerValue * right.asIntegerValue, left.position)
-                right.floatvalue!=null -> LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = left.asIntegerValue * right.floatvalue, position = left.position)
-                right.isString -> {
-                    if(right.strvalue!!.length * left.asIntegerValue > 255) throw ExpressionError("string too long", left.position)
-                    LiteralValue(DataType.STR, strvalue = right.strvalue.repeat(left.asIntegerValue), position = left.position)
-                }
+        return when (left.type) {
+            in IntegerDatatypes -> when (right.type) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.optimalNumeric(left.number.toInt() * right.number.toInt(), left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toInt() * right.number.toDouble(), left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
-            left.floatvalue!=null -> when {
-                right.asIntegerValue!=null -> LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = left.floatvalue * right.asIntegerValue, position = left.position)
-                right.floatvalue!=null -> LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = left.floatvalue * right.floatvalue, position = left.position)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> when (right.type) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble() * right.number.toInt(), left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble() * right.number.toDouble(), left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
@@ -228,29 +213,29 @@ class ConstExprEvaluator {
     private fun divideByZeroError(pos: Position): Unit =
             throw ExpressionError("division by zero", pos)
 
-    private fun divide(left: LiteralValue, right: LiteralValue): LiteralValue {
+    private fun divide(left: NumericLiteralValue, right: NumericLiteralValue): NumericLiteralValue {
         val error = "cannot divide $left by $right"
-        return when {
-            left.asIntegerValue!=null -> when {
-                right.asIntegerValue!=null -> {
-                    if(right.asIntegerValue==0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
-                    val result: Int = left.asIntegerValue / right.asIntegerValue
-                    LiteralValue.optimalNumeric(result, left.position)
+        return when (left.type) {
+            in IntegerDatatypes -> when (right.type) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> {
+                    if(right.number.toInt()==0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
+                    val result: Int = left.number.toInt() / right.number.toInt()
+                    NumericLiteralValue.optimalNumeric(result, left.position)
                 }
-                right.floatvalue!=null -> {
-                    if(right.floatvalue==0.0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
-                    LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = left.asIntegerValue / right.floatvalue, position = left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                    if(right.number.toDouble()==0.0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
+                    NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toInt() / right.number.toDouble(), left.position)
                 }
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
-            left.floatvalue!=null -> when {
-                right.asIntegerValue!=null -> {
-                    if(right.asIntegerValue==0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
-                    LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = left.floatvalue / right.asIntegerValue, position = left.position)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> when (right.type) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> {
+                    if(right.number.toInt()==0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
+                    NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble() / right.number.toInt(), left.position)
                 }
-                right.floatvalue!=null -> {
-                    if(right.floatvalue==0.0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
-                    LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = left.floatvalue / right.floatvalue, position = left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                    if(right.number.toDouble()==0.0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
+                    NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble() / right.number.toDouble(), left.position)
                 }
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
@@ -258,28 +243,28 @@ class ConstExprEvaluator {
         }
     }
 
-    private fun remainder(left: LiteralValue, right: LiteralValue): LiteralValue {
+    private fun remainder(left: NumericLiteralValue, right: NumericLiteralValue): NumericLiteralValue {
         val error = "cannot compute remainder of $left by $right"
-        return when {
-            left.asIntegerValue!=null -> when {
-                right.asIntegerValue!=null -> {
-                    if(right.asIntegerValue==0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
-                    LiteralValue.optimalNumeric(left.asIntegerValue.toDouble() % right.asIntegerValue.toDouble(), left.position)
+        return when (left.type) {
+            in IntegerDatatypes -> when (right.type) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> {
+                    if(right.number.toInt()==0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
+                    NumericLiteralValue.optimalNumeric(left.number.toInt().toDouble() % right.number.toInt().toDouble(), left.position)
                 }
-                right.floatvalue!=null -> {
-                    if(right.floatvalue==0.0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
-                    LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = left.asIntegerValue % right.floatvalue, position = left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                    if(right.number.toDouble()==0.0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
+                    NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toInt() % right.number.toDouble(), left.position)
                 }
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
-            left.floatvalue!=null -> when {
-                right.asIntegerValue!=null -> {
-                    if(right.asIntegerValue==0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
-                    LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = left.floatvalue % right.asIntegerValue, position = left.position)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> when (right.type) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> {
+                    if(right.number.toInt()==0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
+                    NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble() % right.number.toInt(), left.position)
                 }
-                right.floatvalue!=null -> {
-                    if(right.floatvalue==0.0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
-                    LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = left.floatvalue % right.floatvalue, position = left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                    if(right.number.toDouble()==0.0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
+                    NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble() % right.number.toDouble(), left.position)
                 }
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }

compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/ConstantFolding.kt

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 package prog8.optimizer
 
-import prog8.ast.*
+import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
+import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.processing.IAstModifyingVisitor
+import prog8.ast.processing.fixupArrayEltDatatypesFromVardecl
+import prog8.ast.processing.fixupArrayEltDatatypes
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
-import prog8.compiler.HeapValues
-import prog8.compiler.IntegerOrAddressOf
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.MachineDefinition.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.MachineDefinition.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE
+import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
+import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
 import kotlin.math.floor
 
 
 class ConstantFolding(private val program: Program) : IAstModifyingVisitor {
     var optimizationsDone: Int = 0
     var errors : MutableList<AstException> = mutableListOf()
-
     private val reportedErrorMessages = mutableSetOf<String>()
 
     fun addError(x: AstException) {
@@ -26,30 +26,27 @@ class ConstantFolding(private val program: Program) : IAstModifyingVisitor {
         }
     }
 
-    override fun visit(decl: VarDecl): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(decl: VarDecl): Statement {
         // the initializer value can't refer to the variable itself (recursive definition)
+        // TODO: use call tree for this?
         if(decl.value?.referencesIdentifiers(decl.name) == true || decl.arraysize?.index?.referencesIdentifiers(decl.name) == true) {
             errors.add(ExpressionError("recursive var declaration", decl.position))
             return decl
         }
 
         if(decl.type==VarDeclType.CONST || decl.type==VarDeclType.VAR) {
-            val litval = decl.value as? LiteralValue
-            if(litval!=null && litval.isArray && litval.heapId!=null)
-                fixupArrayTypeOnHeap(decl, litval)
-
             if(decl.isArray){
-                // for arrays that have no size specifier (or a non-constant one) attempt to deduce the size
                 if(decl.arraysize==null) {
-                    val arrayval = (decl.value as? LiteralValue)?.arrayvalue
+                    // for arrays that have no size specifier (or a non-constant one) attempt to deduce the size
+                    val arrayval = decl.value as? ArrayLiteralValue
                     if(arrayval!=null) {
-                        decl.arraysize = ArrayIndex(LiteralValue.optimalInteger(arrayval.size, decl.position), decl.position)
+                        decl.arraysize = ArrayIndex(NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(arrayval.value.size, decl.position), decl.position)
                         optimizationsDone++
                     }
                 }
                 else if(decl.arraysize?.size()==null) {
                     val size = decl.arraysize!!.index.accept(this)
-                    if(size is LiteralValue) {
+                    if(size is NumericLiteralValue) {
                         decl.arraysize = ArrayIndex(size, decl.position)
                         optimizationsDone++
                     }
@@ -59,92 +56,98 @@ class ConstantFolding(private val program: Program) : IAstModifyingVisitor {
             when(decl.datatype) {
                 DataType.FLOAT -> {
                     // vardecl: for scalar float vars, promote constant integer initialization values to floats
+                    val litval = decl.value as? NumericLiteralValue
                     if (litval!=null && litval.type in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                        val newValue = LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = litval.asNumericValue!!.toDouble(), position = litval.position)
+                        val newValue = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, litval.number.toDouble(), litval.position)
                         decl.value = newValue
                         optimizationsDone++
-                        return decl
+                        return super.visit(decl)
                     }
                 }
                 DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W -> {
+                    val numericLv = decl.value as? NumericLiteralValue
                     val rangeExpr = decl.value as? RangeExpr
                     if(rangeExpr!=null) {
-                        // convert the initializer range expression to an actual array (will be put on heap later)
+                        // convert the initializer range expression to an actual array
                         val declArraySize = decl.arraysize?.size()
                         if(declArraySize!=null && declArraySize!=rangeExpr.size())
                             errors.add(ExpressionError("range expression size doesn't match declared array size", decl.value?.position!!))
                         val constRange = rangeExpr.toConstantIntegerRange()
                         if(constRange!=null) {
-                            val eltType = rangeExpr.inferType(program)!!
+                            val eltType = rangeExpr.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.UBYTE)
                             if(eltType in ByteDatatypes) {
-                                decl.value = LiteralValue(decl.datatype,
-                                        arrayvalue = constRange.map { LiteralValue(eltType, bytevalue = it.toShort(), position = decl.value!!.position) }
-                                                .toTypedArray(), position = decl.value!!.position)
+                                decl.value = ArrayLiteralValue(decl.datatype,
+                                        constRange.map { NumericLiteralValue(eltType, it.toShort(), decl.value!!.position) }.toTypedArray(),
+                                        position = decl.value!!.position)
                             } else {
-                                decl.value = LiteralValue(decl.datatype,
-                                        arrayvalue = constRange.map { LiteralValue(eltType, wordvalue = it, position = decl.value!!.position) }
-                                                .toTypedArray(), position = decl.value!!.position)
+                                decl.value = ArrayLiteralValue(decl.datatype,
+                                        constRange.map { NumericLiteralValue(eltType, it, decl.value!!.position) }.toTypedArray(),
+                                        position = decl.value!!.position)
                             }
                             decl.value!!.linkParents(decl)
                             optimizationsDone++
-                            return decl
+                            return super.visit(decl)
                         }
                     }
-                    if(litval?.type== DataType.FLOAT)
-                        errors.add(ExpressionError("arraysize requires only integers here", litval.position))
+                    if(numericLv!=null && numericLv.type== DataType.FLOAT)
+                        errors.add(ExpressionError("arraysize requires only integers here", numericLv.position))
                     val size = decl.arraysize?.size() ?: return decl
-                    if ((litval==null || !litval.isArray) && rangeExpr==null) {
+                    if (rangeExpr==null && numericLv!=null) {
                         // arraysize initializer is empty or a single int, and we know the size; create the arraysize.
-                        val fillvalue = if (litval == null) 0 else litval.asIntegerValue ?: 0
+                        val fillvalue = numericLv.number.toInt()
                         when(decl.datatype){
                             DataType.ARRAY_UB -> {
                                 if(fillvalue !in 0..255)
-                                    errors.add(ExpressionError("ubyte value overflow", litval?.position
-                                            ?: decl.position))
+                                    errors.add(ExpressionError("ubyte value overflow", numericLv.position))
                             }
                             DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
                                 if(fillvalue !in -128..127)
-                                    errors.add(ExpressionError("byte value overflow", litval?.position
-                                            ?: decl.position))
+                                    errors.add(ExpressionError("byte value overflow", numericLv.position))
                             }
                             DataType.ARRAY_UW -> {
                                 if(fillvalue !in 0..65535)
-                                    errors.add(ExpressionError("uword value overflow", litval?.position
-                                            ?: decl.position))
+                                    errors.add(ExpressionError("uword value overflow", numericLv.position))
                             }
                             DataType.ARRAY_W -> {
                                 if(fillvalue !in -32768..32767)
-                                    errors.add(ExpressionError("word value overflow", litval?.position
-                                            ?: decl.position))
+                                    errors.add(ExpressionError("word value overflow", numericLv.position))
                             }
                             else -> {}
                         }
-                        val heapId = program.heap.addIntegerArray(decl.datatype, Array(size) { IntegerOrAddressOf(fillvalue, null) })
-                        decl.value = LiteralValue(decl.datatype, initHeapId = heapId, position = litval?.position
-                                ?: decl.position)
+                        // create the array itself, filled with the fillvalue.
+                        val array = Array(size) {fillvalue}.map { NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(it, numericLv.position) as Expression}.toTypedArray()
+                        val refValue = ArrayLiteralValue(decl.datatype, array, position = numericLv.position)
+                        decl.value = refValue
+                        refValue.parent=decl
                         optimizationsDone++
-                        return decl
+                        return super.visit(decl)
                     }
                 }
                 DataType.ARRAY_F  -> {
                     val size = decl.arraysize?.size() ?: return decl
-                    if (litval==null || !litval.isArray) {
-                        // arraysize initializer is empty or a single int, and we know the size; create the arraysize.
-                        val fillvalue = if (litval == null) 0.0 else litval.asNumericValue?.toDouble() ?: 0.0
-                        if(fillvalue< FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE || fillvalue> FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE)
-                            errors.add(ExpressionError("float value overflow", litval?.position
-                                    ?: decl.position))
+                    val litval = decl.value as? NumericLiteralValue
+                    if(litval==null) {
+                        // there's no initialization value, but the size is known, so we're ok.
+                        return super.visit(decl)
+                    } else {
+                        // arraysize initializer is a single int, and we know the size.
+                        val fillvalue = litval.number.toDouble()
+                        if (fillvalue < CompilationTarget.machine.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE || fillvalue > CompilationTarget.machine.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE)
+                            errors.add(ExpressionError("float value overflow", litval.position))
                         else {
-                            val heapId = program.heap.addDoublesArray(DoubleArray(size) { fillvalue })
-                            decl.value = LiteralValue(DataType.ARRAY_F, initHeapId = heapId, position = litval?.position
-                                    ?: decl.position)
+                            // create the array itself, filled with the fillvalue.
+                            val array = Array(size) {fillvalue}.map { NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, it, litval.position) as Expression}.toTypedArray()
+                            val refValue = ArrayLiteralValue(DataType.ARRAY_F, array, position = litval.position)
+                            decl.value = refValue
+                            refValue.parent=decl
                             optimizationsDone++
-                            return decl
+                            return super.visit(decl)
                         }
                     }
                 }
                 else -> {
                     // nothing to do for this type
+                    // this includes strings and structs
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -152,58 +155,40 @@ class ConstantFolding(private val program: Program) : IAstModifyingVisitor {
         return super.visit(decl)
     }
 
-    private fun fixupArrayTypeOnHeap(decl: VarDecl, litval: LiteralValue) {
-        // fix the type of the array value that's on the heap, to match the vardecl.
-        // notice that checking the bounds of the actual values is not done here, but in the AstChecker later.
-
-        if(decl.datatype==litval.type)
-            return   // already correct datatype
-        val heapId = litval.heapId ?: throw FatalAstException("expected array to be on heap $litval")
-        val array = program.heap.get(heapId)
-        when(decl.datatype) {
-            DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W -> {
-                if(array.array!=null) {
-                    program.heap.update(heapId, HeapValues.HeapValue(decl.datatype, null, array.array, null))
-                    decl.value = LiteralValue(decl.datatype, initHeapId = heapId, position = litval.position)
-                }
-            }
-            DataType.ARRAY_F -> {
-                if(array.array!=null) {
-                    // convert a non-float array to floats
-                    val doubleArray = array.array.map { it.integer!!.toDouble() }.toDoubleArray()
-                    program.heap.update(heapId, HeapValues.HeapValue(DataType.ARRAY_F, null, null, doubleArray))
-                    decl.value = LiteralValue(decl.datatype, initHeapId = heapId, position = litval.position)
-                }
-            }
-            DataType.STRUCT -> {
-                // leave it alone for structs.
-            }
-            else -> throw FatalAstException("invalid array vardecl type ${decl.datatype}")
-        }
-    }
-
     /**
      * replace identifiers that refer to const value, with the value itself (if it's a simple type)
      */
-    override fun visit(identifier: IdentifierReference): IExpression {
+    override fun visit(identifier: IdentifierReference): Expression {
+        // don't replace when it's an assignment target or loop variable
+        if(identifier.parent is AssignTarget)
+            return identifier
+        var forloop = identifier.parent as? ForLoop
+        if(forloop==null)
+            forloop = identifier.parent.parent as? ForLoop
+        if(forloop!=null && identifier===forloop.loopVar)
+            return identifier
+
         return try {
             val cval = identifier.constValue(program) ?: return identifier
-            return if(cval.isNumeric) {
-                val copy = LiteralValue(cval.type, cval.bytevalue, cval.wordvalue, cval.floatvalue, null, cval.arrayvalue, position = identifier.position)
+            return when (cval.type) {
+                in NumericDatatypes -> {
+                    val copy = NumericLiteralValue(cval.type, cval.number, identifier.position)
                     copy.parent = identifier.parent
                     copy
-            } else
-                identifier
+                }
+                in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> throw FatalAstException("pass-by-reference type should not be considered a constant")
+                else -> identifier
+            }
         } catch (ax: AstException) {
             addError(ax)
             identifier
         }
     }
 
-    override fun visit(functionCall: FunctionCall): IExpression {
-        return try {
+    override fun visit(functionCall: FunctionCall): Expression {
         super.visit(functionCall)
         typeCastConstArguments(functionCall)
+        return try {
             functionCall.constValue(program) ?: functionCall
         } catch (ax: AstException) {
             addError(ax)
@@ -211,31 +196,46 @@ class ConstantFolding(private val program: Program) : IAstModifyingVisitor {
         }
     }
 
-    override fun visit(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement): Statement {
         super.visit(functionCallStatement)
         typeCastConstArguments(functionCallStatement)
         return functionCallStatement
     }
 
     private fun typeCastConstArguments(functionCall: IFunctionCall) {
+        if(functionCall.target.nameInSource.size==1) {
+            val builtinFunction = BuiltinFunctions[functionCall.target.nameInSource.single()]
+            if(builtinFunction!=null) {
+                // match the arguments of a builtin function signature.
+                for(arg in functionCall.args.withIndex().zip(builtinFunction.parameters)) {
+                    val possibleDts = arg.second.possibleDatatypes
+                    val argConst = arg.first.value.constValue(program)
+                    if(argConst!=null && argConst.type !in possibleDts) {
+                        val convertedValue = argConst.cast(possibleDts.first())
+                        functionCall.args[arg.first.index] = convertedValue
+                        optimizationsDone++
+                    }
+                }
+                return
+            }
+        }
+        // match the arguments of a subroutine.
         val subroutine = functionCall.target.targetSubroutine(program.namespace)
         if(subroutine!=null) {
             // if types differ, try to typecast constant arguments to the function call to the desired data type of the parameter
-            for(arg in functionCall.arglist.withIndex().zip(subroutine.parameters)) {
+            for(arg in functionCall.args.withIndex().zip(subroutine.parameters)) {
                 val expectedDt = arg.second.type
                 val argConst = arg.first.value.constValue(program)
                 if(argConst!=null && argConst.type!=expectedDt) {
                     val convertedValue = argConst.cast(expectedDt)
-                    if(convertedValue!=null) {
-                        functionCall.arglist[arg.first.index] = convertedValue
+                    functionCall.args[arg.first.index] = convertedValue
                     optimizationsDone++
                 }
             }
         }
     }
-    }
 
-    override fun visit(memread: DirectMemoryRead): IExpression {
+    override fun visit(memread: DirectMemoryRead): Expression {
         // @( &thing )  -->  thing
         val addrOf = memread.addressExpression as? AddressOf
         if(addrOf!=null)
@@ -248,48 +248,43 @@ class ConstantFolding(private val program: Program) : IAstModifyingVisitor {
      * Compile-time constant sub expressions will be evaluated on the spot.
      * For instance, the expression for "- 4.5" will be optimized into the float literal -4.5
      */
-    override fun visit(expr: PrefixExpression): IExpression {
+    override fun visit(expr: PrefixExpression): Expression {
         return try {
-            super.visit(expr)
+            val prefixExpr=super.visit(expr)
+            if(prefixExpr !is PrefixExpression)
+                return prefixExpr
 
-            val subexpr = expr.expression
-            if (subexpr is LiteralValue) {
+            val subexpr = prefixExpr.expression
+            if (subexpr is NumericLiteralValue) {
                 // accept prefixed literal values (such as -3, not true)
-                return when {
-                    expr.operator == "+" -> subexpr
-                    expr.operator == "-" -> when {
-                        subexpr.asIntegerValue!= null -> {
+                return when (prefixExpr.operator) {
+                    "+" -> subexpr
+                    "-" -> when (subexpr.type) {
+                        in IntegerDatatypes -> {
                             optimizationsDone++
-                            LiteralValue.optimalNumeric(-subexpr.asIntegerValue, subexpr.position)
+                            NumericLiteralValue.optimalNumeric(-subexpr.number.toInt(), subexpr.position)
                         }
-                        subexpr.floatvalue != null -> {
+                        DataType.FLOAT -> {
                             optimizationsDone++
-                            LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = -subexpr.floatvalue, position = subexpr.position)
+                            NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, -subexpr.number.toDouble(), subexpr.position)
                         }
                         else -> throw ExpressionError("can only take negative of int or float", subexpr.position)
                     }
-                    expr.operator == "~" -> when {
-                        subexpr.asIntegerValue != null -> {
+                    "~" -> when (subexpr.type) {
+                        in IntegerDatatypes -> {
                             optimizationsDone++
-                            LiteralValue.optimalNumeric(subexpr.asIntegerValue.inv(), subexpr.position)
+                            NumericLiteralValue.optimalNumeric(subexpr.number.toInt().inv(), subexpr.position)
                         }
                         else -> throw ExpressionError("can only take bitwise inversion of int", subexpr.position)
                     }
-                    expr.operator == "not" -> when {
-                        subexpr.asIntegerValue != null -> {
+                    "not" -> {
                         optimizationsDone++
-                            LiteralValue.fromBoolean(subexpr.asIntegerValue == 0, subexpr.position)
+                        NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(subexpr.number.toDouble() == 0.0, subexpr.position)
                     }
-                        subexpr.floatvalue != null -> {
-                            optimizationsDone++
-                            LiteralValue.fromBoolean(subexpr.floatvalue == 0.0, subexpr.position)
-                        }
-                        else -> throw ExpressionError("can not take logical not of $subexpr", subexpr.position)
-                    }
-                    else -> throw ExpressionError(expr.operator, subexpr.position)
+                    else -> throw ExpressionError(prefixExpr.operator, subexpr.position)
                 }
             }
-            return expr
+            return prefixExpr
         } catch (ax: AstException) {
             addError(ax)
             expr
@@ -313,9 +308,14 @@ class ConstantFolding(private val program: Program) : IAstModifyingVisitor {
      *        (X / c1) * c2  ->  X / (c2/c1)
      *        (X + c1) - c2  ->  X + (c1-c2)
      */
-    override fun visit(expr: BinaryExpression): IExpression {
+    override fun visit(expr: BinaryExpression): Expression {
         return try {
             super.visit(expr)
+
+            if(expr.left is StringLiteralValue || expr.left is ArrayLiteralValue
+                    || expr.right is StringLiteralValue || expr.right is ArrayLiteralValue)
+                throw FatalAstException("binexpr with reference litval instead of numeric")
+
             val leftconst = expr.left.constValue(program)
             val rightconst = expr.right.constValue(program)
 
@@ -336,12 +336,13 @@ class ConstantFolding(private val program: Program) : IAstModifyingVisitor {
             }
 
             // const fold when both operands are a const
-            val evaluator = ConstExprEvaluator()
             return when {
                 leftconst != null && rightconst != null -> {
                     optimizationsDone++
+                    val evaluator = ConstExprEvaluator()
                     evaluator.evaluate(leftconst, expr.operator, rightconst)
                 }
+
                 else -> expr
             }
         } catch (ax: AstException) {
@@ -355,9 +356,9 @@ class ConstantFolding(private val program: Program) : IAstModifyingVisitor {
                                        leftIsConst: Boolean,
                                        rightIsConst: Boolean,
                                        subleftIsConst: Boolean,
-                                       subrightIsConst: Boolean): IExpression
+                                       subrightIsConst: Boolean): Expression
     {
-        // @todo this implements only a small set of possible reorderings for now
+        // todo: this implements only a small set of possible reorderings at this time
         if(expr.operator==subExpr.operator) {
             // both operators are the isSameAs.
             // If + or *,  we can simply swap the const of expr and Var in subexpr.
@@ -542,177 +543,166 @@ class ConstantFolding(private val program: Program) : IAstModifyingVisitor {
         }
     }
 
-    override fun visit(forLoop: ForLoop): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(forLoop: ForLoop): Statement {
 
-        fun adjustRangeDt(rangeFrom: LiteralValue, targetDt: DataType, rangeTo: LiteralValue, stepLiteral: LiteralValue?, range: RangeExpr): RangeExpr {
-            val newFrom = rangeFrom.cast(targetDt)
-            val newTo = rangeTo.cast(targetDt)
-            if (newFrom != null && newTo != null) {
-                val newStep: IExpression =
-                        if (stepLiteral != null) (stepLiteral.cast(targetDt) ?: stepLiteral) else range.step
+        fun adjustRangeDt(rangeFrom: NumericLiteralValue, targetDt: DataType, rangeTo: NumericLiteralValue, stepLiteral: NumericLiteralValue?, range: RangeExpr): RangeExpr {
+            val newFrom: NumericLiteralValue
+            val newTo: NumericLiteralValue
+            try {
+                newFrom = rangeFrom.cast(targetDt)
+                newTo = rangeTo.cast(targetDt)
+            } catch (x: ExpressionError) {
+                return range
+            }
+            val newStep: Expression = try {
+                stepLiteral?.cast(targetDt)?: range.step
+            } catch(ee: ExpressionError) {
+                range.step
+            }
             return RangeExpr(newFrom, newTo, newStep, range.position)
         }
-            return range
+
+        val forLoop2 = super.visit(forLoop) as ForLoop
+
+        // check if we need to adjust an array literal to the loop variable's datatype
+        val array = forLoop2.iterable as? ArrayLiteralValue
+        if(array!=null) {
+            val loopvarDt: DataType = when {
+                forLoop.loopVar!=null -> forLoop.loopVar!!.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.UBYTE)
+                forLoop.loopRegister!=null -> DataType.UBYTE
+                else -> throw FatalAstException("weird for loop")
+            }
+
+            val arrayType = when(loopvarDt) {
+                DataType.UBYTE -> DataType.ARRAY_UB
+                DataType.BYTE -> DataType.ARRAY_B
+                DataType.UWORD -> DataType.ARRAY_UW
+                DataType.WORD -> DataType.ARRAY_W
+                DataType.FLOAT -> DataType.ARRAY_F
+                else -> throw FatalAstException("invalid array elt type")
+            }
+            val array2 = array.cast(arrayType)
+            if(array2!=null && array2!==array) {
+                forLoop2.iterable = array2
+                array2.linkParents(forLoop2)
+            }
         }
 
         // adjust the datatype of a range expression in for loops to the loop variable.
-        val resultStmt = super.visit(forLoop) as ForLoop
-        val iterableRange = resultStmt.iterable as? RangeExpr ?: return resultStmt
-        val rangeFrom = iterableRange.from as? LiteralValue
-        val rangeTo = iterableRange.to as? LiteralValue
-        if(rangeFrom==null || rangeTo==null) return resultStmt
+        val iterableRange = forLoop2.iterable as? RangeExpr ?: return forLoop2
+        val rangeFrom = iterableRange.from as? NumericLiteralValue
+        val rangeTo = iterableRange.to as? NumericLiteralValue
+        if(rangeFrom==null || rangeTo==null) return forLoop2
 
-        val loopvar = resultStmt.loopVar?.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
+        val loopvar = forLoop2.loopVar?.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
         if(loopvar!=null) {
-            val stepLiteral = iterableRange.step as? LiteralValue
+            val stepLiteral = iterableRange.step as? NumericLiteralValue
             when(loopvar.datatype) {
                 DataType.UBYTE -> {
                     if(rangeFrom.type!= DataType.UBYTE) {
                         // attempt to translate the iterable into ubyte values
-                        resultStmt.iterable = adjustRangeDt(rangeFrom, loopvar.datatype, rangeTo, stepLiteral, iterableRange)
+                        forLoop2.iterable = adjustRangeDt(rangeFrom, loopvar.datatype, rangeTo, stepLiteral, iterableRange)
                     }
                 }
                 DataType.BYTE -> {
                     if(rangeFrom.type!= DataType.BYTE) {
                         // attempt to translate the iterable into byte values
-                        resultStmt.iterable = adjustRangeDt(rangeFrom, loopvar.datatype, rangeTo, stepLiteral, iterableRange)
+                        forLoop2.iterable = adjustRangeDt(rangeFrom, loopvar.datatype, rangeTo, stepLiteral, iterableRange)
                     }
                 }
                 DataType.UWORD -> {
                     if(rangeFrom.type!= DataType.UWORD) {
                         // attempt to translate the iterable into uword values
-                        resultStmt.iterable = adjustRangeDt(rangeFrom, loopvar.datatype, rangeTo, stepLiteral, iterableRange)
+                        forLoop2.iterable = adjustRangeDt(rangeFrom, loopvar.datatype, rangeTo, stepLiteral, iterableRange)
                     }
                 }
                 DataType.WORD -> {
                     if(rangeFrom.type!= DataType.WORD) {
                         // attempt to translate the iterable into word values
-                        resultStmt.iterable = adjustRangeDt(rangeFrom, loopvar.datatype, rangeTo, stepLiteral, iterableRange)
+                        forLoop2.iterable = adjustRangeDt(rangeFrom, loopvar.datatype, rangeTo, stepLiteral, iterableRange)
                     }
                 }
                 else -> throw FatalAstException("invalid loopvar datatype $loopvar")
             }
         }
-        return resultStmt
+        return forLoop2
     }
 
-    override fun visit(literalValue: LiteralValue): LiteralValue {
-        val litval = super.visit(literalValue)
-        if(litval.isString) {
-            // intern the string; move it into the heap
-            if(litval.strvalue!!.length !in 1..255)
-                addError(ExpressionError("string literal length must be between 1 and 255", litval.position))
-            else {
-                litval.addToHeap(program.heap)  // TODO: we don't know the actual string type yet, STR != STR_S etc...
-            }
-        } else if(litval.arrayvalue!=null) {
-            // first, adjust the array datatype
-            val litval2 = adjustArrayValDatatype(litval)
-            litval2.addToHeap(program.heap)
-            return litval2
-        }
-        return litval
-    }
-
-    private fun adjustArrayValDatatype(litval: LiteralValue): LiteralValue {
-        val array = litval.arrayvalue!!
-        val typesInArray = array.mapNotNull { it.inferType(program) }.toSet()
-        val arrayDt =
-                when {
-                    array.any { it is AddressOf } -> DataType.ARRAY_UW
-                    DataType.FLOAT in typesInArray -> DataType.ARRAY_F
-                    DataType.WORD in typesInArray -> DataType.ARRAY_W
-                    else -> {
-                        val allElementsAreConstantOrAddressOf = array.fold(true) { c, expr-> c and (expr is LiteralValue || expr is AddressOf)}
-                        if(!allElementsAreConstantOrAddressOf) {
-                            addError(ExpressionError("array literal can only consist of constant primitive numerical values or memory pointers", litval.position))
-                            return litval
+    override fun visit(arrayLiteral: ArrayLiteralValue): Expression {
+        val array = super.visit(arrayLiteral)
+        if(array is ArrayLiteralValue) {
+            val vardecl = array.parent as? VarDecl
+            return if (vardecl!=null) {
+                fixupArrayEltDatatypesFromVardecl(array, vardecl)
             } else {
-                            val integerArray = array.map { it.constValue(program)!!.asIntegerValue!! }
-                            val maxValue = integerArray.max()!!
-                            val minValue = integerArray.min()!!
-                            if (minValue >= 0) {
-                                // unsigned
-                                if (maxValue <= 255)
-                                    DataType.ARRAY_UB
-                                else
-                                    DataType.ARRAY_UW
-                            } else {
-                                // signed
-                                if (maxValue <= 127)
-                                    DataType.ARRAY_B
-                                else
-                                    DataType.ARRAY_W
-                            }
+                // it's not an array associated with a vardecl, attempt to guess the data type from the array values
+                fixupArrayEltDatatypes(array, program)
             }
         }
+        return array
     }
 
-        if(arrayDt!=litval.type) {
-            return LiteralValue(arrayDt, arrayvalue = litval.arrayvalue, position = litval.position)
-        }
-        return litval
-    }
-
-    override fun visit(assignment: Assignment): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(assignment: Assignment): Statement {
         super.visit(assignment)
-        val lv = assignment.value as? LiteralValue
+        val lv = assignment.value as? NumericLiteralValue
         if(lv!=null) {
             // see if we can promote/convert a literal value to the required datatype
-            when(assignment.target.inferType(program, assignment)) {
+            val idt = assignment.target.inferType(program, assignment)
+            if(!idt.isKnown)
+                return assignment
+            when(idt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
                 DataType.UWORD -> {
                     // we can convert to UWORD: any UBYTE, BYTE/WORD that are >=0, FLOAT that's an integer 0..65535,
                     if(lv.type== DataType.UBYTE)
-                        assignment.value = LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = lv.asIntegerValue, position = lv.position)
-                    else if(lv.type== DataType.BYTE && lv.bytevalue!!>=0)
-                        assignment.value = LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = lv.asIntegerValue, position = lv.position)
-                    else if(lv.type== DataType.WORD && lv.wordvalue!!>=0)
-                        assignment.value = LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = lv.asIntegerValue, position = lv.position)
+                        assignment.value = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, lv.number.toInt(), lv.position)
+                    else if(lv.type== DataType.BYTE && lv.number.toInt()>=0)
+                        assignment.value = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, lv.number.toInt(), lv.position)
+                    else if(lv.type== DataType.WORD && lv.number.toInt()>=0)
+                        assignment.value = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, lv.number.toInt(), lv.position)
                     else if(lv.type== DataType.FLOAT) {
-                        val d = lv.floatvalue!!
+                        val d = lv.number.toDouble()
                         if(floor(d)==d && d>=0 && d<=65535)
-                            assignment.value = LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = floor(d).toInt(), position = lv.position)
+                            assignment.value = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, floor(d).toInt(), lv.position)
                     }
                 }
                 DataType.UBYTE -> {
                     // we can convert to UBYTE: UWORD <=255, BYTE >=0, FLOAT that's an integer 0..255,
-                    if(lv.type== DataType.UWORD && lv.wordvalue!! <= 255)
-                        assignment.value = LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, lv.wordvalue.toShort(), position = lv.position)
-                    else if(lv.type== DataType.BYTE && lv.bytevalue!! >=0)
-                        assignment.value = LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, lv.bytevalue.toShort(), position = lv.position)
+                    if(lv.type== DataType.UWORD && lv.number.toInt() <= 255)
+                        assignment.value = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, lv.number.toShort(), lv.position)
+                    else if(lv.type== DataType.BYTE && lv.number.toInt() >=0)
+                        assignment.value = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, lv.number.toShort(), lv.position)
                     else if(lv.type== DataType.FLOAT) {
-                        val d = lv.floatvalue!!
+                        val d = lv.number.toDouble()
                         if(floor(d)==d && d >=0 && d<=255)
-                            assignment.value = LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, floor(d).toShort(), position = lv.position)
+                            assignment.value = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, floor(d).toShort(), lv.position)
                     }
                 }
                 DataType.BYTE -> {
                     // we can convert to BYTE: UWORD/UBYTE <= 127, FLOAT that's an integer 0..127
-                    if(lv.type== DataType.UWORD && lv.wordvalue!! <= 127)
-                        assignment.value = LiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, lv.wordvalue.toShort(), position = lv.position)
-                    else if(lv.type== DataType.UBYTE && lv.bytevalue!! <= 127)
-                        assignment.value = LiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, lv.bytevalue, position = lv.position)
+                    if(lv.type== DataType.UWORD && lv.number.toInt() <= 127)
+                        assignment.value = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, lv.number.toShort(), lv.position)
+                    else if(lv.type== DataType.UBYTE && lv.number.toInt() <= 127)
+                        assignment.value = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, lv.number.toShort(), lv.position)
                     else if(lv.type== DataType.FLOAT) {
-                        val d = lv.floatvalue!!
+                        val d = lv.number.toDouble()
                         if(floor(d)==d && d>=0 && d<=127)
-                            assignment.value = LiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, floor(d).toShort(), position = lv.position)
+                            assignment.value = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, floor(d).toShort(), lv.position)
                     }
                 }
                 DataType.WORD -> {
                     // we can convert to WORD: any UBYTE/BYTE, UWORD <= 32767, FLOAT that's an integer -32768..32767,
                     if(lv.type== DataType.UBYTE || lv.type== DataType.BYTE)
-                        assignment.value = LiteralValue(DataType.WORD, wordvalue = lv.bytevalue!!.toInt(), position = lv.position)
-                    else if(lv.type== DataType.UWORD && lv.wordvalue!! <= 32767)
-                        assignment.value = LiteralValue(DataType.WORD, wordvalue = lv.wordvalue, position = lv.position)
+                        assignment.value = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.WORD, lv.number.toInt(), lv.position)
+                    else if(lv.type== DataType.UWORD && lv.number.toInt() <= 32767)
+                        assignment.value = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.WORD, lv.number.toInt(), lv.position)
                     else if(lv.type== DataType.FLOAT) {
-                        val d = lv.floatvalue!!
+                        val d = lv.number.toDouble()
                         if(floor(d)==d && d>=-32768 && d<=32767)
-                            assignment.value = LiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, floor(d).toShort(), position = lv.position)
+                            assignment.value = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, floor(d).toShort(), lv.position)
                     }
                 }
                 DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                    if(lv.isNumeric)
-                        assignment.value = LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = lv.asNumericValue?.toDouble(), position = lv.position)
+                    assignment.value = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, lv.number.toDouble(), lv.position)
                 }
                 else -> {}
             }

compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/Extensions.kt

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 package prog8.optimizer
 
-import prog8.ast.*
+import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.AstException
-import prog8.ast.statements.NopStatement
 import prog8.parser.ParsingFailedError
 
 
@@ -28,8 +27,8 @@ internal fun Program.constantFold() {
 }
 
 
-internal fun Program.optimizeStatements(optimizeInlining: Boolean): Int {
-    val optimizer = StatementOptimizer(this, optimizeInlining)
+internal fun Program.optimizeStatements(): Int {
+    val optimizer = StatementOptimizer(this)
     optimizer.visit(this)
     modules.forEach { it.linkParents(this.namespace) }   // re-link in final configuration
 

compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/SimplifyExpressions.kt

@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 package prog8.optimizer
 
-import prog8.ast.*
-import prog8.ast.base.AstException
-import prog8.ast.base.DataType
-import prog8.ast.base.IntegerDatatypes
-import prog8.ast.base.NumericDatatypes
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.processing.IAstModifyingVisitor
 import prog8.ast.statements.Assignment
+import prog8.ast.statements.Statement
 import kotlin.math.abs
 import kotlin.math.log2
+import kotlin.math.pow
 
 /*
-    todo advanced expression optimization: common (sub) expression elimination (turn common expressions into single subroutine call + introduce variable to hold it)
+    todo add more expression optimizations
 
     Also see  https://egorbo.com/peephole-optimizations.html
 
@@ -21,13 +20,13 @@ import kotlin.math.log2
 internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifyingVisitor {
     var optimizationsDone: Int = 0
 
-    override fun visit(assignment: Assignment): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(assignment: Assignment): Statement {
         if (assignment.aug_op != null)
             throw AstException("augmented assignments should have been converted to normal assignments before this optimizer")
         return super.visit(assignment)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(memread: DirectMemoryRead): IExpression {
+    override fun visit(memread: DirectMemoryRead): Expression {
         // @( &thing )  -->  thing
         val addrOf = memread.addressExpression as? AddressOf
         if(addrOf!=null)
@@ -35,14 +34,14 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
         return super.visit(memread)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(typecast: TypecastExpression): IExpression {
+    override fun visit(typecast: TypecastExpression): Expression {
         var tc = typecast
 
         // try to statically convert a literal value into one of the desired type
-        val literal = tc.expression as? LiteralValue
+        val literal = tc.expression as? NumericLiteralValue
         if(literal!=null) {
             val newLiteral = literal.cast(tc.type)
-            if(newLiteral!=null && newLiteral!==literal) {
+            if(newLiteral!==literal) {
                 optimizationsDone++
                 return newLiteral
             }
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
         }
     }
 
-    override fun visit(expr: PrefixExpression): IExpression {
+    override fun visit(expr: PrefixExpression): Expression {
         if (expr.operator == "+") {
             // +X --> X
             optimizationsDone++
@@ -128,16 +127,21 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
         return super.visit(expr)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(expr: BinaryExpression): IExpression {
+    override fun visit(expr: BinaryExpression): Expression {
         super.visit(expr)
         val leftVal = expr.left.constValue(program)
         val rightVal = expr.right.constValue(program)
-        val constTrue = LiteralValue.fromBoolean(true, expr.position)
-        val constFalse = LiteralValue.fromBoolean(false, expr.position)
+        val constTrue = NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(true, expr.position)
+        val constFalse = NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(false, expr.position)
 
-        val leftDt = expr.left.inferType(program)
-        val rightDt = expr.right.inferType(program)
-        if (leftDt != null && rightDt != null && leftDt != rightDt) {
+        val leftIDt = expr.left.inferType(program)
+        val rightIDt = expr.right.inferType(program)
+        if(!leftIDt.isKnown || !rightIDt.isKnown)
+            throw FatalAstException("can't determine datatype of both expression operands $expr")
+
+        val leftDt = leftIDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+        val rightDt = rightIDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+        if (leftDt != rightDt) {
             // try to convert a datatype into the other (where ddd
             if (adjustDatatypes(expr, leftVal, leftDt, rightVal, rightDt)) {
                 optimizationsDone++
@@ -174,10 +178,10 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
 
         // X + (-value)  -->  X - value
         if (expr.operator == "+" && rightVal != null) {
-            val rv = rightVal.asNumericValue?.toDouble()
-            if (rv != null && rv < 0.0) {
+            val rv = rightVal.number.toDouble()
+            if (rv < 0.0) {
                 expr.operator = "-"
-                expr.right = LiteralValue.fromNumber(-rv, rightVal.type, rightVal.position)
+                expr.right = NumericLiteralValue(rightVal.type, -rv, rightVal.position)
                 optimizationsDone++
                 return expr
             }
@@ -185,10 +189,10 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
 
         // (-value) + X  -->  X - value
         if (expr.operator == "+" && leftVal != null) {
-            val lv = leftVal.asNumericValue?.toDouble()
-            if (lv != null && lv < 0.0) {
+            val lv = leftVal.number.toDouble()
+            if (lv < 0.0) {
                 expr.operator = "-"
-                expr.right = LiteralValue.fromNumber(-lv, leftVal.type, leftVal.position)
+                expr.right = NumericLiteralValue(leftVal.type, -lv, leftVal.position)
                 optimizationsDone++
                 return expr
             }
@@ -204,10 +208,10 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
 
         // X - (-value)  -->  X + value
         if (expr.operator == "-" && rightVal != null) {
-            val rv = rightVal.asNumericValue?.toDouble()
-            if (rv != null && rv < 0.0) {
+            val rv = rightVal.number.toDouble()
+            if (rv < 0.0) {
                 expr.operator = "+"
-                expr.right = LiteralValue.fromNumber(-rv, rightVal.type, rightVal.position)
+                expr.right = NumericLiteralValue(rightVal.type, -rv, rightVal.position)
                 optimizationsDone++
                 return expr
             }
@@ -225,7 +229,7 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
                     val x = expr.right
                     val y = determineY(x, leftBinExpr)
                     if(y!=null) {
-                        val yPlus1 = BinaryExpression(y, "+", LiteralValue.fromNumber(1, leftDt!!, y.position), y.position)
+                        val yPlus1 = BinaryExpression(y, "+", NumericLiteralValue(leftDt, 1, y.position), y.position)
                         return BinaryExpression(x, "*", yPlus1, x.position)
                     }
                 } else {
@@ -234,7 +238,7 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
                     val x = expr.right
                     val y = determineY(x, leftBinExpr)
                     if(y!=null) {
-                        val yMinus1 = BinaryExpression(y, "-", LiteralValue.fromNumber(1, leftDt!!, y.position), y.position)
+                        val yMinus1 = BinaryExpression(y, "-", NumericLiteralValue(leftDt, 1, y.position), y.position)
                         return BinaryExpression(x, "*", yMinus1, x.position)
                     }
                 }
@@ -246,7 +250,7 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
                     val x = expr.left
                     val y = determineY(x, rightBinExpr)
                     if(y!=null) {
-                        val yPlus1 = BinaryExpression(y, "+", LiteralValue.optimalInteger(1, y.position), y.position)
+                        val yPlus1 = BinaryExpression(y, "+", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(1, y.position), y.position)
                         return BinaryExpression(x, "*", yPlus1, x.position)
                     }
                 } else {
@@ -255,7 +259,7 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
                     val x = expr.left
                     val y = determineY(x, rightBinExpr)
                     if(y!=null) {
-                        val oneMinusY = BinaryExpression(LiteralValue.optimalInteger(1, y.position), "-", y, y.position)
+                        val oneMinusY = BinaryExpression(NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(1, y.position), "-", y, y.position)
                         return BinaryExpression(x, "*", oneMinusY, x.position)
                     }
                 }
@@ -337,11 +341,13 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
             "-" -> return optimizeSub(expr, leftVal, rightVal)
             "**" -> return optimizePower(expr, leftVal, rightVal)
             "%" -> return optimizeRemainder(expr, leftVal, rightVal)
+            ">>" -> return optimizeShiftRight(expr, rightVal)
+            "<<" -> return optimizeShiftLeft(expr, rightVal)
         }
         return expr
     }
 
-    private fun determineY(x: IExpression, subBinExpr: BinaryExpression): IExpression? {
+    private fun determineY(x: Expression, subBinExpr: BinaryExpression): Expression? {
         return when {
             subBinExpr.left isSameAs x -> subBinExpr.right
             subBinExpr.right isSameAs x -> subBinExpr.left
@@ -350,58 +356,58 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
     }
 
     private fun adjustDatatypes(expr: BinaryExpression,
-                                leftConstVal: LiteralValue?, leftDt: DataType,
-                                rightConstVal: LiteralValue?, rightDt: DataType): Boolean {
+                                leftConstVal: NumericLiteralValue?, leftDt: DataType,
+                                rightConstVal: NumericLiteralValue?, rightDt: DataType): Boolean {
 
-        fun adjust(value: LiteralValue, targetDt: DataType): Pair<Boolean, LiteralValue>{
+        fun adjust(value: NumericLiteralValue, targetDt: DataType): Pair<Boolean, NumericLiteralValue>{
             if(value.type==targetDt)
                 return Pair(false, value)
             when(value.type) {
                 DataType.UBYTE -> {
                     if (targetDt == DataType.BYTE) {
-                        if(value.bytevalue!! < 127)
-                            return Pair(true, LiteralValue(targetDt, value.bytevalue, position = value.position))
+                        if(value.number.toInt() < 127)
+                            return Pair(true, NumericLiteralValue(targetDt, value.number.toShort(), value.position))
                     }
                     else if (targetDt == DataType.UWORD || targetDt == DataType.WORD)
-                        return Pair(true, LiteralValue(targetDt, wordvalue = value.bytevalue!!.toInt(), position = value.position))
+                        return Pair(true, NumericLiteralValue(targetDt, value.number.toInt(), value.position))
                 }
                 DataType.BYTE -> {
                     if (targetDt == DataType.UBYTE) {
-                        if(value.bytevalue!! >= 0)
-                            return Pair(true, LiteralValue(targetDt, value.bytevalue, position = value.position))
+                        if(value.number.toInt() >= 0)
+                            return Pair(true, NumericLiteralValue(targetDt, value.number.toInt(), value.position))
                     }
                     else if (targetDt == DataType.UWORD) {
-                        if(value.bytevalue!! >= 0)
-                            return Pair(true, LiteralValue(targetDt, wordvalue = value.bytevalue.toInt(), position = value.position))
+                        if(value.number.toInt() >= 0)
+                            return Pair(true, NumericLiteralValue(targetDt, value.number.toInt(), value.position))
                     }
-                    else if (targetDt == DataType.WORD) return Pair(true, LiteralValue(targetDt, wordvalue = value.bytevalue!!.toInt(), position = value.position))
+                    else if (targetDt == DataType.WORD) return Pair(true, NumericLiteralValue(targetDt, value.number.toInt(), value.position))
                 }
                 DataType.UWORD -> {
                     if (targetDt == DataType.UBYTE) {
-                        if(value.wordvalue!! <= 255)
-                            return Pair(true, LiteralValue(targetDt, value.wordvalue.toShort(), position = value.position))
+                        if(value.number.toInt() <= 255)
+                            return Pair(true, NumericLiteralValue(targetDt, value.number.toShort(), value.position))
                     }
                     else if (targetDt == DataType.BYTE) {
-                        if(value.wordvalue!! <= 127)
-                            return Pair(true, LiteralValue(targetDt, value.wordvalue.toShort(), position = value.position))
+                        if(value.number.toInt() <= 127)
+                            return Pair(true, NumericLiteralValue(targetDt, value.number.toShort(), value.position))
                     }
                     else if (targetDt == DataType.WORD) {
-                        if(value.wordvalue!! <= 32767)
-                            return Pair(true, LiteralValue(targetDt, wordvalue = value.wordvalue, position = value.position))
+                        if(value.number.toInt() <= 32767)
+                            return Pair(true, NumericLiteralValue(targetDt, value.number.toInt(), value.position))
                     }
                 }
                 DataType.WORD -> {
                     if (targetDt == DataType.UBYTE) {
-                        if(value.wordvalue!! in 0..255)
-                            return Pair(true, LiteralValue(targetDt, value.wordvalue.toShort(), position = value.position))
+                        if(value.number.toInt() in 0..255)
+                            return Pair(true, NumericLiteralValue(targetDt, value.number.toShort(), value.position))
                     }
                     else if (targetDt == DataType.BYTE) {
-                        if(value.wordvalue!! in -128..127)
-                            return Pair(true, LiteralValue(targetDt, value.wordvalue.toShort(), position = value.position))
+                        if(value.number.toInt() in -128..127)
+                            return Pair(true, NumericLiteralValue(targetDt, value.number.toShort(), value.position))
                     }
                     else if (targetDt == DataType.UWORD) {
-                        if(value.wordvalue!! >= 0)
-                            return Pair(true, LiteralValue(targetDt, value.wordvalue.toShort(), position = value.position))
+                        if(value.number.toInt() >= 0)
+                            return Pair(true, NumericLiteralValue(targetDt, value.number.toShort(), value.position))
                     }
                 }
                 else -> {}
@@ -434,9 +440,9 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
         }
     }
 
-    private data class ReorderedAssociativeBinaryExpr(val expr: BinaryExpression, val leftVal: LiteralValue?, val rightVal: LiteralValue?)
+    private data class ReorderedAssociativeBinaryExpr(val expr: BinaryExpression, val leftVal: NumericLiteralValue?, val rightVal: NumericLiteralValue?)
 
-    private fun reorderAssociative(expr: BinaryExpression, leftVal: LiteralValue?): ReorderedAssociativeBinaryExpr {
+    private fun reorderAssociative(expr: BinaryExpression, leftVal: NumericLiteralValue?): ReorderedAssociativeBinaryExpr {
         if(expr.operator in associativeOperators && leftVal!=null) {
             // swap left and right so that right is always the constant
             val tmp = expr.left
@@ -448,15 +454,15 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
         return ReorderedAssociativeBinaryExpr(expr, leftVal, expr.right.constValue(program))
     }
 
-    private fun optimizeAdd(pexpr: BinaryExpression, pleftVal: LiteralValue?, prightVal: LiteralValue?): IExpression {
+    private fun optimizeAdd(pexpr: BinaryExpression, pleftVal: NumericLiteralValue?, prightVal: NumericLiteralValue?): Expression {
         if(pleftVal==null && prightVal==null)
             return pexpr
 
         val (expr, _, rightVal) = reorderAssociative(pexpr, pleftVal)
         if(rightVal!=null) {
             // right value is a constant, see if we can optimize
-            val rightConst: LiteralValue = rightVal
-            when(rightConst.asNumericValue?.toDouble()) {
+            val rightConst: NumericLiteralValue = rightVal
+            when(rightConst.number.toDouble()) {
                 0.0 -> {
                     // left
                     optimizationsDone++
@@ -469,14 +475,14 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
         return expr
     }
 
-    private fun optimizeSub(expr: BinaryExpression, leftVal: LiteralValue?, rightVal: LiteralValue?): IExpression {
+    private fun optimizeSub(expr: BinaryExpression, leftVal: NumericLiteralValue?, rightVal: NumericLiteralValue?): Expression {
         if(leftVal==null && rightVal==null)
             return expr
 
         if(rightVal!=null) {
             // right value is a constant, see if we can optimize
-            val rightConst: LiteralValue = rightVal
-            when(rightConst.asNumericValue?.toDouble()) {
+            val rightConst: NumericLiteralValue = rightVal
+            when(rightConst.number.toDouble()) {
                 0.0 -> {
                     // left
                     optimizationsDone++
@@ -486,7 +492,7 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
         }
         if(leftVal!=null) {
             // left value is a constant, see if we can optimize
-            when(leftVal.asNumericValue?.toDouble()) {
+            when(leftVal.number.toDouble()) {
                 0.0 -> {
                     // -right
                     optimizationsDone++
@@ -498,38 +504,38 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
         return expr
     }
 
-    private fun optimizePower(expr: BinaryExpression, leftVal: LiteralValue?, rightVal: LiteralValue?): IExpression {
+    private fun optimizePower(expr: BinaryExpression, leftVal: NumericLiteralValue?, rightVal: NumericLiteralValue?): Expression {
         if(leftVal==null && rightVal==null)
             return expr
 
         if(rightVal!=null) {
             // right value is a constant, see if we can optimize
-            val rightConst: LiteralValue = rightVal
-            when(rightConst.asNumericValue?.toDouble()) {
+            val rightConst: NumericLiteralValue = rightVal
+            when(rightConst.number.toDouble()) {
                 -3.0 -> {
                     // -1/(left*left*left)
                     optimizationsDone++
-                    return BinaryExpression(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = -1.0, position = expr.position), "/",
+                    return BinaryExpression(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, -1.0, expr.position), "/",
                             BinaryExpression(expr.left, "*", BinaryExpression(expr.left, "*", expr.left, expr.position), expr.position),
                             expr.position)
                 }
                 -2.0 -> {
                     // -1/(left*left)
                     optimizationsDone++
-                    return BinaryExpression(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = -1.0, position = expr.position), "/",
+                    return BinaryExpression(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, -1.0, expr.position), "/",
                             BinaryExpression(expr.left, "*", expr.left, expr.position),
                             expr.position)
                 }
                 -1.0 -> {
                     // -1/left
                     optimizationsDone++
-                    return BinaryExpression(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = -1.0, position = expr.position), "/",
+                    return BinaryExpression(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, -1.0, expr.position), "/",
                             expr.left, expr.position)
                 }
                 0.0 -> {
                     // 1
                     optimizationsDone++
-                    return LiteralValue.fromNumber(1, rightConst.type, expr.position)
+                    return NumericLiteralValue(rightConst.type, 1, expr.position)
                 }
                 0.5 -> {
                     // sqrt(left)
@@ -555,21 +561,21 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
         }
         if(leftVal!=null) {
             // left value is a constant, see if we can optimize
-            when(leftVal.asNumericValue?.toDouble()) {
+            when(leftVal.number.toDouble()) {
                 -1.0 -> {
                     // -1
                     optimizationsDone++
-                    return LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = -1.0, position = expr.position)
+                    return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, -1.0, expr.position)
                 }
                 0.0 -> {
                     // 0
                     optimizationsDone++
-                    return LiteralValue.fromNumber(0, leftVal.type, expr.position)
+                    return NumericLiteralValue(leftVal.type, 0, expr.position)
                 }
                 1.0 -> {
                     //1
                     optimizationsDone++
-                    return LiteralValue.fromNumber(1, leftVal.type, expr.position)
+                    return NumericLiteralValue(leftVal.type, 1, expr.position)
                 }
 
             }
@@ -578,22 +584,22 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
         return expr
     }
 
-    private fun optimizeRemainder(expr: BinaryExpression, leftVal: LiteralValue?, rightVal: LiteralValue?): IExpression {
+    private fun optimizeRemainder(expr: BinaryExpression, leftVal: NumericLiteralValue?, rightVal: NumericLiteralValue?): Expression {
         if(leftVal==null && rightVal==null)
             return expr
 
         // simplify assignments  A = B <operator> C
 
-        val cv = rightVal?.asIntegerValue?.toDouble()
+        val cv = rightVal?.number?.toInt()?.toDouble()
         when(expr.operator) {
             "%" -> {
                 if (cv == 1.0) {
                     optimizationsDone++
-                    return LiteralValue.fromNumber(0, expr.inferType(program)!!, expr.position)
+                    return NumericLiteralValue(expr.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT), 0, expr.position)
                 } else if (cv == 2.0) {
                     optimizationsDone++
                     expr.operator = "&"
-                    expr.right = LiteralValue.optimalInteger(1, expr.position)
+                    expr.right = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(1, expr.position)
                     return expr
                 }
             }
@@ -602,17 +608,22 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
 
     }
 
-    private fun optimizeDivision(expr: BinaryExpression, leftVal: LiteralValue?, rightVal: LiteralValue?): IExpression {
+    private val powersOfTwo = (1 .. 16).map { (2.0).pow(it) }.toSet()
+    private val negativePowersOfTwo = powersOfTwo.map { -it }.toSet()
+
+    private fun optimizeDivision(expr: BinaryExpression, leftVal: NumericLiteralValue?, rightVal: NumericLiteralValue?): Expression {
         if(leftVal==null && rightVal==null)
             return expr
 
         // cannot shuffle assiciativity with division!
-
         if(rightVal!=null) {
             // right value is a constant, see if we can optimize
-            val rightConst: LiteralValue = rightVal
-            val cv = rightConst.asNumericValue?.toDouble()
-            val leftDt = expr.left.inferType(program)
+            val rightConst: NumericLiteralValue = rightVal
+            val cv = rightConst.number.toDouble()
+            val leftIDt = expr.left.inferType(program)
+            if(!leftIDt.isKnown)
+                return expr
+            val leftDt = leftIDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
             when(cv) {
                 -1.0 -> {
                     //  '/' -> -left
@@ -628,45 +639,45 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
                         return expr.left
                     }
                 }
-                2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0, 32.0, 64.0, 128.0, 256.0, 512.0, 1024.0, 2048.0, 4096.0, 8192.0, 16384.0, 32768.0, 65536.0 -> {
+                in powersOfTwo -> {
                     if(leftDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
                         // divided by a power of two => shift right
                         optimizationsDone++
                         val numshifts = log2(cv).toInt()
-                        return BinaryExpression(expr.left, ">>", LiteralValue.optimalInteger(numshifts, expr.position), expr.position)
+                        return BinaryExpression(expr.left, ">>", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(numshifts, expr.position), expr.position)
                     }
                 }
-                -2.0, -4.0, -8.0, -16.0, -32.0, -64.0, -128.0, -256.0, -512.0, -1024.0, -2048.0, -4096.0, -8192.0, -16384.0, -32768.0, -65536.0 -> {
+                in negativePowersOfTwo -> {
                     if(leftDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
                         // divided by a negative power of two => negate, then shift right
                         optimizationsDone++
                         val numshifts = log2(-cv).toInt()
-                        return BinaryExpression(PrefixExpression("-", expr.left, expr.position), ">>", LiteralValue.optimalInteger(numshifts, expr.position), expr.position)
+                        return BinaryExpression(PrefixExpression("-", expr.left, expr.position), ">>", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(numshifts, expr.position), expr.position)
                     }
                 }
             }
 
             if (leftDt == DataType.UBYTE) {
-                if(abs(rightConst.asNumericValue!!.toDouble()) >= 256.0) {
+                if(abs(rightConst.number.toDouble()) >= 256.0) {
                     optimizationsDone++
-                    return LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0, position = expr.position)
+                    return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0, expr.position)
                 }
             }
             else if (leftDt == DataType.UWORD) {
-                if(abs(rightConst.asNumericValue!!.toDouble()) >= 65536.0) {
+                if(abs(rightConst.number.toDouble()) >= 65536.0) {
                     optimizationsDone++
-                    return LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0, position = expr.position)
+                    return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0, expr.position)
                 }
             }
         }
 
         if(leftVal!=null) {
             // left value is a constant, see if we can optimize
-            when(leftVal.asNumericValue?.toDouble()) {
+            when(leftVal.number.toDouble()) {
                 0.0 -> {
                     // 0
                     optimizationsDone++
-                    return LiteralValue.fromNumber(0, leftVal.type, expr.position)
+                    return NumericLiteralValue(leftVal.type, 0, expr.position)
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -674,16 +685,16 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
         return expr
     }
 
-    private fun optimizeMultiplication(pexpr: BinaryExpression, pleftVal: LiteralValue?, prightVal: LiteralValue?): IExpression {
+    private fun optimizeMultiplication(pexpr: BinaryExpression, pleftVal: NumericLiteralValue?, prightVal: NumericLiteralValue?): Expression {
         if(pleftVal==null && prightVal==null)
             return pexpr
 
         val (expr, _, rightVal) = reorderAssociative(pexpr, pleftVal)
         if(rightVal!=null) {
             // right value is a constant, see if we can optimize
-            val leftValue: IExpression = expr.left
-            val rightConst: LiteralValue = rightVal
-            when(val cv = rightConst.asNumericValue?.toDouble()) {
+            val leftValue: Expression = expr.left
+            val rightConst: NumericLiteralValue = rightVal
+            when(val cv = rightConst.number.toDouble()) {
                 -1.0 -> {
                     // -left
                     optimizationsDone++
@@ -692,27 +703,27 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
                 0.0 -> {
                     // 0
                     optimizationsDone++
-                    return LiteralValue.fromNumber(0, rightConst.type, expr.position)
+                    return NumericLiteralValue(rightConst.type, 0, expr.position)
                 }
                 1.0 -> {
                     // left
                     optimizationsDone++
                     return expr.left
                 }
-                2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0, 32.0, 64.0, 128.0, 256.0, 512.0, 1024.0, 2048.0, 4096.0, 8192.0, 16384.0, 32768.0, 65536.0 -> {
-                    if(leftValue.inferType(program) in IntegerDatatypes) {
+                in powersOfTwo -> {
+                    if(leftValue.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) in IntegerDatatypes) {
                         // times a power of two => shift left
                         optimizationsDone++
                         val numshifts = log2(cv).toInt()
-                        return BinaryExpression(expr.left, "<<", LiteralValue.optimalInteger(numshifts, expr.position), expr.position)
+                        return BinaryExpression(expr.left, "<<", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(numshifts, expr.position), expr.position)
                     }
                 }
-                -2.0, -4.0, -8.0, -16.0, -32.0, -64.0, -128.0, -256.0, -512.0, -1024.0, -2048.0, -4096.0, -8192.0, -16384.0, -32768.0, -65536.0 -> {
-                    if(leftValue.inferType(program) in IntegerDatatypes) {
+                in negativePowersOfTwo -> {
+                    if(leftValue.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) in IntegerDatatypes) {
                         // times a negative power of two => negate, then shift left
                         optimizationsDone++
                         val numshifts = log2(-cv).toInt()
-                        return BinaryExpression(PrefixExpression("-", expr.left, expr.position), "<<", LiteralValue.optimalInteger(numshifts, expr.position), expr.position)
+                        return BinaryExpression(PrefixExpression("-", expr.left, expr.position), "<<", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(numshifts, expr.position), expr.position)
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -721,4 +732,97 @@ internal class SimplifyExpressions(private val program: Program) : IAstModifying
 
         return expr
     }
+
+    private fun optimizeShiftLeft(expr: BinaryExpression, amountLv: NumericLiteralValue?): Expression {
+        if(amountLv==null)
+            return expr
+
+        val amount=amountLv.number.toInt()
+        if(amount==0) {
+            optimizationsDone++
+            return expr.left
+        }
+        val targetDt = expr.left.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+        when(targetDt) {
+            DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
+                if(amount>=8) {
+                    optimizationsDone++
+                    return NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, expr.position)
+                }
+            }
+            DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> {
+                if(amount>=16) {
+                    optimizationsDone++
+                    return NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, expr.position)
+                }
+                else if(amount>=8) {
+                    optimizationsDone++
+                    val lsb=TypecastExpression(expr.left, DataType.UBYTE, true, expr.position)
+                    if(amount==8) {
+                        return FunctionCall(IdentifierReference(listOf("mkword"), expr.position), mutableListOf(NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, expr.position), lsb), expr.position)
+                    }
+                    val shifted = BinaryExpression(lsb, "<<", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(amount-8, expr.position), expr.position)
+                    return FunctionCall(IdentifierReference(listOf("mkword"), expr.position), mutableListOf(NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, expr.position), shifted), expr.position)
+                }
+            }
+            else -> {}
+        }
+        return expr
+    }
+
+    private fun optimizeShiftRight(expr: BinaryExpression, amountLv: NumericLiteralValue?): Expression {
+        if(amountLv==null)
+            return expr
+
+        val amount=amountLv.number.toInt()
+        if(amount==0) {
+            optimizationsDone++
+            return expr.left
+        }
+        val targetDt = expr.left.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+        when(targetDt) {
+            DataType.UBYTE -> {
+                if(amount>=8) {
+                    optimizationsDone++
+                    return NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, expr.position)
+                }
+            }
+            DataType.BYTE -> {
+                if(amount>8) {
+                    expr.right = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(8, expr.right.position)
+                    return expr
+                }
+            }
+            DataType.UWORD -> {
+                if(amount>=16) {
+                    optimizationsDone++
+                    return NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, expr.position)
+                }
+                else if(amount>=8) {
+                    optimizationsDone++
+                    val msb=FunctionCall(IdentifierReference(listOf("msb"), expr.position), mutableListOf(expr.left), expr.position)
+                    if(amount==8)
+                        return msb
+                    return BinaryExpression(msb, ">>", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(amount-8, expr.position), expr.position)
+                }
+            }
+            DataType.WORD -> {
+                if(amount>16) {
+                    expr.right = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(16, expr.right.position)
+                    return expr
+                } else if(amount>=8) {
+                    optimizationsDone++
+                    val msbAsByte = TypecastExpression(
+                            FunctionCall(IdentifierReference(listOf("msb"), expr.position), mutableListOf(expr.left), expr.position),
+                            DataType.BYTE,
+                            true, expr.position)
+                    if(amount==8)
+                        return msbAsByte
+                    return BinaryExpression(msbAsByte, ">>", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(amount-8, expr.position), expr.position)
+                }
+            }
+            else -> {}
+        }
+        return expr
+    }
 }

compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/StatementOptimizer.kt

@@ -1,101 +1,41 @@
 package prog8.optimizer
 
-import prog8.ast.*
+import prog8.ast.INameScope
+import prog8.ast.Module
+import prog8.ast.Node
+import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.processing.IAstModifyingVisitor
 import prog8.ast.processing.IAstVisitor
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.Petscii
+import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
 import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
 import kotlin.math.floor
 
 
 /*
-    todo: subroutines with 1 or 2 byte args or 1 word arg can be converted to asm sub calling convention (args in registers)
-    todo analyse for unreachable code and remove that (f.i. code after goto or return that has no label so can never be jumped to) + print warning about this
+    TODO: remove unreachable code?
+    TODO: proper inlining of tiny subroutines (correctly renaming/relocating all variables in them and refs to those as well, or restrict to subs without variables?)
 */
 
 
-internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val optimizeInlining: Boolean) : IAstModifyingVisitor {
+internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program) : IAstModifyingVisitor {
     var optimizationsDone: Int = 0
         private set
 
     private val pureBuiltinFunctions = BuiltinFunctions.filter { it.value.pure }
     private val callgraph = CallGraph(program)
-
-    companion object {
-        private var generatedLabelSequenceNumber = 0
-    }
+    private val vardeclsToRemove = mutableListOf<VarDecl>()
 
     override fun visit(program: Program) {
         removeUnusedCode(callgraph)
-        if(optimizeInlining) {
-            inlineSubroutines(callgraph)
-        }
         super.visit(program)
-    }
 
-    private fun inlineSubroutines(callgraph: CallGraph) {
-        val entrypoint = program.entrypoint()
-        program.modules.forEach {
-            callgraph.forAllSubroutines(it) { sub ->
-                if(sub!==entrypoint && !sub.isAsmSubroutine) {
-                    if (sub.statements.size <= 3 && !sub.expensiveToInline) {
-                        sub.calledBy.toList().forEach { caller -> inlineSubroutine(sub, caller) }
-                    } else if (sub.calledBy.size==1 && sub.statements.size < 50) {
-                        inlineSubroutine(sub, sub.calledBy[0])
-                    } else if(sub.calledBy.size<=3 && sub.statements.size < 10 && !sub.expensiveToInline) {
-                        sub.calledBy.toList().forEach { caller -> inlineSubroutine(sub, caller) }
+        for(decl in vardeclsToRemove) {
+            decl.definingScope().remove(decl)
         }
     }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun inlineSubroutine(sub: Subroutine, caller: Node) {
-        // if the sub is called multiple times from the isSameAs scope, we can't inline (would result in duplicate definitions)
-        // (unless we add a sequence number to all vars/labels and references to them in the inlined code, but I skip that for now)
-        val scope = caller.definingScope()
-        if(sub.calledBy.count { it.definingScope()===scope } > 1)
-            return
-        if(caller !is IFunctionCall || caller !is IStatement || sub.statements.any { it is Subroutine })
-            return
-
-        if(sub.parameters.isEmpty() && sub.returntypes.isEmpty()) {
-            // sub without params and without return value can be easily inlined
-            val parent = caller.parent as INameScope
-            val inlined = AnonymousScope(sub.statements.toMutableList(), caller.position)
-            parent.statements[parent.statements.indexOf(caller)] = inlined
-            // replace return statements in the inlined sub by a jump to the end of it
-            var haveNewEndLabel = false
-            var endLabelUsed = false
-            var endlabel = inlined.statements.last() as? Label
-            if(endlabel==null) {
-                endlabel = makeLabel("_prog8_auto_sub_end", inlined.statements.last().position)
-                endlabel.parent = inlined
-                haveNewEndLabel = true
-            }
-            val returns = inlined.statements.withIndex().filter { iv -> iv.value is Return }.map { iv -> Pair(iv.index, iv.value as Return)}
-            for(returnIdx in returns) {
-                val jump = Jump(null, IdentifierReference(listOf(endlabel.name), returnIdx.second.position), null, returnIdx.second.position)
-                inlined.statements[returnIdx.first] = jump
-                endLabelUsed = true
-            }
-            if(endLabelUsed && haveNewEndLabel)
-                inlined.statements.add(endlabel)
-            inlined.linkParents(caller.parent)
-            sub.calledBy.remove(caller)     // if there are no callers left, the sub will be removed automatically later
-            optimizationsDone++
-        } else {
-            // TODO inline subroutine that has params or returnvalues or both
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun makeLabel(name: String, position: Position): Label {
-        generatedLabelSequenceNumber++
-        return Label("${name}_$generatedLabelSequenceNumber", position)
-    }
 
     private fun removeUnusedCode(callgraph: CallGraph) {
         // remove all subroutines that aren't called, or are empty
@@ -136,7 +76,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
         }
     }
 
-    override fun visit(block: Block): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(block: Block): Statement {
         if("force_output" !in block.options()) {
             if (block.containsNoCodeNorVars()) {
                 optimizationsDone++
@@ -154,7 +94,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
         return super.visit(block)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(subroutine: Subroutine): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(subroutine: Subroutine): Statement {
         super.visit(subroutine)
         val forceOutput = "force_output" in subroutine.definingBlock().options()
         if(subroutine.asmAddress==null && !forceOutput) {
@@ -170,18 +110,6 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
             linesToRemove.reversed().forEach{subroutine.statements.removeAt(it)}
         }
 
-        if(subroutine.canBeAsmSubroutine) {
-            optimizationsDone++
-            return subroutine.intoAsmSubroutine()   // TODO this doesn't work yet due to parameter vardecl issue
-
-            // TODO fix parameter passing so this also works:
-//            asmsub aa(byte arg @ Y) -> clobbers() -> () {
-//                byte local = arg            ; @todo fix 'undefined symbol arg' by some sort of alias name for the parameter
-//                A=44
-//            }
-
-        }
-
         if(subroutine !in callgraph.usedSymbols && !forceOutput) {
             printWarning("removing unused subroutine '${subroutine.name}'", subroutine.position)
             optimizationsDone++
@@ -191,7 +119,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
         return subroutine
     }
 
-    override fun visit(decl: VarDecl): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(decl: VarDecl): Statement {
         val forceOutput = "force_output" in decl.definingBlock().options()
         if(decl !in callgraph.usedSymbols && !forceOutput) {
             if(decl.type == VarDeclType.VAR)
@@ -203,13 +131,13 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
         return super.visit(decl)
     }
 
-    private fun deduplicateAssignments(statements: List<IStatement>): MutableList<Int> {
+    private fun deduplicateAssignments(statements: List<Statement>): MutableList<Int> {
         // removes 'duplicate' assignments that assign the isSameAs target
         val linesToRemove = mutableListOf<Int>()
         var previousAssignmentLine: Int? = null
-        for (i in 0 until statements.size) {
+        for (i in statements.indices) {
             val stmt = statements[i] as? Assignment
-            if (stmt != null && stmt.value is LiteralValue) {
+            if (stmt != null && stmt.value is NumericLiteralValue) {
                 if (previousAssignmentLine == null) {
                     previousAssignmentLine = i
                     continue
@@ -228,7 +156,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
         return linesToRemove
     }
 
-    override fun visit(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement): Statement {
         if(functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource.size==1 && functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource[0] in BuiltinFunctions) {
             val functionName = functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource[0]
             if (functionName in pureBuiltinFunctions) {
@@ -241,26 +169,34 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
         if(functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource==listOf("c64scr", "print") ||
                 functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource==listOf("c64scr", "print_p")) {
             // printing a literal string of just 2 or 1 characters is replaced by directly outputting those characters
-            if(functionCallStatement.arglist.single() is LiteralValue)
-                throw AstException("string argument should be on heap already")
-            val stringVar = functionCallStatement.arglist.single() as? IdentifierReference
+            val arg = functionCallStatement.args.single()
+            val stringVar: IdentifierReference?
+            stringVar = if(arg is AddressOf) {
+                arg.identifier
+            } else {
+                arg as? IdentifierReference
+            }
             if(stringVar!=null) {
-                val heapId = stringVar.heapId(program.namespace)
-                val string = program.heap.get(heapId).str!!
-                if(string.length==1) {
-                    val petscii = Petscii.encodePetscii(string, true)[0]
-                    functionCallStatement.arglist.clear()
-                    functionCallStatement.arglist.add(LiteralValue.optimalInteger(petscii, functionCallStatement.position))
+                val vardecl = stringVar.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+                val string = vardecl.value!! as StringLiteralValue
+                if(string.value.length==1) {
+                    val firstCharEncoded = CompilationTarget.encodeString(string.value)[0]
+                    functionCallStatement.args.clear()
+                    functionCallStatement.args.add(NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(firstCharEncoded.toInt(), functionCallStatement.position))
                     functionCallStatement.target = IdentifierReference(listOf("c64", "CHROUT"), functionCallStatement.target.position)
+                    vardeclsToRemove.add(vardecl)
                     optimizationsDone++
                     return functionCallStatement
-                } else if(string.length==2) {
-                    val petscii = Petscii.encodePetscii(string, true)
+                } else if(string.value.length==2) {
+                    val firstTwoCharsEncoded = CompilationTarget.encodeString(string.value.take(2))
                     val scope = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), functionCallStatement.position)
                     scope.statements.add(FunctionCallStatement(IdentifierReference(listOf("c64", "CHROUT"), functionCallStatement.target.position),
-                            mutableListOf(LiteralValue.optimalInteger(petscii[0], functionCallStatement.position)), functionCallStatement.position))
+                            mutableListOf(NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(firstTwoCharsEncoded[0].toInt(), functionCallStatement.position)),
+                            functionCallStatement.void, functionCallStatement.position))
                     scope.statements.add(FunctionCallStatement(IdentifierReference(listOf("c64", "CHROUT"), functionCallStatement.target.position),
-                            mutableListOf(LiteralValue.optimalInteger(petscii[1], functionCallStatement.position)), functionCallStatement.position))
+                            mutableListOf(NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(firstTwoCharsEncoded[1].toInt(), functionCallStatement.position)),
+                            functionCallStatement.void, functionCallStatement.position))
+                    vardeclsToRemove.add(vardecl)
                     optimizationsDone++
                     return scope
                 }
@@ -275,7 +211,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
             val first = subroutine.statements.asSequence().filterNot { it is VarDecl || it is Directive }.firstOrNull()
             if(first is Jump && first.identifier!=null) {
                 optimizationsDone++
-                return FunctionCallStatement(first.identifier, functionCallStatement.arglist, functionCallStatement.position)
+                return FunctionCallStatement(first.identifier, functionCallStatement.args, functionCallStatement.void, functionCallStatement.position)
             }
             if(first is ReturnFromIrq || first is Return) {
                 optimizationsDone++
@@ -286,7 +222,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
         return super.visit(functionCallStatement)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(functionCall: FunctionCall): IExpression {
+    override fun visit(functionCall: FunctionCall): Expression {
         // if it calls a subroutine,
         // and the first instruction in the subroutine is a jump, call that jump target instead
         // if the first instruction in the subroutine is a return statement with constant value, replace with the constant value
@@ -295,7 +231,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
             val first = subroutine.statements.asSequence().filterNot { it is VarDecl || it is Directive }.firstOrNull()
             if(first is Jump && first.identifier!=null) {
                 optimizationsDone++
-                return FunctionCall(first.identifier, functionCall.arglist, functionCall.position)
+                return FunctionCall(first.identifier, functionCall.args, functionCall.position)
             }
             if(first is Return && first.value!=null) {
                 val constval = first.value?.constValue(program)
@@ -306,7 +242,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
         return super.visit(functionCall)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(ifStatement: IfStatement): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(ifStatement: IfStatement): Statement {
         super.visit(ifStatement)
 
         if(ifStatement.truepart.containsNoCodeNorVars() && ifStatement.elsepart.containsNoCodeNorVars()) {
@@ -327,7 +263,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
         if(constvalue!=null) {
             return if(constvalue.asBooleanValue){
                 // always true -> keep only if-part
-                printWarning("condition is always true", ifStatement.position)
+                printWarning("condition is always true", ifStatement.position)  // TODO don't warn this if the condition is just the single value 'true'
                 optimizationsDone++
                 ifStatement.truepart
             } else {
@@ -340,7 +276,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
         return ifStatement
     }
 
-    override fun visit(forLoop: ForLoop): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(forLoop: ForLoop): Statement {
         super.visit(forLoop)
         if(forLoop.body.containsNoCodeNorVars()) {
             // remove empty for loop
@@ -370,25 +306,26 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
         return forLoop
     }
 
-    override fun visit(whileLoop: WhileLoop): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(whileLoop: WhileLoop): Statement {
         super.visit(whileLoop)
         val constvalue = whileLoop.condition.constValue(program)
         if(constvalue!=null) {
             return if(constvalue.asBooleanValue){
                 // always true -> print a warning, and optimize into body + jump (if there are no continue and break statements)
-                printWarning("condition is always true", whileLoop.position)
+                printWarning("condition is always true", whileLoop.condition.position)
                 if(hasContinueOrBreak(whileLoop.body))
                     return whileLoop
-                val label = Label("__back", whileLoop.condition.position)
+                val backLabelName = "_prog8_back${whileLoop.position.line}"
+                val label = Label(backLabelName, whileLoop.condition.position)
                 whileLoop.body.statements.add(0, label)
                 whileLoop.body.statements.add(Jump(null,
-                        IdentifierReference(listOf("__back"), whileLoop.condition.position),
+                        IdentifierReference(listOf(backLabelName), whileLoop.condition.position),
                         null, whileLoop.condition.position))
                 optimizationsDone++
                 return whileLoop.body
             } else {
                 // always false -> ditch whole statement
-                printWarning("condition is always false", whileLoop.position)
+                printWarning("condition is always false", whileLoop.condition.position)
                 optimizationsDone++
                 NopStatement.insteadOf(whileLoop)
             }
@@ -396,13 +333,13 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
         return whileLoop
     }
 
-    override fun visit(repeatLoop: RepeatLoop): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(repeatLoop: RepeatLoop): Statement {
         super.visit(repeatLoop)
         val constvalue = repeatLoop.untilCondition.constValue(program)
         if(constvalue!=null) {
             return if(constvalue.asBooleanValue){
                 // always true -> keep only the statement block (if there are no continue and break statements)
-                printWarning("condition is always true", repeatLoop.position)
+                printWarning("condition is always true", repeatLoop.untilCondition.position)
                 if(hasContinueOrBreak(repeatLoop.body))
                     repeatLoop
                 else {
@@ -411,13 +348,14 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
                 }
             } else {
                 // always false -> print a warning, and optimize into body + jump (if there are no continue and break statements)
-                printWarning("condition is always false", repeatLoop.position)
+                printWarning("condition is always false", repeatLoop.untilCondition.position)
                 if(hasContinueOrBreak(repeatLoop.body))
                     return repeatLoop
-                val label = Label("__back", repeatLoop.untilCondition.position)
+                val backLabelName = "_prog8_back${repeatLoop.position.line}"
+                val label = Label(backLabelName, repeatLoop.untilCondition.position)
                 repeatLoop.body.statements.add(0, label)
                 repeatLoop.body.statements.add(Jump(null,
-                        IdentifierReference(listOf("__back"), repeatLoop.untilCondition.position),
+                        IdentifierReference(listOf(backLabelName), repeatLoop.untilCondition.position),
                         null, repeatLoop.untilCondition.position))
                 optimizationsDone++
                 return repeatLoop.body
@@ -426,7 +364,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
         return repeatLoop
     }
 
-    override fun visit(whenStatement: WhenStatement): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(whenStatement: WhenStatement): Statement {
         val choices = whenStatement.choices.toList()
         for(choice in choices) {
             if(choice.statements.containsNoCodeNorVars())
@@ -441,12 +379,12 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
         {
             var count=0
 
-            override fun visit(breakStmt: Break): IStatement {
+            override fun visit(breakStmt: Break): Statement {
                 count++
                 return super.visit(breakStmt)
             }
 
-            override fun visit(contStmt: Continue): IStatement {
+            override fun visit(contStmt: Continue): Statement {
                 count++
                 return super.visit(contStmt)
             }
@@ -460,7 +398,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
         return s.count > 0
     }
 
-    override fun visit(jump: Jump): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(jump: Jump): Statement {
         val subroutine = jump.identifier?.targetSubroutine(program.namespace)
         if(subroutine!=null) {
             // if the first instruction in the subroutine is another jump, shortcut this one
@@ -484,23 +422,28 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
         return jump
     }
 
-    override fun visit(assignment: Assignment): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(assignment: Assignment): Statement {
         if(assignment.aug_op!=null)
             throw AstException("augmented assignments should have been converted to normal assignments before this optimizer")
 
         if(assignment.target isSameAs assignment.value) {
+            if(assignment.target.isNotMemory(program.namespace)) {
                 optimizationsDone++
                 return NopStatement.insteadOf(assignment)
             }
-        val targetDt = assignment.target.inferType(program, assignment)
+        }
+        val targetIDt = assignment.target.inferType(program, assignment)
+        if(!targetIDt.isKnown)
+            throw FatalAstException("can't infer type of assignment target")
+        val targetDt = targetIDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
         val bexpr=assignment.value as? BinaryExpression
         if(bexpr!=null) {
-            val cv = bexpr.right.constValue(program)?.asNumericValue?.toDouble()
+            val cv = bexpr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toDouble()
             if (cv == null) {
                 if (bexpr.operator == "+" && targetDt != DataType.FLOAT) {
                     if (bexpr.left isSameAs bexpr.right && assignment.target isSameAs bexpr.left) {
                         bexpr.operator = "*"
-                        bexpr.right = LiteralValue.optimalInteger(2, assignment.value.position)
+                        bexpr.right = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(2, assignment.value.position)
                         optimizationsDone++
                         return assignment
                     }
@@ -569,7 +512,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
                             }
                             if (((targetDt == DataType.UWORD || targetDt == DataType.WORD) && cv > 15.0) ||
                                     ((targetDt == DataType.UBYTE || targetDt == DataType.BYTE) && cv > 7.0)) {
-                                assignment.value = LiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, assignment.value.position)
+                                assignment.value = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, assignment.value.position)
                                 assignment.value.linkParents(assignment)
                                 optimizationsDone++
                             } else {
@@ -577,7 +520,8 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
                                 val scope = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), assignment.position)
                                 var numshifts = cv.toInt()
                                 while (numshifts > 0) {
-                                    scope.statements.add(FunctionCallStatement(IdentifierReference(listOf("lsl"), assignment.position), mutableListOf(bexpr.left), assignment.position))
+                                    scope.statements.add(FunctionCallStatement(IdentifierReference(listOf("lsl"), assignment.position),
+                                            mutableListOf(bexpr.left), true, assignment.position))
                                     numshifts--
                                 }
                                 optimizationsDone++
@@ -589,9 +533,8 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
                                 optimizationsDone++
                                 return NopStatement.insteadOf(assignment)
                             }
-                            if (((targetDt == DataType.UWORD || targetDt == DataType.WORD) && cv > 15.0) ||
-                                    ((targetDt == DataType.UBYTE || targetDt == DataType.BYTE) && cv > 7.0)) {
-                                assignment.value = LiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, assignment.value.position)
+                            if ((targetDt == DataType.UWORD && cv > 15.0) || (targetDt == DataType.UBYTE && cv > 7.0)) {
+                                assignment.value = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, assignment.value.position)
                                 assignment.value.linkParents(assignment)
                                 optimizationsDone++
                             } else {
@@ -599,7 +542,8 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
                                 val scope = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), assignment.position)
                                 var numshifts = cv.toInt()
                                 while (numshifts > 0) {
-                                    scope.statements.add(FunctionCallStatement(IdentifierReference(listOf("lsr"), assignment.position), mutableListOf(bexpr.left), assignment.position))
+                                    scope.statements.add(FunctionCallStatement(IdentifierReference(listOf("lsr"), assignment.position),
+                                            mutableListOf(bexpr.left), true, assignment.position))
                                     numshifts--
                                 }
                                 optimizationsDone++
@@ -615,7 +559,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
         return super.visit(assignment)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(scope: AnonymousScope): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(scope: AnonymousScope): Statement {
         val linesToRemove = deduplicateAssignments(scope.statements)
         if(linesToRemove.isNotEmpty()) {
             linesToRemove.reversed().forEach{scope.statements.removeAt(it)}
@@ -623,7 +567,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program, private val opti
         return super.visit(scope)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(label: Label): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(label: Label): Statement {
         // remove duplicate labels
         val stmts = label.definingScope().statements
         val startIdx = stmts.indexOf(label)
@@ -644,7 +588,7 @@ internal class FlattenAnonymousScopesAndRemoveNops: IAstVisitor {
         super.visit(program)
         for(scope in scopesToFlatten.reversed()) {
             val namescope = scope.parent as INameScope
-            val idx = namescope.statements.indexOf(scope as IStatement)
+            val idx = namescope.statements.indexOf(scope as Statement)
             if(idx>=0) {
                 val nop = NopStatement.insteadOf(namescope.statements[idx])
                 nop.parent = namescope as Node

compiler/src/prog8/parser/ModuleParsing.kt

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 package prog8.parser
 
 import org.antlr.v4.runtime.*
-import prog8.ast.*
+import prog8.ast.Module
+import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.antlr.toAst
 import prog8.ast.base.Position
 import prog8.ast.base.SyntaxError
 import prog8.ast.base.checkImportedValid
 import prog8.ast.statements.Directive
 import prog8.ast.statements.DirectiveArg
+import prog8.pathFrom
 import java.io.InputStream
 import java.nio.file.Files
 import java.nio.file.Path
@@ -90,18 +92,18 @@ internal fun importModule(program: Program, stream: CharStream, modulePath: Path
 
 private fun discoverImportedModuleFile(name: String, source: Path, position: Position?): Path {
     val fileName = "$name.p8"
-    val locations = mutableListOf(Paths.get(source.parent.toString()))
+    val locations = mutableListOf(source.parent)
 
     val propPath = System.getProperty("prog8.libdir")
     if(propPath!=null)
-        locations.add(Paths.get(propPath))
+        locations.add(pathFrom(propPath))
     val envPath = System.getenv("PROG8_LIBDIR")
     if(envPath!=null)
-        locations.add(Paths.get(envPath))
+        locations.add(pathFrom(envPath))
     locations.add(Paths.get(Paths.get("").toAbsolutePath().toString(), "prog8lib"))
 
     locations.forEach {
-        val file = Paths.get(it.toString(), fileName)
+        val file = pathFrom(it.toString(), fileName)
         if (Files.isReadable(file)) return file
     }
 
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ private fun executeImportDirective(program: Program, import: Directive, source:
     if(existing!=null)
         return null
 
-    val resource = tryGetEmbeddedResource(moduleName+".p8")
+    val resource = tryGetEmbeddedResource("$moduleName.p8")
     val importedModule =
         if(resource!=null) {
             // load the module from the embedded resource

compiler/src/prog8/vm/RuntimeValue.kt

@@ -1,22 +1,30 @@
 package prog8.vm
 
-import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.expressions.LiteralValue
-import prog8.ast.statements.StructDecl
-import prog8.ast.statements.ZeropageWish
-import prog8.compiler.HeapValues
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.Petscii
+import prog8.ast.base.ByteDatatypes
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.base.WordDatatypes
+import prog8.ast.expressions.ArrayLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.expressions.StringLiteralValue
+import prog8.vm.astvm.VmExecutionException
+import java.util.Objects
 import kotlin.math.abs
 import kotlin.math.pow
 
 
 /**
- * Rather than a literal value (LiteralValue) that occurs in the parsed source code,
+ * Rather than a literal value (NumericLiteralValue) that occurs in the parsed source code,
  * this runtime value can be used to *execute* the parsed Ast (or another intermediary form)
  * It contains a value of a variable during run time of the program and provides arithmetic operations on the value.
  */
-open class RuntimeValue(val type: DataType, num: Number?=null, val str: String?=null,
-                        val array: Array<Number>?=null, val heapId: Int?=null) {
+
+abstract class RuntimeValueBase(val type: DataType) {
+    abstract fun numericValue(): Number
+    abstract fun integerValue(): Int
+}
+
+
+class RuntimeValueNumeric(type: DataType, num: Number): RuntimeValueBase(type) {
 
     val byteval: Short?
     val wordval: Int?
@@ -24,107 +32,52 @@ open class RuntimeValue(val type: DataType, num: Number?=null, val str: String?=
     val asBoolean: Boolean
 
     companion object {
-        fun from(literalValue: LiteralValue, heap: HeapValues): RuntimeValue {
-            return when(literalValue.type) {
-                in NumericDatatypes -> RuntimeValue(literalValue.type, num = literalValue.asNumericValue!!)
-                in StringDatatypes -> from(literalValue.heapId!!, heap)
-                in ArrayDatatypes -> from(literalValue.heapId!!, heap)
-                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("weird source value $literalValue")
+        fun fromLv(literalValue: NumericLiteralValue): RuntimeValueNumeric {
+            return RuntimeValueNumeric(literalValue.type, num = literalValue.number)
         }
     }
 
-        fun from(heapId: Int, heap: HeapValues): RuntimeValue {
-            val value = heap.get(heapId)
-            return when {
-                value.type in StringDatatypes ->
-                    RuntimeValue(value.type, str = value.str!!, heapId = heapId)
-                value.type in ArrayDatatypes ->
-                    if (value.type == DataType.ARRAY_F) {
-                        RuntimeValue(value.type, array = value.doubleArray!!.toList().toTypedArray(), heapId = heapId)
-                    } else {
-                        val array = value.array!!
-                        val resultArray = mutableListOf<Number>()
-                        for(elt in array.withIndex()){
-                            if(elt.value.integer!=null)
-                                resultArray.add(elt.value.integer!!)
-                            else {
-                                TODO("ADDRESSOF ${elt.value}")
-                            }
-                        }
-                        RuntimeValue(value.type, array = resultArray.toTypedArray(), heapId = heapId)
-                        //RuntimeValue(value.type, array = array.map { it.integer!! }.toTypedArray(), heapId = heapId)
-                    }
-                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("weird value type on heap $value")
-            }
-        }
-
-    }
-
     init {
         when (type) {
             DataType.UBYTE -> {
-                val inum = num!!.toInt()
-                if(inum !in 0 .. 255)
-                    throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid value for ubyte: $inum")
+                val inum = num.toInt()
+                require(inum in 0..255) { "invalid value for ubyte: $inum" }
                 byteval = inum.toShort()
                 wordval = null
                 floatval = null
                 asBoolean = byteval != 0.toShort()
             }
             DataType.BYTE -> {
-                val inum = num!!.toInt()
-                if(inum !in -128 .. 127)
-                    throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid value for byte: $inum")
+                val inum = num.toInt()
+                require(inum in -128..127) { "invalid value for byte: $inum" }
                 byteval = inum.toShort()
                 wordval = null
                 floatval = null
                 asBoolean = byteval != 0.toShort()
             }
             DataType.UWORD -> {
-                val inum = num!!.toInt()
-                if(inum !in 0 .. 65535)
-                    throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid value for uword: $inum")
+                val inum = num.toInt()
+                require(inum in 0..65535) { "invalid value for uword: $inum" }
                 wordval = inum
                 byteval = null
                 floatval = null
                 asBoolean = wordval != 0
             }
             DataType.WORD -> {
-                val inum = num!!.toInt()
-                if(inum !in -32768 .. 32767)
-                    throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid value for word: $inum")
+                val inum = num.toInt()
+                require(inum in -32768..32767) { "invalid value for word: $inum" }
                 wordval = inum
                 byteval = null
                 floatval = null
                 asBoolean = wordval != 0
             }
             DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                floatval = num!!.toDouble()
+                floatval = num.toDouble()
                 byteval = null
                 wordval = null
                 asBoolean = floatval != 0.0
             }
-            else -> {
-                if(heapId==null)
-                    throw IllegalArgumentException("for non-numeric types, a heapId should be given")
-                byteval = null
-                wordval = null
-                floatval = null
-                asBoolean = true
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun asLiteralValue(): LiteralValue {
-        return when(type) {
-            in ByteDatatypes -> LiteralValue(type, byteval, position = Position("", 0, 0, 0))
-            in WordDatatypes -> LiteralValue(type, wordvalue = wordval, position = Position("", 0, 0, 0))
-            DataType.FLOAT -> LiteralValue(type, floatvalue = floatval, position = Position("", 0, 0, 0))
-            in StringDatatypes -> LiteralValue(type, strvalue = str, position = Position("", 0, 0, 0))
-            in ArrayDatatypes -> LiteralValue(type,
-                    arrayvalue = array?.map { LiteralValue.optimalNumeric(it, Position("", 0, 0, 0)) }?.toTypedArray(),
-                    position = Position("", 0, 0, 0))
-            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("weird source value $this")
+            else -> throw VmExecutionException("not a numeric value")
         }
     }
 
@@ -145,11 +98,11 @@ open class RuntimeValue(val type: DataType, num: Number?=null, val str: String?=
                     "w:%04x".format(wordval)
             }
             DataType.FLOAT -> "f:$floatval"
-            else -> "heap:$heapId"
+            else -> "???"
         }
     }
 
-    fun numericValue(): Number {
+    override fun numericValue(): Number {
         return when (type) {
             in ByteDatatypes -> byteval!!
             in WordDatatypes -> wordval!!
@@ -158,7 +111,7 @@ open class RuntimeValue(val type: DataType, num: Number?=null, val str: String?=
         }
     }
 
-    fun integerValue(): Int {
+    override fun integerValue(): Int {
         return when (type) {
             in ByteDatatypes -> byteval!!.toInt()
             in WordDatatypes -> wordval!!
@@ -167,28 +120,17 @@ open class RuntimeValue(val type: DataType, num: Number?=null, val str: String?=
         }
     }
 
-    override fun hashCode(): Int {
-        val bh = byteval?.hashCode() ?: 0x10001234
-        val wh = wordval?.hashCode() ?: 0x01002345
-        val fh = floatval?.hashCode() ?: 0x00103456
-        return bh xor wh xor fh xor heapId.hashCode() xor type.hashCode()
-    }
+    override fun hashCode(): Int = Objects.hash(byteval, wordval, floatval, type)
 
     override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
-        if(other==null || other !is RuntimeValue)
+        if (other == null || other !is RuntimeValueNumeric)
             return false
-        if(type==other.type)
-            return if (type in IterableDatatypes) heapId==other.heapId else compareTo(other)==0
         return compareTo(other) == 0      // note: datatype doesn't matter
     }
 
-    operator fun compareTo(other: RuntimeValue): Int {
-        return if (type in NumericDatatypes && other.type in NumericDatatypes)
-            numericValue().toDouble().compareTo(other.numericValue().toDouble())
-        else throw ArithmeticException("comparison can only be done between two numeric values")
-    }
+    operator fun compareTo(other: RuntimeValueNumeric): Int = numericValue().toDouble().compareTo(other.numericValue().toDouble())
 
-    private fun arithResult(leftDt: DataType, result: Number, rightDt: DataType, op: String): RuntimeValue {
+    private fun arithResult(leftDt: DataType, result: Number, rightDt: DataType, op: String): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         if (leftDt != rightDt)
             throw ArithmeticException("left and right datatypes are not the same")
         if (result.toDouble() < 0) {
@@ -197,52 +139,52 @@ open class RuntimeValue(val type: DataType, num: Number?=null, val str: String?=
                     // storing a negative number in an unsigned one is done by storing the 2's complement instead
                     val number = abs(result.toDouble().toInt())
                     if (leftDt == DataType.UBYTE)
-                        RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, (number xor 255) + 1)
+                        RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, (number xor 255) + 1)
                     else
-                        RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, (number xor 65535) + 1)
+                        RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, (number xor 65535) + 1)
                 }
                 DataType.BYTE -> {
                     val v = result.toInt() and 255
                     if (v < 128)
-                        RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, v)
+                        RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, v)
                     else
-                        RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, v-256)
+                        RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, v - 256)
                 }
                 DataType.WORD -> {
                     val v = result.toInt() and 65535
                     if (v < 32768)
-                        RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, v)
+                        RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, v)
                     else
-                        RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, v-65536)
+                        RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, v - 65536)
                 }
-                DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, result)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, result)
                 else -> throw ArithmeticException("$op on non-numeric type")
             }
         }
 
         return when (leftDt) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, result.toInt() and 255)
+            DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, result.toInt() and 255)
             DataType.BYTE -> {
                 val v = result.toInt() and 255
                 if (v < 128)
-                    RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, v)
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, v)
                 else
-                    RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, v-256)
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, v - 256)
             }
-            DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, result.toInt() and 65535)
+            DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, result.toInt() and 65535)
             DataType.WORD -> {
                 val v = result.toInt() and 65535
                 if (v < 32768)
-                    RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, v)
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, v)
                 else
-                    RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, v-65536)
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, v - 65536)
             }
-            DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, result)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, result)
             else -> throw ArithmeticException("$op on non-numeric type")
         }
     }
 
-    fun add(other: RuntimeValue): RuntimeValue {
+    fun add(other: RuntimeValueNumeric): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         if (other.type == DataType.FLOAT && (type != DataType.FLOAT))
             throw ArithmeticException("floating point loss of precision on type $type")
         val v1 = numericValue()
@@ -251,7 +193,7 @@ open class RuntimeValue(val type: DataType, num: Number?=null, val str: String?=
         return arithResult(type, result, other.type, "add")
     }
 
-    fun sub(other: RuntimeValue): RuntimeValue {
+    fun sub(other: RuntimeValueNumeric): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         if (other.type == DataType.FLOAT && (type != DataType.FLOAT))
             throw ArithmeticException("floating point loss of precision on type $type")
         val v1 = numericValue()
@@ -260,7 +202,7 @@ open class RuntimeValue(val type: DataType, num: Number?=null, val str: String?=
         return arithResult(type, result, other.type, "sub")
     }
 
-    fun mul(other: RuntimeValue): RuntimeValue {
+    fun mul(other: RuntimeValueNumeric): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         if (other.type == DataType.FLOAT && (type != DataType.FLOAT))
             throw ArithmeticException("floating point loss of precision on type $type")
         val v1 = numericValue()
@@ -269,265 +211,266 @@ open class RuntimeValue(val type: DataType, num: Number?=null, val str: String?=
         return arithResult(type, result, other.type, "mul")
     }
 
-    fun div(other: RuntimeValue): RuntimeValue {
+    fun div(other: RuntimeValueNumeric): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         if (other.type == DataType.FLOAT && (type != DataType.FLOAT))
             throw ArithmeticException("floating point loss of precision on type $type")
         val v1 = numericValue()
         val v2 = other.numericValue()
         if (v2.toDouble() == 0.0) {
             when (type) {
-                DataType.UBYTE -> return RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 255)
-                DataType.BYTE -> return RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 127)
-                DataType.UWORD -> return RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 65535)
-                DataType.WORD -> return RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 32767)
-                else -> {}
+                DataType.UBYTE -> return RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 255)
+                DataType.BYTE -> return RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 127)
+                DataType.UWORD -> return RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 65535)
+                DataType.WORD -> return RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 32767)
+                else -> {
+                }
             }
         }
         val result = v1.toDouble() / v2.toDouble()
         // NOTE: integer division returns integer result!
         return when (type) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, result)
-            DataType.BYTE -> RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, result)
-            DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, result)
-            DataType.WORD -> RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, result)
-            DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, result)
+            DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, result)
+            DataType.BYTE -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, result)
+            DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, result)
+            DataType.WORD -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, result)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, result)
             else -> throw ArithmeticException("div on non-numeric type")
         }
     }
 
-    fun remainder(other: RuntimeValue): RuntimeValue {
+    fun remainder(other: RuntimeValueNumeric): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         val v1 = numericValue()
         val v2 = other.numericValue()
         val result = v1.toDouble() % v2.toDouble()
         return arithResult(type, result, other.type, "remainder")
     }
 
-    fun pow(other: RuntimeValue): RuntimeValue {
+    fun pow(other: RuntimeValueNumeric): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         val v1 = numericValue()
         val v2 = other.numericValue()
         val result = v1.toDouble().pow(v2.toDouble())
         return arithResult(type, result, other.type, "pow")
     }
 
-    fun shl(): RuntimeValue {
+    fun shl(): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         val v = integerValue()
         return when (type) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValue(type, (v shl 1) and 255)
-            DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValue(type, (v shl 1) and 65535)
+            DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValueNumeric(type, (v shl 1) and 255)
+            DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValueNumeric(type, (v shl 1) and 65535)
             DataType.BYTE -> {
                 val value = v shl 1
                 if (value < 128)
-                    RuntimeValue(type, value)
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(type, value)
                 else
-                    RuntimeValue(type, value-256)
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(type, value - 256)
             }
             DataType.WORD -> {
                 val value = v shl 1
                 if (value < 32768)
-                    RuntimeValue(type, value)
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(type, value)
                 else
-                    RuntimeValue(type, value-65536)
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(type, value - 65536)
             }
             else -> throw ArithmeticException("invalid type for shl: $type")
         }
     }
 
-    fun shr(): RuntimeValue {
+    fun shr(): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         val v = integerValue()
         return when (type) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValue(type, v ushr 1)
-            DataType.BYTE -> RuntimeValue(type, v shr 1)
-            DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValue(type, v ushr 1)
-            DataType.WORD -> RuntimeValue(type, v shr 1)
+            DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValueNumeric(type, v ushr 1)
+            DataType.BYTE -> RuntimeValueNumeric(type, v shr 1)
+            DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValueNumeric(type, v ushr 1)
+            DataType.WORD -> RuntimeValueNumeric(type, v shr 1)
             else -> throw ArithmeticException("invalid type for shr: $type")
         }
     }
 
-    fun rol(carry: Boolean): Pair<RuntimeValue, Boolean> {
+    fun rol(carry: Boolean): Pair<RuntimeValueNumeric, Boolean> {
         // 9 or 17 bit rotate left (with carry))
         return when (type) {
             DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
                 val v = byteval!!.toInt()
                 val newCarry = (v and 0x80) != 0
                 val newval = (v and 0x7f shl 1) or (if (carry) 1 else 0)
-                Pair(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, newval), newCarry)
+                Pair(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, newval), newCarry)
             }
             DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> {
                 val v = wordval!!
                 val newCarry = (v and 0x8000) != 0
                 val newval = (v and 0x7fff shl 1) or (if (carry) 1 else 0)
-                Pair(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, newval), newCarry)
+                Pair(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, newval), newCarry)
             }
             else -> throw ArithmeticException("rol can only work on byte/word")
         }
     }
 
-    fun ror(carry: Boolean): Pair<RuntimeValue, Boolean> {
+    fun ror(carry: Boolean): Pair<RuntimeValueNumeric, Boolean> {
         // 9 or 17 bit rotate right (with carry)
         return when (type) {
             DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
                 val v = byteval!!.toInt()
                 val newCarry = v and 1 != 0
                 val newval = (v ushr 1) or (if (carry) 0x80 else 0)
-                Pair(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, newval), newCarry)
+                Pair(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, newval), newCarry)
             }
             DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> {
                 val v = wordval!!
                 val newCarry = v and 1 != 0
                 val newval = (v ushr 1) or (if (carry) 0x8000 else 0)
-                Pair(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, newval), newCarry)
+                Pair(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, newval), newCarry)
             }
             else -> throw ArithmeticException("ror2 can only work on byte/word")
         }
     }
 
-    fun rol2(): RuntimeValue {
+    fun rol2(): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         // 8 or 16 bit rotate left
         return when (type) {
             DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
                 val v = byteval!!.toInt()
                 val carry = (v and 0x80) ushr 7
                 val newval = (v and 0x7f shl 1) or carry
-                RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, newval)
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, newval)
             }
             DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> {
                 val v = wordval!!
                 val carry = (v and 0x8000) ushr 15
                 val newval = (v and 0x7fff shl 1) or carry
-                RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, newval)
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, newval)
             }
             else -> throw ArithmeticException("rol2 can only work on byte/word")
         }
     }
 
-    fun ror2(): RuntimeValue {
+    fun ror2(): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         // 8 or 16 bit rotate right
         return when (type) {
             DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
                 val v = byteval!!.toInt()
                 val carry = v and 1 shl 7
                 val newval = (v ushr 1) or carry
-                RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, newval)
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, newval)
             }
             DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> {
                 val v = wordval!!
                 val carry = v and 1 shl 15
                 val newval = (v ushr 1) or carry
-                RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, newval)
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, newval)
             }
             else -> throw ArithmeticException("ror2 can only work on byte/word")
         }
     }
 
-    fun neg(): RuntimeValue {
+    fun neg(): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         return when (type) {
-            DataType.BYTE -> RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, -(byteval!!))
-            DataType.WORD -> RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, -(wordval!!))
-            DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, -(floatval)!!)
+            DataType.BYTE -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, -(byteval!!))
+            DataType.WORD -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, -(wordval!!))
+            DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, -(floatval)!!)
             else -> throw ArithmeticException("neg can only work on byte/word/float")
         }
     }
 
-    fun abs(): RuntimeValue {
+    fun abs(): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         return when (type) {
-            DataType.BYTE -> RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, abs(byteval!!.toInt()))
-            DataType.WORD -> RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, abs(wordval!!))
-            DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, abs(floatval!!))
+            DataType.BYTE -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, abs(byteval!!.toInt()))
+            DataType.WORD -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, abs(wordval!!))
+            DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, abs(floatval!!))
             else -> throw ArithmeticException("abs can only work on byte/word/float")
         }
     }
 
-    fun bitand(other: RuntimeValue): RuntimeValue {
+    fun bitand(other: RuntimeValueNumeric): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         val v1 = integerValue()
         val v2 = other.integerValue()
         val result = v1 and v2
-        return RuntimeValue(type, result)
+        return RuntimeValueNumeric(type, result)
     }
 
-    fun bitor(other: RuntimeValue): RuntimeValue {
+    fun bitor(other: RuntimeValueNumeric): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         val v1 = integerValue()
         val v2 = other.integerValue()
         val result = v1 or v2
-        return RuntimeValue(type, result)
+        return RuntimeValueNumeric(type, result)
     }
 
-    fun bitxor(other: RuntimeValue): RuntimeValue {
+    fun bitxor(other: RuntimeValueNumeric): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         val v1 = integerValue()
         val v2 = other.integerValue()
         val result = v1 xor v2
-        return RuntimeValue(type, result)
+        return RuntimeValueNumeric(type, result)
     }
 
-    fun and(other: RuntimeValue) = RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, if (this.asBoolean && other.asBoolean) 1 else 0)
-    fun or(other: RuntimeValue) = RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, if (this.asBoolean || other.asBoolean) 1 else 0)
-    fun xor(other: RuntimeValue) = RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, if (this.asBoolean xor other.asBoolean) 1 else 0)
-    fun not() = RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, if (this.asBoolean) 0 else 1)
+    fun and(other: RuntimeValueNumeric) = RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, if (this.asBoolean && other.asBoolean) 1 else 0)
+    fun or(other: RuntimeValueNumeric) = RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, if (this.asBoolean || other.asBoolean) 1 else 0)
+    fun xor(other: RuntimeValueNumeric) = RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, if (this.asBoolean xor other.asBoolean) 1 else 0)
+    fun not() = RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, if (this.asBoolean) 0 else 1)
 
-    fun inv(): RuntimeValue {
+    fun inv(): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         return when (type) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValue(type, byteval!!.toInt().inv() and 255)
-            DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValue(type, wordval!!.inv() and 65535)
-            DataType.BYTE -> RuntimeValue(type, byteval!!.toInt().inv())
-            DataType.WORD -> RuntimeValue(type, wordval!!.inv())
+            DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValueNumeric(type, byteval!!.toInt().inv() and 255)
+            DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValueNumeric(type, wordval!!.inv() and 65535)
+            DataType.BYTE -> RuntimeValueNumeric(type, byteval!!.toInt().inv())
+            DataType.WORD -> RuntimeValueNumeric(type, wordval!!.inv())
             else -> throw ArithmeticException("inv can only work on byte/word")
         }
     }
 
-    fun inc(): RuntimeValue {
+    fun inc(): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         return when (type) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValue(type, (byteval!! + 1) and 255)
-            DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValue(type, (wordval!! + 1) and 65535)
+            DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValueNumeric(type, (byteval!! + 1) and 255)
+            DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValueNumeric(type, (wordval!! + 1) and 65535)
             DataType.BYTE -> {
                 val newval = byteval!! + 1
                 if (newval == 128)
-                    RuntimeValue(type, -128)
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(type, -128)
                 else
-                    RuntimeValue(type, newval)
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(type, newval)
             }
             DataType.WORD -> {
                 val newval = wordval!! + 1
                 if (newval == 32768)
-                    RuntimeValue(type, -32768)
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(type, -32768)
                 else
-                    RuntimeValue(type, newval)
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(type, newval)
             }
-            DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatval!! + 1)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, floatval!! + 1)
             else -> throw ArithmeticException("inc can only work on numeric types")
         }
     }
 
-    fun dec(): RuntimeValue {
+    fun dec(): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         return when (type) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValue(type, (byteval!! - 1) and 255)
-            DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValue(type, (wordval!! - 1) and 65535)
+            DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValueNumeric(type, (byteval!! - 1) and 255)
+            DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValueNumeric(type, (wordval!! - 1) and 65535)
             DataType.BYTE -> {
                 val newval = byteval!! - 1
                 if (newval == -129)
-                    RuntimeValue(type, 127)
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(type, 127)
                 else
-                    RuntimeValue(type, newval)
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(type, newval)
             }
             DataType.WORD -> {
                 val newval = wordval!! - 1
                 if (newval == -32769)
-                    RuntimeValue(type, 32767)
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(type, 32767)
                 else
-                    RuntimeValue(type, newval)
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(type, newval)
             }
-            DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatval!! - 1)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, floatval!! - 1)
             else -> throw ArithmeticException("dec can only work on numeric types")
         }
     }
 
-    fun msb(): RuntimeValue {
+    fun msb(): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         return when (type) {
-            in ByteDatatypes -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0)
-            in WordDatatypes -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, wordval!! ushr 8 and 255)
+            in ByteDatatypes -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 0)
+            in WordDatatypes -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, wordval!! ushr 8 and 255)
             else -> throw ArithmeticException("msb can only work on (u)byte/(u)word")
         }
     }
 
-    fun cast(targetType: DataType): RuntimeValue {
+    fun cast(targetType: DataType): RuntimeValueNumeric {
         return when (type) {
             DataType.UBYTE -> {
                 when (targetType) {
@@ -535,29 +478,29 @@ open class RuntimeValue(val type: DataType, num: Number?=null, val str: String?=
                     DataType.BYTE -> {
                         val nval = byteval!!.toInt()
                         if (nval < 128)
-                            RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, nval)
+                            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, nval)
                         else
-                            RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, nval-256)
+                            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, nval - 256)
                     }
-                    DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, numericValue())
+                    DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, numericValue())
                     DataType.WORD -> {
                         val nval = numericValue().toInt()
                         if (nval < 32768)
-                            RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, nval)
+                            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, nval)
                         else
-                            RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, nval-65536)
+                            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, nval - 65536)
                     }
-                    DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, numericValue())
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, numericValue())
                     else -> throw ArithmeticException("invalid type cast from $type to $targetType")
                 }
             }
             DataType.BYTE -> {
                 when (targetType) {
                     DataType.BYTE -> this
-                    DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, integerValue() and 255)
-                    DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, integerValue() and 65535)
-                    DataType.WORD -> RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, integerValue())
-                    DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, numericValue())
+                    DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, integerValue() and 255)
+                    DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, integerValue() and 65535)
+                    DataType.WORD -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, integerValue())
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, numericValue())
                     else -> throw ArithmeticException("invalid type cast from $type to $targetType")
                 }
             }
@@ -566,20 +509,20 @@ open class RuntimeValue(val type: DataType, num: Number?=null, val str: String?=
                     DataType.BYTE -> {
                         val v = integerValue()
                         if (v < 128)
-                            RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, v)
+                            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, v)
                         else
-                            RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, v-256)
+                            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, v - 256)
                     }
-                    DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, integerValue() and 255)
+                    DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, integerValue() and 255)
                     DataType.UWORD -> this
                     DataType.WORD -> {
                         val v = integerValue()
                         if (v < 32768)
-                            RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, v)
+                            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, v)
                         else
-                            RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, v-65536)
+                            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, v - 65536)
                     }
-                    DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, numericValue())
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, numericValue())
                     else -> throw ArithmeticException("invalid type cast from $type to $targetType")
                 }
             }
@@ -588,14 +531,14 @@ open class RuntimeValue(val type: DataType, num: Number?=null, val str: String?=
                     DataType.BYTE -> {
                         val v = integerValue() and 255
                         if (v < 128)
-                            RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, v)
+                            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, v)
                         else
-                            RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, v-256)
+                            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, v - 256)
                     }
-                    DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, integerValue() and 65535)
-                    DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, integerValue())
+                    DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, integerValue() and 65535)
+                    DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, integerValue())
                     DataType.WORD -> this
-                    DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, numericValue())
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, numericValue())
                     else -> throw ArithmeticException("invalid type cast from $type to $targetType")
                 }
             }
@@ -604,16 +547,16 @@ open class RuntimeValue(val type: DataType, num: Number?=null, val str: String?=
                     DataType.BYTE -> {
                         val integer = numericValue().toInt()
                         if (integer in -128..127)
-                            RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, integer)
+                            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, integer)
                         else
                             throw ArithmeticException("overflow when casting float to byte: $this")
                     }
-                    DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, numericValue().toInt())
-                    DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, numericValue().toInt())
+                    DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, numericValue().toInt())
+                    DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, numericValue().toInt())
                     DataType.WORD -> {
                         val integer = numericValue().toInt()
                         if (integer in -32768..32767)
-                            RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, integer)
+                            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, integer)
                         else
                             throw ArithmeticException("overflow when casting float to word: $this")
                     }
@@ -624,22 +567,91 @@ open class RuntimeValue(val type: DataType, num: Number?=null, val str: String?=
             else -> throw ArithmeticException("invalid type cast from $type to $targetType")
         }
     }
+}
 
-    open fun iterator(): Iterator<Number> {
+
+class RuntimeValueString(val str: String, val heapId: Int?): RuntimeValueBase(DataType.STR) {
+    companion object {
+        fun fromLv(string: StringLiteralValue): RuntimeValueString {
+            return RuntimeValueString(string.value, string.heapId)
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun toString(): String = if(type==DataType.STR) "str:$str"  else "???"
+
+    override fun hashCode(): Int = Objects.hash(type, str)
+
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
+        if (other == null || other !is RuntimeValueString)
+            return false
+        return type == other.type && str == other.str
+    }
+
+    fun iterator(): Iterator<Number> = str.map { it.toShort() }.iterator()
+
+    override fun numericValue(): Number {
+        throw VmExecutionException("string is not a number")
+    }
+
+    override fun integerValue(): Int {
+        throw VmExecutionException("string is not a number")
+    }
+}
+
+
+open class RuntimeValueArray(type: DataType, val array: Array<Number>, val heapId: Int?): RuntimeValueBase(type) {
+
+    companion object {
+        fun fromLv(array: ArrayLiteralValue): RuntimeValueArray {
+            return if (array.type == DataType.ARRAY_F) {
+                val doubleArray = array.value.map { (it as NumericLiteralValue).number }.toTypedArray()
+                RuntimeValueArray(array.type, doubleArray, array.heapId)
+            } else {
+                val resultArray = mutableListOf<Number>()
+                for (elt in array.value.withIndex()) {
+                    if (elt.value is NumericLiteralValue)
+                        resultArray.add((elt.value as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt())
+                    else {
+                        resultArray.add((elt.hashCode()))  // ...poor man's implementation of ADDRESSOF(array), it probably won't work very well
+                    }
+                }
+                RuntimeValueArray(array.type, resultArray.toTypedArray(), array.heapId)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun toString(): String {
         return when (type) {
-            in StringDatatypes -> {
-                Petscii.encodePetscii(str!!, true).iterator()
+            DataType.ARRAY_UB -> "array_ub:..."
+            DataType.ARRAY_B -> "array_b:..."
+            DataType.ARRAY_UW -> "array_uw:..."
+            DataType.ARRAY_W -> "array_w:..."
+            DataType.ARRAY_F -> "array_f:..."
+            else -> "???"
         }
-            in ArrayDatatypes -> {
-                array!!.iterator()
     }
-            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("cannot iterate over $this")
+
+    override fun hashCode(): Int = Objects.hash(type, array)
+
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
+        if (other == null || other !is RuntimeValueArray)
+            return false
+        return type == other.type && array.contentEquals(other.array)
     }
+
+    open fun iterator(): Iterator<Number> = array.iterator()
+
+    override fun numericValue(): Number {
+        throw VmExecutionException("array is not a number")
+    }
+
+    override fun integerValue(): Int {
+        throw VmExecutionException("array is not a number")
     }
 }
 
 
-class RuntimeValueRange(type: DataType, val range: IntProgression): RuntimeValue(type, 0) {
+class RuntimeValueRange(type: DataType, val range: IntProgression): RuntimeValueArray(type, range.toList().toTypedArray(), null) {
     override fun iterator(): Iterator<Number> {
         return range.iterator()
     }

compiler/src/prog8/vm/astvm/AstVm.kt

@@ -1,18 +1,16 @@
 package prog8.vm.astvm
 
-import prog8.ast.*
+import prog8.ast.INameScope
+import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.base.initvarsSubName
+import prog8.ast.expressions.Expression
 import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
-import prog8.ast.expressions.LiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.MachineDefinition
-import prog8.vm.RuntimeValue
-import prog8.vm.RuntimeValueRange
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.Petscii
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition
+import prog8.vm.*
 import java.awt.EventQueue
-import java.io.CharConversionException
-import java.util.*
+import java.util.ArrayDeque
 import kotlin.NoSuchElementException
 import kotlin.concurrent.fixedRateTimer
 import kotlin.math.*
@@ -32,31 +30,31 @@ class StatusFlags {
     var negative: Boolean = false
     var irqd: Boolean = false
 
-    private fun setFlags(value: LiteralValue?) {
+    private fun setFlags(value: NumericLiteralValue?) {
         if (value != null) {
             when (value.type) {
                 DataType.UBYTE -> {
-                    val v = value.bytevalue!!.toInt()
+                    val v = value.number.toInt()
                     negative = v > 127
                     zero = v == 0
                 }
                 DataType.BYTE -> {
-                    val v = value.bytevalue!!.toInt()
+                    val v = value.number.toInt()
                     negative = v < 0
                     zero = v == 0
                 }
                 DataType.UWORD -> {
-                    val v = value.wordvalue!!
+                    val v = value.number.toInt()
                     negative = v > 32767
                     zero = v == 0
                 }
                 DataType.WORD -> {
-                    val v = value.wordvalue!!
+                    val v = value.number.toInt()
                     negative = v < 0
                     zero = v == 0
                 }
                 DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                    val flt = value.floatvalue!!
+                    val flt = value.number.toDouble()
                     negative = flt < 0.0
                     zero = flt == 0.0
                 }
@@ -70,10 +68,14 @@ class StatusFlags {
 
 
 class RuntimeVariables {
-    fun define(scope: INameScope, name: String, initialValue: RuntimeValue) {
+    fun define(scope: INameScope, name: String, initialValue: RuntimeValueBase) {
         val where = vars.getValue(scope)
         where[name] = initialValue
         vars[scope] = where
+        if(initialValue is RuntimeValueString)
+            byHeapId[initialValue.heapId!!] = initialValue
+        else if(initialValue is RuntimeValueArray)
+            byHeapId[initialValue.heapId!!] = initialValue
     }
 
     fun defineMemory(scope: INameScope, name: String, address: Int) {
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ class RuntimeVariables {
         memvars[scope] = where
     }
 
-    fun set(scope: INameScope, name: String, value: RuntimeValue) {
+    fun set(scope: INameScope, name: String, value: RuntimeValueBase) {
         val where = vars.getValue(scope)
         val existing = where[name]
         if(existing==null) {
@@ -94,9 +96,15 @@ class RuntimeVariables {
             throw VmExecutionException("new value is of different datatype ${value.type} expected ${existing.type} for $name")
         where[name] = value
         vars[scope] = where
+        if(value is RuntimeValueString)
+            byHeapId[value.heapId!!] = value
+        else if(value is RuntimeValueArray)
+            byHeapId[value.heapId!!] = value
     }
 
-    fun get(scope: INameScope, name: String): RuntimeValue {
+    fun getByHeapId(heapId: Int): RuntimeValueBase = byHeapId.getValue(heapId)
+
+    fun get(scope: INameScope, name: String): RuntimeValueBase {
         val where = vars.getValue(scope)
         return where[name] ?: throw NoSuchElementException("no such runtime variable: ${scope.name}.$name")
     }
@@ -106,8 +114,6 @@ class RuntimeVariables {
         return where[name] ?: throw NoSuchElementException("no such runtime memory-variable: ${scope.name}.$name")
     }
 
-    fun swap(a1: VarDecl, a2: VarDecl) = swap(a1.definingScope(), a1.name, a2.definingScope(), a2.name)
-
     fun swap(scope1: INameScope, name1: String, scope2: INameScope, name2: String) {
         val v1 = get(scope1, name1)
         val v2 = get(scope2, name2)
@@ -115,12 +121,13 @@ class RuntimeVariables {
         set(scope2, name2, v1)
     }
 
-    private val vars = mutableMapOf<INameScope, MutableMap<String, RuntimeValue>>().withDefault { mutableMapOf() }
+    private val vars = mutableMapOf<INameScope, MutableMap<String, RuntimeValueBase>>().withDefault { mutableMapOf() }
     private val memvars = mutableMapOf<INameScope, MutableMap<String, Int>>().withDefault { mutableMapOf() }
+    private val byHeapId = mutableMapOf<Int, RuntimeValueBase>()
 }
 
 
-class AstVm(val program: Program) {
+class AstVm(val program: Program, compilationTarget: String) {
 
     val mem = Memory(::memread, ::memwrite)
     val statusflags = StatusFlags()
@@ -131,13 +138,15 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
     var rtcOffset = bootTime
 
     private val rnd = Random(0)
-    private val statusFlagsSave = Stack<StatusFlags>()
-    private val registerXsave = Stack<RuntimeValue>()
-    private val registerYsave = Stack<RuntimeValue>()
-    private val registerAsave = Stack<RuntimeValue>()
+    private val statusFlagsSave = ArrayDeque<StatusFlags>()
+    private val registerXsave = ArrayDeque<RuntimeValueNumeric>()
+    private val registerYsave = ArrayDeque<RuntimeValueNumeric>()
+    private val registerAsave = ArrayDeque<RuntimeValueNumeric>()
 
 
     init {
+        require(compilationTarget == "c64") {"using the AstVm only works for the C64 compiler target"}
+
         // observe the jiffyclock and screen matrix
         mem.observe(0xa0, 0xa1, 0xa2)
         for(i in 1024..2023)
@@ -164,23 +173,23 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
     fun memwrite(address: Int, value: Short): Short {
         if(address==0xa0 || address==0xa1 || address==0xa2) {
             // a write to the jiffy clock, update the clock offset for the irq
-            val time_hi = if(address==0xa0) value else mem.getUByte_DMA(0xa0)
-            val time_mid = if(address==0xa1) value else mem.getUByte_DMA(0xa1)
-            val time_lo = if(address==0xa2) value else mem.getUByte_DMA(0xa2)
-            val jiffies = (time_hi.toInt() shl 16) + (time_mid.toInt() shl 8) + time_lo
+            val timeHi = if(address==0xa0) value else mem.getUByteDirectly(0xa0)
+            val timeMid = if(address==0xa1) value else mem.getUByteDirectly(0xa1)
+            val timeLo = if(address==0xa2) value else mem.getUByteDirectly(0xa2)
+            val jiffies = (timeHi.toInt() shl 16) + (timeMid.toInt() shl 8) + timeLo
             rtcOffset = bootTime - (jiffies*1000/60)
         }
         if(address in 1024..2023) {
             // write to the screen matrix
             val scraddr = address-1024
-            dialog.canvas.setChar(scraddr % 40, scraddr / 40, value, 1)
+            dialog.canvas.setScreenChar(scraddr % 40, scraddr / 40, value, 1)
         }
         return value
     }
 
     fun run() {
         try {
-            val init = VariablesCreator(runtimeVariables, program.heap)
+            val init = VariablesCreator(runtimeVariables)
             init.visit(program)
 
             // initialize all global variables
@@ -229,7 +238,7 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
                     }
                 }
             }
-            dialog.canvas.printText("\n<program ended>", true)
+            dialog.canvas.printAsciiText("\n<program ended>")
             println("PROGRAM EXITED!")
             dialog.title = "PROGRAM EXITED"
         } catch (tx: VmTerminationException) {
@@ -251,9 +260,9 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
             rtcOffset = timeStamp
         }
         // update the C-64 60hz jiffy clock in the ZP addresses:
-        mem.setUByte_DMA(0x00a0, (jiffies ushr 16).toShort())
-        mem.setUByte_DMA(0x00a1, (jiffies ushr 8 and 255).toShort())
-        mem.setUByte_DMA(0x00a2, (jiffies and 255).toShort())
+        mem.setUByteDirectly(0x00a0, (jiffies ushr 16).toShort())
+        mem.setUByteDirectly(0x00a1, (jiffies ushr 8 and 255).toShort())
+        mem.setUByteDirectly(0x00a2, (jiffies and 255).toShort())
     }
 
     private val runtimeVariables = RuntimeVariables()
@@ -261,11 +270,11 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
 
     class LoopControlBreak : Exception()
     class LoopControlContinue : Exception()
-    class LoopControlReturn(val returnvalue: RuntimeValue?) : Exception()
+    class LoopControlReturn(val returnvalue: RuntimeValueNumeric?) : Exception()
     class LoopControlJump(val identifier: IdentifierReference?, val address: Int?, val generatedLabel: String?) : Exception()
 
 
-    internal fun executeSubroutine(sub: Subroutine, arguments: List<RuntimeValue>, startAtLabel: Label?=null): RuntimeValue? {
+    internal fun executeSubroutine(sub: Subroutine, arguments: List<RuntimeValueNumeric>, startAtLabel: Label?=null): RuntimeValueNumeric? {
         if(sub.isAsmSubroutine) {
             return performSyscall(sub, arguments)
         }
@@ -312,7 +321,7 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
     }
 
 
-    private fun executeStatement(sub: INameScope, stmt: IStatement) {
+    private fun executeStatement(sub: INameScope, stmt: Statement) {
         instructionCounter++
         if (instructionCounter % 200 == 0)
             Thread.sleep(1)
@@ -330,10 +339,9 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
                 // should have been defined already when the program started
             }
             is FunctionCallStatement -> {
-                val target = stmt.target.targetStatement(program.namespace)
-                when (target) {
+                when (val target = stmt.target.targetStatement(program.namespace)) {
                     is Subroutine -> {
-                        val args = evaluate(stmt.arglist)
+                        val args = evaluate(stmt.args).map { it as RuntimeValueNumeric }
                         if (target.isAsmSubroutine) {
                             performSyscall(target, args)
                         } else {
@@ -346,7 +354,7 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
                             // swap cannot be implemented as a function, so inline it here
                             executeSwap(stmt)
                         } else {
-                            val args = evaluate(stmt.arglist)
+                            val args = evaluate(stmt.args)
                             performBuiltinFunction(target.name, args, statusflags)
                         }
                     }
@@ -360,7 +368,7 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
                         if(stmt.value==null)
                             null
                         else
-                            evaluate(stmt.value!!, evalCtx)
+                            evaluate(stmt.value!!, evalCtx) as RuntimeValueNumeric
                 throw LoopControlReturn(value)
             }
             is Continue -> throw LoopControlContinue()
@@ -378,19 +386,19 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
                         val identScope = ident.definingScope()
                         when(ident.type){
                             VarDeclType.VAR -> {
-                                var value = runtimeVariables.get(identScope, ident.name)
-                                value = when {
-                                    stmt.operator == "++" -> value.add(RuntimeValue(value.type, 1))
-                                    stmt.operator == "--" -> value.sub(RuntimeValue(value.type, 1))
+                                var value = runtimeVariables.get(identScope, ident.name) as RuntimeValueNumeric
+                                value = when (stmt.operator) {
+                                    "++" -> value.add(RuntimeValueNumeric(value.type, 1))
+                                    "--" -> value.sub(RuntimeValueNumeric(value.type, 1))
                                     else -> throw VmExecutionException("strange postincdec operator $stmt")
                                 }
                                 runtimeVariables.set(identScope, ident.name, value)
                             }
                             VarDeclType.MEMORY -> {
-                                val addr=ident.value!!.constValue(program)!!.asIntegerValue!!
-                                val newval = when {
-                                    stmt.operator == "++" -> mem.getUByte(addr)+1 and 255
-                                    stmt.operator == "--" -> mem.getUByte(addr)-1 and 255
+                                val addr=ident.value!!.constValue(program)!!.number.toInt()
+                                val newval = when (stmt.operator) {
+                                    "++" -> mem.getUByte(addr)+1 and 255
+                                    "--" -> mem.getUByte(addr)-1 and 255
                                     else -> throw VmExecutionException("strange postincdec operator $stmt")
                                 }
                                 mem.setUByte(addr,newval.toShort())
@@ -399,32 +407,34 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
                         }
                     }
                     stmt.target.memoryAddress != null -> {
-                        val addr = evaluate(stmt.target.memoryAddress!!.addressExpression, evalCtx).integerValue()
-                        val newval = when {
-                            stmt.operator == "++" -> mem.getUByte(addr)+1 and 255
-                            stmt.operator == "--" -> mem.getUByte(addr)-1 and 255
+                        val addr = (evaluate(stmt.target.memoryAddress!!.addressExpression, evalCtx) as RuntimeValueNumeric).integerValue()
+                        val newval = when (stmt.operator) {
+                            "++" -> mem.getUByte(addr)+1 and 255
+                            "--" -> mem.getUByte(addr)-1 and 255
                             else -> throw VmExecutionException("strange postincdec operator $stmt")
                         }
                         mem.setUByte(addr,newval.toShort())
                     }
                     stmt.target.arrayindexed != null -> {
                         val arrayvar = stmt.target.arrayindexed!!.identifier.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
-                        val arrayvalue = runtimeVariables.get(arrayvar.definingScope(), arrayvar.name)
-                        val elementType = stmt.target.arrayindexed!!.inferType(program)!!
-                        val index = evaluate(stmt.target.arrayindexed!!.arrayspec.index, evalCtx).integerValue()
-                        var value = RuntimeValue(elementType, arrayvalue.array!![index].toInt())
-                        when {
-                            stmt.operator == "++" -> value=value.inc()
-                            stmt.operator == "--" -> value=value.dec()
+                        val arrayvalue = runtimeVariables.get(arrayvar.definingScope(), arrayvar.name) as RuntimeValueArray
+                        val index = (evaluate(stmt.target.arrayindexed!!.arrayspec.index, evalCtx) as RuntimeValueNumeric).integerValue()
+                        val elementType = stmt.target.arrayindexed!!.inferType(program)
+                        if(!elementType.isKnown)
+                            throw VmExecutionException("unknown/void elt type")
+                        var value = RuntimeValueNumeric(elementType.typeOrElse(DataType.BYTE), arrayvalue.array[index].toInt())
+                        value = when (stmt.operator) {
+                            "++" -> value.inc()
+                            "--" -> value.dec()
                             else -> throw VmExecutionException("strange postincdec operator $stmt")
                         }
                         arrayvalue.array[index] = value.numericValue()
                     }
                     stmt.target.register != null -> {
-                        var value = runtimeVariables.get(program.namespace, stmt.target.register!!.name)
-                        value = when {
-                            stmt.operator == "++" -> value.add(RuntimeValue(value.type, 1))
-                            stmt.operator == "--" -> value.sub(RuntimeValue(value.type, 1))
+                        var value = runtimeVariables.get(program.namespace, stmt.target.register!!.name) as RuntimeValueNumeric
+                        value = when (stmt.operator) {
+                            "++" -> value.add(RuntimeValueNumeric(value.type, 1))
+                            "--" -> value.sub(RuntimeValueNumeric(value.type, 1))
                             else -> throw VmExecutionException("strange postincdec operator $stmt")
                         }
                         runtimeVariables.set(program.namespace, stmt.target.register!!.name, value)
@@ -435,7 +445,7 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
             is Jump -> throw LoopControlJump(stmt.identifier, stmt.address, stmt.generatedLabel)
             is InlineAssembly -> {
                 if (sub is Subroutine) {
-                    val args = sub.parameters.map { runtimeVariables.get(sub, it.name) }
+                    val args = sub.parameters.map { runtimeVariables.get(sub, it.name) as RuntimeValueNumeric }
                     performSyscall(sub, args)
                     throw LoopControlReturn(null)
                 }
@@ -443,7 +453,7 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
             }
             is AnonymousScope -> executeAnonymousScope(stmt)
             is IfStatement -> {
-                val condition = evaluate(stmt.condition, evalCtx)
+                val condition = evaluate(stmt.condition, evalCtx) as RuntimeValueNumeric
                 if (condition.asBoolean)
                     executeAnonymousScope(stmt.truepart)
                 else
@@ -470,10 +480,17 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
                     loopvarDt = DataType.UBYTE
                     loopvar = IdentifierReference(listOf(stmt.loopRegister.name), stmt.position)
                 } else {
-                    loopvarDt = stmt.loopVar!!.inferType(program)!!
-                    loopvar = stmt.loopVar
+                    val dt = stmt.loopVar!!.inferType(program)
+                    loopvarDt = dt.typeOrElse(DataType.UBYTE)
+                    loopvar = stmt.loopVar!!
+                }
+                val iterator =
+                        when (iterable) {
+                            is RuntimeValueRange -> iterable.iterator()
+                            is RuntimeValueArray -> iterable.iterator()
+                            is RuntimeValueString -> iterable.iterator()
+                            else -> throw VmExecutionException("not iterable")
                         }
-                val iterator = iterable.iterator()
                 for (loopvalue in iterator) {
                     try {
                         oneForCycle(stmt, loopvarDt, loopvalue, loopvar)
@@ -485,11 +502,11 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
                 }
             }
             is WhileLoop -> {
-                var condition = evaluate(stmt.condition, evalCtx)
+                var condition = evaluate(stmt.condition, evalCtx) as RuntimeValueNumeric
                 while (condition.asBoolean) {
                     try {
                         executeAnonymousScope(stmt.body)
-                        condition = evaluate(stmt.condition, evalCtx)
+                        condition = evaluate(stmt.condition, evalCtx) as RuntimeValueNumeric
                     } catch (b: LoopControlBreak) {
                         break
                     } catch (c: LoopControlContinue) {
@@ -499,7 +516,7 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
             }
             is RepeatLoop -> {
                 do {
-                    val condition = evaluate(stmt.untilCondition, evalCtx)
+                    val condition = evaluate(stmt.untilCondition, evalCtx) as RuntimeValueNumeric
                     try {
                         executeAnonymousScope(stmt.body)
                     } catch (b: LoopControlBreak) {
@@ -510,15 +527,15 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
                 } while (!condition.asBoolean)
             }
             is WhenStatement -> {
-                val condition=evaluate(stmt.condition, evalCtx)
+                val condition=evaluate(stmt.condition, evalCtx) as RuntimeValueNumeric
                 for(choice in stmt.choices) {
                     if(choice.values==null) {
                         // the 'else' choice
                         executeAnonymousScope(choice.statements)
                         break
                     } else {
-                        val value = choice.values.single().constValue(evalCtx.program) ?: throw VmExecutionException("can only use const values in when choices ${choice.position}")
-                        val rtval = RuntimeValue.from(value, evalCtx.program.heap)
+                        val value = choice.values!!.single().constValue(evalCtx.program) ?: throw VmExecutionException("can only use const values in when choices ${choice.position}")
+                        val rtval = RuntimeValueNumeric.fromLv(value)
                         if(condition==rtval) {
                             executeAnonymousScope(choice.statements)
                             break
@@ -533,8 +550,8 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
     }
 
     private fun executeSwap(swap: FunctionCallStatement) {
-        val v1 = swap.arglist[0]
-        val v2 = swap.arglist[1]
+        val v1 = swap.args[0]
+        val v2 = swap.args[1]
         val value1 = evaluate(v1, evalCtx)
         val value2 = evaluate(v2, evalCtx)
         val target1 = AssignTarget.fromExpr(v1)
@@ -543,35 +560,36 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
         performAssignment(target2, value1, swap, evalCtx)
     }
 
-    fun performAssignment(target: AssignTarget, value: RuntimeValue, contextStmt: IStatement, evalCtx: EvalContext) {
+    fun performAssignment(target: AssignTarget, value: RuntimeValueBase, contextStmt: Statement, evalCtx: EvalContext) {
+        val targetIdent = target.identifier
+        val targetArrayIndexed = target.arrayindexed
         when {
-            target.identifier != null -> {
-                val decl = contextStmt.definingScope().lookup(target.identifier.nameInSource, contextStmt) as? VarDecl
-                        ?: throw VmExecutionException("can't find assignment target ${target.identifier}")
+            targetIdent != null -> {
+                val decl = contextStmt.definingScope().lookup(targetIdent.nameInSource, contextStmt) as? VarDecl
+                        ?: throw VmExecutionException("can't find assignment target $targetIdent")
                 if (decl.type == VarDeclType.MEMORY) {
                     val address = runtimeVariables.getMemoryAddress(decl.definingScope(), decl.name)
                     when (decl.datatype) {
-                        DataType.UBYTE -> mem.setUByte(address, value.byteval!!)
-                        DataType.BYTE -> mem.setSByte(address, value.byteval!!)
-                        DataType.UWORD -> mem.setUWord(address, value.wordval!!)
-                        DataType.WORD -> mem.setSWord(address, value.wordval!!)
-                        DataType.FLOAT -> mem.setFloat(address, value.floatval!!)
-                        DataType.STR -> mem.setString(address, value.str!!)
-                        DataType.STR_S -> mem.setScreencodeString(address, value.str!!)
+                        DataType.UBYTE -> mem.setUByte(address, (value as RuntimeValueNumeric).byteval!!)
+                        DataType.BYTE -> mem.setSByte(address, (value as RuntimeValueNumeric).byteval!!)
+                        DataType.UWORD -> mem.setUWord(address, (value as RuntimeValueNumeric).wordval!!)
+                        DataType.WORD -> mem.setSWord(address, (value as RuntimeValueNumeric).wordval!!)
+                        DataType.FLOAT -> mem.setFloat(address, (value as RuntimeValueNumeric).floatval!!)
+                        DataType.STR -> mem.setString(address, (value as RuntimeValueString).str)
                         else -> throw VmExecutionException("weird memaddress type $decl")
                     }
                 } else
                     runtimeVariables.set(decl.definingScope(), decl.name, value)
             }
             target.memoryAddress != null -> {
-                val address = evaluate(target.memoryAddress!!.addressExpression, evalCtx).wordval!!
-                evalCtx.mem.setUByte(address, value.byteval!!)
+                val address = (evaluate(target.memoryAddress.addressExpression, evalCtx) as RuntimeValueNumeric).wordval!!
+                evalCtx.mem.setUByte(address, (value as RuntimeValueNumeric).byteval!!)
             }
-            target.arrayindexed != null -> {
-                val vardecl = target.arrayindexed.identifier.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+            targetArrayIndexed != null -> {
+                val vardecl = targetArrayIndexed.identifier.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
                 if(vardecl.type==VarDeclType.VAR) {
-                    val array = evaluate(target.arrayindexed.identifier, evalCtx)
-                    val index = evaluate(target.arrayindexed.arrayspec.index, evalCtx)
+                    val array = evaluate(targetArrayIndexed.identifier, evalCtx)
+                    val index = evaluate(targetArrayIndexed.arrayspec.index, evalCtx) as RuntimeValueNumeric
                     when (array.type) {
                         DataType.ARRAY_UB -> {
                             if (value.type != DataType.UBYTE)
@@ -593,35 +611,37 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
                             if (value.type != DataType.FLOAT)
                                 throw VmExecutionException("new value is of different datatype ${value.type} for $array")
                         }
-                        DataType.STR, DataType.STR_S -> {
+                        DataType.STR -> {
                             if (value.type !in ByteDatatypes)
                                 throw VmExecutionException("new value is of different datatype ${value.type} for $array")
                         }
                         else -> throw VmExecutionException("strange array type ${array.type}")
                     }
                     if (array.type in ArrayDatatypes)
-                        array.array!![index.integerValue()] = value.numericValue()
-                    else if (array.type in StringDatatypes) {
+                        (array as RuntimeValueArray).array[index.integerValue()] = value.numericValue()
+                    else if (array.type == DataType.STR) {
                         val indexInt = index.integerValue()
-                        val newchr = Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(value.numericValue().toShort()), true)
-                        val newstr = array.str!!.replaceRange(indexInt, indexInt + 1, newchr)
-                        val ident = contextStmt.definingScope().lookup(target.arrayindexed.identifier.nameInSource, contextStmt) as? VarDecl
+                        val newchr = value.numericValue().toChar().toString()
+                        val newstr = (array as RuntimeValueString).str.replaceRange(indexInt, indexInt + 1, newchr)
+                        val ident = contextStmt.definingScope().lookup(targetArrayIndexed.identifier.nameInSource, contextStmt) as? VarDecl
                                 ?: throw VmExecutionException("can't find assignment target ${target.identifier}")
                         val identScope = ident.definingScope()
-                        program.heap.update(array.heapId!!, newstr)
-                        runtimeVariables.set(identScope, ident.name, RuntimeValue(array.type, str = newstr, heapId = array.heapId))
+                        runtimeVariables.set(identScope, ident.name, RuntimeValueString(newstr, array.heapId))
                     }
                 }
                 else {
-                    val address = (vardecl.value as LiteralValue).asIntegerValue!!
-                    val index = evaluate(target.arrayindexed.arrayspec.index, evalCtx).integerValue()
-                    val elementType = target.arrayindexed.inferType(program)!!
-                    when(elementType) {
+                    value as RuntimeValueNumeric
+                    val address = (vardecl.value as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt()
+                    val index = (evaluate(targetArrayIndexed.arrayspec.index, evalCtx) as RuntimeValueNumeric).integerValue()
+                    val elementType = targetArrayIndexed.inferType(program)
+                    if(!elementType.isKnown)
+                        throw VmExecutionException("unknown/void array elt type $targetArrayIndexed")
+                    when(elementType.typeOrElse(DataType.UBYTE)) {
                         DataType.UBYTE -> mem.setUByte(address+index, value.byteval!!)
                         DataType.BYTE -> mem.setSByte(address+index, value.byteval!!)
                         DataType.UWORD -> mem.setUWord(address+index*2, value.wordval!!)
                         DataType.WORD -> mem.setSWord(address+index*2, value.wordval!!)
-                        DataType.FLOAT -> mem.setFloat(address+index* MachineDefinition.Mflpt5.MemorySize, value.floatval!!)
+                        DataType.FLOAT -> mem.setFloat(address+index* C64MachineDefinition.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE, value.floatval!!)
                         else -> throw VmExecutionException("strange array elt type $elementType")
                     }
                 }
@@ -636,60 +656,60 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
     private fun oneForCycle(stmt: ForLoop, loopvarDt: DataType, loopValue: Number, loopVar: IdentifierReference) {
         // assign the new loop value to the loopvar, and run the code
         performAssignment(AssignTarget(null, loopVar, null, null, loopVar.position),
-                RuntimeValue(loopvarDt, loopValue), stmt.body.statements.first(), evalCtx)
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(loopvarDt, loopValue), stmt.body.statements.first(), evalCtx)
         executeAnonymousScope(stmt.body)
     }
 
-    private fun evaluate(args: List<IExpression>) = args.map { evaluate(it, evalCtx) }
+    private fun evaluate(args: List<Expression>) = args.map { evaluate(it, evalCtx) }
 
-    private fun performSyscall(sub: Subroutine, args: List<RuntimeValue>): RuntimeValue? {
-        var result: RuntimeValue? = null
+    private fun performSyscall(sub: Subroutine, args: List<RuntimeValueNumeric>): RuntimeValueNumeric? {
+        var result: RuntimeValueNumeric? = null
         when (sub.scopedname) {
             "c64scr.print" -> {
                 // if the argument is an UWORD, consider it to be the "address" of the string (=heapId)
                 if (args[0].wordval != null) {
-                    val str = program.heap.get(args[0].wordval!!).str!!
-                    dialog.canvas.printText(str, true)
+                    val string = getAsciiStringFromRuntimeVars(args[0].wordval!!)
+                    dialog.canvas.printAsciiText(string)
                 } else
-                    dialog.canvas.printText(args[0].str!!, true)
+                    throw VmExecutionException("print non-heap string")
             }
             "c64scr.print_ub" -> {
-                dialog.canvas.printText(args[0].byteval!!.toString(), true)
+                dialog.canvas.printAsciiText(args[0].byteval!!.toString())
             }
             "c64scr.print_ub0" -> {
-                dialog.canvas.printText("%03d".format(args[0].byteval!!), true)
+                dialog.canvas.printAsciiText("%03d".format(args[0].byteval!!))
             }
             "c64scr.print_b" -> {
-                dialog.canvas.printText(args[0].byteval!!.toString(), true)
+                dialog.canvas.printAsciiText(args[0].byteval!!.toString())
             }
             "c64scr.print_uw" -> {
-                dialog.canvas.printText(args[0].wordval!!.toString(), true)
+                dialog.canvas.printAsciiText(args[0].wordval!!.toString())
             }
             "c64scr.print_uw0" -> {
-                dialog.canvas.printText("%05d".format(args[0].wordval!!), true)
+                dialog.canvas.printAsciiText("%05d".format(args[0].wordval!!))
             }
             "c64scr.print_w" -> {
-                dialog.canvas.printText(args[0].wordval!!.toString(), true)
+                dialog.canvas.printAsciiText(args[0].wordval!!.toString())
             }
             "c64scr.print_ubhex" -> {
-                val prefix = if (args[0].asBoolean) "$" else ""
-                val number = args[1].byteval!!
-                dialog.canvas.printText("$prefix${number.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')}", true)
+                val number = args[0].byteval!!
+                val prefix = if (args[1].asBoolean) "$" else ""
+                dialog.canvas.printAsciiText("$prefix${number.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')}")
             }
             "c64scr.print_uwhex" -> {
-                val prefix = if (args[0].asBoolean) "$" else ""
-                val number = args[1].wordval!!
-                dialog.canvas.printText("$prefix${number.toString(16).padStart(4, '0')}", true)
+                val number = args[0].wordval!!
+                val prefix = if (args[1].asBoolean) "$" else ""
+                dialog.canvas.printAsciiText("$prefix${number.toString(16).padStart(4, '0')}")
             }
             "c64scr.print_uwbin" -> {
-                val prefix = if (args[0].asBoolean) "%" else ""
-                val number = args[1].wordval!!
-                dialog.canvas.printText("$prefix${number.toString(2).padStart(16, '0')}", true)
+                val number = args[0].wordval!!
+                val prefix = if (args[1].asBoolean) "%" else ""
+                dialog.canvas.printAsciiText("$prefix${number.toString(2).padStart(16, '0')}")
             }
             "c64scr.print_ubbin" -> {
-                val prefix = if (args[0].asBoolean) "%" else ""
-                val number = args[1].byteval!!
-                dialog.canvas.printText("$prefix${number.toString(2).padStart(8, '0')}", true)
+                val number = args[0].byteval!!
+                val prefix = if (args[1].asBoolean) "%" else ""
+                dialog.canvas.printAsciiText("$prefix${number.toString(2).padStart(8, '0')}")
             }
             "c64scr.clear_screenchars" -> {
                 dialog.canvas.clearScreen(6)
@@ -698,7 +718,7 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
                 dialog.canvas.clearScreen(args[0].integerValue().toShort())
             }
             "c64scr.setcc" -> {
-                dialog.canvas.setChar(args[0].integerValue(), args[1].integerValue(), args[2].integerValue().toShort(), args[3].integerValue().toShort())
+                dialog.canvas.setScreenChar(args[0].integerValue(), args[1].integerValue(), args[2].integerValue().toShort(), args[3].integerValue().toShort())
             }
             "c64scr.plot" -> {
                 dialog.canvas.setCursorPos(args[0].integerValue(), args[1].integerValue())
@@ -714,26 +734,23 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
                         break
                     else {
                         input.add(char)
-                        val printChar = try {
-                            Petscii.encodePetscii("" + char, true).first()
-                        } catch (cv: CharConversionException) {
-                            0x3f.toShort()
-                        }
-                        dialog.canvas.printPetscii(printChar)
+                        dialog.canvas.printAsciiText(char.toString())
                     }
                 }
-                val inputStr = input.joinToString("")
+                var inputStr = input.joinToString("")
+                val inputLength = inputStr.length
                 val heapId = args[0].wordval!!
-                val origStr = program.heap.get(heapId).str!!
-                val paddedStr=inputStr.padEnd(origStr.length+1, '\u0000').substring(0, origStr.length)
-                program.heap.update(heapId, paddedStr)
-                result = RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, paddedStr.indexOf('\u0000'))
+                val origStrLength = getAsciiStringFromRuntimeVars(heapId).length
+                while(inputStr.length < origStrLength) {
+                    inputStr += '\u0000'
+                }
+                result = RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, inputLength)
             }
             "c64flt.print_f" -> {
-                dialog.canvas.printText(args[0].floatval.toString(), true)
+                dialog.canvas.printAsciiText(args[0].floatval.toString())
             }
             "c64.CHROUT" -> {
-                dialog.canvas.printPetscii(args[0].byteval!!)
+                dialog.canvas.printPetsciiChar(args[0].byteval!!)
             }
             "c64.CLEARSCR" -> {
                 dialog.canvas.clearScreen(6)
@@ -743,13 +760,20 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
                     Thread.sleep(10)
                 }
                 val char=dialog.keyboardBuffer.pop()
-                result = RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, char.toShort())
+                result = RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, char.toShort())
+            }
+            "c64.GETIN" -> {
+                Thread.sleep(1)
+                result = if(dialog.keyboardBuffer.isEmpty())
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 0)
+                else
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, dialog.keyboardBuffer.pop().toShort())
             }
             "c64utils.str2uword" -> {
                 val heapId = args[0].wordval!!
-                val argString = program.heap.get(heapId).str!!
+                val argString = getAsciiStringFromRuntimeVars(heapId)
                 val numericpart = argString.takeWhile { it.isDigit() }
-                result = RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, numericpart.toInt() and 65535)
+                result = RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, numericpart.toInt() and 65535)
             }
             else -> TODO("syscall  ${sub.scopedname} $sub")
         }
@@ -757,124 +781,129 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
         return result
     }
 
-    private fun performBuiltinFunction(name: String, args: List<RuntimeValue>, statusflags: StatusFlags): RuntimeValue? {
+    private fun getAsciiStringFromRuntimeVars(heapId: Int): String =
+            (runtimeVariables.getByHeapId(heapId) as RuntimeValueString).str
+
+    private fun getArrayFromRuntimeVars(heapId: Int): IntArray {
+        val arrayvar = runtimeVariables.getByHeapId(heapId) as RuntimeValueArray
+        return arrayvar.array.map { it.toInt() }.toIntArray()
+    }
+
+    private fun performBuiltinFunction(name: String, args: List<RuntimeValueBase>, statusflags: StatusFlags): RuntimeValueNumeric? {
         return when (name) {
-            "rnd" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, rnd.nextInt() and 255)
-            "rndw" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, rnd.nextInt() and 65535)
-            "rndf" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, rnd.nextDouble())
-            "lsb" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, args[0].integerValue() and 255)
-            "msb" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, (args[0].integerValue() ushr 8) and 255)
-            "sin" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, sin(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
+            "rnd" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, rnd.nextInt() and 255)
+            "rndw" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, rnd.nextInt() and 65535)
+            "rndf" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, rnd.nextDouble())
+            "lsb" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, args[0].integerValue() and 255)
+            "msb" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, (args[0].integerValue() ushr 8) and 255)
+            "sin" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, sin(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
             "sin8" -> {
                 val rad = args[0].numericValue().toDouble() / 256.0 * 2.0 * PI
-                RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, (127.0 * sin(rad)).toShort())
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, (127.0 * sin(rad)).toShort())
             }
             "sin8u" -> {
                 val rad = args[0].numericValue().toDouble() / 256.0 * 2.0 * PI
-                RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, (128.0 + 127.5 * sin(rad)).toShort())
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, (128.0 + 127.5 * sin(rad)).toShort())
             }
             "sin16" -> {
                 val rad = args[0].numericValue().toDouble() / 256.0 * 2.0 * PI
-                RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, (32767.0 * sin(rad)).toShort())
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, (32767.0 * sin(rad)).toShort())
             }
             "sin16u" -> {
                 val rad = args[0].numericValue().toDouble() / 256.0 * 2.0 * PI
-                RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, (32768.0 + 32767.5 * sin(rad)).toShort())
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, (32768.0 + 32767.5 * sin(rad)).toShort())
             }
-            "cos" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, cos(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
+            "cos" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, cos(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
             "cos8" -> {
                 val rad = args[0].numericValue().toDouble() / 256.0 * 2.0 * PI
-                RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, (127.0 * cos(rad)).toShort())
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, (127.0 * cos(rad)).toShort())
             }
             "cos8u" -> {
                 val rad = args[0].numericValue().toDouble() / 256.0 * 2.0 * PI
-                RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, (128.0 + 127.5 * cos(rad)).toShort())
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, (128.0 + 127.5 * cos(rad)).toShort())
             }
             "cos16" -> {
                 val rad = args[0].numericValue().toDouble() / 256.0 * 2.0 * PI
-                RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, (32767.0 * cos(rad)).toShort())
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, (32767.0 * cos(rad)).toShort())
             }
             "cos16u" -> {
                 val rad = args[0].numericValue().toDouble() / 256.0 * 2.0 * PI
-                RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, (32768.0 + 32767.5 * cos(rad)).toShort())
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, (32768.0 + 32767.5 * cos(rad)).toShort())
             }
-            "tan" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, tan(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
-            "atan" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, atan(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
-            "ln" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, ln(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
-            "log2" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, log2(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
-            "sqrt" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, sqrt(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
-            "sqrt16" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, sqrt(args[0].wordval!!.toDouble()).toInt())
-            "rad" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, Math.toRadians(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
-            "deg" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, Math.toDegrees(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
-            "round" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, round(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
-            "floor" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, floor(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
-            "ceil" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, ceil(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
+            "tan" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, tan(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
+            "atan" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, atan(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
+            "ln" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, ln(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
+            "log2" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, log2(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
+            "sqrt" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, sqrt(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
+            "sqrt16" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, sqrt((args[0] as RuntimeValueNumeric).wordval!!.toDouble()).toInt())
+            "rad" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, Math.toRadians(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
+            "deg" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, Math.toDegrees(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
+            "round" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, round(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
+            "floor" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, floor(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
+            "ceil" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, ceil(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
             "rol" -> {
-                val (result, newCarry) = args[0].rol(statusflags.carry)
+                val (result, newCarry) = (args[0] as RuntimeValueNumeric).rol(statusflags.carry)
                 statusflags.carry = newCarry
                 return result
             }
-            "rol2" -> args[0].rol2()
+            "rol2" -> (args[0] as RuntimeValueNumeric).rol2()
             "ror" -> {
-                val (result, newCarry) = args[0].ror(statusflags.carry)
+                val (result, newCarry) = (args[0] as RuntimeValueNumeric).ror(statusflags.carry)
                 statusflags.carry = newCarry
                 return result
             }
-            "ror2" -> args[0].ror2()
-            "lsl" -> args[0].shl()
-            "lsr" -> args[0].shr()
+            "ror2" -> (args[0] as RuntimeValueNumeric).ror2()
+            "lsl" -> (args[0] as RuntimeValueNumeric).shl()
+            "lsr" -> (args[0] as RuntimeValueNumeric).shr()
             "abs" -> {
                 when (args[0].type) {
-                    DataType.UBYTE -> args[0]
-                    DataType.BYTE -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, abs(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
-                    DataType.UWORD -> args[0]
-                    DataType.WORD -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, abs(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
-                    DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, abs(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
+                    DataType.UBYTE -> (args[0]  as RuntimeValueNumeric)
+                    DataType.BYTE -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, abs(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
+                    DataType.UWORD -> (args[0] as RuntimeValueNumeric)
+                    DataType.WORD -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, abs(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, abs(args[0].numericValue().toDouble()))
                     else -> throw VmExecutionException("strange abs type ${args[0]}")
                 }
             }
             "max" -> {
-                val numbers = args.map { it.numericValue().toDouble() }
-                RuntimeValue(args[0].type, numbers.max())
+                val numbers = (args.single() as RuntimeValueArray).array.map { it.toDouble() }
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(ArrayElementTypes.getValue(args[0].type), numbers.max()!!)
             }
             "min" -> {
-                val numbers = args.map { it.numericValue().toDouble() }
-                RuntimeValue(args[0].type, numbers.min())
-            }
-            "avg" -> {
-                val numbers = args.map { it.numericValue().toDouble() }
-                RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, numbers.average())
+                val numbers = (args.single() as RuntimeValueArray).array.map { it.toDouble() }
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(ArrayElementTypes.getValue(args[0].type), numbers.min()!!)
             }
             "sum" -> {
-                val sum = args.map { it.numericValue().toDouble() }.sum()
+                val sum = (args.single() as RuntimeValueArray).array.map { it.toDouble() }.sum()
                 when (args[0].type) {
-                    DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, sum)
-                    DataType.BYTE -> RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, sum)
-                    DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, sum)
-                    DataType.WORD -> RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, sum)
-                    DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, sum)
+                    DataType.ARRAY_UB -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, sum)
+                    DataType.ARRAY_B -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, sum)
+                    DataType.ARRAY_UW -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, sum)
+                    DataType.ARRAY_W -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, sum)
+                    DataType.ARRAY_F -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, sum)
                     else -> throw VmExecutionException("weird sum type ${args[0]}")
                 }
             }
             "any" -> {
-                val numbers = args.map { it.numericValue().toDouble() }
-                RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, if (numbers.any { it != 0.0 }) 1 else 0)
+                val numbers = (args.single() as RuntimeValueArray).array.map { it.toDouble() }
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, if (numbers.any { it != 0.0 }) 1 else 0)
             }
             "all" -> {
-                val numbers = args.map { it.numericValue().toDouble() }
-                RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, if (numbers.all { it != 0.0 }) 1 else 0)
+                val numbers = (args.single() as RuntimeValueArray).array.map { it.toDouble() }
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, if (numbers.all { it != 0.0 }) 1 else 0)
             }
             "swap" ->
                 throw VmExecutionException("swap() cannot be implemented as a function")
             "strlen" -> {
-                val zeroIndex = args[0].str!!.indexOf(0.toChar())
+                val zeroIndex = (args[0] as RuntimeValueString).str.indexOf(0.toChar())
                 if (zeroIndex >= 0)
-                    RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, zeroIndex)
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, zeroIndex)
                 else
-                    RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, args[0].str!!.length)
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, (args[0] as RuntimeValueString).str.length)
             }
             "memset" -> {
-                val target = args[0].array!!
+                val heapId = (args[0] as RuntimeValueNumeric).wordval!!
+                val target = getArrayFromRuntimeVars(heapId)
                 val amount = args[1].integerValue()
                 val value = args[2].integerValue()
                 for (i in 0 until amount) {
@@ -883,7 +912,8 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
                 null
             }
             "memsetw" -> {
-                val target = args[0].array!!
+                val heapId = (args[0] as RuntimeValueNumeric).wordval!!
+                val target = getArrayFromRuntimeVars(heapId)
                 val amount = args[1].integerValue()
                 val value = args[2].integerValue()
                 for (i in 0 until amount step 2) {
@@ -893,8 +923,10 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
                 null
             }
             "memcopy" -> {
-                val source = args[0].array!!
-                val dest = args[1].array!!
+                val sourceHeapId = (args[0] as RuntimeValueNumeric).wordval!!
+                val destHeapId = (args[1] as RuntimeValueNumeric).wordval!!
+                val source = getArrayFromRuntimeVars(sourceHeapId)
+                val dest = getArrayFromRuntimeVars(destHeapId)
                 val amount = args[2].integerValue()
                 for(i in 0 until amount) {
                     dest[i] = source[i]
@@ -903,7 +935,7 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
             }
             "mkword" -> {
                 val result = (args[1].integerValue() shl 8) or args[0].integerValue()
-                RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, result)
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, result)
             }
             "set_carry" -> {
                 statusflags.carry=true
@@ -926,13 +958,13 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
                 val zero = if(statusflags.zero) 2 else 0
                 val irqd = if(statusflags.irqd) 4 else 0
                 val negative = if(statusflags.negative) 128 else 0
-                RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, carry or zero or irqd or negative)
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, carry or zero or irqd or negative)
             }
             "rsave" -> {
                 statusFlagsSave.push(statusflags)
-                registerAsave.push(runtimeVariables.get(program.namespace, Register.A.name))
-                registerXsave.push(runtimeVariables.get(program.namespace, Register.X.name))
-                registerYsave.push(runtimeVariables.get(program.namespace, Register.Y.name))
+                registerAsave.push(runtimeVariables.get(program.namespace, Register.A.name) as RuntimeValueNumeric)
+                registerXsave.push(runtimeVariables.get(program.namespace, Register.X.name) as RuntimeValueNumeric)
+                registerYsave.push(runtimeVariables.get(program.namespace, Register.Y.name) as RuntimeValueNumeric)
                 null
             }
             "rrestore" -> {
@@ -946,9 +978,25 @@ class AstVm(val program: Program) {
                 runtimeVariables.set(program.namespace, Register.Y.name, registerYsave.pop())
                 null
             }
+            "sort" -> {
+                val array=args.single() as RuntimeValueArray
+                array.array.sort()
+                null
+            }
+            "reverse" -> {
+                val array=args.single() as RuntimeValueArray
+                array.array.reverse()
+                null
+            }
+            "sgn" -> {
+                val value = args.single().numericValue().toDouble()
+                when {
+                    value<0.0 -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, -1)
+                    value==0.0 -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 0)
+                    else -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 1)
+                }
+            }
             else -> TODO("builtin function $name")
         }
     }
-
 }
-

compiler/src/prog8/vm/astvm/CallStack.kt

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.vm.astvm
-
-import prog8.ast.INameScope
-import java.util.*
-
-class CallStack {
-
-    private val stack = Stack<Pair<INameScope, Int>>()
-
-    fun pop(): Pair<INameScope, Int> {
-        return stack.pop()
-    }
-
-    fun push(scope: INameScope, index: Int) {
-        stack.push(Pair(scope, index))
-    }
-
-}

compiler/src/prog8/vm/astvm/Expressions.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package prog8.vm.astvm
 
-import prog8.ast.*
+import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.ArrayElementTypes
 import prog8.ast.base.DataType
 import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
@@ -10,13 +10,11 @@ import prog8.ast.statements.BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder
 import prog8.ast.statements.Label
 import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
 import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
-import prog8.vm.RuntimeValue
-import prog8.vm.RuntimeValueRange
-import kotlin.math.abs
+import prog8.vm.*
 
 
-typealias BuiltinfunctionCaller =  (name: String, args: List<RuntimeValue>, flags: StatusFlags) -> RuntimeValue?
-typealias SubroutineCaller =  (sub: Subroutine, args: List<RuntimeValue>, startAtLabel: Label?) -> RuntimeValue?
+typealias BuiltinfunctionCaller =  (name: String, args: List<RuntimeValueNumeric>, flags: StatusFlags) -> RuntimeValueNumeric?
+typealias SubroutineCaller =  (sub: Subroutine, args: List<RuntimeValueNumeric>, startAtLabel: Label?) -> RuntimeValueNumeric?
 
 
 class EvalContext(val program: Program, val mem: Memory, val statusflags: StatusFlags,
@@ -24,34 +22,34 @@ class EvalContext(val program: Program, val mem: Memory, val statusflags: Status
                   val performBuiltinFunction: BuiltinfunctionCaller,
                   val executeSubroutine: SubroutineCaller)
 
-fun evaluate(expr: IExpression, ctx: EvalContext): RuntimeValue {
+fun evaluate(expr: Expression, ctx: EvalContext): RuntimeValueBase {
     val constval = expr.constValue(ctx.program)
     if(constval!=null)
-        return RuntimeValue.from(constval, ctx.program.heap)
+        return RuntimeValueNumeric.fromLv(constval)
 
     when(expr) {
-        is LiteralValue -> {
-            return RuntimeValue.from(expr, ctx.program.heap)
-        }
+        is NumericLiteralValue -> return RuntimeValueNumeric.fromLv(expr)
+        is StringLiteralValue -> return RuntimeValueString.fromLv(expr)
+        is ArrayLiteralValue -> return RuntimeValueArray.fromLv(expr)
         is PrefixExpression -> {
             return when(expr.operator) {
-                "-" -> evaluate(expr.expression, ctx).neg()
-                "~" -> evaluate(expr.expression, ctx).inv()
-                "not" -> evaluate(expr.expression, ctx).not()
+                "-" -> (evaluate(expr.expression, ctx) as RuntimeValueNumeric).neg()
+                "~" -> (evaluate(expr.expression, ctx) as RuntimeValueNumeric).inv()
+                "not" -> (evaluate(expr.expression, ctx) as RuntimeValueNumeric).not()
                 // unary '+' should have been optimized away
                 else -> throw VmExecutionException("unsupported prefix operator "+expr.operator)
             }
         }
         is BinaryExpression -> {
-            val left = evaluate(expr.left, ctx)
-            val right = evaluate(expr.right, ctx)
+            val left = evaluate(expr.left, ctx) as RuntimeValueNumeric
+            val right = evaluate(expr.right, ctx) as RuntimeValueNumeric
             return when(expr.operator) {
-                "<" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, if (left < right) 1 else 0)
-                "<=" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, if (left <= right) 1 else 0)
-                ">" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, if (left > right) 1 else 0)
-                ">=" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, if (left >= right) 1 else 0)
-                "==" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, if (left == right) 1 else 0)
-                "!=" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, if (left != right) 1 else 0)
+                "<" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, if (left < right) 1 else 0)
+                "<=" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, if (left <= right) 1 else 0)
+                ">" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, if (left > right) 1 else 0)
+                ">=" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, if (left >= right) 1 else 0)
+                "==" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, if (left == right) 1 else 0)
+                "!=" -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, if (left != right) 1 else 0)
                 "+" -> left.add(right)
                 "-" -> left.sub(right)
                 "*" -> left.mul(right)
@@ -79,27 +77,36 @@ fun evaluate(expr: IExpression, ctx: EvalContext): RuntimeValue {
         }
         is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
             val array = evaluate(expr.identifier, ctx)
-            val index = evaluate(expr.arrayspec.index, ctx)
-            val value = array.array!![index.integerValue()]
-            return RuntimeValue(ArrayElementTypes.getValue(array.type), value)
+            val index = evaluate(expr.arrayspec.index, ctx) as RuntimeValueNumeric
+            return when (array) {
+                is RuntimeValueString -> {
+                    val value = array.str[index.integerValue()]
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(ArrayElementTypes.getValue(array.type), value.toShort())
+                }
+                is RuntimeValueArray -> {
+                    val value = array.array[index.integerValue()]
+                    RuntimeValueNumeric(ArrayElementTypes.getValue(array.type), value)
+                }
+                else -> throw VmExecutionException("weird type")
+            }
         }
         is TypecastExpression -> {
-            return evaluate(expr.expression, ctx).cast(expr.type)
+            return (evaluate(expr.expression, ctx) as RuntimeValueNumeric).cast(expr.type)
         }
         is AddressOf -> {
             // we support: address of heap var -> the heap id
             return try {
                 val heapId = expr.identifier.heapId(ctx.program.namespace)
-                RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, heapId)
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, heapId)
             } catch( f: FatalAstException) {
                 // fallback: use the hash of the name, so we have at least *a* value...
                 val address = expr.identifier.hashCode() and 65535
-                RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, address)
+                RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, address)
             }
         }
         is DirectMemoryRead -> {
-            val address = evaluate(expr.addressExpression, ctx).wordval!!
-            return RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, ctx.mem.getUByte(address))
+            val address = (evaluate(expr.addressExpression, ctx) as RuntimeValueNumeric).wordval!!
+            return RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, ctx.mem.getUByte(address))
         }
         is RegisterExpr -> return ctx.runtimeVars.get(ctx.program.namespace, expr.register.name)
         is IdentifierReference -> {
@@ -112,13 +119,12 @@ fun evaluate(expr: IExpression, ctx: EvalContext): RuntimeValue {
                     else -> {
                         val address = ctx.runtimeVars.getMemoryAddress(variable.definingScope(), variable.name)
                         return when(variable.datatype) {
-                            DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, ctx.mem.getUByte(address))
-                            DataType.BYTE -> RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, ctx.mem.getSByte(address))
-                            DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, ctx.mem.getUWord(address))
-                            DataType.WORD -> RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, ctx.mem.getSWord(address))
-                            DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, ctx.mem.getFloat(address))
-                            DataType.STR -> RuntimeValue(DataType.STR, str = ctx.mem.getString(address))
-                            DataType.STR_S -> RuntimeValue(DataType.STR_S, str = ctx.mem.getScreencodeString(address))
+                            DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, ctx.mem.getUByte(address))
+                            DataType.BYTE -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, ctx.mem.getSByte(address))
+                            DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, ctx.mem.getUWord(address))
+                            DataType.WORD -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, ctx.mem.getSWord(address))
+                            DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, ctx.mem.getFloat(address))
+                            DataType.STR -> RuntimeValueString(ctx.mem.getString(address), null)
                             else -> throw VmExecutionException("unexpected datatype $variable")
                         }
                     }
@@ -128,7 +134,7 @@ fun evaluate(expr: IExpression, ctx: EvalContext): RuntimeValue {
         }
         is FunctionCall -> {
             val sub = expr.target.targetStatement(ctx.program.namespace)
-            val args = expr.arglist.map { evaluate(it, ctx) }
+            val args = expr.args.map { evaluate(it, ctx) as RuntimeValueNumeric }
             return when(sub) {
                 is Subroutine -> {
                     val result = ctx.executeSubroutine(sub, args, null)
@@ -147,24 +153,22 @@ fun evaluate(expr: IExpression, ctx: EvalContext): RuntimeValue {
         }
         is RangeExpr -> {
             val cRange = expr.toConstantIntegerRange()
-            if(cRange!=null)
-                return RuntimeValueRange(expr.inferType(ctx.program)!!, cRange)
-            val fromVal = evaluate(expr.from, ctx).integerValue()
-            val toVal = evaluate(expr.to, ctx).integerValue()
-            val stepVal = evaluate(expr.step, ctx).integerValue()
-            val range = when {
-                fromVal <= toVal -> when {
-                    stepVal <= 0 -> IntRange.EMPTY
-                    stepVal == 1 -> fromVal..toVal
-                    else -> fromVal..toVal step stepVal
+            if(cRange!=null) {
+                val dt = expr.inferType(ctx.program)
+                if(dt.isKnown)
+                    return RuntimeValueRange(dt.typeOrElse(DataType.UBYTE), cRange)
+                else
+                    throw VmExecutionException("couldn't determine datatype")
             }
-                else -> when {
-                    stepVal >= 0 -> IntRange.EMPTY
-                    stepVal == -1 -> fromVal downTo toVal
-                    else -> fromVal downTo toVal step abs(stepVal)
-                }
-            }
-            return RuntimeValueRange(expr.inferType(ctx.program)!!, range)
+            val fromVal = (evaluate(expr.from, ctx) as RuntimeValueNumeric).integerValue()
+            val toVal = (evaluate(expr.to, ctx) as RuntimeValueNumeric).integerValue()
+            val stepVal = (evaluate(expr.step, ctx) as RuntimeValueNumeric).integerValue()
+            val range = makeRange(fromVal, toVal, stepVal)
+            val dt = expr.inferType(ctx.program)
+            if(dt.isKnown)
+                return RuntimeValueRange(dt.typeOrElse(DataType.UBYTE), range)
+            else
+                throw VmExecutionException("couldn't determine datatype")
         }
         else -> {
             throw VmExecutionException("unimplemented expression node $expr")

compiler/src/prog8/vm/astvm/Memory.kt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package prog8.vm.astvm
 
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.MachineDefinition
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.Petscii
+import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition
 import kotlin.math.abs
 
 class Memory(private val readObserver: (address: Int, value: Short) -> Short,
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class Memory(private val readObserver: (address: Int, value: Short) -> Short,
         else mem[address]
     }
 
-    fun getUByte_DMA(address: Int): Short {
+    fun getUByteDirectly(address: Int): Short {
         return mem[address]
     }
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class Memory(private val readObserver: (address: Int, value: Short) -> Short,
                 else value
     }
 
-    fun setUByte_DMA(address: Int, value: Short) {
+    fun setUByteDirectly(address: Int, value: Short) {
         if(value !in 0..255)
             throw VmExecutionException("ubyte value out of range $value")
         mem[address] = value
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class Memory(private val readObserver: (address: Int, value: Short) -> Short,
     }
 
     fun setFloat(address: Int, value: Double) {
-        val mflpt5 = MachineDefinition.Mflpt5.fromNumber(value)
+        val mflpt5 = C64MachineDefinition.Mflpt5.fromNumber(value)
         setUByte(address, mflpt5.b0)
         setUByte(address+1, mflpt5.b1)
         setUByte(address+2, mflpt5.b2)
@@ -89,28 +89,26 @@ class Memory(private val readObserver: (address: Int, value: Short) -> Short,
     }
 
     fun getFloat(address: Int): Double {
-        return MachineDefinition.Mflpt5(getUByte(address), getUByte(address + 1), getUByte(address + 2),
+        return C64MachineDefinition.Mflpt5(getUByte(address), getUByte(address + 1), getUByte(address + 2),
                 getUByte(address + 3), getUByte(address + 4)).toDouble()
     }
 
     fun setString(address: Int, str: String) {
-        // lowercase PETSCII
-        val petscii = Petscii.encodePetscii(str, true)
+        val encoded = CompilationTarget.encodeString(str)
         var addr = address
-        for (c in petscii) setUByte(addr++, c)
+        for (c in encoded) setUByte(addr++, c)
         setUByte(addr, 0)
     }
 
     fun getString(strAddress: Int): String {
-        // lowercase PETSCII
-        val petscii = mutableListOf<Short>()
+        val encoded = mutableListOf<Short>()
         var addr = strAddress
         while(true) {
             val byte = getUByte(addr++)
             if(byte==0.toShort()) break
-            petscii.add(byte)
+            encoded.add(byte)
         }
-        return Petscii.decodePetscii(petscii, true)
+        return CompilationTarget.decodeString(encoded)
     }
 
     fun clear() {
@@ -121,24 +119,4 @@ class Memory(private val readObserver: (address: Int, value: Short) -> Short,
         for(i in 0 until numbytes)
             setUByte(to+i, getUByte(from+i))
     }
-
-    fun getScreencodeString(strAddress: Int): String? {
-        // lowercase Screencodes
-        val screencodes = mutableListOf<Short>()
-        var addr = strAddress
-        while(true) {
-            val byte = getUByte(addr++)
-            if(byte==0.toShort()) break
-            screencodes.add(byte)
-        }
-        return Petscii.decodeScreencode(screencodes, true)
-    }
-
-    fun setScreencodeString(address: Int, str: String) {
-        // lowercase screencodes
-        val screencodes = Petscii.encodeScreencode(str, true)
-        var addr = address
-        for (c in screencodes) setUByte(addr++, c)
-        setUByte(addr, 0)
-    }
 }

compiler/src/prog8/vm/astvm/ScreenDialog.kt

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 package prog8.vm.astvm
 
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.MachineDefinition
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition
 import prog8.compiler.target.c64.Petscii
 import java.awt.*
 import java.awt.event.KeyEvent
 import java.awt.event.KeyListener
 import java.awt.image.BufferedImage
-import java.util.*
+import java.util.ArrayDeque
 import javax.swing.JFrame
 import javax.swing.JPanel
 import javax.swing.Timer
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class BitmapScreenPanel : KeyListener, JPanel() {
     private val g2d = image.graphics as Graphics2D
     private var cursorX: Int=0
     private var cursorY: Int=0
-    val keyboardBuffer: Deque<Char> = LinkedList<Char>()
+    val keyboardBuffer = ArrayDeque<Char>()
 
     init {
         val size = Dimension(image.width * SCALING, image.height * SCALING)
@@ -50,37 +50,33 @@ class BitmapScreenPanel : KeyListener, JPanel() {
     }
 
     fun clearScreen(color: Short) {
-        g2d.background = MachineDefinition.colorPalette[color % MachineDefinition.colorPalette.size]
+        g2d.background = C64MachineDefinition.colorPalette[color % C64MachineDefinition.colorPalette.size]
         g2d.clearRect(0, 0, SCREENWIDTH, SCREENHEIGHT)
         cursorX = 0
         cursorY = 0
     }
     fun setPixel(x: Int, y: Int, color: Short) {
-        image.setRGB(x, y, MachineDefinition.colorPalette[color % MachineDefinition.colorPalette.size].rgb)
+        image.setRGB(x, y, C64MachineDefinition.colorPalette[color % C64MachineDefinition.colorPalette.size].rgb)
     }
     fun drawLine(x1: Int, y1: Int, x2: Int, y2: Int, color: Short) {
-        g2d.color = MachineDefinition.colorPalette[color % MachineDefinition.colorPalette.size]
+        g2d.color = C64MachineDefinition.colorPalette[color % C64MachineDefinition.colorPalette.size]
         g2d.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2)
     }
 
-    fun printText(text: String, lowercase: Boolean, inverseVideo: Boolean=false) {
+    fun printAsciiText(text: String) {
         val t2 = text.substringBefore(0.toChar())
-        val lines = t2.split('\n')
-        for(line in lines.withIndex()) {
-            val petscii = Petscii.encodePetscii(line.value, lowercase)
-            petscii.forEach { printPetscii(it, inverseVideo) }
-            if(line.index<lines.size-1) {
-                printPetscii(13)    // newline
-            }
-        }
+        val petscii = Petscii.encodePetscii(t2, true)
+        petscii.forEach { printPetsciiChar(it) }
     }
 
-    fun printPetscii(char: Short, inverseVideo: Boolean=false) {
-        if(char==13.toShort() || char==141.toShort()) {
+    fun printPetsciiChar(petscii: Short) {
+        if(petscii in listOf(0x0d.toShort(), 0x8d.toShort())) {
+            // Return and shift-Return
             cursorX=0
             cursorY++
         } else {
-            setPetscii(cursorX, cursorY, char, 1, inverseVideo)
+            val scr = Petscii.petscii2scr(petscii, false)
+            setScreenChar(cursorX, cursorY, scr, 1)
             cursorX++
             if (cursorX >= (SCREENWIDTH / 8)) {
                 cursorY++
@@ -94,38 +90,17 @@ class BitmapScreenPanel : KeyListener, JPanel() {
             val graphics = image.graphics as Graphics2D
             graphics.drawImage(screen, 0, -8, null)
             val color = graphics.color
-            graphics.color = MachineDefinition.colorPalette[6]
+            graphics.color = C64MachineDefinition.colorPalette[6]
             graphics.fillRect(0, 24*8, SCREENWIDTH, 25*8)
             graphics.color=color
             cursorY--
         }
     }
 
-    fun writeTextAt(x: Int, y: Int, text: String, color: Short, lowercase: Boolean, inverseVideo: Boolean=false) {
-        val colorIdx = (color % MachineDefinition.colorPalette.size).toShort()
-        var xx=x
-        for(clearx in xx until xx+text.length) {
-            g2d.clearRect(8*clearx, 8*y, 8, 8)
-        }
-        for(sc in Petscii.encodePetscii(text, lowercase)) {
-            if(sc==0.toShort())
-                break
-            setPetscii(xx++, y, sc, colorIdx, inverseVideo)
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun setPetscii(x: Int, y: Int, petscii: Short, color: Short, inverseVideo: Boolean) {
+    fun setScreenChar(x: Int, y: Int, screencode: Short, color: Short) {
         g2d.clearRect(8*x, 8*y, 8, 8)
-        val colorIdx = (color % MachineDefinition.colorPalette.size).toShort()
-        val screencode = Petscii.petscii2scr(petscii, inverseVideo)
-        val coloredImage = MachineDefinition.Charset.getColoredChar(screencode, colorIdx)
-        g2d.drawImage(coloredImage, 8*x, 8*y , null)
-    }
-
-    fun setChar(x: Int, y: Int, screencode: Short, color: Short) {
-        g2d.clearRect(8*x, 8*y, 8, 8)
-        val colorIdx = (color % MachineDefinition.colorPalette.size).toShort()
-        val coloredImage = MachineDefinition.Charset.getColoredChar(screencode, colorIdx)
+        val colorIdx = (color % C64MachineDefinition.colorPalette.size).toShort()
+        val coloredImage = C64MachineDefinition.Charset.getColoredChar(screencode, colorIdx)
         g2d.drawImage(coloredImage, 8*x, 8*y , null)
     }
 
@@ -159,19 +134,19 @@ class ScreenDialog(title: String) : JFrame(title) {
         // the borders (top, left, right, bottom)
         val borderTop = JPanel().apply {
             preferredSize = Dimension(BitmapScreenPanel.SCALING * (BitmapScreenPanel.SCREENWIDTH +2*borderWidth), BitmapScreenPanel.SCALING * borderWidth)
-            background = MachineDefinition.colorPalette[14]
+            background = C64MachineDefinition.colorPalette[14]
         }
         val borderBottom = JPanel().apply {
             preferredSize =Dimension(BitmapScreenPanel.SCALING * (BitmapScreenPanel.SCREENWIDTH +2*borderWidth), BitmapScreenPanel.SCALING * borderWidth)
-            background = MachineDefinition.colorPalette[14]
+            background = C64MachineDefinition.colorPalette[14]
         }
         val borderLeft = JPanel().apply {
             preferredSize =Dimension(BitmapScreenPanel.SCALING * borderWidth, BitmapScreenPanel.SCALING * BitmapScreenPanel.SCREENHEIGHT)
-            background = MachineDefinition.colorPalette[14]
+            background = C64MachineDefinition.colorPalette[14]
         }
         val borderRight = JPanel().apply {
             preferredSize =Dimension(BitmapScreenPanel.SCALING * borderWidth, BitmapScreenPanel.SCALING * BitmapScreenPanel.SCREENHEIGHT)
-            background = MachineDefinition.colorPalette[14]
+            background = C64MachineDefinition.colorPalette[14]
         }
         var c = GridBagConstraints()
         c.gridx=0; c.gridy=1; c.gridwidth=3

compiler/src/prog8/vm/astvm/VariablesCreator.kt

@@ -1,30 +1,37 @@
 package prog8.vm.astvm
 
-import prog8.ast.*
-import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.expressions.LiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.base.Position
+import prog8.ast.base.Register
+import prog8.ast.base.VarDeclType
+import prog8.ast.expressions.ArrayLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.expressions.StringLiteralValue
 import prog8.ast.processing.IAstModifyingVisitor
+import prog8.ast.statements.Statement
 import prog8.ast.statements.StructDecl
 import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
 import prog8.ast.statements.ZeropageWish
-import prog8.compiler.HeapValues
-import prog8.vm.RuntimeValue
+import prog8.vm.RuntimeValueArray
+import prog8.vm.RuntimeValueNumeric
+import prog8.vm.RuntimeValueString
 
-class VariablesCreator(private val runtimeVariables: RuntimeVariables, private val heap: HeapValues) : IAstModifyingVisitor {
+class VariablesCreator(private val runtimeVariables: RuntimeVariables) : IAstModifyingVisitor {
 
     override fun visit(program: Program) {
         // define the three registers as global variables
-        runtimeVariables.define(program.namespace, Register.A.name, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0))
-        runtimeVariables.define(program.namespace, Register.X.name, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 255))
-        runtimeVariables.define(program.namespace, Register.Y.name, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0))
+        runtimeVariables.define(program.namespace, Register.A.name, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 0))
+        runtimeVariables.define(program.namespace, Register.X.name, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 255))
+        runtimeVariables.define(program.namespace, Register.Y.name, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 0))
 
         val globalpos = Position("<<global>>", 0, 0, 0)
         val vdA = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, Register.A.name, null,
-                LiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, globalpos), isArray = false, hiddenButDoNotRemove = true, position = globalpos)
+                NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, globalpos), isArray = false, autogeneratedDontRemove = true, position = globalpos)
         val vdX = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, Register.X.name, null,
-                LiteralValue.optimalInteger(255, globalpos), isArray = false, hiddenButDoNotRemove = true, position = globalpos)
+                NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(255, globalpos), isArray = false, autogeneratedDontRemove = true, position = globalpos)
         val vdY = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, Register.Y.name, null,
-                LiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, globalpos), isArray = false, hiddenButDoNotRemove = true, position = globalpos)
+                NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, globalpos), isArray = false, autogeneratedDontRemove = true, position = globalpos)
         vdA.linkParents(program.namespace)
         vdX.linkParents(program.namespace)
         vdY.linkParents(program.namespace)
@@ -35,19 +42,33 @@ class VariablesCreator(private val runtimeVariables: RuntimeVariables, private v
         super.visit(program)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(decl: VarDecl): IStatement {
+    override fun visit(decl: VarDecl): Statement {
         // if the decl is part of a struct, just skip it
         if(decl.parent !is StructDecl) {
             when (decl.type) {
-                // we can assume the value in the vardecl already has been converted into a constant LiteralValue here.
                 VarDeclType.VAR -> {
                     if(decl.datatype!=DataType.STRUCT) {
-                        val value = RuntimeValue.from(decl.value as LiteralValue, heap)
+                        val numericLv = decl.value as? NumericLiteralValue
+                        val value = if(numericLv!=null) {
+                            RuntimeValueNumeric.fromLv(numericLv)
+                        } else {
+                            val strLv = decl.value as? StringLiteralValue
+                            val arrayLv = decl.value as? ArrayLiteralValue
+                            when {
+                                strLv!=null -> {
+                                    RuntimeValueString.fromLv(strLv)
+                                }
+                                arrayLv!=null -> {
+                                    RuntimeValueArray.fromLv(arrayLv)
+                                }
+                                else -> throw VmExecutionException("weird var type")
+                            }
+                        }
                         runtimeVariables.define(decl.definingScope(), decl.name, value)
                     }
                 }
                 VarDeclType.MEMORY -> {
-                    runtimeVariables.defineMemory(decl.definingScope(), decl.name, (decl.value as LiteralValue).asIntegerValue!!)
+                    runtimeVariables.defineMemory(decl.definingScope(), decl.name, (decl.value as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt())
                 }
                 VarDeclType.CONST -> {
                     // consts should have been const-folded away
@@ -56,12 +77,4 @@ class VariablesCreator(private val runtimeVariables: RuntimeVariables, private v
         }
         return super.visit(decl)
     }
-
-//    override fun accept(assignment: Assignment): IStatement {
-//        if(assignment is VariableInitializationAssignment) {
-//            println("INIT VAR $assignment")
-//        }
-//        return super.accept(assignment)
-//    }
-
 }

compiler/src/prog8/vm/stackvm/Main.kt

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.vm.stackvm
-
-import prog8.printSoftwareHeader
-import prog8.vm.astvm.ScreenDialog
-import java.awt.EventQueue
-import javax.swing.Timer
-import kotlin.system.exitProcess
-
-fun main(args: Array<String>) {
-    stackVmMain(args)
-}
-
-fun stackVmMain(args: Array<String>) {
-    printSoftwareHeader("StackVM")
-
-    if(args.size != 1) {
-        System.err.println("requires one argument: name of stackvm sourcecode file")
-        exitProcess(1)
-    }
-
-    val program = Program.load(args.first())
-    val vm = StackVm(traceOutputFile = null)
-    val dialog = ScreenDialog("StackVM")
-    vm.load(program, dialog.canvas)
-    EventQueue.invokeLater {
-        dialog.pack()
-        dialog.isVisible = true
-        dialog.start()
-
-        val programTimer = Timer(10) { a ->
-            try {
-                vm.step()
-            } catch(bp: VmBreakpointException) {
-                println("Breakpoint: execution halted. Press enter to resume.")
-                readLine()
-            } catch (tx: VmTerminationException) {
-                println("Execution halted: ${tx.message}")
-                (a.source as Timer).stop()
-            }
-        }
-
-        val irqTimer = Timer(1000/60) { a -> vm.irq(a.`when`) }
-
-        programTimer.start()
-        irqTimer.start()
-    }
-}

compiler/src/prog8/vm/stackvm/Program.kt

@@ -1,299 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.vm.stackvm
-
-import prog8.ast.antlr.unescape
-import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.expressions.AddressOf
-import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
-import prog8.vm.RuntimeValue
-import prog8.compiler.HeapValues
-import prog8.compiler.IntegerOrAddressOf
-import prog8.compiler.intermediate.*
-import java.io.File
-import java.util.*
-import java.util.regex.Pattern
-
-class Program (val name: String,
-               val program: MutableList<Instruction>,
-               val variables: Map<String, RuntimeValue>,
-               val memoryPointers: Map<String, Pair<Int, DataType>>,
-               val labels: Map<String, Int>,
-               val memory: Map<Int, List<RuntimeValue>>,
-               val heap: HeapValues)
-{
-    init {
-        // add end of program marker and some sentinel instructions, to correctly connect all others
-        program.add(LabelInstr("____program_end", false))
-        program.add(Instruction(Opcode.TERMINATE))
-        program.add(Instruction(Opcode.NOP))
-    }
-
-    companion object {
-        fun load(filename: String): Program {
-            val lines = File(filename).readLines().withIndex().iterator()
-            val memory = mutableMapOf<Int, List<RuntimeValue>>()
-            val heap = HeapValues()
-            val program = mutableListOf<Instruction>()
-            val variables = mutableMapOf<String, RuntimeValue>()
-            val memoryPointers = mutableMapOf<String, Pair<Int, DataType>>()
-            val labels = mutableMapOf<String, Int>()
-
-            while(lines.hasNext()) {
-                val (lineNr, line) = lines.next()
-                if(line.startsWith(';') || line.isEmpty())
-                    continue
-                else if(line=="%memory")
-                    loadMemory(lines, memory)
-                else if(line=="%heap")
-                    loadHeap(lines, heap)
-                else if(line.startsWith("%block "))
-                    loadBlock(lines, heap, program, variables, memoryPointers, labels)
-                else throw VmExecutionException("syntax error at line ${lineNr + 1}")
-            }
-            return Program(filename, program, variables, memoryPointers, labels, memory, heap)
-        }
-
-        private fun loadBlock(lines: Iterator<IndexedValue<String>>,
-                              heap: HeapValues,
-                              program: MutableList<Instruction>,
-                              variables: MutableMap<String, RuntimeValue>,
-                              memoryPointers: MutableMap<String, Pair<Int, DataType>>,
-                              labels: MutableMap<String, Int>)
-        {
-            while(true) {
-                val (_, line) = lines.next()
-                if(line.isEmpty())
-                    continue
-                else if(line=="%end_block")
-                    return
-                else if(line=="%variables")
-                    loadVars(lines, variables)
-                else if(line=="%memorypointers")
-                    loadMemoryPointers(lines, memoryPointers, heap)
-                else if(line=="%instructions") {
-                    val (blockInstructions, blockLabels) = loadInstructions(lines, heap)
-                    val baseIndex = program.size
-                    program.addAll(blockInstructions)
-                    val labelsWithIndex = blockLabels.mapValues { baseIndex+blockInstructions.indexOf(it.value) }
-                    labels.putAll(labelsWithIndex)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        private fun loadHeap(lines: Iterator<IndexedValue<String>>, heap: HeapValues) {
-            val splitpattern = Pattern.compile("\\s+")
-            val heapvalues = mutableListOf<Triple<Int, DataType, String>>()
-            while(true) {
-                val (_, line) = lines.next()
-                if (line == "%end_heap")
-                    break
-                val parts = line.split(splitpattern, limit=3)
-                val value = Triple(parts[0].toInt(), DataType.valueOf(parts[1].toUpperCase()), parts[2])
-                heapvalues.add(value)
-            }
-            heapvalues.sortedBy { it.first }.forEach {
-                when(it.second) {
-                    DataType.STR, DataType.STR_S -> heap.addString(it.second, unescape(it.third.substring(1, it.third.length - 1), Position("<stackvmsource>", 0, 0, 0)))
-                    DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B,
-                    DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W -> {
-                        val numbers = it.third.substring(1, it.third.length-1).split(',')
-                        val intarray = numbers.map{number->
-                            val num=number.trim()
-                            if(num.startsWith("&")) {
-                                // it's AddressOf
-                                val scopedname = num.substring(1)
-                                val iref = IdentifierReference(scopedname.split('.'), Position("<intermediate>", 0, 0, 0))
-                                val addrOf = AddressOf(iref, Position("<intermediate>", 0, 0, 0))
-                                addrOf.scopedname=scopedname
-                                IntegerOrAddressOf(null, addrOf)
-                            } else {
-                                IntegerOrAddressOf(num.toInt(), null)
-                            }
-                        }.toTypedArray()
-                        heap.addIntegerArray(it.second, intarray)
-                    }
-                    DataType.ARRAY_F -> {
-                        val numbers = it.third.substring(1, it.third.length-1).split(',')
-                        val doublearray = numbers.map{number->number.trim().toDouble()}.toDoubleArray()
-                        heap.addDoublesArray(doublearray)
-                    }
-                    in NumericDatatypes -> throw VmExecutionException("invalid heap value type ${it.second}")
-                    else -> throw VmExecutionException("weird datatype")
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        private fun loadInstructions(lines: Iterator<IndexedValue<String>>, heap: HeapValues): Pair<MutableList<Instruction>, Map<String, Instruction>> {
-            val instructions = mutableListOf<Instruction>()
-            val labels = mutableMapOf<String, Instruction>()
-            val splitpattern = Pattern.compile("\\s+")
-            val nextInstructionLabels = Stack<String>()     // more than one label can occur on the isSameAs line
-
-            while(true) {
-                val (lineNr, line) = lines.next()
-                if(line.isEmpty())
-                    continue
-                if(line=="%end_instructions")
-                    return Pair(instructions, labels)
-                if(!line.startsWith(' ') && line.endsWith(':')) {
-                    nextInstructionLabels.push(line.substring(0, line.length-1))
-                } else if(line.startsWith(' ')) {
-                    val parts = line.trimStart().split(splitpattern, limit = 2)
-                    val opcodeStr = parts[0].toUpperCase()
-                    val opcode= Opcode.valueOf(if(opcodeStr.startsWith('_')) opcodeStr.substring(1) else opcodeStr)
-                    val args = if(parts.size==2) parts[1] else null
-                    val instruction = when(opcode) {
-                        Opcode.LINE -> Instruction(opcode, null, callLabel = args)
-                        Opcode.JUMP, Opcode.CALL, Opcode.BNEG, Opcode.BPOS,
-                        Opcode.BZ, Opcode.BNZ, Opcode.BCS, Opcode.BCC,
-                        Opcode.JZ, Opcode.JNZ, Opcode.JZW, Opcode.JNZW -> {
-                            if(args!!.startsWith('$')) {
-                                Instruction(opcode, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, args.substring(1).toInt(16)))
-                            } else {
-                                Instruction(opcode, callLabel = args)
-                            }
-                        }
-                        in opcodesWithVarArgument -> {
-                            val withoutQuotes =
-                                    if(args!!.startsWith('"') && args.endsWith('"'))
-                                        args.substring(1, args.length-1) else args
-
-                            Instruction(opcode, callLabel = withoutQuotes)
-                        }
-                        Opcode.SYSCALL -> {
-                            if(args!! in syscallNames) {
-                                val call = Syscall.valueOf(args)
-                                Instruction(opcode, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, call.callNr))
-                            } else {
-                                val args2 = args.replace('.', '_')
-                                if(args2 in syscallNames) {
-                                    val call = Syscall.valueOf(args2)
-                                    Instruction(opcode, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, call.callNr))
-                                } else {
-                                    // the syscall is not yet implemented. emit a stub.
-                                    Instruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, Syscall.SYSCALLSTUB.callNr), callLabel = args2)
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                        Opcode.INCLUDE_FILE -> {
-                            val argparts = args!!.split(' ')
-                            val filename = argparts[0]
-                            val offset = if(argparts.size>=2 && argparts[1]!="null") getArgValue(argparts[1], heap) else null
-                            val length = if(argparts.size>=3 && argparts[2]!="null") getArgValue(argparts[2], heap) else null
-                            Instruction(opcode, offset, length, filename)
-                        }
-                        else -> {
-                            Instruction(opcode, getArgValue(args, heap))
-                        }
-                    }
-                    instructions.add(instruction)
-                    while(nextInstructionLabels.isNotEmpty()) {
-                        val label = nextInstructionLabels.pop()
-                        labels[label] = instruction
-                    }
-                } else throw VmExecutionException("syntax error at line ${lineNr + 1}")
-            }
-        }
-
-        private fun getArgValue(args: String?, heap: HeapValues): RuntimeValue? {
-            if(args==null)
-                return null
-            if(args[0]=='"' && args[args.length-1]=='"') {
-                throw VmExecutionException("encountered a string arg value, but all strings should already have been moved into the heap")
-            }
-            val (type, valueStr) = args.split(':')
-            return when(type) {
-                "b" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, valueStr.toShort(16))
-                "ub" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, valueStr.toShort(16))
-                "w" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, valueStr.toInt(16))
-                "uw" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, valueStr.toInt(16))
-                "f" -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, valueStr.toDouble())
-                "heap" -> {
-                    val heapId = valueStr.toInt()
-                    RuntimeValue(heap.get(heapId).type, heapId = heapId)
-                }
-                else -> throw VmExecutionException("invalid datatype $type")
-            }
-        }
-
-        private fun loadVars(lines: Iterator<IndexedValue<String>>,
-                             vars: MutableMap<String, RuntimeValue>) {
-            val splitpattern = Pattern.compile("\\s+")
-            while(true) {
-                val (_, line) = lines.next()
-                if(line=="%end_variables")
-                    return
-                val (name, typeStr, valueStr) = line.split(splitpattern, limit = 3)
-                if(valueStr[0] !='"' && ':' !in valueStr)
-                    throw VmExecutionException("missing value type character")
-                val value = when(val type = DataType.valueOf(typeStr.toUpperCase())) {
-                    DataType.UBYTE -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, valueStr.substring(3).toShort(16))
-                    DataType.BYTE -> RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, valueStr.substring(2).toShort(16))
-                    DataType.UWORD -> RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, valueStr.substring(3).toInt(16))
-                    DataType.WORD -> RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, valueStr.substring(2).toInt(16))
-                    DataType.FLOAT -> RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, valueStr.substring(2).toDouble())
-                    in StringDatatypes -> {
-                        if(valueStr.startsWith('"') && valueStr.endsWith('"'))
-                            throw VmExecutionException("encountered a var with a string value, but all string values should already have been moved into the heap")
-                        else if(!valueStr.startsWith("heap:"))
-                            throw VmExecutionException("invalid string value, should be a heap reference")
-                        else {
-                            val heapId = valueStr.substring(5).toInt()
-                            RuntimeValue(type, heapId = heapId)
-                        }
-                    }
-                    in ArrayDatatypes -> {
-                        if(!valueStr.startsWith("heap:"))
-                            throw VmExecutionException("invalid array value, should be a heap reference")
-                        else {
-                            val heapId = valueStr.substring(5).toInt()
-                            RuntimeValue(type, heapId = heapId)
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else -> throw VmExecutionException("weird datatype")
-                }
-                vars[name] = value
-            }
-        }
-
-        private fun loadMemoryPointers(lines: Iterator<IndexedValue<String>>,
-                                       pointers: MutableMap<String, Pair<Int, DataType>>,
-                                       heap: HeapValues) {
-            val splitpattern = Pattern.compile("\\s+")
-            while(true) {
-                val (_, line) = lines.next()
-                if(line=="%end_memorypointers")
-                    return
-                val (name, typeStr, valueStr) = line.split(splitpattern, limit = 3)
-                if(valueStr[0] !='"' && ':' !in valueStr)
-                    throw VmExecutionException("missing value type character")
-                val type = DataType.valueOf(typeStr.toUpperCase())
-                val value = getArgValue(valueStr, heap)!!.integerValue()
-                pointers[name] = Pair(value, type)
-            }
-        }
-
-        private fun loadMemory(lines: Iterator<IndexedValue<String>>, memory: MutableMap<Int, List<RuntimeValue>>): Map<Int, List<RuntimeValue>> {
-            while(true) {
-                val (lineNr, line) = lines.next()
-                if(line=="%end_memory")
-                    return memory
-                val address = line.substringBefore(' ').toInt(16)
-                val rest = line.substringAfter(' ').trim()
-                if(rest.startsWith('"')) {
-                    TODO("memory init with char/string")
-                } else {
-                    val valueStrings = rest.split(' ')
-                    val values = mutableListOf<RuntimeValue>()
-                    valueStrings.forEach {
-                        when(it.length) {
-                            2 -> values.add(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, it.toShort(16)))
-                            4 -> values.add(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, it.toInt(16)))
-                            else -> throw VmExecutionException("invalid value at line $lineNr+1")
-                        }
-                    }
-                    memory[address] = values
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

compiler/test/LiteralValueTests.kt

@@ -3,24 +3,29 @@ package prog8tests
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance
 import prog8.ast.base.DataType
-import prog8.ast.expressions.LiteralValue
 import prog8.ast.base.Position
-import kotlin.test.*
+import prog8.ast.expressions.ArrayLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.expressions.StringLiteralValue
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 
 
-private fun sameValueAndType(lv1: LiteralValue, lv2: LiteralValue): Boolean {
+private fun sameValueAndType(lv1: NumericLiteralValue, lv2: NumericLiteralValue): Boolean {
     return lv1.type==lv2.type && lv1==lv2
 }
 
 
 @TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
-class TestParserLiteralValue {
+class TestParserNumericLiteralValue {
 
     private val dummyPos = Position("test", 0, 0, 0)
 
     @Test
     fun testIdentity() {
-        val v = LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 12345, position = dummyPos)
+        val v = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos)
         assertEquals(v, v)
         assertFalse(v != v)
         assertTrue(v <= v)
@@ -28,104 +33,109 @@ class TestParserLiteralValue {
         assertFalse(v < v)
         assertFalse(v > v)
 
-        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 12345, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 12345, position = dummyPos)))
+        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos)))
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testEqualsAndNotEquals() {
-        assertEquals(LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos))
-        assertEquals(LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 100, position = dummyPos))
-        assertEquals(LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 100.0, position = dummyPos))
-        assertEquals(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 254, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 254, position = dummyPos))
-        assertEquals(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 12345, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 12345, position = dummyPos))
-        assertEquals(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 12345, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 12345.0, position = dummyPos))
-        assertEquals(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 100.0, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos))
-        assertEquals(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 22239.0, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 22239, position = dummyPos))
-        assertEquals(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 9.99, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 9.99, position = dummyPos))
+        assertEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos))
+        assertEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 100, dummyPos))
+        assertEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos))
+        assertEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 254, dummyPos))
+        assertEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos))
+        assertEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 12345.0, dummyPos))
+        assertEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos))
+        assertEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 22239.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 22239, dummyPos))
+        assertEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos))
 
-        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 100, position = dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 100.0, position = dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 254, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 254, position = dummyPos)))
-        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 12345, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 12345, position = dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 12345, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 12345.0, position = dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 100.0, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 22239.0, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 22239, position = dummyPos)))
-        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 9.99, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 9.99, position = dummyPos)))
+        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 100, dummyPos)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 254, dummyPos)))
+        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 12345.0, dummyPos)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 22239.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 22239, dummyPos)))
+        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos)))
 
-        assertNotEquals(LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 101, position = dummyPos))
-        assertNotEquals(LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 101, position = dummyPos))
-        assertNotEquals(LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 101.0, position = dummyPos))
-        assertNotEquals(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 245, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 246, position = dummyPos))
-        assertNotEquals(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 12345, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 12346, position = dummyPos))
-        assertNotEquals(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 12345, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 12346.0, position = dummyPos))
-        assertNotEquals(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 9.99, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 9, position = dummyPos))
-        assertNotEquals(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 9.99, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 9, position = dummyPos))
-        assertNotEquals(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 9.99, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 9.0, position = dummyPos))
+        assertNotEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 101, dummyPos))
+        assertNotEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 101, dummyPos))
+        assertNotEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 101.0, dummyPos))
+        assertNotEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 245, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 246, dummyPos))
+        assertNotEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12346, dummyPos))
+        assertNotEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 12346.0, dummyPos))
+        assertNotEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 9, dummyPos))
+        assertNotEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 9, dummyPos))
+        assertNotEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.0, dummyPos))
 
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 101, position = dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 101, position = dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 101.0, position = dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 245, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 246, position = dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 12345, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 12346, position = dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 12345, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 12346.0, position = dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 9.99, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 9, position = dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 9.99, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 9, position = dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 9.99, position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 9.0, position = dummyPos)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 101, dummyPos)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 101, dummyPos)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 101.0, dummyPos)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 245, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 246, dummyPos)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12346, dummyPos)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 12346.0, dummyPos)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 9, dummyPos)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 9, dummyPos)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.0, dummyPos)))
 
-        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.STR, strvalue = "hello", position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.STR, strvalue = "hello", position = dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(LiteralValue(DataType.STR, strvalue = "hello", position = dummyPos), LiteralValue(DataType.STR, strvalue = "bye", position = dummyPos)))
 
-        val lvOne = LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 1, position = dummyPos)
-        val lvTwo = LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 2, position = dummyPos)
-        val lvThree = LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 3, position = dummyPos)
-        val lvOneR = LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 1, position = dummyPos)
-        val lvTwoR = LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 2, position = dummyPos)
-        val lvThreeR = LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 3, position = dummyPos)
-        val lvFour= LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 4, position = dummyPos)
-        val lv1 = LiteralValue(DataType.ARRAY_UB, arrayvalue = arrayOf(lvOne, lvTwo, lvThree), position = dummyPos)
-        val lv2 = LiteralValue(DataType.ARRAY_UB, arrayvalue = arrayOf(lvOneR, lvTwoR, lvThreeR), position = dummyPos)
-        val lv3 = LiteralValue(DataType.ARRAY_UB, arrayvalue = arrayOf(lvOneR, lvTwoR, lvFour), position = dummyPos)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testEqualsRef() {
+        assertEquals(StringLiteralValue("hello", dummyPos), StringLiteralValue("hello", dummyPos))
+        assertNotEquals(StringLiteralValue("hello", dummyPos), StringLiteralValue("bye", dummyPos))
+
+        val lvOne = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 1, dummyPos)
+        val lvTwo = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 2, dummyPos)
+        val lvThree = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 3, dummyPos)
+        val lvOneR = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 1, dummyPos)
+        val lvTwoR = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 2, dummyPos)
+        val lvThreeR = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 3, dummyPos)
+        val lvFour= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 4, dummyPos)
+        val lv1 = ArrayLiteralValue(DataType.ARRAY_UB, arrayOf(lvOne, lvTwo, lvThree), dummyPos)
+        val lv2 = ArrayLiteralValue(DataType.ARRAY_UB, arrayOf(lvOneR, lvTwoR, lvThreeR), dummyPos)
+        val lv3 = ArrayLiteralValue(DataType.ARRAY_UB, arrayOf(lvOneR, lvTwoR, lvFour), dummyPos)
         assertEquals(lv1, lv2)
         assertNotEquals(lv1, lv3)
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testGreaterThan(){
-        assertTrue(LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos) > LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 99, position = dummyPos))
-        assertTrue(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 254, position = dummyPos) > LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 253, position = dummyPos))
-        assertTrue(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 100.0, position = dummyPos) > LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 99.9, position = dummyPos))
+        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos) > NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 99, dummyPos))
+        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos) > NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 253, dummyPos))
+        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) > NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 99.9, dummyPos))
 
-        assertTrue(LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos) >= LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos))
-        assertTrue(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 254, position = dummyPos) >= LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 254, position = dummyPos))
-        assertTrue(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 100.0, position = dummyPos) >= LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 100.0, position = dummyPos))
+        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos) >= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos))
+        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos) >= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos))
+        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) >= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos))
 
-        assertFalse(LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos) > LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos))
-        assertFalse(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 254, position = dummyPos) > LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 254, position = dummyPos))
-        assertFalse(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 100.0, position = dummyPos) > LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 100.0, position = dummyPos))
+        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos) > NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos))
+        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos) > NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos))
+        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) > NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos))
 
-        assertFalse(LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos) >= LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 101, position = dummyPos))
-        assertFalse(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 254, position = dummyPos) >= LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 255, position = dummyPos))
-        assertFalse(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 100.0, position = dummyPos) >= LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 100.1, position = dummyPos))
+        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos) >= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 101, dummyPos))
+        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos) >= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 255, dummyPos))
+        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) >= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.1, dummyPos))
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testLessThan() {
-        assertTrue(LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos) < LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 101, position = dummyPos))
-        assertTrue(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 254, position = dummyPos) < LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 255, position = dummyPos))
-        assertTrue(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 100.0, position = dummyPos) < LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 100.1, position = dummyPos))
+        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos) < NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 101, dummyPos))
+        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos) < NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 255, dummyPos))
+        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) < NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.1, dummyPos))
 
-        assertTrue(LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos) <= LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos))
-        assertTrue(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 254, position = dummyPos) <= LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 254, position = dummyPos))
-        assertTrue(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 100.0, position = dummyPos) <= LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 100.0, position = dummyPos))
+        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos) <= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos))
+        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos) <= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos))
+        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) <= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos))
 
-        assertFalse(LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos) < LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos))
-        assertFalse(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 254, position = dummyPos) < LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 254, position = dummyPos))
-        assertFalse(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 100.0, position = dummyPos) < LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 100.0, position = dummyPos))
+        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos) < NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos))
+        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos) < NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos))
+        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) < NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos))
 
-        assertFalse(LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, position = dummyPos) <= LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 99, position = dummyPos))
-        assertFalse(LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 254, position = dummyPos) <= LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 253, position = dummyPos))
-        assertFalse(LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 100.0, position = dummyPos) <= LiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, floatvalue = 99.9, position = dummyPos))
+        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos) <= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 99, dummyPos))
+        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos) <= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 253, dummyPos))
+        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) <= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 99.9, dummyPos))
     }
 
 }

compiler/test/RuntimeValueTests.kt

@@ -3,66 +3,66 @@ package prog8tests
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance
 import prog8.ast.base.DataType
-import prog8.vm.RuntimeValue
+import prog8.vm.RuntimeValueNumeric
 import kotlin.test.*
 
 
-private fun sameValueAndType(v1: RuntimeValue, v2: RuntimeValue): Boolean {
+private fun sameValueAndType(v1: RuntimeValueNumeric, v2: RuntimeValueNumeric): Boolean {
     return v1.type==v2.type && v1==v2
 }
 
 
 @TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
-class TestRuntimeValue {
+class TestRuntimeValueNumeric {
 
     @Test
     fun testValueRanges() {
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(255, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 255).integerValue())
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, -1)}
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 256)}
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 0).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(255, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 255).integerValue())
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, -1)}
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 256)}
 
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 0).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-128, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, -128).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(127, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 127).integerValue())
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, -129)}
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 128)}
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 0).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-128, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, -128).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(127, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 127).integerValue())
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, -129)}
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 128)}
 
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 0).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(65535, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 65535).integerValue())
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, -1)}
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 65536)}
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 0).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(65535, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 65535).integerValue())
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, -1)}
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 65536)}
 
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 0).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-32768, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, -32768).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(32767, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 32767).integerValue())
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, -32769)}
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 32768)}
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 0).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-32768, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, -32768).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(32767, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 32767).integerValue())
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, -32769)}
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 32768)}
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testTruthiness()
     {
-        assertFalse(RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 0).asBoolean)
-        assertFalse(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0).asBoolean)
-        assertFalse(RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 0).asBoolean)
-        assertFalse(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 0).asBoolean)
-        assertFalse(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 0.0).asBoolean)
+        assertFalse(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 0).asBoolean)
+        assertFalse(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 0).asBoolean)
+        assertFalse(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 0).asBoolean)
+        assertFalse(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 0).asBoolean)
+        assertFalse(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 0.0).asBoolean)
 
-        assertTrue(RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 42).asBoolean)
-        assertTrue(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 42).asBoolean)
-        assertTrue(RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 42).asBoolean)
-        assertTrue(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 42).asBoolean)
-        assertTrue(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 42.0).asBoolean)
-        assertTrue(RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, -42).asBoolean)
-        assertTrue(RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, -42).asBoolean)
-        assertTrue(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, -42.0).asBoolean)
+        assertTrue(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 42).asBoolean)
+        assertTrue(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 42).asBoolean)
+        assertTrue(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 42).asBoolean)
+        assertTrue(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 42).asBoolean)
+        assertTrue(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 42.0).asBoolean)
+        assertTrue(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, -42).asBoolean)
+        assertTrue(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, -42).asBoolean)
+        assertTrue(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, -42.0).asBoolean)
     }
 
 
     @Test
     fun testIdentity() {
-        val v = RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345)
+        val v = RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 12345)
         assertEquals(v, v)
         assertFalse(v != v)
         assertTrue(v<=v)
@@ -70,312 +70,283 @@ class TestRuntimeValue {
         assertFalse(v<v)
         assertFalse(v>v)
 
-        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100)))
+        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100)))
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testEqualsAndNotEquals() {
-        assertEquals(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100))
-        assertEquals(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 100))
-        assertEquals(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100))
-        assertEquals(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 254), RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 254))
-        assertEquals(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345), RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345))
-        assertEquals(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345), RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 12345))
-        assertEquals(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0), RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100))
-        assertEquals(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 22239.0), RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 22239))
-        assertEquals(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99), RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99))
+        assertEquals(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100))
+        assertEquals(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 100))
+        assertEquals(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 100))
+        assertEquals(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 254), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 254))
+        assertEquals(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 12345), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 12345))
+        assertEquals(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 12345), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 12345))
+        assertEquals(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100))
+        assertEquals(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 22239.0), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 22239))
+        assertEquals(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99))
 
-        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 100)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 254), RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 254)))
-        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345), RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345), RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 12345)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0), RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 22239.0), RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 22239)))
-        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99), RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99)))
+        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 100)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 100)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 254), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 254)))
+        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 12345), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 12345)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 12345), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 12345)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 22239.0), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 22239)))
+        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99)))
 
-        assertNotEquals(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 101))
-        assertNotEquals(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 101))
-        assertNotEquals(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 101))
-        assertNotEquals(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 245), RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 246))
-        assertNotEquals(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345), RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 12346))
-        assertNotEquals(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345), RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 12346))
-        assertNotEquals(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99), RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 9))
-        assertNotEquals(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99), RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 9))
-        assertNotEquals(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99), RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.0))
+        assertNotEquals(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 101))
+        assertNotEquals(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 101))
+        assertNotEquals(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 101))
+        assertNotEquals(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 245), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 246))
+        assertNotEquals(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 12345), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 12346))
+        assertNotEquals(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 12345), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 12346))
+        assertNotEquals(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 9))
+        assertNotEquals(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 9))
+        assertNotEquals(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 9.0))
 
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 101)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 101)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 101)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 245), RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 246)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345), RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 12346)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345), RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 12346)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99), RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 9)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99), RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 9)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99), RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.0)))
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testRequireHeap()
-    {
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValue(DataType.STR, num = 999) }
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValue(DataType.STR_S, num = 999) }
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValue(DataType.ARRAY_F, num = 999) }
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValue(DataType.ARRAY_W, num = 999) }
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValue(DataType.ARRAY_UW, num = 999) }
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValue(DataType.ARRAY_B, num = 999) }
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { RuntimeValue(DataType.ARRAY_UB, num = 999) }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun testEqualityHeapTypes()
-    {
-        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.STR, heapId = 999), RuntimeValue(DataType.STR, heapId = 999)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.STR, heapId = 999), RuntimeValue(DataType.STR, heapId = 222)))
-
-        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.ARRAY_UB, heapId = 99), RuntimeValue(DataType.ARRAY_UB, heapId = 99)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.ARRAY_UB, heapId = 99), RuntimeValue(DataType.ARRAY_UB, heapId = 22)))
-
-        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.ARRAY_UW, heapId = 999), RuntimeValue(DataType.ARRAY_UW, heapId = 999)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.ARRAY_UW, heapId = 999), RuntimeValue(DataType.ARRAY_UW, heapId = 222)))
-
-        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.ARRAY_F, heapId = 999), RuntimeValue(DataType.ARRAY_F, heapId = 999)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.ARRAY_F, heapId = 999), RuntimeValue(DataType.ARRAY_UW, heapId = 999)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValue(DataType.ARRAY_F, heapId = 999), RuntimeValue(DataType.ARRAY_F, heapId = 222)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 101)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 101)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 101)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 245), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 246)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 12345), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 12346)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 12345), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 12346)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 9)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 9)))
+        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99), RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 9.0)))
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testGreaterThan(){
-        assertTrue(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100) > RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 99))
-        assertTrue(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 254) > RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 253))
-        assertTrue(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0) > RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 99.9))
+        assertTrue(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100) > RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 99))
+        assertTrue(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 254) > RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 253))
+        assertTrue(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0) > RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 99.9))
 
-        assertTrue(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100) >= RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100))
-        assertTrue(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 254) >= RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 254))
-        assertTrue(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0) >= RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0))
+        assertTrue(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100) >= RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100))
+        assertTrue(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 254) >= RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 254))
+        assertTrue(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0) >= RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0))
 
-        assertFalse(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100) > RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100))
-        assertFalse(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 254) > RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 254))
-        assertFalse(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0) > RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0))
+        assertFalse(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100) > RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100))
+        assertFalse(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 254) > RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 254))
+        assertFalse(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0) > RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0))
 
-        assertFalse(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100) >= RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 101))
-        assertFalse(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 254) >= RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 255))
-        assertFalse(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0) >= RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.1))
+        assertFalse(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100) >= RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 101))
+        assertFalse(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 254) >= RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 255))
+        assertFalse(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0) >= RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 100.1))
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testLessThan() {
-        assertTrue(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100) < RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 101))
-        assertTrue(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 254) < RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 255))
-        assertTrue(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0) < RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.1))
+        assertTrue(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100) < RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 101))
+        assertTrue(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 254) < RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 255))
+        assertTrue(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0) < RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 100.1))
 
-        assertTrue(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100) <= RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100))
-        assertTrue(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 254) <= RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 254))
-        assertTrue(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0) <= RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0))
+        assertTrue(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100) <= RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100))
+        assertTrue(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 254) <= RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 254))
+        assertTrue(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0) <= RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0))
 
-        assertFalse(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100) < RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100))
-        assertFalse(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 254) < RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 254))
-        assertFalse(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0) < RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0))
+        assertFalse(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100) < RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100))
+        assertFalse(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 254) < RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 254))
+        assertFalse(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0) < RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0))
 
-        assertFalse(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100) <= RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 99))
-        assertFalse(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 254) <= RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 253))
-        assertFalse(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0) <= RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 99.9))
+        assertFalse(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100) <= RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 99))
+        assertFalse(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 254) <= RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 253))
+        assertFalse(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0) <= RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 99.9))
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testNoDtConversion() {
         assertFailsWith<ArithmeticException> {
-            RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 100).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 120))
+            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 100).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 120))
         }
         assertFailsWith<ArithmeticException> {
-            RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 120))
+            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 120))
         }
         assertFailsWith<ArithmeticException> {
-            RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.22).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 120))
+            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 100.22).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 120))
         }
         assertFailsWith<ArithmeticException> {
-            RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 1002).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 120.22))
+            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 1002).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 120.22))
         }
         assertFailsWith<ArithmeticException> {
-            RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.22).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 120))
+            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 100.22).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 120))
         }
         assertFailsWith<ArithmeticException> {
-            RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 12).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 120.22))
+            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 12).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 120.22))
         }
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testNoAutoFloatConversion() {
         assertFailsWith<ArithmeticException> {
-            RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 233).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 1.234))
+            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 233).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 1.234))
         }
         assertFailsWith<ArithmeticException> {
-            RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 233).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 1.234))
+            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 233).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 1.234))
         }
         assertFailsWith<ArithmeticException> {
-            RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 233).mul(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 1.234))
+            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 233).mul(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 1.234))
         }
         assertFailsWith<ArithmeticException> {
-            RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 233).mul(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 1.234))
+            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 233).mul(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 1.234))
         }
         assertFailsWith<ArithmeticException> {
-            RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 233).div(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 1.234))
+            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 233).div(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 1.234))
         }
         assertFailsWith<ArithmeticException> {
-            RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 233).div(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 1.234))
+            RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 233).div(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 1.234))
         }
-        val result = RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 233.333).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 1.234))
+        val result = RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 233.333).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 1.234))
     }
 
     @Test
     fun arithmetictestUbyte() {
-        assertEquals(255, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 200).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 55)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 200).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 56)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(1, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 200).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 57)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(255, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 200).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 55)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 200).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 56)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(1, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 200).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 57)).integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(1, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 2).sub(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 1)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 2).sub(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 2)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(255, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 2).sub(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 3)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(1, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 2).sub(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 1)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 2).sub(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 2)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(255, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 2).sub(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 3)).integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(255, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 254).inc().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 255).inc().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 1).dec().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(255, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0).dec().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(255, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 254).inc().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 255).inc().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 1).dec().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(255, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 0).dec().integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(255, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0).inv().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0b00110011, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0b11001100).inv().integerValue())
-//        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0).neg().integerValue())
-//        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0).neg().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(1, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0).not().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 1).not().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 111).not().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 255).not().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(255, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 0).inv().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0b00110011, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 0b11001100).inv().integerValue())
+//        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 0).neg().integerValue())
+//        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 0).neg().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(1, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 0).not().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 1).not().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 111).not().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 255).not().integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(200, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 20).mul(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 10)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(144, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 20).mul(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 20)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(200, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 20).mul(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 10)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(144, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 20).mul(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 20)).integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(25, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 5).pow(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 2)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(125, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 5).pow(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 3)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(113, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 5).pow(RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 4)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(25, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 5).pow(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 2)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(125, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 5).pow(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 3)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(113, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 5).pow(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 4)).integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(100, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 50).shl().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(200, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100).shl().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(144, RuntimeValue(DataType.UBYTE, 200).shl().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(100, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 50).shl().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(200, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 100).shl().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(144, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UBYTE, 200).shl().integerValue())
     }
 
     @Test
     fun arithmetictestUWord() {
-        assertEquals(65535, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 60000).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 5535)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 60000).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 5536)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(1, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 60000).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 5537)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(65535, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 60000).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 5535)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 60000).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 5536)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(1, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 60000).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 5537)).integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(1, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 2).sub(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 1)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 2).sub(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 2)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(65535, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 2).sub(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 3)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(1, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 2).sub(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 1)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 2).sub(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 2)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(65535, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 2).sub(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 3)).integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(65535, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 65534).inc().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 65535).inc().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 1).dec().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(65535, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 0).dec().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(65535, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 65534).inc().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 65535).inc().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 1).dec().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(65535, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 0).dec().integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(65535, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 0).inv().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0b0011001101010101, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 0b1100110010101010).inv().integerValue())
-//        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 0).neg().integerValue())
-//        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 0).neg().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(1, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 0).not().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 1).not().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 11111).not().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 65535).not().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(65535, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 0).inv().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0b0011001101010101, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 0b1100110010101010).inv().integerValue())
+//        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 0).neg().integerValue())
+//        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 0).neg().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(1, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 0).not().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 1).not().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 11111).not().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 65535).not().integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(2000, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 200).mul(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 10)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(40000, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 200).mul(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 200)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(14464, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 200).mul(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 400)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(2000, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 200).mul(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 10)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(40000, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 200).mul(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 200)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(14464, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 200).mul(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 400)).integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(15625, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 5).pow(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 6)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(12589, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 5).pow(RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 7)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(15625, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 5).pow(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 6)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(12589, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 5).pow(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 7)).integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(10000, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 5000).shl().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(60000, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 30000).shl().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(14464, RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 40000).shl().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(10000, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 5000).shl().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(60000, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 30000).shl().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(14464, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 40000).shl().integerValue())
     }
 
     @Test
     fun arithmetictestByte() {
-        assertEquals(127, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 100).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 27)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-128, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 100).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 28)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-127, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 100).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 29)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(127, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 100).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 27)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-128, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 100).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 28)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-127, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 100).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 29)).integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(1, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 2).sub(RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 1)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 2).sub(RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 2)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-1, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 2).sub(RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 3)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-128, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, -100).sub(RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 28)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(127, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, -100).sub(RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 29)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(1, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 2).sub(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 1)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 2).sub(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 2)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-1, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 2).sub(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 3)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-128, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, -100).sub(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 28)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(127, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, -100).sub(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 29)).integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(127, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 126).inc().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-128, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 127).inc().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 1).dec().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-1, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 0).dec().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-128, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, -127).dec().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(127, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, -128).dec().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(127, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 126).inc().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-128, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 127).inc().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 1).dec().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-1, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 0).dec().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-128, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, -127).dec().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(127, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, -128).dec().integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(-1, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 0).inv().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-103, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 0b01100110).inv().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 0).neg().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-2, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 2).neg().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(1, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 0).not().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 1).not().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 111).not().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, -33).not().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-1, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 0).inv().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-103, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 0b01100110).inv().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 0).neg().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-2, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 2).neg().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(1, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 0).not().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 1).not().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 111).not().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, -33).not().integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(100, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 10).mul(RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 10)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-56, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 20).mul(RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 10)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(100, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 10).mul(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 10)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-56, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 20).mul(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 10)).integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(25, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 5).pow(RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 2)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(125, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 5).pow(RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 3)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(113, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 5).pow(RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 4)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(25, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 5).pow(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 2)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(125, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 5).pow(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 3)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(113, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 5).pow(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 4)).integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(100, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 50).shl().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-56, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, 100).shl().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-2, RuntimeValue(DataType.BYTE, -1).shl().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(100, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 50).shl().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-56, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, 100).shl().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-2, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.BYTE, -1).shl().integerValue())
     }
 
     @Test
     fun arithmetictestWorrd() {
-        assertEquals(32767, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 32700).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 67)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-32768, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 32700).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 68)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-32767, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 32700).add(RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 69)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(32767, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 32700).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 67)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-32768, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 32700).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 68)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-32767, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 32700).add(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 69)).integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(1, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 2).sub(RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 1)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 2).sub(RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 2)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-1, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 2).sub(RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 3)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-32768, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, -32700).sub(RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 68)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(32767, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, -32700).sub(RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 69)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(1, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 2).sub(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 1)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 2).sub(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 2)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-1, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 2).sub(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 3)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-32768, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, -32700).sub(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 68)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(32767, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, -32700).sub(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 69)).integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(32767, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 32766).inc().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-32768, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 32767).inc().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 1).dec().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-1, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 0).dec().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-32768, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, -32767).dec().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(32767, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, -32768).dec().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(32767, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 32766).inc().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-32768, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 32767).inc().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 1).dec().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-1, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 0).dec().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-32768, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, -32767).dec().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(32767, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, -32768).dec().integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(-1, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 0).inv().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-103, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 0b01100110).inv().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 0).neg().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-2, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 2).neg().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(1, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 0).not().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 1).not().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 111).not().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, -33).not().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-1, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 0).inv().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-103, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 0b01100110).inv().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 0).neg().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-2, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 2).neg().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(1, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 0).not().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 1).not().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 111).not().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(0, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, -33).not().integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(10000, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 100).mul(RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 100)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-25536, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 200).mul(RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 200)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(10000, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 100).mul(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 100)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-25536, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 200).mul(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 200)).integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(15625, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 5).pow(RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 6)).integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-6487, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 9).pow(RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 5)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(15625, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 5).pow(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 6)).integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-6487, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 9).pow(RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 5)).integerValue())
 
-        assertEquals(18000, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 9000).shl().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-25536, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, 20000).shl().integerValue())
-        assertEquals(-2, RuntimeValue(DataType.WORD, -1).shl().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(18000, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 9000).shl().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-25536, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, 20000).shl().integerValue())
+        assertEquals(-2, RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.WORD, -1).shl().integerValue())
     }
 }

compiler/test/UnitTests.kt

@@ -7,18 +7,18 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance
 import prog8.ast.base.DataType
 import prog8.ast.base.Position
-import prog8.ast.expressions.LiteralValue
-import prog8.vm.RuntimeValue
+import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.expressions.StringLiteralValue
 import prog8.compiler.*
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.MachineDefinition.Mflpt5
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.MachineDefinition.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.MachineDefinition.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.MachineDefinition.C64Zeropage
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.C64Zeropage
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.Mflpt5
 import prog8.compiler.target.c64.Petscii
+import prog8.vm.RuntimeValueNumeric
 import java.io.CharConversionException
 import kotlin.test.*
 
-
 @TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
 class TestCompiler {
     @Test
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ class TestCompiler {
         assertFailsWith<CompilerException> { 65536L.toHex()  }
     }
 
-
     @Test
     fun testFloatToMflpt5() {
         assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(0), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)))
@@ -96,29 +95,29 @@ class TestCompiler {
 
     @Test
     fun testMflpt5ToFloat() {
-        val PRECISION=0.000000001
+        val epsilon=0.000000001
         assertThat(Mflpt5(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00).toDouble(), equalTo(0.0))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x82, 0x49, 0x0F, 0xDA, 0xA1).toDouble(), closeTo(3.141592653, PRECISION))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x82, 0x49, 0x0F, 0xDA, 0xA2).toDouble(), closeTo(3.141592653589793, PRECISION))
+        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x82, 0x49, 0x0F, 0xDA, 0xA1).toDouble(), closeTo(3.141592653, epsilon))
+        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x82, 0x49, 0x0F, 0xDA, 0xA2).toDouble(), closeTo(3.141592653589793, epsilon))
         assertThat(Mflpt5(0x90, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00).toDouble(), equalTo(32768.0))
         assertThat(Mflpt5(0x90, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00).toDouble(), equalTo(-32768.0))
         assertThat(Mflpt5(0x81, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00).toDouble(), equalTo(1.0))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x35, 0x04, 0xF3, 0x34).toDouble(), closeTo(0.7071067812, PRECISION))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x35, 0x04, 0xF3, 0x33).toDouble(), closeTo(0.7071067811865476, PRECISION))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x81, 0x35, 0x04, 0xF3, 0x34).toDouble(), closeTo(1.4142135624, PRECISION))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x81, 0x35, 0x04, 0xF3, 0x33).toDouble(), closeTo(1.4142135623730951, PRECISION))
+        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x35, 0x04, 0xF3, 0x34).toDouble(), closeTo(0.7071067812, epsilon))
+        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x35, 0x04, 0xF3, 0x33).toDouble(), closeTo(0.7071067811865476, epsilon))
+        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x81, 0x35, 0x04, 0xF3, 0x34).toDouble(), closeTo(1.4142135624, epsilon))
+        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x81, 0x35, 0x04, 0xF3, 0x33).toDouble(), closeTo(1.4142135623730951, epsilon))
         assertThat(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00).toDouble(), equalTo(-.5))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x31, 0x72, 0x17, 0xF8).toDouble(), closeTo(0.69314718061, PRECISION))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x31, 0x72, 0x17, 0xF7).toDouble(), closeTo(0.6931471805599453, PRECISION))
+        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x31, 0x72, 0x17, 0xF8).toDouble(), closeTo(0.69314718061, epsilon))
+        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x31, 0x72, 0x17, 0xF7).toDouble(), closeTo(0.6931471805599453, epsilon))
         assertThat(Mflpt5(0x84, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00).toDouble(), equalTo(10.0))
         assertThat(Mflpt5(0x9E, 0x6E, 0x6B, 0x28, 0x00).toDouble(), equalTo(1000000000.0))
         assertThat(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00).toDouble(), equalTo(.5))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x81, 0x38, 0xAA, 0x3B, 0x29).toDouble(), closeTo(1.4426950408889634, PRECISION))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x81, 0x49, 0x0F, 0xDA, 0xA2).toDouble(), closeTo(1.5707963267948966, PRECISION))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x83, 0x49, 0x0F, 0xDA, 0xA2).toDouble(), closeTo(6.283185307179586, PRECISION))
+        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x81, 0x38, 0xAA, 0x3B, 0x29).toDouble(), closeTo(1.4426950408889634, epsilon))
+        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x81, 0x49, 0x0F, 0xDA, 0xA2).toDouble(), closeTo(1.5707963267948966, epsilon))
+        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x83, 0x49, 0x0F, 0xDA, 0xA2).toDouble(), closeTo(6.283185307179586, epsilon))
         assertThat(Mflpt5(0x7F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00).toDouble(), equalTo(.25))
         assertThat(Mflpt5(0xd1, 0x02, 0xb7, 0x06, 0xfb).toDouble(), closeTo(123.45678e22, 1.0e15))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x3e, 0xe9, 0x34, 0x09, 0x1b).toDouble(), closeTo(-123.45678e-22, PRECISION))
+        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x3e, 0xe9, 0x34, 0x09, 0x1b).toDouble(), closeTo(-123.45678e-22, epsilon))
     }
 }
 
@@ -144,9 +143,13 @@ class TestZeropage {
         assertFailsWith<CompilerException> {
             zp.allocate("", DataType.FLOAT, null)
         }
-        val zp2 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, emptyList(), true))
+        val zp2 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE, emptyList(), true))
+        assertFailsWith<CompilerException> {
             zp2.allocate("", DataType.FLOAT, null)
         }
+        val zp3 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, emptyList(), true))
+        zp3.allocate("", DataType.FLOAT, null)
+    }
 
     @Test
     fun testZpModesWithFloats() {
@@ -164,14 +167,24 @@ class TestZeropage {
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun testZpDontuse() {
+        val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE, emptyList(), false))
+        println(zp.free)
+        assertEquals(0, zp.available())
+        assertFailsWith<CompilerException> {
+            zp.allocate("", DataType.BYTE, null)
+        }
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun testFreeSpaces() {
         val zp1 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), true))
-        assertEquals(20, zp1.available())
+        assertEquals(16, zp1.available())
         val zp2 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, emptyList(), false))
-        assertEquals(95, zp2.available())
+        assertEquals(91, zp2.available())
         val zp3 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE, emptyList(), false))
-        assertEquals(129, zp3.available())
+        assertEquals(125, zp3.available())
         val zp4 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false))
         assertEquals(238, zp4.available())
     }
@@ -201,11 +214,10 @@ class TestZeropage {
     @Test
     fun testBasicsafeAllocation() {
         val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), true))
-        assertEquals(20, zp.available())
+        assertEquals(16, zp.available())
 
-        zp.allocate("", DataType.FLOAT, null)
         assertFailsWith<ZeropageDepletedError> {
-            // in regular zp there aren't 5 sequential bytes free after we take the first sequence
+            // in regular zp there aren't 5 sequential bytes free
             zp.allocate("", DataType.FLOAT, null)
         }
 
@@ -255,16 +267,16 @@ class TestZeropage {
     @Test
     fun testEfficientAllocation() {
         val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(),  true))
-        assertEquals(20, zp.available())
-        assertEquals(0x04, zp.allocate("", DataType.FLOAT, null))
-        assertEquals(0x09, zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null))
-        assertEquals(0x0d, zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null))
+        assertEquals(16, zp.available())
+        assertEquals(0x04, zp.allocate("", DataType.WORD, null))
+        assertEquals(0x06, zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null))
+        assertEquals(0x0a, zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null))
         assertEquals(0x94, zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null))
         assertEquals(0xa7, zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null))
         assertEquals(0xa9, zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null))
         assertEquals(0xb5, zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null))
         assertEquals(0xf7, zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null))
-        assertEquals(0x0a, zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null))
+        assertEquals(0x0e, zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null))
         assertEquals(0xf9, zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null))
         assertEquals(0, zp.available())
     }
@@ -340,8 +352,8 @@ class TestPetscii {
 
     @Test
     fun testLiteralValueComparisons() {
-        val ten = LiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, wordvalue = 10, position = Position("", 0, 0, 0))
-        val nine = LiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, bytevalue = 9, position = Position("", 0, 0, 0))
+        val ten = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 10, Position("", 0, 0, 0))
+        val nine = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 9, Position("", 0, 0, 0))
         assertEquals(ten, ten)
         assertNotEquals(ten, nine)
         assertFalse(ten != ten)
@@ -357,23 +369,17 @@ class TestPetscii {
         assertTrue(ten <= ten)
         assertFalse(ten < ten)
 
-        val abc = LiteralValue(DataType.STR, strvalue = "abc", position = Position("", 0, 0, 0))
-        val abd = LiteralValue(DataType.STR, strvalue = "abd", position = Position("", 0, 0, 0))
+        val abc = StringLiteralValue("abc", Position("", 0, 0, 0))
+        val abd = StringLiteralValue("abd", Position("", 0, 0, 0))
         assertEquals(abc, abc)
         assertTrue(abc!=abd)
         assertFalse(abc!=abc)
-        assertTrue(abc < abd)
-        assertTrue(abc <= abd)
-        assertFalse(abd <= abc)
-        assertTrue(abd >= abc)
-        assertTrue(abd > abc)
-        assertFalse(abc > abd)
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testStackvmValueComparisons() {
-        val ten = RuntimeValue(DataType.FLOAT, 10)
-        val nine = RuntimeValue(DataType.UWORD, 9)
+        val ten = RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.FLOAT, 10)
+        val nine = RuntimeValueNumeric(DataType.UWORD, 9)
         assertEquals(ten, ten)
         assertNotEquals(ten, nine)
         assertFalse(ten != ten)

docs/docs.iml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build" />
     </content>
-    <orderEntry type="jdk" jdkName="Python 3.7 (py3)" jdkType="Python SDK" />
+    <orderEntry type="jdk" jdkName="Python 3.8 virtualenv" jdkType="Python SDK" />
     <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
   </component>
 </module>

docs/source/building.rst

@@ -87,6 +87,20 @@ If you use the option to let the compiler auto-start a C-64 emulator, it will do
 a successful compilation. This will load your program and the symbol and breakpoint lists
 (for the machine code monitor) into the emulator.
 
+Continuous compilation mode
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Almost instant compilation times (less than a second) can be achieved when using the continuous compilation mode.
+Start the compiler with the ``-watch`` argument to enable this.
+It will compile your program and then instead of exiting, it waits for any changes in the module source files.
+As soon as a change happens, the program gets compiled again.
+
+Other options
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+There's an option to specify the output directory if you're not happy with the default (the current working directory).
+Also it is possible to specify more than one main module to compile:
+this can be useful to quickly recompile multiple separate programs quickly.
+(compiling in a batch like this is a lot faster than invoking the compiler again once per main file)
+
 
 Module source code files
 ------------------------
@@ -101,6 +115,13 @@ They are embedded into the packaged release version of the compiler so you don't
 where they are, but their names are still reserved.
 
 
+User defined library files
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+You can create library files yourself too that can be shared among programs.
+You can tell the compiler where it should look for these files, by setting the java command line property ``prog8.libdir``
+or by setting the ``PROG8_LIBDIR`` environment variable to the correct directory.
+
+
 .. _debugging:
 
 Debugging (with Vice)
@@ -149,22 +170,16 @@ or::
 
 
 
-Virtual Machine
----------------
+Virtual Machine / Simulator
+---------------------------
 
-You may have noticed the ``-avm`` and ``-vm`` command line options for the compiler:
+You may have noticed the ``-sim`` command line option for the compiler:
 
--avm
-    Launches the "AST virtual machine" that directly executes the parsed program.
+-sim
+    Launches the "AST virtual machine Simulator" that directly executes the parsed program.
     No compilation steps will be performed.
     Allows for very fast testing and debugging before actually compiling programs
     to machine code.
     It simulates a bare minimum of features from the target platform, so most stuff
     that calls ROM routines or writes into hardware registers won't work. But basic
     system routines are emulated.
-
--vm   <vm bytecode file>
-    Launches the "intermediate code VM"
-    it interprets the intermediate code that the compiler can write when using the ``-writevm``
-    option. This is the code that will be fed to the assembly code generator,
-    so you'll skip that last step.

docs/source/index.rst

@@ -37,15 +37,15 @@ This software is licensed under the GNU GPL 3.0, see https://www.gnu.org/license
     :alt: Fully playable tetris clone
 
 
-Code example
-------------
+Code examples
+-------------
 
 This code calculates prime numbers using the Sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm::
 
     %import c64utils
     %zeropage basicsafe
 
-    ~ main {
+    main {
 
         ubyte[256] sieve
         ubyte candidate_prime = 2
@@ -89,13 +89,47 @@ This code calculates prime numbers using the Sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm::
     }
 
 
-when compiled an ran on a C-64 you'll get:
+when compiled an ran on a C-64 you get this:
 
 .. image:: _static/primes_example.png
     :align: center
     :alt: result when run on C-64
 
 
+The following programs shows a use of the high level ``struct`` type::
+
+    %import c64utils
+    %zeropage basicsafe
+
+    main {
+
+        struct Color {
+            ubyte red
+            ubyte green
+            ubyte blue
+        }
+
+        sub start() {
+
+            Color purple = {255, 0, 255}
+            Color other
+            other = purple
+            other.red /= 2
+            other.green = 10 + other.green / 2
+            other.blue = 99
+
+            c64scr.print_ub(other.red)
+            c64.CHROUT(',')
+            c64scr.print_ub(other.green)
+            c64.CHROUT(',')
+            c64scr.print_ub(other.blue)
+            c64.CHROUT('\n')
+        }
+    }
+
+when compiled and ran, it prints  ``127,10,99`` on the screen.
+
+
 Design principles and features
 ------------------------------
 
@@ -106,7 +140,8 @@ Design principles and features
 - 'One statement per line' code style, resulting in clear readable programs.
 - Modular programming and scoping via modules, code blocks, and subroutines.
 - Provide high level programming constructs but stay close to the metal;
-  still able to directly use memory addresses, CPU registers and ROM subroutines
+  still able to directly use memory addresses, CPU registers and ROM subroutines,
+  and inline assembly to have full control when every cycle or byte matters
 - Arbitrary number of subroutine parameters (constrained only by available memory)
 - Complex nested expressions are possible
 - Values are typed. Types supported include signed and unsigned bytes and words, arrays, strings and floats.
@@ -116,13 +151,14 @@ Design principles and features
   the compiled program in an emulator and provide debugging information to the emulator.
 - The compiler outputs a regular 6502 assembly source code file, but doesn't assemble this itself.
   The (separate) '64tass' cross-assembler tool is used for that.
-- Goto is usually considered harmful, but not here: arbitrary control flow jumps and branches are possible,
+- Arbitrary control flow jumps and branches are possible,
   and will usually translate directly into the appropriate single 6502 jump/branch instruction.
 - There are no complicated built-in error handling or overflow checks, you'll have to take care
   of this yourself if required. This keeps the language and code simple and efficient.
 - The compiler tries to optimize the program and generated code, but hand-tuning of the
   performance or space-critical parts will likely still be required. This is supported by
   the ability to easily write embedded assembly code directly in the program source code.
+- There are many built-in functions such as ``sin``, ``cos``, ``rnd``, ``abs``, ``min``, ``max``, ``sqrt``, ``msb``, ``rol``, ``ror``, ``swap``, ``memset``, ``memcopy``, ``sort`` and ``reverse``
 
 
 .. _requirements:

docs/source/programming.rst

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Blocks, Scopes, and accessing Symbols
 **Blocks** are the top level separate pieces of code and data of your program. They are combined
 into a single output program.  No code or data can occur outside a block. Here's an example::
 
-	~ main $c000 {
+	main $c000 {
 		; this is code inside the block...
 	}
 
@@ -127,12 +127,20 @@ The address must be >= ``$0200`` (because ``$00``--``$ff`` is the ZP and ``$100`
 to them by their 'short' name directly.  If the symbol is not found in the same scope,
 the enclosing scope is searched for it, and so on, until the symbol is found.
 
-Scopes are created using several statements:
+Scopes are created using either of these two statements:
 
 - blocks  (top-level named scope)
-- subroutines   (nested named scopes)
-- for, while, repeat loops   (anonymous scope)
-- if statements and branching conditionals    (anonymous scope)
+- subroutines   (nested named scope)
+
+.. note::
+    In contrast to many other programming languages, a new scope is *not* created inside
+    for, while and repeat statements, nor for the if statement and branching conditionals.
+    This is a bit restrictive because you have to think harder about what variables you
+    want to use inside a subroutine. But it is done precisely for this reason; memory in the
+    target system is very limited and it would be a waste to allocate a lot of variables.
+
+    Right now the prog8 compiler is not advanced enough to be able to 'share' or 'overlap'
+    variables intelligently by itself. So for now, it's something the programmer has to think about.
 
 
 Program Start and Entry Point
@@ -151,7 +159,7 @@ taking no parameters and having no return value.
 
 As any subroutine, it has to end with a ``return`` statement (or a ``goto`` call)::
 
-	~ main {
+	main {
 	    sub start ()  {
 	        ; program entrypoint code here
 	        return
@@ -237,6 +245,7 @@ Arrays
 ^^^^^^
 Array types are also supported. They can be made of bytes, words or floats::
 
+    byte[10]  array                   ; array of 10 bytes, initially set to 0
     byte[]  array = [1, 2, 3, 4]      ; initialize the array, size taken from value
     byte[99] array = 255              ; initialize array with 99 times 255 [255, 255, 255, 255, ...]
     byte[] array = 100 to 199         ; initialize array with [100, 101, ..., 198, 199]
@@ -262,15 +271,21 @@ Strings
 Strings are a sequence of characters enclosed in ``"`` quotes. The length is limited to 255 characters.
 They're stored and treated much the same as a byte array,
 but they have some special properties because they are considered to be *text*.
-Strings in your source code files will be encoded (translated from ASCII/UTF-8) into either CBM PETSCII or C-64 screencodes.
-PETSCII is the default choice. If you need screencodes (also called 'poke' codes) instead,
-you have to use the ``str_s`` variants of the string type identifier.
+Strings in your source code files will be encoded (translated from ASCII/UTF-8) into the byte-encoding
+that is used on the target platform. For the C-64, this is CBM PETSCII.
+
+You can concatenate two string literals using '+' (not very useful though) or repeat
+a string literal a given number of times using '*'::
+
+    str string1 = "first part" + "second part"
+    str string2 = "hello!" * 10
+
 
 .. caution::
-    It's probably best that you don't change strings after they're created.
+    Avoid changing strings after they've been created.
     This is because if your program exits and is restarted (without loading it again),
-    it will then operate on the changed strings instead of the original ones.
-    The same is true for arrays by the way.
+    it will then start working with the changed strings instead of the original ones.
+    The same is true for arrays.
 
 
 Structs
@@ -285,9 +300,9 @@ Structs are a bit limited in Prog8: you can only use numerical variables
 as member of a struct, so strings and arrays and other structs can not be part of a struct.
 Also, it is not possible to use a struct itself inside an array.
 Structs are mainly syntactic sugar for repeated groups of vardecls
-and assignments that belong together. However, *they are layed out
-in sequence in memory as the members are defined* which may be useful
-if you want to pass pointers around
+and assignments that belong together. However,
+*they are layed out in sequence in memory as the members are defined*
+which may be usefulif you want to pass pointers around.
 
 To create a variable of a struct type you need to define the struct itself,
 and then create a variable with it::
@@ -298,7 +313,7 @@ and then create a variable with it::
         ubyte blue
     }
 
-    Color rgb = [255,122,0]
+    Color rgb = {255,122,0}     ; note the curly braces here instead of brackets
     Color another               ; the init value is optional, like arrays
 
     another = rgb           ; assign all of the values of rgb to another
@@ -354,10 +369,17 @@ Initial values across multiple runs of the program
 When declaring values with an initial value, this value will be set into the variable each time
 the program reaches the declaration again. This can be in loops, multiple subroutine calls,
 or even multiple invocations of the entire program.  If you omit an initial value, it will
-be set to zero only for the first run of the program. A second run will utilize the last value
+be set to zero *but only for the first run of the program*. A second run will utilize the last value
 where it left off (but your code will be a bit smaller because no initialization instructions
 are generated)
 
+This only works for simple types, *and not for string variables and arrays*.
+It is assumed these are left unchanged by the program; they are not re-initialized on
+a second run.
+If you do modify them in-place, you should take care yourself that they work as
+expected when the program is restarted.
+(This is an optimization choice to avoid having to store two copies of every string and array)
+
 .. caution::
    variables that get allocated in zero-page will *not* have a zero starting value when you omit
    the variable's initialization. They'll be whatever the last value in that zero page
@@ -367,19 +389,12 @@ are generated)
     this behavior may change in a future version so that subsequent runs always
     use the same initial values
 
-This only works for simple types, *and not for string variables and arrays*.
-It is assumed these are left unchanged by the program.
-If you do modify them in-place, you should take care yourself that they work as
-expected when the program is restarted.
-(This is an optimization choice to avoid having to store two copies of every string and array)
-
 
 Loops
 -----
 
 The *for*-loop is used to let a variable (or register) iterate over a range of values. Iteration is done in steps of 1, but you can change this.
-The loop variable can be declared as byte or word earlier so you can reuse it for multiple occasions,
-or you can declare one directly in the for statement which will only be visible in the for loop body.
+The loop variable must be declared as byte or word earlier so you can reuse it for multiple occasions.
 Iterating with a floating point variable is not supported. If you want to loop over a floating-point array, use a loop with an integer index variable instead.
 
 The *while*-loop is used to repeat a piece of code while a certain condition is still true.
@@ -391,7 +406,6 @@ You can also create loops by using the ``goto`` statement, but this should usual
     The value of the loop variable or register after executing the loop *is undefined*. Don't use it immediately
     after the loop without first assigning a new value to it!
     (this is an optimization issue to avoid having to deal with mostly useless post-loop logic to adjust the loop variable's value)
-    Loop variables that are declared inline are scoped in the loop body so they're not accessible at all after the loop finishes.
 
 
 Conditional Execution
@@ -593,8 +607,8 @@ Calling a subroutine
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 The arguments in parentheses after the function name, should match the parameters in the subroutine definition.
-It is possible to not store the return value but the compiler
-will issue a warning then telling you the result values of a subroutine call are discarded.
+If you want to ignore a return value of a subroutine, you should prefix the call with the ``void`` keyword.
+Otherwise the compiler will issue a warning about discarding a result value.
 
 .. caution::
     Note that due to the way parameters are processed by the compiler,
@@ -688,12 +702,15 @@ max(x)
 min(x)
     Minimum of the values in the array value x
 
-avg(x)
-	Average of the values in the array value x
-
 sum(x)
     Sum of the values in the array value x
 
+sort(array)
+    Sort the array in ascending order (in-place)
+
+reverse(array)
+    Reverse the values in the array (in-place). Can be used after sort() to sort an array in descending order.
+
 len(x)
     Number of values in the array value x, or the number of characters in a string (excluding the size or 0-byte).
     Note: this can be different from the number of *bytes* in memory if the datatype isn't a byte.
@@ -711,6 +728,9 @@ lsb(x)
 msb(x)
     Get the most significant byte of the word x.
 
+sgn(x)
+    Get the sign of the value. Result is -1, 0 or 1 (negative, zero, positive).
+
 mkword(lsb, msb)
     Efficiently create a word value from two bytes (the lsb and the msb). Avoids multiplication and shifting.
 
@@ -747,7 +767,7 @@ rol(x)
     Modifies in-place, doesn't return a value (so can't be used in an expression).
 
 rol2(x)
-    Like _rol but now as 8-bit or 16-bit rotation.
+    Like ``rol`` but now as 8-bit or 16-bit rotation.
     It uses some extra logic to not consider the carry flag as extra rotation bit.
     Modifies in-place, doesn't return a value (so can't be used in an expression).
 
@@ -759,7 +779,7 @@ ror(x)
     Modifies in-place, doesn't return a value (so can't be used in an expression).
 
 ror2(x)
-    Like _ror but now as 8-bit or 16-bit rotation.
+    Like ``ror`` but now as 8-bit or 16-bit rotation.
     It uses some extra logic to not consider the carry flag as extra rotation bit.
     Modifies in-place, doesn't return a value (so can't be used in an expression).
 

docs/source/syntaxreference.rst

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ Directives
       As with ``kernalsafe``, it is not possible to cleanly exit the program, other than to reset the machine.
       This option makes programs smaller and faster because even more variables can
       be stored in the ZP (which allows for more efficient assembly code).
+    - style ``dontuse`` -- don't use *any* location in the zeropage.
 
     Also read :ref:`zeropage`.
 
@@ -173,7 +174,7 @@ Code blocks
 A named block of actual program code. Itefines a *scope* (also known as 'namespace') and
 can contain Prog8 *code*, *directives*, *variable declarations* and *subroutines*::
 
-    ~ <blockname> [<address>] {
+    <blockname> [<address>] {
         <directives>
         <variables>
         <statements>
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@ The <address> is optional. If specified it must be a valid memory address such a
 It's used to tell the compiler to put the block at a certain position in memory.
 Also read :ref:`blocks`.  Here is an example of a code block, to be loaded at ``$c000``::
 
-	~ main $c000 {
+	main $c000 {
 		; this is code inside the block...
 	}
 
@@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ Variable declarations
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 Variables should be declared with their exact type and size so the compiler can allocate storage
-for them. You must give them an initial value as well. That value can be a simple literal value,
+for them. You can give them an initial value as well. That value can be a simple literal value,
 or an expression. You can add a ``@zp`` zeropage-tag, to tell the compiler to prioritize it
 when selecting variables to be put into zeropage.
 The syntax is::
@@ -231,10 +232,11 @@ Various examples::
     str         name    = "my name is Irmen"
     uword       address = &counter
     byte[]      values  = [11, 22, 33, 44, 55]
+    byte[5]     values                  ; array of 5 bytes, initially set to zero
     byte[5]     values  = 255           ; initialize with five 255 bytes
 
     word  @zp   zpword = 9999           ; prioritize this when selecting vars for zeropage storage
-    Color       rgb    = [1,255,0]      ; a struct variable
+    Color       rgb    = {1,255,0}      ; a struct variable with initial values
 
 
 Data types
@@ -266,8 +268,6 @@ type identifier  type                     storage size       example var declara
 ``float[]``      floating-point array     depends on value   ``float[] myvar = [1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4]``
 ``str``          string (petscii)         varies             ``str myvar = "hello."``
                                                              implicitly terminated by a 0-byte
-``str_s``        string (screencodes)     varies             ``str_s myvar = "hello."``
-                                                             implicitly terminated by a 0-byte
 ===============  =======================  =================  =========================================
 
 **arrays:** you can split an array initializer list over several lines if you want. When an initialization
@@ -374,6 +374,10 @@ and other structs can not be part of a struct. Vice versa, a struct can not occu
 
 After defining a struct you can use the name of the struct as a data type to declare variables with.
 
+Struct variables can be assigned a struct literal value (also in their declaration as initial value)::
+
+    Color rgb = {255, 100, 0}          ; curly braces instead of brackets
+
 
 Operators
 ---------
@@ -382,7 +386,7 @@ arithmetic: ``+``  ``-``  ``*``  ``/``  ``**``  ``%``
     ``+``, ``-``, ``*``, ``/`` are the familiar arithmetic operations.
     ``/`` is division (will result in integer division when using on integer operands, and a floating point division when at least one of the operands is a float)
     ``**`` is the power operator: ``3 ** 5`` is equal to 3*3*3*3*3 and is 243. (it only works on floating point variables)
-    ``%`` is the remainder operator: ``25 % 7`` is 4.  Be careful: without a space, %10 will be parsed as the binary number 2
+    ``%`` is the remainder operator: ``25 % 7`` is 4.  Be careful: without a space, %10 will be parsed as the binary number 2.
     Remainder is only supported on integer operands (not floats).
 
 bitwise arithmetic: ``&``  ``|``  ``^``  ``~``  ``<<``  ``>>``
@@ -447,14 +451,17 @@ Subroutine / function calls
 
 You call a subroutine like this::
 
-        [ result = ]  subroutinename_or_address ( [argument...] )
+        [ void / result = ] subroutinename_or_address ( [argument...] )
 
         ; example:
         resultvariable = subroutine(arg1, arg2, arg3)
+        void noresultvaluesub(arg)
+
 
 Arguments are separated by commas. The argument list can also be empty if the subroutine
-takes no parameters.  If the subroutine returns a value, you can still omit the assignment to
-a result variable (but the compiler will warn you about discarding the result of the call).
+takes no parameters.  If the subroutine returns a value, usually you assign it to a variable.
+If you're not interested in the return value, prefix the function call with the ``void`` keyword.
+Otherwise the compiler will warn you about discarding the result of the call.
 
 Normal subroutines can only return zero or one return values.
 However, the special ``asmsub`` routines (implemented in assembly code or referencing
@@ -511,42 +518,39 @@ Loops
 for loop
 ^^^^^^^^
 
-The loop variable must be a register or a byte/word variable. It must be defined in the local scope (to reuse
-an existing variable), or you can declare it in the for loop directly to make a new one that is only visible
-in the body of the for loop.
+The loop variable must be a register or a byte/word variable,
+and must be defined first in the local scope of the for loop.
 The expression that you loop over can be anything that supports iteration (such as ranges like ``0 to 100``,
 array variables and strings) *except* floating-point arrays (because a floating-point loop variable is not supported).
 
 You can use a single statement, or a statement block like in the example below::
 
-	for [byte | word]  <loopvar>  in  <expression>  [ step <amount> ]   {
+	for <loopvar>  in  <expression>  [ step <amount> ]   {
 		; do something...
 		break		; break out of the loop
 		continue	; immediately enter next iteration
 	}
 
-For example, this is a for loop using the existing byte variable ``i`` to loop over a certain range of numbers::
+For example, this is a for loop using a byte variable ``i``, defined before, to loop over a certain range of numbers::
+
+    ubyte i
+
+    ...
 
     for i in 20 to 155 {
         ; do something
     }
 
-And this is a loop over the values of the array ``fibonacci_numbers`` where the loop variable is declared in the loop itself::
+And this is a loop over the values of the array ``fibonacci_numbers``::
 
-    word[] fibonacci_numbers = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181]
+    uword[] fibonacci_numbers = [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181]
 
-    for word fibnr in fibonacci_numbers {
-        ; do something
+    uword number
+    for number in fibonacci_numbers {
+        ; do something with number
     }
 
 
-You can inline the loop variable declaration in the for statement, including optional zp-tag. In this case
-the variable is not visible outside of the for loop::
-
-    for ubyte @zp fastindex in 10 to 20 {
-        ; do something
-    }
-
 
 while loop
 ^^^^^^^^^^

docs/source/targetsystem.rst

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ These routines are::
 If you activate an IRQ handler with one of these, it expects the handler to be defined
 as a subroutine ``irq`` in the module ``irq`` so like this::
 
-    ~ irq {
+    irq {
         sub irq() {
             ; ... irq handling here ...
         }

docs/source/todo.rst

@@ -2,23 +2,24 @@
 TODO
 ====
 
+- option to load library files from a directory instead of the embedded ones
+- @"zzz"  screencode encoded strings  + add this to docs too
+
+
 Memory Block Operations integrated in language?
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-list,string memory block operations?
+array/string memory block operations?
 
-- list operations (whole list, individual element)
-  operations: set, get, copy (from another list with the same length), shift-N(left,right), rotate-N(left,right)
-  clear (set whole list to the given value, default 0)
+- array operations
+  copy (from another array with the same length), shift-N(left,right), rotate-N(left,right)
+  clear (set whole array to the given value, default 0)
 
-- list operations ofcourse work identical on vars and on memory mapped vars of these types.
+- array operations ofcourse work identical on vars and on memory mapped vars of these types.
 
-- strings: identical operations as on lists.
-
-these should call optimized pieces of assembly code, so they run as fast as possible
-
-For now, we have the ``memcopy``, ``memset`` and ``strlen`` builtin functions.
+- strings: identical operations as on array.
 
+For now, we have the ``memcopy`` and ``memset`` builtin functions.
 
 
 More optimizations
@@ -27,14 +28,9 @@ More optimizations
 Add more compiler optimizations to the existing ones.
 
 - on the language AST level
-- on the StackVM intermediate code level
 - on the final assembly source level
 - can the parameter passing to subroutines be optimized to avoid copying?
-
-- subroutines with 1 or 2 byte args (or 1 word arg) should be converted to asm calling convention with the args in A/Y register
-  this requires rethinking the way parameters are represented, simply injecting vardecls to
-  declare local variables for them is not always correct anymore
-
+- working subroutine inlining (taking care of vars and identifier refs to them)
 
 Also some library routines and code patterns could perhaps be optimized further
 
@@ -48,11 +44,18 @@ It could then even be moved into the zeropage to greatly reduce code size and sl
 
 Or just move the LSB portion into a slab of the zeropage.
 
-Allocate a fixed word in ZP that is the TOS so we can operate on TOS directly
+Allocate a fixed word in ZP that is the TOS so we can always operate on TOS directly
 without having to to index into the stack?
 
 
+Bugs
+^^^^
+Ofcourse there are still bugs to fix ;)
+
+
 Misc
 ^^^^
 
-- are there any other missing instructions in the code generator?
+Several ideas were discussed on my reddit post
+https://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/alhj59/creating_a_programming_language_and_cross/
+

examples/arithmetic/aggregates.p8

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+%import c64lib
+%import c64utils
+%import c64flt
+%zeropage dontuse
+
+main {
+
+    sub start() {
+        ubyte[]  ubarr = [100, 0, 99, 199, 22]
+        byte[]  barr = [-100, 0, 99, -122, 22]
+        uword[] uwarr = [1000, 0, 222, 4444, 999]
+        word[]  warr = [-1000, 0, 999, -4444, 222]
+        float[]  farr = [-1000.1, 0, 999.9, -4444.4, 222.2]
+        str name = "irmen"
+        ubyte ub
+        byte bb
+        word ww
+        uword uw
+        float ff
+
+        ; LEN/STRLEN
+        ubyte length = len(name)
+        if length!=5 c64scr.print("error len1\n")
+        length = len(uwarr)
+        if length!=5 c64scr.print("error len2\n")
+        length=strlen(name)
+        if length!=5 c64scr.print("error strlen1\n")
+        name[3] = 0
+        length=strlen(name)
+        if length!=3 c64scr.print("error strlen2\n")
+
+        ; MAX
+        ub = max(ubarr)
+        if ub!=199 c64scr.print("error max1\n")
+        bb = max(barr)
+        if bb!=99 c64scr.print("error max2\n")
+        uw = max(uwarr)
+        if uw!=4444 c64scr.print("error max3\n")
+        ww = max(warr)
+        if ww!=999 c64scr.print("error max4\n")
+        ff = max(farr)
+        if ff!=999.9 c64scr.print("error max5\n")
+
+        ; MIN
+        ub = min(ubarr)
+        if ub!=0 c64scr.print("error min1\n")
+        bb = min(barr)
+        if bb!=-122 c64scr.print("error min2\n")
+        uw = min(uwarr)
+        if uw!=0 c64scr.print("error min3\n")
+        ww = min(warr)
+        if ww!=-4444 c64scr.print("error min4\n")
+        ff = min(farr)
+        if ff!=-4444.4 c64scr.print("error min5\n")
+
+        ; SUM
+        uw = sum(ubarr)
+        if uw!=420 c64scr.print("error sum1\n")
+        ww = sum(barr)
+        if ww!=-101 c64scr.print("error sum2\n")
+        uw = sum(uwarr)
+        if uw!=6665 c64scr.print("error sum3\n")
+        ww = sum(warr)
+        if ww!=-4223 c64scr.print("error sum4\n")
+        ff = sum(farr)
+        if ff!=-4222.4 c64scr.print("error sum5\n")
+
+        ; ANY
+        ub = any(ubarr)
+        if ub==0 c64scr.print("error any1\n")
+        ub = any(barr)
+        if ub==0 c64scr.print("error any2\n")
+        ub = any(uwarr)
+        if ub==0 c64scr.print("error any3\n")
+        ub = any(warr)
+        if ub==0 c64scr.print("error any4\n")
+        ub = any(farr)
+        if ub==0 c64scr.print("error any5\n")
+
+        ; ALL
+        ub = all(ubarr)
+        if ub==1 c64scr.print("error all1\n")
+        ub = all(barr)
+        if ub==1 c64scr.print("error all2\n")
+        ub = all(uwarr)
+        if ub==1 c64scr.print("error all3\n")
+        ub = all(warr)
+        if ub==1 c64scr.print("error all4\n")
+        ub = all(farr)
+        if ub==1 c64scr.print("error all5\n")
+        ubarr[1]=$40
+        barr[1]=$40
+        uwarr[1]=$4000
+        warr[1]=$4000
+        farr[1]=1.1
+        ub = all(ubarr)
+        if ub==0 c64scr.print("error all6\n")
+        ub = all(barr)
+        if ub==0 c64scr.print("error all7\n")
+        ub = all(uwarr)
+        if ub==0 c64scr.print("error all8\n")
+        ub = all(warr)
+        if ub==0 c64scr.print("error all9\n")
+        ub = all(farr)
+        if ub==0 c64scr.print("error all10\n")
+
+
+        c64scr.print("\nyou should see no errors above.")
+    }
+}

examples/arithmetic/bitshift.p8

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+%import c64utils
+%zeropage basicsafe
+
+main {
+
+    byte bb
+    ubyte ub
+    word ww
+    uword uw
+    &ubyte  membyte=9999
+    &uword  memword=9999
+    ubyte[] ubarray = [8,8,8]
+    uword[] uwarray = [8200, 8200, 8200]
+    byte[] bbarray = [8,8,8]
+    word[] wwarray = [8200, 8200, 8200]
+
+    sub unimplemented() {
+        ; TODO implement these asm routines
+        lsr(ubarray[1])
+        lsl(ubarray[1])
+        ror(ubarray[1])
+        rol(ubarray[1])
+        ror2(ubarray[1])
+        rol2(ubarray[1])
+        lsr(bbarray[1])
+        lsl(bbarray[1])
+
+        lsr(uwarray[1])
+        lsl(uwarray[1])
+        ror(uwarray[1])
+        rol(uwarray[1])
+        ror2(uwarray[1])
+        rol2(uwarray[1])
+        lsr(wwarray[1])
+        lsl(wwarray[1])
+    }
+
+    sub start() {
+        unimplemented()
+        lsr(A)
+        lsl(A)
+        ror(A)
+        rol(A)
+        ror2(A)
+        rol2(A)
+        lsr(Y)
+        lsl(Y)
+        ror(Y)
+        rol(Y)
+        ror2(Y)
+        rol2(Y)
+
+        lsr(bb)
+        lsl(bb)
+
+        lsr(membyte)
+        lsl(membyte)
+        ror(membyte)
+        rol(membyte)
+        ror2(membyte)
+        rol2(membyte)
+        lsr(memword)
+        lsl(memword)
+        ror(memword)
+        rol(memword)
+        ror2(memword)
+        rol2(memword)
+
+        lsl(@(9999))
+        lsr(@(9999))
+        ror(@(9999))
+        rol(@(9999))
+        ror2(@(9999))
+        rol2(@(9999))
+
+        lsl(@(9999+A))
+        lsr(@(9999+A))
+        ror(@(9999+A))
+        rol(@(9999+A))
+        ror2(@(9999+A))
+        rol2(@(9999+A))
+
+        bb /= 2
+        bb >>= 1
+        bb *= 4
+        bb <<= 2
+
+        ub /= 2
+        ub >>= 1
+        ub *= 4
+        ub <<= 2
+        rol(ub)
+        ror(ub)
+        rol2(ub)
+        ror2(ub)
+
+        ww /= 2
+        ww >>= 1
+        ww *= 4
+        ww <<= 2
+
+        uw /= 2
+        uw >>= 1
+        uw *= 4
+        uw <<= 2
+        rol(uw)
+        ror(uw)
+        rol2(uw)
+        ror2(uw)
+    }
+}

examples/arithmetic/div.p8

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+%import c64lib
+%import c64utils
+%import c64flt
+%zeropage basicsafe
+
+main {
+
+    sub start() {
+        div_ubyte(0, 1, 0)
+        div_ubyte(100, 6, 16)
+        div_ubyte(255, 2, 127)
+
+        div_byte(0, 1, 0)
+        div_byte(100, -6, -16)
+        div_byte(127, -2, -63)
+
+        div_uword(0,1,0)
+        div_uword(40000,500,80)
+        div_uword(43211,2,21605)
+
+        div_word(0,1,0)
+        div_word(-20000,500,-40)
+        div_word(-2222,2,-1111)
+
+        div_float(0,1,0)
+        div_float(999.9,111.0,9.008108108108107)
+
+    }
+
+    sub div_ubyte(ubyte a1, ubyte a2, ubyte c) {
+        ubyte r = a1/a2
+        if r==c
+            c64scr.print(" ok  ")
+        else
+            c64scr.print("err! ")
+        c64scr.print("ubyte ")
+        c64scr.print_ub(a1)
+        c64scr.print(" / ")
+        c64scr.print_ub(a2)
+        c64scr.print(" = ")
+        c64scr.print_ub(r)
+        c64.CHROUT('\n')
+    }
+
+    sub div_byte(byte a1, byte a2, byte c) {
+        byte r = a1/a2
+        if r==c
+            c64scr.print(" ok  ")
+        else
+            c64scr.print("err! ")
+        c64scr.print("byte ")
+        c64scr.print_b(a1)
+        c64scr.print(" / ")
+        c64scr.print_b(a2)
+        c64scr.print(" = ")
+        c64scr.print_b(r)
+        c64.CHROUT('\n')
+    }
+
+    sub div_uword(uword a1, uword  a2, uword c) {
+        uword  r = a1/a2
+        if r==c
+            c64scr.print(" ok  ")
+        else
+            c64scr.print("err! ")
+        c64scr.print("uword ")
+        c64scr.print_uw(a1)
+        c64scr.print(" / ")
+        c64scr.print_uw(a2)
+        c64scr.print(" = ")
+        c64scr.print_uw(r)
+        c64.CHROUT('\n')
+    }
+
+    sub div_word(word a1, word a2, word c) {
+        word r = a1/a2
+        if r==c
+            c64scr.print(" ok  ")
+        else
+            c64scr.print("err! ")
+        c64scr.print("word ")
+        c64scr.print_w(a1)
+        c64scr.print(" / ")
+        c64scr.print_w(a2)
+        c64scr.print(" = ")
+        c64scr.print_w(r)
+        c64.CHROUT('\n')
+    }
+
+    sub div_float(float  a1, float a2, float  c) {
+        float r = a1/a2
+        if abs(r-c)<0.00001
+            c64scr.print(" ok  ")
+        else
+            c64scr.print("err! ")
+
+        c64scr.print("float ")
+        c64flt.print_f(a1)
+        c64scr.print(" / ")
+        c64flt.print_f(a2)
+        c64scr.print(" = ")
+        c64flt.print_f(r)
+        c64.CHROUT('\n')
+    }
+}