version 7.1

remove remark about chars UBYTE type, kotlin's closest native type that can contain 0-255 is a short.

.gitignore

@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@ parser.out
 parsetab.py
 .pytest_cache/
 .attach_pid*
+compiler/lib/
 
 .gradle
 /prog8compiler.jar
 sd*.img
-
+*.d64

.idea/codeInsightSettings.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="JavaProjectCodeInsightSettings">
+    <excluded-names>
+      <name>kotlin.Result</name>
+    </excluded-names>
+  </component>
+</project>

.idea/compiler.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="CompilerConfiguration">
+    <option name="BUILD_PROCESS_HEAP_SIZE" value="1200" />
+    <bytecodeTargetLevel target="11" />
+  </component>
+</project>

.idea/inspectionProfiles/Project_Default.xml

@@ -3,14 +3,11 @@
     <option name="myName" value="Project Default" />
     <inspection_tool class="DuplicatedCode" enabled="true" level="WEAK WARNING" enabled_by_default="true">
       <Languages>
-        <language minSize="100" isEnabled="false" name="JavaScript" />
-        <language isEnabled="false" name="Groovy" />
-        <language isEnabled="false" name="Style Sheets" />
         <language minSize="70" name="Kotlin" />
-        <language isEnabled="false" name="TypeScript" />
-        <language isEnabled="false" name="ActionScript" />
+        <language isEnabled="false" name="Groovy" />
       </Languages>
     </inspection_tool>
+    <inspection_tool class="PyInterpreterInspection" enabled="false" level="WARNING" enabled_by_default="false" />
     <inspection_tool class="SpellCheckingInspection" enabled="true" level="TYPO" enabled_by_default="true">
       <option name="processCode" value="false" />
       <option name="processLiterals" value="true" />

.idea/kotlinc.xml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project version="4">
   <component name="Kotlin2JvmCompilerArguments">
-    <option name="jvmTarget" value="1.8" />
+    <option name="jvmTarget" value="11" />
   </component>
 </project>

.idea/libraries/antlr_4_9_complete.xml

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-<component name="libraryTable">
-  <library name="antlr-4.9-complete">
-    <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/antlr/lib/antlr-4.9-complete.jar!/" />
-    </CLASSES>
-    <JAVADOC />
-    <SOURCES />
-  </library>
-</component>

.idea/libraries/antlr_antlr4.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="antlr.antlr4" type="repository">
+    <properties maven-id="org.antlr:antlr4:4.9.2">
+      <exclude>
+        <dependency maven-id="com.ibm.icu:icu4j" />
+      </exclude>
+    </properties>
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr4/4.9.2/antlr4-4.9.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr4-runtime/4.9.2/antlr4-runtime-4.9.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr-runtime/3.5.2/antlr-runtime-3.5.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/ST4/4.3/ST4-4.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/abego/treelayout/org.abego.treelayout.core/1.0.3/org.abego.treelayout.core-1.0.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/glassfish/javax.json/1.0.4/javax.json-1.0.4.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>

.idea/libraries/antlr_runtime_4_9.xml

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-<component name="libraryTable">
-  <library name="antlr-runtime-4.9">
-    <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/antlr/lib/antlr-runtime-4.9.jar!/" />
-    </CLASSES>
-    <JAVADOC />
-    <SOURCES />
-  </library>
-</component>

.idea/libraries/dbus_java_3_2_4.xml

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-<component name="libraryTable">
-  <library name="dbus-java-3.2.4">
-    <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$PROJECT_DIR$/dbusCompilerService/lib/dbus-java-3.2.4.jar!/" />
-    </CLASSES>
-    <JAVADOC />
-    <SOURCES />
-  </library>
-</component>

.idea/libraries/github_hypfvieh_dbus_java.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="github.hypfvieh.dbus.java" type="repository">
+    <properties maven-id="com.github.hypfvieh:dbus-java:3.3.0" />
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/hypfvieh/dbus-java/3.3.0/dbus-java-3.3.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-unixsocket/0.38.5/jnr-unixsocket-0.38.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-ffi/2.2.1/jnr-ffi-2.2.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jffi/1.3.1/jffi-1.3.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jffi/1.3.1/jffi-1.3.1-native.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm/9.0/asm-9.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-commons/9.0/asm-commons-9.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-analysis/9.0/asm-analysis-9.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-tree/9.0/asm-tree-9.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-util/9.0/asm-util-9.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-a64asm/1.0.0/jnr-a64asm-1.0.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-x86asm/1.0.2/jnr-x86asm-1.0.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-constants/0.10.1/jnr-constants-0.10.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-enxio/0.32.3/jnr-enxio-0.32.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-posix/3.1.4/jnr-posix-3.1.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.30/slf4j-api-1.7.30.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>

.idea/libraries/glassfish_javax_json.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="glassfish.javax.json" type="repository">
+    <properties include-transitive-deps="false" maven-id="org.glassfish:javax.json:1.1.4" />
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/glassfish/javax.json/1.1.4/javax.json-1.1.4.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>

.idea/libraries/hamcrest.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="hamcrest" type="repository">
+    <properties maven-id="org.hamcrest:hamcrest:2.2" />
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/hamcrest/hamcrest/2.2/hamcrest-2.2.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>

.idea/libraries/javax_json_api_1_1_4.xml

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-<component name="libraryTable">
-  <library name="javax.json-api-1.1.4">
-    <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$PROJECT_DIR$/httpCompilerService/lib/javax.json-api-1.1.4.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$PROJECT_DIR$/httpCompilerService/lib/javax.json-1.1.4.jar!/" />
-    </CLASSES>
-    <JAVADOC />
-    <SOURCES />
-  </library>
-</component>

.idea/libraries/jetbrains_kotlinx_cli_jvm.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="jetbrains.kotlinx.cli.jvm" type="repository">
+    <properties include-transitive-deps="false" maven-id="org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-cli-jvm:0.3.3" />
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-cli-jvm/0.3.3/kotlinx-cli-jvm-0.3.3.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>

.idea/libraries/junit_jupiter.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="junit.jupiter" type="repository">
+    <properties maven-id="org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.7.2" />
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/jupiter/junit-jupiter/5.7.2/junit-jupiter-5.7.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/jupiter/junit-jupiter-api/5.7.2/junit-jupiter-api-5.7.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/apiguardian/apiguardian-api/1.1.0/apiguardian-api-1.1.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/opentest4j/opentest4j/1.2.0/opentest4j-1.2.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-commons/1.7.2/junit-platform-commons-1.7.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/jupiter/junit-jupiter-params/5.7.2/junit-jupiter-params-5.7.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/jupiter/junit-jupiter-engine/5.7.2/junit-jupiter-engine-5.7.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-engine/1.7.2/junit-platform-engine-1.7.2.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>

.idea/libraries/kotlinx_cli_jvm.xml

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-<component name="libraryTable">
-  <library name="kotlinx-cli-jvm">
-    <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$PROJECT_DIR$/compiler/lib/kotlinx-cli-jvm-0.3.1.jar!/" />
-    </CLASSES>
-    <JAVADOC />
-    <SOURCES />
-  </library>
-</component>

.idea/libraries/michael_bull_kotlin_result_jvm.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="michael.bull.kotlin.result.jvm" type="repository">
+    <properties maven-id="com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:1.1.12" />
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/michael-bull/kotlin-result/kotlin-result-jvm/1.1.12/kotlin-result-jvm-1.1.12.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/1.5.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.5.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.5.10/kotlin-stdlib-1.5.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/1.5.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.5.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.5.10/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.5.10.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>

.idea/libraries/slf4j_api_1_7_30.xml

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-<component name="libraryTable">
-  <library name="slf4j-api-1.7.30">
-    <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$PROJECT_DIR$/httpCompilerService/lib/slf4j-api-1.7.30.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$PROJECT_DIR$/httpCompilerService/lib/slf4j-simple-1.7.30.jar!/" />
-    </CLASSES>
-    <JAVADOC />
-    <SOURCES />
-  </library>
-</component>

.idea/libraries/slf4j_simple.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="slf4j.simple" type="repository">
+    <properties maven-id="org.slf4j:slf4j-simple:1.7.30" />
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-simple/1.7.30/slf4j-simple-1.7.30.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.30/slf4j-api-1.7.30.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>

.idea/libraries/takes.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="takes" type="repository">
+    <properties maven-id="org.takes:takes:1.19" />
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/takes/takes/1.19/takes-1.19.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/cactoos/cactoos/0.42/cactoos-0.42.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/apache/commons/commons-text/1.4/commons-text-1.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/apache/commons/commons-lang3/3.7/commons-lang3-3.7.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>

.idea/libraries/takes_http.xml

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-<component name="libraryTable">
-  <library name="takes-http">
-    <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$PROJECT_DIR$/httpCompilerService/lib/cactoos-0.42.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$PROJECT_DIR$/httpCompilerService/lib/commons-lang3-3.7.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$PROJECT_DIR$/httpCompilerService/lib/commons-text-1.4.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$PROJECT_DIR$/httpCompilerService/lib/takes-1.19.jar!/" />
-    </CLASSES>
-    <JAVADOC />
-    <SOURCES />
-  </library>
-</component>

.idea/libraries/unittest_libs.xml

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-<component name="libraryTable">
-  <library name="unittest-libs">
-    <CLASSES>
-      <root url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/compiler/lib" />
-    </CLASSES>
-    <JAVADOC />
-    <SOURCES />
-    <jarDirectory url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/compiler/lib" recursive="false" />
-  </library>
-</component>

.idea/misc.xml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
     <option name="perGrammarGenerationSettings">
       <list>
         <PerGrammarGenerationSettings>
-          <option name="fileName" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/antlr/prog8.g4" />
+          <option name="fileName" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/antlr/Prog8ANTLR.g4" />
           <option name="autoGen" value="true" />
           <option name="outputDir" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/src/prog8/parser" />
           <option name="libDir" value="" />
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
       </list>
     </option>
   </component>
-  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_11" default="false" project-jdk-name="Kotlin SDK" project-jdk-type="KotlinSDK">
+  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_11" project-jdk-name="Kotlin SDK" project-jdk-type="KotlinSDK">
     <output url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/out" />
   </component>
-</project>
+</project>

.idea/modules.xml

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
   <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
     <modules>
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/compiler/compiler.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/compiler/compiler.iml" />
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/compilerAst/compilerAst.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/compilerAst/compilerAst.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/dbusCompilerService/dbusCompilerService.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/dbusCompilerService/dbusCompilerService.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/docs/docs.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/docs/docs.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/examples/examples.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/examples/examples.iml" />

.travis.yml

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-language: java
-sudo: false
-# jdk: openjdk8
-# dist: xenial
-
-before_install:
-  - chmod +x ./gradlew
-
-script:
-  - ./gradlew test
-

CompilerDevelopment.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#### Just a few remarks upfront:
+* There is the (gradle/IDEA) module `parser`: that's the parser generated by ANTLR4, in Java. The only file to be edited here is the grammar, `prog8.g4`.
+* Then we have the module `compilerAst` - in Kotlin - which uses `parser` and adds AST nodes. Here we put our additions to the generated thing, *including any tests of the parsing stage*.
+  - the name is a bit misleading, as this module isn't (or, resp. shouldn't be; see below) about *compiling*, only the parsing stage
+  - also, the tree that comes out isn't much of an *abstraction*, but rather still more or less a parse tree (this might very well change).
+  - **However, let's not *yet* rename the module.** We'll find a good name during refactoring.
+
+#### Problems with `compilerAst`:
+* `ModuleImporter.kt`, doing (Prog8-) module resolution. That's not the parser's job.
+* `ParsingFailedError` (in `ModuleParsing.kt`): this exception (it is actually *not* a `java.lang.Error`...) is thrown in a number of places, where other exceptions would make more sense. For example: not finding a file should just yield a `NoSuchFileException`, not this one. The other problem with it is that it does not provide any additional information about the source of parsing error, in particular a `Position`.
+* During parsing, character literals are turned into UBYTEs (since there is no basic type e.g. CHAR). That's bad because it depends on a specific character encoding (`IStringEncoding` in `compilerAst/src/prog8/ast/AstToplevel.kt`) of/for some target platform. Note that *strings* are indeed encoded later, in the `compiler` module.
+* The same argument applies to `IMemSizer`, and - not entirely sure about that - `IBuiltinFunctions`.
+
+#### Steps to take, in conceptual (!) order:
+1. introduce an abstraction `SourceCode` that encapsulates the origin and actual loading of Prog8 source code
+   - from the local file system (use case: user programs)
+   - from resources (prog8lib)
+   - from plain strings (for testing)
+2. add subclass `ParseError : ParsingFailedError` which adds information about the *source of parsing error* (`SourceCode` and `Position`). We cannot just replace `ParsingFailedError`  right away because it is so widely used (even in the `compiler` module). Therefore we'll just subclass for the time being, add more and more tests requiring the new one to be thrown (or, resp., NOT to be thrown), and gradually transition.
+3. introduce a minimal interface to the outside, input: `SourceCode`, output: a tree with a `Module` node as the root
+   - this will be the Kotlin singleton `Prog8Parser` with the main method `parseModule`
+   - plus, optionally, method's for registering/unregistering a listener with the parser
+   - the *only* exception ever thrown / reported to listeners (TBD) will be `ParseError`
+   - anything related to the lexer, error strategies, character/token streams is hidden from the outside
+   - to make a clear distinction between the *generated* parser (and lexer) vs. `Prog8Parser`, and to discourage directly using the generated stuff, we'll rename the existing `prog8Parser`/`prog8Lexer` to `Prog8ANTLRParser` and `Prog8ANTLRLexer` and move them to package `prog8.parser.generated`
+4. introduce AST node `CharLiteral` and keep them until after identifier resolution and type checking; insert there an AST transformation step that turns them in UBYTE constants (literals)
+5. remove uses of `IStringEncoding` from module `compilerAst` - none should be necessary anymore
+6. move `IStringEncoding` to module `compiler`
+7. same with `ModuleImporter`, then rewrite that (addressing #46)
+8. refactor AST nodes and grammar: less generated parse tree nodes (`XyzContext`), less intermediary stuff (private classes in `Antrl2Kotlin.kt`), more compact code. Also: nicer names such as simply `StringLiteral` instead of `StringLiteralValue`
+9. re-think `IStringEncoding` to address #38
+

LICENSE

@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+
+This sofware license is for Prog8 the compiler + associated libraries.
+The software generated by running the compiler is excluded from this.
+
+
+
+
                     GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
                        Version 3, 29 June 2007
 

README.md

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-[![saythanks](https://img.shields.io/badge/say-thanks-ff69b4.svg)](https://saythanks.io/to/irmen)
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/irmen/prog8.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/irmen/prog8)
 [![Documentation](https://readthedocs.org/projects/prog8/badge/?version=latest)](https://prog8.readthedocs.io/)
 
 Prog8 - Structured Programming Language for 8-bit 6502/65c02 microprocessors
@@ -7,9 +5,6 @@ Prog8 - Structured Programming Language for 8-bit 6502/65c02 microprocessors
 
 *Written by Irmen de Jong (irmen@razorvine.net)*
 
-*Software license: GNU GPL 3.0, see file LICENSE*
-
-
 This is a structured programming language for the 8-bit 6502/6510/65c02 microprocessor from the late 1970's and 1980's
 as used in many home computers from that era. It is a medium to low level programming language,
 which aims to provide many conveniences over raw assembly code (even when using a macro assembler).
@@ -19,27 +14,36 @@ Documentation
 Full documentation (syntax reference, how to use the language and the compiler, etc.) can be found at:
 https://prog8.readthedocs.io/
 
+Software license
+----------------
+GNU GPL 3.0, see file LICENSE
+
+- prog8 (the compiler + libraries) is licensed under GNU GPL 3.0
+- *exception:* the resulting files created by running the compiler are free to use in whatever way desired.
+
 
 What does Prog8 provide?
 ------------------------
 
-- big reduction of source code length over raw assembly
+- reduction of source code length over raw assembly
+- fast execution speed due to compilation to native assembly code. It's possible to write certain raster interrupt 'demoscene' effects purely in Prog8.
 - modularity, symbol scoping, subroutines
 - various data types other than just bytes (16-bit words, floats, strings)
-- automatic variable allocations, automatic string and array variables and string sharing
-- subroutines with an input- and output parameter signature
-- no stack frame allocations because parameters and local variables are automatically allocated statically
-- constant folding in expressions and other high-level program optimizations
+- floating point math is supported if the target system provides floating point library routines (C64 and Cx16 both do)
+- strings can contain escaped characters but also many symbols directly if they have a petscii equivalent, such as "♠♥♣♦π▚●○╳". Characters like ^, _, \, {, } and | are also accepted and converted to the closest petscii equivalents.
+- automatic static variable allocations, automatic string and array variables and string sharing
+- subroutines with input parameters and result values
+- high-level program optimizations
+- small program boilerplate/compilersupport overhead
+- programs can be run multiple times without reloading because of automatic variable (re)initializations.
 - conditional branches
-- floating point operations  (requires the C64 Basic ROM routines for this)
 - 'when' statement to provide a concise jump table alternative to if/elseif chains
-- structs to group together sets of variables and manipulate them at once
 - many built-in functions such as ``sin``, ``cos``, ``rnd``, ``abs``, ``min``, ``max``, ``sqrt``, ``msb``, ``rol``, ``ror``, ``swap``, ``sort`` and ``reverse``
 - various powerful built-in libraries to do I/O, number conversions, graphics and more  
 - convenience abstractions for low level aspects such as ZeroPage handling, program startup, explicit memory addresses
-- fast execution speed due to compilation to native assembly code
 - inline assembly allows you to have full control when every cycle or byte matters
-- supports the sixteen 'virtual' 16-bit registers R0 .. R15 from the Commander X16, and provides them also on the C64.
+- supports the sixteen 'virtual' 16-bit registers R0 - R15 from the Commander X16, and provides them also on the C64.
+- encode strings and characters into petscii or screencodes as desired (C64/Cx16)
 
 *Rapid edit-compile-run-debug cycle:*
 
@@ -52,7 +56,7 @@ What does Prog8 provide?
 
 - "c64": Commodore-64  (6510 CPU = almost a 6502)
 - "cx16": [CommanderX16](https://www.commanderx16.com)  (65c02 CPU)
-- If you only use standard kernel and prog8 library routines, it is possible to compile the *exact same program* for both machines (just change the compiler target flag)!
+- If you only use standard kernal and prog8 library routines, it is possible to compile the *exact same program* for both machines (just change the compiler target flag)!
 
 
 

build.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+plugins {
+    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm" version "1.5.30" apply false
+}

compiler/build.gradle

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 plugins {
     id 'java'
     id 'application'
-    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm" version "1.4.21"
-    id 'org.jetbrains.dokka' version "0.9.18"
-    id 'com.github.johnrengelman.shadow' version '6.1.0'
+    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm"
+    id 'com.github.johnrengelman.shadow' version '7.1.0'
 }
 
 targetCompatibility = 11
 sourceCompatibility = 11
 
+
 repositories {
     mavenLocal()
     mavenCentral()
@@ -18,24 +18,36 @@ repositories {
 def prog8version = rootProject.file('compiler/res/version.txt').text.trim()
 
 dependencies {
-    implementation project(':parser')
+    implementation project(':compilerAst')
     implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8"
     // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect"
-    implementation 'org.antlr:antlr4-runtime:4.8'
-    implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-cli:0.3.1'
-    // implementation 'net.razorvine:ksim65:1.8'
-    // implementation "com.github.hypfvieh:dbus-java:3.2.4"
-    implementation project(':parser')
+    implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-cli:0.3.3'
+    implementation "com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:1.1.12"
 
     testImplementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-test-junit5"
-    testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.3.2'
-    testImplementation 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-junit:2.0.0.0'
-    testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.3.2'
+    testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.7.2'
+    testImplementation 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest:2.2'
+    testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.7.2'
 }
 
+configurations.all {
+    exclude group: 'com.ibm.icu', module: 'icu4j'
+    exclude group: "org.antlr", module: "antlr4"
+}
+
+configurations {
+    // strange antlr plugin issue, see https://github.com/gradle/gradle/issues/820
+    // this avoids linking in the complete antlr binary jar
+    compile {
+        extendsFrom = extendsFrom.findAll { it != configurations.antlr }
+    }
+}
+
+
 compileKotlin {
     kotlinOptions {
         jvmTarget = "11"
+        useIR = true
         // verbose = true
         // freeCompilerArgs += "-XXLanguage:+NewInference"
     }
@@ -44,6 +56,7 @@ compileKotlin {
 compileTestKotlin {
     kotlinOptions {
         jvmTarget = "11"
+        useIR = true
     }
 }
 
@@ -58,7 +71,8 @@ sourceSets {
     }
     test {
         java {
-            srcDirs = ["${project.projectDir}/test"]
+            srcDir "${project.projectDir}/test"
+            srcDir "${project(':compilerAst').projectDir}/test/helpers"
         }
     }
 }
@@ -67,7 +81,6 @@ startScripts.enabled = true
 
 application {
     mainClass = 'prog8.CompilerMainKt'
-    mainClassName = 'prog8.CompilerMainKt'  // deprecated
     applicationName = 'p8compile'
 }
 
@@ -95,13 +108,3 @@ test {
         events "skipped", "failed"
     }
 }
-
-
-dokka {
-    outputFormat = 'html'
-    outputDirectory = "$buildDir/kdoc"
-}
-
-task wrapper(type: Wrapper) {
-    gradleVersion = '6.7'
-}

compiler/compiler.iml

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <module type="JAVA_MODULE" version="4">
+  <component name="FacetManager">
+    <facet type="Python" name="Python">
+      <configuration sdkName="Python 3.9" />
+    </facet>
+  </component>
   <component name="NewModuleRootManager" inherit-compiler-output="true">
     <exclude-output />
     <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
@@ -8,12 +13,14 @@
       <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/test" isTestSource="true" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build" />
     </content>
-    <orderEntry type="jdk" jdkName="11" jdkType="JavaSDK" />
+    <orderEntry type="jdk" jdkName="openjdk-11" jdkType="JavaSDK" />
     <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="KotlinJavaRuntime" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="parser" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="unittest-libs" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="kotlinx-cli-jvm" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="antlr-runtime-4.9" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="compilerAst" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="Python 3.9 interpreter library" level="application" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="hamcrest" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="jetbrains.kotlinx.cli.jvm" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="junit.jupiter" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="michael.bull.kotlin.result.jvm" level="project" />
   </component>
 </module>

compiler/res/prog8lib/c64/floats.asm

@@ -428,7 +428,9 @@ var_fac1_greater_f	.proc
 		cmp  #1
 		beq  +
 		lda  #0
-+		rts
+		rts
++		lda  #1
+		rts
 		.pend
 
 var_fac1_greatereq_f	.proc

compiler/res/prog8lib/c64/floats.p8

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 ;
 ; indent format: TABS, size=8
 
-%target c64
 %option enable_floats
 
 floats {
@@ -83,7 +82,7 @@ romsub $bc58 = ABS()                                        ; fac1 = ABS(fac1)
 romsub $bf71 = SQR() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = SQRT(fac1)
 romsub $bf74 = SQRA() clobbers(A,X,Y)                       ; fac1 = SQRT(fac2)
 romsub $bfed = EXP() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = EXP(fac1)  (e ** fac1)
-romsub $bfb4 = NEGOP() clobbers(A)                          ; switch the sign of fac1
+romsub $bfb4 = NEGOP() clobbers(A)                          ; switch the sign of fac1 (fac1 = -fac1)
 romsub $e097 = RND() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = RND(fac1) float random number generator
 romsub $e264 = COS() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = COS(fac1)
 romsub $e26b = SIN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = SIN(fac1)
@@ -195,7 +194,7 @@ sub  print_f  (float value) {
 	}}
 }
 
-%asminclude "library:c64/floats.asm", ""
-%asminclude "library:c64/floats_funcs.asm", ""
+%asminclude "library:c64/floats.asm"
+%asminclude "library:c64/floats_funcs.asm"
 
 }

compiler/res/prog8lib/c64/graphics.p8

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-%target c64
 %import textio
 
 ; bitmap pixel graphics module for the C64
-; only black/white monchrome 320x200 for now
+; only black/white monochrome 320x200 for now
 ; assumes bitmap screen memory is $2000-$3fff
 
 graphics {
@@ -39,30 +38,28 @@ graphics {
             swap(x1, x2)
             swap(y1, y2)
         }
-        word @zp dx = x2-x1 as word
-        word @zp dy = y2-y1
+        word @zp dx = (x2 as word)-x1
+        word @zp dy = (y2 as word)-y1
 
         if dx==0 {
-            vertical_line(x1, y1, abs(dy)+1 as ubyte)
+            vertical_line(x1, y1, abs(dy) as ubyte +1)
             return
         }
         if dy==0 {
             if x1>x2
                 x1=x2
-            horizontal_line(x1, y1, abs(dx)+1 as uword)
+            horizontal_line(x1, y1, abs(dx) as uword +1)
             return
         }
 
-        ; TODO rewrite the rest in optimized assembly
-
         word @zp d = 0
         ubyte positive_ix = true
         if dx < 0 {
             dx = -dx
             positive_ix = false
         }
-        dx *= 2
-        dy *= 2
+        word @zp dx2 = dx*2
+        word @zp dy2 = dy*2
         internal_plotx = x1
 
         if dx >= dy {
@@ -72,10 +69,10 @@ graphics {
                     if internal_plotx==x2
                         return
                     internal_plotx++
-                    d += dy
+                    d += dy2
                     if d > dx {
                         y1++
-                        d -= dx
+                        d -= dx2
                     }
                 }
             } else {
@@ -84,10 +81,10 @@ graphics {
                     if internal_plotx==x2
                         return
                     internal_plotx--
-                    d += dy
+                    d += dy2
                     if d > dx {
                         y1++
-                        d -= dx
+                        d -= dx2
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -99,10 +96,10 @@ graphics {
                     if y1 == y2
                         return
                     y1++
-                    d += dx
+                    d += dx2
                     if d > dy {
                         internal_plotx++
-                        d -= dy
+                        d -= dy2
                     }
                 }
             } else {
@@ -111,10 +108,10 @@ graphics {
                     if y1 == y2
                         return
                     y1++
-                    d += dx
+                    d += dx2
                     if d > dy {
                         internal_plotx--
-                        d -= dy
+                        d -= dy2
                     }
                 }
             }

compiler/res/prog8lib/c64/syslib.p8

@@ -5,13 +5,11 @@
 ;
 ; indent format: TABS, size=8
 
-%target c64
-
 c64 {
         &ubyte  TIME_HI         = $a0       ; software jiffy clock, hi byte
         &ubyte  TIME_MID        = $a1       ;  .. mid byte
         &ubyte  TIME_LO         = $a2       ;    .. lo byte. Updated by IRQ every 1/60 sec
-        &ubyte  STATUS          = $90       ; kernel status variable for I/O
+        &ubyte  STATUS          = $90       ; kernal status variable for I/O
         &ubyte  STKEY           = $91       ; various keyboard statuses (updated by IRQ)
         &ubyte  SFDX            = $cb       ; current key pressed (matrix value) (updated by IRQ)
 
@@ -178,7 +176,7 @@ c64 {
 
 ; ---- C64 ROM kernal routines ----
 
-romsub $AB1E = STROUT(uword strptr @ AY) clobbers(A, X, Y)      ; print null-terminated string (use c64scr.print instead)
+romsub $AB1E = STROUT(uword strptr @ AY) clobbers(A, X, Y)      ; print null-terminated string (use txt.print instead)
 romsub $E544 = CLEARSCR() clobbers(A,X,Y)                       ; clear the screen
 romsub $E566 = HOMECRSR() clobbers(A,X,Y)                       ; cursor to top left of screen
 romsub $EA31 = IRQDFRT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; default IRQ routine
@@ -202,7 +200,7 @@ romsub $FFAE = UNLSN() clobbers(A)                              ; command serial
 romsub $FFB1 = LISTEN(ubyte device @ A) clobbers(A)             ; command serial bus device to LISTEN
 romsub $FFB4 = TALK(ubyte device @ A) clobbers(A)               ; command serial bus device to TALK
 romsub $FFB7 = READST() -> ubyte @ A                            ; read I/O status word
-romsub $FFBA = SETLFS(ubyte logical @ A, ubyte device @ X, ubyte address @ Y)   ; set logical file parameters
+romsub $FFBA = SETLFS(ubyte logical @ A, ubyte device @ X, ubyte secondary @ Y)   ; set logical file parameters
 romsub $FFBD = SETNAM(ubyte namelen @ A, str filename @ XY)     ; set filename parameters
 romsub $FFC0 = OPEN() clobbers(X,Y) -> ubyte @Pc, ubyte @A      ; (via 794 ($31A)) open a logical file
 romsub $FFC3 = CLOSE(ubyte logical @ A) clobbers(A,X,Y)         ; (via 796 ($31C)) close a logical file
@@ -211,10 +209,10 @@ romsub $FFC9 = CHKOUT(ubyte logical @ X) clobbers(A,X)          ; (via 800 ($320
 romsub $FFCC = CLRCHN() clobbers(A,X)                           ; (via 802 ($322)) restore default devices
 romsub $FFCF = CHRIN() clobbers(X, Y) -> ubyte @ A   ; (via 804 ($324)) input a character (for keyboard, read a whole line from the screen) A=byte read.
 romsub $FFD2 = CHROUT(ubyte char @ A)                           ; (via 806 ($326)) output a character
-romsub $FFD5 = LOAD(ubyte verify @ A, uword address @ XY) -> ubyte @Pc, ubyte @ A, ubyte @ X, ubyte @ Y     ; (via 816 ($330)) load from device
-romsub $FFD8 = SAVE(ubyte zp_startaddr @ A, uword endaddr @ XY) -> ubyte @ Pc, ubyte @ A                    ; (via 818 ($332)) save to a device
+romsub $FFD5 = LOAD(ubyte verify @ A, uword address @ XY) -> ubyte @Pc, ubyte @ A, uword @ XY     ; (via 816 ($330)) load from device
+romsub $FFD8 = SAVE(ubyte zp_startaddr @ A, uword endaddr @ XY) -> ubyte @ Pc, ubyte @ A          ; (via 818 ($332)) save to a device
 romsub $FFDB = SETTIM(ubyte low @ A, ubyte middle @ X, ubyte high @ Y)      ; set the software clock
-romsub $FFDE = RDTIM() -> ubyte @ A, ubyte @ X, ubyte @ Y       ; read the software clock
+romsub $FFDE = RDTIM() -> ubyte @ A, ubyte @ X, ubyte @ Y       ; read the software clock (A=lo,X=mid,Y=high)
 romsub $FFE1 = STOP() clobbers(X) -> ubyte @ Pz, ubyte @ A      ; (via 808 ($328)) check the STOP key (and some others in A)
 romsub $FFE4 = GETIN() clobbers(X,Y) -> ubyte @Pc, ubyte @ A    ; (via 810 ($32A)) get a character
 romsub $FFE7 = CLALL() clobbers(A,X)                            ; (via 812 ($32C)) close all files
@@ -246,7 +244,7 @@ asmsub STOP2() -> ubyte @A  {
 }
 
 asmsub RDTIM16() -> uword @AY {
-    ; --  like RDTIM() but only returning the lower 16 bits for convenience
+    ; --  like RDTIM() but only returning the lower 16 bits in AY for convenience
     %asm {{
         stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
         jsr  c64.RDTIM
@@ -294,6 +292,12 @@ asmsub  init_system()  {
     }}
 }
 
+asmsub  init_system_phase2()  {
+    %asm {{
+        rts     ; no phase 2 steps on the C64
+    }}
+}
+
 asmsub  disable_runstop_and_charsetswitch() clobbers(A) {
     %asm {{
         lda  #$80
@@ -304,27 +308,13 @@ asmsub  disable_runstop_and_charsetswitch() clobbers(A) {
     }}
 }
 
-asmsub  set_irqvec_excl() clobbers(A)  {
-	%asm {{
-		sei
-		lda  #<_irq_handler
-		sta  c64.CINV
-		lda  #>_irq_handler
-		sta  c64.CINV+1
-		cli
-		rts
-_irq_handler	jsr  set_irqvec._irq_handler_init
-		jsr  irq.irq
-		jsr  set_irqvec._irq_handler_end
-		lda  #$ff
-		sta  c64.VICIRQ			; acknowledge raster irq
-		lda  c64.CIA1ICR		; acknowledge CIA1 interrupt
-		jmp  c64.IRQDFEND		; end irq processing - don't call kernel
-	}}
-}
-
-asmsub  set_irqvec() clobbers(A)  {
+asmsub  set_irq(uword handler @AY, ubyte useKernal @Pc) clobbers(A)  {
 	%asm {{
+	        sta  _modified+1
+	        sty  _modified+2
+	        lda  #0
+	        adc  #0
+	        sta  _use_kernal
 		sei
 		lda  #<_irq_handler
 		sta  c64.CINV
@@ -333,9 +323,23 @@ asmsub  set_irqvec() clobbers(A)  {
 		cli
 		rts
 _irq_handler    jsr  _irq_handler_init
-		jsr  irq.irq
+_modified	jsr  $ffff                      ; modified
 		jsr  _irq_handler_end
-		jmp  c64.IRQDFRT		; continue with normal kernel irq routine
+		lda  _use_kernal
+		bne  +
+		lda  #$ff
+		sta  c64.VICIRQ			; acknowledge raster irq
+		lda  c64.CIA1ICR		; acknowledge CIA1 interrupt
+		; end irq processing - don't use kernal's irq handling
+		pla
+		tay
+		pla
+		tax
+		pla
+		rti
++		jmp  c64.IRQDFRT		; continue with normal kernal irq routine
+
+_use_kernal     .byte  0
 
 _irq_handler_init
 		; save all zp scratch registers and the X register as these might be clobbered by the irq routine
@@ -388,7 +392,7 @@ IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD2	.word  0
 		}}
 }
 
-asmsub  restore_irqvec() clobbers(A) {
+asmsub  restore_irq() clobbers(A) {
 	%asm {{
 		sei
 		lda  #<c64.IRQDFRT
@@ -404,8 +408,15 @@ asmsub  restore_irqvec() clobbers(A) {
 	}}
 }
 
-asmsub  set_rasterirq(uword rasterpos @ AY) clobbers(A) {
+asmsub  set_rasterirq(uword handler @AY, uword rasterpos @R0, ubyte useKernal @Pc) clobbers(A) {
 	%asm {{
+	        sta  _modified+1
+	        sty  _modified+2
+	        lda  #0
+	        adc  #0
+	        sta  set_irq._use_kernal
+		lda  cx16.r0
+		ldy  cx16.r0+1
 		sei
 		jsr  _setup_raster_irq
 		lda  #<_raster_irq_handler
@@ -416,12 +427,21 @@ asmsub  set_rasterirq(uword rasterpos @ AY) clobbers(A) {
 		rts
 
 _raster_irq_handler
-		jsr  set_irqvec._irq_handler_init
-		jsr  irq.irq
-		jsr  set_irqvec._irq_handler_end
-		lda  #$ff
-		sta  c64.VICIRQ			; acknowledge raster irq
-		jmp  c64.IRQDFRT
+		jsr  set_irq._irq_handler_init
+_modified	jsr  $ffff              ; modified
+		jsr  set_irq._irq_handler_end
+                lda  #$ff
+                sta  c64.VICIRQ			; acknowledge raster irq
+		lda  set_irq._use_kernal
+		bne  +
+		; end irq processing - don't use kernal's irq handling
+		pla
+		tay
+		pla
+		tax
+		pla
+		rti
++		jmp  c64.IRQDFRT                ; continue with kernal irq routine
 
 _setup_raster_irq
 		pha
@@ -445,28 +465,6 @@ _setup_raster_irq
 	}}
 }
 
-asmsub  set_rasterirq_excl(uword rasterpos @ AY) clobbers(A) {
-	%asm {{
-		sei
-		jsr  set_rasterirq._setup_raster_irq
-		lda  #<_raster_irq_handler
-		sta  c64.CINV
-		lda  #>_raster_irq_handler
-		sta  c64.CINV+1
-		cli
-		rts
-
-_raster_irq_handler
-		jsr  set_irqvec._irq_handler_init
-		jsr  irq.irq
-		jsr  set_irqvec._irq_handler_end
-		lda  #$ff
-		sta  c64.VICIRQ			; acknowledge raster irq
-		jmp  c64.IRQDFEND		; end irq processing - don't call kernel
-
-	}}
-}
-
 ; ---- end of C64 specific system utility routines ----
 
 }
@@ -478,7 +476,7 @@ sys {
 
 
     asmsub  reset_system()  {
-        ; Soft-reset the system back to Basic prompt.
+        ; Soft-reset the system back to initial power-on Basic prompt.
         %asm {{
             sei
             lda  #14
@@ -489,6 +487,7 @@ sys {
 
     sub wait(uword jiffies) {
         ; --- wait approximately the given number of jiffies (1/60th seconds)
+        ;     note: the system irq handler has to be active for this to work as it depends on the system jiffy clock
         repeat jiffies {
             ubyte jiff = lsb(c64.RDTIM16())
             while jiff==lsb(c64.RDTIM16()) {
@@ -497,6 +496,27 @@ sys {
         }
     }
 
+    asmsub waitvsync() clobbers(A) {
+        ; --- busy wait till the next vsync has occurred (approximately), without depending on custom irq handling.
+        ;     note: a more accurate way to wait for vsync is to set up a vsync irq handler instead.
+        %asm {{
+-           bit  c64.SCROLY
+            bpl  -
+-           bit  c64.SCROLY
+            bmi  -
+            rts
+        }}
+    }
+
+    inline asmsub waitrastborder() {
+        ; --- busy wait till the raster position has reached the bottom screen border (approximately)
+        ;     note: a more accurate way to do this is by using a raster irq handler instead.
+        %asm {{
+-           bit  c64.SCROLY
+            bpl  -
+        }}
+    }
+
     asmsub memcopy(uword source @R0, uword target @R1, uword count @AY) clobbers(A,X,Y) {
         %asm {{
             ldx  cx16.r0
@@ -679,4 +699,37 @@ cx16 {
     &uword r14 = $cf1c
     &uword r15 = $cf1e
 
+    &ubyte r0L  = $cf00
+    &ubyte r1L  = $cf02
+    &ubyte r2L  = $cf04
+    &ubyte r3L  = $cf06
+    &ubyte r4L  = $cf08
+    &ubyte r5L  = $cf0a
+    &ubyte r6L  = $cf0c
+    &ubyte r7L  = $cf0e
+    &ubyte r8L  = $cf10
+    &ubyte r9L  = $cf12
+    &ubyte r10L = $cf14
+    &ubyte r11L = $cf16
+    &ubyte r12L = $cf18
+    &ubyte r13L = $cf1a
+    &ubyte r14L = $cf1c
+    &ubyte r15L = $cf1e
+
+    &ubyte r0H  = $cf01
+    &ubyte r1H  = $cf03
+    &ubyte r2H  = $cf05
+    &ubyte r3H  = $cf07
+    &ubyte r4H  = $cf09
+    &ubyte r5H  = $cf0b
+    &ubyte r6H  = $cf0d
+    &ubyte r7H  = $cf0f
+    &ubyte r8H  = $cf11
+    &ubyte r9H  = $cf13
+    &ubyte r10H = $cf15
+    &ubyte r11H = $cf17
+    &ubyte r12H = $cf19
+    &ubyte r13H = $cf1b
+    &ubyte r14H = $cf1d
+    &ubyte r15H = $cf1f
 }

compiler/res/prog8lib/c64/textio.p8

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 ;
 ; indent format: TABS, size=8
 
-%target c64
 %import syslib
 %import conv
 
@@ -31,6 +30,16 @@ sub spc() {
     txt.chrout(' ')
 }
 
+asmsub column(ubyte col @A) clobbers(A, X, Y) {
+    ; ---- set the cursor on the given column (starting with 0) on the current line
+    %asm {{
+        sec
+        jsr  c64.PLOT
+        tay
+        clc
+        jmp  c64.PLOT
+    }}
+}
 
 asmsub  fill_screen (ubyte char @ A, ubyte color @ Y) clobbers(A)  {
 	; ---- fill the character screen with the given fill character and character color.
@@ -576,7 +585,7 @@ _colormod	sta  $ffff		; modified
 }
 
 asmsub  plot  (ubyte col @ Y, ubyte row @ A) clobbers(A) {
-	; ---- safe wrapper around PLOT kernel routine, to save the X register.
+	; ---- safe wrapper around PLOT kernal routine, to save the X register.
 	%asm  {{
 		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
 		tax

compiler/res/prog8lib/conv.p8

@@ -7,239 +7,213 @@ conv {
 
 ; ----- number conversions to decimal strings ----
 
-asmsub  ubyte2decimal  (ubyte value @A) -> ubyte @Y, ubyte @A, ubyte @X  {
-	; ---- A to decimal string in Y/A/X  (100s in Y, 10s in A, 1s in X)
+    str  string_out = "????????????????"       ; result buffer for the string conversion routines
+
+asmsub  str_ub0  (ubyte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert the ubyte in A in decimal string form, with left padding 0s (3 positions total)
 	%asm {{
-		ldy  #uword2decimal.ASCII_0_OFFSET
-		bne  uword2decimal.hex_try200
-		rts
+            phx
+            jsr  conv.ubyte2decimal
+            sty  string_out
+            sta  string_out+1
+            stx  string_out+2
+            lda  #0
+            sta  string_out+3
+            plx
+            rts
 	}}
 }
 
-asmsub  uword2decimal  (uword value @AY) -> ubyte @Y, ubyte @A, ubyte @X  {
-	;  ---- convert 16 bit uword in A/Y to decimal
-	;  output in uword2decimal.decTenThousands, decThousands, decHundreds, decTens, decOnes
-	;  (these are terminated by a zero byte so they can be easily printed)
-	;  also returns Y = 100's, A = 10's, X = 1's
-
+asmsub  str_ub  (ubyte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert the ubyte in A in decimal string form, without left padding 0s
 	%asm {{
-
-;Convert 16 bit Hex to Decimal (0-65535) Rev 2
-;By Omegamatrix    Further optimizations by tepples
-; routine from http://forums.nesdev.com/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=11341&start=15
-
-;HexToDec99
-; start in A
-; end with A = 10's, decOnes (also in X)
-
-;HexToDec255
-; start in A
-; end with Y = 100's, A = 10's, decOnes (also in X)
-
-;HexToDec999
-; start with A = high byte, Y = low byte
-; end with Y = 100's, A = 10's, decOnes (also in X)
-; requires 1 extra temp register on top of decOnes, could combine
-; these two if HexToDec65535 was eliminated...
-
-;HexToDec65535
-; start with A/Y (low/high) as 16 bit value
-; end with decTenThousand, decThousand, Y = 100's, A = 10's, decOnes (also in X)
-; (irmen: I store Y and A in decHundreds and decTens too, so all of it can be easily printed)
-
-
-ASCII_0_OFFSET 	= $30
-temp       	    = P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1	; byte in zeropage
-hexHigh      	= P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1	; byte in zeropage
-hexLow       	= P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1	; byte in zeropage
-
-
-HexToDec65535; SUBROUTINE
-    sty    hexHigh               ;3  @9
-    sta    hexLow                ;3  @12
-    tya
-    tax                          ;2  @14
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @16
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @18   integer divide 1024 (result 0-63)
-
-    cpx    #$A7                  ;2  @20   account for overflow of multiplying 24 from 43,000 ($A7F8) onward,
-    adc    #1                    ;2  @22   we can just round it to $A700, and the divide by 1024 is fine...
-
-    ;at this point we have a number 1-65 that we have to times by 24,
-    ;add to original sum, and Mod 1024 to get a remainder 0-999
-
-
-    sta    temp                  ;3  @25
-    asl    a                     ;2  @27
-    adc    temp                  ;3  @30  x3
-    tay                          ;2  @32
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @34
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @36
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @38
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @40
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @42
-    tax                          ;2  @44
-    tya                          ;2  @46
-    asl    a                     ;2  @48
-    asl    a                     ;2  @50
-    asl    a                     ;2  @52
-    clc                          ;2  @54
-    adc    hexLow                ;3  @57
-    sta    hexLow                ;3  @60
-    txa                          ;2  @62
-    adc    hexHigh               ;3  @65
-    sta    hexHigh               ;3  @68
-    ror    a                     ;2  @70
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @72
-    tay                          ;2  @74    integer divide 1,000 (result 0-65)
-
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @76    split the 1,000 and 10,000 digit
-    tax                          ;2  @78
-    lda    ShiftedBcdTab,x       ;4  @82
-    tax                          ;2  @84
-    rol    a                     ;2  @86
-    and    #$0F                  ;2  @88
-    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
-    sta    decThousands          ;3  @91
-    txa                          ;2  @93
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @95
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @97
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @99
-    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
-    sta    decTenThousands       ;3  @102
-
-    lda    hexLow                ;3  @105
-    cpy    temp                  ;3  @108
-    bmi    _doSubtract           ;2³ @110/111
-    beq    _useZero               ;2³ @112/113
-    adc    #23 + 24              ;2  @114
-_doSubtract
-    sbc    #23                   ;2  @116
-    sta    hexLow                ;3  @119
-_useZero
-    lda    hexHigh               ;3  @122
-    sbc    #0                    ;2  @124
-
-Start100s
-    and    #$03                  ;2  @126
-    tax                          ;2  @128   0,1,2,3
-    cmp    #2                    ;2  @130
-    rol    a                     ;2  @132   0,2,5,7
-    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
-    tay                          ;2  @134   Y = Hundreds digit
-
-    lda    hexLow                ;3  @137
-    adc    Mod100Tab,x           ;4  @141    adding remainder of 256, 512, and 256+512 (all mod 100)
-    bcs    hex_doSub200             ;2³ @143/144
-
-hex_try200
-    cmp    #200                  ;2  @145
-    bcc    hex_try100               ;2³ @147/148
-hex_doSub200
-    iny                          ;2  @149
-    iny                          ;2  @151
-    sbc    #200                  ;2  @153
-hex_try100
-    cmp    #100                  ;2  @155
-    bcc    HexToDec99            ;2³ @157/158
-    iny                          ;2  @159
-    sbc    #100                  ;2  @161
-
-HexToDec99; SUBROUTINE
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @163
-    tax                          ;2  @165
-    lda    ShiftedBcdTab,x       ;4  @169
-    tax                          ;2  @171
-    rol    a                     ;2  @173
-    and    #$0F                  ;2  @175
-    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
-    sta    decOnes               ;3  @178
-    txa                          ;2  @180
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @182
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @184
-    lsr    a                     ;2  @186
-    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
-
-    ; irmen: load X with ones, and store Y and A too, for easy printing afterwards
-    sty  decHundreds
-    sta  decTens
-    ldx  decOnes
-    rts                          ;6  @192   Y=hundreds, A = tens digit, X=ones digit
-
-
-HexToDec999; SUBROUTINE
-    sty    hexLow                ;3  @9
-    jmp    Start100s             ;3  @12
-
-Mod100Tab
-    .byte 0,56,12,56+12
-
-ShiftedBcdTab
-    .byte $00,$01,$02,$03,$04,$08,$09,$0A,$0B,$0C
-    .byte $10,$11,$12,$13,$14,$18,$19,$1A,$1B,$1C
-    .byte $20,$21,$22,$23,$24,$28,$29,$2A,$2B,$2C
-    .byte $30,$31,$32,$33,$34,$38,$39,$3A,$3B,$3C
-    .byte $40,$41,$42,$43,$44,$48,$49,$4A,$4B,$4C
-
-decTenThousands   	.byte  0
-decThousands    	.byte  0
-decHundreds		.byte  0
-decTens			.byte  0
-decOnes   		.byte  0
-			.byte  0		; zero-terminate the decimal output string
-
-    }}
-}
-
-asmsub  byte2decimal  (byte value @A) -> ubyte @Y, ubyte @A, ubyte @X  {
-	; ---- A (signed byte) to decimal string in Y/A/X  (100s in Y, 10s in A, 1s in X)
-	;      note: if the number is negative, you have to deal with the '-' yourself!
-	%asm {{
-		cmp  #0
-		bpl  +
-		eor  #255
-		clc
-		adc  #1
-+		jmp  ubyte2decimal
-	}}
-}
-
-asmsub  ubyte2hex  (ubyte value @A) -> ubyte @A, ubyte @Y  {
-	; ---- A to hex petscii string in AY (first hex char in A, second hex char in Y)
-	%asm {{
-		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+		phx
+		ldy  #0
+		sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+		jsr  conv.ubyte2decimal
+_output_byte_digits
+                ; hundreds?
+		cpy  #'0'
+		beq  +
 		pha
-		and  #$0f
-		tax
-		ldy  _hex_digits,x
+		tya
+		ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+		sta  string_out,y
 		pla
-		lsr  a
-		lsr  a
-		lsr  a
-		lsr  a
-		tax
-		lda  _hex_digits,x
-		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		rts
-
-_hex_digits	.text "0123456789abcdef"	; can probably be reused for other stuff as well
+		inc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+		; tens?
++		ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+                cmp  #'0'
+		beq  +
+		sta  string_out,y
+		iny
++               ; ones.
+                txa
+                sta  string_out,y
+                iny
+                lda  #0
+                sta  string_out,y
+                plx
+                rts
 	}}
 }
 
-asmsub  uword2hex  (uword value @AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
-	; ---- convert 16 bit uword in A/Y into 4-character hexadecimal string 'uword2hex.output' (0-terminated)
+asmsub  str_b  (byte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert the byte in A in decimal string form, without left padding 0s
 	%asm {{
-		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		tya
-		jsr  ubyte2hex
-		sta  output
-		sty  output+1
-		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		jsr  ubyte2hex
-		sta  output+2
-		sty  output+3
-		rts
-output		.text  "0000", $00      ; 0-terminated output buffer (to make printing easier)
+            phx
+            ldy  #0
+            sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            cmp  #0
+            bpl  +
+            pha
+            lda  #'-'
+            sta  string_out
+            inc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            pla
++	    jsr  conv.byte2decimal
+            bra  str_ub._output_byte_digits
+	}}
+}
+
+asmsub  str_ubhex  (ubyte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert the ubyte in A in hex string form
+	%asm {{
+            jsr  conv.ubyte2hex
+            sta  string_out
+            sty  string_out+1
+            lda  #0
+            sta  string_out+2
+            rts
+	}}
+}
+
+asmsub  str_ubbin  (ubyte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert the ubyte in A in binary string form
+	%asm {{
+	    sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+	    ldy  #0
+	    sty  string_out+8
+	    ldy  #7
+-	    lsr  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            bcc  +
+            lda  #'1'
+            bne  _digit
++           lda  #'0'
+_digit      sta  string_out,y
+            dey
+	    bpl  -
+	    rts
+	}}
+}
+
+asmsub  str_uwbin  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert the uword in A/Y in binary string form
+	%asm {{
+	    sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+	    tya
+	    jsr  str_ubbin
+	    ldy  #0
+	    sty  string_out+16
+	    ldy  #7
+-	    lsr  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+            bcc  +
+            lda  #'1'
+            bne  _digit
++           lda  #'0'
+_digit      sta  string_out+8,y
+            dey
+	    bpl  -
+	    rts
+	}}
+}
+
+asmsub  str_uwhex  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert the uword in A/Y in hexadecimal string form (4 digits)
+	%asm {{
+            pha
+            tya
+            jsr  conv.ubyte2hex
+            sta  string_out
+            sty  string_out+1
+            pla
+            jsr  conv.ubyte2hex
+            sta  string_out+2
+            sty  string_out+3
+            lda  #0
+            sta  string_out+4
+            rts
+	}}
+}
+
+asmsub  str_uw0  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert the uword in A/Y in decimal string form, with left padding 0s (5 positions total)
+	%asm {{
+	    phx
+	    jsr  conv.uword2decimal
+	    ldy  #0
+-           lda  conv.uword2decimal.decTenThousands,y
+            sta  string_out,y
+            beq  +
+            iny
+            bne  -
++           plx
+	    rts
+	}}
+}
+
+asmsub  str_uw  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert the uword in A/Y in decimal string form, without left padding 0s
+	%asm {{
+	    phx
+	    jsr  conv.uword2decimal
+	    ldx  #0
+_output_digits
+	    ldy  #0
+-           lda  conv.uword2decimal.decTenThousands,y
+            beq  _allzero
+            cmp  #'0'
+            bne  _gotdigit
+            iny
+            bne  -
+_gotdigit   sta  string_out,x
+            inx
+            iny
+            lda  conv.uword2decimal.decTenThousands,y
+            bne  _gotdigit
+_end        lda  #0
+            sta  string_out,x
+            plx
+            rts
+
+_allzero    lda  #'0'
+            sta  string_out,x
+            inx
+            bne  _end
+	}}
+}
+
+asmsub  str_w  (word value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert the (signed) word in A/Y in decimal string form, without left padding 0's
+	%asm {{
+	    cpy  #0
+	    bpl  str_uw
+	    phx
+	    pha
+	    lda  #'-'
+	    sta  string_out
+            tya
+            eor  #255
+            tay
+            pla
+            eor  #255
+            clc
+            adc  #1
+            bcc  +
+            iny
++	    jsr  conv.uword2decimal
+	    ldx  #1
+	    bne  str_uw._output_digits
 	}}
 }
 
@@ -257,7 +231,7 @@ asmsub  any2uword(str string @AY) clobbers(Y) -> ubyte @A {
 	sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
 	sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
 	ldy  #0
-	lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1)
+	lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
 	ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
 	cmp  #'$'
 	beq  _hex
@@ -520,4 +494,243 @@ _stop
 	}}
 }
 
+
+; ----- low level number conversions to decimal strings ----
+
+asmsub  ubyte2decimal  (ubyte value @A) -> ubyte @Y, ubyte @A, ubyte @X  {
+	; ---- A to decimal string in Y/A/X  (100s in Y, 10s in A, 1s in X)
+	%asm {{
+		ldy  #uword2decimal.ASCII_0_OFFSET
+		bne  uword2decimal.hex_try200
+		rts
+	}}
+}
+
+asmsub  uword2decimal  (uword value @AY) -> ubyte @Y, ubyte @A, ubyte @X  {
+	;  ---- convert 16 bit uword in A/Y to decimal
+	;  output in uword2decimal.decTenThousands, decThousands, decHundreds, decTens, decOnes
+	;  (these are terminated by a zero byte so they can be easily printed)
+	;  also returns Y = 100's, A = 10's, X = 1's
+
+	%asm {{
+
+;Convert 16 bit Hex to Decimal (0-65535) Rev 2
+;By Omegamatrix    Further optimizations by tepples
+; routine from http://forums.nesdev.com/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=11341&start=15
+
+;HexToDec99
+; start in A
+; end with A = 10's, decOnes (also in X)
+
+;HexToDec255
+; start in A
+; end with Y = 100's, A = 10's, decOnes (also in X)
+
+;HexToDec999
+; start with A = high byte, Y = low byte
+; end with Y = 100's, A = 10's, decOnes (also in X)
+; requires 1 extra temp register on top of decOnes, could combine
+; these two if HexToDec65535 was eliminated...
+
+;HexToDec65535
+; start with A/Y (low/high) as 16 bit value
+; end with decTenThousand, decThousand, Y = 100's, A = 10's, decOnes (also in X)
+; (irmen: I store Y and A in decHundreds and decTens too, so all of it can be easily printed)
+
+
+ASCII_0_OFFSET 	= $30
+temp       	    = P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1	; byte in zeropage
+hexHigh      	= P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1	; byte in zeropage
+hexLow       	= P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1	; byte in zeropage
+
+
+HexToDec65535; SUBROUTINE
+    sty    hexHigh               ;3  @9
+    sta    hexLow                ;3  @12
+    tya
+    tax                          ;2  @14
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @16
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @18   integer divide 1024 (result 0-63)
+
+    cpx    #$A7                  ;2  @20   account for overflow of multiplying 24 from 43,000 ($A7F8) onward,
+    adc    #1                    ;2  @22   we can just round it to $A700, and the divide by 1024 is fine...
+
+    ;at this point we have a number 1-65 that we have to times by 24,
+    ;add to original sum, and Mod 1024 to get a remainder 0-999
+
+
+    sta    temp                  ;3  @25
+    asl    a                     ;2  @27
+    adc    temp                  ;3  @30  x3
+    tay                          ;2  @32
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @34
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @36
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @38
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @40
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @42
+    tax                          ;2  @44
+    tya                          ;2  @46
+    asl    a                     ;2  @48
+    asl    a                     ;2  @50
+    asl    a                     ;2  @52
+    clc                          ;2  @54
+    adc    hexLow                ;3  @57
+    sta    hexLow                ;3  @60
+    txa                          ;2  @62
+    adc    hexHigh               ;3  @65
+    sta    hexHigh               ;3  @68
+    ror    a                     ;2  @70
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @72
+    tay                          ;2  @74    integer divide 1,000 (result 0-65)
+
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @76    split the 1,000 and 10,000 digit
+    tax                          ;2  @78
+    lda    ShiftedBcdTab,x       ;4  @82
+    tax                          ;2  @84
+    rol    a                     ;2  @86
+    and    #$0F                  ;2  @88
+    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
+    sta    decThousands          ;3  @91
+    txa                          ;2  @93
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @95
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @97
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @99
+    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
+    sta    decTenThousands       ;3  @102
+
+    lda    hexLow                ;3  @105
+    cpy    temp                  ;3  @108
+    bmi    _doSubtract           ;2³ @110/111
+    beq    _useZero               ;2³ @112/113
+    adc    #23 + 24              ;2  @114
+_doSubtract
+    sbc    #23                   ;2  @116
+    sta    hexLow                ;3  @119
+_useZero
+    lda    hexHigh               ;3  @122
+    sbc    #0                    ;2  @124
+
+Start100s
+    and    #$03                  ;2  @126
+    tax                          ;2  @128   0,1,2,3
+    cmp    #2                    ;2  @130
+    rol    a                     ;2  @132   0,2,5,7
+    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
+    tay                          ;2  @134   Y = Hundreds digit
+
+    lda    hexLow                ;3  @137
+    adc    Mod100Tab,x           ;4  @141    adding remainder of 256, 512, and 256+512 (all mod 100)
+    bcs    hex_doSub200             ;2³ @143/144
+
+hex_try200
+    cmp    #200                  ;2  @145
+    bcc    hex_try100               ;2³ @147/148
+hex_doSub200
+    iny                          ;2  @149
+    iny                          ;2  @151
+    sbc    #200                  ;2  @153
+hex_try100
+    cmp    #100                  ;2  @155
+    bcc    HexToDec99            ;2³ @157/158
+    iny                          ;2  @159
+    sbc    #100                  ;2  @161
+
+HexToDec99; SUBROUTINE
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @163
+    tax                          ;2  @165
+    lda    ShiftedBcdTab,x       ;4  @169
+    tax                          ;2  @171
+    rol    a                     ;2  @173
+    and    #$0F                  ;2  @175
+    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
+    sta    decOnes               ;3  @178
+    txa                          ;2  @180
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @182
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @184
+    lsr    a                     ;2  @186
+    ora    #ASCII_0_OFFSET
+
+    ; irmen: load X with ones, and store Y and A too, for easy printing afterwards
+    sty  decHundreds
+    sta  decTens
+    ldx  decOnes
+    rts                          ;6  @192   Y=hundreds, A = tens digit, X=ones digit
+
+
+HexToDec999; SUBROUTINE
+    sty    hexLow                ;3  @9
+    jmp    Start100s             ;3  @12
+
+Mod100Tab
+    .byte 0,56,12,56+12
+
+ShiftedBcdTab
+    .byte $00,$01,$02,$03,$04,$08,$09,$0A,$0B,$0C
+    .byte $10,$11,$12,$13,$14,$18,$19,$1A,$1B,$1C
+    .byte $20,$21,$22,$23,$24,$28,$29,$2A,$2B,$2C
+    .byte $30,$31,$32,$33,$34,$38,$39,$3A,$3B,$3C
+    .byte $40,$41,$42,$43,$44,$48,$49,$4A,$4B,$4C
+
+decTenThousands   	.byte  0
+decThousands    	.byte  0
+decHundreds		.byte  0
+decTens			.byte  0
+decOnes   		.byte  0
+			.byte  0		; zero-terminate the decimal output string
+
+    }}
+}
+
+asmsub  byte2decimal  (byte value @A) -> ubyte @Y, ubyte @A, ubyte @X  {
+	; ---- A (signed byte) to decimal string in Y/A/X  (100s in Y, 10s in A, 1s in X)
+	;      note: if the number is negative, you have to deal with the '-' yourself!
+	%asm {{
+		cmp  #0
+		bpl  +
+		eor  #255
+		clc
+		adc  #1
++		jmp  ubyte2decimal
+	}}
+}
+
+asmsub  ubyte2hex  (ubyte value @A) -> ubyte @A, ubyte @Y  {
+	; ---- A to hex petscii string in AY (first hex char in A, second hex char in Y)
+	%asm {{
+		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+		pha
+		and  #$0f
+		tax
+		ldy  _hex_digits,x
+		pla
+		lsr  a
+		lsr  a
+		lsr  a
+		lsr  a
+		tax
+		lda  _hex_digits,x
+		ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+		rts
+
+_hex_digits	.text "0123456789abcdef"	; can probably be reused for other stuff as well
+	}}
+}
+
+asmsub  uword2hex  (uword value @AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
+	; ---- convert 16 bit uword in A/Y into 4-character hexadecimal string 'uword2hex.output' (0-terminated)
+	%asm {{
+		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+		tya
+		jsr  ubyte2hex
+		sta  output
+		sty  output+1
+		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+		jsr  ubyte2hex
+		sta  output+2
+		sty  output+3
+		rts
+output		.text  "0000", $00      ; 0-terminated output buffer (to make printing easier)
+	}}
+}
+
 }

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/floats.p8

@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@
 ;
 ; indent format: TABS, size=8
 
-%target cx16
 %option enable_floats
 
 floats {
-	; ---- this block contains C-64 floating point related functions ----
+	; ---- this block contains C-64 compatible floating point related functions ----
+	;      the addresses are from cx16 V39 emulator and roms! they won't work on older versions.
+
 
         const float  PI     = 3.141592653589793
         const float  TWOPI  = 6.283185307179586
@@ -43,46 +44,44 @@ romsub $fe1e = NORMAL() clobbers(A,X,Y)                     ; normalize fac1 (?)
 romsub $fe24 = LOG() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = LN(fac1)  (natural log)
 romsub $fe27 = FMULT(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)      ; fac1 *= mflpt value from A/Y
 romsub $fe2a = FMULTT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                     ; fac1 *= fac2
-romsub $fe33 = CONUPK(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)       ; load mflpt value from memory  in A/Y into fac2
-romsub $fe36 = MUL10() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 *= 10
-romsub $fe3c = DIV10() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 /= 10 , CAUTION: result is always positive!
-romsub $fe3f = FDIV(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)       ; fac1 = mflpt in A/Y / fac1  (remainder in fac2)
-romsub $fe42 = FDIVT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 = fac2/fac1  (remainder in fac2)  mind the order of the operands
+romsub $fe30 = CONUPK(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)     ; load mflpt value from memory  in A/Y into fac2
+romsub $fe33 = MUL10() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 *= 10
+romsub $fe36 = DIV10() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 /= 10 , CAUTION: result is always positive!
+romsub $fe39 = FDIV(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)       ; fac1 = mflpt in A/Y / fac1  (remainder in fac2)
+romsub $fe3c = FDIVT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 = fac2/fac1  (remainder in fac2)  mind the order of the operands
 
-romsub $fe48 = MOVFM(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)        ; load mflpt value from memory  in A/Y into fac1
-romsub $fe4b = MOVMF(uword mflpt @ XY) clobbers(A,Y)        ; store fac1 to memory  X/Y as 5-byte mflpt
-romsub $fe4e = MOVFA() clobbers(A,X)                        ; copy fac2 to fac1
-romsub $fe51 = MOVAF() clobbers(A,X)                        ; copy fac1 to fac2  (rounded)
-romsub $fe54 = MOVEF() clobbers(A,X)                        ; copy fac1 to fac2
-romsub $fe5a = SIGN() -> ubyte @ A                          ; SIGN(fac1) to A, $ff, $0, $1 for negative, zero, positive
-romsub $fe5d = SGN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = SGN(fac1), result of SIGN (-1, 0 or 1)
-romsub $fe60 = FREADSA(byte value @ A) clobbers(A,X,Y)      ; 8 bit signed A -> float in fac1
-romsub $fe6c = ABS()                                        ; fac1 = ABS(fac1)
-romsub $fe6f = FCOMP(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(X,Y) -> ubyte @ A   ; A = compare fac1 to mflpt in A/Y, 0=equal 1=fac1 is greater, 255=fac1 is less than
-romsub $fe78 = INT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; INT() truncates, use FADDH first to round instead of trunc
-romsub $fe7e = FINLOG(byte value @A) clobbers (A, X, Y)           ; fac1 += signed byte in A
-romsub $fe81 = FOUT() clobbers(X) -> uword @ AY             ; fac1 -> string, address returned in AY
-romsub $fe8a = SQR() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = SQRT(fac1)
-romsub $fe8d = FPWRT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 = fac2 ** fac1
-; note: there is no FPWR() on the Cx16
-romsub $fe93 = NEGOP() clobbers(A)                          ; switch the sign of fac1
-romsub $fe96 = EXP() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = EXP(fac1)  (e ** fac1)
-romsub $fe9f = RND2(byte value @A) clobbers(A,X,Y)                ; fac1 = RND(A) float random number generator
-romsub $fea2 = RND() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = RND(fac1) float random number generator
-romsub $fea5 = COS() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = COS(fac1)
-romsub $fea8 = SIN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = SIN(fac1)
-romsub $feab = TAN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = TAN(fac1)
-romsub $feae = ATN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = ATN(fac1)
+romsub $fe42 = MOVFM(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)      ; load mflpt value from memory  in A/Y into fac1
+romsub $fe45 = MOVMF(uword mflpt @ XY) clobbers(A,X,Y)      ; store fac1 to memory  X/Y as 5-byte mflpt
+romsub $fe48 = MOVFA() clobbers(A,X)                        ; copy fac2 to fac1
+romsub $fe4b = MOVAF() clobbers(A,X)                        ; copy fac1 to fac2  (rounded)
+romsub $fe4e = MOVEF() clobbers(A,X)                        ; copy fac1 to fac2
+romsub $fe54 = SIGN() clobbers(X,Y) -> ubyte @ A            ; SIGN(fac1) to A, $ff, $0, $1 for negative, zero, positive
+romsub $fe57 = SGN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = SGN(fac1), result of SIGN (-1, 0 or 1)
+romsub $fe5a = FREADSA(byte value @ A) clobbers(A,X,Y)      ; 8 bit signed A -> float in fac1
+romsub $fe66 = ABS() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = ABS(fac1)
+romsub $fe69 = FCOMP(uword mflpt @ AY) clobbers(X,Y) -> ubyte @ A   ; A = compare fac1 to mflpt in A/Y, 0=equal 1=fac1 is greater, 255=fac1 is less than
+romsub $fe72 = INT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; INT() truncates, use FADDH first to round instead of trunc
+romsub $fe78 = FINLOG(byte value @A) clobbers (A, X, Y)           ; fac1 += signed byte in A
+romsub $fe7b = FOUT() clobbers(X) -> uword @ AY             ; fac1 -> string, address returned in AY
+romsub $fe81 = SQR() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = SQRT(fac1)
+romsub $fe84 = FPWRT() clobbers(A,X,Y)                      ; fac1 = fac2 ** fac1
+romsub $fe8a = NEGOP() clobbers(A)                          ; switch the sign of fac1 (fac1 = -fac1)
+romsub $fe8d = EXP() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = EXP(fac1)  (e ** fac1)
+romsub $fe96 = RND() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = RND(fac1) float random number generator
+romsub $fe99 = COS() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = COS(fac1)
+romsub $fe9c = SIN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = SIN(fac1)
+romsub $fe9f = TAN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = TAN(fac1)
+romsub $fea2 = ATN() clobbers(A,X,Y)                        ; fac1 = ATN(fac1)
 
 
 asmsub  GIVUAYFAY  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)  {
 	; ---- unsigned 16 bit word in A/Y (lo/hi) to fac1
 	%asm {{
         phx
-        sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
+        sta  _tmp
         sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
         tya
-        ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
+        ldy  _tmp
         jsr  GIVAYF                 ; load it as signed... correct afterwards
         lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
 	    bpl  +
@@ -91,6 +90,7 @@ asmsub  GIVUAYFAY  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)  {
 	    jsr  FADD
 +	    plx
         rts
+_tmp        .byte 0
 _flt65536    .byte 145,0,0,0,0       ; 65536.0
 	}}
 }
@@ -128,6 +128,14 @@ asmsub  GETADRAY  () clobbers(X) -> uword @ AY  {
 	}}
 }
 
+asmsub  FREADUY (ubyte value @Y) {
+    ; -- 8 bit unsigned Y -> float in fac1
+    %asm {{
+        lda  #0
+        jmp  GIVAYF
+    }}
+}
+
 sub  print_f  (float value) {
 	; ---- prints the floating point value (without a newline).
 	%asm {{
@@ -149,7 +157,7 @@ sub  print_f  (float value) {
 	}}
 }
 
-%asminclude "library:c64/floats.asm", ""
-%asminclude "library:c64/floats_funcs.asm", ""
+%asminclude "library:c64/floats.asm"
+%asminclude "library:c64/floats_funcs.asm"
 
 }

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/gfx2.p8

@@ -1,33 +1,41 @@
-%target cx16
-
-; Bitmap pixel graphics module for the CommanderX16
+; Bitmap pixel graphics routines for the CommanderX16
 ; Custom routines to use the full-screen 640x480 and 320x240 screen modes.
-; This only works on the Cx16. No text layer is currently shown, text can be drawn as part of the bitmap itself.
-; Note: for compatible graphics code that words on C64 too, use the "graphics" module instead.
-; Note: there is no color palette manipulation here, you have to do that yourself or use the "palette" module.
+; (These modes are not supported by the documented GRAPH_xxxx kernal routines)
+;
+; No text layer is currently shown, text can be drawn as part of the bitmap itself.
+; Note: for similar graphics routines that also work on the C-64, use the "graphics" module instead.
+; Note: for color palette manipulation, use the "palette" module or write Vera registers yourself.
+; Note: this library implements code for various resolutions and color depths. This takes up memory.
+;       If you're memory constrained you should probably not use this built-in library,
+;       but make a copy in your project only containing the code for the required resolution.
+;
+;
+; SCREEN MODE LIST:
+;   mode 0 = reset back to default text mode
+;   mode 1 = bitmap 320 x 240 monochrome
+;   mode 2 = bitmap 320 x 240 x 4c (TODO not yet implemented)
+;   mode 3 = bitmap 320 x 240 x 16c (TODO not yet implemented)
+;   mode 4 = bitmap 320 x 240 x 256c
+;   mode 5 = bitmap 640 x 480 monochrome
+;   mode 6 = bitmap 640 x 480 x 4c
+;   higher color dephts in highres are not supported due to lack of VRAM
+
 
 ; TODO can we make a FB vector table and emulation routines for the Cx16s' GRAPH_init() call? to replace the builtin 320x200 fb driver?
 
 gfx2 {
 
     ; read-only control variables:
-    ubyte active_mode = 255
+    ubyte active_mode = 0
     uword width = 0
     uword height = 0
     ubyte bpp = 0
     ubyte monochrome_dont_stipple_flag = false            ; set to false to enable stippling mode in monochrome displaymodes
 
     sub screen_mode(ubyte mode) {
-        ; mode 0 = bitmap 320 x 240 x 1c monochrome
-        ; mode 1 = bitmap 320 x 240 x 256c
-        ; mode 128 = bitmap 640 x 480 x 1c monochrome
-        ; ...other modes?
-
-        ; copy the lower-case charset to the upper part of the vram, so we can use it later to plot text
-
         when mode {
-            0 -> {
-                ; 320 x 240 x 1c
+            1 -> {
+                ; lores monochrome
                 cx16.VERA_DC_VIDEO = (cx16.VERA_DC_VIDEO & %11001111) | %00100000      ; enable only layer 1
                 cx16.VERA_DC_HSCALE = 64
                 cx16.VERA_DC_VSCALE = 64
@@ -38,8 +46,9 @@ gfx2 {
                 height = 240
                 bpp = 1
             }
-            1 -> {
-                ; 320 x 240 x 256c
+            ; TODO modes 2, 3 not yet implemented
+            4 -> {
+                ; lores 256c
                 cx16.VERA_DC_VIDEO = (cx16.VERA_DC_VIDEO & %11001111) | %00100000      ; enable only layer 1
                 cx16.VERA_DC_HSCALE = 64
                 cx16.VERA_DC_VSCALE = 64
@@ -50,8 +59,8 @@ gfx2 {
                 height = 240
                 bpp = 8
             }
-            128 -> {
-                ; 640 x 480 x 1c
+            5 -> {
+                ; highres monochrome
                 cx16.VERA_DC_VIDEO = (cx16.VERA_DC_VIDEO & %11001111) | %00100000      ; enable only layer 1
                 cx16.VERA_DC_HSCALE = 128
                 cx16.VERA_DC_VSCALE = 128
@@ -62,13 +71,26 @@ gfx2 {
                 height = 480
                 bpp = 1
             }
-            255 -> {
+            6 -> {
+                ; highres 4c
+                cx16.VERA_DC_VIDEO = (cx16.VERA_DC_VIDEO & %11001111) | %00100000      ; enable only layer 1
+                cx16.VERA_DC_HSCALE = 128
+                cx16.VERA_DC_VSCALE = 128
+                cx16.VERA_L1_CONFIG = %00000101
+                cx16.VERA_L1_MAPBASE = 0
+                cx16.VERA_L1_TILEBASE = %00000001
+                width = 640
+                height = 480
+                bpp = 2
+            }
+            else -> {
                 ; back to default text mode and colors
                 cx16.VERA_CTRL = %10000000      ; reset VERA and palette
                 c64.CINT()      ; back to text mode
                 width = 0
                 height = 0
                 bpp = 0
+                mode = 0
             }
         }
 
@@ -81,21 +103,28 @@ gfx2 {
         monochrome_stipple(false)
         position(0, 0)
         when active_mode {
-            0 -> {
-                ; 320 x 240 x 1c
+            1 -> {
+                ; lores monochrome
                 repeat 240/2/8
                     cs_innerloop640()
             }
-            1 -> {
-                ; 320 x 240 x 256c
+            ; TODO mode 2, 3
+            4 -> {
+                ; lores 256c
                 repeat 240/2
                     cs_innerloop640()
             }
-            128 -> {
-                ; 640 x 480 x 1c
+            5 -> {
+                ; highres monochrome
                 repeat 480/8
                     cs_innerloop640()
             }
+            6 -> {
+                ; highres 4c
+                repeat 480/4
+                    cs_innerloop640()
+            }
+            ; modes 7 and 8 not supported due to lack of VRAM
         }
         position(0, 0)
     }
@@ -130,35 +159,13 @@ gfx2 {
         if length==0
             return
         when active_mode {
-            1 -> {
-                ; 8bpp mode
-                position(x, y)
-                %asm {{
-                    lda  color
-                    phx
-                    ldx  length+1
-                    beq  +
-                    ldy  #0
--                   sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-                    iny
-                    bne  -
-                    dex
-                    bne  -
-+                   ldy  length     ; remaining
-                    beq  +
--                   sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-                    dey
-                    bne  -
-+                   plx
-                }}
-            }
-            0, 128 -> {
-                ; 1 bpp mode
+            1, 5 -> {
+                ; monochrome modes, either resolution
                 ubyte separate_pixels = (8-lsb(x)) & 7
                 if separate_pixels as uword > length
                     separate_pixels = lsb(length)
                 repeat separate_pixels {
-                    ; this could be  optimized by setting this byte in 1 go but probably not worth it due to code size
+                    ; TODO optimize this by writing a masked byte in 1 go
                     plot(x, y, color)
                     x++
                 }
@@ -200,116 +207,188 @@ _loop                   lda  length
 _done
                     }}
                     repeat separate_pixels {
-                        ; this could be  optimized by setting this byte in 1 go but probably not worth it due to code size
+                        ; TODO optimize this by writing a masked byte in 1 go
                         plot(x, y, color)
                         x++
                     }
                 }
-                cx16.VERA_ADDR_H = (cx16.VERA_ADDR_H & %00000111)   ; vera auto-increment off again
+                cx16.VERA_ADDR_H &= %00000111   ; vera auto-increment off again
+            }
+            4 -> {
+                ; lores 256c
+                position(x, y)
+                %asm {{
+                    lda  color
+                    phx
+                    ldx  length+1
+                    beq  +
+                    ldy  #0
+-                   sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                    iny
+                    bne  -
+                    dex
+                    bne  -
++                   ldy  length     ; remaining
+                    beq  +
+-                   sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                    dey
+                    bne  -
++                   plx
+                }}
+            }
+            6 -> {
+                ; highres 4c
+                ; TODO also mostly usable for lores 4c?
+                color &= 3
+                ubyte[4] colorbits
+                ubyte ii
+                for ii in 3 downto 0 {
+                    colorbits[ii] = color
+                    color <<= 2
+                }
+                void addr_mul_24_for_highres_4c(y, x)      ; 24 bits result is in r0 and r1L (highest byte)
+                %asm {{
+                    lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+                    and  #%00000111         ; no auto advance
+                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+                    stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL     ; setup vera addr 0
+                    lda  cx16.r1
+                    and  #1
+                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+                    lda  cx16.r0
+                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+                    lda  cx16.r0+1
+                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+                    phx
+                    ldx  x
+                }}
+
+                repeat length {
+                    %asm {{
+                        txa
+                        and  #3
+                        tay
+                        lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                        and  gfx2.plot.mask4c,y
+                        ora  colorbits,y
+                        sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                        cpy  #%00000011         ; next vera byte?
+                        bne  ++
+                        inc  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+                        bne  ++
+                        inc  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
++                       bne  +
+                        inc  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
++                       inx                     ; next pixel
+                    }}
+                }
+
+                %asm {{
+                    plx
+                }}
             }
         }
     }
 
     sub vertical_line(uword x, uword y, uword height, ubyte color) {
-        position(x,y)
-        if active_mode==1 {
-            ; set vera auto-increment to 320 pixel increment (=next line)
-            cx16.VERA_ADDR_H = (cx16.VERA_ADDR_H & %00000111) | (14<<4)
-            %asm {{
-                ldy  height
-                beq  +
-                lda  color
--               sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-                dey
-                bne  -
-+
-            }}
-            return
-        }
-
-        ; note for the 1 bpp modes we can't use vera's auto increment mode because we have to 'or' the pixel data in place.
-        cx16.VERA_ADDR_H = (cx16.VERA_ADDR_H & %00000111)   ; no auto advance
-        cx16.r15 = gfx2.plot.bits[x as ubyte & 7]           ; bitmask
-        if active_mode>=128
-            cx16.r14 = 640/8
-        else
-            cx16.r14 = 320/8
-        if color {
-            if monochrome_dont_stipple_flag {
-                repeat height {
-                    %asm {{
-                        lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-                        ora  cx16.r15
-                        sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-                        lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-                        clc
-                        adc  cx16.r14                 ; advance vera ptr to go to the next line
-                        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-                        lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-                        adc  #0
-                        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-                        ; lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H     ; the bitmap size is small enough to not have to deal with the _H part.
-                        ; adc  #0
-                        ; sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-                    }}
+        when active_mode {
+            1, 5 -> {
+                ; monochrome, lo-res
+                cx16.r15L = gfx2.plot.bits[x as ubyte & 7]           ; bitmask
+                if color {
+                    if monochrome_dont_stipple_flag {
+                        ; draw continuous line.
+                        position2(x,y,true)
+                        if active_mode==1
+                            set_both_strides(11)    ; 40 increment = 1 line in 320 px monochrome
+                        else
+                            set_both_strides(12)    ; 80 increment = 1 line in 640 px monochrome
+                        repeat height {
+                            %asm {{
+                                lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                                ora  cx16.r15L
+                                sta  cx16.VERA_DATA1
+                            }}
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        ; draw stippled line.
+                        if x&1 {
+                            y++
+                            height--
+                        }
+                        position2(x,y,true)
+                        if active_mode==1
+                            set_both_strides(12)    ; 80 increment = 2 line in 320 px monochrome
+                        else
+                            set_both_strides(13)    ; 160 increment = 2 line in 640 px monochrome
+                        repeat height/2 {
+                            %asm {{
+                                lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                                ora  cx16.r15L
+                                sta  cx16.VERA_DATA1
+                            }}
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    position2(x,y,true)
+                    cx16.r15 = ~cx16.r15    ; erase pixels
+                    if active_mode==1
+                        set_both_strides(11)    ; 40 increment = 1 line in 320 px monochrome
+                    else
+                        set_both_strides(12)    ; 80 increment = 1 line in 640 px monochrome
+                    repeat height {
+                        %asm {{
+                            lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                            and  cx16.r15L
+                            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA1
+                        }}
+                    }
                 }
-            } else {
-                ; stippling.
-                height = (height+1)/2
+            }
+            4 -> {
+                ; lores 256c
+                ; set vera auto-increment to 320 pixel increment (=next line)
+                position(x,y)
+                cx16.VERA_ADDR_H = cx16.VERA_ADDR_H & %00000111 | (14<<4)
                 %asm {{
-                    lda x
-                    eor y
-                    and #1
-                    bne +
-                    lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-                    clc
-                    adc  cx16.r14                ; advance vera ptr to go to the next line for correct stipple pattern
-                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-                    lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-                    adc  #0
-                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-+
-                    asl  cx16.r14
                     ldy  height
                     beq  +
--                   lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-                    ora  cx16.r15
-                    sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-                    lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-                    clc
-                    adc  cx16.r14               ; advance vera data ptr to go to the next-next line
-                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-                    lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-                    adc  #0
-                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-                    ; lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H      ; the bitmap size is small enough to not have to deal with the _H part.
-                    ; adc  #0
-                    ; sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+                    lda  color
+-                   sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
                     dey
                     bne  -
 +
                 }}
             }
-        } else {
-            cx16.r15 = ~cx16.r15
-            repeat height {
-                %asm {{
-                    lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-                    and  cx16.r15
-                    sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-                    lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-                    clc
-                    adc  cx16.r14             ; advance vera data ptr to go to the next line
-                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-                    lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-                    adc  #0
-                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-                    ; lda  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H      ; the bitmap size is small enough to not have to deal with the _H part.
-                    ; adc  #0
-                    ; sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-                }}
+            6 -> {
+                ; highres 4c
+                ; use TWO vera adress pointers simultaneously one for reading, one for writing, so auto-increment is possible
+                if height==0
+                    return
+                position2(x,y,true)
+                set_both_strides(13)    ; 160 increment = 1 line in 640 px 4c mode
+                color &= 3
+                color <<= gfx2.plot.shift4c[lsb(x) & 3]
+                ubyte mask = gfx2.plot.mask4c[lsb(x) & 3]
+                repeat height {
+                    %asm {{
+                        lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                        and  mask
+                        ora  color
+                        sta  cx16.VERA_DATA1
+                    }}
+                }
             }
         }
+
+        sub set_both_strides(ubyte stride) {
+            stride <<= 4
+            cx16.VERA_CTRL = 0
+            cx16.VERA_ADDR_H = cx16.VERA_ADDR_H & %00000111 | stride
+            cx16.VERA_CTRL = 1
+            cx16.VERA_ADDR_H = cx16.VERA_ADDR_H & %00000111 | stride
+        }
+
     }
 
     sub line(uword @zp x1, uword @zp y1, uword @zp x2, uword @zp y2, ubyte color) {
@@ -320,42 +399,41 @@ _done
             swap(x1, x2)
             swap(y1, y2)
         }
-        word @zp dx = x2-x1 as word
-        word @zp dy = y2-y1 as word
+        word @zp dx = (x2 as word)-x1
+        word @zp dy = (y2 as word)-y1
 
         if dx==0 {
-            vertical_line(x1, y1, abs(dy)+1 as uword, color)
+            vertical_line(x1, y1, abs(dy) as uword +1, color)
             return
         }
         if dy==0 {
             if x1>x2
                 x1=x2
-            horizontal_line(x1, y1, abs(dx)+1 as uword, color)
+            horizontal_line(x1, y1, abs(dx) as uword +1, color)
             return
         }
 
-        ; TODO rewrite the rest in optimized assembly (or reuse GRAPH_draw_line if we can get the FB replacement vector layer working)
         word @zp d = 0
-        ubyte positive_ix = true
+        cx16.r13 = true      ; 'positive_ix'
         if dx < 0 {
             dx = -dx
-            positive_ix = false
+            cx16.r13 = false
         }
-        dx *= 2
-        dy *= 2
+        word @zp dx2 = dx*2
+        word @zp dy2 = dy*2
         cx16.r14 = x1       ; internal plot X
 
         if dx >= dy {
-            if positive_ix {
+            if cx16.r13 {
                 repeat {
                     plot(cx16.r14, y1, color)
                     if cx16.r14==x2
                         return
                     cx16.r14++
-                    d += dy
+                    d += dy2
                     if d > dx {
                         y1++
-                        d -= dx
+                        d -= dx2
                     }
                 }
             } else {
@@ -364,25 +442,25 @@ _done
                     if cx16.r14==x2
                         return
                     cx16.r14--
-                    d += dy
+                    d += dy2
                     if d > dx {
                         y1++
-                        d -= dx
+                        d -= dx2
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
         else {
-            if positive_ix {
+            if cx16.r13 {
                 repeat {
                     plot(cx16.r14, y1, color)
                     if y1 == y2
                         return
                     y1++
-                    d += dx
+                    d += dx2
                     if d > dy {
                         cx16.r14++
-                        d -= dy
+                        d -= dy2
                     }
                 }
             } else {
@@ -391,10 +469,10 @@ _done
                     if y1 == y2
                         return
                     y1++
-                    d += dx
+                    d += dx2
                     if d > dy {
                         cx16.r14--
-                        d -= dy
+                        d -= dy2
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -468,79 +546,160 @@ _done
 
     sub plot(uword @zp x, uword y, ubyte color) {
         ubyte[8] bits = [128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1]
-        uword addr
-        ubyte value
+        ubyte[4] mask4c = [%00111111, %11001111, %11110011, %11111100]
+        ubyte[4] shift4c = [6,4,2,0]
 
         when active_mode {
-            0 -> {
-                %asm {{
-                    lda  x
-                    eor  y
-                    ora  monochrome_dont_stipple_flag
-                    and  #1
-                }}
-                if_nz {
-                    addr = x/8 + y*(320/8)
-                    value = bits[lsb(x)&7]
-                    if color
-                        cx16.vpoke_or(0, addr, value)
-                    else {
-                        value = ~value
-                        cx16.vpoke_and(0, addr, value)
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            128 -> {
-                %asm {{
-                    lda  x
-                    eor  y
-                    ora  monochrome_dont_stipple_flag
-                    and  #1
-                }}
-                if_nz {
-                    addr = x/8 + y*(640/8)
-                    value = bits[lsb(x)&7]
-                    if color
-                        cx16.vpoke_or(0, addr, value)
-                    else {
-                        value = ~value
-                        cx16.vpoke_and(0, addr, value)
-                    }
-                }
-            }
             1 -> {
-                void addr_mul_320_add_24(y, x)      ; 24 bits result is in r0 and r1L
-                value = lsb(cx16.r1)
-                cx16.vpoke(value, cx16.r0, color)
-                ; activate vera auto-increment mode so next_pixel() can be used after this
-                cx16.VERA_ADDR_H = (cx16.VERA_ADDR_H & %00000111) | %00010000
-                color = cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                ; lores monochrome
+                %asm {{
+                    lda  x
+                    eor  y
+                    ora  monochrome_dont_stipple_flag
+                    and  #1
+                }}
+                if_nz {
+                    cx16.r0L = lsb(x) & 7       ; xbits
+                    x /= 8
+                    x += y*(320/8)
+                    %asm {{
+                        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+                        stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+                        lda  x+1
+                        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+                        lda  x
+                        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+                        ldy  cx16.r0L       ; xbits
+                        lda  bits,y
+                        ldy  color
+                        beq  +
+                        tsb  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                        bra  ++
++                       trb  cx16.VERA_DATA0
++
+                    }}
+                }
+            }
+            ; TODO mode 2,3
+            4 -> {
+                ; lores 256c
+                void addr_mul_24_for_lores_256c(y, x)      ; 24 bits result is in r0 and r1L (highest byte)
+                %asm {{
+                    stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+                    lda  cx16.r1
+                    ora  #%00010000     ; enable auto-increment so next_pixel() can be used after this
+                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+                    lda  cx16.r0+1
+                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+                    lda  cx16.r0
+                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+                    lda  color
+                    sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                }}
+            }
+            5 -> {
+                ; highres monochrome
+                %asm {{
+                    lda  x
+                    eor  y
+                    ora  monochrome_dont_stipple_flag
+                    and  #1
+                }}
+                if_nz {
+                    cx16.r0L = lsb(x) & 7       ; xbits
+                    x /= 8
+                    x += y*(640/8)
+                    %asm {{
+                        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+                        stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+                        lda  x+1
+                        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+                        lda  x
+                        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+                        ldy  cx16.r0L           ; xbits
+                        lda  bits,y
+                        ldy  color
+                        beq  +
+                        tsb  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                        bra  ++
++                       trb  cx16.VERA_DATA0
++
+                    }}
+                }
+            }
+            6 -> {
+                ; highres 4c
+                ; TODO also mostly usable for lores 4c?
+                void addr_mul_24_for_highres_4c(y, x)      ; 24 bits result is in r0 and r1L (highest byte)
+                cx16.r2L = lsb(x) & 3       ; xbits
+                color &= 3
+                color <<= shift4c[cx16.r2L]
+                %asm {{
+                    stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+                    lda  cx16.r1L
+                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+                    lda  cx16.r0H
+                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+                    lda  cx16.r0L
+                    sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+                    ldy  cx16.r2L           ; xbits
+                    lda  mask4c,y
+                    and  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                    ora  color
+                    sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+                }}
             }
         }
     }
 
     sub position(uword @zp x, uword y) {
+        ubyte bank
         when active_mode {
-            0 -> {
+            1 -> {
+                ; lores monochrome
                 cx16.r0 = y*(320/8) + x/8
                 cx16.vaddr(0, cx16.r0, 0, 1)
             }
-            128 -> {
+            ; TODO modes 2,3
+            4 -> {
+                ; lores 256c
+                void addr_mul_24_for_lores_256c(y, x)      ; 24 bits result is in r0 and r1L (highest byte)
+                bank = lsb(cx16.r1)
+                cx16.vaddr(bank, cx16.r0, 0, 1)
+            }
+            5 -> {
+                ; highres monochrome
                 cx16.r0 = y*(640/8) + x/8
                 cx16.vaddr(0, cx16.r0, 0, 1)
             }
-            1 -> {
-                void addr_mul_320_add_24(y, x)      ; 24 bits result is in r0 and r1L
-                ubyte bank = lsb(cx16.r1)
+            6 -> {
+                ; highres 4c
+                void addr_mul_24_for_highres_4c(y, x)      ; 24 bits result is in r0 and r1L (highest byte)
+                bank = lsb(cx16.r1)
                 cx16.vaddr(bank, cx16.r0, 0, 1)
             }
         }
     }
 
+    sub position2(uword @zp x, uword y, ubyte also_port_1) {
+        position(x, y)
+        if also_port_1 {
+            when active_mode {
+                1, 5 -> cx16.vaddr(0, cx16.r0, 1, 1)
+                ; TODO modes 2, 3
+                4, 6 -> {
+                    ubyte bank = lsb(cx16.r1)
+                    cx16.vaddr(bank, cx16.r0, 1, 1)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     inline asmsub next_pixel(ubyte color @A) {
         ; -- sets the next pixel byte to the graphics chip.
         ;    for 8 bpp screens this will plot 1 pixel.
         ;    for 1 bpp screens it will plot 8 pixels at once (color = bit pattern).
+        ;    for 2 bpp screens it will plot 4 pixels at once (color = bit pattern).
         %asm {{
             sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
         }}
@@ -550,6 +709,7 @@ _done
         ; -- sets the next bunch of pixels from a prepared array of bytes.
         ;    for 8 bpp screens this will plot 1 pixel per byte.
         ;    for 1 bpp screens it will plot 8 pixels at once (colors are the bit patterns per byte).
+        ;    for 2 bpp screens it will plot 4 pixels at once (colors are the bit patterns per byte).
         %asm {{
             phx
             sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
@@ -614,13 +774,13 @@ _done
     sub text(uword @zp x, uword y, ubyte color, uword sctextptr) {
         ; -- Write some text at the given pixel position. The text string must be in screencode encoding (not petscii!).
         ;    You must also have called text_charset() first to select and prepare the character set to use.
-        ;    NOTE: in monochrome (1bpp) screen modes, x position is currently constrained to mulitples of 8 !
+        ;    NOTE: in monochrome (1bpp) screen modes, x position is currently constrained to multiples of 8 !  TODO allow per-pixel horizontal positioning
         uword chardataptr
         when active_mode {
-            0, 128 -> {
-                ; 1-bitplane modes
+            1, 5 -> {
+                ; monochrome mode, either resolution
                 cx16.r2 = 40
-                if active_mode>=128
+                if active_mode==5
                     cx16.r2 = 80
                 while @(sctextptr) {
                     chardataptr = charset_addr + (@(sctextptr) as uword)*8
@@ -660,12 +820,13 @@ _done
                     sctextptr++
                 }
             }
-            1 -> {
-                ; 320 x 240 x 256c
+            4 -> {
+                ; lores 256c
                 while @(sctextptr) {
                     chardataptr = charset_addr + (@(sctextptr) as uword)*8
                     cx16.vaddr(charset_bank, chardataptr, 1, 1)
                     repeat 8 {
+                        ; TODO rewrite this inner loop fully in assembly
                         position(x,y)
                         y++
                         %asm {{
@@ -689,6 +850,28 @@ _done
                     sctextptr++
                 }
             }
+            6 -> {
+                ; hires 4c
+                while @(sctextptr) {
+                    chardataptr = charset_addr + (@(sctextptr) as uword)*8
+                    repeat 8 {
+                        ; TODO rewrite this inner loop fully in assembly
+                        ubyte charbits = cx16.vpeek(charset_bank, chardataptr)
+                        repeat 8 {
+                            charbits <<= 1
+                            if_cs
+                                plot(x, y, color)
+                            x++
+                        }
+                        x-=8
+                        chardataptr++
+                        y++
+                    }
+                    x+=8
+                    y-=8
+                    sctextptr++
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -709,48 +892,98 @@ _done
         }}
     }
 
-    asmsub addr_mul_320_add_24(uword address @R0, uword value @AY) clobbers(A) -> uword @R0, ubyte @R1  {
-            %asm {{
-                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-                sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-                lda  cx16.r0
-                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-                lda  cx16.r0+1
-                sta  cx16.r1
-                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-                lda  cx16.r0
-                asl  a
-                rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-                asl  a
-                rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-                asl  a
-                rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-                asl  a
-                rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-                asl  a
-                rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-                asl  a
-                rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-                sta  cx16.r0
-                lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-                clc
-                adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-                sta  cx16.r0+1
-                bcc  +
-                inc  cx16.r1
-+		        ; now add the value to this 24-bits number
-                lda  cx16.r0
-                clc
-                adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-                sta  cx16.r0
-                lda  cx16.r0+1
-                adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-                sta  cx16.r0+1
-                bcc  +
-                inc  cx16.r1
-+               lda  cx16.r1
-                rts
-            }}
-        }
+    asmsub addr_mul_24_for_highres_4c(uword yy @R2, uword xx @R3)  clobbers(A, Y) -> uword @R0, uword @R1 {
+        ; yy * 160 + xx/4  (24 bits calculation)
+        ; 24 bits result is in r0 and r1L (highest byte)
+        %asm {{
+            ldy  #5
+-           asl  cx16.r2
+            rol  cx16.r2+1
+            dey
+            bne  -
+            lda  cx16.r2
+            sta  cx16.r0
+            lda  cx16.r2+1
+            sta  cx16.r0+1
+            asl  cx16.r0
+            rol  cx16.r0+1
+            asl  cx16.r0
+            rol  cx16.r0+1
+
+            ; xx >>= 2  (xx=R3)
+            lsr  cx16.r3+1
+            ror  cx16.r3
+            lsr  cx16.r3+1
+            ror  cx16.r3
+
+            ; add r2 and xx (r3) to r0 (24-bits)
+            stz  cx16.r1
+            clc
+            lda  cx16.r0
+            adc  cx16.r2
+            sta  cx16.r0
+            lda  cx16.r0+1
+            adc  cx16.r2+1
+            sta  cx16.r0+1
+            bcc  +
+            inc  cx16.r1
++           clc
+            lda  cx16.r0
+            adc  cx16.r3
+            sta  cx16.r0
+            lda  cx16.r0+1
+            adc  cx16.r3+1
+            sta  cx16.r0+1
+            bcc  +
+            inc  cx16.r1
++
+            rts
+        }}
+    }
+
+    asmsub addr_mul_24_for_lores_256c(uword yy @R0, uword xx @AY) clobbers(A) -> uword @R0, ubyte @R1  {
+        ; yy * 320 + xx (24 bits calculation)
+        %asm {{
+            sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+            sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+            lda  cx16.r0
+            sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            lda  cx16.r0+1
+            sta  cx16.r1
+            sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+            lda  cx16.r0
+            asl  a
+            rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+            asl  a
+            rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+            asl  a
+            rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+            asl  a
+            rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+            asl  a
+            rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+            asl  a
+            rol  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+            sta  cx16.r0
+            lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            clc
+            adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+            sta  cx16.r0+1
+            bcc  +
+            inc  cx16.r1
++           ; now add the value to this 24-bits number
+            lda  cx16.r0
+            clc
+            adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+            sta  cx16.r0
+            lda  cx16.r0+1
+            adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+            sta  cx16.r0+1
+            bcc  +
+            inc  cx16.r1
++           lda  cx16.r1
+            rts
+        }}
+    }
 
 }

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/graphics.p8

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-%target cx16
 %import syslib
 %import textio
 
 ; Bitmap pixel graphics module for the CommanderX16
 ; wraps the graphics functions that are in ROM.
-; only black/white monchrome 320x200 for now. (i.e. truncated at the bottom)
+; only black/white monochrome 320x200 for now. (i.e. truncated at the bottom)
 ; For full-screen 640x480 or 320x240 graphics, use the "gfx2" module instead. (but that is Cx16-specific)
 ; Note: there is no color palette manipulation here, you have to do that yourself or use the "palette" module.
 

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/palette.p8

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-%target cx16
-
 ; Manipulate the Commander X16's display color palette.
 ; Should you want to restore the default palette, you have to reinitialize the Vera yourself.
 
@@ -9,34 +7,46 @@ palette {
     ubyte c
 
     sub set_color(ubyte index, uword color) {
-        cx16.vpoke(1, $fa00+index*2, lsb(color))
-        cx16.vpoke(1, $fa01+index*2, msb(color))
+        vera_palette_ptr = $fa00+(index as uword * 2)
+        cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, lsb(color))
+        vera_palette_ptr++
+        cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, msb(color))
     }
 
-    sub set_rgb4(uword palletteptr, uword num_colors) {
+    sub set_rgb4(uword palette_bytes_ptr, uword num_colors) {
         ; 2 bytes per color entry, the Vera uses this, but the R/GB bytes order is swapped
         vera_palette_ptr = $fa00
         repeat num_colors {
-            cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr+1, @(palletteptr))
-            palletteptr++
-            cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, @(palletteptr))
-            palletteptr++
+            cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr+1, @(palette_bytes_ptr))
+            palette_bytes_ptr++
+            cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, @(palette_bytes_ptr))
+            palette_bytes_ptr++
             vera_palette_ptr+=2
         }
     }
 
-    sub set_rgb8(uword palletteptr, uword num_colors) {
+    sub set_rgb(uword palette_words_ptr, uword num_colors) {
+        ; 1 word per color entry (in little endian format so $gb0r)
+        vera_palette_ptr = $fa00
+        repeat num_colors*2 {
+            cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, @(palette_words_ptr))
+            palette_words_ptr++
+            vera_palette_ptr++
+        }
+    }
+
+    sub set_rgb8(uword palette_bytes_ptr, uword num_colors) {
         ; 3 bytes per color entry, adjust color depth from 8 to 4 bits per channel.
         vera_palette_ptr = $fa00
         ubyte red
         ubyte greenblue
         repeat num_colors {
-            red = @(palletteptr) >> 4
-            palletteptr++
-            greenblue = @(palletteptr) & %11110000
-            palletteptr++
-            greenblue |= @(palletteptr) >> 4    ; add Blue
-            palletteptr++
+            red = @(palette_bytes_ptr) >> 4
+            palette_bytes_ptr++
+            greenblue = @(palette_bytes_ptr) & %11110000
+            palette_bytes_ptr++
+            greenblue |= @(palette_bytes_ptr) >> 4    ; add Blue
+            palette_bytes_ptr++
             cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, greenblue)
             vera_palette_ptr++
             cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, red)
@@ -44,20 +54,28 @@ palette {
         }
     }
 
-    sub set_monochrome() {
+    sub set_monochrome(uword screencolorRGB, uword drawcolorRGB) {
         vera_palette_ptr = $fa00
-        cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, 0)
+        cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, lsb(screencolorRGB))   ; G,B
         vera_palette_ptr++
-        cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, 0)
+        cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, msb(screencolorRGB))   ; R
         vera_palette_ptr++
         repeat 255 {
-            cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, 255)
+            cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, lsb(drawcolorRGB)) ; G,B
             vera_palette_ptr++
-            cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, 255)
+            cx16.vpoke(1, vera_palette_ptr, msb(drawcolorRGB)) ; R
             vera_palette_ptr++
         }
     }
 
+    sub set_all_black() {
+        set_monochrome($000, $000)
+    }
+
+    sub set_all_white() {
+        set_monochrome($fff, $fff)
+    }
+
     sub set_grayscale() {
         vera_palette_ptr = $fa00
         repeat 16 {
@@ -88,7 +106,7 @@ palette {
         $666,  ; 12 = medium grey
         $9D8,  ; 13 = light green
         $65B,  ; 14 = light blue
-        $999  ; 15 = light grey
+        $999   ; 15 = light grey
     ]
 
     uword[] C64_colorpalette_pepto = [  ; # this is Pepto's Commodore-64 palette  http://www.pepto.de/projects/colorvic/
@@ -107,7 +125,7 @@ palette {
         $777,  ; 12 = medium grey
         $af9,  ; 13 = light green
         $76e,  ; 14 = light blue
-        $bbb  ; 15 = light grey
+        $bbb   ; 15 = light grey
     ]
 
     uword[] C64_colorpalette_light = [  ; this is a lighter palette

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/syslib.p8

@@ -5,9 +5,6 @@
 ;
 ; indent format: TABS, size=8
 
-%target cx16
-
-
 c64 {
 
 ; ---- kernal routines, these are the same as on the Commodore-64 (hence the same block name) ----
@@ -24,7 +21,7 @@ romsub $FF8D = VECTOR(uword userptr @ XY, ubyte dir @ Pc) clobbers(A,Y)     ; re
 romsub $FF90 = SETMSG(ubyte value @ A)                          ; set Kernal message control flag
 romsub $FF93 = SECOND(ubyte address @ A) clobbers(A)            ; (alias: LSTNSA) send secondary address after LISTEN
 romsub $FF96 = TKSA(ubyte address @ A) clobbers(A)              ; (alias: TALKSA) send secondary address after TALK
-romsub $FF99 = MEMTOP(uword address @ XY, ubyte dir @ Pc) -> uword @ XY     ; read/set top of memory  pointer.   NOTE: as a Cx16 extension, also returns the number of RAM memory banks in register A !  See MEMTOP2
+romsub $FF99 = MEMTOP(uword address @ XY, ubyte dir @ Pc) -> uword @ XY     ; read/set top of memory  pointer.   NOTE: as a Cx16 extension, also returns the number of RAM memory banks in register A !  See cx16.numbanks()
 romsub $FF9C = MEMBOT(uword address @ XY, ubyte dir @ Pc) -> uword @ XY     ; read/set bottom of memory  pointer
 romsub $FF9F = SCNKEY() clobbers(A,X,Y)                         ; scan the keyboard
 romsub $FFA2 = SETTMO(ubyte timeout @ A)                        ; set time-out flag for IEEE bus
@@ -35,7 +32,7 @@ romsub $FFAE = UNLSN() clobbers(A)                              ; command serial
 romsub $FFB1 = LISTEN(ubyte device @ A) clobbers(A)             ; command serial bus device to LISTEN
 romsub $FFB4 = TALK(ubyte device @ A) clobbers(A)               ; command serial bus device to TALK
 romsub $FFB7 = READST() -> ubyte @ A                            ; read I/O status word
-romsub $FFBA = SETLFS(ubyte logical @ A, ubyte device @ X, ubyte address @ Y)   ; set logical file parameters
+romsub $FFBA = SETLFS(ubyte logical @ A, ubyte device @ X, ubyte secondary @ Y)   ; set logical file parameters
 romsub $FFBD = SETNAM(ubyte namelen @ A, str filename @ XY)     ; set filename parameters
 romsub $FFC0 = OPEN() clobbers(X,Y) -> ubyte @Pc, ubyte @A      ; (via 794 ($31A)) open a logical file
 romsub $FFC3 = CLOSE(ubyte logical @ A) clobbers(A,X,Y)         ; (via 796 ($31C)) close a logical file
@@ -44,10 +41,10 @@ romsub $FFC9 = CHKOUT(ubyte logical @ X) clobbers(A,X)          ; (via 800 ($320
 romsub $FFCC = CLRCHN() clobbers(A,X)                           ; (via 802 ($322)) restore default devices
 romsub $FFCF = CHRIN() clobbers(X, Y) -> ubyte @ A   ; (via 804 ($324)) input a character (for keyboard, read a whole line from the screen) A=byte read.
 romsub $FFD2 = CHROUT(ubyte char @ A)                           ; (via 806 ($326)) output a character
-romsub $FFD5 = LOAD(ubyte verify @ A, uword address @ XY) -> ubyte @Pc, ubyte @ A, ubyte @ X, ubyte @ Y     ; (via 816 ($330)) load from device
-romsub $FFD8 = SAVE(ubyte zp_startaddr @ A, uword endaddr @ XY) -> ubyte @ Pc, ubyte @ A                    ; (via 818 ($332)) save to a device
+romsub $FFD5 = LOAD(ubyte verify @ A, uword address @ XY) -> ubyte @Pc, ubyte @ A, uword @ XY     ; (via 816 ($330)) load from device
+romsub $FFD8 = SAVE(ubyte zp_startaddr @ A, uword endaddr @ XY) -> ubyte @ Pc, ubyte @ A          ; (via 818 ($332)) save to a device
 romsub $FFDB = SETTIM(ubyte low @ A, ubyte middle @ X, ubyte high @ Y)      ; set the software clock
-romsub $FFDE = RDTIM() -> ubyte @ A, ubyte @ X, ubyte @ Y       ; read the software clock
+romsub $FFDE = RDTIM() -> ubyte @ A, ubyte @ X, ubyte @ Y       ; read the software clock (A=lo,X=mid,Y=high)
 romsub $FFE1 = STOP() clobbers(X) -> ubyte @ Pz, ubyte @ A      ; (via 808 ($328)) check the STOP key (and some others in A)
 romsub $FFE4 = GETIN() clobbers(X,Y) -> ubyte @Pc, ubyte @ A    ; (via 810 ($32A)) get a character
 romsub $FFE7 = CLALL() clobbers(A,X)                            ; (via 812 ($32C)) close all files
@@ -74,7 +71,7 @@ asmsub STOP2() -> ubyte @A  {
 }
 
 asmsub RDTIM16() -> uword @AY {
-    ; --  like RDTIM() but only returning the lower 16 bits for convenience
+    ; --  like RDTIM() but only returning the lower 16 bits in AY for convenience
     %asm {{
         phx
         jsr  c64.RDTIM
@@ -87,25 +84,15 @@ asmsub RDTIM16() -> uword @AY {
     }}
 }
 
-asmsub MEMTOP2() -> ubyte @A {
-    ; -- uses MEMTOP's cx16 extension to query the number of available RAM banks.
-    %asm {{
-        phx
-        sec
-        jsr  c64.MEMTOP
-        plx
-        rts
-    }}
-}
-
 }
 
 cx16 {
 
-; 65c02 hardware vectors:
-    &uword  NMI_VEC         = $FFFA     ; 6502 nmi vector, determined by the kernal if banked in
-    &uword  RESET_VEC       = $FFFC     ; 6502 reset vector, determined by the kernal if banked in
-    &uword  IRQ_VEC         = $FFFE     ; 6502 interrupt vector, determined by the kernal if banked in
+; irq and hardware vectors:
+    &uword  CINV            = $0314     ; IRQ vector (in ram)
+    &uword  NMI_VEC         = $FFFA     ; 65c02 nmi vector, determined by the kernal if banked in
+    &uword  RESET_VEC       = $FFFC     ; 65c02 reset vector, determined by the kernal if banked in
+    &uword  IRQ_VEC         = $FFFE     ; 65c02 interrupt vector, determined by the kernal if banked in
 
 
 ; the sixteen virtual 16-bit registers
@@ -126,6 +113,41 @@ cx16 {
     &uword r14 = $001e
     &uword r15 = $0020
 
+    &ubyte r0L  = $0002
+    &ubyte r1L  = $0004
+    &ubyte r2L  = $0006
+    &ubyte r3L  = $0008
+    &ubyte r4L  = $000a
+    &ubyte r5L  = $000c
+    &ubyte r6L  = $000e
+    &ubyte r7L  = $0010
+    &ubyte r8L  = $0012
+    &ubyte r9L  = $0014
+    &ubyte r10L = $0016
+    &ubyte r11L = $0018
+    &ubyte r12L = $001a
+    &ubyte r13L = $001c
+    &ubyte r14L = $001e
+    &ubyte r15L = $0020
+
+    &ubyte r0H  = $0003
+    &ubyte r1H  = $0005
+    &ubyte r2H  = $0007
+    &ubyte r3H  = $0009
+    &ubyte r4H  = $000b
+    &ubyte r5H  = $000d
+    &ubyte r6H  = $000f
+    &ubyte r7H  = $0011
+    &ubyte r8H  = $0013
+    &ubyte r9H  = $0015
+    &ubyte r10H = $0017
+    &ubyte r11H = $0019
+    &ubyte r12H = $001b
+    &ubyte r13H = $001d
+    &ubyte r14H = $001f
+    &ubyte r15H = $0021
+
+
 ; VERA registers
 
     const uword VERA_BASE       = $9F20
@@ -171,7 +193,7 @@ cx16 {
 
 ; I/O
 
-    const uword  via1   = $9f60                  ;VIA 6522 #1
+    const uword  via1   = $9f00                  ;VIA 6522 #1
     &ubyte  d1prb	= via1+0
     &ubyte  d1pra	= via1+1
     &ubyte  d1ddrb	= via1+2
@@ -189,7 +211,7 @@ cx16 {
     &ubyte  d1ier	= via1+14
     &ubyte  d1ora	= via1+15
 
-    const uword  via2   = $9f70                  ;VIA 6522 #2
+    const uword  via2   = $9f10                  ;VIA 6522 #2
     &ubyte  d2prb	= via2+0
     &ubyte  d2pra	= via2+1
     &ubyte  d2ddrb	= via2+2
@@ -207,6 +229,11 @@ cx16 {
     &ubyte  d2ier	= via2+14
     &ubyte  d2ora	= via2+15
 
+    &ubyte  ym2151adr	= $9f40
+    &ubyte  ym2151dat	= $9f41
+
+    const uword  extdev	= $9f60
+
 
 ; ---- Commander X-16 additions on top of C64 kernal routines ----
 ; spelling of the names is taken from the Commander X-16 rom sources
@@ -293,16 +320,25 @@ romsub $fecc = monitor()  clobbers(A,X,Y)
 inline asmsub rombank(ubyte rombank @A) {
     ; -- set the rom banks
     %asm {{
-        sta  $01            ; rom bank register (new)
-        sta  cx16.d1prb     ; rom bank register (old)
+        sta  $01            ; rom bank register (v39+, used to be cx16.d1prb $9f60 in v38)
     }}
 }
 
 inline asmsub rambank(ubyte rambank @A) {
     ; -- set the ram bank
     %asm {{
-        sta  $00            ; ram bank register (new)
-        sta  cx16.d1pra     ; ram bank register (old)
+        sta  $00            ; ram bank register (v39+, used to be cx16.d1pra $9f61 in v38)
+    }}
+}
+
+asmsub numbanks() -> ubyte @A {
+    ; -- uses MEMTOP's cx16 extension to query the number of available RAM banks. (each is 8 Kb)
+    %asm {{
+        phx
+        sec
+        jsr  c64.MEMTOP
+        plx
+        rts
     }}
 }
 
@@ -349,75 +385,126 @@ asmsub vaddr(ubyte bank @A, uword address @R0, ubyte addrsel @R1, byte autoIncrO
 }
 
 asmsub vpoke(ubyte bank @A, uword address @R0, ubyte value @Y) clobbers(A) {
-        ; -- write a single byte to VERA's video memory
-        ;    note: inefficient when writing multiple sequential bytes!
-        %asm {{
-            stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-            and  #1
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-            lda  cx16.r0
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-            lda  cx16.r0+1
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-            sty  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-            rts
-        }}
+    ; -- write a single byte to VERA's video memory
+    ;    note: inefficient when writing multiple sequential bytes!
+    %asm {{
+        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+        and  #1
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+        lda  cx16.r0
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+        lda  cx16.r0+1
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+        sty  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+        rts
+    }}
 }
 
 asmsub vpoke_or(ubyte bank @A, uword address @R0, ubyte value @Y) clobbers (A) {
-        ; -- or a single byte to the value already in the VERA's video memory at that location
-        ;    note: inefficient when writing multiple sequential bytes!
-        %asm {{
-            stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-            and  #1
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-            lda  cx16.r0
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-            lda  cx16.r0+1
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-            tya
-            ora  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-            rts
-        }}
+    ; -- or a single byte to the value already in the VERA's video memory at that location
+    ;    note: inefficient when writing multiple sequential bytes!
+    %asm {{
+        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+        and  #1
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+        lda  cx16.r0
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+        lda  cx16.r0+1
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+        tya
+        ora  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+        sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+        rts
+    }}
 }
 
 asmsub vpoke_and(ubyte bank @A, uword address @R0, ubyte value @Y) clobbers(A) {
-        ; -- and a single byte to the value already in the VERA's video memory at that location
-        ;    note: inefficient when writing multiple sequential bytes!
-        %asm {{
-            stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-            and  #1
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-            lda  cx16.r0
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-            lda  cx16.r0+1
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-            tya
-            and  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-            rts
-        }}
+    ; -- and a single byte to the value already in the VERA's video memory at that location
+    ;    note: inefficient when writing multiple sequential bytes!
+    %asm {{
+        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+        and  #1
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+        lda  cx16.r0
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+        lda  cx16.r0+1
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+        tya
+        and  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+        sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+        rts
+    }}
 }
 
 asmsub vpoke_xor(ubyte bank @A, uword address @R0, ubyte value @Y) clobbers (A) {
-        ; -- xor a single byte to the value already in the VERA's video memory at that location
-        ;    note: inefficient when writing multiple sequential bytes!
-        %asm {{
-            stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-            and  #1
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-            lda  cx16.r0
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-            lda  cx16.r0+1
-            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-            tya
-            eor  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-            rts
-        }}
+    ; -- xor a single byte to the value already in the VERA's video memory at that location
+    ;    note: inefficient when writing multiple sequential bytes!
+    %asm {{
+        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+        and  #1
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+        lda  cx16.r0
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+        lda  cx16.r0+1
+        sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+        tya
+        eor  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+        sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+        rts
+    }}
 }
 
+asmsub vload(str name @R0, ubyte device @Y, ubyte bank @A, uword address @R1) -> ubyte @A {
+    ; -- like the basic command VLOAD "filename",device,bank,address
+    ;    loads a file into video memory in the given bank:address, returns success in A
+    ;    !! NOTE !! the V38 ROMs contain a bug in the LOAD code that makes the load address not work correctly,
+    ;               it works fine when loading from local filesystem
+    %asm {{
+        ; -- load a file into video ram
+        phx
+        pha
+        tya
+        tax
+        lda  #1
+        ldy  #0
+        jsr  c64.SETLFS
+        lda  cx16.r0
+        ldy  cx16.r0+1
+        jsr  prog8_lib.strlen
+        tya
+        ldx  cx16.r0
+        ldy  cx16.r0+1
+        jsr  c64.SETNAM
+        pla
+        clc
+        adc  #2
+        ldx  cx16.r1
+        ldy  cx16.r1+1
+        stz  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+        jsr  c64.LOAD
+        bcs  +
+        inc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
++       jsr  c64.CLRCHN
+        lda  #1
+        jsr  c64.CLOSE
+        plx
+        lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+        rts
+    }}
+}
+
+inline asmsub joystick_get2(ubyte joynr @A) clobbers(Y) -> uword @AX  {
+    ; convenience routine to get the joystick state without requiring inline assembly that deals with the multiple return values.
+    ; Also disables interrupts to avoid the IRQ race condition mentioned here: https://github.com/commanderx16/x16-rom/issues/203
+    ; TODO once that issue is resolved, this routine can be redefined as:  romsub $ff56 = joystick_get2(ubyte joynr @A) clobbers(Y) -> uword @AX
+    %asm {{
+        sei
+        jsr  cx16.joystick_get
+        cli
+    }}
+}
+
+
 sub FB_set_pixels_from_buf(uword buffer, uword count) {
     %asm {{
             ; -- This is replacement code for the normal FB_set_pixels subroutine in ROM
@@ -453,17 +540,15 @@ _loop       ldy  #0
 }
 
 ; ---- system stuff -----
-asmsub init_system()  {
+asmsub  init_system()  {
     ; Initializes the machine to a sane starting state.
     ; Called automatically by the loader program logic.
     %asm {{
         sei
         cld
-        ;stz  $00
-        ;stz  $01
-        ;stz  d1prb      ; select rom bank 0
         lda  #$80
         sta  VERA_CTRL
+        stz  $01        ; select rom bank 0 (enable kernal)
         jsr  c64.IOINIT
         jsr  c64.RESTOR
         jsr  c64.CINT
@@ -485,8 +570,177 @@ asmsub init_system()  {
     }}
 }
 
+asmsub  init_system_phase2()  {
+    %asm {{
+        sei
+        lda  cx16.CINV
+        sta  restore_irq._orig_irqvec
+        lda  cx16.CINV+1
+        sta  restore_irq._orig_irqvec+1
+        cli
+        rts
+    }}
 }
 
+asmsub  set_irq(uword handler @AY, ubyte useKernal @Pc) clobbers(A)  {
+	%asm {{
+	        sta  _modified+1
+	        sty  _modified+2
+	        lda  #0
+	        adc  #0
+	        sta  _use_kernal
+		sei
+		lda  #<_irq_handler
+		sta  cx16.CINV
+		lda  #>_irq_handler
+		sta  cx16.CINV+1
+                lda  cx16.VERA_IEN
+                ora  #%00000001     ; enable the vsync irq
+                sta  cx16.VERA_IEN
+		cli
+		rts
+
+_irq_handler    jsr  _irq_handler_init
+_modified	jsr  $ffff                      ; modified
+		jsr  _irq_handler_end
+		lda  _use_kernal
+		bne  +
+		; end irq processing - don't use kernal's irq handling
+		lda  cx16.VERA_ISR
+		ora  #1
+		sta  cx16.VERA_ISR      ; clear Vera Vsync irq status
+		ply
+		plx
+		pla
+		rti
++		jmp  (restore_irq._orig_irqvec)   ; continue with normal kernal irq routine
+
+_use_kernal     .byte  0
+
+_irq_handler_init
+		; save all zp scratch registers and the X register as these might be clobbered by the irq routine
+		stx  IRQ_X_REG
+		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+		sta  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPB1
+		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+		sta  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPREG
+		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+		sta  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD1
+		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+		sta  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD1+1
+		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
+		sta  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD2
+		lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
+		sta  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD2+1
+		; stack protector; make sure we don't clobber the top of the evaluation stack
+		dex
+		dex
+		dex
+		dex
+		dex
+		dex
+		cld
+		rts
+
+_irq_handler_end
+		; restore all zp scratch registers and the X register
+		lda  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPB1
+		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+		lda  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPREG
+		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+		lda  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD1
+		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+		lda  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD1+1
+		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+		lda  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD2
+		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
+		lda  IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD2+1
+		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
+		ldx  IRQ_X_REG
+		rts
+
+IRQ_X_REG		.byte  0
+IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPB1	.byte  0
+IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPREG	.byte  0
+IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD1	.word  0
+IRQ_SCRATCH_ZPWORD2	.word  0
+
+		}}
+}
+
+
+asmsub  restore_irq() clobbers(A) {
+	%asm {{
+	    sei
+	    lda  _orig_irqvec
+	    sta  cx16.CINV
+	    lda  _orig_irqvec+1
+	    sta  cx16.CINV+1
+	    lda  cx16.VERA_IEN
+	    and  #%11110000     ; disable all Vera IRQs
+	    ora  #%00000001     ; enable only the vsync Irq
+	    sta  cx16.VERA_IEN
+	    cli
+	    rts
+_orig_irqvec    .word  0
+        }}
+}
+
+asmsub  set_rasterirq(uword handler @AY, uword rasterpos @R0) clobbers(A) {
+	%asm {{
+            sta  _modified+1
+            sty  _modified+2
+            lda  cx16.r0
+            ldy  cx16.r0+1
+            sei
+            lda  cx16.VERA_IEN
+            and  #%11110000     ; clear other IRQs
+            ora  #%00000010     ; enable the line (raster) irq
+            sta  cx16.VERA_IEN
+            lda  cx16.r0
+            ldy  cx16.r0+1
+            jsr  set_rasterline
+            lda  #<_raster_irq_handler
+            sta  cx16.CINV
+            lda  #>_raster_irq_handler
+            sta  cx16.CINV+1
+            cli
+            rts
+
+_raster_irq_handler
+            jsr  set_irq._irq_handler_init
+_modified   jsr  $ffff                      ; modified
+            jsr  set_irq._irq_handler_end
+            ; end irq processing - don't use kernal's irq handling
+            lda  cx16.VERA_ISR
+            ora  #%00000010
+            sta  cx16.VERA_ISR      ; clear Vera line irq status
+            ply
+            plx
+            pla
+            rti
+        }}
+}
+
+asmsub  set_rasterline(uword line @AY) {
+    %asm {{
+        sta  cx16.VERA_IRQ_LINE_L
+        lda  cx16.VERA_IEN
+        and  #%01111111
+        sta  cx16.VERA_IEN
+        tya
+        lsr  a
+        ror  a
+        and  #%10000000
+        ora  cx16.VERA_IEN
+        sta  cx16.VERA_IEN
+        rts
+    }}
+}
+
+}
+
+
 sys {
     ; ------- lowlevel system routines --------
 
@@ -494,23 +748,37 @@ sys {
 
 
     asmsub reset_system() {
-        ; Soft-reset the system back to Basic prompt.
+        ; Soft-reset the system back to initial power-on Basic prompt.
         %asm {{
             sei
-            stz  $01            ; bank the kernal in (new rom bank register)
-            stz  cx16.d1prb     ; bank the kernal in (old rom bank register)
+            stz  $01            ; bank the kernal in
             jmp  (cx16.RESET_VEC)
         }}
     }
 
-    sub wait(uword jiffies) {
-        ; --- wait approximately the given number of jiffies (1/60th seconds)
-        repeat jiffies {
-            ubyte jiff = lsb(c64.RDTIM16())
-            while jiff==lsb(c64.RDTIM16()) {
-                ; wait until 1 jiffy has passed
-            }
-        }
+    asmsub wait(uword jiffies @AY) {
+        ; --- wait approximately the given number of jiffies (1/60th seconds) (N or N+1)
+        ;     note: regular system vsync irq handler must be running, and no nother irqs
+        %asm {{
+-           wai             ; wait for irq (assume it was vsync)
+            cmp  #0
+            bne  +
+            dey
++           dec  a
+            bne  -
+            cpy  #0
+            bne  -
+            rts
+        }}
+    }
+
+    inline asmsub waitvsync()  {
+        ; --- suspend execution until the next vsync has occurred, without depending on custom irq handling.
+        ;     note: system vsync irq handler has to be active for this routine to work (and no other irqs-- which is the default).
+        ;     note: a more accurate way to wait for vsync is to set up a vsync irq handler instead.
+        %asm {{
+            wai
+        }}
     }
 
     inline asmsub memcopy(uword source @R0, uword target @R1, uword count @AY) clobbers(A,X,Y) {

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/textio.p8

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 ;
 ; indent format: TABS, size=8
 
-%target cx16
 %import syslib
 %import conv
 
@@ -31,6 +30,16 @@ sub spc() {
     txt.chrout(' ')
 }
 
+asmsub column(ubyte col @A) clobbers(A, X, Y) {
+    ; ---- set the cursor on the given column (starting with 0) on the current line
+    %asm {{
+        sec
+        jsr  c64.PLOT
+        tay
+        clc
+        jmp  c64.PLOT
+    }}
+}
 
 asmsub  fill_screen (ubyte char @ A, ubyte color @ Y) clobbers(A)  {
 	; ---- fill the character screen with the given fill character and character color.
@@ -410,7 +419,7 @@ _print_byte_digits
 		jsr  c64.CHROUT
 		pla
 		jsr  c64.CHROUT
-		jmp  _ones
+		bra  _ones
 +       pla
         cmp  #'0'
         beq  _ones
@@ -433,7 +442,7 @@ asmsub  print_b  (byte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 		jsr  c64.CHROUT
 +		pla
 		jsr  conv.byte2decimal
-		jmp  print_ub._print_byte_digits
+		bra  print_ub._print_byte_digits
 	}}
 }
 
@@ -484,7 +493,7 @@ asmsub  print_uwbin  (uword value @ AY, ubyte prefix @ Pc) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 		jsr  print_ubbin
 		pla
 		clc
-		jmp  print_ubbin
+		bra  print_ubbin
 	}}
 }
 
@@ -497,7 +506,7 @@ asmsub  print_uwhex  (uword value @ AY, ubyte prefix @ Pc) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 		jsr  print_ubhex
 		pla
 		clc
-		jmp  print_ubhex
+		bra  print_ubhex
 	}}
 }
 
@@ -560,7 +569,7 @@ asmsub  print_w  (word value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 		adc  #1
 		bcc  +
 		iny
-+		jmp  print_uw
++		bra  print_uw
 	}}
 }
 
@@ -588,95 +597,126 @@ asmsub  input_chars  (uword buffer @ AY) clobbers(A) -> ubyte @ Y  {
 asmsub  setchr  (ubyte col @X, ubyte row @Y, ubyte character @A) clobbers(A)  {
 	; ---- sets the character in the screen matrix at the given position
 	%asm {{
-		pha
-		txa
-		asl  a
-        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-		stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-		sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-		sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-		pla
-        sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-		rts
+            pha
+            txa
+            asl  a
+            stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+            stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+            sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+            pla
+            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+            rts
 	}}
 }
 
 asmsub  getchr  (ubyte col @A, ubyte row @Y) -> ubyte @ A {
 	; ---- get the character in the screen matrix at the given location
 	%asm  {{
-		asl  a
-        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-		stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-		sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-		sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-        lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-		rts
+            asl  a
+            stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+            stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+            sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+            lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+            rts
 	}}
 }
 
 asmsub  setclr  (ubyte col @X, ubyte row @Y, ubyte color @A) clobbers(A)  {
 	; ---- set the color in A on the screen matrix at the given position
+	;      note: on the CommanderX16 this allows you to set both Fg and Bg colors;
+	;            use the high nybble in A to set the Bg color!
 	%asm {{
-		pha
-		txa
-		asl  a
-		ina
-        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-		stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-		sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-		sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-		pla
-        sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-		rts
+            pha
+            txa
+            asl  a
+            ina
+            stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+            stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+            sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+            pla
+            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+            rts
 	}}
 }
 
 asmsub  getclr  (ubyte col @A, ubyte row @Y) -> ubyte @ A {
 	; ---- get the color in the screen color matrix at the given location
 	%asm  {{
-		asl  a
-		ina
-        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-		stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-		sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-		sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-        lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-		rts
+            asl  a
+            ina
+            stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+            stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+            sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+            sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+            lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+            rts
 	}}
 }
 
 sub  setcc  (ubyte column, ubyte row, ubyte char, ubyte charcolor)  {
 	; ---- set char+color at the given position on the screen
+	;      note: color handling is the same as on the C64: it only sets the foreground color.
+	;            use setcc2 if you want Cx-16 specific feature of setting both Bg+Fg colors.
 	%asm {{
-	    phx
-		lda  column
-		asl  a
-		tax
-		ldy  row
-		lda  charcolor
-		and  #$0f
-	    sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-        stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
-        stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-        stx  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-        sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-        lda  char
-        sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-        inx
-        stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
-        stx  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
-        sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-        lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-        and  #$f0
-        ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-        sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
-		plx
-		rts
+            phx
+            lda  column
+            asl  a
+            tax
+            ldy  row
+            lda  charcolor
+            and  #$0f
+            sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+            stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+            stx  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+            sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+            lda  char
+            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+            inx
+            stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+            stx  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+            sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+            lda  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+            and  #$f0
+            ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+            plx
+            rts
+    }}
+}
+
+sub  setcc2  (ubyte column, ubyte row, ubyte char, ubyte colors)  {
+	; ---- set char+color at the given position on the screen
+	;      note: on the CommanderX16 this allows you to set both Fg and Bg colors;
+	;            use the high nybble in A to set the Bg color!
+	%asm {{
+            phx
+            lda  column
+            asl  a
+            tax
+            ldy  row
+            stz  cx16.VERA_CTRL
+            stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+            stx  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+            sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+            lda  char
+            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+            inx
+            stz  cx16.VERA_ADDR_H
+            stx  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
+            sty  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
+            lda  colors
+            sta  cx16.VERA_DATA0
+            plx
+            rts
     }}
 }
 
 asmsub  plot  (ubyte col @ Y, ubyte row @ A) clobbers(A) {
-	; ---- safe wrapper around PLOT kernel routine, to save the X register.
+	; ---- safe wrapper around PLOT kernal routine, to save the X register.
 	%asm  {{
 		phx
 		tax

compiler/res/prog8lib/diskio.p8

@@ -336,6 +336,45 @@ _end        rts
     }
 
 
+    ; ----- iterative file saver functions (uses io channel 14) -----
+
+    sub f_open_w(ubyte drivenumber, uword filenameptr) -> ubyte {
+        ; -- open a file for iterative writing with f_write
+        f_close_w()
+
+        c64.SETNAM(string.length(filenameptr), filenameptr)
+        c64.SETLFS(14, drivenumber, 1)
+        void c64.OPEN()          ; open 14,8,1,"filename"
+        if_cc {
+            void c64.CHKOUT(14)        ; use #14 as input channel
+            return not c64.READST()
+        }
+        f_close_w()
+        return false
+    }
+
+    sub f_write(uword bufferpointer, uword num_bytes) -> ubyte {
+        ; -- write the given umber of bytes to the currently open file
+        if num_bytes!=0 {
+            void c64.CHKOUT(14)        ; use #14 as input channel again
+            repeat num_bytes {
+                c64.CHROUT(@(bufferpointer))
+                bufferpointer++
+            }
+            return not c64.READST()
+        }
+        return true
+    }
+
+    sub f_close_w() {
+        ; -- end an iterative file writing session (close channels).
+        c64.CLRCHN()
+        c64.CLOSE(14)
+    }
+
+
+    ; ---- other functions ----
+
     sub status(ubyte drivenumber) -> uword {
         ; -- retrieve the disk drive's current status message
         uword messageptr = &filename
@@ -353,18 +392,22 @@ _end        rts
             messageptr++
         }
 
-io_error:
         @(messageptr) = 0
+done:
         c64.CLRCHN()        ; restore default i/o devices
         c64.CLOSE(15)
         return filename
-    }
 
+io_error:
+        filename = "?disk error"
+        goto done
+    }
 
     sub save(ubyte drivenumber, uword filenameptr, uword address, uword size) -> ubyte {
         c64.SETNAM(string.length(filenameptr), filenameptr)
         c64.SETLFS(1, drivenumber, 0)
         uword end_address = address + size
+        first_byte = 0      ; result var reuse
 
         %asm {{
             lda  address
@@ -381,7 +424,6 @@ io_error:
             plp
         }}
 
-        first_byte = 0      ; result var reuse
         if_cc
             first_byte = c64.READST()==0
 

compiler/res/prog8lib/math.asm

@@ -244,68 +244,45 @@ randseed	.proc
 		.pend
 
 
-randbyte	.proc
-	; -- 8-bit pseudo random number generator into A
-		lda  _seed
-		beq  _eor
-		asl  a
-		beq  _done	; if the input was $80, skip the EOR
-		bcc  _done
-_eor		eor  #$1d	; xor with magic value see below for possible values
-_done		sta  _seed
-		rts
-
-_seed		.byte  $3a
-
-		; possible 'magic' eor bytes are:
-		; $1d, $2b, $2d, $4d, $5f, $63, $65, $69
-		; $71, $87, $8d, $a9, $c3, $cf, $e7, $f5
-
+randbyte        .proc
+	; -- 8 bit pseudo random number generator into A (by just reusing randword)
+		jmp  randword
 		.pend
 
-
 randword	.proc
 	; -- 16 bit pseudo random number generator into AY
 
-magic_eor = $3f1d
-		; possible magic eor words are:
-		; $3f1d, $3f81, $3fa5, $3fc5, $4075, $409d, $40cd, $4109
- 		; $413f, $414b, $4153, $4159, $4193, $4199, $41af, $41bb
+		; rand64k       ;Factors of 65535: 3 5 17 257
+		lda sr1+1
+		asl a
+		asl a
+		eor sr1+1
+		asl a
+		eor sr1+1
+		asl a
+		asl a
+		eor sr1+1
+		asl a
+		rol sr1         ;shift this left, "random" bit comes from low
+		rol sr1+1
+		; rand32k       ;Factors of 32767: 7 31 151 are independent and can be combined
+		lda sr2+1
+		asl a
+		eor sr2+1
+		asl a
+		asl a
+		ror sr2         ;shift this right, random bit comes from high - nicer when eor with sr1
+		rol sr2+1
+		lda sr1+1         ;can be left out
+		eor sr2+1         ;if you dont use
+		tay               ;y as suggested
+		lda sr1           ;mix up lowbytes of SR1
+		eor sr2           ;and SR2 to combine both
+		rts
 
-		lda  _seed
-		beq  _lowZero	; $0000 and $8000 are special values to test for
+sr1     	.word $a55a
+sr2     	.word $7653
 
- 		; Do a normal shift
-		asl  _seed
-		lda  _seed+1
-		rol  a
-		bcc  _noEor
-
-_doEor		; high byte is in A
-		eor  #>magic_eor
-  		sta  _seed+1
-  		lda  _seed
-  		eor  #<magic_eor
-  		sta  _seed
-  		ldy  _seed+1
-  		rts
-
-_lowZero	lda  _seed+1
-		beq  _doEor	; High byte is also zero, so apply the EOR
-				; For speed, you could store 'magic' into 'seed' directly
-				; instead of running the EORs
-
- 		; wasn't zero, check for $8000
-		asl  a
-		beq  _noEor	; if $00 is left after the shift, then it was $80
-		bcs  _doEor	; else, do the EOR based on the carry bit as usual
-
-_noEor		sta  _seed+1
-		tay
-		lda  _seed
- 		rts
-
-_seed		.word	$2c9e
 		.pend
 
 
@@ -797,6 +774,13 @@ stack_mul_word_320	.proc
 		rts
 		.pend
 
+stack_mul_word_640	.proc
+		; stackW = (stackLo * 2 * 320)    (stackHi doesn't matter)
+		asl  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
+		jmp  stack_mul_word_320
+		.pend
+
+
 ; ----------- optimized multiplications (in-place A (byte) and ?? (word)) : ---------
 mul_byte_3	.proc
 		; A = A + A*2
@@ -1262,7 +1246,7 @@ mul_word_100	.proc
 		.pend
 
 mul_word_320	.proc
-		; AY = A * 256 + A * 64	 (msb doesn't matter)
+		; AY = A * 256 + A * 64	 (msb in Y doesn't matter)
 		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
 		ldy  #0
 		sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
@@ -1287,6 +1271,13 @@ mul_word_320	.proc
 		rts
 		.pend
 
+mul_word_640	.proc
+		; AY = (A * 2 * 320) (msb in Y doesn't matter)
+		asl  a
+		jmp  mul_word_320
+		.pend
+
+
 ; ----------- end optimized multiplications -----------
 
 
@@ -1537,3 +1528,71 @@ _negative	lsr  a
 		rts
 		.pend
 
+
+square          .proc
+; -- calculate square root of signed word in AY, result in AY
+; routine by Lee Davsion, source: http://6502.org/source/integers/square.htm
+; using this routine is about twice as fast as doing a regular multiplication.
+;
+; Calculates the 16 bit unsigned integer square of the signed 16 bit integer in
+; Numberl/Numberh.  The result is always in the range 0 to 65025 and is held in
+; Squarel/Squareh
+;
+; The maximum input range is only +/-255 and no checking is done to ensure that
+; this is so.
+;
+; This routine is useful if you are trying to draw circles as for any circle
+;
+; x^2+y^2=r^2 where x and y are the co-ordinates of any point on the circle and
+; r is the circle radius
+
+numberl = P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1       ; number to square low byte
+numberh = P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1     ; number to square high byte
+squarel = P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2       ; square low byte
+squareh = P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1     ; square high byte
+tempsq = P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1        ; temp byte for intermediate result
+
+	sta  numberl
+	sty  numberh
+	stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+
+        lda     #$00        ; clear a
+        sta     squarel     ; clear square low byte
+                            ; (no need to clear the high byte, it gets shifted out)
+        lda	numberl     ; get number low byte
+	ldx	numberh     ; get number high  byte
+	bpl	_nonneg      ; if +ve don't negate it
+                            ; else do a two's complement
+	eor	#$ff        ; invert
+        sec	            ; +1
+	adc	#$00        ; and add it
+
+_nonneg:
+	sta	tempsq      ; save abs(number)
+	ldx	#$08        ; set bit count
+
+_nextr2bit:
+	asl	squarel     ; low byte *2
+	rol	squareh     ; high byte *2+carry from low
+	asl	a           ; shift number byte
+	bcc	_nosqadd     ; don't do add if c = 0
+	tay                 ; save a
+	clc                 ; clear carry for add
+	lda	tempsq      ; get number
+	adc	squarel     ; add number^2 low byte
+	sta	squarel     ; save number^2 low byte
+	lda	#$00        ; clear a
+	adc	squareh     ; add number^2 high byte
+	sta	squareh     ; save number^2 high byte
+	tya                 ; get a back
+
+_nosqadd:
+	dex                 ; decrement bit count
+	bne	_nextr2bit   ; go do next bit
+
+	lda  squarel
+	ldy  squareh
+	ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+	rts
+
+		.pend

compiler/res/prog8lib/math.p8

@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@
 ; Written by Irmen de Jong (irmen@razorvine.net) - license: GNU GPL 3.0
 
 math {
-	%asminclude "library:math.asm", ""
+	%asminclude "library:math.asm"
 }

compiler/res/prog8lib/prog8_funcs.asm

@@ -432,6 +432,7 @@ func_min_ub_stack	.proc
 func_min_b_into_A	.proc
 		; -- min(barray) -> A.  (array in P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1, num elements in A)
 		tay
+		dey
 		lda  #127
 		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
 -		lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
@@ -548,6 +549,7 @@ func_min_w_stack	.proc
 func_max_ub_into_A	.proc
 		; -- max(ubarray) -> A  (array in P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1, num elements in A)
 		tay
+		dey
 		lda  #0
 		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
 -		lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
@@ -1078,3 +1080,28 @@ _loop_hi	ldy  _index_first
 		.pend
 
 
+func_peekw   .proc
+	; -- read the word value on the address in AY
+	sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+	sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+	ldy  #0
+	lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
+	pha
+	iny
+	lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
+	tay
+	pla
+	rts
+	.pend
+
+
+func_pokew   .proc
+	; -- store the word value in AY in the address in P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+	sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+	ldy  #0
+	sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
+	iny
+	lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+	sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
+	rts
+	.pend

compiler/res/prog8lib/prog8_lib.asm

@@ -1071,3 +1071,15 @@ sign_extend_AY_byte	.proc
 		pla
 		rts
 		.pend
+
+strlen          .proc
+        ; -- returns the number of bytes in the string in AY, in Y.
+		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+		sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+		ldy  #0
+-		lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y
+		beq  +
+		iny
+		bne  -
++		rts
+		.pend

compiler/res/prog8lib/prog8_lib.p8

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 ; Written by Irmen de Jong (irmen@razorvine.net) - license: GNU GPL 3.0
 
 prog8_lib {
-	%asminclude "library:prog8_lib.asm", ""
-	%asminclude "library:prog8_funcs.asm", ""
+	%asminclude "library:prog8_lib.asm"
+	%asminclude "library:prog8_funcs.asm"
 
 	uword @zp retval_interm_uw      ; to store intermediary expression results for return values (hopefully allocated on ZP to reduce code size)
 	word @zp retval_interm_w        ; to store intermediary expression results for return values (hopefully allocated on ZP to reduce code size)

compiler/res/prog8lib/string.p8

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ _found		sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
 
     asmsub compare(uword string1 @R0, uword string2 @AY) clobbers(Y) -> byte @A {
         ; Compares two strings for sorting.
-        ; Returns -1 (255), 0 or 1 depeding on wether string1 sorts before, equal or after string2.
+        ; Returns -1 (255), 0 or 1 depending on wether string1 sorts before, equal or after string2.
         ; Note that you can also directly compare strings and string values with eachother using
         ; comparison operators ==, < etcetera (it will use strcmp for you under water automatically).
         %asm {{
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@ _found		sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
         }}
     }
 
-    asmsub lower(uword st @AY) {
-        ; Lowercases the petscii string in-place.
+    asmsub lower(uword st @AY) -> ubyte @Y {
+        ; Lowercases the petscii string in-place. Returns length of the string.
         ; (for efficiency, non-letter characters > 128 will also not be left intact,
         ;  but regular text doesn't usually contain those characters anyway.)
         %asm {{
@@ -213,8 +213,8 @@ _done       rts
         }}
     }
 
-    asmsub upper(uword st @AY) {
-        ; Uppercases the petscii string in-place.
+    asmsub upper(uword st @AY) -> ubyte @Y {
+        ; Uppercases the petscii string in-place. Returns length of the string.
         %asm {{
             sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
             sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1

compiler/res/version.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-6.0
+7.1

compiler/src/prog8/CompilerMain.kt

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import prog8.compiler.CompilationResult
 import prog8.compiler.compileProgram
 import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
 import prog8.compiler.target.Cx16Target
-import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
 import prog8.parser.ParsingFailedError
+import java.io.File
 import java.nio.file.FileSystems
 import java.nio.file.Path
 import java.nio.file.StandardWatchEventKinds
@@ -16,45 +16,55 @@ import kotlin.system.exitProcess
 
 
 fun main(args: Array<String>) {
-    printSoftwareHeader("compiler")
-
-    compileMain(args)
-}
-
-internal fun printSoftwareHeader(what: String) {
     val buildVersion = object {}.javaClass.getResource("/version.txt").readText().trim()
-    println("\nProg8 $what v$buildVersion by Irmen de Jong (irmen@razorvine.net)")
+    println("\nProg8 compiler v$buildVersion by Irmen de Jong (irmen@razorvine.net)")
     println("This software is licensed under the GNU GPL 3.0, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html\n")
+
+    val succes = compileMain(args)
+    if(!succes)
+        exitProcess(1)
 }
 
 
 fun pathFrom(stringPath: String, vararg rest: String): Path  = FileSystems.getDefault().getPath(stringPath, *rest)
 
 
-private fun compileMain(args: Array<String>) {
-    val cli = ArgParser("prog8compiler")
-    val startEmulator by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, shortName="emu", description = "auto-start emulator after successful compilation")
-    val outputDir by cli.option(ArgType.String, shortName = "out", description = "directory for output files instead of current directory").default(".")
-    val dontWriteAssembly by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, shortName = "noasm", description="don't create assembly code")
-    val dontOptimize by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, shortName = "noopt", description = "don't perform any optimizations")
-    val watchMode by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, shortName = "watch", description = "continuous compilation mode (watches for file changes), greatly increases compilation speed")
-    val slowCodegenWarnings by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, shortName = "slowwarn", description="show debug warnings about slow/problematic assembly code generation")
-    val compilationTarget by cli.option(ArgType.String, shortName = "target", description = "target output of the compiler, currently '${C64Target.name}' and '${Cx16Target.name}' available").default(C64Target.name)
+private fun compileMain(args: Array<String>): Boolean {
+    val cli = ArgParser("prog8compiler", prefixStyle = ArgParser.OptionPrefixStyle.JVM)
+    val startEmulator1 by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "emu", description = "auto-start emulator after successful compilation")
+    val startEmulator2 by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "emu2", description = "auto-start alternative emulator after successful compilation")
+    val outputDir by cli.option(ArgType.String, fullName = "out", description = "directory for output files instead of current directory").default(".")
+    val dontWriteAssembly by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "noasm", description="don't create assembly code")
+    val dontOptimize by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "noopt", description = "don't perform any optimizations")
+    val watchMode by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "watch", description = "continuous compilation mode (watches for file changes), greatly increases compilation speed")
+    val slowCodegenWarnings by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "slowwarn", description="show debug warnings about slow/problematic assembly code generation")
+    val compilationTarget by cli.option(ArgType.String, fullName = "target", description = "target output of the compiler, currently '${C64Target.name}' and '${Cx16Target.name}' available").default(C64Target.name)
+    val sourceDirs by cli.option(ArgType.String, fullName="srcdirs", description = "list of extra paths to search in for imported modules").multiple().delimiter(File.pathSeparator)
     val moduleFiles by cli.argument(ArgType.String, fullName = "modules", description = "main module file(s) to compile").multiple(999)
 
     try {
         cli.parse(args)
     } catch (e: IllegalStateException) {
         System.err.println(e.message)
-        exitProcess(1)
+        return false
     }
 
     val outputPath = pathFrom(outputDir)
     if(!outputPath.toFile().isDirectory) {
         System.err.println("Output path doesn't exist")
-        exitProcess(1)
+        return false
     }
 
+    val faultyOption = moduleFiles.firstOrNull { it.startsWith('-') }
+    if(faultyOption!=null) {
+        System.err.println("Unknown command line option given: $faultyOption")
+        return false
+    }
+
+    val srcdirs = sourceDirs.toMutableList()
+    if(srcdirs.firstOrNull()!=".")
+        srcdirs.add(0, ".")
+
     if(watchMode==true) {
         val watchservice = FileSystems.getDefault().newWatchService()
         val allImportedFiles = mutableSetOf<Path>()
@@ -64,7 +74,7 @@ private fun compileMain(args: Array<String>) {
             val results = mutableListOf<CompilationResult>()
             for(filepathRaw in moduleFiles) {
                 val filepath = pathFrom(filepathRaw).normalize()
-                val compilationResult = compileProgram(filepath, dontOptimize!=true, dontWriteAssembly!=true, slowCodegenWarnings==true, compilationTarget, outputPath)
+                val compilationResult = compileProgram(filepath, dontOptimize!=true, dontWriteAssembly!=true, slowCodegenWarnings==true, compilationTarget, srcdirs, outputPath)
                 results.add(compilationResult)
             }
 
@@ -75,7 +85,7 @@ private fun compileMain(args: Array<String>) {
             for (importedFile in allImportedFiles) {
                 print("  ")
                 println(importedFile)
-                val watchDir = importedFile.parent ?: Path.of(".")
+                val watchDir = importedFile.parent ?: Path.of("")
                 watchDir.register(watchservice, StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_MODIFY)
             }
             println("[${LocalDateTime.now().withNano(0)}]  Waiting for file changes.")
@@ -101,22 +111,30 @@ private fun compileMain(args: Array<String>) {
             val filepath = pathFrom(filepathRaw).normalize()
             val compilationResult: CompilationResult
             try {
-                compilationResult = compileProgram(filepath, dontOptimize!=true, dontWriteAssembly!=true, slowCodegenWarnings==true, compilationTarget, outputPath)
+                compilationResult = compileProgram(filepath, dontOptimize!=true, dontWriteAssembly!=true, slowCodegenWarnings==true, compilationTarget, srcdirs, outputPath)
                 if(!compilationResult.success)
-                    exitProcess(1)
+                    return false
             } catch (x: ParsingFailedError) {
-                exitProcess(1)
+                return false
             } catch (x: AstException) {
-                exitProcess(1)
+                return false
             }
 
-            if (startEmulator==true) {
-                if (compilationResult.programName.isEmpty())
+            if(startEmulator1==true || startEmulator2==true) {
+                if (compilationResult.programName.isEmpty()) {
                     println("\nCan't start emulator because no program was assembled.")
-                else {
-                    CompilationTarget.instance.machine.launchEmulator(compilationResult.programName)
+                    return true
                 }
             }
+
+            val programNameInPath = outputPath.resolve(compilationResult.programName)
+
+            if (startEmulator1==true)
+                compilationResult.compTarget.machine.launchEmulator(1, programNameInPath)
+            else if (startEmulator2==true)
+                compilationResult.compTarget.machine.launchEmulator(2, programNameInPath)
         }
     }
+
+    return true
 }

compiler/src/prog8/ast/base/Extensions.kt

@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.ast.base
-
-import prog8.ast.Module
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.processing.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.Directive
-import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.compiler.BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger
-
-
-internal fun Program.checkValid(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, errors: ErrorReporter) {
-    val checker = AstChecker(this, compilerOptions, errors)
-    checker.visit(this)
-}
-
-internal fun Program.processAstBeforeAsmGeneration(errors: ErrorReporter) {
-    val fixer = BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(this, errors)
-    fixer.visit(this)
-    fixer.applyModifications()
-}
-
-internal fun Program.reorderStatements(errors: ErrorReporter) {
-    val reorder = StatementReorderer(this, errors)
-    reorder.visit(this)
-    reorder.applyModifications()
-}
-
-internal fun Program.addTypecasts(errors: ErrorReporter) {
-    val caster = TypecastsAdder(this, errors)
-    caster.visit(this)
-    caster.applyModifications()
-}
-
-internal fun Program.verifyFunctionArgTypes() {
-    val fixer = VerifyFunctionArgTypes(this)
-    fixer.visit(this)
-}
-
-internal fun Module.checkImportedValid() {
-    val imr = ImportedModuleDirectiveRemover()
-    imr.visit(this, this.parent)
-    imr.applyModifications()
-}
-
-internal fun Program.checkIdentifiers(errors: ErrorReporter) {
-
-    val checker2 = AstIdentifiersChecker(this, errors)
-    checker2.visit(this)
-
-    if(errors.isEmpty()) {
-        val transforms = AstVariousTransforms(this)
-        transforms.visit(this)
-        transforms.applyModifications()
-        val lit2decl = LiteralsToAutoVars(this)
-        lit2decl.visit(this)
-        lit2decl.applyModifications()
-    }
-
-    if (modules.map { it.name }.toSet().size != modules.size) {
-        throw FatalAstException("modules should all be unique")
-    }
-}
-
-internal fun Program.variousCleanups() {
-    val process = VariousCleanups()
-    process.visit(this)
-    process.applyModifications()
-}
-
-internal fun Program.moveMainAndStartToFirst() {
-    // the module containing the program entrypoint is moved to the first in the sequence.
-    // the "main" block containing the entrypoint is moved to the top in there,
-    // and finally the entrypoint subroutine "start" itself is moved to the top in that block.
-
-    val directives = modules[0].statements.filterIsInstance<Directive>()
-    val start = this.entrypoint()
-    if(start!=null) {
-        val mod = start.definingModule()
-        val block = start.definingBlock()
-        if(!modules.remove(mod))
-            throw FatalAstException("module wrong")
-        modules.add(0, mod)
-        mod.remove(block)
-        var afterDirective = mod.statements.indexOfFirst { it !is Directive }
-        if(afterDirective<0)
-            mod.statements.add(block)
-        else
-            mod.statements.add(afterDirective, block)
-        block.remove(start)
-        afterDirective = block.statements.indexOfFirst { it !is Directive }
-        if(afterDirective<0)
-            block.statements.add(start)
-        else
-            block.statements.add(afterDirective, start)
-
-        // overwrite the directives in the module containing the entrypoint
-        for(directive in directives) {
-            modules[0].statements.removeAll { it is Directive && it.directive == directive.directive }
-            modules[0].statements.add(0, directive)
-        }
-    }
-}

compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/ImportedModuleDirectiveRemover.kt

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.ast.processing
-
-import prog8.ast.INameScope
-import prog8.ast.Node
-import prog8.ast.statements.Directive
-
-
-internal class ImportedModuleDirectiveRemover: AstWalker() {
-    /**
-     * Most global directives don't apply for imported modules, so remove them
-     */
-
-    private val moduleLevelDirectives = listOf("%output", "%launcher", "%zeropage", "%zpreserved", "%address")
-    private val noModifications = emptyList<IAstModification>()
-
-    override fun before(directive: Directive, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        if(directive.directive in moduleLevelDirectives) {
-            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(directive, parent as INameScope))
-        }
-        return noModifications
-    }
-}

compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/StatementReorderer.kt

@@ -1,434 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.ast.processing
-
-import prog8.ast.*
-import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.*
-import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
-
-
-internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporter) : AstWalker() {
-    // Reorders the statements in a way the compiler needs.
-    // - 'main' block must be the very first statement UNLESS it has an address set.
-    // - library blocks are put last.
-    // - blocks are ordered by address, where blocks without address are placed last.
-    // - in every block and module, most directives and vardecls are moved to the top. (not in subroutines!)
-    // - the 'start' subroutine is moved to the top.
-    // - (syntax desugaring) a vardecl with a non-const initializer value is split into a regular vardecl and an assignment statement.
-    // - (syntax desugaring) struct value assignment is expanded into several struct member assignments.
-    // - in-place assignments are reordered a bit so that they are mostly of the form A = A <operator> <rest>
-    // - sorts the choices in when statement.
-    // - insert AddressOf (&) expression where required (string params to a UWORD function param etc).
-
-    private val noModifications = emptyList<IAstModification>()
-    private val directivesToMove = setOf("%output", "%launcher", "%zeropage", "%zpreserved", "%address", "%option")
-
-    override fun after(module: Module, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        val (blocks, other) = module.statements.partition { it is Block }
-        module.statements = other.asSequence().plus(blocks.sortedBy { (it as Block).address ?: Int.MAX_VALUE }).toMutableList()
-
-        val mainBlock = module.statements.filterIsInstance<Block>().firstOrNull { it.name=="main" }
-        if(mainBlock!=null && mainBlock.address==null) {
-            module.statements.remove(mainBlock)
-            module.statements.add(0, mainBlock)
-        }
-
-        reorderVardeclsAndDirectives(module.statements)
-        return noModifications
-    }
-
-    private fun reorderVardeclsAndDirectives(statements: MutableList<Statement>) {
-        val varDecls = statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>()
-        statements.removeAll(varDecls)
-        statements.addAll(0, varDecls)
-
-        val directives = statements.filterIsInstance<Directive>().filter {it.directive in directivesToMove}
-        statements.removeAll(directives)
-        statements.addAll(0, directives)
-    }
-
-    override fun before(block: Block, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        parent as Module
-        if(block.isInLibrary) {
-            return listOf(
-                    IAstModification.Remove(block, parent),
-                    IAstModification.InsertLast(block, parent)
-            )
-        }
-
-        reorderVardeclsAndDirectives(block.statements)
-        return noModifications
-    }
-
-    override fun before(subroutine: Subroutine, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        if(subroutine.name=="start" && parent is Block) {
-            if(parent.statements.filterIsInstance<Subroutine>().first().name!="start") {
-                return listOf(
-                        IAstModification.Remove(subroutine, parent),
-                        IAstModification.InsertFirst(subroutine, parent)
-                )
-            }
-        }
-
-        val subs = subroutine.statements.filterIsInstance<Subroutine>()
-        if(subs.isNotEmpty()) {
-            // all subroutines defined within this subroutine are moved to the end
-            return subs.map { IAstModification.Remove(it, subroutine) } +
-                    subs.map { IAstModification.InsertLast(it, subroutine) }
-        }
-
-        return noModifications
-    }
-
-    override fun after(arrayIndexedExpression: ArrayIndexedExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-
-        val arrayVar = arrayIndexedExpression.arrayvar.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
-        if(arrayVar!=null && arrayVar.datatype ==  DataType.UWORD) {
-            // rewrite   pointervar[index]  into  @(pointervar+index)
-            val indexer = arrayIndexedExpression.indexer
-            val index = (indexer.indexNum ?: indexer.indexVar)!!
-            val add = BinaryExpression(arrayIndexedExpression.arrayvar, "+", index, arrayIndexedExpression.position)
-            return if(parent is AssignTarget) {
-                // we're part of the target of an assignment, we have to actually change the assign target itself
-                val memwrite = DirectMemoryWrite(add, arrayIndexedExpression.position)
-                val newtarget = AssignTarget(null, null, memwrite, arrayIndexedExpression.position)
-                listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(parent, newtarget, parent.parent))
-            } else {
-                val memread = DirectMemoryRead(add, arrayIndexedExpression.position)
-                listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(arrayIndexedExpression, memread, parent))
-            }
-        }
-
-        when (val expr2 = arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.origExpression) {
-            is NumericLiteralValue -> {
-                arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.indexNum = expr2
-                arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.origExpression = null
-                return noModifications
-            }
-            is IdentifierReference -> {
-                arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.indexVar = expr2
-                arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.origExpression = null
-                return noModifications
-            }
-            is Expression -> {
-                // replace complex indexing with a temp variable
-                return getAutoIndexerVarFor(arrayIndexedExpression)
-            }
-            else -> return noModifications
-        }
-    }
-
-    override fun after(expr: BinaryExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        // when using a simple bit shift and assigning it to a variable of a different type,
-        // try to make the bit shifting 'wide enough' to fall into the variable's type.
-        // with this, for instance, uword x = 1 << 10  will result in 1024 rather than 0 (the ubyte result).
-        if(expr.operator=="<<" || expr.operator==">>") {
-            val leftDt = expr.left.inferType(program)
-            when (parent) {
-                is Assignment -> {
-                    val targetDt = parent.target.inferType(program)
-                    if(leftDt != targetDt) {
-                        val cast = TypecastExpression(expr.left, targetDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT), true, parent.position)
-                        return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.left, cast, expr))
-                    }
-                }
-                is VarDecl -> {
-                    if(!leftDt.istype(parent.datatype)) {
-                        val cast = TypecastExpression(expr.left, parent.datatype, true, parent.position)
-                        return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.left, cast, expr))
-                    }
-                }
-                is IFunctionCall -> {
-                    val argnum = parent.args.indexOf(expr)
-                    when (val callee = parent.target.targetStatement(program.namespace)) {
-                        is Subroutine -> {
-                            val paramType = callee.parameters[argnum].type
-                            if(leftDt isAssignableTo paramType) {
-                                val cast = TypecastExpression(expr.left, paramType, true, parent.position)
-                                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.left, cast, expr))
-                            }
-                        }
-                        is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder -> {
-                            val func = BuiltinFunctions.getValue(callee.name)
-                            val paramTypes = func.parameters[argnum].possibleDatatypes
-                            for(type in paramTypes) {
-                                if(leftDt isAssignableTo type) {
-                                    val cast = TypecastExpression(expr.left, type, true, parent.position)
-                                    return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.left, cast, expr))
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                        else -> throw FatalAstException("weird callee")
-                    }
-                }
-                else -> return noModifications
-            }
-        }
-        return noModifications
-    }
-
-    private fun getAutoIndexerVarFor(expr: ArrayIndexedExpression): MutableList<IAstModification> {
-        val modifications = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
-        val subroutine = expr.definingSubroutine()!!
-        val statement = expr.containingStatement()
-        val indexerVarPrefix = "prog8_autovar_index_"
-        val repo = subroutine.asmGenInfo.usedAutoArrayIndexerForStatements
-
-        // TODO make this a bit smarter so it can reuse indexer variables. BUT BEWARE of scoping+initialization problems then
-        // add another loop index var to be used for this expression
-        val indexerVarName = "$indexerVarPrefix${expr.indexer.hashCode()}"
-        val indexerVar = AsmGenInfo.ArrayIndexerInfo(indexerVarName, expr.indexer)
-        repo.add(indexerVar)
-        // create the indexer var at block level scope
-        val vardecl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.PREFER_ZEROPAGE,
-                null, indexerVarName, null, null, isArray = false, autogeneratedDontRemove = true, position = expr.position)
-        modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertFirst(vardecl, subroutine))
-
-        // replace the indexer with just the variable
-        // assign the indexing expression to the helper variable, but only if that hasn't been done already
-        val indexerExpression = expr.indexer.origExpression!!
-        val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf(indexerVar.name), indexerExpression.position), null, null, indexerExpression.position)
-        val assign = Assignment(target, indexerExpression, indexerExpression.position)
-        modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertBefore(statement, assign, statement.definingScope()))
-        modifications.add(IAstModification.SetExpression( {
-            expr.indexer.indexVar = it as IdentifierReference
-            expr.indexer.indexNum = null
-            expr.indexer.origExpression = null
-        }, target.identifier!!.copy(), expr.indexer))
-
-        return modifications
-    }
-
-    override fun after(whenStatement: WhenStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        val choices = whenStatement.choiceValues(program).sortedBy {
-            it.first?.first() ?: Int.MAX_VALUE
-        }
-        whenStatement.choices.clear()
-        choices.mapTo(whenStatement.choices) { it.second }
-        return noModifications
-    }
-
-    override fun after(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        val declValue = decl.value
-        if(declValue!=null && decl.type== VarDeclType.VAR && decl.datatype in NumericDatatypes) {
-            val declConstValue = declValue.constValue(program)
-            if(declConstValue==null) {
-                // move the vardecl (without value) to the scope and replace this with a regular assignment
-                // Unless we're dealing with a floating point variable because that will actually make things less efficient at the moment (because floats are mostly calcualated via the stack)
-                if(decl.datatype!=DataType.FLOAT) {
-                    decl.value = null
-                    decl.allowInitializeWithZero = false
-                    val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf(decl.name), decl.position), null, null, decl.position)
-                    val assign = Assignment(target, declValue, decl.position)
-                    return listOf(
-                            IAstModification.ReplaceNode(decl, assign, parent),
-                            IAstModification.InsertFirst(decl, decl.definingScope())
-                    )
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return noModifications
-    }
-
-    override fun before(assignment: Assignment, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        val valueType = assignment.value.inferType(program)
-        val targetType = assignment.target.inferType(program)
-        var assignments = emptyList<Assignment>()
-
-        if(targetType.istype(DataType.STRUCT) && (valueType.istype(DataType.STRUCT) || valueType.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) in ArrayDatatypes )) {
-            assignments = if (assignment.value is ArrayLiteralValue) {
-                flattenStructAssignmentFromStructLiteral(assignment)    //  'structvar = [ ..... ] '
-            } else {
-                flattenStructAssignmentFromIdentifier(assignment)    //   'structvar1 = structvar2'
-            }
-        }
-
-        if(targetType.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) in ArrayDatatypes && valueType.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) in ArrayDatatypes ) {
-            assignments = if (assignment.value is ArrayLiteralValue) {
-                flattenArrayAssignmentFromArrayLiteral(assignment)    //  'arrayvar = [ ..... ] '
-            } else {
-                flattenArrayAssignmentFromIdentifier(assignment)    //   'arrayvar1 = arrayvar2'
-            }
-        }
-
-        if(assignments.isNotEmpty()) {
-            val modifications = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
-            val scope = assignment.definingScope()
-            assignments.reversed().mapTo(modifications) { IAstModification.InsertAfter(assignment, it, scope) }
-            modifications.add(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, scope))
-            return modifications
-        }
-
-        return noModifications
-    }
-
-    override fun after(assignment: Assignment, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        // rewrite in-place assignment expressions a bit so that the assignment target usually is the leftmost operand
-        val binExpr = assignment.value as? BinaryExpression
-        if(binExpr!=null) {
-            if(binExpr.left isSameAs assignment.target) {
-                // A = A <operator> 5, unchanged
-                return noModifications
-            }
-
-            if(binExpr.operator in associativeOperators) {
-                if (binExpr.right isSameAs assignment.target) {
-                    // A = v <associative-operator> A  ==>  A = A <associative-operator> v
-                    return listOf(IAstModification.SwapOperands(binExpr))
-                }
-
-                val leftBinExpr = binExpr.left as? BinaryExpression
-                if(leftBinExpr?.operator == binExpr.operator) {
-                    return if(leftBinExpr.left isSameAs assignment.target) {
-                        // A = (A <associative-operator> x) <same-operator> y ==> A = A <associative-operator> (x <same-operator> y)
-                        val newRight = BinaryExpression(leftBinExpr.right, binExpr.operator, binExpr.right, binExpr.position)
-                        val newValue = BinaryExpression(leftBinExpr.left, binExpr.operator, newRight, binExpr.position)
-                        listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr, newValue, assignment))
-                    } else {
-                        // A = (x <associative-operator> A) <same-operator> y ==> A = A <associative-operator> (x <same-operator> y)
-                        val newRight = BinaryExpression(leftBinExpr.left, binExpr.operator, binExpr.right, binExpr.position)
-                        val newValue = BinaryExpression(leftBinExpr.right, binExpr.operator, newRight, binExpr.position)
-                        listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr, newValue, assignment))
-                    }
-                }
-                val rightBinExpr = binExpr.right as? BinaryExpression
-                if(rightBinExpr?.operator == binExpr.operator) {
-                    return if(rightBinExpr.left isSameAs assignment.target) {
-                        // A = x <associative-operator> (A <same-operator> y) ==> A = A <associative-operator> (x <same-operator> y)
-                        val newRight = BinaryExpression(binExpr.left, binExpr.operator, rightBinExpr.right, binExpr.position)
-                        val newValue = BinaryExpression(rightBinExpr.left, binExpr.operator, newRight, binExpr.position)
-                        listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr, newValue, assignment))
-                    } else {
-                        // A = x <associative-operator> (y <same-operator> A) ==> A = A <associative-operator> (x <same-operator> y)
-                        val newRight = BinaryExpression(binExpr.left, binExpr.operator, rightBinExpr.left, binExpr.position)
-                        val newValue = BinaryExpression(rightBinExpr.right, binExpr.operator, newRight, binExpr.position)
-                        listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr, newValue, assignment))
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        return noModifications
-    }
-
-    private fun flattenArrayAssignmentFromArrayLiteral(assign: Assignment): List<Assignment> {
-        val identifier = assign.target.identifier!!
-        val targetVar = identifier.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
-        val alv = assign.value as? ArrayLiteralValue
-        return flattenArrayAssign(targetVar, alv, identifier, assign.position)
-    }
-
-    private fun flattenArrayAssignmentFromIdentifier(assign: Assignment): List<Assignment> {
-        val identifier = assign.target.identifier!!
-        val targetVar = identifier.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
-        val sourceIdent = assign.value as IdentifierReference
-        val sourceVar = sourceIdent.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
-        if(!sourceVar.isArray) {
-            errors.err("value must be an array",  sourceIdent.position)
-            return emptyList()
-        }
-        val alv = sourceVar.value as? ArrayLiteralValue
-        return flattenArrayAssign(targetVar, alv, identifier, assign.position)
-    }
-
-    private fun flattenArrayAssign(targetVar: VarDecl, alv: ArrayLiteralValue?, identifier: IdentifierReference, position: Position): List<Assignment> {
-        if(targetVar.arraysize==null) {
-            errors.err("array has no defined size", identifier.position)
-            return emptyList()
-        }
-
-        if(alv==null || alv.value.size != targetVar.arraysize!!.constIndex()) {
-            errors.err("element count mismatch", position)
-            return emptyList()
-        }
-
-        // TODO use a pointer loop instead of individual assignments
-        return alv.value.mapIndexed { index, value ->
-            val idx = ArrayIndexedExpression(identifier, ArrayIndex(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, index, position), position), position)
-            Assignment(AssignTarget(null, idx, null, position), value, value.position)
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun flattenStructAssignmentFromStructLiteral(structAssignment: Assignment): List<Assignment> {
-        val identifier = structAssignment.target.identifier!!
-        val identifierName = identifier.nameInSource.single()
-        val targetVar = identifier.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
-        val struct = targetVar.struct!!
-
-        val slv = structAssignment.value as? ArrayLiteralValue
-        if(slv==null || slv.value.size != struct.numberOfElements) {
-            errors.err("element count mismatch", structAssignment.position)
-            return emptyList()
-        }
-
-        return struct.statements.zip(slv.value).map { (targetDecl, sourceValue) ->
-            targetDecl as VarDecl
-            val mangled = mangledStructMemberName(identifierName, targetDecl.name)
-            val idref = IdentifierReference(listOf(mangled), structAssignment.position)
-            val assign = Assignment(AssignTarget(idref, null, null, structAssignment.position),
-                    sourceValue, sourceValue.position)
-            assign.linkParents(structAssignment)
-            assign
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun flattenStructAssignmentFromIdentifier(structAssignment: Assignment): List<Assignment> {
-        // TODO use memcopy beyond a certain number of elements
-        val identifier = structAssignment.target.identifier!!
-        val identifierName = identifier.nameInSource.single()
-        val targetVar = identifier.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
-        val struct = targetVar.struct!!
-        when (structAssignment.value) {
-            is IdentifierReference -> {
-                val sourceVar = (structAssignment.value as IdentifierReference).targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
-                when {
-                    sourceVar.struct!=null -> {
-                        // struct memberwise copy
-                        val sourceStruct = sourceVar.struct!!
-                        if(sourceStruct!==targetVar.struct) {
-                            // structs are not the same in assignment
-                            return listOf()     // error will be printed elsewhere
-                        }
-                        if(struct.statements.size!=sourceStruct.statements.size)
-                            return listOf()     // error will be printed elsewhere
-                        return struct.statements.zip(sourceStruct.statements).map { member ->
-                            val targetDecl = member.first as VarDecl
-                            val sourceDecl = member.second as VarDecl
-                            if(targetDecl.name != sourceDecl.name)
-                                throw FatalAstException("struct member mismatch")
-                            val mangled = mangledStructMemberName(identifierName, targetDecl.name)
-                            val idref = IdentifierReference(listOf(mangled), structAssignment.position)
-                            val sourcemangled = mangledStructMemberName(sourceVar.name, sourceDecl.name)
-                            val sourceIdref = IdentifierReference(listOf(sourcemangled), structAssignment.position)
-                            val assign = Assignment(AssignTarget(idref, null, null, structAssignment.position), sourceIdref, member.second.position)
-                            assign.linkParents(structAssignment)
-                            assign
-                        }
-                    }
-                    sourceVar.isArray -> {
-                        val array = (sourceVar.value as ArrayLiteralValue).value
-                        if(struct.statements.size!=array.size)
-                            return listOf()     // error will be printed elsewhere
-                        return struct.statements.zip(array).map {
-                            val decl = it.first as VarDecl
-                            val mangled = mangledStructMemberName(identifierName, decl.name)
-                            val targetName = IdentifierReference(listOf(mangled), structAssignment.position)
-                            val target = AssignTarget(targetName, null, null, structAssignment.position)
-                            val assign = Assignment(target, it.second, structAssignment.position)
-                            assign.linkParents(structAssignment)
-                            assign
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else -> {
-                        throw FatalAstException("can only assign arrays or structs to structs")
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            is ArrayLiteralValue -> {
-                throw IllegalArgumentException("not going to flatten a structLv assignment here")
-            }
-            else -> throw FatalAstException("strange struct value")
-        }
-    }
-
-}

compiler/src/prog8/ast/processing/VariousCleanups.kt

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.ast.processing
-
-import prog8.ast.INameScope
-import prog8.ast.Node
-import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
-import prog8.ast.expressions.TypecastExpression
-import prog8.ast.statements.AnonymousScope
-import prog8.ast.statements.NopStatement
-
-
-internal class VariousCleanups: AstWalker() {
-    private val noModifications = emptyList<IAstModification>()
-
-    override fun before(nopStatement: NopStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(nopStatement, parent as INameScope))
-    }
-
-    override fun before(scope: AnonymousScope, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        return if(parent is INameScope)
-            listOf(ScopeFlatten(scope, parent as INameScope))
-        else
-            noModifications
-    }
-
-    class ScopeFlatten(val scope: AnonymousScope, val into: INameScope) : IAstModification {
-        override fun perform() {
-            val idx = into.statements.indexOf(scope)
-            if(idx>=0) {
-                into.statements.addAll(idx+1, scope.statements)
-                into.statements.remove(scope)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    override fun before(typecast: TypecastExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        if(typecast.expression is NumericLiteralValue) {
-            val value = (typecast.expression as NumericLiteralValue).cast(typecast.type)
-            if(value.isValid)
-                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(typecast, value.valueOrZero(), parent))
-        }
-
-        return noModifications
-    }
-}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger.kt

@@ -5,27 +5,30 @@ import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.processing.AstWalker
-import prog8.ast.processing.IAstModification
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
+import prog8.compiler.astprocessing.isInRegularRAMof
+import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
 
 
-internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporter) : AstWalker() {
-
-    private val noModifications = emptyList<IAstModification>()
+internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter, private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget) : AstWalker() {
 
     override fun after(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         subroutineVariables.add(decl.name to decl)
         if (decl.value == null && !decl.autogeneratedDontRemove && decl.type == VarDeclType.VAR && decl.datatype in NumericDatatypes) {
-            // a numeric vardecl without an initial value is initialized with zero,
-            // unless there's already an assignment below, that initializes the value
+            // A numeric vardecl without an initial value is initialized with zero,
+            // unless there's already an assignment below, that initializes the value.
+            // This allows you to restart the program and have the same starting values of the variables
             if(decl.allowInitializeWithZero)
             {
-                val nextAssign = decl.definingScope().nextSibling(decl) as? Assignment
-                if (nextAssign != null && nextAssign.target.isSameAs(IdentifierReference(listOf(decl.name), Position.DUMMY)))
+                val nextAssign = decl.definingScope.nextSibling(decl) as? Assignment
+                if (nextAssign != null && nextAssign.target isSameAs IdentifierReference(listOf(decl.name), Position.DUMMY))
                     decl.value = null
-                else
+                else {
                     decl.value = decl.zeroElementValue()
+                }
             }
         }
         return noModifications
@@ -37,7 +40,7 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: E
         // But it can only be done if the target variable IS NOT OCCURRING AS AN OPERAND ITSELF.
         if(!assignment.isAugmentable
                 && assignment.target.identifier != null
-                && assignment.target.isInRegularRAM(program.namespace)) {
+                && assignment.target.isInRegularRAMof(compTarget.machine)) {
             val binExpr = assignment.value as? BinaryExpression
             if (binExpr != null && binExpr.operator !in comparisonOperators) {
                 if (binExpr.left !is BinaryExpression) {
@@ -49,14 +52,14 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: E
                             // use the other part of the expression to split.
                             val assignRight = Assignment(assignment.target, binExpr.right, assignment.position)
                             return listOf(
-                                    IAstModification.InsertBefore(assignment, assignRight, assignment.definingScope()),
+                                    IAstModification.InsertBefore(assignment, assignRight, assignment.definingScope),
                                     IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.right, binExpr.left, binExpr),
                                     IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.left, assignment.target.toExpression(), binExpr))
                         }
                     } else {
                         val assignLeft = Assignment(assignment.target, binExpr.left, assignment.position)
                         return listOf(
-                                IAstModification.InsertBefore(assignment, assignLeft, assignment.definingScope()),
+                                IAstModification.InsertBefore(assignment, assignLeft, assignment.definingScope),
                                 IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.left, assignment.target.toExpression(), binExpr))
                     }
                 }
@@ -66,30 +69,37 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: E
     }
 
     private val subroutineVariables = mutableListOf<Pair<String, VarDecl>>()
+    private val addedIfConditionVars = mutableSetOf<Pair<Subroutine, String>>()
 
     override fun before(subroutine: Subroutine, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         subroutineVariables.clear()
+        addedIfConditionVars.clear()
         return noModifications
     }
 
     override fun after(scope: AnonymousScope, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        val decls = scope.statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>()
+        val decls = scope.statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>().filter { it.type == VarDeclType.VAR }
         subroutineVariables.addAll(decls.map { it.name to it })
 
-        val sub = scope.definingSubroutine()
+        val sub = scope.definingSubroutine
         if (sub != null) {
-            // move vardecls of the scope into the upper scope. Make sure the position remains the same!
-            val numericVarsWithValue = decls.filter { it.value != null && it.datatype in NumericDatatypes }
-            val replaceVardecls =numericVarsWithValue.map {
-                val initValue = it.value!!  // assume here that value has always been set by now
-                it.value = null     // make sure no value init assignment for this vardecl will be created later (would be superfluous)
-                val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf(it.name), it.position), null, null, it.position)
-                val assign = Assignment(target, initValue, it.position)
-                initValue.parent = assign
-                IAstModification.ReplaceNode(it, assign, scope)
+            // move any remaining vardecls of the scope into the upper scope. Make sure the position remains the same!
+            val replacements = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
+            val movements = mutableListOf<IAstModification.InsertFirst>()
+
+            for(decl in decls) {
+                if(decl.value!=null && decl.datatype in NumericDatatypes) {
+                    val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf(decl.name), decl.position), null, null, decl.position)
+                    val assign = Assignment(target, decl.value!!, decl.position)
+                    replacements.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(decl, assign, scope))
+                    decl.value = null
+                    decl.allowInitializeWithZero = false
+                } else {
+                    replacements.add(IAstModification.Remove(decl, scope))
+                }
+                movements.add(IAstModification.InsertFirst(decl, sub))
             }
-            val moveVardeclsUp = decls.map { IAstModification.InsertFirst(it, sub) }
-            return replaceVardecls + moveVardeclsUp
+            return replacements + movements
         }
         return noModifications
     }
@@ -106,21 +116,21 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: E
         }
 
 
-        // add the implicit return statement at the end (if it's not there yet), but only if it's not a kernel routine.
+        // add the implicit return statement at the end (if it's not there yet), but only if it's not a kernal routine.
         // and if an assembly block doesn't contain a rts/rti, and some other situations.
         val mods = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
         val returnStmt = Return(null, subroutine.position)
-        if (subroutine.asmAddress == null
-                && !subroutine.inline
-                && subroutine.statements.isNotEmpty()
-                && subroutine.amountOfRtsInAsm() == 0
+        if (subroutine.asmAddress == null && !subroutine.inline) {
+            if(subroutine.statements.isEmpty() ||
+                (subroutine.amountOfRtsInAsm() == 0
                 && subroutine.statements.lastOrNull { it !is VarDecl } !is Return
-                && subroutine.statements.last() !is Subroutine) {
-            mods += IAstModification.InsertLast(returnStmt, subroutine)
+                && subroutine.statements.last() !is Subroutine)) {
+                    mods += IAstModification.InsertLast(returnStmt, subroutine)
+            }
         }
 
         // precede a subroutine with a return to avoid falling through into the subroutine from code above it
-        val outerScope = subroutine.definingScope()
+        val outerScope = subroutine.definingScope
         val outerStatements = outerScope.statements
         val subroutineStmtIdx = outerStatements.indexOf(subroutine)
         if (subroutineStmtIdx > 0
@@ -137,7 +147,7 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: E
         // see if we can remove superfluous typecasts (outside of expressions)
         // such as casting byte<->ubyte,  word<->uword
         // Also the special typecast of a reference type (str, array) to an UWORD will be changed into address-of.
-        val sourceDt = typecast.expression.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+        val sourceDt = typecast.expression.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
         if (typecast.type in ByteDatatypes && sourceDt in ByteDatatypes
                 || typecast.type in WordDatatypes && sourceDt in WordDatatypes) {
             if(typecast.parent !is Expression) {
@@ -153,16 +163,6 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: E
         // The only place for now where we can do this is for:
         //    asmsub register pair parameter.
 
-        if(typecast.type in WordDatatypes) {
-            val fcall = typecast.parent as? IFunctionCall
-            if (fcall != null) {
-                val sub = fcall.target.targetStatement(program.namespace) as? Subroutine
-                if (sub != null && sub.isAsmSubroutine) {
-                    return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(typecast, typecast.expression, parent))
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
         if(sourceDt in PassByReferenceDatatypes) {
             if(typecast.type==DataType.UWORD) {
                 if(typecast.expression is IdentifierReference) {
@@ -193,9 +193,55 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: E
             val booleanExpr = BinaryExpression(ifStatement.condition, "!=", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, ifStatement.condition.position), ifStatement.condition.position)
             return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(ifStatement.condition, booleanExpr, ifStatement))
         }
+
+        if((binExpr.operator=="==" || binExpr.operator=="!=") &&
+            (binExpr.left as? NumericLiteralValue)?.number==0 &&
+            (binExpr.right as? NumericLiteralValue)?.number!=0)
+            throw CompilerException("if 0==X should have been swapped to if X==0")
+
+        // split the conditional expression into separate variables if the operand(s) is not simple.
+        // DISABLED FOR NOW AS IT GENEREATES LARGER CODE IN THE SIMPLE CASES LIKE    IF X {...}  or  IF NOT X {...}
+//        val modifications = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
+//        if(!binExpr.left.isSimple) {
+//            val sub = binExpr.definingSubroutine()!!
+//            val (variable, isNew, assignment) = addIfOperandVar(sub, "left", binExpr.left)
+//            if(isNew)
+//                modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertFirst(variable, sub))
+//            modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertBefore(ifStatement, assignment, parent as INameScope))
+//            modifications.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.left, IdentifierReference(listOf(variable.name), binExpr.position), binExpr))
+//            addedIfConditionVars.add(Pair(sub, variable.name))
+//        }
+//        if(!binExpr.right.isSimple) {
+//            val sub = binExpr.definingSubroutine()!!
+//            val (variable, isNew, assignment) = addIfOperandVar(sub, "right", binExpr.right)
+//            if(isNew)
+//                modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertFirst(variable, sub))
+//            modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertBefore(ifStatement, assignment, parent as INameScope))
+//            modifications.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.right, IdentifierReference(listOf(variable.name), binExpr.position), binExpr))
+//            addedIfConditionVars.add(Pair(sub, variable.name))
+//        }
+//        return modifications
         return noModifications
     }
 
+//    private fun addIfOperandVar(sub: Subroutine, side: String, operand: Expression): Triple<VarDecl, Boolean, Assignment> {
+//        val dt = operand.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.UNDEFINED)
+//        val varname = "prog8_ifvar_${side}_${dt.name.toLowerCase()}"
+//        val tgt = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf(varname), operand.position), null, null, operand.position)
+//        val assign = Assignment(tgt, operand, operand.position)
+//        if(Pair(sub, varname) in addedIfConditionVars) {
+//            val vardecl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, dt, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, varname, null, null, false, true, operand.position)
+//            return Triple(vardecl, false, assign)
+//        }
+//        val existing = sub.statements.firstOrNull { it is VarDecl && it.name == varname} as VarDecl?
+//        return if (existing == null) {
+//            val vardecl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, dt, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, varname, null, null, false, true, operand.position)
+//            Triple(vardecl, true, assign)
+//        } else {
+//            Triple(existing, false, assign)
+//        }
+//    }
+
     override fun after(untilLoop: UntilLoop, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         val binExpr = untilLoop.condition as? BinaryExpression
         if(binExpr==null || binExpr.operator !in comparisonOperators) {
@@ -215,4 +261,95 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: E
         }
         return noModifications
     }
+
+    override fun after(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource==listOf("cmp")) {
+            // if the datatype of the arguments of cmp() are different, cast the byte one to word.
+            val arg1 = functionCallStatement.args[0]
+            val arg2 = functionCallStatement.args[1]
+            val dt1 = arg1.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
+            val dt2 = arg2.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
+            if(dt1 in ByteDatatypes) {
+                if(dt2 in ByteDatatypes)
+                    return noModifications
+                val cast1 = TypecastExpression(arg1, if(dt1==DataType.UBYTE) DataType.UWORD else DataType.WORD, true, functionCallStatement.position)
+                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(arg1, cast1, functionCallStatement))
+            } else {
+                if(dt2 in WordDatatypes)
+                    return noModifications
+                val cast2 = TypecastExpression(arg2, if(dt2==DataType.UBYTE) DataType.UWORD else DataType.WORD, true, functionCallStatement.position)
+                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(arg2, cast2, functionCallStatement))
+            }
+        }
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(arrayIndexedExpression: ArrayIndexedExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+
+        val containingStatement = getContainingStatement(arrayIndexedExpression)
+        if(getComplexArrayIndexedExpressions(containingStatement).size > 1) {
+            errors.err("it's not possible to use more than one complex array indexing expression in a single statement; break it up via a temporary variable for instance", containingStatement.position)
+            return noModifications
+        }
+
+
+        val index = arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.indexExpr
+        if(index !is NumericLiteralValue && index !is IdentifierReference) {
+            // replace complex indexing expression with a temp variable to hold the computed index first
+            return getAutoIndexerVarFor(arrayIndexedExpression)
+        }
+
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    private fun getComplexArrayIndexedExpressions(stmt: Statement): List<ArrayIndexedExpression> {
+
+        class Searcher : IAstVisitor {
+            val complexArrayIndexedExpressions = mutableListOf<ArrayIndexedExpression>()
+            override fun visit(arrayIndexedExpression: ArrayIndexedExpression) {
+                val ix = arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.indexExpr
+                if(ix !is NumericLiteralValue && ix !is IdentifierReference)
+                    complexArrayIndexedExpressions.add(arrayIndexedExpression)
+            }
+
+            override fun visit(branchStatement: BranchStatement) {}
+
+            override fun visit(forLoop: ForLoop) {}
+
+            override fun visit(ifStatement: IfStatement) {
+                ifStatement.condition.accept(this)
+            }
+
+            override fun visit(untilLoop: UntilLoop) {
+                untilLoop.condition.accept(this)
+            }
+        }
+
+        val searcher = Searcher()
+        stmt.accept(searcher)
+        return searcher.complexArrayIndexedExpressions
+    }
+
+    private fun getContainingStatement(expression: Expression): Statement {
+        var node: Node = expression
+        while(node !is Statement)
+            node = node.parent
+
+        return node
+    }
+
+    private fun getAutoIndexerVarFor(expr: ArrayIndexedExpression): MutableList<IAstModification> {
+        val modifications = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
+        val statement = expr.containingStatement
+        val dt = expr.indexer.indexExpr.inferType(program)
+        val register = if(dt istype DataType.UBYTE  || dt istype DataType.BYTE ) "r9L" else "r9"
+        // replace the indexer with just the variable (simply use a cx16 virtual register r9, that we HOPE is not used for other things in the expression...)
+        // assign the indexing expression to the helper variable, but only if that hasn't been done already
+        val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf("cx16", register), expr.indexer.position), null, null, expr.indexer.position)
+        val assign = Assignment(target, expr.indexer.indexExpr, expr.indexer.position)
+        modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertBefore(statement, assign, statement.definingScope))
+        modifications.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.indexer.indexExpr, target.identifier!!.copy(), expr.indexer))
+        return modifications
+    }
+
 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/Compiler.kt

@@ -1,9 +1,32 @@
 package prog8.compiler
 
+import com.github.michaelbull.result.*
+import prog8.ast.AstToSourceCode
+import prog8.ast.IBuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.ast.IMemSizer
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.AstException
+import prog8.ast.base.Position
+import prog8.ast.expressions.Expression
+import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.statements.Directive
+import prog8.compiler.astprocessing.*
+import prog8.compiler.functions.*
+import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
+import prog8.compiler.target.Cx16Target
+import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8.compiler.target.asmGeneratorFor
+import prog8.optimizer.*
+import prog8.parser.ParseError
+import prog8.parser.ParsingFailedError
+import prog8.parser.SourceCode
+import prog8.parser.SourceCode.Companion.libraryFilePrefix
 import java.io.File
-import java.io.InputStream
 import java.nio.file.Path
-import kotlin.math.abs
+import kotlin.io.path.Path
+import kotlin.io.path.nameWithoutExtension
+import kotlin.system.measureTimeMillis
+
 
 enum class OutputType {
     RAW,
@@ -28,7 +51,8 @@ data class CompilationOptions(val output: OutputType,
                               val zeropage: ZeropageType,
                               val zpReserved: List<IntRange>,
                               val floats: Boolean,
-                              val noSysInit: Boolean) {
+                              val noSysInit: Boolean,
+                              val compTarget: ICompilationTarget) {
     var slowCodegenWarnings = false
     var optimize = false
 }
@@ -36,37 +60,336 @@ data class CompilationOptions(val output: OutputType,
 
 class CompilerException(message: String?) : Exception(message)
 
-fun Number.toHex(): String {
-    //  0..15 -> "0".."15"
-    //  16..255 -> "$10".."$ff"
-    //  256..65536 -> "$0100".."$ffff"
-    // negative values are prefixed with '-'.
-    val integer = this.toInt()
-    if(integer<0)
-        return '-' + abs(integer).toHex()
-    return when (integer) {
-        in 0 until 16 -> integer.toString()
-        in 0 until 0x100 -> "$"+integer.toString(16).padStart(2,'0')
-        in 0 until 0x10000 -> "$"+integer.toString(16).padStart(4,'0')
-        else -> throw CompilerException("number too large for 16 bits $this")
+class CompilationResult(val success: Boolean,
+                        val programAst: Program,
+                        val programName: String,
+                        val compTarget: ICompilationTarget,
+                        val importedFiles: List<Path>)
+
+
+fun compileProgram(filepath: Path,
+                   optimize: Boolean,
+                   writeAssembly: Boolean,
+                   slowCodegenWarnings: Boolean,
+                   compilationTarget: String,
+                   sourceDirs: List<String>,
+                   outputDir: Path): CompilationResult {
+    var programName = ""
+    lateinit var programAst: Program
+    lateinit var importedFiles: List<Path>
+    val errors = ErrorReporter()
+
+    val compTarget =
+        when(compilationTarget) {
+            C64Target.name -> C64Target
+            Cx16Target.name -> Cx16Target
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid compilation target")
+        }
+
+    try {
+        val totalTime = measureTimeMillis {
+            // import main module and everything it needs
+            val (ast, compilationOptions, imported) = parseImports(filepath, errors, compTarget, sourceDirs)
+            compilationOptions.slowCodegenWarnings = slowCodegenWarnings
+            compilationOptions.optimize = optimize
+            programAst = ast
+            importedFiles = imported
+            processAst(programAst, errors, compilationOptions)
+            if (compilationOptions.optimize)
+                optimizeAst(
+                    programAst,
+                    errors,
+                    BuiltinFunctionsFacade(BuiltinFunctions),
+                    compTarget,
+                    compilationOptions
+                )
+            postprocessAst(programAst, errors, compilationOptions)
+
+            // printAst(programAst)
+
+            if (writeAssembly) {
+                val result = writeAssembly(programAst, errors, outputDir, compilationOptions)
+                when (result) {
+                    is WriteAssemblyResult.Ok -> programName = result.filename
+                    is WriteAssemblyResult.Fail -> {
+                        System.err.println(result.error)
+                        return CompilationResult(false, programAst, programName, compTarget, importedFiles)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        System.out.flush()
+        System.err.flush()
+        println("\nTotal compilation+assemble time: ${totalTime / 1000.0} sec.")
+        return CompilationResult(true, programAst, programName, compTarget, importedFiles)
+    } catch (px: ParseError) {
+        System.err.print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
+        System.err.println("${px.position.toClickableStr()} parse error: ${px.message}".trim())
+        System.err.print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
+    } catch (pfx: ParsingFailedError) {
+        System.err.print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
+        System.err.println(pfx.message)
+        System.err.print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
+    } catch (ax: AstException) {
+        System.err.print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
+        System.err.println(ax.toString())
+        System.err.print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
+    } catch (x: Exception) {
+        print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
+        println("\n* internal error *")
+        print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
+        System.out.flush()
+        throw x
+    } catch (x: NotImplementedError) {
+        print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
+        println("\n* internal error: missing feature/code *")
+        print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
+        System.out.flush()
+        throw x
+    }
+
+    val failedProgram = Program("failed", BuiltinFunctionsFacade(BuiltinFunctions), compTarget)
+    return CompilationResult(false, failedProgram, programName, compTarget, emptyList())
+}
+
+private class BuiltinFunctionsFacade(functions: Map<String, FSignature>): IBuiltinFunctions {
+    lateinit var program: Program
+
+    override val names = functions.keys
+    override val purefunctionNames = functions.filter { it.value.pure }.map { it.key }.toSet()
+
+    override fun constValue(name: String, args: List<Expression>, position: Position, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue? {
+        val func = BuiltinFunctions[name]
+        if(func!=null) {
+            val exprfunc = func.constExpressionFunc
+            if(exprfunc!=null) {
+                return try {
+                    exprfunc(args, position, program, memsizer)
+                } catch(x: NotConstArgumentException) {
+                    // const-evaluating the builtin function call failed.
+                    null
+                } catch(x: CannotEvaluateException) {
+                    // const-evaluating the builtin function call failed.
+                    null
+                }
+            }
+            else if(func.known_returntype==null)
+                return null  // builtin function $name can't be used here because it doesn't return a value
+        }
+        return null
+    }
+    override fun returnType(name: String, args: MutableList<Expression>) =
+        builtinFunctionReturnType(name, args, program)
+}
+
+fun parseImports(filepath: Path,
+                 errors: IErrorReporter,
+                 compTarget: ICompilationTarget,
+                 sourceDirs: List<String>): Triple<Program, CompilationOptions, List<Path>> {
+    println("Compiler target: ${compTarget.name}. Parsing...")
+    val bf = BuiltinFunctionsFacade(BuiltinFunctions)
+    val programAst = Program(filepath.nameWithoutExtension, bf, compTarget)
+    bf.program = programAst
+
+    val importer = ModuleImporter(programAst, compTarget.name, errors, sourceDirs)
+    val importedModuleResult = importer.importModule(filepath)
+    importedModuleResult.onFailure { throw it }
+    errors.report()
+
+    val importedFiles = programAst.modules.map { it.source }
+        .filter { it.isFromFilesystem }
+        .map { Path(it.origin) }
+    val compilerOptions = determineCompilationOptions(programAst, compTarget)
+    if (compilerOptions.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC && compilerOptions.output != OutputType.PRG)
+        throw ParsingFailedError("${programAst.modules.first().position} BASIC launcher requires output type PRG.")
+
+    // depending on the machine and compiler options we may have to include some libraries
+    for(lib in compTarget.machine.importLibs(compilerOptions, compTarget.name))
+        importer.importLibraryModule(lib)
+
+    // always import prog8_lib and math
+    importer.importLibraryModule("math")
+    importer.importLibraryModule("prog8_lib")
+    errors.report()
+    return Triple(programAst, compilerOptions, importedFiles)
+}
+
+fun determineCompilationOptions(program: Program, compTarget: ICompilationTarget): CompilationOptions {
+    val toplevelModule = program.toplevelModule
+    val outputDirective = (toplevelModule.statements.singleOrNull { it is Directive && it.directive == "%output" } as? Directive)
+    val launcherDirective = (toplevelModule.statements.singleOrNull { it is Directive && it.directive == "%launcher" } as? Directive)
+    val outputTypeStr = outputDirective?.args?.single()?.name?.uppercase()
+    val launcherTypeStr = launcherDirective?.args?.single()?.name?.uppercase()
+    val zpoption: String? = (toplevelModule.statements.singleOrNull { it is Directive && it.directive == "%zeropage" }
+            as? Directive)?.args?.single()?.name?.uppercase()
+    val allOptions = program.modules.flatMap { it.statements }.filter { it is Directive && it.directive == "%option" }
+        .flatMap { (it as Directive).args }.toSet()
+    val floatsEnabled = allOptions.any { it.name == "enable_floats" }
+    val noSysInit = allOptions.any { it.name == "no_sysinit" }
+    var zpType: ZeropageType =
+        if (zpoption == null)
+            if (floatsEnabled) ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE else ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE
+        else
+            try {
+                ZeropageType.valueOf(zpoption)
+            } catch (x: IllegalArgumentException) {
+                ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE
+                // error will be printed by the astchecker
+            }
+
+    if (zpType == ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE && compTarget.name == Cx16Target.name) {
+        System.err.println("Warning: zp option floatsafe changed to basicsafe for cx16 target")
+        zpType = ZeropageType.BASICSAFE
+    }
+
+    val zpReserved = toplevelModule.statements
+        .asSequence()
+        .filter { it is Directive && it.directive == "%zpreserved" }
+        .map { (it as Directive).args }
+        .map { it[0].int!!..it[1].int!! }
+        .toList()
+
+    val outputType = if (outputTypeStr == null) OutputType.PRG else {
+        try {
+            OutputType.valueOf(outputTypeStr)
+        } catch (x: IllegalArgumentException) {
+            // set default value; actual check and error handling of invalid option is handled in the AstChecker later
+            OutputType.PRG
+        }
+    }
+    val launcherType = if (launcherTypeStr == null) LauncherType.BASIC else {
+        try {
+            LauncherType.valueOf(launcherTypeStr)
+        } catch (x: IllegalArgumentException) {
+            // set default value; actual check and error handling of invalid option is handled in the AstChecker later
+            LauncherType.BASIC
+        }
+    }
+
+    return CompilationOptions(
+        outputType,
+        launcherType,
+        zpType, zpReserved, floatsEnabled, noSysInit,
+        compTarget
+    )
+}
+
+private fun processAst(programAst: Program, errors: IErrorReporter, compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+    // perform initial syntax checks and processings
+    println("Processing for target ${compilerOptions.compTarget.name}...")
+    programAst.checkIdentifiers(errors, compilerOptions)
+    errors.report()
+    // TODO: turning char literals into UBYTEs via an encoding should really happen in code gen - but for that we'd need DataType.CHAR
+    // NOTE: we will then lose the opportunity to do constant-folding on any expression containing a char literal, but how often will those occur?
+    // Also they might be optimized away eventually in codegen or by the assembler even
+    programAst.charLiteralsToUByteLiterals(errors, compilerOptions.compTarget)
+    errors.report()
+    programAst.constantFold(errors, compilerOptions.compTarget)
+    errors.report()
+    programAst.reorderStatements(errors)
+    errors.report()
+    programAst.addTypecasts(errors)
+    errors.report()
+    programAst.variousCleanups(programAst, errors)
+    errors.report()
+    programAst.checkValid(compilerOptions, errors, compilerOptions.compTarget)
+    errors.report()
+    programAst.checkIdentifiers(errors, compilerOptions)
+    errors.report()
+}
+
+private fun optimizeAst(programAst: Program, errors: IErrorReporter, functions: IBuiltinFunctions, compTarget: ICompilationTarget, options: CompilationOptions) {
+    // optimize the parse tree
+    println("Optimizing...")
+
+    val remover = UnusedCodeRemover(programAst, errors, compTarget)
+    remover.visit(programAst)
+    remover.applyModifications()
+
+    while (true) {
+        // keep optimizing expressions and statements until no more steps remain
+        val optsDone1 = programAst.simplifyExpressions()
+        val optsDone2 = programAst.splitBinaryExpressions(compTarget)
+        val optsDone3 = programAst.optimizeStatements(errors, functions, compTarget)
+        programAst.constantFold(errors, compTarget) // because simplified statements and expressions can result in more constants that can be folded away
+        errors.report()
+        if (optsDone1 + optsDone2 + optsDone3 == 0)
+            break
+    }
+
+    errors.report()
+}
+
+private fun postprocessAst(programAst: Program, errors: IErrorReporter, compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+    programAst.addTypecasts(errors)
+    errors.report()
+    programAst.variousCleanups(programAst, errors)
+    programAst.checkValid(compilerOptions, errors, compilerOptions.compTarget)          // check if final tree is still valid
+    errors.report()
+    val callGraph = CallGraph(programAst)
+    callGraph.checkRecursiveCalls(errors)
+    errors.report()
+    programAst.verifyFunctionArgTypes()
+    programAst.moveMainAndStartToFirst()
+}
+
+private sealed class WriteAssemblyResult {
+    class Ok(val filename: String): WriteAssemblyResult()
+    class Fail(val error: String): WriteAssemblyResult()
+}
+
+private fun writeAssembly(programAst: Program,
+                          errors: IErrorReporter,
+                          outputDir: Path,
+                          compilerOptions: CompilationOptions): WriteAssemblyResult {
+    // asm generation directly from the Ast
+    programAst.processAstBeforeAsmGeneration(errors, compilerOptions.compTarget)
+    errors.report()
+
+    // printAst(programAst)
+
+    compilerOptions.compTarget.machine.initializeZeropage(compilerOptions)
+    val assembly = asmGeneratorFor(compilerOptions.compTarget,
+            programAst,
+            errors,
+            compilerOptions.compTarget.machine.zeropage,
+            compilerOptions,
+            outputDir).compileToAssembly()
+
+    return if(assembly.valid && errors.noErrors()) {
+        val assemblerReturnStatus = assembly.assemble(compilerOptions)
+        if(assemblerReturnStatus!=0)
+            WriteAssemblyResult.Fail("assembler step failed with return code $assemblerReturnStatus")
+        else {
+            errors.report()
+            WriteAssemblyResult.Ok(assembly.name)
+        }
+    } else {
+        errors.report()
+        WriteAssemblyResult.Fail("compiler failed with errors")
     }
 }
 
-fun loadAsmIncludeFile(filename: String, source: Path): String {
-    return if (filename.startsWith("library:")) {
-        val resource = tryGetEmbeddedResource(filename.substring(8))
-                ?: throw IllegalArgumentException("library file '$filename' not found")
-        resource.bufferedReader().use { it.readText() }
+fun printAst(programAst: Program) {
+    println()
+    val printer = AstToSourceCode(::print, programAst)
+    printer.visit(programAst)
+    println()
+}
+
+internal fun loadAsmIncludeFile(filename: String, source: SourceCode): Result<String, NoSuchFileException> {
+    return if (filename.startsWith(libraryFilePrefix)) {
+        return runCatching {
+            val stream = object {}.javaClass.getResourceAsStream("/prog8lib/${filename.substring(libraryFilePrefix.length)}") // TODO handle via SourceCode
+            stream!!.bufferedReader().use { r -> r.readText() }
+        }.mapError { NoSuchFileException(File(filename)) }
     } else {
         // first try in the isSameAs folder as where the containing file was imported from
-        val sib = source.resolveSibling(filename)
+        val sib = Path(source.origin).resolveSibling(filename)
+
         if (sib.toFile().isFile)
-            sib.toFile().readText()
+            Ok(sib.toFile().readText())
         else
-            File(filename).readText()
+            Ok(File(filename).readText())
     }
 }
-
-internal fun tryGetEmbeddedResource(name: String): InputStream? {
-    return object{}.javaClass.getResourceAsStream("/prog8lib/$name")
-}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/ErrorReporting.kt

@@ -1,9 +1,18 @@
-package prog8.ast.base
+package prog8.compiler
 
+import prog8.ast.base.Position
 import prog8.parser.ParsingFailedError
 
 
-class ErrorReporter {
+interface IErrorReporter {
+    fun err(msg: String, position: Position)
+    fun warn(msg: String, position: Position)
+    fun noErrors(): Boolean
+    fun report()
+}
+
+
+internal class ErrorReporter: IErrorReporter {
     private enum class MessageSeverity {
         WARNING,
         ERROR
@@ -13,10 +22,14 @@ class ErrorReporter {
     private val messages = mutableListOf<CompilerMessage>()
     private val alreadyReportedMessages = mutableSetOf<String>()
 
-    fun err(msg: String, position: Position) = messages.add(CompilerMessage(MessageSeverity.ERROR, msg, position))
-    fun warn(msg: String, position: Position) = messages.add(CompilerMessage(MessageSeverity.WARNING, msg, position))
+    override fun err(msg: String, position: Position) {
+        messages.add(CompilerMessage(MessageSeverity.ERROR, msg, position))
+    }
+    override fun warn(msg: String, position: Position) {
+        messages.add(CompilerMessage(MessageSeverity.WARNING, msg, position))
+    }
 
-    fun handle() {
+    override fun report() {
         var numErrors = 0
         var numWarnings = 0
         messages.forEach {
@@ -40,5 +53,5 @@ class ErrorReporter {
             throw ParsingFailedError("There are $numErrors errors and $numWarnings warnings.")
     }
 
-    fun isEmpty() = messages.isEmpty()
+    override fun noErrors() = messages.none { it.severity==MessageSeverity.ERROR }
 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/IStringEncoding.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package prog8.compiler
+
+interface IStringEncoding {
+    fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean): List<Short>
+    fun decodeString(bytes: List<Short>, altEncoding: Boolean): String
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/Main.kt

@@ -1,247 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.compiler
-
-import prog8.ast.AstToSourceCode
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.Directive
-import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
-import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
-import prog8.compiler.target.Cx16Target
-import prog8.optimizer.*
-import prog8.optimizer.UnusedCodeRemover
-import prog8.optimizer.constantFold
-import prog8.optimizer.optimizeStatements
-import prog8.optimizer.simplifyExpressions
-import prog8.parser.ModuleImporter
-import prog8.parser.ParsingFailedError
-import prog8.parser.moduleName
-import java.nio.file.Path
-import kotlin.system.exitProcess
-import kotlin.system.measureTimeMillis
-
-
-class CompilationResult(val success: Boolean,
-                        val programAst: Program,
-                        val programName: String,
-                        val importedFiles: List<Path>)
-
-
-fun compileProgram(filepath: Path,
-                   optimize: Boolean,
-                   writeAssembly: Boolean,
-                   slowCodegenWarnings: Boolean,
-                   compilationTarget: String,
-                   outputDir: Path): CompilationResult {
-    var programName = ""
-    lateinit var programAst: Program
-    lateinit var importedFiles: List<Path>
-    val errors = ErrorReporter()
-
-    when(compilationTarget) {
-        C64Target.name -> CompilationTarget.instance = C64Target
-        Cx16Target.name -> CompilationTarget.instance = Cx16Target
-        else -> {
-            System.err.println("invalid compilation target")
-            exitProcess(1)
-        }
-    }
-
-    try {
-        val totalTime = measureTimeMillis {
-            // import main module and everything it needs
-            val (ast, compilationOptions, imported) = parseImports(filepath, errors)
-            compilationOptions.slowCodegenWarnings = slowCodegenWarnings
-            compilationOptions.optimize = optimize
-            programAst = ast
-            importedFiles = imported
-            processAst(programAst, errors, compilationOptions)
-            if (compilationOptions.optimize)
-                optimizeAst(programAst, errors)
-            postprocessAst(programAst, errors, compilationOptions)
-
-            // printAst(programAst)
-
-            if(writeAssembly)
-                programName = writeAssembly(programAst, errors, outputDir, compilationOptions)
-        }
-        System.out.flush()
-        System.err.flush()
-        println("\nTotal compilation+assemble time: ${totalTime / 1000.0} sec.")
-        return CompilationResult(true, programAst, programName, importedFiles)
-
-    } catch (px: ParsingFailedError) {
-        System.err.print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
-        System.err.println(px.message)
-        System.err.print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
-    } catch (ax: AstException) {
-        System.err.print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
-        System.err.println(ax.toString())
-        System.err.print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
-    } catch (x: Exception) {
-        print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
-        println("\n* internal error *")
-        print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
-        System.out.flush()
-        throw x
-    } catch (x: NotImplementedError) {
-        print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
-        println("\n* internal error: missing feature/code *")
-        print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
-        System.out.flush()
-        throw x
-    }
-
-    return CompilationResult(false, Program("failed", mutableListOf()), programName, emptyList())
-}
-
-private fun parseImports(filepath: Path, errors: ErrorReporter): Triple<Program, CompilationOptions, List<Path>> {
-    println("Compiler target: ${CompilationTarget.instance.name}. Parsing...")
-    val importer = ModuleImporter()
-    val programAst = Program(moduleName(filepath.fileName), mutableListOf())
-    importer.importModule(programAst, filepath)
-    errors.handle()
-
-    val importedFiles = programAst.modules.filter { !it.source.startsWith("@embedded@") }.map { it.source }
-
-    val compilerOptions = determineCompilationOptions(programAst)
-    if (compilerOptions.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC && compilerOptions.output != OutputType.PRG)
-        throw ParsingFailedError("${programAst.modules.first().position} BASIC launcher requires output type PRG.")
-
-    // depending on the machine and compiler options we may have to include some libraries
-    CompilationTarget.instance.machine.importLibs(compilerOptions, importer, programAst)
-
-    // always import prog8_lib and math
-    importer.importLibraryModule(programAst, "math")
-    importer.importLibraryModule(programAst, "prog8_lib")
-    errors.handle()
-    return Triple(programAst, compilerOptions, importedFiles)
-}
-
-private fun determineCompilationOptions(program: Program): CompilationOptions {
-    val mainModule = program.modules.first()
-    val outputType = (mainModule.statements.singleOrNull { it is Directive && it.directive == "%output" }
-            as? Directive)?.args?.single()?.name?.toUpperCase()
-    val launcherType = (mainModule.statements.singleOrNull { it is Directive && it.directive == "%launcher" }
-            as? Directive)?.args?.single()?.name?.toUpperCase()
-    val zpoption: String? = (mainModule.statements.singleOrNull { it is Directive && it.directive == "%zeropage" }
-            as? Directive)?.args?.single()?.name?.toUpperCase()
-    val allOptions = program.modules.flatMap { it.statements }.filter { it is Directive && it.directive == "%option" }.flatMap { (it as Directive).args }.toSet()
-    val floatsEnabled = allOptions.any { it.name == "enable_floats" }
-    val noSysInit = allOptions.any { it.name == "no_sysinit" }
-    var zpType: ZeropageType =
-            if (zpoption == null)
-                if(floatsEnabled) ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE else ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE
-            else
-                try {
-                    ZeropageType.valueOf(zpoption)
-                } catch (x: IllegalArgumentException) {
-                    ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE
-                    // error will be printed by the astchecker
-                }
-
-    if (zpType==ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE && CompilationTarget.instance.name == Cx16Target.name) {
-        System.err.println("Warning: Cx16 target must use zp option basicsafe instead of floatsafe")
-        zpType = ZeropageType.BASICSAFE
-    }
-
-    val zpReserved = mainModule.statements
-            .asSequence()
-            .filter { it is Directive && it.directive == "%zpreserved" }
-            .map { (it as Directive).args }
-            .map { it[0].int!!..it[1].int!! }
-            .toList()
-
-    if(outputType!=null && !OutputType.values().any {it.name==outputType}) {
-        System.err.println("invalid output type $outputType")
-        exitProcess(1)
-    }
-    if(launcherType!=null && !LauncherType.values().any {it.name==launcherType}) {
-        System.err.println("invalid launcher type $launcherType")
-        exitProcess(1)
-    }
-
-    return CompilationOptions(
-            if (outputType == null) OutputType.PRG else OutputType.valueOf(outputType),
-            if (launcherType == null) LauncherType.BASIC else LauncherType.valueOf(launcherType),
-            zpType, zpReserved, floatsEnabled, noSysInit
-    )
-}
-
-private fun processAst(programAst: Program, errors: ErrorReporter, compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
-    // perform initial syntax checks and processings
-    println("Processing for target ${CompilationTarget.instance.name}...")
-    programAst.checkIdentifiers(errors)
-    errors.handle()
-    programAst.constantFold(errors)
-    errors.handle()
-    programAst.reorderStatements(errors)
-    errors.handle()
-    programAst.addTypecasts(errors)
-    errors.handle()
-    programAst.variousCleanups()
-    programAst.checkValid(compilerOptions, errors)
-    errors.handle()
-    programAst.checkIdentifiers(errors)
-    errors.handle()
-}
-
-private fun optimizeAst(programAst: Program, errors: ErrorReporter) {
-    // optimize the parse tree
-    println("Optimizing...")
-    while (true) {
-        // keep optimizing expressions and statements until no more steps remain
-        val optsDone1 = programAst.simplifyExpressions()
-        val optsDone2 = programAst.splitBinaryExpressions()
-        val optsDone3 = programAst.optimizeStatements(errors)
-        programAst.constantFold(errors) // because simplified statements and expressions can result in more constants that can be folded away
-        errors.handle()
-        if (optsDone1 + optsDone2 + optsDone3 == 0)
-            break
-    }
-
-    val remover = UnusedCodeRemover(programAst, errors)
-    remover.visit(programAst)
-    remover.applyModifications()
-    errors.handle()
-}
-
-private fun postprocessAst(programAst: Program, errors: ErrorReporter, compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
-    programAst.addTypecasts(errors)
-    errors.handle()
-    programAst.variousCleanups()
-    programAst.checkValid(compilerOptions, errors)          // check if final tree is still valid
-    errors.handle()
-    val callGraph = CallGraph(programAst)
-    callGraph.checkRecursiveCalls(errors)
-    errors.handle()
-    programAst.verifyFunctionArgTypes()
-    programAst.moveMainAndStartToFirst()
-}
-
-private fun writeAssembly(programAst: Program, errors: ErrorReporter, outputDir: Path,
-                          compilerOptions: CompilationOptions): String {
-    // asm generation directly from the Ast,
-    programAst.processAstBeforeAsmGeneration(errors)
-    errors.handle()
-
-    // printAst(programAst)
-
-    CompilationTarget.instance.machine.initializeZeropage(compilerOptions)
-    val assembly = CompilationTarget.instance.asmGenerator(
-            programAst,
-            errors,
-            CompilationTarget.instance.machine.zeropage,
-            compilerOptions,
-            outputDir).compileToAssembly()
-    assembly.assemble(compilerOptions)
-    errors.handle()
-    return assembly.name
-}
-
-fun printAst(programAst: Program) {
-    println()
-    val printer = AstToSourceCode(::print, programAst)
-    printer.visit(programAst)
-    println()
-}
-

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/ModuleImporter.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+package prog8.compiler
+
+import com.github.michaelbull.result.*
+import prog8.ast.Module
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.Position
+import prog8.ast.base.SyntaxError
+import prog8.ast.statements.Directive
+import prog8.ast.statements.DirectiveArg
+import prog8.parser.Prog8Parser
+import prog8.parser.SourceCode
+import java.io.File
+import java.nio.file.Path
+import kotlin.io.path.*
+
+
+class ModuleImporter(private val program: Program,
+                     private val compilationTargetName: String,
+                     val errors: IErrorReporter,
+                     sourceDirs: List<String>) {
+
+    private val sourcePaths: List<Path> = sourceDirs.map { Path(it) }
+
+    fun importModule(filePath: Path): Result<Module, NoSuchFileException> {
+        val currentDir = Path("").absolute()
+        val searchIn = listOf(currentDir) + sourcePaths
+        val candidates = searchIn
+            .map { it.absolute().div(filePath).normalize().absolute() }
+            .filter { it.exists() }
+            .map { currentDir.relativize(it) }
+            .map { if (it.isAbsolute) it else Path(".", "$it") }
+
+        val srcPath = when (candidates.size) {
+            0 -> return Err(NoSuchFileException(
+                    file = filePath.normalize().toFile(),
+                    reason = "searched in $searchIn"))
+            1 -> candidates.first()
+            else -> candidates.first()  // when more candiates, pick the one from the first location
+        }
+
+        val logMsg = "importing '${filePath.nameWithoutExtension}' (from file $srcPath)"
+        println(logMsg)
+
+        val module = importModule(SourceCode.File(srcPath))
+        return if(module==null)
+            Err(NoSuchFileException(srcPath.toFile()))
+        else
+            Ok(module)
+    }
+
+    fun importLibraryModule(name: String): Module? {
+        val import = Directive("%import", listOf(
+                DirectiveArg("", name, 42, position = Position("<<<implicit-import>>>", 0, 0, 0))
+        ), Position("<<<implicit-import>>>", 0, 0, 0))
+        return executeImportDirective(import, null)
+    }
+
+    private fun importModule(src: SourceCode) : Module? {
+        val moduleAst = Prog8Parser.parseModule(src)
+        program.addModule(moduleAst)
+
+        // accept additional imports
+        try {
+            val lines = moduleAst.statements.toMutableList()
+            lines.asSequence()
+                .mapIndexed { i, it -> i to it }
+                .filter { (it.second as? Directive)?.directive == "%import" }
+                .forEach { executeImportDirective(it.second as Directive, moduleAst) }
+            moduleAst.statements = lines
+            return moduleAst
+        } catch (x: Exception) {
+            // in case of error, make sure the module we're importing is no longer in the Ast
+            program.removeModule(moduleAst)
+            throw x
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun executeImportDirective(import: Directive, importingModule: Module?): Module? {
+        if(import.directive!="%import" || import.args.size!=1)
+            throw SyntaxError("invalid import directive", import.position)
+        if(!import.args[0].str.isNullOrEmpty() || import.args[0].name==null)
+            throw SyntaxError("%import requires unquoted module name", import.position)
+        val moduleName = import.args[0].name!!
+        if("$moduleName.p8" == import.position.file)
+            throw SyntaxError("cannot import self", import.position)
+
+        val existing = program.modules.singleOrNull { it.name == moduleName }
+        if (existing!=null)
+            return existing
+
+        // try internal library first
+        val moduleResourceSrc = getModuleFromResource("$moduleName.p8", compilationTargetName)
+        val importedModule =
+            moduleResourceSrc.fold(
+                success = {
+                    println("importing '$moduleName' (from internal ${it.origin})")
+                    importModule(it)
+                },
+                failure = {
+                    // try filesystem next
+                    val moduleSrc = getModuleFromFile(moduleName, importingModule)
+                    moduleSrc.fold(
+                        success = {
+                            println("importing '$moduleName' (from file ${it.origin})")
+                            importModule(it)
+                        },
+                        failure = {
+                            errors.err("no module found with name $moduleName", import.position)
+                            return null
+                        }
+                    )
+                }
+            )
+
+        if(importedModule!=null)
+            removeDirectivesFromImportedModule(importedModule)
+        return importedModule
+    }
+
+    private fun removeDirectivesFromImportedModule(importedModule: Module) {
+        // Most global directives don't apply for imported modules, so remove them
+        val moduleLevelDirectives = listOf("%output", "%launcher", "%zeropage", "%zpreserved", "%address")
+        var directives = importedModule.statements.filterIsInstance<Directive>()
+        importedModule.statements.removeAll(directives)
+        directives = directives.filter{ it.directive !in moduleLevelDirectives }
+        importedModule.statements.addAll(0, directives)
+    }
+
+    private fun getModuleFromResource(name: String, compilationTargetName: String): Result<SourceCode, NoSuchFileException> {
+        val result =
+            runCatching { SourceCode.Resource("/prog8lib/$compilationTargetName/$name") }
+            .orElse { runCatching { SourceCode.Resource("/prog8lib/$name") }  }
+
+        return result.mapError { NoSuchFileException(File(name)) }
+    }
+
+    private fun getModuleFromFile(name: String, importingModule: Module?): Result<SourceCode, NoSuchFileException> {
+        val fileName = "$name.p8"
+        val locations =
+            if (importingModule == null) { // <=> imported from library module
+                sourcePaths
+            } else {
+                val dropCurDir = if(sourcePaths.isNotEmpty() && sourcePaths[0].name == ".") 1 else 0
+                sourcePaths.drop(dropCurDir) +
+                // TODO: won't work until Prog8Parser is fixed s.t. it fully initializes the modules it returns. // hm, what won't work?)
+                listOf(Path(importingModule.position.file).parent ?: Path("")) +
+                listOf(Path(".", "prog8lib"))
+            }
+
+        locations.forEach {
+            try {
+                return Ok(SourceCode.File(it.resolve(fileName)))
+            } catch (e: NoSuchFileException) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        return Err(NoSuchFileException(File("name")))
+    }
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/Zeropage.kt

@@ -19,9 +19,31 @@ abstract class Zeropage(protected val options: CompilationOptions) {
 
     val allowedDatatypes = NumericDatatypes
 
-    fun available() = if(options.zeropage==ZeropageType.DONTUSE) 0 else free.size
+    fun availableBytes() = if(options.zeropage==ZeropageType.DONTUSE) 0 else free.size
+    fun hasByteAvailable() = if(options.zeropage==ZeropageType.DONTUSE) false else free.isNotEmpty()
+    fun availableWords(): Int {
+        if(options.zeropage==ZeropageType.DONTUSE)
+            return 0
 
-    fun allocate(scopedname: String, datatype: DataType, position: Position?, errors: ErrorReporter): Int {
+        val words = free.windowed(2).filter { it[0] == it[1]-1 }
+        var nonOverlappingWordsCount = 0
+        var prevMsbLoc = -1
+        for(w in words) {
+            if(w[0]!=prevMsbLoc) {
+                nonOverlappingWordsCount++
+                prevMsbLoc = w[1]
+            }
+        }
+        return nonOverlappingWordsCount
+    }
+    fun hasWordAvailable(): Boolean {
+        if(options.zeropage==ZeropageType.DONTUSE)
+            return false
+
+        return free.windowed(2).any { it[0] == it[1] - 1 }
+    }
+
+    fun allocate(scopedname: String, datatype: DataType, position: Position?, errors: IErrorReporter): Int {
         assert(scopedname.isEmpty() || !allocations.values.any { it.first==scopedname } ) {"scopedname can't be allocated twice"}
 
         if(options.zeropage==ZeropageType.DONTUSE)

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/AstChecker.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package prog8.ast.processing
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
 import prog8.ast.INameScope
 import prog8.ast.Module
@@ -6,17 +6,23 @@ import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
 import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
-import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
-import prog8.compiler.target.Cx16Target
-import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
-import prog8.functions.builtinFunctionReturnType
+import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compiler.ZeropageType
+import prog8.compiler.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.compiler.functions.builtinFunctionReturnType
+import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
+import java.io.CharConversionException
 import java.io.File
+import java.util.*
+import kotlin.io.path.*
 
 internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                           private val compilerOptions: CompilationOptions,
-                          private val errors: ErrorReporter) : IAstVisitor {
+                          private val errors: IErrorReporter,
+                          private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget
+) : IAstVisitor {
 
     override fun visit(program: Program) {
         assert(program === this.program)
@@ -37,17 +43,9 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             }
         }
 
-        // there can be an optional single 'irq' block with a 'irq' subroutine in it,
-        // which will be used as the 60hz irq routine in the vm if it's present
-        val irqBlocks = program.modules.flatMap { it.statements }.filter { it is Block && it.name=="irq" }.map { it as Block }
-        if(irqBlocks.size>1)
-            errors.err("more than one 'irq' block", irqBlocks[0].position)
-        for(irqBlock in irqBlocks) {
-            val irqSub = irqBlock.subScope("irq") as? Subroutine
-            if (irqSub != null) {
-                if (irqSub.parameters.isNotEmpty() || irqSub.returntypes.isNotEmpty())
-                    errors.err("irq entrypoint subroutine can't have parameters and/or return values", irqSub.position)
-            }
+        if(compilerOptions.floats) {
+            if (compilerOptions.zeropage !in arrayOf(ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE ))
+                errors.err("when floats are enabled, zero page type should be 'floatsafe' or 'basicsafe' or 'dontuse'", program.toplevelModule.position)
         }
 
         super.visit(program)
@@ -65,7 +63,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     override fun visit(returnStmt: Return) {
-        val expectedReturnValues = returnStmt.definingSubroutine()?.returntypes ?: emptyList()
+        val expectedReturnValues = returnStmt.definingSubroutine?.returntypes ?: emptyList()
         if(expectedReturnValues.size>1) {
             throw FatalAstException("cannot use a return with one value in a subroutine that has multiple return values: $returnStmt")
         }
@@ -79,9 +77,9 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         if(expectedReturnValues.size==1 && returnStmt.value!=null) {
             val valueDt = returnStmt.value!!.inferType(program)
             if(!valueDt.isKnown) {
-                errors.err("return value type mismatch", returnStmt.value!!.position)
+                errors.err("return value type mismatch or unknown symbol", returnStmt.value!!.position)
             } else {
-                if (expectedReturnValues[0] != valueDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT))
+                if (expectedReturnValues[0] != valueDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED))
                     errors.err("type $valueDt of return value doesn't match subroutine's return type ${expectedReturnValues[0]}", returnStmt.value!!.position)
             }
         }
@@ -89,17 +87,29 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     override fun visit(ifStatement: IfStatement) {
-        if(ifStatement.condition.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) !in IntegerDatatypes)
+        if(!ifStatement.condition.inferType(program).isInteger)
             errors.err("condition value should be an integer type", ifStatement.condition.position)
         super.visit(ifStatement)
     }
 
     override fun visit(forLoop: ForLoop) {
-        val iterableDt = forLoop.iterable.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.BYTE)
+
+        fun checkUnsignedLoopDownto0(range: RangeExpr?) {
+            if(range==null)
+                return
+            val step = range.step.constValue(program)?.number?.toDouble() ?: 1.0
+            if(step < -1.0) {
+                val limit = range.to.constValue(program)?.number?.toDouble()
+                if(limit==0.0 && range.from.constValue(program)==null)
+                    errors.err("for unsigned loop variable it's not possible to count down with step != -1 from a non-const value to exactly zero due to value wrapping", forLoop.position)
+            }
+        }
+
+        val iterableDt = forLoop.iterable.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.BYTE)
         if(iterableDt !in IterableDatatypes && forLoop.iterable !is RangeExpr) {
             errors.err("can only loop over an iterable type", forLoop.position)
         } else {
-            val loopvar = forLoop.loopVar.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
+            val loopvar = forLoop.loopVar.targetVarDecl(program)
             if(loopvar==null || loopvar.type== VarDeclType.CONST) {
                 errors.err("for loop requires a variable to loop with", forLoop.position)
             } else {
@@ -107,11 +117,15 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                     DataType.UBYTE -> {
                         if(iterableDt!= DataType.UBYTE && iterableDt!= DataType.ARRAY_UB && iterableDt != DataType.STR)
                             errors.err("ubyte loop variable can only loop over unsigned bytes or strings", forLoop.position)
+
+                        checkUnsignedLoopDownto0(forLoop.iterable as? RangeExpr)
                     }
                     DataType.UWORD -> {
                         if(iterableDt!= DataType.UBYTE && iterableDt!= DataType.UWORD && iterableDt != DataType.STR &&
                                 iterableDt != DataType.ARRAY_UB && iterableDt!= DataType.ARRAY_UW)
                             errors.err("uword loop variable can only loop over unsigned bytes, words or strings", forLoop.position)
+
+                        checkUnsignedLoopDownto0(forLoop.iterable as? RangeExpr)
                     }
                     DataType.BYTE -> {
                         if(iterableDt!= DataType.BYTE && iterableDt!= DataType.ARRAY_B)
@@ -123,11 +137,14 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                             errors.err("word loop variable can only loop over bytes or words", forLoop.position)
                     }
                     DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                        // Looping over float variables is very inefficient because the loopvar is going to
+                        // get copied over with new values all the time. We don't support this for now.
+                        // Loop with an integer index variable if you really need to... or write different code.
                         errors.err("for loop only supports integers", forLoop.position)
                     }
                     else -> errors.err("loop variable must be numeric type", forLoop.position)
                 }
-                if(errors.isEmpty()) {
+                if(errors.noErrors()) {
                     // check loop range values
                     val range = forLoop.iterable as? RangeExpr
                     if(range!=null) {
@@ -135,11 +152,11 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                         val to = range.to as? NumericLiteralValue
                         if(from != null)
                             checkValueTypeAndRange(loopvar.datatype, from)
-                        else if(!range.from.inferType(program).istype(loopvar.datatype))
+                        else if(range.from.inferType(program) isnot loopvar.datatype)
                             errors.err("range start value is incompatible with loop variable type", range.position)
                         if(to != null)
                             checkValueTypeAndRange(loopvar.datatype, to)
-                        else if(!range.to.inferType(program).istype(loopvar.datatype))
+                        else if(range.to.inferType(program) isnot loopvar.datatype)
                             errors.err("range end value is incompatible with loop variable type", range.position)
                     }
                 }
@@ -149,22 +166,26 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         super.visit(forLoop)
     }
 
+
     override fun visit(jump: Jump) {
-        if(jump.identifier!=null) {
-            val targetStatement = checkFunctionOrLabelExists(jump.identifier, jump)
+        val ident = jump.identifier
+        if(ident!=null) {
+            val targetStatement = checkFunctionOrLabelExists(ident, jump)
             if(targetStatement!=null) {
                 if(targetStatement is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder)
                     errors.err("can't jump to a builtin function", jump.position)
             }
         }
 
-        if(jump.address!=null && (jump.address < 0 || jump.address > 65535))
+        val addr = jump.address
+        if(addr!=null && (addr < 0 || addr > 65535))
             errors.err("jump address must be valid integer 0..\$ffff", jump.position)
         super.visit(jump)
     }
 
     override fun visit(block: Block) {
-        if(block.address!=null && (block.address<0 || block.address>65535)) {
+        val addr = block.address
+        if(addr!=null && (addr<0 || addr>65535)) {
             errors.err("block memory address must be valid integer 0..\$ffff", block.position)
         }
 
@@ -180,7 +201,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                 else -> false
             }
             if (!ok) {
-                errors.err("statement occurs in a block, where it will never be executed. Use it in a subroutine instead.", statement.position)
+                errors.err("non-declarative statement occurs in block scope, where it will never be executed. Move it to a subroutine instead.", statement.position)
                 break
             }
         }
@@ -196,6 +217,28 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         super.visit(label)
     }
 
+    private fun hasReturnOrJump(scope: INameScope): Boolean {
+        class Searcher: IAstVisitor
+        {
+            var count=0
+
+            override fun visit(returnStmt: Return) {
+                count++
+            }
+            override fun visit(jump: Jump) {
+                count++
+            }
+        }
+
+        val s=Searcher()
+        for(stmt in scope.statements) {
+            stmt.accept(s)
+            if(s.count>0)
+                return true
+        }
+        return s.count > 0
+    }
+
     override fun visit(subroutine: Subroutine) {
         fun err(msg: String) = errors.err(msg, subroutine.position)
 
@@ -209,13 +252,6 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         if(uniqueNames.size!=subroutine.parameters.size)
             err("parameter names must be unique")
 
-        if(subroutine.inline) {
-            if (subroutine.containsDefinedVariables())
-                err("can't inline a subroutine that defines variables")
-            if (!subroutine.isAsmSubroutine && subroutine.parameters.isNotEmpty())
-                err("can't inline a non-asm subroutine that has parameters")
-        }
-
         super.visit(subroutine)
 
         // user-defined subroutines can only have zero or one return type
@@ -224,21 +260,22 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             err("subroutines can only have one return value")
 
         // subroutine must contain at least one 'return' or 'goto'
-        // (or if it has an asm block, that must contain a 'rts' or 'jmp')
-        if(subroutine.statements.count { it is Return || it is Jump } == 0) {
+        // (or if it has an asm block, that must contain a 'rts' or 'jmp' or 'bra')
+        if(!hasReturnOrJump(subroutine)) {
             if (subroutine.amountOfRtsInAsm() == 0) {
                 if (subroutine.returntypes.isNotEmpty()) {
                     // for asm subroutines with an address, no statement check is possible.
                     if (subroutine.asmAddress == null && !subroutine.inline)
-                        err("non-inline subroutine has result value(s) and thus must have at least one 'return' or 'goto' in it (or 'rts' / 'jmp' in case of %asm)")
+                        err("non-inline subroutine has result value(s) and thus must have at least one 'return' or 'goto' in it (or rts/jmp/bra in case of %asm)")
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        // scope check
-        if(subroutine.parent !is Block && subroutine.parent !is Subroutine) {
+        if(subroutine.inline && !subroutine.isAsmSubroutine)
+            err("subroutine inlining is currently only supported on asmsub routines")
+
+        if(subroutine.parent !is Block && subroutine.parent !is Subroutine)
             err("subroutines can only be defined in the scope of a block or within another subroutine")
-        }
 
         if(subroutine.isAsmSubroutine) {
             if(subroutine.asmParameterRegisters.size != subroutine.parameters.size)
@@ -246,11 +283,11 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             if(subroutine.asmReturnvaluesRegisters.size != subroutine.returntypes.size)
                 err("number of return registers is not the isSameAs as number of return values")
             for(param in subroutine.parameters.zip(subroutine.asmParameterRegisters)) {
-                if(param.second.registerOrPair in setOf(RegisterOrPair.A, RegisterOrPair.X, RegisterOrPair.Y)) {
+                if(param.second.registerOrPair in arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.A, RegisterOrPair.X, RegisterOrPair.Y)) {
                     if (param.first.type != DataType.UBYTE && param.first.type != DataType.BYTE)
                         err("parameter '${param.first.name}' should be (u)byte")
                 }
-                else if(param.second.registerOrPair in setOf(RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY, RegisterOrPair.XY)) {
+                else if(param.second.registerOrPair in arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY, RegisterOrPair.XY)) {
                     if (param.first.type != DataType.UWORD && param.first.type != DataType.WORD
                             && param.first.type != DataType.STR && param.first.type !in ArrayDatatypes && param.first.type != DataType.FLOAT)
                         err("parameter '${param.first.name}' should be (u)word/address")
@@ -261,11 +298,11 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                 }
             }
             subroutine.returntypes.zip(subroutine.asmReturnvaluesRegisters).forEachIndexed { index, pair ->
-                if(pair.second.registerOrPair in setOf(RegisterOrPair.A, RegisterOrPair.X, RegisterOrPair.Y)) {
+                if(pair.second.registerOrPair in arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.A, RegisterOrPair.X, RegisterOrPair.Y)) {
                     if (pair.first != DataType.UBYTE && pair.first != DataType.BYTE)
                         err("return value #${index + 1} should be (u)byte")
                 }
-                else if(pair.second.registerOrPair in setOf(RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY, RegisterOrPair.XY)) {
+                else if(pair.second.registerOrPair in arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY, RegisterOrPair.XY)) {
                     if (pair.first != DataType.UWORD && pair.first != DataType.WORD
                             && pair.first != DataType.STR && pair.first !in ArrayDatatypes && pair.first != DataType.FLOAT)
                         err("return value #${index + 1} should be (u)word/address")
@@ -315,9 +352,11 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                         RegisterOrPair.R13,
                         RegisterOrPair.R14,
                         RegisterOrPair.R15 -> { /* no sensible way to count this */ }
-                        null ->
-                            if(p.statusflag!=null)
-                                statusflagCounts[p.statusflag] = statusflagCounts.getValue(p.statusflag) + 1
+                        null -> {
+                            val statusf = p.statusflag
+                            if (statusf != null)
+                                statusflagCounts[statusf] = statusflagCounts.getValue(statusf) + 1
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -342,10 +381,6 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             if(statusFlagsNoCarry.isNotEmpty())
                 err("can only use Carry as status flag parameter")
 
-            val carryParameter = subroutine.asmParameterRegisters.singleOrNull { it.statusflag==Statusflag.Pc }
-            if(carryParameter!=null && carryParameter !== subroutine.asmParameterRegisters.last())
-                err("carry parameter has to come last")
-
         } else {
             // Pass-by-reference datatypes can not occur as parameters to a subroutine directly
             // Instead, their reference (address) should be passed (as an UWORD).
@@ -356,13 +391,13 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     override fun visit(untilLoop: UntilLoop) {
-        if(untilLoop.condition.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) !in IntegerDatatypes)
+        if(!untilLoop.condition.inferType(program).isInteger)
             errors.err("condition value should be an integer type", untilLoop.condition.position)
         super.visit(untilLoop)
     }
 
     override fun visit(whileLoop: WhileLoop) {
-        if(whileLoop.condition.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) !in IntegerDatatypes)
+        if(!whileLoop.condition.inferType(program).isInteger)
             errors.err("condition value should be an integer type", whileLoop.condition.position)
         super.visit(whileLoop)
     }
@@ -376,53 +411,29 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
 
     override fun visit(assignment: Assignment) {
         if(assignment.value is FunctionCall) {
-            val stmt = (assignment.value as FunctionCall).target.targetStatement(program.namespace)
+            val stmt = (assignment.value as FunctionCall).target.targetStatement(program)
             if (stmt is Subroutine) {
                 val idt = assignment.target.inferType(program)
                 if(!idt.isKnown) {
                      errors.err("return type mismatch", assignment.value.position)
                 }
-                if(stmt.returntypes.size <= 1 && stmt.returntypes.single() isNotAssignableTo idt.typeOrElse(DataType.BYTE)) {
+                if(stmt.returntypes.isEmpty() || (stmt.returntypes.size == 1 && stmt.returntypes.single() isNotAssignableTo idt.getOr(DataType.BYTE))) {
                     errors.err("return type mismatch", assignment.value.position)
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        val targetIdent = assignment.target.identifier
-        if(targetIdent!=null) {
-            val targetVar = targetIdent.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
-            if(targetVar?.struct != null) {
-                val sourceStructLv = assignment.value as? ArrayLiteralValue
-                if (sourceStructLv != null) {
-                    if (sourceStructLv.value.size != targetVar.struct?.numberOfElements)
-                        errors.err("number of elements doesn't match struct definition", sourceStructLv.position)
-                } else {
-                    val sourceIdent = assignment.value as? IdentifierReference
-                    if (sourceIdent != null) {
-                        val sourceVar = sourceIdent.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
-                        if (sourceVar?.struct != null) {
-                            if (sourceVar.struct !== targetVar.struct)
-                                errors.err("assignment of different struct types", assignment.position)
-                        } else if(sourceVar?.isArray==true) {
-                            if((sourceVar.value as ArrayLiteralValue).value.size != targetVar.struct?.numberOfElements)
-                                errors.err("number of elements doesn't match struct definition", sourceVar.position)
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
         val targetDt = assignment.target.inferType(program)
         val valueDt = assignment.value.inferType(program)
         if(valueDt.isKnown && !(valueDt isAssignableTo targetDt)) {
-            if(targetDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) in IterableDatatypes)
+            if(targetDt.isIterable)
                 errors.err("cannot assign value to string or array", assignment.value.position)
-            else if(!(valueDt.istype(DataType.STR) && targetDt.istype(DataType.UWORD)))
-                errors.err("value's type doesn't match target", assignment.value.position)
+            else if(!(valueDt istype DataType.STR && targetDt istype DataType.UWORD))
+                errors.err("type of value doesn't match target", assignment.value.position)
         }
 
         if(assignment.value is TypecastExpression) {
-            if(assignment.isAugmentable && targetDt.istype(DataType.FLOAT))
+            if(assignment.isAugmentable && targetDt istype DataType.FLOAT)
                 errors.err("typecasting a float value in-place makes no sense", assignment.value.position)
         }
 
@@ -471,15 +482,15 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             if (targetDatatype.isKnown) {
                 val constVal = assignment.value.constValue(program)
                 if (constVal != null) {
-                    checkValueTypeAndRange(targetDatatype.typeOrElse(DataType.BYTE), constVal)
+                    checkValueTypeAndRange(targetDatatype.getOr(DataType.BYTE), constVal)
                 } else {
                     val sourceDatatype = assignment.value.inferType(program)
                     if (sourceDatatype.isUnknown) {
                         if (assignment.value !is FunctionCall)
                             errors.err("assignment value is invalid or has no proper datatype", assignment.value.position)
                     } else {
-                        checkAssignmentCompatible(targetDatatype.typeOrElse(DataType.BYTE), assignTarget,
-                                sourceDatatype.typeOrElse(DataType.BYTE), assignment.value, assignment.position)
+                        checkAssignmentCompatible(targetDatatype.getOr(DataType.BYTE), assignTarget,
+                                sourceDatatype.getOr(DataType.BYTE), assignment.value, assignment.position)
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -487,13 +498,9 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     override fun visit(addressOf: AddressOf) {
-        val variable=addressOf.identifier.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
-        if(variable!=null
-            && variable.datatype !in ArrayDatatypes
-            && variable.type!=VarDeclType.MEMORY
-            && variable.struct == null
-            && variable.datatype != DataType.STR && variable.datatype!=DataType.STRUCT)
-                errors.err("invalid pointer-of operand type", addressOf.position)
+        val variable=addressOf.identifier.targetVarDecl(program)
+        if(variable!=null && variable.type==VarDeclType.CONST)
+            errors.err("invalid pointer-of operand type", addressOf.position)
         super.visit(addressOf)
     }
 
@@ -501,7 +508,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         fun err(msg: String, position: Position?=null) = errors.err(msg, position ?: decl.position)
 
         // the initializer value can't refer to the variable itself (recursive definition)
-        if(decl.value?.referencesIdentifier(decl.name) == true || decl.arraysize?.indexVar?.referencesIdentifier(decl.name) == true)
+        if(decl.value?.referencesIdentifier(decl.name) == true || decl.arraysize?.indexExpr?.referencesIdentifier(decl.name) == true)
             err("recursive var declaration")
 
         // CONST can only occur on simple types (byte, word, float)
@@ -511,7 +518,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         }
 
         // FLOATS enabled?
-        if(!compilerOptions.floats && decl.datatype in setOf(DataType.FLOAT, DataType.ARRAY_F) && decl.type!= VarDeclType.MEMORY)
+        if(!compilerOptions.floats && decl.datatype.oneOf(DataType.FLOAT, DataType.ARRAY_F) && decl.type!= VarDeclType.MEMORY)
             err("floating point used, but that is not enabled via options")
 
         if(decl.datatype == DataType.FLOAT && (decl.zeropage==ZeropageWish.REQUIRE_ZEROPAGE || decl.zeropage==ZeropageWish.PREFER_ZEROPAGE))
@@ -535,17 +542,6 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
 
         when(decl.type) {
             VarDeclType.VAR, VarDeclType.CONST -> {
-                if(decl.datatype==DataType.STRUCT) {
-                    if(decl.struct==null)
-                        throw FatalAstException("struct vardecl should be linked to its struct $decl")
-                    if(decl.zeropage==ZeropageWish.PREFER_ZEROPAGE || decl.zeropage==ZeropageWish.REQUIRE_ZEROPAGE)
-                        err("struct can not be in zeropage")
-                }
-                if(decl.struct!=null) {
-                    if(decl.zeropage==ZeropageWish.PREFER_ZEROPAGE || decl.zeropage==ZeropageWish.REQUIRE_ZEROPAGE)
-                        err("struct can not be in zeropage")
-                }
-
                 when(decl.value) {
                     null -> {
                         // a vardecl without an initial value, don't bother with it
@@ -555,30 +551,8 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                         checkValueTypeAndRangeString(decl.datatype, decl.value as StringLiteralValue)
                     }
                     is ArrayLiteralValue -> {
-                        if(decl.datatype==DataType.STRUCT) {
-                            val struct = decl.struct!!
-                            val structLv = decl.value as ArrayLiteralValue
-                            if(struct.numberOfElements != structLv.value.size) {
-                                errors.err("struct value has incorrect number of elements", structLv.position)
-                                return
-                            }
-                            for(value in structLv.value.zip(struct.statements)) {
-                                val memberdecl = value.second as VarDecl
-                                val constValue = value.first.constValue(program)
-                                if(constValue==null) {
-                                    errors.err("struct literal value for field '${memberdecl.name}' should consist of compile-time constants", value.first.position)
-                                    return
-                                }
-                                val memberDt = memberdecl.datatype
-                                if(!checkValueTypeAndRange(memberDt, constValue)) {
-                                    errors.err("struct member value's type is not compatible with member field '${memberdecl.name}'", value.first.position)
-                                    return
-                                }
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            val arraySpec = decl.arraysize ?: ArrayIndex.forArray(decl.value as ArrayLiteralValue)
-                            checkValueTypeAndRangeArray(decl.datatype, decl.struct, arraySpec, decl.value as ArrayLiteralValue)
-                        }
+                        val arraySpec = decl.arraysize ?: ArrayIndex.forArray(decl.value as ArrayLiteralValue)
+                        checkValueTypeAndRangeArray(decl.datatype, arraySpec, decl.value as ArrayLiteralValue)
                     }
                     is NumericLiteralValue -> {
                         checkValueTypeAndRange(decl.datatype, decl.value as NumericLiteralValue)
@@ -593,8 +567,9 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                 }
             }
             VarDeclType.MEMORY -> {
-                if(decl.arraysize!=null) {
-                    val arraySize = decl.arraysize!!.constIndex() ?: 1
+                val arraysize = decl.arraysize
+                if(arraysize!=null) {
+                    val arraySize = arraysize.constIndex() ?: 1
                     when(decl.datatype) {
                         DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UB ->
                             if(arraySize > 256)
@@ -608,10 +583,9 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                         else -> {}
                     }
                 }
-
-                if(decl.value is NumericLiteralValue) {
-                    val value = decl.value as NumericLiteralValue
-                    if (value.type !in IntegerDatatypes || value.number.toInt() < 0 || value.number.toInt() > 65535) {
+                val numvalue = decl.value as? NumericLiteralValue
+                if(numvalue!=null) {
+                    if (numvalue.type !in IntegerDatatypes || numvalue.number.toInt() < 0 || numvalue.number.toInt() > 65535) {
                         err("memory address must be valid integer 0..\$ffff", decl.value?.position)
                     }
                 } else {
@@ -622,23 +596,16 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
 
         val declValue = decl.value
         if(declValue!=null && decl.type==VarDeclType.VAR) {
-            if(decl.datatype==DataType.STRUCT) {
-                val valueIdt = declValue.inferType(program)
-                if(!valueIdt.isKnown)
-                    throw AstException("unknown dt")
-                val valueDt = valueIdt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
-                if(valueDt !in ArrayDatatypes)
-                    err("initialisation of struct should be with array value", declValue.position)
-            } else if (!declValue.inferType(program).istype(decl.datatype)) {
+            if (declValue.inferType(program) isnot decl.datatype) {
                 err("initialisation value has incompatible type (${declValue.inferType(program)}) for the variable (${decl.datatype})", declValue.position)
             }
         }
 
         // array length limits and constant lenghts
         if(decl.isArray) {
-            val length = decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()
+            val length = decl.arraysize?.constIndex()
             if(length==null)
-                err("array length must be a constant")
+                err("array length must be known at compile-time")
             else {
                 when (decl.datatype) {
                     DataType.STR, DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
@@ -720,20 +687,20 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             }
             "%breakpoint" -> {
                 if(directive.parent !is INameScope || directive.parent is Module)
-                    err("this directive may only occur in a block")
+                    err("this directive can't be used here")
                 if(directive.args.isNotEmpty())
                     err("invalid breakpoint directive, expected no arguments")
             }
             "%asminclude" -> {
                 if(directive.parent !is INameScope || directive.parent is Module)
-                    err("this directive may only occur in a block")
-                if(directive.args.size!=2 || directive.args[0].str==null || directive.args[1].str==null)
-                    err("invalid asminclude directive, expected arguments: \"filename\", \"scopelabel\"")
+                    err("this directive can't be used here")
+                if(directive.args.size!=1 || directive.args[0].str==null)
+                    err("invalid asminclude directive, expected argument: \"filename\"")
                 checkFileExists(directive, directive.args[0].str!!)
             }
             "%asmbinary" -> {
                 if(directive.parent !is INameScope || directive.parent is Module)
-                    err("this directive may only occur in a block")
+                    err("this directive can't be used here")
                 val errormsg = "invalid asmbinary directive, expected arguments: \"filename\" [, offset [, length ] ]"
                 if(directive.args.isEmpty()) err(errormsg)
                 else if(directive.args.isNotEmpty() && directive.args[0].str==null) err(errormsg)
@@ -747,42 +714,42 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                     err("this directive may only occur in a block or at module level")
                 if(directive.args.isEmpty())
                     err("missing option directive argument(s)")
-                else if(directive.args.map{it.name in setOf("enable_floats", "force_output", "no_sysinit")}.any { !it })
+                else if(directive.args.map{it.name in arrayOf("enable_floats", "force_output", "no_sysinit", "align_word", "align_page")}.any { !it })
                     err("invalid option directive argument(s)")
             }
-            "%target" -> {
-                if(directive.parent !is Block && directive.parent !is Module)
-                    err("this directive may only occur in a block or at module level")
-                if(directive.args.size != 1)
-                    err("directive requires one argument")
-                if(directive.args.single().name !in setOf(C64Target.name, Cx16Target.name))
-                    err("invalid compilation target")
-            }
             else -> throw SyntaxError("invalid directive ${directive.directive}", directive.position)
         }
         super.visit(directive)
     }
 
     private fun checkFileExists(directive: Directive, filename: String) {
-        var definingModule = directive.parent
-        while (definingModule !is Module)
-            definingModule = definingModule.parent
-        if (!(filename.startsWith("library:") || definingModule.source.resolveSibling(filename).toFile().isFile || File(filename).isFile))
+        if (File(filename).isFile)
+            return
+
+        val definingModule = directive.definingModule
+        if (definingModule.isLibrary || !definingModule.source.isFromFilesystem)
+            return
+
+        val s = definingModule.source.origin
+        val sourceFileCandidate = Path(s).resolveSibling(filename).toFile()
+        if (sourceFileCandidate.isFile)
+            return
+        else
             errors.err("included file not found: $filename", directive.position)
     }
 
     override fun visit(array: ArrayLiteralValue) {
         if(array.type.isKnown) {
-            if (!compilerOptions.floats && array.type.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) in setOf(DataType.FLOAT, DataType.ARRAY_F)) {
+            if (!compilerOptions.floats && array.type.oneOf(DataType.FLOAT, DataType.ARRAY_F)) {
                 errors.err("floating point used, but that is not enabled via options", array.position)
             }
             val arrayspec = ArrayIndex.forArray(array)
-            checkValueTypeAndRangeArray(array.type.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT), null, arrayspec, array)
+            checkValueTypeAndRangeArray(array.type.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), arrayspec, array)
         }
 
         fun isPassByReferenceElement(e: Expression): Boolean {
             if(e is IdentifierReference) {
-                val decl = e.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+                val decl = e.targetVarDecl(program)!!
                 return decl.datatype in PassByReferenceDatatypes
             }
             return e is StringLiteralValue
@@ -790,7 +757,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
 
         if(array.parent is VarDecl) {
             if (!array.value.all { it is NumericLiteralValue || it is AddressOf || isPassByReferenceElement(it) })
-                errors.err("array literal for variable initialization contains invalid types", array.position)
+                errors.err("array literal for variable initialization contains non-constant elements", array.position)
         } else if(array.parent is ForLoop) {
             if (!array.value.all { it.constValue(program) != null })
                 errors.err("array literal for iteration must contain constants. Try using a separate array variable instead?", array.position)
@@ -799,8 +766,25 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         super.visit(array)
     }
 
+    override fun visit(char: CharLiteral) {
+        try {  // just *try* if it can be encoded, don't actually do it
+            compTarget.encodeString(char.value.toString(), char.altEncoding)
+        } catch (cx: CharConversionException) {
+            errors.err(cx.message ?: "can't encode character", char.position)
+        }
+
+        super.visit(char)
+    }
+
     override fun visit(string: StringLiteralValue) {
         checkValueTypeAndRangeString(DataType.STR, string)
+
+        try {  // just *try* if it can be encoded, don't actually do it
+            compTarget.encodeString(string.value, string.altEncoding)
+        } catch (cx: CharConversionException) {
+            errors.err(cx.message ?: "can't encode string", string.position)
+        }
+
         super.visit(string)
     }
 
@@ -809,7 +793,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         if(!idt.isKnown)
             return  // any error should be reported elsewhere
 
-        val dt = idt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+        val dt = idt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
         if(expr.operator=="-") {
             if (dt != DataType.BYTE && dt != DataType.WORD && dt != DataType.FLOAT) {
                 errors.err("can only take negative of a signed number type", expr.position)
@@ -834,8 +818,8 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         if(!leftIDt.isKnown || !rightIDt.isKnown)
             return     // hopefully this error will be detected elsewhere
 
-        val leftDt = leftIDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
-        val rightDt = rightIDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+        val leftDt = leftIDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
+        val rightDt = rightIDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
 
         when(expr.operator){
             "/", "%" -> {
@@ -931,16 +915,16 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         // warn about sgn(unsigned) this is likely a mistake
         if(functionCall.target.nameInSource.last()=="sgn") {
             val sgnArgType = functionCall.args.first().inferType(program)
-            if(sgnArgType.istype(DataType.UBYTE) || sgnArgType.istype(DataType.UWORD))
+            if(sgnArgType istype DataType.UBYTE  || sgnArgType istype DataType.UWORD)
                 errors.warn("sgn() of unsigned type is always 0 or 1, this is perhaps not what was intended", functionCall.args.first().position)
         }
 
-        val error = VerifyFunctionArgTypes.checkTypes(functionCall, functionCall.definingScope(), program)
+        val error = VerifyFunctionArgTypes.checkTypes(functionCall, program)
         if(error!=null)
             errors.err(error, functionCall.position)
 
         // check the functions that return multiple returnvalues.
-        val stmt = functionCall.target.targetStatement(program.namespace)
+        val stmt = functionCall.target.targetStatement(program)
         if (stmt is Subroutine) {
             if (stmt.returntypes.size > 1) {
                 // Currently, it's only possible to handle ONE (or zero) return values from a subroutine.
@@ -961,6 +945,20 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             }
         }
 
+        // functions that don't return a value, can't be used in an expression or assignment
+        if(targetStatement is Subroutine) {
+            if(targetStatement.returntypes.isEmpty()) {
+                if(functionCall.parent is Expression || functionCall.parent is Assignment)
+                    errors.err("subroutine doesn't return a value", functionCall.position)
+            }
+        }
+        else if(targetStatement is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder) {
+            if(builtinFunctionReturnType(targetStatement.name, functionCall.args, program).isUnknown) {
+                if(functionCall.parent is Expression || functionCall.parent is Assignment)
+                    errors.err("function doesn't return a value", functionCall.position)
+            }
+        }
+
         super.visit(functionCall)
     }
 
@@ -986,19 +984,20 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         if(functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource.last() == "sort") {
             // sort is not supported on float arrays
             val idref = functionCallStatement.args.singleOrNull() as? IdentifierReference
-            if(idref!=null && idref.inferType(program).istype(DataType.ARRAY_F)) {
+            if(idref!=null && idref.inferType(program) istype DataType.ARRAY_F) {
                 errors.err("sorting a floating point array is not supported", functionCallStatement.args.first().position)
             }
         }
 
-        if(functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource.last() in setOf("rol", "ror", "rol2", "ror2", "swap", "sort", "reverse")) {
+        if(functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource.last() in arrayOf("rol", "ror", "rol2", "ror2", "swap", "sort", "reverse")) {
             // in-place modification, can't be done on literals
             if(functionCallStatement.args.any { it !is IdentifierReference && it !is ArrayIndexedExpression && it !is DirectMemoryRead }) {
                 errors.err("invalid argument to a in-place modifying function", functionCallStatement.args.first().position)
             }
         }
 
-        val error = VerifyFunctionArgTypes.checkTypes(functionCallStatement, functionCallStatement.definingScope(), program)
+        val error =
+            VerifyFunctionArgTypes.checkTypes(functionCallStatement, program)
         if(error!=null) {
             errors.err(error, functionCallStatement.args.firstOrNull()?.position ?: functionCallStatement.position)
         }
@@ -1012,7 +1011,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
 
         if(target is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder) {
             if(target.name=="swap") {
-                // swap() is a bit weird because this one is translated into a operations directly, instead of being a function call
+                // swap() is a bit weird because this one is translated into an operations directly, instead of being a function call
                 val dt1 = args[0].inferType(program)
                 val dt2 = args[1].inferType(program)
                 if (dt1 != dt2)
@@ -1021,14 +1020,14 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                     errors.err("swap requires 2 variables, not constant value(s)", position)
                 else if(args[0] isSameAs args[1])
                     errors.err("swap should have 2 different args", position)
-                else if(dt1.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) !in NumericDatatypes)
+                else if(!dt1.isNumeric)
                     errors.err("swap requires args of numerical type", position)
             }
             else if(target.name=="all" || target.name=="any") {
-                if((args[0] as? AddressOf)?.identifier?.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)?.datatype == DataType.STR) {
+                if((args[0] as? AddressOf)?.identifier?.targetVarDecl(program)?.datatype == DataType.STR) {
                     errors.err("any/all on a string is useless (is always true unless the string is empty)", position)
                 }
-                if(args[0].inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STR) == DataType.STR) {
+                if(args[0].inferType(program).getOr(DataType.STR) == DataType.STR) {
                     errors.err("any/all on a string is useless (is always true unless the string is empty)", position)
                 }
             }
@@ -1039,6 +1038,28 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                     if (!argIDt.isKnown)
                         return
                 }
+
+                // check that cx16 virtual registers aren't used as arguments in a conflicting way
+                val params = target.asmParameterRegisters.withIndex().toList()
+                for(arg in args.withIndex()) {
+                    var ident: IdentifierReference? = null
+                    if(arg.value is IdentifierReference)
+                        ident = arg.value as IdentifierReference
+                    else if(arg.value is FunctionCall) {
+                        val fcall = arg.value as FunctionCall
+                        if(fcall.target.nameInSource == listOf("lsb") || fcall.target.nameInSource == listOf("msb"))
+                            ident = fcall.args[0] as? IdentifierReference
+                    }
+                    if(ident!=null && ident.nameInSource[0] == "cx16" && ident.nameInSource[1].startsWith("r")) {
+                        val reg = RegisterOrPair.valueOf(ident.nameInSource[1].uppercase())
+                        val same = params.filter { it.value.registerOrPair==reg }
+                        for(s in same) {
+                            if(s.index!=arg.index) {
+                                errors.err("conflicting register $reg used as argument but is also a target register for another parameter", ident.position)
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1058,7 +1079,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                 }
             }
         } else if(postIncrDecr.target.arrayindexed != null) {
-            val target = postIncrDecr.target.arrayindexed?.arrayvar?.targetStatement(program.namespace)
+            val target = postIncrDecr.target.arrayindexed?.arrayvar?.targetStatement(program)
             if(target==null) {
                 errors.err("undefined symbol", postIncrDecr.position)
             }
@@ -1073,7 +1094,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     override fun visit(arrayIndexedExpression: ArrayIndexedExpression) {
-        val target = arrayIndexedExpression.arrayvar.targetStatement(program.namespace)
+        val target = arrayIndexedExpression.arrayvar.targetStatement(program)
         if(target is VarDecl) {
             if(target.datatype !in IterableDatatypes)
                 errors.err("indexing requires an iterable variable", arrayIndexedExpression.position)
@@ -1096,29 +1117,28 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             errors.err("indexing requires a variable to act upon", arrayIndexedExpression.position)
 
         // check index value 0..255
-        val dtxNum = arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.indexNum?.inferType(program)?.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
-        if(dtxNum!=null && dtxNum != DataType.UBYTE && dtxNum != DataType.BYTE)
+        val dtxNum = arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.indexExpr.inferType(program)
+        if(dtxNum isnot DataType.UBYTE && dtxNum isnot DataType.BYTE)
             errors.err("array indexing is limited to byte size 0..255", arrayIndexedExpression.position)
-        val dtxVar = arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.indexVar?.inferType(program)?.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
-        if(dtxVar!=null && dtxVar != DataType.UBYTE && dtxVar != DataType.BYTE)
-            errors.err("array indexing is limited to byte size 0..255", arrayIndexedExpression.position)
-
-        if(arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.origExpression!=null)
-            throw FatalAstException("array indexer should have been replaced with a temp var @ ${arrayIndexedExpression.indexer.position}")
 
         super.visit(arrayIndexedExpression)
     }
 
     override fun visit(whenStatement: WhenStatement) {
-        val conditionType = whenStatement.condition.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
-        if(conditionType !in IntegerDatatypes)
+        if(!whenStatement.condition.inferType(program).isInteger)
             errors.err("when condition must be an integer value", whenStatement.position)
-        val choiceValues = whenStatement.choiceValues(program)
-        val occurringValues = choiceValues.map {it.first}
-        val tally = choiceValues.associate { it.second to occurringValues.count { ov->it.first==ov} }
-        tally.filter { it.value>1 }.forEach {
-            errors.err("choice value occurs multiple times", it.key.position)
+        val tally = mutableSetOf<Int>()
+        for((choices, choiceNode) in whenStatement.choiceValues(program)) {
+            if(choices!=null) {
+                for (c in choices) {
+                    if(c in tally)
+                        errors.err("choice value already occurs earlier", choiceNode.position)
+                    else
+                        tally.add(c)
+                }
+            }
         }
+
         if(whenStatement.choices.isEmpty())
             errors.err("empty when statement", whenStatement.position)
 
@@ -1136,7 +1156,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                 when {
                     constvalue == null -> errors.err("choice value must be a constant", whenChoice.position)
                     constvalue.type !in IntegerDatatypes -> errors.err("choice value must be a byte or word", whenChoice.position)
-                    constvalue.type != conditionType.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) -> errors.err("choice value datatype differs from condition value", whenChoice.position)
+                    conditionType isnot constvalue.type -> errors.err("choice value datatype differs from condition value", whenChoice.position)
                 }
             }
         } else {
@@ -1146,32 +1166,12 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         super.visit(whenChoice)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(structDecl: StructDecl) {
-        // a struct can only contain 1 or more vardecls and can not be nested
-        if(structDecl.statements.isEmpty())
-            errors.err("struct must contain at least one member", structDecl.position)
-
-        for(member in structDecl.statements){
-            val decl = member as? VarDecl
-            if(decl==null)
-                errors.err("struct can only contain variable declarations", structDecl.position)
-            else {
-                if(decl.zeropage==ZeropageWish.REQUIRE_ZEROPAGE || decl.zeropage==ZeropageWish.PREFER_ZEROPAGE)
-                    errors.err("struct can not contain zeropage members", decl.position)
-                if(decl.datatype !in NumericDatatypes)
-                    errors.err("structs can only contain numerical types", decl.position)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     private fun checkFunctionOrLabelExists(target: IdentifierReference, statement: Statement): Statement? {
-        val targetStatement = target.targetStatement(program.namespace)
-        if(targetStatement is Label || targetStatement is Subroutine || targetStatement is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder)
-            return targetStatement
-        else if(targetStatement==null)
-            errors.err("undefined function or subroutine: ${target.nameInSource.joinToString(".")}", statement.position)
-        else
-            errors.err("cannot call that: ${target.nameInSource.joinToString(".")}", statement.position)
+        when (val targetStatement = target.targetStatement(program)) {
+            is Label, is Subroutine, is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder -> return targetStatement
+            null -> errors.err("undefined function or subroutine: ${target.nameInSource.joinToString(".")}", statement.position)
+            else -> errors.err("cannot call that: ${target.nameInSource.joinToString(".")}", statement.position)
+        }
         return null
     }
 
@@ -1187,8 +1187,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         else false
     }
 
-    private fun checkValueTypeAndRangeArray(targetDt: DataType, struct: StructDecl?,
-                                            arrayspec: ArrayIndex, value: ArrayLiteralValue) : Boolean {
+    private fun checkValueTypeAndRangeArray(targetDt: DataType, arrayspec: ArrayIndex, value: ArrayLiteralValue) : Boolean {
         fun err(msg: String) : Boolean {
             errors.err(msg, value.position)
             return false
@@ -1201,7 +1200,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             DataType.STR -> return err("string value expected")
             DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
                 // value may be either a single byte, or a byte arraysize (of all constant values), or a range
-                if(value.type.istype(targetDt)) {
+                if(value.type istype targetDt) {
                     if(!checkArrayValues(value, targetDt))
                         return false
                     val arraySpecSize = arrayspec.constIndex()
@@ -1220,7 +1219,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             }
             DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W -> {
                 // value may be either a single word, or a word arraysize, or a range
-                if(value.type.istype(targetDt)) {
+                if(value.type istype targetDt) {
                     if(!checkArrayValues(value, targetDt))
                         return false
                     val arraySpecSize = arrayspec.constIndex()
@@ -1239,7 +1238,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             }
             DataType.ARRAY_F -> {
                 // value may be either a single float, or a float arraysize
-                if(value.type.istype(targetDt)) {
+                if(value.type istype targetDt) {
                     if(!checkArrayValues(value, targetDt))
                         return false
                     val arraySize = value.value.size
@@ -1255,28 +1254,12 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
 
                     // check if the floating point values are all within range
                     val doubles = value.value.map {it.constValue(program)?.number!!.toDouble()}.toDoubleArray()
-                    if(doubles.any { it < CompilationTarget.instance.machine.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE || it > CompilationTarget.instance.machine.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE })
+                    if(doubles.any { it < compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE || it > compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE })
                         return err("floating point value overflow")
                     return true
                 }
                 return err("invalid float array initialization value ${value.type}, expected $targetDt")
             }
-            DataType.STRUCT -> {
-                if(value.type.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) in ArrayDatatypes) {
-                    if(value.value.size != struct!!.numberOfElements)
-                        return err("number of values is not the same as the number of members in the struct")
-                    for(elt in value.value.zip(struct.statements)) {
-                        val vardecl = elt.second as VarDecl
-                        val valuetype = elt.first.inferType(program)
-                        if (!valuetype.isKnown || valuetype isNotAssignableTo vardecl.datatype) {
-                            errors.err("invalid struct member init value type $valuetype, expected ${vardecl.datatype}", elt.first.position)
-                            return false
-                        }
-                    }
-                    return true
-                }
-                return false
-            }
             else -> return false
         }
     }
@@ -1329,7 +1312,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         val array = value.value.map {
             when (it) {
                 is NumericLiteralValue -> it.number.toInt()
-                is AddressOf -> it.identifier.heapId(program.namespace)
+                is AddressOf -> it.identifier.hashCode() and 0xffff
                 is TypecastExpression -> {
                     val constVal = it.expression.constValue(program)
                     val cast = constVal?.cast(it.type)
@@ -1379,16 +1362,10 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             DataType.UWORD -> sourceDatatype== DataType.UBYTE || sourceDatatype== DataType.UWORD
             DataType.FLOAT -> sourceDatatype in NumericDatatypes
             DataType.STR -> sourceDatatype== DataType.STR
-            DataType.STRUCT -> {
-                if(sourceDatatype==DataType.STRUCT) {
-                    val structLv = sourceValue as ArrayLiteralValue
-                    val numValues = structLv.value.size
-                    val targetstruct = target.identifier!!.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!.struct!!
-                    return targetstruct.numberOfElements == numValues
-                }
+            else -> {
+                errors.err("cannot assign new value to variable of type $targetDatatype", position)
                 false
             }
-            else -> errors.err("cannot assign new value to variable of type $targetDatatype", position)
         }
 
         if(result)
@@ -1398,10 +1375,15 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             errors.err("cannot assign word to byte, use msb() or lsb()?", position)
         }
         else if(sourceDatatype== DataType.FLOAT && targetDatatype in IntegerDatatypes)
-            errors.err("cannot assign float to ${targetDatatype.name.toLowerCase()}; possible loss of precision. Suggestion: round the value or revert to integer arithmetic", position)
+            errors.err("cannot assign float to ${targetDatatype.name.lowercase()}; possible loss of precision. Suggestion: round the value or revert to integer arithmetic", position)
         else {
             if(targetDatatype!=DataType.UWORD && sourceDatatype !in PassByReferenceDatatypes)
-                errors.err("cannot assign ${sourceDatatype.name.toLowerCase()} to ${targetDatatype.name.toLowerCase()}", position)
+                errors.err(
+                    "cannot assign ${sourceDatatype.name.lowercase()} to ${
+                        targetDatatype.name.lowercase(
+                            Locale.getDefault()
+                        )
+                    }", position)
         }
 
 

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/AstExtensions.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
+
+import prog8.ast.Node
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.base.VarDeclType
+import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.ast.statements.AssignTarget
+import prog8.ast.statements.Directive
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
+import prog8.compiler.BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger
+import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
+import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compiler.IStringEncoding
+import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8.compiler.target.IMachineDefinition
+import kotlin.math.abs
+
+
+fun RangeExpr.size(encoding: IStringEncoding): Int? {
+    val fromLv = (from as? NumericLiteralValue)
+    val toLv = (to as? NumericLiteralValue)
+    if(fromLv==null || toLv==null)
+        return null
+    return toConstantIntegerRange(encoding)?.count()
+}
+
+fun RangeExpr.toConstantIntegerRange(encoding: IStringEncoding): IntProgression? {
+    val fromVal: Int
+    val toVal: Int
+    val fromString = from as? StringLiteralValue
+    val toString = to as? StringLiteralValue
+    if(fromString!=null && toString!=null ) {
+        // string range -> int range over character values
+        fromVal = encoding.encodeString(fromString.value, fromString.altEncoding)[0].toInt()
+        toVal = encoding.encodeString(toString.value, fromString.altEncoding)[0].toInt()
+    } else {
+        val fromLv = from as? NumericLiteralValue
+        val toLv = to as? NumericLiteralValue
+        if(fromLv==null || toLv==null)
+            return null         // non-constant range
+        // integer range
+        fromVal = fromLv.number.toInt()
+        toVal = toLv.number.toInt()
+    }
+    val stepVal = (step as? NumericLiteralValue)?.number?.toInt() ?: 1
+    return makeRange(fromVal, toVal, stepVal)
+}
+
+private fun makeRange(fromVal: Int, toVal: Int, stepVal: Int): IntProgression {
+    return when {
+        fromVal <= toVal -> when {
+            stepVal <= 0 -> IntRange.EMPTY
+            stepVal == 1 -> fromVal..toVal
+            else -> fromVal..toVal step stepVal
+        }
+        else -> when {
+            stepVal >= 0 -> IntRange.EMPTY
+            stepVal == -1 -> fromVal downTo toVal
+            else -> fromVal downTo toVal step abs(stepVal)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+internal fun Program.checkValid(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, errors: IErrorReporter, compTarget: ICompilationTarget) {
+    val checker = AstChecker(this, compilerOptions, errors, compTarget)
+    checker.visit(this)
+}
+
+internal fun Program.processAstBeforeAsmGeneration(errors: IErrorReporter, compTarget: ICompilationTarget) {
+    val fixer = BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(this, errors, compTarget)
+    fixer.visit(this)
+    while(errors.noErrors() && fixer.applyModifications()>0) {
+        fixer.visit(this)
+    }
+}
+
+internal fun Program.reorderStatements(errors: IErrorReporter) {
+    val reorder = StatementReorderer(this, errors)
+    reorder.visit(this)
+    if(errors.noErrors()) {
+        reorder.applyModifications()
+        reorder.visit(this)
+        if(errors.noErrors())
+            reorder.applyModifications()
+    }
+}
+
+internal fun Program.charLiteralsToUByteLiterals(errors: IErrorReporter, enc: IStringEncoding) {
+    val walker = object : AstWalker() {
+        override fun after(char: CharLiteral, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
+                char,
+                NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, enc.encodeString(char.value.toString(), char.altEncoding)[0].toInt(), char.position),
+                parent
+            ))
+        }
+    }
+    walker.visit(this)
+    walker.applyModifications()
+}
+
+internal fun Program.addTypecasts(errors: IErrorReporter) {
+    val caster = TypecastsAdder(this, errors)
+    caster.visit(this)
+    caster.applyModifications()
+}
+
+internal fun Program.verifyFunctionArgTypes() {
+    val fixer = VerifyFunctionArgTypes(this)
+    fixer.visit(this)
+}
+
+internal fun Program.checkIdentifiers(errors: IErrorReporter, options: CompilationOptions) {
+
+    val checker2 = AstIdentifiersChecker(this, errors, options.compTarget)
+    checker2.visit(this)
+
+    if(errors.noErrors()) {
+        val transforms = AstVariousTransforms(this)
+        transforms.visit(this)
+        transforms.applyModifications()
+        val lit2decl = LiteralsToAutoVars(this)
+        lit2decl.visit(this)
+        lit2decl.applyModifications()
+    }
+}
+
+internal fun Program.variousCleanups(program: Program, errors: IErrorReporter) {
+    val process = VariousCleanups(program, errors)
+    process.visit(this)
+    if(errors.noErrors())
+        process.applyModifications()
+}
+
+
+internal fun Program.moveMainAndStartToFirst() {
+    // the module containing the program entrypoint is moved to the first in the sequence.
+    // the "main" block containing the entrypoint is moved to the top in there,
+    // and finally the entrypoint subroutine "start" itself is moved to the top in that block.
+
+    val directives = modules[0].statements.filterIsInstance<Directive>()
+    val start = this.entrypoint
+    val mod = start.definingModule
+    val block = start.definingBlock
+    moveModuleToFront(mod)
+    mod.remove(block)
+    var afterDirective = mod.statements.indexOfFirst { it !is Directive }
+    if(afterDirective<0)
+        mod.statements.add(block)
+    else
+        mod.statements.add(afterDirective, block)
+    block.remove(start)
+    afterDirective = block.statements.indexOfFirst { it !is Directive }
+    if(afterDirective<0)
+        block.statements.add(start)
+    else
+        block.statements.add(afterDirective, start)
+
+    // overwrite the directives in the module containing the entrypoint
+    for(directive in directives) {
+        modules[0].statements.removeAll { it is Directive && it.directive == directive.directive }
+        modules[0].statements.add(0, directive)
+    }
+}
+
+internal fun AssignTarget.isInRegularRAMof(machine: IMachineDefinition): Boolean {
+    val memAddr = memoryAddress
+    val arrayIdx = arrayindexed
+    val ident = identifier
+    when {
+        memAddr != null -> {
+            return when (memAddr.addressExpression) {
+                is NumericLiteralValue -> {
+                    machine.isRegularRAMaddress((memAddr.addressExpression as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt())
+                }
+                is IdentifierReference -> {
+                    val program = definingModule.program
+                    val decl = (memAddr.addressExpression as IdentifierReference).targetVarDecl(program)
+                    if ((decl?.type == VarDeclType.VAR || decl?.type == VarDeclType.CONST) && decl.value is NumericLiteralValue)
+                        machine.isRegularRAMaddress((decl.value as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt())
+                    else
+                        false
+                }
+                else -> false
+            }
+        }
+        arrayIdx != null -> {
+            val program = definingModule.program
+            val targetStmt = arrayIdx.arrayvar.targetVarDecl(program)
+            return if (targetStmt?.type == VarDeclType.MEMORY) {
+                val addr = targetStmt.value as? NumericLiteralValue
+                if (addr != null)
+                    machine.isRegularRAMaddress(addr.number.toInt())
+                else
+                    false
+            } else true
+        }
+        ident != null -> {
+            val program = definingModule.program
+            val decl = ident.targetVarDecl(program)!!
+            return if (decl.type == VarDeclType.MEMORY && decl.value is NumericLiteralValue)
+                machine.isRegularRAMaddress((decl.value as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt())
+            else
+                true
+        }
+        else -> return true
+    }
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/AstIdentifiersChecker.kt

@@ -1,102 +1,61 @@
-package prog8.ast.processing
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
-import prog8.ast.Module
 import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.ast.base.Position
+import prog8.ast.expressions.StringLiteralValue
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
-import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
-import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
+import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compiler.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
 
-internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val program: Program, private val errors: ErrorReporter) : IAstVisitor {
+internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val program: Program, private val errors: IErrorReporter, private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget) : IAstVisitor {
     private var blocks = mutableMapOf<String, Block>()
 
     private fun nameError(name: String, position: Position, existing: Statement) {
         errors.err("name conflict '$name', also defined in ${existing.position.file} line ${existing.position.line}", position)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(module: Module) {
-        blocks.clear()  // blocks may be redefined within a different module
-
-        super.visit(module)
-    }
-
     override fun visit(block: Block) {
-        if(block.name in CompilationTarget.instance.machine.opcodeNames)
+        if(block.name in compTarget.machine.opcodeNames)
             errors.err("can't use a cpu opcode name as a symbol: '${block.name}'", block.position)
 
         val existing = blocks[block.name]
-        if(existing!=null)
-            nameError(block.name, block.position, existing)
+        if(existing!=null) {
+            if(block.isInLibrary)
+                nameError(existing.name, existing.position, block)
+            else
+                nameError(block.name, block.position, existing)
+        }
         else
             blocks[block.name] = block
 
-        if(!block.isInLibrary) {
-            val libraries = program.modules.filter { it.isLibraryModule }
-            val libraryBlockNames = libraries.flatMap { it.statements.filterIsInstance<Block>().map { b -> b.name } }
-            if(block.name in libraryBlockNames)
-                errors.err("block is already defined in an included library module", block.position)
-        }
-
         super.visit(block)
     }
 
-    override fun visit(directive: Directive) {
-        if(directive.directive=="%target") {
-            val compatibleTarget = directive.args.single().name
-            if (compatibleTarget != CompilationTarget.instance.name)
-                errors.err("module's compilation target ($compatibleTarget) differs from active target (${CompilationTarget.instance.name})", directive.position)
-        }
-
-        super.visit(directive)
-    }
-
     override fun visit(decl: VarDecl) {
         decl.datatypeErrors.forEach { errors.err(it.message, it.position) }
 
         if(decl.name in BuiltinFunctions)
             errors.err("builtin function cannot be redefined", decl.position)
 
-        if(decl.name in CompilationTarget.instance.machine.opcodeNames)
+        if(decl.name in compTarget.machine.opcodeNames)
             errors.err("can't use a cpu opcode name as a symbol: '${decl.name}'", decl.position)
 
-        if(decl.datatype==DataType.STRUCT) {
-            if (decl.structHasBeenFlattened)
-                return super.visit(decl)    // don't do this multiple times
-
-            if (decl.struct == null) {
-                errors.err("undefined struct type", decl.position)
-                return super.visit(decl)
-            }
-
-            if (decl.struct!!.statements.any { (it as VarDecl).datatype !in NumericDatatypes })
-                return super.visit(decl)     // a non-numeric member, not supported. proper error is given by AstChecker later
-
-            if (decl.value is NumericLiteralValue) {
-                errors.err("you cannot initialize a struct using a single value", decl.position)
-                return super.visit(decl)
-            }
-
-            if (decl.value != null && decl.value !is ArrayLiteralValue) {
-                errors.err("initializing a struct requires array literal value", decl.value?.position ?: decl.position)
-                return super.visit(decl)
-            }
-        }
-
         val existing = program.namespace.lookup(listOf(decl.name), decl)
         if (existing != null && existing !== decl)
             nameError(decl.name, decl.position, existing)
 
-        if(decl.definingBlock().name==decl.name)
-            nameError(decl.name, decl.position, decl.definingBlock())
-        if(decl.definingSubroutine()?.name==decl.name)
-            nameError(decl.name, decl.position, decl.definingSubroutine()!!)
+        if(decl.definingBlock.name==decl.name)
+            nameError(decl.name, decl.position, decl.definingBlock)
+        if(decl.definingSubroutine?.name==decl.name)
+            nameError(decl.name, decl.position, decl.definingSubroutine!!)
 
         super.visit(decl)
     }
 
     override fun visit(subroutine: Subroutine) {
-        if(subroutine.name in CompilationTarget.instance.machine.opcodeNames) {
+        if(subroutine.name in compTarget.machine.opcodeNames) {
             errors.err("can't use a cpu opcode name as a symbol: '${subroutine.name}'", subroutine.position)
         } else if(subroutine.name in BuiltinFunctions) {
             // the builtin functions can't be redefined
@@ -110,8 +69,8 @@ internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val program: Program, private val e
             if (existing != null && existing !== subroutine)
                 nameError(subroutine.name, subroutine.position, existing)
 
-            // check that there are no local variables, labels, or other subs that redefine the subroutine's parameters
-            val symbolsInSub = subroutine.allDefinedSymbols()
+            // check that there are no local variables, labels, or other subs that redefine the subroutine's parameters. Blocks are okay.
+            val symbolsInSub = subroutine.allDefinedSymbols
             val namesInSub = symbolsInSub.map{ it.first }.toSet()
             val paramNames = subroutine.parameters.map { it.name }.toSet()
             val paramsToCheck = paramNames.intersect(namesInSub)
@@ -122,28 +81,31 @@ internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val program: Program, private val e
                 val sub = subroutine.statements.firstOrNull { it is Subroutine && it.name==name}
                 if(sub!=null)
                     nameError(name, subroutine.position, sub)
-                val block = program.allBlocks().firstOrNull { it.name==name }
-                if(block!=null)
-                    nameError(name, subroutine.position, block)
             }
 
             if(subroutine.isAsmSubroutine && subroutine.statements.any{it !is InlineAssembly}) {
                 errors.err("asmsub can only contain inline assembly (%asm)", subroutine.position)
             }
+
+            if(subroutine.name == subroutine.definingBlock.name) {
+                // subroutines cannot have the same name as their enclosing block,
+                // because this causes symbol scoping issues in the resulting assembly source
+                nameError(subroutine.name, subroutine.position, subroutine.definingBlock)
+            }
         }
 
         super.visit(subroutine)
     }
 
     override fun visit(label: Label) {
-        if(label.name in CompilationTarget.instance.machine.opcodeNames)
+        if(label.name in compTarget.machine.opcodeNames)
             errors.err("can't use a cpu opcode name as a symbol: '${label.name}'", label.position)
 
         if(label.name in BuiltinFunctions) {
             // the builtin functions can't be redefined
             errors.err("builtin function cannot be redefined", label.position)
         } else {
-            val existing = label.definingSubroutine()?.getAllLabels(label.name) ?: emptyList()
+            val existing = label.definingSubroutine?.getAllLabels(label.name) ?: emptyList()
             for(el in existing) {
                 if(el === label || el.name != label.name)
                     continue
@@ -163,14 +125,4 @@ internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val program: Program, private val e
 
         super.visit(string)
     }
-
-    override fun visit(structDecl: StructDecl) {
-        for(member in structDecl.statements){
-            val decl = member as? VarDecl
-            if(decl!=null && decl.datatype !in NumericDatatypes)
-                errors.err("structs can only contain numerical types", decl.position)
-        }
-
-        super.visit(structDecl)
-    }
 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/AstVariousTransforms.kt

@@ -1,34 +1,23 @@
-package prog8.ast.processing
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.expressions.ArrayIndexedExpression
+import prog8.ast.expressions.BinaryExpression
+import prog8.ast.expressions.DirectMemoryRead
+import prog8.ast.expressions.StringLiteralValue
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
 
 
 internal class AstVariousTransforms(private val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
-    private val noModifications = emptyList<IAstModification>()
-
-    override fun before(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        // is it a struct variable? then define all its struct members as mangled names,
-        //    and include the original decl as well.
-        if(decl.datatype==DataType.STRUCT && !decl.structHasBeenFlattened) {
-            val decls = decl.flattenStructMembers()
-            decls.add(decl)
-            val result = AnonymousScope(decls, decl.position)
-            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
-                    decl, result, parent
-            ))
-        }
-
-        return noModifications
-    }
 
     override fun after(subroutine: Subroutine, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        // For non-kernel subroutines and non-asm parameters:
+        // For non-kernal subroutines and non-asm parameters:
         // inject subroutine params as local variables (if they're not there yet).
-        val symbolsInSub = subroutine.allDefinedSymbols()
+        val symbolsInSub = subroutine.allDefinedSymbols
         val namesInSub = symbolsInSub.map{ it.first }.toSet()
         if(subroutine.asmAddress==null) {
             if(subroutine.asmParameterRegisters.isEmpty() && subroutine.parameters.isNotEmpty()) {
@@ -77,6 +66,10 @@ internal class AstVariousTransforms(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
         return noModifications
     }
 
+    override fun after(arrayIndexedExpression: ArrayIndexedExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        return replacePointerVarIndexWithMemread(program, arrayIndexedExpression, parent)
+    }
+
     private fun concatString(expr: BinaryExpression): StringLiteralValue? {
         val rightStrval = expr.right as? StringLiteralValue
         val leftStrval = expr.left as? StringLiteralValue
@@ -103,3 +96,25 @@ internal class AstVariousTransforms(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
         }
     }
 }
+
+
+
+internal fun replacePointerVarIndexWithMemread(program: Program, arrayIndexedExpression: ArrayIndexedExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+    val arrayVar = arrayIndexedExpression.arrayvar.targetVarDecl(program)
+    if(arrayVar!=null && arrayVar.datatype ==  DataType.UWORD) {
+        // rewrite   pointervar[index]  into  @(pointervar+index)
+        val indexer = arrayIndexedExpression.indexer
+        val add = BinaryExpression(arrayIndexedExpression.arrayvar, "+", indexer.indexExpr, arrayIndexedExpression.position)
+        return if(parent is AssignTarget) {
+            // we're part of the target of an assignment, we have to actually change the assign target itself
+            val memwrite = DirectMemoryWrite(add, arrayIndexedExpression.position)
+            val newtarget = AssignTarget(null, null, memwrite, arrayIndexedExpression.position)
+            listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(parent, newtarget, parent.parent))
+        } else {
+            val memread = DirectMemoryRead(add, arrayIndexedExpression.position)
+            listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(arrayIndexedExpression, memread, parent))
+        }
+    }
+
+    return emptyList()
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/LiteralsToAutoVars.kt

@@ -1,24 +1,25 @@
-package prog8.ast.processing
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.expressions.ArrayLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
+import prog8.ast.expressions.StringLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
+import prog8.ast.statements.WhenChoice
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
 
 
 internal class LiteralsToAutoVars(private val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
-    private val noModifications = emptyList<IAstModification>()
 
     override fun after(string: StringLiteralValue, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         if(string.parent !is VarDecl && string.parent !is WhenChoice) {
-            // replace the literal string by a identifier reference to a new local vardecl
-            val vardecl = VarDecl.createAuto(string)
-            val identifier = IdentifierReference(listOf(vardecl.name), vardecl.position)
-            return listOf(
-                    IAstModification.ReplaceNode(string, identifier, parent),
-                    IAstModification.InsertFirst(vardecl, string.definingScope())
-            )
+            // replace the literal string by an identifier reference to the interned string
+            val scopedName = program.internString(string)
+            val identifier = IdentifierReference(scopedName, string.position)
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(string, identifier, parent))
         }
         return noModifications
     }
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ internal class LiteralsToAutoVars(private val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
         if(vardecl!=null) {
             // adjust the datatype of the array (to an educated guess)
             val arrayDt = array.type
-            if(!arrayDt.istype(vardecl.datatype)) {
+            if(arrayDt isnot vardecl.datatype) {
                 val cast = array.cast(vardecl.datatype)
                 if (cast != null && cast !== array)
                     return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(vardecl.value!!, cast, vardecl))
@@ -37,13 +38,13 @@ internal class LiteralsToAutoVars(private val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
             val arrayDt = array.guessDatatype(program)
             if(arrayDt.isKnown) {
                 // this array literal is part of an expression, turn it into an identifier reference
-                val litval2 = array.cast(arrayDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT))
+                val litval2 = array.cast(arrayDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED))
                 if(litval2!=null) {
                     val vardecl2 = VarDecl.createAuto(litval2)
                     val identifier = IdentifierReference(listOf(vardecl2.name), vardecl2.position)
                     return listOf(
                             IAstModification.ReplaceNode(array, identifier, parent),
-                            IAstModification.InsertFirst(vardecl2, array.definingScope())
+                            IAstModification.InsertFirst(vardecl2, array.definingScope)
                     )
                 }
             }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/ReflectionAstWalker.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package prog8.ast.processing
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
 
 /*

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/StatementReorderer.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
+
+import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
+import prog8.ast.Module
+import prog8.ast.Node
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
+import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
+import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compiler.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+
+
+internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter) : AstWalker() {
+    // Reorders the statements in a way the compiler needs.
+    // - 'main' block must be the very first statement UNLESS it has an address set.
+    // - library blocks are put last.
+    // - blocks are ordered by address, where blocks without address are placed last.
+    // - in every block and module, most directives and vardecls are moved to the top. (not in subroutines!)
+    // - the 'start' subroutine is moved to the top.
+    // - (syntax desugaring) a vardecl with a non-const initializer value is split into a regular vardecl and an assignment statement.
+    // - in-place assignments are reordered a bit so that they are mostly of the form A = A <operator> <rest>
+    // - sorts the choices in when statement.
+    // - insert AddressOf (&) expression where required (string params to a UWORD function param etc.).
+
+    private val directivesToMove = setOf("%output", "%launcher", "%zeropage", "%zpreserved", "%address", "%option")
+
+    override fun after(module: Module, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        val (blocks, other) = module.statements.partition { it is Block }
+        module.statements = other.asSequence().plus(blocks.sortedBy { (it as Block).address ?: Int.MAX_VALUE }).toMutableList()
+
+        val mainBlock = module.statements.filterIsInstance<Block>().firstOrNull { it.name=="main" }
+        if(mainBlock!=null && mainBlock.address==null) {
+            module.statements.remove(mainBlock)
+            module.statements.add(0, mainBlock)
+        }
+
+        reorderVardeclsAndDirectives(module.statements)
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    private fun reorderVardeclsAndDirectives(statements: MutableList<Statement>) {
+        val varDecls = statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>()
+        statements.removeAll(varDecls)
+        statements.addAll(0, varDecls)
+
+        val directives = statements.filterIsInstance<Directive>().filter {it.directive in directivesToMove}
+        statements.removeAll(directives)
+        statements.addAll(0, directives)
+    }
+
+    override fun before(block: Block, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        parent as Module
+        if(block.isInLibrary) {
+            return listOf(
+                    IAstModification.Remove(block, parent),
+                    IAstModification.InsertLast(block, parent)
+            )
+        }
+
+        reorderVardeclsAndDirectives(block.statements)
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun before(subroutine: Subroutine, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(subroutine.name=="start" && parent is Block) {
+            if(parent.statements.filterIsInstance<Subroutine>().first().name!="start") {
+                return listOf(
+                        IAstModification.Remove(subroutine, parent),
+                        IAstModification.InsertFirst(subroutine, parent)
+                )
+            }
+        }
+
+        val subs = subroutine.statements.filterIsInstance<Subroutine>()
+        if(subs.isNotEmpty()) {
+            // all subroutines defined within this subroutine are moved to the end
+            return subs.map { IAstModification.Remove(it, subroutine) } +
+                    subs.map { IAstModification.InsertLast(it, subroutine) }
+        }
+
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(arrayIndexedExpression: ArrayIndexedExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        return replacePointerVarIndexWithMemread(program, arrayIndexedExpression, parent)
+    }
+
+    override fun after(expr: BinaryExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+
+        // ConstValue <associativeoperator> X -->  X <associativeoperator> ConstValue
+        // (this should be done by the ExpressionSimplifier when optimizing is enabled,
+        //  but the current assembly code generator for IF statements now also depends on it, so we do it here regardless of optimization.)
+        if (expr.left.constValue(program) != null && expr.operator in associativeOperators && expr.right.constValue(program) == null)
+            return listOf(IAstModification.SwapOperands(expr))
+
+        // when using a simple bit shift and assigning it to a variable of a different type,
+        // try to make the bit shifting 'wide enough' to fall into the variable's type.
+        // with this, for instance, uword x = 1 << 10  will result in 1024 rather than 0 (the ubyte result).
+        if(expr.operator=="<<" || expr.operator==">>") {
+            val leftDt = expr.left.inferType(program)
+            when (parent) {
+                is Assignment -> {
+                    val targetDt = parent.target.inferType(program)
+                    if(leftDt != targetDt) {
+                        val cast = TypecastExpression(expr.left, targetDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), true, parent.position)
+                        return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.left, cast, expr))
+                    }
+                }
+                is VarDecl -> {
+                    if(leftDt isnot parent.datatype) {
+                        val cast = TypecastExpression(expr.left, parent.datatype, true, parent.position)
+                        return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.left, cast, expr))
+                    }
+                }
+                is IFunctionCall -> {
+                    val argnum = parent.args.indexOf(expr)
+                    when (val callee = parent.target.targetStatement(program)) {
+                        is Subroutine -> {
+                            val paramType = callee.parameters[argnum].type
+                            if(leftDt isAssignableTo paramType) {
+                                val cast = TypecastExpression(expr.left, paramType, true, parent.position)
+                                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.left, cast, expr))
+                            }
+                        }
+                        is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder -> {
+                            val func = BuiltinFunctions.getValue(callee.name)
+                            val paramTypes = func.parameters[argnum].possibleDatatypes
+                            for(type in paramTypes) {
+                                if(leftDt isAssignableTo type) {
+                                    val cast = TypecastExpression(expr.left, type, true, parent.position)
+                                    return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.left, cast, expr))
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else -> throw FatalAstException("weird callee")
+                    }
+                }
+                else -> return noModifications
+            }
+        }
+        else if(expr.operator in logicalOperators) {
+            // make sure that logical expressions like "var and other-logical-expression
+            // is rewritten as "var!=0 and other-logical-expression", to avoid bitwise boolean and
+            // generating the wrong results later
+
+            fun wrapped(expr: Expression): Expression =
+                BinaryExpression(expr, "!=", NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0, expr.position), expr.position)
+
+            fun isLogicalExpr(expr: Expression?): Boolean {
+                if(expr is BinaryExpression && expr.operator in (logicalOperators + comparisonOperators))
+                    return true
+                if(expr is PrefixExpression && expr.operator in logicalOperators)
+                    return true
+                return false
+            }
+
+            return if(isLogicalExpr(expr.left)) {
+                if(isLogicalExpr(expr.right))
+                    noModifications
+                else
+                    listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.right, wrapped(expr.right), expr))
+            } else {
+                if(isLogicalExpr(expr.right))
+                    listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.left, wrapped(expr.left), expr))
+                else {
+                    listOf(
+                        IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.left, wrapped(expr.left), expr),
+                        IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.right, wrapped(expr.right), expr)
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(whenStatement: WhenStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        val choices = whenStatement.choiceValues(program).sortedBy {
+            it.first?.first() ?: Int.MAX_VALUE
+        }
+        whenStatement.choices.clear()
+        choices.mapTo(whenStatement.choices) { it.second }
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun before(assignment: Assignment, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        val valueType = assignment.value.inferType(program)
+        val targetType = assignment.target.inferType(program)
+
+        if(targetType.isArray && valueType.isArray) {
+            if (assignment.value is ArrayLiteralValue) {
+                errors.err("cannot assign array literal here, use separate assignment per element", assignment.position)
+            } else {
+                return copyArrayValue(assignment)
+            }
+        }
+
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(assignment: Assignment, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        // rewrite in-place assignment expressions a bit so that the assignment target usually is the leftmost operand
+        val binExpr = assignment.value as? BinaryExpression
+        if(binExpr!=null) {
+            if(binExpr.left isSameAs assignment.target) {
+                // A = A <operator> 5, unchanged
+                return noModifications
+            }
+
+            if(binExpr.operator in associativeOperators) {
+                if (binExpr.right isSameAs assignment.target) {
+                    // A = v <associative-operator> A  ==>  A = A <associative-operator> v
+                    return listOf(IAstModification.SwapOperands(binExpr))
+                }
+
+                val leftBinExpr = binExpr.left as? BinaryExpression
+                if(leftBinExpr?.operator == binExpr.operator) {
+                    return if(leftBinExpr.left isSameAs assignment.target) {
+                        // A = (A <associative-operator> x) <same-operator> y ==> A = A <associative-operator> (x <same-operator> y)
+                        val newRight = BinaryExpression(leftBinExpr.right, binExpr.operator, binExpr.right, binExpr.position)
+                        val newValue = BinaryExpression(leftBinExpr.left, binExpr.operator, newRight, binExpr.position)
+                        listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr, newValue, assignment))
+                    } else {
+                        // A = (x <associative-operator> A) <same-operator> y ==> A = A <associative-operator> (x <same-operator> y)
+                        val newRight = BinaryExpression(leftBinExpr.left, binExpr.operator, binExpr.right, binExpr.position)
+                        val newValue = BinaryExpression(leftBinExpr.right, binExpr.operator, newRight, binExpr.position)
+                        listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr, newValue, assignment))
+                    }
+                }
+                val rightBinExpr = binExpr.right as? BinaryExpression
+                if(rightBinExpr?.operator == binExpr.operator) {
+                    return if(rightBinExpr.left isSameAs assignment.target) {
+                        // A = x <associative-operator> (A <same-operator> y) ==> A = A <associative-operator> (x <same-operator> y)
+                        val newRight = BinaryExpression(binExpr.left, binExpr.operator, rightBinExpr.right, binExpr.position)
+                        val newValue = BinaryExpression(rightBinExpr.left, binExpr.operator, newRight, binExpr.position)
+                        listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr, newValue, assignment))
+                    } else {
+                        // A = x <associative-operator> (y <same-operator> A) ==> A = A <associative-operator> (x <same-operator> y)
+                        val newRight = BinaryExpression(binExpr.left, binExpr.operator, rightBinExpr.left, binExpr.position)
+                        val newValue = BinaryExpression(rightBinExpr.right, binExpr.operator, newRight, binExpr.position)
+                        listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr, newValue, assignment))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    private fun copyArrayValue(assign: Assignment): List<IAstModification> {
+        val identifier = assign.target.identifier!!
+        val targetVar = identifier.targetVarDecl(program)!!
+
+        if(targetVar.arraysize==null)
+            errors.err("array has no defined size", assign.position)
+
+        if(assign.value !is IdentifierReference) {
+            errors.err("invalid array value to assign to other array", assign.value.position)
+            return noModifications
+        }
+        val sourceIdent = assign.value as IdentifierReference
+        val sourceVar = sourceIdent.targetVarDecl(program)!!
+        if(!sourceVar.isArray) {
+            errors.err("value must be an array", sourceIdent.position)
+        } else {
+            if (sourceVar.arraysize!!.constIndex() != targetVar.arraysize!!.constIndex())
+                errors.err("element count mismatch", assign.position)
+            if (sourceVar.datatype != targetVar.datatype)
+                errors.err("element type mismatch", assign.position)
+        }
+
+        if(!errors.noErrors())
+            return noModifications
+
+        val memcopy = FunctionCallStatement(IdentifierReference(listOf("sys", "memcopy"), assign.position),
+            mutableListOf(
+                AddressOf(sourceIdent, assign.position),
+                AddressOf(identifier, assign.position),
+                NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(targetVar.arraysize!!.constIndex()!!, assign.position)
+            ),
+            true,
+            assign.position
+        )
+        return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(assign, memcopy, assign.parent))
+    }
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/TypecastsAdder.kt

@@ -1,31 +1,35 @@
-package prog8.ast.processing
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
 import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
-import prog8.ast.INameScope
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
-import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
+import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compiler.functions.BuiltinFunctions
 
 
-class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporter) : AstWalker() {
+class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter) : AstWalker() {
     /*
      * Make sure any value assignments get the proper type casts if needed to cast them into the target variable's type.
      * (this includes function call arguments)
      */
 
-    private val noModifications = emptyList<IAstModification>()
-
     override fun after(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         val declValue = decl.value
-        if(decl.type==VarDeclType.VAR && declValue!=null && decl.struct==null) {
+        if(decl.type==VarDeclType.VAR && declValue!=null) {
             val valueDt = declValue.inferType(program)
-            if(!valueDt.istype(decl.datatype)) {
+            if(valueDt isnot decl.datatype) {
 
                 // don't add a typecast on an array initializer value
-                if(valueDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) in IntegerDatatypes && decl.datatype in ArrayDatatypes)
+                if(valueDt.isInteger && decl.datatype in ArrayDatatypes)
+                    return noModifications
+
+                // don't add a typecast if the initializer value is inherently not assignable
+                if(valueDt isNotAssignableTo decl.datatype)
                     return noModifications
 
                 return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
@@ -43,7 +47,7 @@ class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporter) : AstWalke
         val rightDt = expr.right.inferType(program)
         if(leftDt.isKnown && rightDt.isKnown && leftDt!=rightDt) {
             // determine common datatype and add typecast as required to make left and right equal types
-            val (commonDt, toFix) = BinaryExpression.commonDatatype(leftDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT), rightDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT), expr.left, expr.right)
+            val (commonDt, toFix) = BinaryExpression.commonDatatype(leftDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), rightDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), expr.left, expr.right)
             if(toFix!=null) {
                 return when {
                     toFix===expr.left -> listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
@@ -62,8 +66,8 @@ class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporter) : AstWalke
         val valueItype = assignment.value.inferType(program)
         val targetItype = assignment.target.inferType(program)
         if(targetItype.isKnown && valueItype.isKnown) {
-            val targettype = targetItype.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
-            val valuetype = valueItype.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+            val targettype = targetItype.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
+            val valuetype = valueItype.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
             if (valuetype != targettype) {
                 if (valuetype isAssignableTo targettype) {
                     if(valuetype in IterableDatatypes && targettype==DataType.UWORD)
@@ -106,23 +110,23 @@ class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporter) : AstWalke
     }
 
     override fun after(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        return afterFunctionCallArgs(functionCallStatement, functionCallStatement.definingScope())
+        return afterFunctionCallArgs(functionCallStatement)
     }
 
     override fun after(functionCall: FunctionCall, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        return afterFunctionCallArgs(functionCall, functionCall.definingScope())
+        return afterFunctionCallArgs(functionCall)
     }
 
-    private fun afterFunctionCallArgs(call: IFunctionCall, scope: INameScope): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+    private fun afterFunctionCallArgs(call: IFunctionCall): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         // see if a typecast is needed to convert the arguments into the required parameter's type
         val modifications = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
 
-        when(val sub = call.target.targetStatement(scope)) {
+        when(val sub = call.target.targetStatement(program)) {
             is Subroutine -> {
                 sub.parameters.zip(call.args).forEachIndexed { index, pair ->
                     val argItype = pair.second.inferType(program)
                     if(argItype.isKnown) {
-                        val argtype = argItype.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+                        val argtype = argItype.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
                         val requiredType = pair.first.type
                         if (requiredType != argtype) {
                             if (argtype isAssignableTo requiredType) {
@@ -155,7 +159,7 @@ class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporter) : AstWalke
                 func.parameters.zip(call.args).forEachIndexed { index, pair ->
                     val argItype = pair.second.inferType(program)
                     if (argItype.isKnown) {
-                        val argtype = argItype.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+                        val argtype = argItype.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
                         if (pair.first.possibleDatatypes.all { argtype != it }) {
                             for (possibleType in pair.first.possibleDatatypes) {
                                 if (argtype isAssignableTo possibleType) {
@@ -178,7 +182,7 @@ class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporter) : AstWalke
 
     override fun after(typecast: TypecastExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         // warn about any implicit type casts to Float, because that may not be intended
-        if(typecast.implicit && typecast.type in setOf(DataType.FLOAT, DataType.ARRAY_F)) {
+        if(typecast.implicit && typecast.type.oneOf(DataType.FLOAT, DataType.ARRAY_F)) {
             errors.warn("integer implicitly converted to float. Suggestion: use float literals, add an explicit cast, or revert to integer arithmetic", typecast.position)
         }
         return noModifications
@@ -187,7 +191,7 @@ class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporter) : AstWalke
     override fun after(memread: DirectMemoryRead, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         // make sure the memory address is an uword
         val dt = memread.addressExpression.inferType(program)
-        if(dt.isKnown && dt.typeOrElse(DataType.UWORD)!=DataType.UWORD) {
+        if(dt.isKnown && dt.getOr(DataType.UWORD)!=DataType.UWORD) {
             val typecast = (memread.addressExpression as? NumericLiteralValue)?.cast(DataType.UWORD)?.valueOrZero()
                     ?: TypecastExpression(memread.addressExpression, DataType.UWORD, true, memread.addressExpression.position)
             return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(memread.addressExpression, typecast, memread))
@@ -198,7 +202,7 @@ class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporter) : AstWalke
     override fun after(memwrite: DirectMemoryWrite, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         // make sure the memory address is an uword
         val dt = memwrite.addressExpression.inferType(program)
-        if(dt.isKnown && dt.typeOrElse(DataType.UWORD)!=DataType.UWORD) {
+        if(dt.isKnown && dt.getOr(DataType.UWORD)!=DataType.UWORD) {
             val typecast = (memwrite.addressExpression as? NumericLiteralValue)?.cast(DataType.UWORD)?.valueOrZero()
                     ?: TypecastExpression(memwrite.addressExpression, DataType.UWORD, true, memwrite.addressExpression.position)
             return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(memwrite.addressExpression, typecast, memwrite))
@@ -210,10 +214,10 @@ class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val errors: ErrorReporter) : AstWalke
         // add a typecast to the return type if it doesn't match the subroutine's signature
         val returnValue = returnStmt.value
         if(returnValue!=null) {
-            val subroutine = returnStmt.definingSubroutine()!!
+            val subroutine = returnStmt.definingSubroutine!!
             if(subroutine.returntypes.size==1) {
                 val subReturnType = subroutine.returntypes.first()
-                if (returnValue.inferType(program).istype(subReturnType))
+                if (returnValue.inferType(program) istype subReturnType)
                     return noModifications
                 if (returnValue is NumericLiteralValue) {
                     val cast = returnValue.cast(subroutine.returntypes.single())

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/VariousCleanups.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
+
+import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
+import prog8.ast.INameScope
+import prog8.ast.Node
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
+import prog8.ast.base.Position
+import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
+import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
+
+
+internal class VariousCleanups(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter): AstWalker() {
+
+    override fun before(nopStatement: NopStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(nopStatement, parent as INameScope))
+    }
+
+    override fun before(scope: AnonymousScope, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        return if(parent is INameScope)
+            listOf(ScopeFlatten(scope, parent as INameScope))
+        else
+            noModifications
+    }
+
+    class ScopeFlatten(val scope: AnonymousScope, val into: INameScope) : IAstModification {
+        override fun perform() {
+            val idx = into.statements.indexOf(scope)
+            if(idx>=0) {
+                into.statements.addAll(idx+1, scope.statements)
+                scope.statements.forEach { it.parent = into as Node }
+                into.statements.remove(scope)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun before(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        return before(functionCallStatement as IFunctionCall, parent, functionCallStatement.position)
+    }
+
+    override fun before(functionCall: FunctionCall, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        return before(functionCall as IFunctionCall, parent, functionCall.position)
+    }
+
+    private fun before(functionCall: IFunctionCall, parent: Node, position: Position): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(functionCall.target.nameInSource==listOf("peek")) {
+            // peek(a) is synonymous with @(a)
+            val memread = DirectMemoryRead(functionCall.args.single(), position)
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(functionCall as Node, memread, parent))
+        }
+        if(functionCall.target.nameInSource==listOf("poke")) {
+            // poke(a, v) is synonymous with @(a) = v
+            val tgt = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(functionCall.args[0], position), position)
+            val assign = Assignment(tgt, functionCall.args[1], position)
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(functionCall as Node, assign, parent))
+        }
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(typecast: TypecastExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(typecast.parent!==parent)
+            throw FatalAstException("parent node mismatch at $typecast")
+
+        if(typecast.expression is NumericLiteralValue) {
+            val value = (typecast.expression as NumericLiteralValue).cast(typecast.type)
+            if(value.isValid)
+                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(typecast, value.valueOrZero(), parent))
+        }
+
+        val sourceDt = typecast.expression.inferType(program)
+        if(sourceDt istype typecast.type)
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(typecast, typecast.expression, parent))
+
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(subroutine: Subroutine, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(subroutine.parent!==parent)
+            throw FatalAstException("parent node mismatch at $subroutine")
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(assignment: Assignment, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(assignment.parent!==parent)
+            throw FatalAstException("parent node mismatch at $assignment")
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(assignTarget: AssignTarget, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(assignTarget.parent!==parent)
+            throw FatalAstException("parent node mismatch at $assignTarget")
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(decl.parent!==parent)
+            throw FatalAstException("parent node mismatch at $decl")
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(scope: AnonymousScope, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(scope.parent!==parent)
+            throw FatalAstException("parent node mismatch at $scope")
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(returnStmt: Return, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(returnStmt.parent!==parent)
+            throw FatalAstException("parent node mismatch at $returnStmt")
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun after(identifier: IdentifierReference, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(identifier.parent!==parent)
+            throw FatalAstException("parent node mismatch at $identifier")
+        return noModifications
+    }
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/VerifyFunctionArgTypes.kt

@@ -1,26 +1,26 @@
-package prog8.ast.processing
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
 import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
-import prog8.ast.INameScope
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.DataType
 import prog8.ast.expressions.Expression
 import prog8.ast.expressions.FunctionCall
 import prog8.ast.expressions.TypecastExpression
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
 import prog8.compiler.CompilerException
-import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.compiler.functions.BuiltinFunctions
 
 class VerifyFunctionArgTypes(val program: Program) : IAstVisitor {
 
     override fun visit(functionCall: FunctionCall) {
-        val error = checkTypes(functionCall as IFunctionCall, functionCall.definingScope(), program)
+        val error = checkTypes(functionCall as IFunctionCall, program)
         if(error!=null)
             throw CompilerException(error)
     }
 
     override fun visit(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement) {
-        val error = checkTypes(functionCallStatement as IFunctionCall, functionCallStatement.definingScope(), program)
+        val error = checkTypes(functionCallStatement as IFunctionCall, program)
         if (error!=null)
             throw CompilerException(error)
     }
@@ -39,13 +39,13 @@ class VerifyFunctionArgTypes(val program: Program) : IAstVisitor {
             return false
         }
 
-        fun checkTypes(call: IFunctionCall, scope: INameScope, program: Program): String? {
+        fun checkTypes(call: IFunctionCall, program: Program): String? {
             val argITypes = call.args.map { it.inferType(program) }
             val firstUnknownDt = argITypes.indexOfFirst { it.isUnknown }
             if(firstUnknownDt>=0)
                 return "argument ${firstUnknownDt+1} invalid argument type"
-            val argtypes = argITypes.map { it.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) }
-            val target = call.target.targetStatement(scope)
+            val argtypes = argITypes.map { it.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED) }
+            val target = call.target.targetStatement(program)
             if (target is Subroutine) {
                 if(call.args.size != target.parameters.size)
                     return "invalid number of arguments"

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/functions/BuiltinFunctions.kt

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
-package prog8.functions
+package prog8.compiler.functions
 
+import prog8.ast.IMemSizer
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.StructDecl
 import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
 import prog8.compiler.CompilerException
 import kotlin.math.*
 
 
-class FParam(val name: String, val possibleDatatypes: Set<DataType>)
+class FParam(val name: String, val possibleDatatypes: Array<DataType>)
 
 
-typealias ConstExpressionCaller = (args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program) -> NumericLiteralValue
+typealias ConstExpressionCaller = (args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer) -> NumericLiteralValue
 
 
 class ReturnConvention(val dt: DataType, val reg: RegisterOrPair?, val floatFac1: Boolean)
@@ -87,55 +87,62 @@ class FSignature(val name: String,
     }
 }
 
+@Suppress("UNUSED_ANONYMOUS_PARAMETER")
 private val functionSignatures: List<FSignature> = listOf(
         // this set of function have no return value and operate in-place:
-    FSignature("rol"         , false, listOf(FParam("item", setOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
-    FSignature("ror"         , false, listOf(FParam("item", setOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
-    FSignature("rol2"        , false, listOf(FParam("item", setOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
-    FSignature("ror2"        , false, listOf(FParam("item", setOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    FSignature("rol"         , false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    FSignature("ror"         , false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    FSignature("rol2"        , false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    FSignature("ror2"        , false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
     FSignature("sort"        , false, listOf(FParam("array", ArrayDatatypes)), null),
     FSignature("reverse"     , false, listOf(FParam("array", ArrayDatatypes)), null),
+    FSignature("cmp"         , false, listOf(FParam("value1", IntegerDatatypes), FParam("value2", NumericDatatypes)), null),
         // these few have a return value depending on the argument(s):
-    FSignature("max"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), null) { a, p, prg -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinMax) },    // type depends on args
-    FSignature("min"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), null) { a, p, prg -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinMin) },    // type depends on args
-    FSignature("sum"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), null) { a, p, prg -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinSum) },      // type depends on args
+    FSignature("max"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), null) { a, p, prg, ct -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinMax) },    // type depends on args
+    FSignature("min"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), null) { a, p, prg, ct -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinMin) },    // type depends on args
+    FSignature("sum"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), null) { a, p, prg, ct -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinSum) },      // type depends on args
     FSignature("abs"         , true, listOf(FParam("value", NumericDatatypes)), null, ::builtinAbs),      // type depends on argument
     FSignature("len"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", IterableDatatypes)), null, ::builtinLen),    // type is UBYTE or UWORD depending on actual length
-    FSignature("sizeof"      , true, listOf(FParam("object", DataType.values().toSet())), DataType.UBYTE, ::builtinSizeof),
-    FSignature("offsetof"    , true, listOf(FParam("object", DataType.values().toSet())), DataType.UBYTE, ::builtinOffsetof),
+    FSignature("sizeof"      , true, listOf(FParam("object", DataType.values())), DataType.UBYTE, ::builtinSizeof),
         // normal functions follow:
     FSignature("sgn"         , true, listOf(FParam("value", NumericDatatypes)), DataType.BYTE, ::builtinSgn ),
-    FSignature("sin"         , true, listOf(FParam("rads", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::sin) },
-    FSignature("sin8"        , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.BYTE, ::builtinSin8 ),
-    FSignature("sin8u"       , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UBYTE, ::builtinSin8u ),
-    FSignature("sin16"       , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.WORD, ::builtinSin16 ),
-    FSignature("sin16u"      , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UWORD, ::builtinSin16u ),
-    FSignature("cos"         , true, listOf(FParam("rads", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::cos) },
-    FSignature("cos8"        , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.BYTE, ::builtinCos8 ),
-    FSignature("cos8u"       , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UBYTE, ::builtinCos8u ),
-    FSignature("cos16"       , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.WORD, ::builtinCos16 ),
-    FSignature("cos16u"      , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UWORD, ::builtinCos16u ),
-    FSignature("tan"         , true, listOf(FParam("rads", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::tan) },
-    FSignature("atan"        , true, listOf(FParam("rads", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::atan) },
-    FSignature("ln"          , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::log) },
-    FSignature("log2"        , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, ::log2) },
-    FSignature("sqrt16"      , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg -> oneIntArgOutputInt(a, p, prg) { sqrt(it.toDouble()).toInt() } },
-    FSignature("sqrt"        , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::sqrt) },
-    FSignature("rad"         , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::toRadians) },
-    FSignature("deg"         , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::toDegrees) },
-    FSignature("round"       , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArgOutputWord(a, p, prg, Math::round) },
-    FSignature("floor"       , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArgOutputWord(a, p, prg, Math::floor) },
-    FSignature("ceil"        , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg -> oneDoubleArgOutputWord(a, p, prg, Math::ceil) },
-    FSignature("any"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinAny) },
-    FSignature("all"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinAll) },
-    FSignature("lsb"         , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg -> oneIntArgOutputInt(a, p, prg) { x: Int -> x and 255 }},
-    FSignature("msb"         , true, listOf(FParam("value", setOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg -> oneIntArgOutputInt(a, p, prg) { x: Int -> x ushr 8 and 255}},
-    FSignature("mkword"      , true, listOf(FParam("msb", setOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("lsb", setOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UWORD, ::builtinMkword),
+    FSignature("sin"         , true, listOf(FParam("rads", arrayOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::sin) },
+    FSignature("sin8"        , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.BYTE, ::builtinSin8 ),
+    FSignature("sin8u"       , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UBYTE, ::builtinSin8u ),
+    FSignature("sin16"       , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.WORD, ::builtinSin16 ),
+    FSignature("sin16u"      , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UWORD, ::builtinSin16u ),
+    FSignature("cos"         , true, listOf(FParam("rads", arrayOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::cos) },
+    FSignature("cos8"        , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.BYTE, ::builtinCos8 ),
+    FSignature("cos8u"       , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UBYTE, ::builtinCos8u ),
+    FSignature("cos16"       , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.WORD, ::builtinCos16 ),
+    FSignature("cos16u"      , true, listOf(FParam("angle8", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UWORD, ::builtinCos16u ),
+    FSignature("tan"         , true, listOf(FParam("rads", arrayOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::tan) },
+    FSignature("atan"        , true, listOf(FParam("rads", arrayOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::atan) },
+    FSignature("ln"          , true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::log) },
+    FSignature("log2"        , true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, ::log2) },
+    FSignature("sqrt16"      , true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneIntArgOutputInt(a, p, prg) { sqrt(it.toDouble()).toInt() } },
+    FSignature("sqrt"        , true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::sqrt) },
+    FSignature("rad"         , true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::toRadians) },
+    FSignature("deg"         , true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArg(a, p, prg, Math::toDegrees) },
+    FSignature("round"       , true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArgOutputWord(a, p, prg, Math::round) },
+    FSignature("floor"       , true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArgOutputWord(a, p, prg, Math::floor) },
+    FSignature("ceil"        , true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneDoubleArgOutputWord(a, p, prg, Math::ceil) },
+    FSignature("any"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg, ct -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinAny) },
+    FSignature("all"         , true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg, ct -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinAll) },
+    FSignature("lsb"         , true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneIntArgOutputInt(a, p, prg) { x: Int -> x and 255 } },
+    FSignature("msb"         , true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), DataType.UBYTE) { a, p, prg, ct -> oneIntArgOutputInt(a, p, prg) { x: Int -> x ushr 8 and 255} },
+    FSignature("mkword"      , true, listOf(FParam("msb", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("lsb", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UWORD, ::builtinMkword),
+    FSignature("peek"        , true, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    FSignature("peekw"       , true, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
+    FSignature("poke"        , false, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), null),
+    FSignature("pokew"       , false, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), null),
     FSignature("rnd"         , false, emptyList(), DataType.UBYTE),
     FSignature("rndw"        , false, emptyList(), DataType.UWORD),
     FSignature("rndf"        , false, emptyList(), DataType.FLOAT),
-    FSignature("memory"      , true, listOf(FParam("name", setOf(DataType.STR)), FParam("size", setOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
+    FSignature("memory"      , true, listOf(FParam("name", arrayOf(DataType.STR)), FParam("size", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
     FSignature("swap"        , false, listOf(FParam("first", NumericDatatypes), FParam("second", NumericDatatypes)), null),
+    FSignature("callfar"     , false, listOf(FParam("bank", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("arg", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    FSignature("callrom"     , false, listOf(FParam("bank", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("arg", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), null),
 
 )
 
@@ -146,7 +153,7 @@ fun builtinMax(array: List<Number>): Number = array.maxByOrNull { it.toDouble()
 
 fun builtinMin(array: List<Number>): Number = array.minByOrNull { it.toDouble() }!!
 
-fun builtinSum(array: List<Number>): Number = array.sumByDouble { it.toDouble() }
+fun builtinSum(array: List<Number>): Number = array.sumOf { it.toDouble() }
 
 fun builtinAny(array: List<Number>): Number = if(array.any { it.toDouble()!=0.0 }) 1 else 0
 
@@ -157,7 +164,7 @@ fun builtinFunctionReturnType(function: String, args: List<Expression>, program:
 
     fun datatypeFromIterableArg(arglist: Expression): DataType {
         if(arglist is ArrayLiteralValue) {
-            val dt = arglist.value.map {it.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)}.toSet()
+            val dt = arglist.value.map {it.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)}.toSet()
             if(dt.any { it !in NumericDatatypes }) {
                 throw FatalAstException("fuction $function only accepts array of numeric values")
             }
@@ -171,9 +178,9 @@ fun builtinFunctionReturnType(function: String, args: List<Expression>, program:
             val idt = arglist.inferType(program)
             if(!idt.isKnown)
                 throw FatalAstException("couldn't determine type of iterable $arglist")
-            return when(val dt = idt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
+            return when(val dt = idt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
                 DataType.STR, in NumericDatatypes -> dt
-                in ArrayDatatypes -> ArrayElementTypes.getValue(dt)
+                in ArrayDatatypes -> ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(dt)
                 else -> throw FatalAstException("function '$function' requires one argument which is an iterable")
             }
         }
@@ -188,7 +195,7 @@ fun builtinFunctionReturnType(function: String, args: List<Expression>, program:
     return when (function) {
         "abs" -> {
             val dt = args.single().inferType(program)
-            return if(dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) in NumericDatatypes)
+            return if(dt.isNumeric)
                 dt
             else
                 InferredTypes.InferredType.unknown()
@@ -197,7 +204,7 @@ fun builtinFunctionReturnType(function: String, args: List<Expression>, program:
             when(val dt = datatypeFromIterableArg(args.single())) {
                 DataType.STR -> InferredTypes.knownFor(DataType.UBYTE)
                 in NumericDatatypes -> InferredTypes.knownFor(dt)
-                in ArrayDatatypes -> InferredTypes.knownFor(ArrayElementTypes.getValue(dt))
+                in ArrayDatatypes -> InferredTypes.knownFor(ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(dt))
                 else -> InferredTypes.unknown()
             }
         }
@@ -266,7 +273,8 @@ private fun collectionArg(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: P
     return NumericLiteralValue.optimalNumeric(function(constElements.mapNotNull { it }), args[0].position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinAbs(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinAbs(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     // 1 arg, type = float or int, result type= isSameAs as argument type
     if(args.size!=1)
         throw SyntaxError("abs requires one numeric argument", position)
@@ -279,29 +287,7 @@ private fun builtinAbs(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Prog
     }
 }
 
-private fun builtinOffsetof(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
-    // 1 arg, type = anything, result type = ubyte
-    if(args.size!=1)
-        throw SyntaxError("offsetof requires one argument", position)
-    val idref = args[0] as? IdentifierReference
-        ?: throw SyntaxError("offsetof argument should be an identifier", position)
-
-    val vardecl = idref.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
-    val struct = vardecl.struct
-    if (struct == null || vardecl.datatype == DataType.STRUCT)
-        throw SyntaxError("offsetof can only be used on struct members", position)
-
-    val membername = idref.nameInSource.last()
-    var offset = 0
-    for(member in struct.statements) {
-        if((member as VarDecl).name == membername)
-            return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, offset, position)
-        offset += member.datatype.memorySize()
-    }
-    throw SyntaxError("undefined struct member", position)
-}
-
-private fun builtinSizeof(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+private fun builtinSizeof(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     // 1 arg, type = anything, result type = ubyte
     if(args.size!=1)
         throw SyntaxError("sizeof requires one argument", position)
@@ -310,39 +296,30 @@ private fun builtinSizeof(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: P
 
     val dt = args[0].inferType(program)
     if(dt.isKnown) {
-        val target = (args[0] as IdentifierReference).targetStatement(program.namespace)
+        val target = (args[0] as IdentifierReference).targetStatement(program)
                 ?: throw CannotEvaluateException("sizeof", "no target")
 
-        fun structSize(target: StructDecl) =
-                NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, target.statements.map { (it as VarDecl).datatype.memorySize() }.sum(), position)
-
         return when {
-            dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT) in ArrayDatatypes -> {
+            dt.isArray -> {
                 val length = (target as VarDecl).arraysize!!.constIndex() ?: throw CannotEvaluateException("sizeof", "unknown array size")
-                val elementDt = ArrayElementTypes.getValue(dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT))
-                numericLiteral(elementDt.memorySize() * length, position)
+                val elementDt = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(dt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED))
+                numericLiteral(memsizer.memorySize(elementDt) * length, position)
             }
-            dt.istype(DataType.STRUCT) -> {
-                when (target) {
-                    is VarDecl -> structSize(target.struct!!)
-                    is StructDecl -> structSize(target)
-                    else -> throw CompilerException("weird struct type $target")
-                }
-            }
-            dt.istype(DataType.STR) -> throw SyntaxError("sizeof str is undefined, did you mean len?", position)
-            else -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT).memorySize(), position)
+            dt istype DataType.STR -> throw SyntaxError("sizeof str is undefined, did you mean len?", position)
+            else -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, memsizer.memorySize(dt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)), position)
         }
     } else {
         throw SyntaxError("sizeof invalid argument type", position)
     }
 }
 
-private fun builtinLen(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
-    // note: in some cases the length is > 255 and then we have to return a UWORD type instead of a UBYTE.
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinLen(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
+    // note: in some cases the length is > 255, and then we have to return a UWORD type instead of a UBYTE.
     if(args.size!=1)
         throw SyntaxError("len requires one argument", position)
 
-    val directMemVar = ((args[0] as? DirectMemoryRead)?.addressExpression as? IdentifierReference)?.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
+    val directMemVar = ((args[0] as? DirectMemoryRead)?.addressExpression as? IdentifierReference)?.targetVarDecl(program)
     var arraySize = directMemVar?.arraysize?.constIndex()
     if(arraySize != null)
         return NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(arraySize, position)
@@ -350,7 +327,7 @@ private fun builtinLen(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Prog
         return NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger((args[0] as ArrayLiteralValue).value.size, position)
     if(args[0] !is IdentifierReference)
         throw SyntaxError("len argument should be an identifier", position)
-    val target = (args[0] as IdentifierReference).targetVarDecl(program.namespace)
+    val target = (args[0] as IdentifierReference).targetVarDecl(program)
             ?: throw CannotEvaluateException("len", "no target vardecl")
 
     return when(target.datatype) {
@@ -361,17 +338,17 @@ private fun builtinLen(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Prog
             NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(arraySize, args[0].position)
         }
         DataType.STR -> {
-            val refLv = target.value as StringLiteralValue
+            val refLv = target.value as? StringLiteralValue ?: throw CannotEvaluateException("len", "stringsize unknown")
             NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(refLv.value.length, args[0].position)
         }
-        DataType.STRUCT -> throw SyntaxError("cannot use len on struct, did you mean sizeof?", args[0].position)
         in NumericDatatypes -> throw SyntaxError("cannot use len on numeric value, did you mean sizeof?", args[0].position)
         else -> throw CompilerException("weird datatype")
     }
 }
 
 
-private fun builtinMkword(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinMkword(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 2)
         throw SyntaxError("mkword requires msb and lsb arguments", position)
     val constMsb = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
@@ -380,7 +357,8 @@ private fun builtinMkword(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: P
     return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, result, position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinSin8(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinSin8(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("sin8 requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
@@ -388,7 +366,8 @@ private fun builtinSin8(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Pro
     return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, (127.0 * sin(rad)).toInt().toShort(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinSin8u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinSin8u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("sin8u requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
@@ -396,7 +375,8 @@ private fun builtinSin8u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Pr
     return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, (128.0 + 127.5 * sin(rad)).toInt().toShort(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinCos8(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinCos8(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("cos8 requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
@@ -404,7 +384,8 @@ private fun builtinCos8(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Pro
     return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, (127.0 * cos(rad)).toInt().toShort(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinCos8u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinCos8u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("cos8u requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
@@ -412,7 +393,8 @@ private fun builtinCos8u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Pr
     return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, (128.0 + 127.5 * cos(rad)).toInt().toShort(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinSin16(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinSin16(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("sin16 requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
@@ -420,7 +402,8 @@ private fun builtinSin16(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Pr
     return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.WORD, (32767.0 * sin(rad)).toInt(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinSin16u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinSin16u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("sin16u requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
@@ -428,7 +411,8 @@ private fun builtinSin16u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: P
     return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, (32768.0 + 32767.5 * sin(rad)).toInt(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinCos16(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinCos16(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("cos16 requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
@@ -436,7 +420,8 @@ private fun builtinCos16(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Pr
     return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.WORD, (32767.0 * cos(rad)).toInt(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinCos16u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinCos16u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("cos16u requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
@@ -444,7 +429,8 @@ private fun builtinCos16u(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: P
     return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, (32768.0 + 32767.5 * cos(rad)).toInt(), position)
 }
 
-private fun builtinSgn(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteralValue {
+@Suppress("UNUSED_PARAMETER")
+private fun builtinSgn(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue {
     if (args.size != 1)
         throw SyntaxError("sgn requires one argument", position)
     val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/CompilationTarget.kt

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target
-
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.base.ErrorReporter
-import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.compiler.Zeropage
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.Petscii
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.AsmGen
-import prog8.compiler.target.cx16.CX16MachineDefinition
-import java.nio.file.Path
-
-
-internal interface CompilationTarget {
-    val name: String
-    val machine: IMachineDefinition
-    fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean): List<Short>
-    fun decodeString(bytes: List<Short>, altEncoding: Boolean): String
-    fun asmGenerator(program: Program, errors: ErrorReporter, zp: Zeropage, options: CompilationOptions, path: Path): IAssemblyGenerator
-
-    companion object {
-        lateinit var instance: CompilationTarget
-    }
-}
-
-
-internal object C64Target: CompilationTarget {
-    override val name = "c64"
-    override val machine = C64MachineDefinition
-    override fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean) =
-            if(altEncoding) Petscii.encodeScreencode(str, true) else Petscii.encodePetscii(str, true)
-    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<Short>, altEncoding: Boolean) =
-            if(altEncoding) Petscii.decodeScreencode(bytes, true) else Petscii.decodePetscii(bytes, true)
-    override fun asmGenerator(program: Program, errors: ErrorReporter, zp: Zeropage, options: CompilationOptions, path: Path) =
-            AsmGen(program, errors, zp, options, path)
-}
-
-internal object Cx16Target: CompilationTarget {
-    override val name = "cx16"
-    override val machine = CX16MachineDefinition
-    override fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean) =
-            if(altEncoding) Petscii.encodeScreencode(str, true) else Petscii.encodePetscii(str, true)
-    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<Short>, altEncoding: Boolean) =
-            if(altEncoding) Petscii.decodeScreencode(bytes, true) else Petscii.decodePetscii(bytes, true)
-    override fun asmGenerator(program: Program, errors: ErrorReporter, zp: Zeropage, options: CompilationOptions, path: Path) =
-            AsmGen(program, errors, zp, options, path)
-}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/IAssemblyGenerator.kt

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ internal const val subroutineFloatEvalResultVar1 = "_prog8_float_eval_result1"
 internal const val subroutineFloatEvalResultVar2 = "_prog8_float_eval_result2"
 
 internal interface IAssemblyProgram {
+    val valid: Boolean
     val name: String
-    fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions)
+    fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions): Int
 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/ICompilationTarget.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+package prog8.compiler.target
+
+import com.github.michaelbull.result.fold
+import prog8.ast.IMemSizer
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.*
+import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
+import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.statements.AssignTarget
+import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
+import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compiler.IStringEncoding
+import prog8.compiler.Zeropage
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition
+import prog8.compiler.target.cbm.Petscii
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.AsmGen
+import prog8.compiler.target.cx16.CX16MachineDefinition
+import java.io.CharConversionException
+import java.nio.file.Path
+
+
+interface ICompilationTarget: IStringEncoding, IMemSizer {
+    val name: String
+    val machine: IMachineDefinition
+    override fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean): List<Short>
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<Short>, altEncoding: Boolean): String
+}
+
+
+internal object C64Target: ICompilationTarget {
+    override val name = "c64"
+    override val machine = C64MachineDefinition
+    override fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean): List<Short> {
+        val coded = if (altEncoding) Petscii.encodeScreencode(str, true) else Petscii.encodePetscii(str, true)
+        return coded.fold(
+            failure = { throw it },
+            success = { it }
+        )
+    }
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<Short>, altEncoding: Boolean) =
+        try {
+            if (altEncoding) Petscii.decodeScreencode(bytes, true) else Petscii.decodePetscii(bytes, true)
+        } catch (x: CharConversionException) {
+            throw CharConversionException("can't decode string: ${x.message}")
+        }
+
+    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType): Int {
+        return when(dt) {
+            in ByteDatatypes -> 1
+            in WordDatatypes -> 2
+            DataType.FLOAT -> machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
+            in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> machine.POINTER_MEM_SIZE
+            else -> -9999999
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+internal object Cx16Target: ICompilationTarget {
+    override val name = "cx16"
+    override val machine = CX16MachineDefinition
+    override fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean): List<Short> {
+        val coded= if (altEncoding) Petscii.encodeScreencode(str, true) else Petscii.encodePetscii(str, true)
+        return coded.fold(
+            failure = { throw it },
+            success = { it }
+        )
+    }
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<Short>, altEncoding: Boolean) =
+        try {
+            if (altEncoding) Petscii.decodeScreencode(bytes, true) else Petscii.decodePetscii(bytes, true)
+        } catch (x: CharConversionException) {
+            throw CharConversionException("can't decode string: ${x.message}")
+        }
+
+    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType): Int {
+        return when(dt) {
+            in ByteDatatypes -> 1
+            in WordDatatypes -> 2
+            DataType.FLOAT -> machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
+            in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> machine.POINTER_MEM_SIZE
+            else -> -9999999
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+internal fun asmGeneratorFor(
+    compTarget: ICompilationTarget,
+    program: Program,
+    errors: IErrorReporter,
+    zp: Zeropage,
+    options: CompilationOptions,
+    outputDir: Path
+): IAssemblyGenerator
+{
+    // at the moment we only have one code generation backend (for 6502 and 65c02)
+    return AsmGen(program, errors, zp, options, compTarget, outputDir)
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/IMachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,22 +1,21 @@
 package prog8.compiler.target
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
 import prog8.compiler.Zeropage
-import prog8.parser.ModuleImporter
+import java.nio.file.Path
 
 
-internal interface IMachineFloat {
+interface IMachineFloat {
     fun toDouble(): Double
     fun makeFloatFillAsm(): String
 }
 
-internal enum class CpuType {
+enum class CpuType {
     CPU6502,
     CPU65c02
 }
 
-internal interface IMachineDefinition {
+interface IMachineDefinition {
     val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE: Double
     val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE: Double
     val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE: Int
@@ -32,7 +31,8 @@ internal interface IMachineDefinition {
 
     fun initializeZeropage(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions)
     fun getFloat(num: Number): IMachineFloat
-    fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, importer: ModuleImporter, program: Program)
-    fun launchEmulator(programName: String)
+
+    fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, compilationTargetName: String): List<String>
+    fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path)
     fun isRegularRAMaddress(address: Int): Boolean
 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/c64/C64MachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 package prog8.compiler.target.c64
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.compiler.*
 import prog8.compiler.target.CpuType
 import prog8.compiler.target.IMachineDefinition
 import prog8.compiler.target.IMachineFloat
-import prog8.parser.ModuleImporter
+import prog8.compiler.target.cbm.viceMonListPostfix
 import java.io.IOException
+import java.nio.file.Path
 import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
 import kotlin.math.pow
 
@@ -30,16 +30,23 @@ internal object C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
     override fun getFloat(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num)
 
-    override fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, importer: ModuleImporter, program: Program) {
-        if (compilerOptions.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC || compilerOptions.output == OutputType.PRG)
-            importer.importLibraryModule(program, "syslib")
+    override fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions,compilationTargetName: String): List<String> {
+        return if (compilerOptions.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC || compilerOptions.output == OutputType.PRG)
+            listOf("syslib")
+        else
+            emptyList()
     }
 
-    override fun launchEmulator(programName: String) {
+    override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path) {
+        if(selectedEmulator!=1) {
+            System.err.println("The c64 target only supports the main emulator (Vice).")
+            return
+        }
+
         for(emulator in listOf("x64sc", "x64")) {
             println("\nStarting C-64 emulator $emulator...")
-            val cmdline = listOf(emulator, "-silent", "-moncommands", "$programName.vice-mon-list",
-                    "-autostartprgmode", "1", "-autostart-warp", "-autostart", programName + ".prg")
+            val cmdline = listOf(emulator, "-silent", "-moncommands", "${programNameWithPath}.$viceMonListPostfix",
+                    "-autostartprgmode", "1", "-autostart-warp", "-autostart", "${programNameWithPath}.prg")
             val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline).inheritIO()
             val process: Process
             try {
@@ -79,7 +86,7 @@ internal object C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
 
         init {
-            if (options.floats && options.zeropage !in setOf(ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE ))
+            if (options.floats && options.zeropage !in arrayOf(ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE ))
                 throw CompilerException("when floats are enabled, zero page type should be 'floatsafe' or 'basicsafe' or 'dontuse'")
 
             if (options.zeropage == ZeropageType.FULL) {
@@ -102,13 +109,14 @@ internal object C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
                             0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0x7b, 0x7c,
                             0x7d, 0x7e, 0x7f, 0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, 0x88, 0x89, 0x8a,
                             0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f, 0xff
-                            // 0x90-0xfa is 'kernel work storage area'
+                            // 0x90-0xfa is 'kernal work storage area'
                     ))
                 }
 
                 if (options.zeropage == ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE) {
-                    // remove the zero page locations used for floating point operations from the free list
+                    // remove the zeropage locations used for floating point operations from the free list
                     free.removeAll(listOf(
+                            0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25,
                             0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x26, 0x27, 0x28, 0x29, 0x2a,
                             0x57, 0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0x5f, 0x60,
                             0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68,

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cbm/AssemblyProgram.kt

@@ -1,20 +1,26 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64
+package prog8.compiler.target.cbm
 
 import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
 import prog8.compiler.OutputType
-import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
 import prog8.compiler.target.IAssemblyProgram
 import prog8.compiler.target.generatedLabelPrefix
 import java.nio.file.Path
-import kotlin.system.exitProcess
 
-class AssemblyProgram(override val name: String, outputDir: Path) : IAssemblyProgram {
+
+internal const val viceMonListPostfix = "vice-mon-list"
+
+class AssemblyProgram(
+        override val valid: Boolean,
+        override val name: String,
+        outputDir: Path,
+        private val compTarget: String) : IAssemblyProgram {
+
     private val assemblyFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.asm")
     private val prgFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.prg")
     private val binFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.bin")
-    private val viceMonListFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.vice-mon-list")
+    private val viceMonListFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.$viceMonListPostfix")
 
-    override fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions) {
+    override fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions): Int {
         // add "-Wlong-branch"  to see warnings about conversion of branch instructions to jumps (default = do this silently)
         val command = mutableListOf("64tass", "--ascii", "--case-sensitive", "--long-branch",
                 "-Wall", "-Wno-strict-bool", "-Wno-shadow", // "-Werror",
@@ -23,12 +29,12 @@ class AssemblyProgram(override val name: String, outputDir: Path) : IAssemblyPro
         val outFile = when (options.output) {
             OutputType.PRG -> {
                 command.add("--cbm-prg")
-                println("\nCreating prg for target ${CompilationTarget.instance.name}.")
+                println("\nCreating prg for target $compTarget.")
                 prgFile
             }
             OutputType.RAW -> {
                 command.add("--nostart")
-                println("\nCreating raw binary for target ${CompilationTarget.instance.name}.")
+                println("\nCreating raw binary for target $compTarget.")
                 binFile
             }
         }
@@ -36,13 +42,11 @@ class AssemblyProgram(override val name: String, outputDir: Path) : IAssemblyPro
 
         val proc = ProcessBuilder(command).inheritIO().start()
         val result = proc.waitFor()
-        if (result != 0) {
-            System.err.println("assembler failed with returncode $result")
-            exitProcess(result)
+        if (result == 0) {
+            removeGeneratedLabelsFromMonlist()
+            generateBreakpointList()
         }
-
-        removeGeneratedLabelsFromMonlist()
-        generateBreakpointList()
+        return result
     }
 
     private fun removeGeneratedLabelsFromMonlist() {

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/AsmOptimizer.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen
+package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen
 
 
 // note: see https://wiki.nesdev.com/w/index.php/6502_assembly_optimisations
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ private fun getLinesBy(lines: MutableList<String>, windowSize: Int) =
         lines.withIndex().filter { it.value.isNotBlank() && !it.value.trimStart().startsWith(';') }.windowed(windowSize, partialWindows = false)
 
 private fun optimizeCmpSequence(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<Modification> {
-    // the when statement (on bytes) generates a sequence of:
+    // when statement (on bytes) generates a sequence of:
     //	 lda  $ce01,x
     //	 cmp  #$20
     //	 beq  check_prog8_s72choice_32

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/ForLoopsAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen
+package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen
 
 import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.base.ArrayElementTypes
+import prog8.ast.base.ArrayToElementTypes
 import prog8.ast.base.DataType
 import prog8.ast.base.RegisterOrPair
 import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
 import prog8.ast.expressions.RangeExpr
 import prog8.ast.statements.ForLoop
+import prog8.ast.toHex
 import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
-import prog8.compiler.toHex
+import prog8.compiler.astprocessing.toConstantIntegerRange
 import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
 
 internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
@@ -19,15 +20,15 @@ internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen:
             throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
         when(stmt.iterable) {
             is RangeExpr -> {
-                val range = (stmt.iterable as RangeExpr).toConstantIntegerRange()
+                val range = (stmt.iterable as RangeExpr).toConstantIntegerRange(asmgen.options.compTarget)
                 if(range==null) {
-                    translateForOverNonconstRange(stmt, iterableDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT), stmt.iterable as RangeExpr)
+                    translateForOverNonconstRange(stmt, iterableDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), stmt.iterable as RangeExpr)
                 } else {
-                    translateForOverConstRange(stmt, iterableDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT), range)
+                    translateForOverConstRange(stmt, iterableDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), range)
                 }
             }
             is IdentifierReference -> {
-                translateForOverIterableVar(stmt, iterableDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT), stmt.iterable as IdentifierReference)
+                translateForOverIterableVar(stmt, iterableDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), stmt.iterable as IdentifierReference)
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("can't iterate over ${stmt.iterable.javaClass} - should have been replaced by a variable")
         }
@@ -40,6 +41,13 @@ internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen:
         val modifiedLabel2 = asmgen.makeLabel("for_modifiedb")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
         val stepsize=range.step.constValue(program)!!.number.toInt()
+
+        if(stepsize < -1) {
+            val limit = range.to.constValue(program)?.number?.toDouble()
+            if(limit==0.0)
+                throw AssemblyError("for unsigned loop variable it's not possible to count down with step != -1 from a non-const value to exactly zero due to value wrapping")
+        }
+
         when(iterableDt) {
             DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UB -> {
                 if (stepsize==1 || stepsize==-1) {
@@ -49,17 +57,17 @@ internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen:
                     val incdec = if(stepsize==1) "inc" else "dec"
                     // loop over byte range via loopvar
                     val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
-                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.from, varname, ArrayElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt), null)
-                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.to, "$modifiedLabel+1", ArrayElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt), null)
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.from, varname, ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt), null)
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.to, "$modifiedLabel+1", ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt), null)
                     asmgen.out(loopLabel)
                     asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
                     asmgen.out("""
                         lda  $varname
 $modifiedLabel          cmp  #0         ; modified 
                         beq  $endLabel
-                        $incdec  $varname
-                        jmp  $loopLabel
-$endLabel""")
+                        $incdec  $varname""")
+                    asmgen.jmp(loopLabel)
+                    asmgen.out(endLabel)
 
                 } else {
 
@@ -67,8 +75,8 @@ $endLabel""")
 
                     // loop over byte range via loopvar
                     val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
-                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.from, varname, ArrayElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt), null)
-                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.to, "$modifiedLabel+1", ArrayElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt), null)
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.from, varname, ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt), null)
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.to, "$modifiedLabel+1", ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt), null)
                     asmgen.out(loopLabel)
                     asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
                     if(stepsize>0) {
@@ -117,16 +125,15 @@ $modifiedLabel2 cmp  #0    ; modified
                             asmgen.out("""
 +               inc  $varname
                 bne  $loopLabel
-                inc  $varname+1
-                jmp  $loopLabel
-                            """)
+                inc  $varname+1""")
+                            asmgen.jmp(loopLabel)
                         } else {
                             asmgen.out("""
 +               lda  $varname
                 bne  +
                 dec  $varname+1
-+               dec  $varname
-                jmp  $loopLabel""")
++               dec  $varname""")
+                            asmgen.jmp(loopLabel)
                         }
                         asmgen.out(endLabel)
                     }
@@ -239,7 +246,7 @@ $endLabel""")
         val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
         val iterableName = asmgen.asmVariableName(ident)
-        val decl = ident.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+        val decl = ident.targetVarDecl(program)!!
         when(iterableDt) {
             DataType.STR -> {
                 asmgen.out("""
@@ -282,7 +289,7 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                         bne  $loopLabel
                         beq  $endLabel""")
                 }
-                if(length>=16 && asmgen.zeropage.available() > 0) {
+                if(length>=16 && asmgen.zeropage.hasByteAvailable()) {
                     // allocate index var on ZP
                     val zpAddr = asmgen.zeropage.allocate(indexVar, DataType.UBYTE, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
                     asmgen.out("""$indexVar = $zpAddr  ; auto zp UBYTE""")
@@ -321,7 +328,7 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                         bne  $loopLabel
                         beq  $endLabel""")
                 }
-                if(length>=16 && asmgen.zeropage.available() > 0) {
+                if(length>=16 && asmgen.zeropage.hasByteAvailable()) {
                     // allocate index var on ZP
                     val zpAddr = asmgen.zeropage.allocate(indexVar, DataType.UBYTE, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
                     asmgen.out("""$indexVar = $zpAddr  ; auto zp UBYTE""")
@@ -369,7 +376,7 @@ $loopLabel""")
                         throw AssemblyError("step 0, 1 and -1 should have been handled specifically  $stmt")
                     }
                     2 -> {
-                        if(range.last==255) {
+                        if(range.last==255 || range.last==254) {
                             asmgen.out("""
                                 inc  $varname
                                 beq  $endLabel
@@ -377,34 +384,34 @@ $loopLabel""")
                                 bne  $loopLabel""")
                         } else {
                             asmgen.out("""
+                                inc  $varname
+                                inc  $varname
                                 lda  $varname
-                                cmp  #${range.last}
-                                beq  $endLabel
-                                inc  $varname
-                                inc  $varname
-                                jmp  $loopLabel""")
+                                cmp  #${range.last+2}
+                                bne  $loopLabel""")
                         }
                     }
                     -2 -> {
                         when (range.last) {
-                            0 -> asmgen.out("""
-                                lda  $varname
-                                beq  $endLabel
-                                dec  $varname
-                                dec  $varname
-                                jmp  $loopLabel""")
+                            0 -> {
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                                    lda  $varname
+                                    beq  $endLabel
+                                    dec  $varname
+                                    dec  $varname""")
+                                asmgen.jmp(loopLabel)
+                            }
                             1 -> asmgen.out("""
-                                dec  $varname
-                                beq  $endLabel
-                                dec  $varname
-                                bne  $loopLabel""")
+                                    dec  $varname
+                                    beq  $endLabel
+                                    dec  $varname
+                                    bne  $loopLabel""")
                             else -> asmgen.out("""
-                                lda  $varname
-                                cmp  #${range.last}
-                                beq  $endLabel
-                                dec  $varname
-                                dec  $varname
-                                jmp  $loopLabel""")
+                                    dec  $varname
+                                    dec  $varname
+                                    lda  $varname
+                                    cmp  #${range.last-2}
+                                    bne  $loopLabel""")
                         }
                     }
                     else -> {
@@ -415,8 +422,8 @@ $loopLabel""")
                             beq  $endLabel
                             clc
                             adc  #${range.step}
-                            sta  $varname
-                            jmp  $loopLabel""")
+                            sta  $varname""")
+                        asmgen.jmp(loopLabel)
                     }
                 }
                 asmgen.out(endLabel)
@@ -452,9 +459,9 @@ $loopLabel""")
                             sta  $varname
                             lda  $varname+1
                             adc  #>${range.step}
-                            sta  $varname+1
-                            jmp  $loopLabel
-$endLabel""")
+                            sta  $varname+1""")
+                        asmgen.jmp(loopLabel)
+                        asmgen.out(endLabel)
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -480,11 +487,10 @@ $loopLabel""")
 $endLabel""")
         } else {
             asmgen.out("""
-                lda  $varname
-                cmp  #${range.last}
-                beq  $endLabel
                 inc  $varname
-                jmp  $loopLabel
+                lda  $varname
+                cmp  #${range.last+1}
+                bne  $loopLabel
 $endLabel""")
         }
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
@@ -505,23 +511,22 @@ $loopLabel""")
                 asmgen.out("""
                     lda  $varname
                     beq  $endLabel
-                    dec  $varname
-                    jmp  $loopLabel
-$endLabel""")
+                    dec  $varname""")
+                asmgen.jmp(loopLabel)
+                asmgen.out(endLabel)
             }
             1 -> {
                 asmgen.out("""
                     dec  $varname
-                    jmp  $loopLabel
+                    bne  $loopLabel
 $endLabel""")
             }
             else -> {
                 asmgen.out("""
-                    lda  $varname
-                    cmp  #${range.last}
-                    beq  $endLabel
                     dec  $varname
-                    jmp  $loopLabel
+                    lda  $varname
+                    cmp  #${range.last-1}
+                    bne  $loopLabel
 $endLabel""")
             }
         }
@@ -546,13 +551,12 @@ $loopLabel""")
             bne  +
             lda  $varname+1
             cmp  #>${range.last}
-            bne  +
             beq  $endLabel
 +           inc  $varname
             bne  $loopLabel
-            inc  $varname+1
-            jmp  $loopLabel
-$endLabel""")
+            inc  $varname+1""")
+        asmgen.jmp(loopLabel)
+        asmgen.out(endLabel)
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
@@ -574,17 +578,16 @@ $loopLabel""")
             bne  +
             lda  $varname+1
             cmp  #>${range.last}
-            bne  +
             beq  $endLabel
 +           lda  $varname
             bne  +
             dec  $varname+1
-+           dec  $varname
-            jmp  $loopLabel
-$endLabel""")
++           dec  $varname""")
+        asmgen.jmp(loopLabel)
+        asmgen.out(endLabel)
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
     private fun assignLoopvar(stmt: ForLoop, range: RangeExpr) =
-        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.from, asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar), stmt.loopVarDt(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT), stmt.definingSubroutine())
+        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.from, asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar), stmt.loopVarDt(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), stmt.definingSubroutine)
 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/FunctionCallAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,15 +1,20 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen
+package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen
 
 import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.statements.InlineAssembly
+import prog8.ast.statements.RegisterOrStatusflag
+import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
+import prog8.ast.statements.SubroutineParameter
 import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
-import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
 import prog8.compiler.target.CpuType
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.assignment.*
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment.AsmAssignSource
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment.AsmAssignTarget
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment.AsmAssignment
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment.TargetStorageKind
 
 
 internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
@@ -22,39 +27,37 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
     }
 
     internal fun saveXbeforeCall(stmt: IFunctionCall) {
-        val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program.namespace) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
+        val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
         if(sub.shouldSaveX()) {
             val regSaveOnStack = sub.asmAddress==null       // rom-routines don't require registers to be saved on stack, normal subroutines do because they can contain nested calls
-            val (keepAonEntry: Boolean, keepAonReturn: Boolean) = sub.shouldKeepA()
             if(regSaveOnStack)
-                asmgen.saveRegisterStack(CpuRegister.X, keepAonEntry)
+                asmgen.saveRegisterStack(CpuRegister.X, sub.shouldKeepA().saveOnEntry)
             else
-                asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, (stmt as Node).definingSubroutine()!!)
+                asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, (stmt as Node).definingSubroutine!!)
         }
     }
 
     internal fun restoreXafterCall(stmt: IFunctionCall) {
-        val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program.namespace) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
+        val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
         if(sub.shouldSaveX()) {
             val regSaveOnStack = sub.asmAddress==null       // rom-routines don't require registers to be saved on stack, normal subroutines do because they can contain nested calls
-            val (keepAonEntry: Boolean, keepAonReturn: Boolean) = sub.shouldKeepA()
-
             if(regSaveOnStack)
-                asmgen.restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.X, keepAonReturn)
+                asmgen.restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.X, sub.shouldKeepA().saveOnReturn)
             else
                 asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
         }
     }
 
     internal fun translateFunctionCall(stmt: IFunctionCall) {
-        // Output only the code to setup the parameters and perform the actual call
+        // Output only the code to set up the parameters and perform the actual call
         // NOTE: does NOT output the code to deal with the result values!
         // NOTE: does NOT output code to save/restore the X register for this call! Every caller should deal with this in their own way!!
         //       (you can use subroutine.shouldSaveX() and saveX()/restoreX() routines as a help for this)
 
-        val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program.namespace) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
+        val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
         val subName = asmgen.asmSymbolName(stmt.target)
         if(stmt.args.isNotEmpty()) {
+
             if(sub.asmParameterRegisters.isEmpty()) {
                 // via variables
                 for(arg in sub.parameters.withIndex().zip(stmt.args)) {
@@ -66,18 +69,37 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                     // just a single parameter, no risk of clobbering registers
                     argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(0, sub.parameters.single()), stmt.args[0])
                 } else {
+
+                    fun isNoClobberRisk(expr: Expression): Boolean {
+                        if(expr is AddressOf ||
+                                expr is NumericLiteralValue ||
+                                expr is StringLiteralValue ||
+                                expr is ArrayLiteralValue ||
+                                expr is IdentifierReference)
+                            return true
+
+                        if(expr is FunctionCall) {
+                            if(expr.target.nameInSource==listOf("lsb") || expr.target.nameInSource==listOf("msb"))
+                                return isNoClobberRisk(expr.args[0])
+                            if(expr.target.nameInSource==listOf("mkword"))
+                                return isNoClobberRisk(expr.args[0]) && isNoClobberRisk(expr.args[1])
+                        }
+
+                        return false
+                    }
+
                     when {
-                        stmt.args.all {it is AddressOf ||
-                                it is NumericLiteralValue ||
-                                it is StringLiteralValue ||
-                                it is ArrayLiteralValue ||
-                                it is IdentifierReference} -> {
+                        stmt.args.all {isNoClobberRisk(it)} -> {
                             // There's no risk of clobbering for these simple argument types. Optimize the register loading directly from these values.
+                            // register assignment order: 1) cx16 virtual word registers, 2) actual CPU registers, 3) CPU Carry status flag.
                             val argsInfo = sub.parameters.withIndex().zip(stmt.args).zip(sub.asmParameterRegisters)
-                            val (vregsArgsInfo, otherRegsArgsInfo) = argsInfo.partition { it.second.registerOrPair in Cx16VirtualRegisters }
-                            for(arg in vregsArgsInfo)
+                            val (cx16virtualRegs, args2) = argsInfo.partition { it.second.registerOrPair in Cx16VirtualRegisters }
+                            val (cpuRegs, statusRegs) = args2.partition { it.second.registerOrPair!=null }
+                            for(arg in cx16virtualRegs)
                                 argumentViaRegister(sub, arg.first.first, arg.first.second)
-                            for(arg in otherRegsArgsInfo)
+                            for(arg in cpuRegs)
+                                argumentViaRegister(sub, arg.first.first, arg.first.second)
+                            for(arg in statusRegs)
                                 argumentViaRegister(sub, arg.first.first, arg.first.second)
                         }
                         else -> {
@@ -89,17 +111,22 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
             }
         }
 
-        if(sub.inline && asmgen.options.optimize) {
-            if(sub.containsDefinedVariables())
-                throw AssemblyError("can't inline sub with vars")
-            if(!sub.isAsmSubroutine && sub.parameters.isNotEmpty())
-                throw AssemblyError("can't inline a non-asm subroutine with parameters")
-            asmgen.out("  \t; inlined routine follows: ${sub.name} from ${sub.position}")
-            val statements = sub.statements.filter { it !is ParameterVarDecl && it !is Directive }
-            statements.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
-        }
-        else {
+        if(!sub.inline || !asmgen.options.optimize) {
             asmgen.out("  jsr  $subName")
+        } else {
+            // inline the subroutine.
+            // we do this by copying the subroutine's statements at the call site.
+            // NOTE: *if* there is a return statement, it will be the only one, and the very last statement of the subroutine
+            // (this condition has been enforced by an ast check earlier)
+
+            // note: for now, this is only reliably supported for asmsubs.
+            if(!sub.isAsmSubroutine)
+                throw AssemblyError("can only reliably inline asmsub routines at this time")
+
+            asmgen.out("  \t; inlined routine follows: ${sub.name}")
+            val assembly = sub.statements.single() as InlineAssembly
+            asmgen.translate(assembly)
+            asmgen.out("  \t; inlined routine end: ${sub.name}")
         }
 
         // remember: dealing with the X register and/or dealing with return values is the responsibility of the caller
@@ -130,11 +157,11 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                     argForCarry = argi
                 }
                 argi.value.second.statusflag != null -> throw AssemblyError("can only use Carry as status flag parameter")
-                argi.value.second.registerOrPair in setOf(RegisterOrPair.X, RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.XY) -> {
+                argi.value.second.registerOrPair in arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.X, RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.XY) -> {
                     require(argForXregister==null)
                     argForXregister = argi
                 }
-                argi.value.second.registerOrPair in setOf(RegisterOrPair.A, RegisterOrPair.AY) -> {
+                argi.value.second.registerOrPair in arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.A, RegisterOrPair.AY) -> {
                     require(argForAregister == null)
                     argForAregister = argi
                 }
@@ -146,21 +173,31 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                     when (sub.parameters[argi.index].type) {
                         in ByteDatatypes -> {
                             // only load the lsb of the virtual register
-                            asmgen.out("""
+                            asmgen.out(
+                                """
                                 lda  P8ESTACK_LO$plusIdxStr,x
-                                sta  cx16.${argi.value.second.registerOrPair.toString().toLowerCase()}
+                                sta  cx16.${argi.value.second.registerOrPair.toString().lowercase()}
                             """)
-                            if (CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
-                                asmgen.out("  stz  cx16.${argi.value.second.registerOrPair.toString().toLowerCase()}+1")
+                            if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+                                asmgen.out(
+                                    "  stz  cx16.${
+                                        argi.value.second.registerOrPair.toString().lowercase()
+                                    }+1")
                             else
-                                asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  cx16.${argi.value.second.registerOrPair.toString().toLowerCase()}+1")
+                                asmgen.out(
+                                    "  lda  #0 |  sta  cx16.${
+                                        argi.value.second.registerOrPair.toString().lowercase()
+                                    }+1")
                         }
-                        in WordDatatypes ->
-                            asmgen.out("""
+                        in WordDatatypes, in IterableDatatypes ->
+                            asmgen.out(
+                                """
                                 lda  P8ESTACK_LO$plusIdxStr,x
-                                sta  cx16.${argi.value.second.registerOrPair.toString().toLowerCase()}
+                                sta  cx16.${argi.value.second.registerOrPair.toString().lowercase()}
                                 lda  P8ESTACK_HI$plusIdxStr,x
-                                sta  cx16.${argi.value.second.registerOrPair.toString().toLowerCase()}+1
+                                sta  cx16.${
+                                    argi.value.second.registerOrPair.toString().lowercase()
+                                }+1
                             """)
                         else -> throw AssemblyError("weird dt")
                     }
@@ -215,7 +252,7 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
         val valueIDt = value.inferType(program)
         if(!valueIDt.isKnown)
             throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
-        val valueDt = valueIDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+        val valueDt = valueIDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
         if(!isArgumentTypeCompatible(valueDt, parameter.value.type))
             throw AssemblyError("argument type incompatible")
 
@@ -228,7 +265,7 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
         val valueIDt = value.inferType(program)
         if(!valueIDt.isKnown)
             throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
-        val valueDt = valueIDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+        val valueDt = valueIDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
         if(!isArgumentTypeCompatible(valueDt, parameter.value.type))
             throw AssemblyError("argument type incompatible")
 
@@ -240,71 +277,66 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
             if(valueDt largerThan requiredDt)
                 throw AssemblyError("can only convert byte values to word param types")
         }
-        when {
-            statusflag!=null -> {
-                if(requiredDt!=valueDt)
-                    throw AssemblyError("for statusflag, byte value is required")
-                if (statusflag == Statusflag.Pc) {
-                    // this param needs to be set last, right before the jsr
-                    // for now, this is already enforced on the subroutine definition by the Ast Checker
-                    when(value) {
-                        is NumericLiteralValue -> {
-                            val carrySet = value.number.toInt() != 0
-                            asmgen.out(if(carrySet) "  sec" else "  clc")
-                        }
-                        is IdentifierReference -> {
-                            val sourceName = asmgen.asmVariableName(value)
-                            asmgen.out("""
-            pha
-            lda  $sourceName
-            beq  +
-            sec  
-            bcs  ++
-+           clc
-+           pla
-""")
-                        }
-                        else -> {
-                            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.A)
-                            asmgen.out("""
-                                beq  +
-                                sec
-                                bcs  ++
-+                               clc
-+""")
-                        }
+        if (statusflag!=null) {
+            if(requiredDt!=valueDt)
+                throw AssemblyError("for statusflag, byte value is required")
+            if (statusflag == Statusflag.Pc) {
+                // this param needs to be set last, right before the jsr
+                // for now, this is already enforced on the subroutine definition by the Ast Checker
+                when(value) {
+                    is NumericLiteralValue -> {
+                        val carrySet = value.number.toInt() != 0
+                        asmgen.out(if(carrySet) "  sec" else "  clc")
+                    }
+                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                        val sourceName = asmgen.asmVariableName(value)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                pha
+                lda  $sourceName
+                beq  +
+                sec  
+                bcs  ++
+    +           clc
+    +           pla
+    """)
+                    }
+                    else -> {
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.A)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                                    beq  +
+                                    sec
+                                    bcs  ++
+    +                               clc
+    +""")
                     }
                 }
-                else throw AssemblyError("can only use Carry as status flag parameter")
-            }
-            else -> {
-                // via register or register pair
-                register!!
-                if(requiredDt largerThan valueDt) {
-                    // we need to sign extend the source, do this via temporary word variable
-                    val scratchVar = asmgen.asmVariableName("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
-                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, scratchVar, DataType.UBYTE, sub)
-                    asmgen.signExtendVariableLsb(scratchVar, valueDt)
-                    asmgen.assignVariableToRegister(scratchVar, register)
-                }
-                else {
-                    val target: AsmAssignTarget =
-                        if(parameter.value.type in ByteDatatypes && (register==RegisterOrPair.AX || register == RegisterOrPair.AY || register==RegisterOrPair.XY || register in Cx16VirtualRegisters))
-                            AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, parameter.value.type, sub, register = register)
-                        else
-                            AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, sub, program, asmgen)
-                    val src = if(valueDt in PassByReferenceDatatypes) {
-                        if(value is IdentifierReference) {
-                            val addr = AddressOf(value, Position.DUMMY)
-                            AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(addr, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
-                        } else {
-                            AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(value, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
-                        }
+            } else throw AssemblyError("can only use Carry as status flag parameter")
+        }
+        else {
+            // via register or register pair
+            register!!
+            if(requiredDt largerThan valueDt) {
+                // we need to sign extend the source, do this via temporary word variable
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UBYTE, sub)
+                asmgen.signExtendVariableLsb("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", valueDt)
+                asmgen.assignVariableToRegister("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", register)
+            } else {
+                val target: AsmAssignTarget =
+                    if(parameter.value.type in ByteDatatypes && (register==RegisterOrPair.AX || register == RegisterOrPair.AY || register==RegisterOrPair.XY || register in Cx16VirtualRegisters))
+                        AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, parameter.value.type, sub, register = register)
+                    else
+                        AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, sub, program, asmgen)
+                val src = if(valueDt in PassByReferenceDatatypes) {
+                    if(value is IdentifierReference) {
+                        val addr = AddressOf(value, Position.DUMMY)
+                        AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(addr, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
                     } else {
                         AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(value, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
                     }
-                    asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(AsmAssignment(src, target, false, Position.DUMMY))
+                } else {
+                    AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(value, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
                 }
+                asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(AsmAssignment(src, target, false, program.memsizer, Position.DUMMY))
             }
         }
     }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/PostIncrDecrAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen
+package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen
 
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
 import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
 import prog8.ast.statements.PostIncrDecr
+import prog8.ast.toHex
 import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
-import prog8.compiler.toHex
 
 
 internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
         val targetIdent = stmt.target.identifier
         val targetMemory = stmt.target.memoryAddress
         val targetArrayIdx = stmt.target.arrayindexed
-        val scope = stmt.definingSubroutine()
+        val scope = stmt.definingSubroutine
         when {
             targetIdent!=null -> {
                 val what = asmgen.asmVariableName(targetIdent)
-                when (stmt.target.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
+                when (stmt.target.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
                     in ByteDatatypes -> asmgen.out(if (incr) "  inc  $what" else "  dec  $what")
                     in WordDatatypes -> {
                         if(incr)
@@ -65,9 +65,10 @@ internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
             }
             targetArrayIdx!=null -> {
                 val asmArrayvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(targetArrayIdx.arrayvar)
-                val elementDt = targetArrayIdx.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
-                if(targetArrayIdx.indexer.indexNum!=null) {
-                    val indexValue = targetArrayIdx.indexer.constIndex()!! * elementDt.memorySize()
+                val elementDt = targetArrayIdx.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
+                val constIndex = targetArrayIdx.indexer.constIndex()
+                if(constIndex!=null) {
+                    val indexValue = constIndex * program.memsizer.memorySize(elementDt)
                     when(elementDt) {
                         in ByteDatatypes -> asmgen.out(if (incr) "  inc  $asmArrayvarname+$indexValue" else "  dec  $asmArrayvarname+$indexValue")
                         in WordDatatypes -> {

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/assignment/AsmAssignment.kt

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.assignment
+package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment
 
+import prog8.ast.IMemSizer
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.AsmGen
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.AsmGen
 
 
 internal enum class TargetStorageKind {
@@ -58,11 +59,11 @@ internal class AsmAssignTarget(val kind: TargetStorageKind,
             val idt = inferType(program)
             if(!idt.isKnown)
                 throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
-            val dt = idt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+            val dt = idt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
             when {
-                identifier != null -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine(), variableAsmName = asmgen.asmVariableName(identifier!!), origAstTarget =  this)
-                arrayindexed != null -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.ARRAY, program, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine(), array = arrayindexed, origAstTarget =  this)
-                memoryAddress != null -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.MEMORY, program, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine(), memory =  memoryAddress, origAstTarget =  this)
+                identifier != null -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, variableAsmName = asmgen.asmVariableName(identifier!!), origAstTarget =  this)
+                arrayindexed != null -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.ARRAY, program, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, array = arrayindexed, origAstTarget =  this)
+                memoryAddress != null -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.MEMORY, program, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, memory =  memoryAddress, origAstTarget =  this)
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target")
             }
         }
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
                                private val variableAsmName: String? = null,
                                val array: ArrayIndexedExpression? = null,
                                val memory: DirectMemoryRead? = null,
-                               val register: CpuRegister? = null,
+                               val register: RegisterOrPair? = null,
                                val number: NumericLiteralValue? = null,
                                val expression: Expression? = null
 )
@@ -119,13 +120,7 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
             asmgen.asmVariableName(array.arrayvar)
 
     companion object {
-        fun fromAstSource(indexer: ArrayIndex, program: Program, asmgen: AsmGen): AsmAssignSource {
-            return when {
-                indexer.indexNum!=null -> fromAstSource(indexer.indexNum!!, program, asmgen)
-                indexer.indexVar!=null -> fromAstSource(indexer.indexVar!!, program, asmgen)
-                else -> throw AssemblyError("weird indexer")
-            }
-        }
+        fun fromAstSource(indexer: ArrayIndex, program: Program, asmgen: AsmGen): AsmAssignSource = fromAstSource(indexer.indexExpr, program, asmgen)
 
         fun fromAstSource(value: Expression, program: Program, asmgen: AsmGen): AsmAssignSource {
             val cv = value.constValue(program)
@@ -137,18 +132,26 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
                 is StringLiteralValue -> throw AssemblyError("string literal value should not occur anymore for asm generation")
                 is ArrayLiteralValue -> throw AssemblyError("array literal value should not occur anymore for asm generation")
                 is IdentifierReference -> {
-                    val dt = value.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
-                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, dt, variableAsmName = asmgen.asmVariableName(value))
+                    val dt = value.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
+                    val varName=asmgen.asmVariableName(value)
+                    // special case: "cx16.r[0-15]" are 16-bits virtual registers of the commander X16 system
+                    if(dt == DataType.UWORD && varName.lowercase().startsWith("cx16.r")) {
+                        val regStr = varName.lowercase().substring(5)
+                        val reg = RegisterOrPair.valueOf(regStr.uppercase())
+                        AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, dt, register = reg)
+                    } else {
+                        AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, dt, variableAsmName = varName)
+                    }
                 }
                 is DirectMemoryRead -> {
                     AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.MEMORY, program, asmgen, DataType.UBYTE, memory = value)
                 }
                 is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
-                    val dt = value.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+                    val dt = value.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
                     AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.ARRAY, program, asmgen, dt, array = value)
                 }
                 is FunctionCall -> {
-                    when (val sub = value.target.targetStatement(program.namespace)) {
+                    when (val sub = value.target.targetStatement(program)) {
                         is Subroutine -> {
                             val returnType = sub.returntypes.zip(sub.asmReturnvaluesRegisters).firstOrNull { rr -> rr.second.registerOrPair != null || rr.second.statusflag!=null }?.first
                                     ?: throw AssemblyError("can't translate zero return values in assignment")
@@ -159,7 +162,7 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
                             val returnType = value.inferType(program)
                             if(!returnType.isKnown)
                                 throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
-                            AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, returnType.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT), expression = value)
+                            AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, returnType.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), expression = value)
                         }
                         else -> {
                             throw AssemblyError("weird call")
@@ -170,7 +173,7 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
                     val dt = value.inferType(program)
                     if(!dt.isKnown)
                         throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
-                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, dt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT), expression = value)
+                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, dt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), expression = value)
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -198,12 +201,13 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
 internal class AsmAssignment(val source: AsmAssignSource,
                              val target: AsmAssignTarget,
                              val isAugmentable: Boolean,
+                             memsizer: IMemSizer,
                              val position: Position) {
 
     init {
-        if(target.register !in setOf(RegisterOrPair.XY, RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY))
-            require(source.datatype != DataType.STRUCT) { "must not be placeholder datatype" }
-            require(source.datatype.memorySize() <= target.datatype.memorySize()) {
+        if(target.register !in arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.XY, RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY))
+            require(source.datatype != DataType.UNDEFINED) { "must not be placeholder/undefined datatype" }
+            require(memsizer.memorySize(source.datatype) <= memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)) {
                 "source storage size must be less or equal to target datatype storage size"
             }
     }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/assignment/AssignmentAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.assignment
+package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment
 
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.toHex
 import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
-import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
+import prog8.compiler.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.compiler.functions.builtinFunctionReturnType
 import prog8.compiler.target.CpuType
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.AsmGen
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.ExpressionsAsmGen
-import prog8.compiler.toHex
-import prog8.functions.BuiltinFunctions
-import prog8.functions.builtinFunctionReturnType
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.AsmGen
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.ExpressionsAsmGen
 
 
-internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen, private val exprAsmgen: ExpressionsAsmGen) {
+internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen,
+                                private val exprAsmgen: ExpressionsAsmGen
+) {
 
     private val augmentableAsmGen = AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(program, this, exprAsmgen, asmgen)
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
         val target = AsmAssignTarget.fromAstAssignment(assignment, program, asmgen)
         val source = AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(assignment.value, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
 
-        val assign = AsmAssignment(source, target, assignment.isAugmentable, assignment.position)
+        val assign = AsmAssignment(source, target, assignment.isAugmentable, program.memsizer, assignment.position)
         target.origAssign = assign
 
         if(assign.isAugmentable)
@@ -64,9 +65,10 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 val value = assign.source.array!!
                 val elementDt = assign.source.datatype
                 val arrayVarName = asmgen.asmVariableName(value.arrayvar)
-                if (value.indexer.indexNum!=null) {
+                val constIndex = value.indexer.constIndex()
+                if (constIndex!=null) {
                     // constant array index value
-                    val indexValue = value.indexer.constIndex()!! * elementDt.memorySize()
+                    val indexValue = constIndex * program.memsizer.memorySize(elementDt)
                     when (elementDt) {
                         in ByteDatatypes -> {
                             asmgen.out("  lda  $arrayVarName+$indexValue")
@@ -113,8 +115,8 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             }
             SourceStorageKind.MEMORY -> {
                 fun assignViaExprEval(expression: Expression) {
-                    assignExpressionToVariable(expression, asmgen.asmVariableName("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2"), DataType.UWORD, assign.target.scope)
-                    if (CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    assignExpressionToVariable(expression, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD, assign.target.scope)
+                    if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("  lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2)")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  ldy  #0 |  lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2),y")
@@ -143,7 +145,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION -> {
                 when(val value = assign.source.expression!!) {
                     is AddressOf -> {
-                        val sourceName = value.identifier.firstStructVarName(program.namespace) ?: asmgen.asmVariableName(value.identifier)
+                        val sourceName = asmgen.asmSymbolName(value.identifier)
                         assignAddressOf(assign.target, sourceName)
                     }
                     is NumericLiteralValue -> throw AssemblyError("source kind should have been literalnumber")
@@ -152,7 +154,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     is DirectMemoryRead -> throw AssemblyError("source kind should have been memory")
                     is TypecastExpression -> assignTypeCastedValue(assign.target, value.type, value.expression, value)
                     is FunctionCall -> {
-                        when (val sub = value.target.targetStatement(program.namespace)) {
+                        when (val sub = value.target.targetStatement(program)) {
                             is Subroutine -> {
                                 asmgen.saveXbeforeCall(value)
                                 asmgen.translateFunctionCall(value)
@@ -209,34 +211,37 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                             }
                             is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder -> {
                                 val signature = BuiltinFunctions.getValue(sub.name)
-                                asmgen.translateBuiltinFunctionCallExpression(value, signature, false)
-                                val returntype = builtinFunctionReturnType(sub.name, value.args, program)
-                                if(!returntype.isKnown)
-                                    throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
-                                when(returntype.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)) {
-                                    in ByteDatatypes -> assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)            // function's byte result is in A
-                                    in WordDatatypes -> assignRegisterpairWord(assign.target, RegisterOrPair.AY)    // function's word result is in AY
-                                    DataType.STR -> {
-                                        when (assign.target.datatype) {
-                                            DataType.STR -> {
-                                                asmgen.out("""
-                                                    pha
-                                                    lda  #<${assign.target.asmVarname}
-                                                    sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-                                                    lda  #>${assign.target.asmVarname}
-                                                    sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-                                                    pla
-                                                    jsr  prog8_lib.strcpy""")
+                                asmgen.translateBuiltinFunctionCallExpression(value, signature, false, assign.target.register)
+                                if(assign.target.register==null) {
+                                    // still need to assign the result to the target variable/etc.
+                                    val returntype = builtinFunctionReturnType(sub.name, value.args, program)
+                                    if(!returntype.isKnown)
+                                        throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
+                                    when(returntype.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
+                                        in ByteDatatypes -> assignRegisterByte(assign.target, CpuRegister.A)            // function's byte result is in A
+                                        in WordDatatypes -> assignRegisterpairWord(assign.target, RegisterOrPair.AY)    // function's word result is in AY
+                                        DataType.STR -> {
+                                            when (assign.target.datatype) {
+                                                DataType.STR -> {
+                                                    asmgen.out("""
+                                                        pha
+                                                        lda  #<${assign.target.asmVarname}
+                                                        sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+                                                        lda  #>${assign.target.asmVarname}
+                                                        sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+                                                        pla
+                                                        jsr  prog8_lib.strcpy""")
+                                                }
+                                                DataType.UWORD -> assignRegisterpairWord(assign.target, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                                                else -> throw AssemblyError("str return value type mismatch with target")
                                             }
-                                            DataType.UWORD -> assignRegisterpairWord(assign.target, RegisterOrPair.AY)
-                                            else -> throw AssemblyError("str return value type mismatch with target")
                                         }
+                                        DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                                            // float result from function sits in FAC1
+                                            assignFAC1float(assign.target)
+                                        }
+                                        else -> throw AssemblyError("weird result type")
                                     }
-                                    DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                                        // float result from function sits in FAC1
-                                        assignFAC1float(assign.target)
-                                    }
-                                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird result type")
                                 }
                             }
                             else -> {
@@ -260,7 +265,11 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 }
             }
             SourceStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
-                assignRegisterByte(assign.target, assign.source.register!!)
+                when(assign.source.datatype) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE -> assignRegisterByte(assign.target, assign.source.register!!.asCpuRegister())
+                    DataType.UWORD -> assignRegisterpairWord(assign.target, assign.source.register!!)
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid register dt")
+                }
             }
             SourceStorageKind.STACK -> {
                 assignStackValue(assign.target)
@@ -290,7 +299,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
         val valueIDt = value.inferType(program)
         if(!valueIDt.isKnown)
             throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
-        val valueDt = valueIDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+        val valueDt = valueIDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
         if(valueDt==targetDt)
             throw AssemblyError("type cast to identical dt should have been removed")
 
@@ -311,8 +320,8 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 if(targetDt in WordDatatypes) {
 
                     fun assignViaExprEval(addressExpression: Expression) {
-                        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(addressExpression, asmgen.asmVariableName("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2"), DataType.UWORD, null)
-                        if (CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(addressExpression, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD, null)
+                        if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("  lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2)")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  ldy  #0 |  lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2),y")
@@ -349,8 +358,8 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
 
 
         // special case optimizations
-        if(target.kind==TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE) {
-            if(value is IdentifierReference && valueDt != DataType.STRUCT)
+        if(target.kind== TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE) {
+            if(value is IdentifierReference && valueDt != DataType.UNDEFINED)
                 return assignTypeCastedIdentifier(target.asmVarname, targetDt, asmgen.asmVariableName(value), valueDt)
 
             when (valueDt) {
@@ -389,7 +398,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 RegisterOrPair.A,
                 RegisterOrPair.X,
                 RegisterOrPair.Y -> {
-                    // 'cast' a ubyte value to a byte register; no cast needed at all
+                    // 'cast' an ubyte value to a byte register; no cast needed at all
                     return assignExpressionToRegister(value, target.register)
                 }
                 RegisterOrPair.AX,
@@ -422,8 +431,8 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
         }
 
         // give up, do it via eval stack
-        // TODO optimize typecasts for more special cases?
         // note: cannot use assignTypeCastedValue because that is ourselves :P
+        // TODO optimize typecasts for more special cases?
         if(this.asmgen.options.slowCodegenWarnings)
             println("warning: slow stack evaluation used for typecast: $value into $targetDt (target=${target.kind} at ${value.position}")
         asmgen.translateExpression(origTypeCastExpression)      // this performs the actual type cast in translateExpression(Typecast)
@@ -434,7 +443,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
         val lsb = FunctionCall(IdentifierReference(listOf("lsb"), value.position), mutableListOf(value), value.position)
         lsb.linkParents(value.parent)
         val src = AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, DataType.UBYTE, expression = lsb)
-        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, target, false, value.position)
+        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, target, false, program.memsizer, value.position)
         translateNormalAssignment(assign)
     }
 
@@ -466,7 +475,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceAsmVarName |  sta  $targetAsmVarName")
                     }
                     DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> {
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu==CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceAsmVarName |  sta  $targetAsmVarName |  stz  $targetAsmVarName+1")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceAsmVarName |  sta  $targetAsmVarName |  lda  #0  |  sta  $targetAsmVarName+1")
@@ -489,7 +498,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceAsmVarName |  sta  $targetAsmVarName")
                     }
                     DataType.UWORD -> {
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu==CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceAsmVarName |  sta  $targetAsmVarName |  stz  $targetAsmVarName+1")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceAsmVarName |  sta  $targetAsmVarName |  lda  #0  |  sta  $targetAsmVarName+1")
@@ -562,11 +571,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
                 }
             }
-            DataType.STR -> {
-                if (targetDt != DataType.UWORD && targetDt == DataType.STR)
-                    throw AssemblyError("cannot typecast a string into another incompatitble type")
-                TODO("assign typecasted string into target var")
-            }
+            DataType.STR -> throw AssemblyError("cannot typecast a string value")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
         }
     }
@@ -582,13 +587,19 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             DataType.UBYTE -> {
                 when(targetDt) {
                     DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
-                        asmgen.out("  st${regs.toString().toLowerCase()}  $targetAsmVarName")
+                        asmgen.out("  st${regs.toString().lowercase()}  $targetAsmVarName")
                     }
                     DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> {
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu==CpuType.CPU65c02)
-                            asmgen.out("  st${regs.toString().toLowerCase()}  $targetAsmVarName |  stz  $targetAsmVarName+1")
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+                            asmgen.out(
+                                "  st${
+                                    regs.toString().lowercase()
+                                }  $targetAsmVarName |  stz  $targetAsmVarName+1")
                         else
-                            asmgen.out("  st${regs.toString().toLowerCase()}  $targetAsmVarName |  lda  #0  |  sta  $targetAsmVarName+1")
+                            asmgen.out(
+                                "  st${
+                                    regs.toString().lowercase()
+                                }  $targetAsmVarName |  lda  #0  |  sta  $targetAsmVarName+1")
                     }
                     DataType.FLOAT -> {
                         when(regs) {
@@ -610,13 +621,19 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             DataType.BYTE -> {
                 when(targetDt) {
                     DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
-                        asmgen.out("  st${regs.toString().toLowerCase()}  $targetAsmVarName")
+                        asmgen.out("  st${regs.toString().lowercase()}  $targetAsmVarName")
                     }
                     DataType.UWORD -> {
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu==CpuType.CPU65c02)
-                            asmgen.out("  st${regs.toString().toLowerCase()}  $targetAsmVarName |  stz  $targetAsmVarName+1")
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+                            asmgen.out(
+                                "  st${
+                                    regs.toString().lowercase()
+                                }  $targetAsmVarName |  stz  $targetAsmVarName+1")
                         else
-                            asmgen.out("  st${regs.toString().toLowerCase()}  $targetAsmVarName |  lda  #0  |  sta  $targetAsmVarName+1")
+                            asmgen.out(
+                                "  st${
+                                    regs.toString().lowercase()
+                                }  $targetAsmVarName |  lda  #0  |  sta  $targetAsmVarName+1")
                     }
                     DataType.WORD -> {
                         when(regs) {
@@ -648,7 +665,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             DataType.UWORD -> {
                 when(targetDt) {
                     DataType.BYTE, DataType.UBYTE -> {
-                        asmgen.out("  st${regs.toString().toLowerCase().first()}  $targetAsmVarName")
+                        asmgen.out("  st${regs.toString().lowercase().first()}  $targetAsmVarName")
                     }
                     DataType.WORD, DataType.UWORD -> {
                         when(regs) {
@@ -676,7 +693,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             DataType.WORD -> {
                 when(targetDt) {
                     DataType.BYTE, DataType.UBYTE -> {
-                        asmgen.out("  st${regs.toString().toLowerCase().first()}  $targetAsmVarName")
+                        asmgen.out("  st${regs.toString().lowercase().first()}  $targetAsmVarName")
                     }
                     DataType.WORD, DataType.UWORD -> {
                         when(regs) {
@@ -701,11 +718,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
                 }
             }
-            DataType.STR -> {
-                if (targetDt != DataType.UWORD && targetDt == DataType.STR)
-                    throw AssemblyError("cannot typecast a string into another incompatitble type")
-                TODO("assign typecasted string into target var")
-            }
+            DataType.STR -> throw AssemblyError("cannot typecast a string value")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
         }
     }
@@ -755,7 +768,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             }
             TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
                 if(target.constArrayIndexValue!=null) {
-                    val scaledIdx = target.constArrayIndexValue!! * target.datatype.memorySize()
+                    val scaledIdx = target.constArrayIndexValue!! * program.memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)
                     when(target.datatype) {
                         in ByteDatatypes -> {
                             asmgen.out(" inx | lda  P8ESTACK_LO,x  | sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx")
@@ -821,12 +834,13 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                             RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out(" inx |  txy |  ldx  #0 |  lda  P8ESTACK_LO,y")
                             RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out(" inx |  ldy  #0 |  lda  P8ESTACK_LO,x")
                             in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
-                                asmgen.out("""
+                                asmgen.out(
+                                    """
                                     inx
                                     lda  P8ESTACK_LO,x
-                                    sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}
+                                    sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}
                                     lda  #0
-                                    sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}+1
+                                    sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}+1
                                 """)
                             }
                             else -> throw AssemblyError("can't assign byte from stack to register pair XY")
@@ -838,12 +852,13 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                             RegisterOrPair.AY-> asmgen.out(" inx |  ldy  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  lda  P8ESTACK_LO,x")
                             RegisterOrPair.XY-> throw AssemblyError("can't load X from stack here - use intermediary var? ${target.origAstTarget?.position}")
                             in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
-                                asmgen.out("""
+                                asmgen.out(
+                                    """
                                     inx
                                     lda  P8ESTACK_LO,x
-                                    sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}
+                                    sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}
                                     lda  P8ESTACK_HI,x
-                                    sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}+1
+                                    sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}+1
                                 """)
                             }
                             else -> throw AssemblyError("can't assign word to single byte register")
@@ -887,11 +902,12 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  ldy  #>$sourceName |  lda  #<$sourceName")
                     RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  ldy  #>$sourceName |  ldx  #<$sourceName")
                     in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
-                        asmgen.out("""
+                        asmgen.out(
+                            """
                             lda  #<$sourceName
-                            sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}
+                            sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}
                             lda  #>$sourceName
-                            sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}+1
+                            sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}+1
                         """)
                     }
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("can't load address in a single 8-bit register")
@@ -961,7 +977,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
                 target.array!!
                 if(target.constArrayIndexValue!=null) {
-                    val scaledIdx = target.constArrayIndexValue!! * target.datatype.memorySize()
+                    val scaledIdx = target.constArrayIndexValue!! * program.memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)
                     when(target.datatype) {
                         in ByteDatatypes -> {
                             asmgen.out(" lda  $sourceName  | sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx")
@@ -1028,11 +1044,12 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  ldy  $sourceName+1 |  lda  $sourceName")
                     RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  ldy  $sourceName+1 |  ldx  $sourceName")
                     in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
-                        asmgen.out("""
+                        asmgen.out(
+                            """
                             lda  $sourceName
-                            sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}
+                            sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}
                             lda  $sourceName+1
-                            sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}+1
+                            sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}+1
                         """)
                     }
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("can't load word in a single 8-bit register")
@@ -1066,11 +1083,11 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     ldy  #>${target.asmVarname}
                     sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
                     sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1""")
-                if(target.array!!.indexer.indexNum!=null) {
-                    val index = target.array.indexer.constIndex()!!
-                    asmgen.out(" lda  #$index")
+                val constIndex = target.array!!.indexer.constIndex()
+                if(constIndex!=null) {
+                    asmgen.out(" lda  #$constIndex")
                 } else {
-                    val asmvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array.indexer.indexVar!!)
+                    val asmvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array.indexer.indexExpr as IdentifierReference)
                     asmgen.out(" lda  $asmvarname")
                 }
                 asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.set_array_float_from_fac1")
@@ -1102,11 +1119,11 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     ldy  #>${target.asmVarname}
                     sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
                     sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1""")
-                if(target.array!!.indexer.indexNum!=null) {
-                    val index = target.array.indexer.constIndex()!!
-                    asmgen.out(" lda  #$index")
+                val constIndex = target.array!!.indexer.constIndex()
+                if(constIndex!=null) {
+                    asmgen.out(" lda  #$constIndex")
                 } else {
-                    val asmvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array.indexer.indexVar!!)
+                    val asmvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array.indexer.indexExpr as IdentifierReference)
                     asmgen.out(" lda  $asmvarname")
                 }
                 asmgen.out(" jsr  floats.set_array_float")
@@ -1149,11 +1166,11 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     ldy  #>${target.asmVarname}
                     sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
                     sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1""")
-                if(target.array!!.indexer.indexNum!=null) {
-                    val index = target.array.indexer.constIndex()!!
-                    asmgen.out(" lda  #$index")
+                val constIndex = target.array!!.indexer.constIndex()
+                if(constIndex!=null) {
+                    asmgen.out(" lda  #$constIndex")
                 } else {
-                    val asmvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array.indexer.indexVar!!)
+                    val asmvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array.indexer.indexExpr as IdentifierReference)
                     asmgen.out(" lda  $asmvarname")
                 }
                 asmgen.out(" jsr  floats.set_array_float")
@@ -1184,7 +1201,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             }
             TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
                 if (target.constArrayIndexValue!=null) {
-                    val scaledIdx = target.constArrayIndexValue!! * target.datatype.memorySize()
+                    val scaledIdx = target.constArrayIndexValue!! * program.memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)
                     asmgen.out(" lda  $sourceName  | sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx")
                 }
                 else {
@@ -1202,11 +1219,12 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  ldy  #0 |  ldx  $sourceName")
                     RegisterOrPair.FAC1, RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> throw AssemblyError("expected typecasted byte to float")
                     in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
-                        asmgen.out("""
+                        asmgen.out(
+                            """
                             lda  $sourceName
-                            sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}
+                            sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}
                             lda  #0
-                            sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}+1
+                            sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}+1
                             """)
                     }
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("weird register")
@@ -1235,11 +1253,20 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     """)
             }
             TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
-                // TODO optimize slow stack evaluation for this case, see assignVariableUByteIntoWord
-                if(this.asmgen.options.slowCodegenWarnings)
-                    println("warning: slow stack evaluation used for sign-extend byte typecast at ${bytevar.position}")
-                asmgen.translateExpression(wordtarget.origAssign.source.expression!!)
-                assignStackValue(wordtarget)
+                if (wordtarget.constArrayIndexValue!=null) {
+                    val scaledIdx = wordtarget.constArrayIndexValue!! * 2
+                    asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName")
+                    asmgen.signExtendAYlsb(DataType.BYTE)
+                    asmgen.out("  sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx |  sty  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx+1")
+                }
+                else {
+                    asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, wordtarget.scope!!)
+                    asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(wordtarget.array!!, wordtarget.datatype, CpuRegister.X)
+                    asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName")
+                    asmgen.signExtendAYlsb(DataType.BYTE)
+                    asmgen.out("  sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname},x |  inx |  tya |  sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname},x")
+                    asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
+                }
             }
             TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
                 when(wordtarget.register!!) {
@@ -1288,7 +1315,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
         when(wordtarget.kind) {
             TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
                 asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName |  sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}")
-                if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                     asmgen.out("  stz  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+1")
                 else
                     asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+1")
@@ -1297,7 +1324,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 if (wordtarget.constArrayIndexValue!=null) {
                     val scaledIdx = wordtarget.constArrayIndexValue!! * 2
                     asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName  | sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx")
-                    if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("  stz  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx+1")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  lda  #0  | sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx+1")
@@ -1322,7 +1349,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             }
             TargetStorageKind.STACK -> {
                 asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x")
-                if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                     asmgen.out("  stz  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
                 else
                     asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
@@ -1332,12 +1359,22 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
     }
 
     internal fun assignRegisterByte(target: AsmAssignTarget, register: CpuRegister) {
-        if(target.register !in Cx16VirtualRegisters)
-            require(target.datatype in ByteDatatypes)
+        // we make an exception in the type check for assigning something to a cx16 virtual register, or a register pair
+        // these will be correctly typecasted from a byte to a word value
+        if(target.register !in Cx16VirtualRegisters &&
+            target.register!=RegisterOrPair.AX && target.register!=RegisterOrPair.AY && target.register!=RegisterOrPair.XY) {
+            if(target.kind==TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE) {
+                val parts = target.asmVarname.split('.')
+                if (parts.size != 2 || parts[0] != "cx16")
+                    require(target.datatype in ByteDatatypes)
+            } else {
+                require(target.datatype in ByteDatatypes)
+            }
+        }
 
         when(target.kind) {
             TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
-                asmgen.out("  st${register.name.toLowerCase()}  ${target.asmVarname}")
+                asmgen.out("  st${register.name.lowercase()}  ${target.asmVarname}")
             }
             TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> {
                 when(register) {
@@ -1361,7 +1398,8 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                         CpuRegister.X -> asmgen.out(" txa")
                         CpuRegister.Y -> asmgen.out(" tya")
                     }
-                    asmgen.out(" ldy  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array!!.indexer.indexVar!!)} |  sta  ${target.asmVarname},y")
+                    val indexVar = target.array!!.indexer.indexExpr as IdentifierReference
+                    asmgen.out(" ldy  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(indexVar)} |  sta  ${target.asmVarname},y")
                 }
             }
             TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
@@ -1376,7 +1414,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                         RegisterOrPair.FAC1, RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> throw AssemblyError("expected type cast to float")
                         in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
                             // only assign a single byte to the virtual register's Lsb
-                            asmgen.out("  sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}")
+                            asmgen.out("  sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}")
                         }
                         else -> throw AssemblyError("weird register")
                     }
@@ -1390,7 +1428,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                         RegisterOrPair.FAC1, RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> throw AssemblyError("expected type cast to float")
                         in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
                             // only assign a single byte to the virtual register's Lsb
-                            asmgen.out("  stx  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}")
+                            asmgen.out("  stx  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}")
                         }
                         else -> throw AssemblyError("weird register")
                     }
@@ -1404,7 +1442,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                         RegisterOrPair.FAC1, RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> throw AssemblyError("expected type cast to float")
                         in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
                             // only assign a single byte to the virtual register's Lsb
-                            asmgen.out("  sty  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}")
+                            asmgen.out("  sty  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}")
                         }
                         else -> throw AssemblyError("weird register")
                     }
@@ -1431,7 +1469,15 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out("  sta  ${target.asmVarname} |  stx  ${target.asmVarname}+1")
                     RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  sta  ${target.asmVarname} |  sty  ${target.asmVarname}+1")
                     RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  stx  ${target.asmVarname} |  sty  ${target.asmVarname}+1")
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair")
+                    in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
+                        val srcReg = asmgen.asmSymbolName(regs)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            lda  $srcReg
+                            sta  ${target.asmVarname}
+                            lda  $srcReg+1
+                            sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1""")
+                    }
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair or cx16 virtual 16-bit register")
                 }
             }
             TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
@@ -1441,24 +1487,43 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                         RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out("  sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$idx |  stx  ${target.asmVarname}+$idx+1")
                         RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$idx |  sty  ${target.asmVarname}+$idx+1")
                         RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  stx  ${target.asmVarname}+$idx |  sty  ${target.asmVarname}+$idx+1")
-                        else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair")
+                        in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
+                            val srcReg = asmgen.asmSymbolName(regs)
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                                lda  $srcReg
+                                sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$idx
+                                lda  $srcReg+1
+                                sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$idx+1""")
+                        }
+                        else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair or cx16 virtual 16-bit register")
                     }
                 }
                 else {
-                    when(regs) {
-                        RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out("  pha |  txa |  pha")
-                        RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  pha |  tya |  pha")
-                        RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  txa |  pha |  tya |  pha")
-                        else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair")
-                    }
-                    asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(target.array!!, DataType.UWORD, CpuRegister.Y, true)
-                    asmgen.out("""
-                        pla
-                        sta  ${target.asmVarname},y
-                        dey
-                        pla
-                        sta  ${target.asmVarname},y""")
+                    if (regs !in Cx16VirtualRegisters) {
+                        when (regs) {
+                            RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out("  pha |  txa |  pha")
+                            RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  pha |  tya |  pha")
+                            RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  txa |  pha |  tya |  pha")
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair")
+                        }
+                        asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(target.array!!, DataType.UWORD, CpuRegister.Y, true)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            pla
+                            sta  ${target.asmVarname},y
+                            dey
+                            pla
+                            sta  ${target.asmVarname},y""")
+                    } else {
+                        val srcReg = asmgen.asmSymbolName(regs)
+                        asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(target.array!!, DataType.UWORD, CpuRegister.Y, true)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            lda  $srcReg+1
+                            sta  ${target.asmVarname},y
+                            dey
+                            lda  $srcReg
+                            sta  ${target.asmVarname},y""")
                     }
+                }
             }
             TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
                 when(regs) {
@@ -1467,45 +1532,72 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                         RegisterOrPair.AX -> { }
                         RegisterOrPair.XY -> { asmgen.out("  stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG |  ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG |  tax") }
                         in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
-                            asmgen.out("""
-                                    sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}
-                                    stx  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}+1
+                            asmgen.out(
+                                """
+                                    sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}
+                                    stx  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}+1
                                 """)
                         }
-                        else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair")
+                        else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair or cx16 virtual 16-bit register")
                     }
                     RegisterOrPair.AY -> when(target.register!!) {
                         RegisterOrPair.AY -> { }
                         RegisterOrPair.AX -> { asmgen.out("  sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG |  ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG") }
                         RegisterOrPair.XY -> { asmgen.out("  tax") }
                         in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
-                            asmgen.out("""
-                                    sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}
-                                    sty  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}+1
+                            asmgen.out(
+                                """
+                                    sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}
+                                    sty  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}+1
                                 """)
                         }
-                        else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair")
+                        else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair or cx16 virtual 16-bit register")
                     }
                     RegisterOrPair.XY -> when(target.register!!) {
                         RegisterOrPair.AY -> { asmgen.out("  txa") }
                         RegisterOrPair.AX -> { asmgen.out("  txa |  sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG |  ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG") }
                         RegisterOrPair.XY -> { }
                         in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
-                            asmgen.out("""
-                                    stx  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}
-                                    sty  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}+1
+                            asmgen.out(
+                                """
+                                    stx  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}
+                                    sty  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}+1
                                 """)
                         }
-                        else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair")
+                        else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair or cx16 virtual 16-bit register")
                     }
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair")
+                    in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
+                        val srcReg = asmgen.asmSymbolName(regs)
+                        if(regs!=target.register) {
+                            when(target.register) {
+                                RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out("  lda  $srcReg |  ldx  $srcReg+1")
+                                RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  lda  $srcReg |  ldy  $srcReg+1")
+                                RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  ldx  $srcReg |  ldy  $srcReg+1")
+                                in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
+                                    val targetReg = asmgen.asmSymbolName(target.register!!)
+                                    asmgen.out("  lda  $srcReg |  sta  $targetReg |  lda  $srcReg+1 |  sta  $targetReg+1")
+                                }
+                                else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid reg")
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair or cx16 virtual 16-bit register")
                 }
             }
             TargetStorageKind.STACK -> {
                 when(regs) {
-                    RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out(" sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  sty  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
+                    RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  sty  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
                     RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.XY -> throw AssemblyError("can't use X here")
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair")
+                    in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
+                        val srcReg = asmgen.asmSymbolName(regs)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            lda  $srcReg
+                            sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
+                            lda  $srcReg+1
+                            sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x
+                            dex""")
+                    }
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("expected reg pair or cx16 virtual 16-bit register")
                 }
             }
             TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> throw AssemblyError("can't store word into memory byte")
@@ -1513,7 +1605,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
     }
 
     private fun assignConstantWord(target: AsmAssignTarget, word: Int) {
-        if(word==0 && CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02) {
+        if(word==0 && asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) {
             // optimize setting zero value for this processor
             when(target.kind) {
                 TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
@@ -1536,7 +1628,10 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                         RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  tay")
                         RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  ldx  #0 |  ldy  #0")
                         in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
-                            asmgen.out("  stz  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()} |  stz  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}+1")
+                            asmgen.out(
+                                "  stz  cx16.${
+                                    target.register.toString().lowercase()
+                                } |  stz  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}+1")
                         }
                         else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid register for word value")
                     }
@@ -1586,11 +1681,12 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  ldy  #>${word.toHex()} |  lda  #<${word.toHex()}")
                     RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  ldy  #>${word.toHex()} |  ldx  #<${word.toHex()}")
                     in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
-                        asmgen.out("""
+                        asmgen.out(
+                            """
                             lda  #<${word.toHex()}
-                            sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}
+                            sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}
                             lda  #>${word.toHex()}
-                            sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}+1
+                            sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}+1
                             """)
                     }
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid register for word value")
@@ -1608,7 +1704,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
     }
 
     private fun assignConstantByte(target: AsmAssignTarget, byte: Short) {
-        if(byte==0.toShort() && CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02) {
+        if(byte==0.toShort() && asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) {
             // optimize setting zero value for this cpu
             when(target.kind) {
                 TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
@@ -1637,7 +1733,10 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  ldx  #0 |  ldy  #0")
                     RegisterOrPair.FAC1, RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> throw AssemblyError("expected typecasted byte to float")
                     in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
-                        asmgen.out("  stz  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()} |  stz  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}+1")
+                        asmgen.out(
+                            "  stz  cx16.${
+                                target.register.toString().lowercase()
+                            } |  stz  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}+1")
                     }
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("weird register")
                 }
@@ -1677,11 +1776,17 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  ldy  #0 |  ldx  #${byte.toHex()}")
                 RegisterOrPair.FAC1, RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> throw AssemblyError("expected typecasted byte to float")
                 in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
-                    asmgen.out("  lda  #${byte.toHex()} |  sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}")
-                    if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
-                        asmgen.out("  stz  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}+1\n")
+                    asmgen.out(
+                        "  lda  #${byte.toHex()} |  sta  cx16.${
+                            target.register.toString().lowercase()
+                        }")
+                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+                        asmgen.out("  stz  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}+1\n")
                     else
-                        asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}+1\n")
+                        asmgen.out(
+                            "  lda  #0 |  sta  cx16.${
+                                target.register.toString().lowercase()
+                            }+1\n")
                 }
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird register")
             }
@@ -1699,7 +1804,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             // optimized case for float zero
             when(target.kind) {
                 TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
-                    if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("""
                             stz  ${target.asmVarname}
                             stz  ${target.asmVarname}+1
@@ -1718,9 +1823,10 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                         """)
                 }
                 TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
-                    if (target.array!!.indexer.indexNum!=null) {
-                        val indexValue = target.array.indexer.constIndex()!! * DataType.FLOAT.memorySize()
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    val constIndex = target.array!!.indexer.constIndex()
+                    if (constIndex!=null) {
+                        val indexValue = constIndex * program.memsizer.memorySize(DataType.FLOAT)
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("""
                                 stz  ${target.asmVarname}+$indexValue
                                 stz  ${target.asmVarname}+$indexValue+1
@@ -1738,7 +1844,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                                 sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$indexValue+4
                             """)
                     } else {
-                        val asmvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array.indexer.indexVar!!)
+                        val asmvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array.indexer.indexExpr as IdentifierReference)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             lda  #<${target.asmVarname}
                             sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
@@ -1783,8 +1889,9 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 }
                 TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
                     val arrayVarName = target.asmVarname
-                    if (target.array!!.indexer.indexNum!=null) {
-                        val indexValue = target.array.indexer.constIndex()!! * DataType.FLOAT.memorySize()
+                    val constIndex = target.array!!.indexer.constIndex()
+                    if (constIndex!=null) {
+                        val indexValue = constIndex * program.memsizer.memorySize(DataType.FLOAT)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             lda  $constFloat
                             sta  $arrayVarName+$indexValue
@@ -1798,7 +1905,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                             sta  $arrayVarName+$indexValue+4
                         """)
                     } else {
-                        val asmvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array.indexer.indexVar!!)
+                        val asmvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.array.indexer.indexExpr as IdentifierReference)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             lda  #<${constFloat}
                             sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
@@ -1855,11 +1962,12 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  ldy  #0 |  ldy  ${address.toHex()}")
                     RegisterOrPair.FAC1, RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> throw AssemblyError("expected typecasted byte to float")
                     in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
-                        asmgen.out("""
+                        asmgen.out(
+                            """
                             lda  ${address.toHex()}
-                            sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}
+                            sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}
                             lda  #0
-                            sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}+1
+                            sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}+1
                         """)
                     }
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("weird register")
@@ -1895,10 +2003,11 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                         RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  tax |  ldy  #0")
                         RegisterOrPair.FAC1, RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> throw AssemblyError("expected typecasted byte to float")
                         in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
-                            asmgen.out("""
-                                sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}
+                            asmgen.out(
+                                """
+                                sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}
                                 lda  #0
-                                sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().toLowerCase()}+1
+                                sta  cx16.${target.register.toString().lowercase()}+1
                             """)
                         }
                         else -> throw AssemblyError("weird register")
@@ -1917,7 +2026,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             when(wordtarget.kind) {
                 TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
                     asmgen.out("  lda  ${address.toHex()} |  sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}")
-                    if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("  stz  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+1")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+1")
@@ -1933,7 +2042,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 }
                 TargetStorageKind.STACK -> {
                     asmgen.out("  lda  ${address.toHex()} |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x")
-                    if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("  stz  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
@@ -1945,7 +2054,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
                     asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(identifier)
                     asmgen.out(" sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}")
-                    if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("  stz  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+1")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+1")
@@ -1965,7 +2074,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 TargetStorageKind.STACK -> {
                     asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(identifier)
                     asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x")
-                    if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("  stz  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
@@ -1982,8 +2091,8 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
         fun storeViaExprEval() {
             when(addressExpr) {
                 is NumericLiteralValue, is IdentifierReference -> {
-                    assignExpressionToVariable(addressExpr, asmgen.asmVariableName("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2"), DataType.UWORD, null)
-                    if (CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    assignExpressionToVariable(addressExpr, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD, null)
+                    if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2)")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  ldy  #0 |  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2),y")
@@ -1991,9 +2100,9 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 else -> {
                     // same as above but we need to save the A register
                     asmgen.out("  pha")
-                    assignExpressionToVariable(addressExpr, asmgen.asmVariableName("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2"), DataType.UWORD, null)
+                    assignExpressionToVariable(addressExpr, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD, null)
                     asmgen.out("  pla")
-                    if (CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2)")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  ldy  #0 |  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2),y")
@@ -2003,9 +2112,9 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
 
         fun storeAIntoPointerVar(pointervar: IdentifierReference) {
             val sourceName = asmgen.asmVariableName(pointervar)
-            val vardecl = pointervar.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!
+            val vardecl = pointervar.targetVarDecl(program)!!
             val scopedName = vardecl.makeScopedName(vardecl.name)
-            if (CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02) {
+            if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) {
                 if (asmgen.isZpVar(scopedName)) {
                     // pointervar is already in the zero page, no need to copy
                     asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName)")
@@ -2051,21 +2160,21 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
     internal fun assignExpressionToRegister(expr: Expression, register: RegisterOrPair) {
         val src = AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(expr, program, asmgen)
         val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, null, program, asmgen)
-        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, expr.position)
+        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, program.memsizer, expr.position)
         translateNormalAssignment(assign)
     }
 
     internal fun assignExpressionToVariable(expr: Expression, asmVarName: String, dt: DataType, scope: Subroutine?) {
         val src = AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(expr, program, asmgen)
         val tgt = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, dt, scope, variableAsmName = asmVarName)
-        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, expr.position)
+        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, program.memsizer, expr.position)
         translateNormalAssignment(assign)
     }
 
     internal fun assignVariableToRegister(asmVarName: String, register: RegisterOrPair) {
         val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, null, program, asmgen)
         val src = AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, tgt.datatype, variableAsmName = asmVarName)
-        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, Position.DUMMY)
+        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, program.memsizer, Position.DUMMY)
         translateNormalAssignment(assign)
     }
 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/assignment/AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,21 +1,20 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.assignment
+package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment
 
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
+import prog8.ast.toHex
 import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
-import prog8.compiler.target.CompilationTarget
 import prog8.compiler.target.CpuType
-import prog8.compiler.target.Cx16Target
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.AsmGen
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.codegen.ExpressionsAsmGen
-import prog8.compiler.toHex
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.AsmGen
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.ExpressionsAsmGen
 
 internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                                            private val assignmentAsmGen: AssignmentAsmGen,
                                            private val exprAsmGen: ExpressionsAsmGen,
-                                           private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
+                                           private val asmgen: AsmGen
+) {
     fun translate(assign: AsmAssignment) {
         require(assign.isAugmentable)
         require(assign.source.kind== SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION)
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 val itype = value.inferType(program)
                 if(!itype.isKnown)
                     throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
-                val type = itype.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+                val type = itype.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
                 when (value.operator) {
                     "+" -> {}
                     "-" -> inplaceNegate(assign.target, type)
@@ -111,7 +110,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         val ident = value as? IdentifierReference
         val memread = value as? DirectMemoryRead
 
-        when(target.kind) {
+        when (target.kind) {
             TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
                 when (target.datatype) {
                     in ByteDatatypes -> {
@@ -161,7 +160,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         when {
                             valueLv != null -> inplaceModification_byte_litval_to_variable(addr.toHex(), DataType.UBYTE, operator, valueLv.toInt())
                             ident != null -> inplaceModification_byte_variable_to_variable(addr.toHex(), DataType.UBYTE, operator, ident)
-                            // TODO more specialized code for types such as memory read etc.  -> inplaceModification_byte_memread_to_variable()
+                            memread != null -> inplaceModification_byte_memread_to_variable(addr.toHex(), DataType.UBYTE, operator, value)
                             value is TypecastExpression -> {
                                 if (tryRemoveRedundantCast(value, target, operator)) return
                                 inplaceModification_byte_value_to_variable(addr.toHex(), DataType.UBYTE, operator, value)
@@ -200,10 +199,12 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
                 with(target.array!!.indexer) {
+                    val indexNum = indexExpr as? NumericLiteralValue
+                    val indexVar = indexExpr as? IdentifierReference
                     when {
                         indexNum!=null -> {
-                            val targetVarName = "${target.asmVarname} + ${indexNum!!.number.toInt()*target.datatype.memorySize()}"
-                            when(target.datatype) {
+                            val targetVarName = "${target.asmVarname} + ${indexNum.number.toInt()*program.memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)}"
+                            when (target.datatype) {
                                 in ByteDatatypes -> {
                                     when {
                                         valueLv != null -> inplaceModification_byte_litval_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, valueLv.toInt())
@@ -243,22 +244,22 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             }
                         }
                         indexVar!=null -> {
-                            when(target.datatype) {
+                            when (target.datatype) {
                                 in ByteDatatypes -> {
                                     val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(RegisterOrPair.A, null, program, asmgen)
-                                    val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, false, value.position)
+                                    val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, false, program.memsizer, value.position)
                                     assignmentAsmGen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
                                     assignmentAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(target, CpuRegister.A)
                                 }
                                 in WordDatatypes -> {
                                     val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(RegisterOrPair.AY, null, program, asmgen)
-                                    val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, false, value.position)
+                                    val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, false, program.memsizer, value.position)
                                     assignmentAsmGen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
                                     assignmentAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(target, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                                 }
                                 DataType.FLOAT -> {
                                     val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(RegisterOrPair.FAC1, null, program, asmgen)
-                                    val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, false, value.position)
+                                    val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, false, program.memsizer, value.position)
                                     assignmentAsmGen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
                                     assignmentAsmGen.assignFAC1float(target)
                                 }
@@ -269,8 +270,8 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     }
                 }
             }
-            TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> TODO("reg in-place modification")
-            TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("stack in-place modification")
+            TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg in-place modification")
+            TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack in-place modification")
         }
     }
 
@@ -279,7 +280,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             val childIDt = value.expression.inferType(program)
             if(!childIDt.isKnown)
                 throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
-            val childDt = childIDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+            val childDt = childIDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
             if (value.type!=DataType.FLOAT && (value.type.equalsSize(childDt) || value.type.largerThan(childDt))) {
                 // this typecast is redundant here; the rest of the code knows how to deal with the uncasted value.
                 // (works for integer types, not for float.)
@@ -292,7 +293,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
 
     private fun inplaceModification_byte_value_to_pointer(pointervar: IdentifierReference, operator: String, value: Expression) {
         asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, null)
-        val (ptrOnZp, sourceName) = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
         when (operator) {
             // note: ** (power) operator requires floats.
             "+" -> asmgen.out("  clc |  adc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
@@ -321,18 +321,15 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             "&", "and" -> asmgen.out(" and  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
             "|", "or" -> asmgen.out(" ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
             "^", "xor" -> asmgen.out(" eor  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
-            in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
         }
-        if(ptrOnZp)
-            asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
-        else
-            asmgen.out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y")
+        val sourceName = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
+        asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
     }
 
     private fun inplaceModification_byte_variable_to_pointer(pointervar: IdentifierReference, operator: String, value: IdentifierReference) {
         val otherName = asmgen.asmVariableName(value)
-        val (ptrOnZp, sourceName) = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
+        val sourceName = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
 
         when (operator) {
             // note: ** (power) operator requires floats.
@@ -362,110 +359,75 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             "&", "and" -> asmgen.out(" and  $otherName")
             "|", "or" -> asmgen.out(" ora  $otherName")
             "^", "xor" -> asmgen.out(" eor  $otherName")
-            in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
         }
-        if(ptrOnZp)
-            asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
-        else
-            asmgen.out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y")
+        asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
     }
 
     private fun inplaceModification_byte_litval_to_pointer(pointervar: IdentifierReference, operator: String, value: Int) {
         when (operator) {
             // note: ** (power) operator requires floats.
             "+" -> {
-                val (ptrOnZp, sourceName) = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
-                asmgen.out(" clc |  adc  #$value")
-                if(ptrOnZp)
-                    asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
-                else
-                    asmgen.out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y")
+                val sourceName = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
+                asmgen.out("  clc |  adc  #$value")
+                asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
             }
             "-" -> {
-                val (ptrOnZp, sourceName) = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
-                asmgen.out(" sec |  sbc  #$value")
-                if(ptrOnZp)
-                    asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
-                else
-                    asmgen.out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y")
+                val sourceName = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
+                asmgen.out("  sec |  sbc  #$value")
+                asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
             }
             "*" -> {
-                val (ptrOnZp, sourceName) = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
+                val sourceName = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
                 if(value in asmgen.optimizedByteMultiplications)
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  math.mul_byte_${value}")
                 else
                     asmgen.out("  ldy  #$value |  jsr  math.multiply_bytes |  ldy  #0")
-                if(ptrOnZp)
-                    asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
-                else
-                    asmgen.out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y")
+                asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
             }
             "/" -> {
-                val (ptrOnZp, sourceName) = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
+                val sourceName = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
                 if(value==0)
                     throw AssemblyError("division by zero")
                 asmgen.out("  ldy  #$value |  jsr  math.divmod_ub_asm |  tya |  ldy  #0")
-                if(ptrOnZp)
-                    asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
-                else
-                    asmgen.out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y")
+                asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
             }
             "%" -> {
-                val (ptrOnZp, sourceName) = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
+                val sourceName = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
                 if(value==0)
                     throw AssemblyError("division by zero")
                 asmgen.out("  ldy  #$value |  jsr  math.divmod_ub_asm |  ldy  #0")
-                if(ptrOnZp)
-                    asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
-                else
-                    asmgen.out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y")
+                asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
             }
             "<<" -> {
                 if (value > 0) {
-                    val (ptrOnZp, sourceName) = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
+                    val sourceName = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
                     repeat(value) { asmgen.out(" asl  a") }
-                    if(ptrOnZp)
-                        asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
-                    else
-                        asmgen.out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y")
+                    asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
                 }
             }
             ">>" -> {
                 if (value > 0) {
-                    val (ptrOnZp, sourceName) = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
+                    val sourceName = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
                     repeat(value) { asmgen.out(" lsr  a") }
-                    if(ptrOnZp)
-                        asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
-                    else
-                        asmgen.out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y")
+                    asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
                 }
             }
             "&", "and" -> {
-                val (ptrOnZp, sourceName) = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
-                asmgen.out(" and  #$value")
-                if(ptrOnZp)
-                    asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
-                else
-                    asmgen.out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y")
+                val sourceName = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
+                asmgen.out("  and  #$value")
+                asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
             }
             "|", "or" -> {
-                val (ptrOnZp, sourceName) = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
-                asmgen.out(" ora  #$value")
-                if(ptrOnZp)
-                    asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
-                else
-                    asmgen.out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y")
+                val sourceName = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
+                asmgen.out("  ora  #$value")
+                asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
             }
             "^", "xor" -> {
-                val (ptrOnZp, sourceName) = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
-                asmgen.out(" eor  #$value")
-                if(ptrOnZp)
-                    asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
-                else
-                    asmgen.out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y")
+                val sourceName = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
+                asmgen.out("  eor  #$value")
+                asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
             }
-            in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
         }
     }
@@ -541,7 +503,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.A)
                 asmgen.out("  eor  $name |  sta  $name")
             }
-            in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
         }
     }
@@ -599,7 +560,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             "&", "and" -> asmgen.out(" lda  $name |  and  $otherName |  sta  $name")
             "|", "or" -> asmgen.out(" lda  $name |  ora  $otherName |  sta  $name")
             "^", "xor" -> asmgen.out(" lda  $name |  eor  $otherName |  sta  $name")
-            in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
         }
     }
@@ -632,7 +592,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             "<<" -> {
                 if(value>=8) {
-                    if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("  stz  $name")
                     else
                         asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name")
@@ -643,7 +603,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 if(value>0) {
                     if (dt == DataType.UBYTE) {
                         if(value>=8) {
-                            if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                            if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                                 asmgen.out("  stz  $name")
                             else
                                 asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name")
@@ -671,13 +631,12 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             "&", "and" -> asmgen.out(" lda  $name |  and  #$value |  sta  $name")
             "|", "or" -> asmgen.out(" lda  $name |  ora  #$value |  sta  $name")
             "^", "xor" -> asmgen.out(" lda  $name |  eor  #$value |  sta  $name")
-            in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
         }
     }
 
     private fun inplaceModification_byte_memread_to_variable(name: String, dt: DataType, operator: String, memread: DirectMemoryRead) {
-        when(operator) {
+        when (operator) {
             "+" -> {
                 exprAsmGen.translateDirectMemReadExpression(memread, false)
                 asmgen.out("""
@@ -693,8 +652,20 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     sec
                     sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
                     sta  $name""")
-                // TODO: tuned code for more operators
             }
+            "|", "or" -> {
+                exprAsmGen.translateDirectMemReadExpression(memread, false)
+                asmgen.out("  ora  $name  |  sta  $name")
+            }
+            "&", "and" -> {
+                exprAsmGen.translateDirectMemReadExpression(memread, false)
+                asmgen.out("  and  $name  |  sta  $name")
+            }
+            "^", "xor" -> {
+                exprAsmGen.translateDirectMemReadExpression(memread, false)
+                asmgen.out("  eor  $name  |  sta  $name")
+            }
+            // TODO: tuned code for more operators
             else -> {
                 inplaceModification_byte_value_to_variable(name, dt, operator, memread)
             }
@@ -702,7 +673,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     private fun inplaceModification_word_memread_to_variable(name: String, dt: DataType, operator: String, memread: DirectMemoryRead) {
-        when(operator) {
+        when (operator) {
             "+" -> {
                 exprAsmGen.translateDirectMemReadExpression(memread, false)
                 asmgen.out("""
@@ -724,8 +695,26 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     bcc  +
                     dec  $name+1
 +""")
-                // TODO: tuned code for more operators
             }
+            "|", "or" -> {
+                exprAsmGen.translateDirectMemReadExpression(memread, false)
+                asmgen.out("  ora  $name  |  sta  $name")
+            }
+            "&", "and" -> {
+                exprAsmGen.translateDirectMemReadExpression(memread, false)
+                asmgen.out("  and  $name  |  sta  $name")
+                if(dt in WordDatatypes) {
+                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+                        asmgen.out("  stz  $name+1")
+                    else
+                        asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name+1")
+                }
+            }
+            "^", "xor" -> {
+                exprAsmGen.translateDirectMemReadExpression(memread, false)
+                asmgen.out("  eor  $name  |  sta  $name")
+            }
+            // TODO: tuned code for more operators
             else -> {
                 inplaceModification_word_value_to_variable(name, dt, operator, memread)
             }
@@ -858,14 +847,14 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             "<<" -> {
                 when {
                     value>=16 -> {
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("  stz  $name |  stz  $name+1")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name |  sta  $name+1")
                     }
                     value==8 -> {
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $name |  sta  $name+1")
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("  stz  $name")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name")
@@ -885,14 +874,14 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     if(dt==DataType.UWORD) {
                         when {
                             value>=16 -> {
-                                if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                                if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                                     asmgen.out("  stz  $name |  stz  $name+1")
                                 else
                                     asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name |  sta  $name+1")
                             }
                             value==8 -> {
                                 asmgen.out("  lda  $name+1 |  sta  $name")
-                                if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                                if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                                     asmgen.out("  stz  $name+1")
                                 else
                                     asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name+1")
@@ -941,13 +930,13 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             "&", "and" -> {
                 when {
                     value == 0 -> {
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("  stz  $name |  stz  $name+1")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name |  sta  $name+1")
                     }
                     value and 255 == 0 -> {
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("  stz  $name")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name")
@@ -955,7 +944,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     }
                     value < 0x0100 -> {
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $name |  and  #$value |  sta  $name")
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("  stz  $name+1")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name+1")
@@ -979,15 +968,13 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     else -> asmgen.out("  lda  $name |  eor  #<$value |  sta  $name |  lda  $name+1 |  eor  #>$value |  sta  $name+1")
                 }
             }
-            in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
         }
     }
 
     private fun inplaceModification_word_variable_to_variable(name: String, dt: DataType, operator: String, ident: IdentifierReference) {
         val otherName = asmgen.asmVariableName(ident)
-        val valueDt = ident.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!.datatype
-        when (valueDt) {
+        when (val valueDt = ident.targetVarDecl(program)!!.datatype) {
             in ByteDatatypes -> {
                 // the other variable is a BYTE type so optimize for that
                 when (operator) {
@@ -1042,7 +1029,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     }
                     "*" -> {
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $otherName |  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1")
-                        if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                             asmgen.out("  stz  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1")
                         else
                             asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1")
@@ -1055,8 +1042,49 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             lda  math.multiply_words.result+1
                             sta  $name+1""")
                     }
-                    "/" -> TODO("div (u)wordvar/bytevar")
-                    "%" -> TODO("(u)word remainder bytevar")
+                    "/" -> {
+                        if(dt==DataType.UWORD) {
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                                lda  $name
+                                ldy  $name+1
+                                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+                                sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+                                lda  $otherName
+                                ldy  #0
+                                jsr  math.divmod_uw_asm
+                                sta  $name
+                                sty  $name+1
+                            """)
+                        } else {
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                                lda  $name
+                                ldy  $name+1
+                                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+                                sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+                                lda  $otherName
+                                ldy  #0
+                                jsr  math.divmod_w_asm
+                                sta  $name
+                                sty  $name+1
+                            """)
+                        }
+                    }
+                    "%" -> {
+                        if(valueDt!=DataType.UBYTE || dt!=DataType.UWORD)
+                            throw AssemblyError("remainder of signed integers is not properly defined/implemented, use unsigned instead")
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            lda  $name
+                            ldy  $name+1
+                            sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+                            sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+                            lda  $otherName
+                            ldy  #0
+                            jsr  math.divmod_uw_asm
+                            lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
+                            sta  $name
+                            lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
+                            sta  $name+1
+                        """)                    }
                     "<<" -> {
                         asmgen.out("""
                         ldy  $otherName
@@ -1093,7 +1121,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     "&", "and" -> {
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $otherName |  and  $name |  sta  $name")
                         if(dt in WordDatatypes) {
-                            if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                            if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                                 asmgen.out("  stz  $name+1")
                             else
                                 asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name+1")
@@ -1101,7 +1129,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     }
                     "|", "or" -> asmgen.out("  lda  $otherName |  ora  $name |  sta  $name")
                     "^", "xor" -> asmgen.out("  lda  $otherName |  eor  $name |  sta  $name")
-                    in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
                 }
             }
@@ -1175,7 +1202,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     "&", "and" -> asmgen.out(" lda  $name |  and  $otherName |  sta  $name |  lda  $name+1 |  and  $otherName+1 |  sta  $name+1")
                     "|", "or" -> asmgen.out(" lda  $name |  ora  $otherName |  sta  $name |  lda  $name+1 |  ora  $otherName+1 |  sta  $name+1")
                     "^", "xor" -> asmgen.out(" lda  $name |  eor  $otherName |  sta  $name |  lda  $name+1 |  eor  $otherName+1 |  sta  $name+1")
-                    in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
                 }
             }
@@ -1192,7 +1218,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         val valueiDt = value.inferType(program)
         if(!valueiDt.isKnown)
             throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
-        val valueDt = valueiDt.typeOrElse(DataType.STRUCT)
+        val valueDt = valueiDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
 
         fun multiplyVarByWordInAY() {
             asmgen.out("""
@@ -1241,7 +1267,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             """)
         }
 
-        when(valueDt) {
+        when (valueDt) {
             in ByteDatatypes -> {
                 // the other variable is a BYTE type so optimize for that
                 when (operator) {
@@ -1298,21 +1324,21 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     }
                     "*" -> {
                         // stack contains (u) byte value, sign extend that and proceed with regular 16 bit operation
-                        // TODO use an optimized word * byte multiplication routine
+                        // TODO use an optimized word * byte multiplication routine?
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.A)
                         asmgen.signExtendAYlsb(valueDt)
                         multiplyVarByWordInAY()
                     }
                     "/" -> {
                         // stack contains (u) byte value, sign extend that and proceed with regular 16 bit operation
-                        // TODO use an optimized word / byte divmod routine
+                        // TODO use an optimized word / byte divmod routine?
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.A)
                         asmgen.signExtendAYlsb(valueDt)
                         divideVarByWordInAY()
                     }
                     "%" -> {
                         // stack contains (u) byte value, sign extend that and proceed with regular 16 bit operation
-                        // TODO use an optimized word / byte divmod routine
+                        // TODO use an optimized word / byte divmod routine?
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.A)
                         asmgen.signExtendAYlsb(valueDt)
                         remainderVarByWordInAY()
@@ -1352,7 +1378,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.A)
                         asmgen.out("  and  $name |  sta  $name")
                         if(dt in WordDatatypes) {
-                            if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                            if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                                 asmgen.out("  stz  $name+1")
                             else
                                 asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  $name+1")
@@ -1366,7 +1392,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.A)
                         asmgen.out("  eor  $name |  sta  $name")
                     }
-                    in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
                 }
             }
@@ -1407,7 +1432,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                         asmgen.out("  eor  $name |  sta  $name |  tya |  eor  $name+1 |  sta  $name+1")
                     }
-                    in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place modification for $operator")
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place modification $operator")
                 }
             }
@@ -1455,7 +1479,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     jsr  floats.FDIV
                 """)
             }
-            in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place float modification for $operator")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place float modification $operator")
         }
         asmgen.out("""
@@ -1467,7 +1490,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     private fun inplaceModification_float_variable_to_variable(name: String, operator: String, ident: IdentifierReference, scope: Subroutine) {
-        val valueDt = ident.targetVarDecl(program.namespace)!!.datatype
+        val valueDt = ident.targetVarDecl(program)!!.datatype
         if(valueDt != DataType.FLOAT)
             throw AssemblyError("float variable expected")
 
@@ -1475,7 +1498,16 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, scope)
         when (operator) {
             "**" -> {
-                if(CompilationTarget.instance is Cx16Target) {
+                if(asmgen.haveFPWR()) {
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        lda  #<$name
+                        ldy  #>$name
+                        jsr  floats.CONUPK
+                        lda  #<$otherName
+                        ldy  #>$otherName
+                        jsr  floats.FPWR
+                    """)
+                } else
                     // cx16 doesn't have FPWR() only FPWRT()
                     asmgen.out("""
                         lda  #<$name
@@ -1486,15 +1518,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         jsr  floats.MOVFM
                         jsr  floats.FPWRT
                     """)
-                } else
-                    asmgen.out("""
-                        lda  #<$name
-                        ldy  #>$name
-                        jsr  floats.CONUPK
-                        lda  #<$otherName
-                        ldy  #>$otherName
-                        jsr  floats.FPWR
-                    """)
             }
             "+" -> {
                 asmgen.out("""
@@ -1536,7 +1559,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     jsr  floats.FDIV
                 """)
             }
-            in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place float modification for $operator")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place float modification $operator")
         }
         // store Fac1 back into memory
@@ -1553,7 +1575,16 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, scope)
         when (operator) {
             "**" -> {
-                if(CompilationTarget.instance is Cx16Target) {
+                if(asmgen.haveFPWR()) {
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        lda  #<$name
+                        ldy  #>$name
+                        jsr  floats.CONUPK
+                        lda  #<$constValueName
+                        ldy  #>$constValueName
+                        jsr  floats.FPWR
+                    """)
+                } else
                     // cx16 doesn't have FPWR() only FPWRT()
                     asmgen.out("""
                         lda  #<$name
@@ -1564,15 +1595,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         jsr  floats.MOVFM
                         jsr  floats.FPWRT
                     """)
-                } else
-                    asmgen.out("""
-                        lda  #<$name
-                        ldy  #>$name
-                        jsr  floats.CONUPK
-                        lda  #<$constValueName
-                        ldy  #>$constValueName
-                        jsr  floats.FPWR
-                    """)
             }
             "+" -> {
                 if (value == 0.0)
@@ -1621,7 +1643,6 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     jsr  floats.FDIV
                 """)
             }
-            in comparisonOperators -> TODO("in-place float modification for $operator")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator for in-place float modification $operator")
         }
         // store Fac1 back into memory
@@ -1639,13 +1660,13 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         if (innerCastDt == null) {
             // simple typecast where the value is the target
             when (target.datatype) {
-                DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> { /* byte target can't be casted to anything else at all */ }
+                DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> { /* byte target can't be typecasted to anything else at all */ }
                 DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> {
                     when (outerCastDt) {
                         DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
-                            when(target.kind) {
+                            when (target.kind) {
                                 TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
-                                    if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                                         asmgen.out(" stz  ${target.asmVarname}+1")
                                     else
                                         asmgen.out(" lda  #0 |  sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1")
@@ -1655,7 +1676,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                                     asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  ${target.asmVarname},y")
                                 }
                                 TargetStorageKind.STACK -> {
-                                    if(CompilationTarget.instance.machine.cpu == CpuType.CPU65c02)
+                                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                                         asmgen.out(" stz  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x")
                                     else
                                         asmgen.out(" lda  #0 |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x")
@@ -1687,7 +1708,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
     private fun inplaceBooleanNot(target: AsmAssignTarget, dt: DataType) {
         when (dt) {
             DataType.UBYTE -> {
-                when(target.kind) {
+                when (target.kind) {
                     TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
                         asmgen.out("""
                             lda  ${target.asmVarname}
@@ -1709,18 +1730,15 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                                     sta  $addr""")
                             }
                             is IdentifierReference -> {
-                                val (ptrOnZp, sourceName) = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(mem.addressExpression as IdentifierReference)
+                                val sourceName = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(mem.addressExpression as IdentifierReference)
                                 asmgen.out("""
                                     beq  +
                                     lda  #1
 +                                   eor  #1""")
-                                if(ptrOnZp)
-                                    asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
-                                else
-                                    asmgen.out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y")
+                                asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
                             }
                             else -> {
-                                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(mem.addressExpression, asmgen.asmVariableName("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2"), DataType.UWORD, target.scope)
+                                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(mem.addressExpression, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD, target.scope)
                                 asmgen.out("""
                                     ldy  #0
                                     lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2),y
@@ -1731,13 +1749,13 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> TODO("in-place not of ubyte array")
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> TODO("reg not")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("stack not")
+                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place not of ubyte array")
+                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg not")
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack not")
                 }
             }
             DataType.UWORD -> {
-                when(target.kind) {
+                when (target.kind) {
                     TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
                         asmgen.out("""
                             lda  ${target.asmVarname}
@@ -1750,9 +1768,9 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1""")
                     }
                     TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for uword-memory not")
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> TODO("in-place not of uword array")
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> TODO("reg not")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("stack not")
+                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place not of uword array")
+                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg not")
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack not")
                 }
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("boolean-not of invalid type")
@@ -1762,7 +1780,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
     private fun inplaceInvert(target: AsmAssignTarget, dt: DataType) {
         when (dt) {
             DataType.UBYTE -> {
-                when(target.kind) {
+                when (target.kind) {
                     TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
                         asmgen.out("""
                             lda  ${target.asmVarname}
@@ -1780,15 +1798,12 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                                     sta  $addr""")
                             }
                             is IdentifierReference -> {
-                                val (ptrOnZp, sourceName) = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(memory.addressExpression as IdentifierReference)
+                                val sourceName = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(memory.addressExpression as IdentifierReference)
                                 asmgen.out("  eor  #255")
-                                if(ptrOnZp)
-                                    asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
-                                else
-                                    asmgen.out("  sta  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y")
+                                asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
                             }
                             else -> {
-                                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(memory.addressExpression, asmgen.asmVariableName("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2"), DataType.UWORD, target.scope)
+                                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(memory.addressExpression, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD, target.scope)
                                 asmgen.out("""
                                     ldy  #0
                                     lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2),y
@@ -1797,13 +1812,13 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> TODO("in-place invert ubyte array")
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> TODO("reg invert")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("stack invert")
+                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place invert ubyte array")
+                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg invert")
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack invert")
                 }
             }
             DataType.UWORD -> {
-                when(target.kind) {
+                when (target.kind) {
                     TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
                         asmgen.out("""
                             lda  ${target.asmVarname}
@@ -1814,9 +1829,9 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1""")
                     }
                     TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for uword-memory invert")
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> TODO("in-place invert uword array")
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> TODO("reg invert")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("stack invert")
+                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place invert uword array")
+                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg invert")
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack invert")
                 }
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invert of invalid type")
@@ -1835,13 +1850,13 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             sta  ${target.asmVarname}""")
                     }
                     TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> throw AssemblyError("can't in-place negate memory ubyte")
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> TODO("in-place negate byte array")
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> TODO("reg negate")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("stack negate")
+                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place negate byte array")
+                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg negate")
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack negate")
                 }
             }
             DataType.WORD -> {
-                when(target.kind) {
+                when (target.kind) {
                     TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
                         asmgen.out("""
                             lda  #0
@@ -1852,14 +1867,14 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             sbc  ${target.asmVarname}+1
                             sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1""")
                     }
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> TODO("in-place negate word array")
+                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place negate word array")
                     TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for word memory negate")
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> TODO("reg negate")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("stack negate")
+                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg negate")
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack negate")
                 }
             }
             DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                when(target.kind) {
+                when (target.kind) {
                     TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
                         // simply flip the sign bit in the float
                         asmgen.out("""
@@ -1868,8 +1883,8 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1
                         """)
                     }
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> TODO("in-place negate float array")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("stack float negate")
+                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place negate float array")
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack float negate")
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target kind for float")
                 }
             }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cx16/CX16MachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 package prog8.compiler.target.cx16
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.compiler.*
 import prog8.compiler.target.CpuType
 import prog8.compiler.target.IMachineDefinition
 import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition
-import prog8.parser.ModuleImporter
+import prog8.compiler.target.cbm.viceMonListPostfix
 import java.io.IOException
+import java.nio.file.Path
 
 internal object CX16MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
@@ -27,16 +27,35 @@ internal object CX16MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
     override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
 
     override fun getFloat(num: Number) = C64MachineDefinition.Mflpt5.fromNumber(num)
-
-    override fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, importer: ModuleImporter, program: Program) {
-        if (compilerOptions.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC || compilerOptions.output == OutputType.PRG)
-            importer.importLibraryModule(program, "syslib")
+    override fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, compilationTargetName: String): List<String> {
+        return if (compilerOptions.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC || compilerOptions.output == OutputType.PRG)
+            listOf("syslib")
+        else
+            emptyList()
     }
 
-    override fun launchEmulator(programName: String) {
-        for(emulator in listOf("x16emu")) {
+    override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path) {
+        val emulatorName: String
+        val extraArgs: List<String>
+
+        when(selectedEmulator) {
+            1 -> {
+                emulatorName = "x16emu"
+                extraArgs = emptyList()
+            }
+            2 -> {
+                emulatorName = "box16"
+                extraArgs = listOf("-sym", "${programNameWithPath}.$viceMonListPostfix")
+            }
+            else -> {
+                System.err.println("Cx16 target only supports x16emu and box16 emulators.")
+                return
+            }
+        }
+
+        for(emulator in listOf(emulatorName)) {
             println("\nStarting Commander X16 emulator $emulator...")
-            val cmdline = listOf(emulator, "-scale", "2", "-run", "-prg", "$programName.prg")
+            val cmdline = listOf(emulator, "-scale", "2", "-run", "-prg", "${programNameWithPath}.prg") + extraArgs
             val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline).inheritIO()
             val process: Process
             try {
@@ -78,7 +97,7 @@ internal object CX16MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
 
         init {
-            if (options.floats && options.zeropage !in setOf(ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE ))
+            if (options.floats && options.zeropage !in arrayOf(ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE ))
                 throw CompilerException("when floats are enabled, zero page type should be 'basicsafe' or 'dontuse'")
 
             // the addresses 0x02 to 0x21 (inclusive) are taken for sixteen virtual 16-bit api registers.