preparing version 9.0

# Conflicts:
#	examples/test.p8

.github/workflows/all-ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+name: Build and Test the Prog8 compiler
+
+on:
+  push:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: build and install recent 64tass
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get install -y make build-essential
+          git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/irmen/64tass
+          cd 64tass
+          make -j4
+          sudo make install
+
+      - name: Set up JDK 11
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v2
+        with:
+          java-version: 11
+          distribution: adopt
+
+      - name: Build and test with Gradle
+        run: ./gradlew build shadowJar --no-daemon
+
+      - name: Create compiler shadowJar artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: prog8-compiler-jar-zipped
+          path: compiler/build/libs/*-all.jar

.idea/kotlinc.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="Kotlin2JvmCompilerArguments">
+    <option name="jvmTarget" value="11" />
+  </component>
+  <component name="KotlinJpsPluginSettings">
+    <option name="version" value="1.8.21-release-380" />
+  </component>
+</project>

.idea/libraries/antlr_antlr4.xml

@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="antlr.antlr4" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="org.antlr:antlr4:4.9.3">
+    <properties maven-id="org.antlr:antlr4:4.12.0">
       <exclude>
         <dependency maven-id="com.ibm.icu:icu4j" />
       </exclude>
     </properties>
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr4/4.9.3/antlr4-4.9.3.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr4-runtime/4.9.3/antlr4-runtime-4.9.3.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr-runtime/3.5.2/antlr-runtime-3.5.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/ST4/4.3.1/ST4-4.3.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr4/4.12.0/antlr4-4.12.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr4-runtime/4.12.0/antlr4-runtime-4.12.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr-runtime/3.5.3/antlr-runtime-3.5.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/ST4/4.3.4/ST4-4.3.4.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/abego/treelayout/org.abego.treelayout.core/1.0.3/org.abego.treelayout.core-1.0.3.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/glassfish/javax.json/1.0.4/javax.json-1.0.4.jar!/" />
     </CLASSES>
     <JAVADOC />
     <SOURCES />

.idea/libraries/github_hypfvieh_dbus_java.xml

@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="github.hypfvieh.dbus.java" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="com.github.hypfvieh:dbus-java:3.3.1" />
+    <properties maven-id="com.github.hypfvieh:dbus-java:3.3.2" />
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/hypfvieh/dbus-java/3.3.1/dbus-java-3.3.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-unixsocket/0.38.6/jnr-unixsocket-0.38.6.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-ffi/2.2.2/jnr-ffi-2.2.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jffi/1.3.1/jffi-1.3.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jffi/1.3.1/jffi-1.3.1-native.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm/9.1/asm-9.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-commons/9.1/asm-commons-9.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-analysis/9.1/asm-analysis-9.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-tree/9.1/asm-tree-9.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-util/9.1/asm-util-9.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/hypfvieh/dbus-java/3.3.2/dbus-java-3.3.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-unixsocket/0.38.17/jnr-unixsocket-0.38.17.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-ffi/2.2.11/jnr-ffi-2.2.11.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jffi/1.3.9/jffi-1.3.9.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jffi/1.3.9/jffi-1.3.9-native.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm/9.2/asm-9.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-commons/9.2/asm-commons-9.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-analysis/9.2/asm-analysis-9.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-tree/9.2/asm-tree-9.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-util/9.2/asm-util-9.2.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-a64asm/1.0.0/jnr-a64asm-1.0.0.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-x86asm/1.0.2/jnr-x86asm-1.0.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-constants/0.10.1/jnr-constants-0.10.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-enxio/0.32.4/jnr-enxio-0.32.4.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-posix/3.1.5/jnr-posix-3.1.5.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.30/slf4j-api-1.7.30.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-constants/0.10.3/jnr-constants-0.10.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-enxio/0.32.13/jnr-enxio-0.32.13.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-posix/3.1.15/jnr-posix-3.1.15.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.36/slf4j-api-1.7.36.jar!/" />
     </CLASSES>
     <JAVADOC />
     <SOURCES />

.idea/libraries/io_kotest_assertions_core_jvm.xml

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="io.kotest.assertions.core.jvm" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="io.kotest:kotest-assertions-core-jvm:5.1.0" />
+    <properties maven-id="io.kotest:kotest-assertions-core-jvm:5.6.2" />
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-core-jvm/5.1.0/kotest-assertions-core-jvm-5.1.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/1.6.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.10.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.6.10/kotlin-stdlib-1.6.10.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/1.6.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.10.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm/5.1.0/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm-5.1.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/java-diff-utils/java-diff-utils/4.11/java-diff-utils-4.11.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-core-jvm/5.6.2/kotest-assertions-core-jvm-5.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/1.8.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.8.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.8.10/kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/1.8.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.8.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm/5.6.2/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm-5.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/java-diff-utils/java-diff-utils/4.12/java-diff-utils-4.12.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/opentest4j/opentest4j/1.2.0/opentest4j-1.2.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8/1.6.0/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8-1.6.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-reflect/1.6.10/kotlin-reflect-1.6.10.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm/1.6.0/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm-1.6.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.6.0/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.6.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-common-jvm/5.1.0/kotest-common-jvm-5.1.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-api-jvm/5.1.0/kotest-assertions-api-jvm-5.1.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.8.10/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.8.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8/1.7.0/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8-1.7.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-reflect/1.8.10/kotlin-reflect-1.8.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-common-jvm/5.6.2/kotest-common-jvm-5.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-api-jvm/5.6.2/kotest-assertions-api-jvm-5.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm/1.7.0/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm-1.7.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/23.0.0/annotations-23.0.0.jar!/" />
     </CLASSES>
     <JAVADOC />
     <SOURCES />

.idea/libraries/io_kotest_property_jvm.xml

@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="io.kotest.property.jvm" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="io.kotest:kotest-property-jvm:5.1.0" />
+    <properties maven-id="io.kotest:kotest-property-jvm:5.6.2" />
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-property-jvm/5.1.0/kotest-property-jvm-5.1.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-common-jvm/5.1.0/kotest-common-jvm-5.1.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm/5.1.0/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm-5.1.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-api-jvm/5.1.0/kotest-assertions-api-jvm-5.1.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8/1.6.0/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8-1.6.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-property-jvm/5.6.2/kotest-property-jvm-5.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/curious-odd-man/rgxgen/1.4/rgxgen-1.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/1.8.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.8.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.8.10/kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/1.8.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.8.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-common-jvm/5.6.2/kotest-common-jvm-5.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm/5.6.2/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm-5.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-api-jvm/5.6.2/kotest-assertions-api-jvm-5.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8/1.7.0/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8-1.7.0.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/opentest4j/opentest4j/1.2.0/opentest4j-1.2.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/1.6.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.10.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.6.10/kotlin-stdlib-1.6.10.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/1.6.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.10.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-reflect/1.6.10/kotlin-reflect-1.6.10.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm/1.6.0/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm-1.6.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.6.0/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.6.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/java-diff-utils/java-diff-utils/4.11/java-diff-utils-4.11.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/curious-odd-man/rgxgen/1.3/rgxgen-1.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.8.10/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.8.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/java-diff-utils/java-diff-utils/4.12/java-diff-utils-4.12.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-reflect/1.8.10/kotlin-reflect-1.8.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm/1.7.0/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm-1.7.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/23.0.0/annotations-23.0.0.jar!/" />
     </CLASSES>
     <JAVADOC />
     <SOURCES />

.idea/libraries/io_kotest_runner_junit5_jvm.xml

@@ -1,51 +1,42 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="io.kotest.runner.junit5.jvm" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5-jvm:5.1.0" />
+    <properties maven-id="io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5-jvm:5.6.2" />
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-runner-junit5-jvm/5.1.0/kotest-runner-junit5-jvm-5.1.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-api-jvm/5.1.0/kotest-framework-api-jvm-5.1.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-test-jvm/1.6.0/kotlinx-coroutines-test-jvm-1.6.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm/5.1.0/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm-5.1.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/java-diff-utils/java-diff-utils/4.11/java-diff-utils-4.11.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-common-jvm/5.1.0/kotest-common-jvm-5.1.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-engine-jvm/5.1.0/kotest-framework-engine-jvm-5.1.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/classgraph/classgraph/4.8.138/classgraph-4.8.138.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-runner-junit5-jvm/5.6.2/kotest-runner-junit5-jvm-5.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-api-jvm/5.6.2/kotest-framework-api-jvm-5.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm/5.6.2/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm-5.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/java-diff-utils/java-diff-utils/4.12/java-diff-utils-4.12.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-test-jvm/1.7.0/kotlinx-coroutines-test-jvm-1.7.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-common-jvm/5.6.2/kotest-common-jvm-5.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-engine-jvm/5.6.2/kotest-framework-engine-jvm-5.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/classgraph/classgraph/4.8.157/classgraph-4.8.157.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/ajalt/mordant/1.2.1/mordant-1.2.1.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/ajalt/colormath/1.2.0/colormath-1.2.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-debug/1.6.0/kotlinx-coroutines-debug-1.6.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/opentest4j/opentest4j/1.2.0/opentest4j-1.2.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-debug/1.7.0/kotlinx-coroutines-debug-1.7.0.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/net/java/dev/jna/jna/5.9.0/jna-5.9.0.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/net/java/dev/jna/jna-platform/5.9.0/jna-platform-5.9.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/opentest4j/opentest4j/1.2.0/opentest4j-1.2.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-discovery-jvm/5.1.0/kotest-framework-discovery-jvm-5.1.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-core-jvm/5.1.0/kotest-assertions-core-jvm-5.1.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8/1.6.0/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8-1.6.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-api-jvm/5.1.0/kotest-assertions-api-jvm-5.1.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-extensions-jvm/5.1.0/kotest-extensions-jvm-5.1.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/commons-io/commons-io/2.11.0/commons-io-2.11.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk/1.12.2/mockk-1.12.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-dsl-jvm/1.12.2/mockk-dsl-jvm-1.12.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-dsl/1.12.2/mockk-dsl-1.12.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-common/1.12.2/mockk-common-1.12.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-agent-jvm/1.12.2/mockk-agent-jvm-1.12.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-agent-api/1.12.2/mockk-agent-api-1.12.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-agent-common/1.12.2/mockk-agent-common-1.12.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/objenesis/objenesis/3.1/objenesis-3.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/net/bytebuddy/byte-buddy/1.12.5/byte-buddy-1.12.5.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/net/bytebuddy/byte-buddy-agent/1.12.5/byte-buddy-agent-1.12.5.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-concurrency-jvm/5.1.0/kotest-framework-concurrency-jvm-5.1.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm/1.6.0/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm-1.6.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.6.0/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.6.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-engine/1.7.2/junit-platform-engine-1.7.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/apiguardian/apiguardian-api/1.1.0/apiguardian-api-1.1.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-commons/1.7.2/junit-platform-commons-1.7.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-suite-api/1.7.2/junit-platform-suite-api-1.7.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-launcher/1.7.2/junit-platform-launcher-1.7.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/jupiter/junit-jupiter-api/5.7.2/junit-jupiter-api-5.7.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/1.6.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.10.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.6.10/kotlin-stdlib-1.6.10.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/1.6.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.10.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-reflect/1.6.10/kotlin-reflect-1.6.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/net/bytebuddy/byte-buddy/1.10.9/byte-buddy-1.10.9.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/net/bytebuddy/byte-buddy-agent/1.10.9/byte-buddy-agent-1.10.9.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-discovery-jvm/5.6.2/kotest-framework-discovery-jvm-5.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-core-jvm/5.6.2/kotest-assertions-core-jvm-5.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8/1.7.0/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8-1.7.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-api-jvm/5.6.2/kotest-assertions-api-jvm-5.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-extensions-jvm/5.6.2/kotest-extensions-jvm-5.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-concurrency-jvm/5.6.2/kotest-framework-concurrency-jvm-5.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm/1.7.0/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm-1.7.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/23.0.0/annotations-23.0.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-engine/1.8.2/junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-commons/1.8.2/junit-platform-commons-1.8.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/apiguardian/apiguardian-api/1.1.2/apiguardian-api-1.1.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-suite-api/1.8.2/junit-platform-suite-api-1.8.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-launcher/1.8.2/junit-platform-launcher-1.8.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/jupiter/junit-jupiter-api/5.8.2/junit-jupiter-api-5.8.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/1.8.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.8.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.8.10/kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/1.8.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.8.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.8.10/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.8.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-reflect/1.8.10/kotlin-reflect-1.8.10.jar!/" />
     </CLASSES>
     <JAVADOC />
     <SOURCES />

.idea/libraries/jetbrains_kotlinx_cli_jvm.xml

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="jetbrains.kotlinx.cli.jvm" type="repository">
-    <properties include-transitive-deps="false" maven-id="org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-cli-jvm:0.3.4" />
+    <properties include-transitive-deps="false" maven-id="org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-cli-jvm:0.3.5" />
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-cli-jvm/0.3.4/kotlinx-cli-jvm-0.3.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-cli-jvm/0.3.5/kotlinx-cli-jvm-0.3.5.jar!/" />
     </CLASSES>
     <JAVADOC />
     <SOURCES />

.idea/libraries/michael_bull_kotlin_result_jvm.xml

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="michael.bull.kotlin.result.jvm" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:1.1.14" />
+    <properties maven-id="com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:1.1.17" />
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/michael-bull/kotlin-result/kotlin-result-jvm/1.1.14/kotlin-result-jvm-1.1.14.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/1.6.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.10.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.6.10/kotlin-stdlib-1.6.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/michael-bull/kotlin-result/kotlin-result-jvm/1.1.17/kotlin-result-jvm-1.1.17.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/1.8.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.8.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.8.10/kotlin-stdlib-1.8.10.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/1.6.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.10.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.6.10/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.6.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/1.8.10/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.8.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.8.10/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.8.10.jar!/" />
     </CLASSES>
     <JAVADOC />
     <SOURCES />

.idea/libraries/slf4j_simple.xml

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="slf4j.simple" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="org.slf4j:slf4j-simple:1.7.36" />
+    <properties maven-id="org.slf4j:slf4j-simple:2.0.7" />
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-simple/1.7.36/slf4j-simple-1.7.36.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.36/slf4j-api-1.7.36.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-simple/2.0.7/slf4j-simple-2.0.7.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/2.0.7/slf4j-api-2.0.7.jar!/" />
     </CLASSES>
     <JAVADOC />
     <SOURCES />

.idea/libraries/takes.xml

@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="takes" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="org.takes:takes:1.19" />
+    <properties maven-id="org.takes:takes:1.24.4" />
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/takes/takes/1.19/takes-1.19.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/cactoos/cactoos/0.42/cactoos-0.42.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/apache/commons/commons-text/1.4/commons-text-1.4.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/apache/commons/commons-lang3/3.7/commons-lang3-3.7.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/takes/takes/1.24.4/takes-1.24.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/cactoos/cactoos/0.54.0/cactoos-0.54.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/javax/xml/bind/jaxb-api/2.4.0-b180830.0359/jaxb-api-2.4.0-b180830.0359.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/javax/activation/javax.activation-api/1.2.0/javax.activation-api-1.2.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/sun/xml/bind/jaxb-core/4.0.0/jaxb-core-4.0.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/jakarta/xml/bind/jakarta.xml.bind-api/4.0.0/jakarta.xml.bind-api-4.0.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/jakarta/activation/jakarta.activation-api/2.1.0/jakarta.activation-api-2.1.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/eclipse/angus/angus-activation/1.0.0/angus-activation-1.0.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/sun/xml/bind/jaxb-impl/4.0.0/jaxb-impl-4.0.0.jar!/" />
     </CLASSES>
     <JAVADOC />
     <SOURCES />

.idea/misc.xml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
   <component name="FrameworkDetectionExcludesConfiguration">
     <type id="Python" />
   </component>
-  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_11" project-jdk-name="11" project-jdk-type="JavaSDK">
+  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_11" default="true" project-jdk-name="openjdk-11" project-jdk-type="JavaSDK">
     <output url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/out" />
   </component>
 </project>

.idea/modules.xml

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 <project version="4">
   <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
     <modules>
-      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeAst/codeAst.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeAst/codeAst.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeCore/codeCore.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeCore/codeCore.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenCpu6502/codeGenCpu6502.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenCpu6502/codeGenCpu6502.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenExperimental/codeGenExperimental.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenExperimental/codeGenExperimental.iml" />
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenIntermediate/codeGenIntermediate.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenIntermediate/codeGenIntermediate.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenVirtual/codeGenVirtual.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenVirtual/codeGenVirtual.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeOptimizers/codeOptimizers.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeOptimizers/codeOptimizers.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/compiler/compiler.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/compiler/compiler.iml" />
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/docs/docs.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/docs/docs.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/examples/examples.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/examples/examples.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/httpCompilerService/httpCompilerService.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/httpCompilerService/httpCompilerService.iml" />
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/intermediate/intermediate.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/intermediate/intermediate.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/parser.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/parser.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/virtualmachine/virtualmachine.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/virtualmachine/virtualmachine.iml" />
     </modules>

.readthedocs.yaml

@@ -7,13 +7,9 @@ version: 2
 
 # Set the version of Python and other tools you might need
 build:
-  os: ubuntu-20.04
+  os: ubuntu-22.04
   tools:
-    python: "3.9"
-    # You can also specify other tool versions:
-    # nodejs: "16"
-    # rust: "1.55"
-    # golang: "1.17"
+    python: "3.11"
 
 # Build documentation in the docs/ directory with Sphinx
 sphinx:

CompilerDevelopment.md

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-#### Just a few remarks upfront:
-* There is the (gradle/IDEA) module `parser`: that's the parser generated by ANTLR4, in Java. The only file to be edited here is the grammar, `prog8.g4`.
-* Then we have the module `compilerAst` - in Kotlin - which uses `parser` and adds AST nodes. Here we put our additions to the generated thing, *including any tests of the parsing stage*.
-  - the name is a bit misleading, as this module isn't (or, resp. shouldn't be; see below) about *compiling*, only the parsing stage
-  - also, the tree that comes out isn't much of an *abstraction*, but rather still more or less a parse tree (this might very well change).
-  - **However, let's not *yet* rename the module.** We'll find a good name during refactoring.
-
-#### Problems with `compilerAst`:
-* `ModuleImporter.kt`, doing (Prog8-) module resolution. That's not the parser's job.
-* `ParsingFailedError` (in `ModuleParsing.kt`): this exception (it is actually *not* a `java.lang.Error`...) is thrown in a number of places, where other exceptions would make more sense. For example: not finding a file should just yield a `NoSuchFileException`, not this one. The other problem with it is that it does not provide any additional information about the source of parsing error, in particular a `Position`.
-* During parsing, character literals are turned into UBYTEs (since there is no basic type e.g. CHAR). That's bad because it depends on a specific character encoding (`IStringEncoding` in `compilerAst/src/prog8/ast/AstToplevel.kt`) of/for some target platform. Note that *strings* are indeed encoded later, in the `compiler` module.
-* The same argument applies to `IMemSizer`, and - not entirely sure about that - `IBuiltinFunctions`.
-
-#### Steps to take, in conceptual (!) order:
-
-(note: all these steps have been implemented, rejected or otherwise solved now.)
-
-1. introduce an abstraction `SourceCode` that encapsulates the origin and actual loading of Prog8 source code
-   - from the local file system (use case: user programs)
-   - from resources (prog8lib)
-   - from plain strings (for testing)
-2. add subclass `ParseError : ParsingFailedError` which adds information about the *source of parsing error* (`SourceCode` and `Position`). We cannot just replace `ParsingFailedError`  right away because it is so widely used (even in the `compiler` module). Therefore we'll just subclass for the time being, add more and more tests requiring the new one to be thrown (or, resp., NOT to be thrown), and gradually transition.
-3. introduce a minimal interface to the outside, input: `SourceCode`, output: a tree with a `Module` node as the root
-   - this will be the Kotlin singleton `Prog8Parser` with the main method `parseModule`
-   - plus, optionally, method's for registering/unregistering a listener with the parser
-   - the *only* exception ever thrown / reported to listeners (TBD) will be `ParseError`
-   - anything related to the lexer, error strategies, character/token streams is hidden from the outside
-   - to make a clear distinction between the *generated* parser (and lexer) vs. `Prog8Parser`, and to discourage directly using the generated stuff, we'll rename the existing `prog8Parser`/`prog8Lexer` to `Prog8ANTLRParser` and `Prog8ANTLRLexer` and move them to package `prog8.parser.generated`
-4. introduce AST node `CharLiteral` and keep them until after identifier resolution and type checking; insert there an AST transformation step that turns them in UBYTE constants (literals)
-5. remove uses of `IStringEncoding` from module `compilerAst` - none should be necessary anymore
-6. move `IStringEncoding` to module `compiler`
-7. same with `ModuleImporter`, then rewrite that (addressing #46)
-8. refactor AST nodes and grammar: less generated parse tree nodes (`XyzContext`), less intermediary stuff (private classes in `Antrl2Kotlin.kt`), more compact code. Also: nicer names such as simply `StringLiteral` instead of `StringLiteralValue`
-9. re-think `IStringEncoding` to address #38
-

LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 
-This sofware license is for Prog8 the compiler + associated libraries.
-The software generated by running the compiler is excluded from this.
+This sofware license is for Prog8 the compiler + associated library files.
+
+Exception: All output files generated by the compiler (intermediary files
+and compiled binary programs) are excluded from this; you can do with those
+whatever you want.
 
 
 

README.md

@@ -16,10 +16,11 @@ https://prog8.readthedocs.io/
 
 Software license
 ----------------
-GNU GPL 3.0, see file LICENSE
+GNU GPL 3.0 (see file LICENSE), with exception for generated code:
 
-- prog8 (the compiler + libraries) is licensed under GNU GPL 3.0
-- *exception:* the resulting files created by running the compiler are free to use in whatever way desired.
+- The compiler and its libraries are free to use according to the terms of the GNU GPL 3.0
+- *exception:* the resulting files (intermediate source codes and resulting binary program) created by the compiler
+  are excluded from the GPL and are free to use in whatever way desired, commercially or not.
 
 
 What does Prog8 provide?
@@ -75,7 +76,12 @@ IntelliJ IDEA with the Kotlin plugin).
 
 It's handy to have an emulator (or a real machine perhaps!) to run the programs on. The compiler assumes the presence
 of the [Vice emulator](http://vice-emu.sourceforge.net/)  for the C64 target,
-and the [x16emu emulator](https://github.com/commanderx16/x16-emulator) for the CommanderX16 target.
+and a recent emulator version (R42 or newer) for the CommanderX16, such as [x16emu](https://cx16forum.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=30) 
+(preferred, this is the official emulator. If required, source code is [here](https://github.com/X16Community/x16-emulator/)).
+There is also [Box16](https://github.com/indigodarkwolf/box16) which has powerful debugging features.
+
+**Syntax highlighting:** for a few different editors, syntax highlighting definition files are provided.
+Look in the [syntax-files](https://github.com/irmen/prog8/tree/master/syntax-files) directory in the github repository to find them.
 
 
 Example code

codeAst/src/prog8/code/SymbolTable.kt

@@ -1,217 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code
-
-import prog8.code.core.*
-
-
-/**
- * Tree structure containing all symbol definitions in the program
- * (blocks, subroutines, variables (all types) and labels).
- */
-class SymbolTable : StNode("", StNodeType.GLOBAL, Position.DUMMY) {
-    fun print() = printIndented(0)
-
-    override fun printProperties() { }
-
-    /**
-     * The table as a flat mapping of scoped names to the StNode.
-     * This gives the fastest lookup possible (no need to traverse tree nodes)
-     */
-    val flat: Map<List<String>, StNode> by lazy {
-        val result = mutableMapOf<List<String>, StNode>()
-        fun flatten(node: StNode) {
-            result[node.scopedName] = node
-            node.children.values.forEach { flatten(it) }
-        }
-        children.values.forEach { flatten(it) }
-        result
-    }
-
-    val allVariables: Collection<StStaticVariable> by lazy {
-        val vars = mutableListOf<StStaticVariable>()
-        fun collect(node: StNode) {
-            for(child in node.children) {
-                if(child.value.type== StNodeType.STATICVAR)
-                    vars.add(child.value as StStaticVariable)
-                else
-                    collect(child.value)
-            }
-        }
-        collect(this)
-        vars
-    }
-
-    override fun lookup(scopedName: List<String>) = flat[scopedName]
-}
-
-
-enum class StNodeType {
-    GLOBAL,
-    // MODULE,     // not used with current scoping rules
-    BLOCK,
-    SUBROUTINE,
-    ROMSUB,
-    LABEL,
-    STATICVAR,
-    MEMVAR,
-    CONSTANT,
-    BUILTINFUNC
-}
-
-
-open class StNode(val name: String,
-                  val type: StNodeType,
-                  val position: Position,
-                  val children: MutableMap<String, StNode> = mutableMapOf()
-) {
-
-    lateinit var parent: StNode
-
-    val scopedName: List<String> by lazy {
-        if(type== StNodeType.GLOBAL)
-            emptyList()
-        else
-            parent.scopedName + name
-    }
-
-    fun lookup(name: String) =
-        lookupUnqualified(name)
-    open fun lookup(scopedName: List<String>) =
-        if(scopedName.size>1) lookupQualified(scopedName) else lookupUnqualified(scopedName[0])
-    fun lookupOrElse(name: String, default: () -> StNode) =
-        lookupUnqualified(name) ?: default()
-    fun lookupOrElse(scopedName: List<String>, default: () -> StNode) =
-        lookup(scopedName) ?: default()
-
-    private fun lookupQualified(scopedName: List<String>): StNode? {
-        // a scoped name refers to a name in another namespace, and always stars from the root.
-        var node = this
-        while(node.type!= StNodeType.GLOBAL)
-            node = node.parent
-
-        for(name in scopedName) {
-            if(name in node.children)
-                node = node.children.getValue(name)
-            else
-                return null
-        }
-        return node
-    }
-
-    private fun lookupUnqualified(name: String): StNode? {
-        // first consider the builtin functions
-        var globalscope = this
-        while(globalscope.type!= StNodeType.GLOBAL)
-            globalscope = globalscope.parent
-        val globalNode = globalscope.children[name]
-        if(globalNode!=null && globalNode.type== StNodeType.BUILTINFUNC)
-            return globalNode
-
-        // search for the unqualified name in the current scope or its parent scopes
-        var scope=this
-        while(true) {
-            val node = scope.children[name]
-            if(node!=null)
-                return node
-            if(scope.type== StNodeType.GLOBAL)
-                return null
-            else
-                scope = scope.parent
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun printIndented(indent: Int) {
-        print("    ".repeat(indent))
-        when(type) {
-            StNodeType.GLOBAL -> print("SYMBOL-TABLE:")
-            StNodeType.BLOCK -> print("(B) ")
-            StNodeType.SUBROUTINE -> print("(S) ")
-            StNodeType.LABEL -> print("(L) ")
-            StNodeType.STATICVAR -> print("(V) ")
-            StNodeType.MEMVAR -> print("(M) ")
-            StNodeType.CONSTANT -> print("(C) ")
-            StNodeType.BUILTINFUNC -> print("(F) ")
-            StNodeType.ROMSUB -> print("(R) ")
-        }
-        printProperties()
-        println()
-        children.forEach { (_, node) -> node.printIndented(indent+1) }
-    }
-
-    open fun printProperties() {
-        print("$name  ")
-    }
-
-    fun add(child: StNode) {
-        children[child.name] = child
-        child.parent = this
-    }
-}
-
-class StStaticVariable(name: String,
-                       val dt: DataType,
-                       val initialNumericValue: Double?,
-                       val initialStringValue: StString?,
-                       val initialArrayValue: StArray?,
-                       val length: Int?,             // for arrays: the number of elements, for strings: number of characters *including* the terminating 0-byte
-                       val zpwish: ZeropageWish,
-                       position: Position) : StNode(name, StNodeType.STATICVAR, position) {
-
-    init {
-        if(length!=null) {
-            require(initialNumericValue == null)
-            if(initialArrayValue!=null)
-                require(length == initialArrayValue.size)
-        }
-        if(initialNumericValue!=null)
-            require(dt in NumericDatatypes)
-        if(initialArrayValue!=null)
-            require(dt in ArrayDatatypes)
-        if(initialStringValue!=null) {
-            require(dt == DataType.STR)
-            require(length == initialStringValue.first.length+1)
-        }
-    }
-
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$name  dt=$dt  zpw=$zpwish")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class StConstant(name: String, val dt: DataType, val value: Double, position: Position) :
-    StNode(name, StNodeType.CONSTANT, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$name  dt=$dt value=$value")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class StMemVar(name: String, val dt: DataType, val address: UInt, position: Position) :
-    StNode(name, StNodeType.MEMVAR, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$name  dt=$dt address=${address.toHex()}")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class StSub(name: String, val parameters: List<StSubroutineParameter>, position: Position) :
-        StNode(name, StNodeType.SUBROUTINE, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print(name)
-    }
-}
-
-
-class StRomSub(name: String, val address: UInt, parameters: List<StSubroutineParameter>, position: Position) :
-    StNode(name, StNodeType.ROMSUB, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$name  address=${address.toHex()}")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class StSubroutineParameter(val name: String, val type: DataType)
-class StArrayElement(val number: Double?, val addressOf: List<String>?)
-
-typealias StString = Pair<String, Encoding>
-typealias StArray = List<StArrayElement>

codeAst/src/prog8/code/ast/AstBase.kt

@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.ast
-
-import prog8.code.core.*
-import java.nio.file.Path
-
-// New (work-in-progress) simplified AST for the code generator.
-
-
-sealed class PtNode(val position: Position) {
-
-    val children = mutableListOf<PtNode>()
-    lateinit var parent: PtNode
-
-    fun printIndented(indent: Int) {
-        print("    ".repeat(indent))
-        print("${this.javaClass.simpleName}  ")
-        printProperties()
-        println()
-        children.forEach { it.printIndented(indent+1) }
-    }
-
-    abstract fun printProperties()
-
-    fun add(child: PtNode) {
-        children.add(child)
-        child.parent = this
-    }
-
-    fun add(index: Int, child: PtNode) {
-        children.add(index, child)
-        child.parent = this
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtNodeGroup : PtNode(Position.DUMMY) {
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
-
-
-abstract class PtNamedNode(val name: String, position: Position): PtNode(position) {
-    val scopedName: List<String> by lazy {
-        var namedParent: PtNode = this.parent
-        if(namedParent is PtProgram)
-            listOf(name)
-        else {
-            while (namedParent !is PtNamedNode)
-                namedParent = namedParent.parent
-            namedParent.scopedName + name
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtProgram(
-    val name: String,
-    val memsizer: IMemSizer,
-    val encoding: IStringEncoding
-) : PtNode(Position.DUMMY) {
-    fun print() = printIndented(0)
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("'$name'")
-    }
-
-//    fun allModuleDirectives(): Sequence<PtDirective> =
-//        children.asSequence().flatMap { it.children }.filterIsInstance<PtDirective>().distinct()
-
-    fun allBlocks(): Sequence<PtBlock> =
-        children.asSequence().filterIsInstance<PtBlock>()
-
-    fun entrypoint(): PtSub? =
-        allBlocks().firstOrNull { it.name == "main" }?.children?.firstOrNull { it is PtSub && it.name == "start" } as PtSub?
-}
-
-
-class PtBlock(name: String,
-              val address: UInt?,
-              val library: Boolean,
-              position: Position
-) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$name  addr=$address  library=$library")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtInlineAssembly(val assembly: String, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
-
-
-class PtLabel(name: String, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print(name)
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtBreakpoint(position: Position): PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
-
-
-class PtIncludeBinary(val file: Path, val offset: UInt?, val length: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("filename=$file  offset=$offset  length=$length")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtNop(position: Position): PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
-
-
-class PtScopeVarsDecls(position: Position): PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}

codeAst/src/prog8/code/ast/AstExpressions.kt

@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.ast
-
-import prog8.code.core.DataType
-import prog8.code.core.Encoding
-import prog8.code.core.Position
-
-
-sealed class PtExpression(val type: DataType, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print(type)
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtAddressOf(position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.UWORD, position) {
-    val identifier: PtIdentifier
-        get() = children.single() as PtIdentifier
-}
-
-
-class PtArrayIndexer(type: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(type, position) {
-    val variable: PtIdentifier
-        get() = children[0] as PtIdentifier
-    val index: PtExpression
-        get() = children[1] as PtExpression
-}
-
-
-class PtArray(type: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(type, position)
-
-
-class PtBuiltinFunctionCall(val name: String, val void: Boolean, type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
-    init {
-        if(!void)
-            require(type!=DataType.UNDEFINED)
-    }
-
-    val args: List<PtExpression>
-        get() = children.map { it as PtExpression }
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$name void=$void")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtBinaryExpression(val operator: String, type: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(type, position) {
-    val left: PtExpression
-        get() = children[0] as PtExpression
-    val right: PtExpression
-        get() = children[1] as PtExpression
-
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$operator -> $type")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtContainmentCheck(position: Position): PtExpression(DataType.UBYTE, position) {
-    val element: PtExpression
-        get() = children[0] as PtExpression
-    val iterable: PtIdentifier
-        get() = children[1] as PtIdentifier
-}
-
-
-class PtFunctionCall(val functionName: List<String>,
-                     val void: Boolean,
-                     type: DataType,
-                     position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
-    init {
-        if(!void)
-            require(type!=DataType.UNDEFINED)
-    }
-
-    val args: List<PtExpression>
-        get() = children.map { it as PtExpression }
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("${functionName.joinToString(".")} void=$void")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtIdentifier(val ref: List<String>, val targetName: List<String>, type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$ref --> $targetName  $type")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtMemoryByte(position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.UBYTE, position) {
-    val address: PtExpression
-        get() = children.single() as PtExpression
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
-
-
-class PtNumber(type: DataType, val number: Double, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$number ($type)")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtPipe(type: DataType, val void: Boolean, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
-    init {
-        if(!void)
-            require(type!=DataType.UNDEFINED)
-    }
-
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
-
-
-class PtPrefix(val operator: String, type: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(type, position) {
-    val value: PtExpression
-        get() = children.single() as PtExpression
-
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print(operator)
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtRange(type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
-    val from: PtExpression
-        get() = children[0] as PtExpression
-    val to: PtExpression
-        get() = children[1] as PtExpression
-    val step: PtNumber
-        get() = children[2] as PtNumber
-
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
-
-
-class PtString(val value: String, val encoding: Encoding, position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.STR, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$encoding:\"$value\"")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtTypeCast(type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
-    val value: PtExpression
-        get() = children.single() as PtExpression
-}

codeCore/build.gradle

@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ compileTestKotlin {
 }
 
 dependencies {
-    implementation project(':virtualmachine')
+    // should have no dependencies to other modules
     implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8"
-    implementation "com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:1.1.14"
+    implementation "com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:1.1.17"
 }
 
 sourceSets {

codeCore/codeCore.iml

@@ -10,6 +10,5 @@
     <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="KotlinJavaRuntime" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="michael.bull.kotlin.result.jvm" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="virtualmachine" />
   </component>
 </module>

codeCore/src/prog8/code/Either.kt

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-package prog8
+package prog8.code
 
 /**
  * By convention, the right side of an `Either` is used to hold successful values.
- *
  */
 sealed class Either<out L, out R> {
 

codeCore/src/prog8/code/SymbolTable.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+package prog8.code
+
+import prog8.code.ast.PtNode
+import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
+import prog8.code.core.*
+
+
+/**
+ * Tree structure containing all symbol definitions in the program
+ * (blocks, subroutines, variables (all types), memoryslabs, and labels).
+ */
+class SymbolTable(astProgram: PtProgram) : StNode(astProgram.name, StNodeType.GLOBAL, astProgram) {
+    /**
+     * The table as a flat mapping of scoped names to the StNode.
+     * This gives the fastest lookup possible (no need to traverse tree nodes)
+     */
+
+    private var cachedFlat: Map<String, StNode>? = null
+
+    val flat: Map<String, StNode> get()  {
+        if(cachedFlat!=null)
+            return cachedFlat!!
+
+        val result = mutableMapOf<String, StNode>()
+        fun collect(node: StNode) {
+            for(child in node.children) {
+                result[child.value.scopedName] = child.value
+                collect(child.value)
+            }
+        }
+        collect(this)
+        cachedFlat = result
+        return result
+    }
+
+    fun resetCachedFlat() {
+        cachedFlat = null
+    }
+
+    val allVariables: Collection<StStaticVariable> by lazy {
+        val vars = mutableListOf<StStaticVariable>()
+        fun collect(node: StNode) {
+            for(child in node.children) {
+                if(child.value.type== StNodeType.STATICVAR)
+                    vars.add(child.value as StStaticVariable)
+                else
+                    collect(child.value)
+            }
+        }
+        collect(this)
+        vars
+    }
+
+    val allMemMappedVariables: Collection<StMemVar> by lazy {
+        val vars = mutableListOf<StMemVar>()
+        fun collect(node: StNode) {
+            for(child in node.children) {
+                if(child.value.type== StNodeType.MEMVAR)
+                    vars.add(child.value as StMemVar)
+                else
+                    collect(child.value)
+            }
+        }
+        collect(this)
+        vars
+    }
+
+    val allMemorySlabs: Collection<StMemorySlab> by lazy {
+        val vars = mutableListOf<StMemorySlab>()
+        fun collect(node: StNode) {
+            for(child in node.children) {
+                if(child.value.type== StNodeType.MEMORYSLAB)
+                    vars.add(child.value as StMemorySlab)
+                else
+                    collect(child.value)
+            }
+        }
+        collect(this)
+        vars
+    }
+
+    override fun lookup(scopedName: String) = flat[scopedName]
+}
+
+
+enum class StNodeType {
+    GLOBAL,
+    // MODULE,     // not used with current scoping rules
+    BLOCK,
+    SUBROUTINE,
+    ROMSUB,
+    LABEL,
+    STATICVAR,
+    MEMVAR,
+    CONSTANT,
+    BUILTINFUNC,
+    MEMORYSLAB
+}
+
+
+open class StNode(val name: String,
+                  val type: StNodeType,
+                  val astNode: PtNode,
+                  val children: MutableMap<String, StNode> = mutableMapOf()
+) {
+
+    lateinit var parent: StNode
+
+    val scopedName: String by lazy { scopedNameList.joinToString(".") }
+
+    open fun lookup(scopedName: String) =
+        lookup(scopedName.split('.'))
+
+    fun lookupUnscopedOrElse(name: String, default: () -> StNode) =
+        lookupUnscoped(name) ?: default()
+
+    fun lookupOrElse(scopedName: String, default: () -> StNode): StNode =
+        lookup(scopedName.split('.')) ?: default()
+
+    fun lookupUnscoped(name: String): StNode? {
+        // first consider the builtin functions
+        var globalscope = this
+        while(globalscope.type!= StNodeType.GLOBAL)
+            globalscope = globalscope.parent
+        val globalNode = globalscope.children[name]
+        if(globalNode!=null && globalNode.type== StNodeType.BUILTINFUNC)
+            return globalNode
+
+        // search for the unqualified name in the current scope or its parent scopes
+        var scope=this
+        while(true) {
+            val node = scope.children[name]
+            if(node!=null)
+                return node
+            if(scope.type== StNodeType.GLOBAL)
+                return null
+            else
+                scope = scope.parent
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun add(child: StNode) {
+        children[child.name] = child
+        child.parent = this
+    }
+
+    private val scopedNameList: List<String> by lazy {
+        if(type==StNodeType.GLOBAL)
+            emptyList()
+        else
+            parent.scopedNameList + name
+    }
+
+    private fun lookup(scopedName: List<String>): StNode? {
+        // a scoped name refers to a name in another namespace, and always stars from the root.
+        var node = this
+        while(node.type!=StNodeType.GLOBAL)
+            node = node.parent
+
+        for(name in scopedName) {
+            if(name in node.children)
+                node = node.children.getValue(name)
+            else
+                return null
+        }
+        return node
+    }
+}
+
+class StStaticVariable(name: String,
+                       val dt: DataType,
+                       val onetimeInitializationNumericValue: Double?,      // regular (every-run-time) initialization is done via regular assignments
+                       val onetimeInitializationStringValue: StString?,
+                       val onetimeInitializationArrayValue: StArray?,
+                       val length: Int?,            // for arrays: the number of elements, for strings: number of characters *including* the terminating 0-byte
+                       val zpwish: ZeropageWish,    // used in the variable allocator
+                       astNode: PtNode) : StNode(name, StNodeType.STATICVAR, astNode) {
+
+    val uninitialized = onetimeInitializationArrayValue==null && onetimeInitializationStringValue==null && onetimeInitializationNumericValue==null
+
+    init {
+        if(length!=null) {
+            require(onetimeInitializationNumericValue == null)
+            if(onetimeInitializationArrayValue!=null)
+                require(onetimeInitializationArrayValue.isEmpty() ||onetimeInitializationArrayValue.size==length)
+        }
+        if(onetimeInitializationNumericValue!=null) {
+            require(dt in NumericDatatypes)
+            require(onetimeInitializationNumericValue!=0.0) { "zero as init value should just remain uninitialized"}
+        }
+        if(onetimeInitializationArrayValue!=null) {
+            require(dt in ArrayDatatypes)
+            if(onetimeInitializationArrayValue.all { it.number!=null} ) {
+                require(onetimeInitializationArrayValue.any { it.number != 0.0 }) { "array of all zerors as init value should just remain uninitialized" }
+            }
+        }
+        if(onetimeInitializationStringValue!=null) {
+            require(dt == DataType.STR)
+            require(length == onetimeInitializationStringValue.first.length+1)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+class StConstant(name: String, val dt: DataType, val value: Double, astNode: PtNode) :
+    StNode(name, StNodeType.CONSTANT, astNode) {
+}
+
+
+class StMemVar(name: String,
+               val dt: DataType,
+               val address: UInt,
+               val length: Int?,             // for arrays: the number of elements, for strings: number of characters *including* the terminating 0-byte
+               astNode: PtNode) :
+    StNode(name, StNodeType.MEMVAR, astNode) {
+
+    init{
+        if(dt in ArrayDatatypes || dt == DataType.STR)
+            require(length!=null) { "memory mapped array or string must have known length" }
+    }
+}
+
+class StMemorySlab(
+    name: String,
+    val size: UInt,
+    val align: UInt,
+    astNode: PtNode
+):
+    StNode(name, StNodeType.MEMORYSLAB, astNode) {
+}
+
+class StSub(name: String, val parameters: List<StSubroutineParameter>, val returnType: DataType?, astNode: PtNode) :
+        StNode(name, StNodeType.SUBROUTINE, astNode) {
+}
+
+
+class StRomSub(name: String,
+               val address: UInt?,      // null in case of asmsub, specified in case of romsub
+               val parameters: List<StRomSubParameter>,
+               val returns: List<StRomSubParameter>,
+               astNode: PtNode) :
+    StNode(name, StNodeType.ROMSUB, astNode)
+
+
+
+class StSubroutineParameter(val name: String, val type: DataType)
+class StRomSubParameter(val register: RegisterOrStatusflag, val type: DataType)
+class StArrayElement(val number: Double?, val addressOfSymbol: String?)
+
+typealias StString = Pair<String, Encoding>
+typealias StArray = List<StArrayElement>

codeCore/src/prog8/code/SymbolTableMaker.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+package prog8.code
+
+import prog8.code.ast.*
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.VMTarget
+import java.util.*
+
+class SymbolTableMaker(private val program: PtProgram, private val options: CompilationOptions) {
+    fun make(): SymbolTable {
+        val st = SymbolTable(program)
+
+        BuiltinFunctions.forEach {
+            st.add(StNode(it.key, StNodeType.BUILTINFUNC, PtIdentifier(it.key, it.value.returnType ?: DataType.UNDEFINED, Position.DUMMY)))
+        }
+
+        val scopestack = Stack<StNode>()
+        scopestack.push(st)
+        program.children.forEach {
+            addToSt(it, scopestack)
+        }
+        require(scopestack.size==1)
+
+        if(options.compTarget.name != VMTarget.NAME) {
+            listOf(
+                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, options.compTarget.machine.zeropage.SCRATCH_B1, null, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG", DataType.UBYTE, options.compTarget.machine.zeropage.SCRATCH_REG, null, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UWORD, options.compTarget.machine.zeropage.SCRATCH_W1, null, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD, options.compTarget.machine.zeropage.SCRATCH_W2, null, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ESTACK_LO", DataType.ARRAY_UB, options.compTarget.machine.ESTACK_LO, 128u, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ESTACK_HI", DataType.ARRAY_UB, options.compTarget.machine.ESTACK_HI, 128u, Position.DUMMY)
+            ).forEach {
+                it.parent = program
+                st.add(StMemVar(it.name, it.type, it.address, it.arraySize?.toInt(), it))
+            }
+        }
+
+        return st
+    }
+
+    private fun addToSt(node: PtNode, scope: Stack<StNode>) {
+        val stNode = when(node) {
+            is PtAsmSub -> {
+                val parameters = node.parameters.map { StRomSubParameter(it.first, it.second.type) }
+                val returns = node.returns.map { StRomSubParameter(it.first, it.second) }
+                StRomSub(node.name, node.address, parameters, returns, node)
+            }
+            is PtBlock -> {
+                StNode(node.name, StNodeType.BLOCK, node)
+            }
+            is PtConstant -> {
+                StConstant(node.name, node.type, node.value, node)
+            }
+            is PtLabel -> {
+                StNode(node.name, StNodeType.LABEL, node)
+            }
+            is PtMemMapped -> {
+                StMemVar(node.name, node.type, node.address, node.arraySize?.toInt(), node)
+            }
+            is PtSub -> {
+                val params = node.parameters.map {StSubroutineParameter(it.name, it.type) }
+                StSub(node.name, params, node.returntype, node)
+            }
+            is PtVariable -> {
+                val initialNumeric: Double?
+                val initialString: StString?
+                val initialArray: StArray?
+                val numElements: Int?
+                val value = node.value
+                if(value!=null) {
+                    val number = (value as? PtNumber)?.number
+                    initialNumeric = if(number==0.0) null else number       // 0 as init value -> just uninitialized
+                    when (value) {
+                        is PtString -> {
+                            initialString = StString(value.value, value.encoding)
+                            initialArray = null
+                            numElements = value.value.length + 1   // include the terminating 0-byte
+                        }
+                        is PtArray -> {
+                            val array = makeInitialArray(value)
+                            initialArray = if(array.all { it.number==0.0 }) null else array            // all 0 as init value -> just uninitialized
+                            initialString = null
+                            numElements = array.size
+                            require(node.arraySize?.toInt()==numElements)
+                        }
+                        else -> {
+                            initialString = null
+                            initialArray = null
+                            numElements = node.arraySize?.toInt()
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    initialNumeric = null
+                    initialArray = null
+                    initialString = null
+                    numElements = node.arraySize?.toInt()
+                }
+                StStaticVariable(node.name, node.type, initialNumeric, initialString, initialArray, numElements, node.zeropage, node)
+            }
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> {
+                if(node.name=="memory") {
+                    // memory slab allocations are a builtin functioncall in the program, but end up named as well in the symboltable
+                    require(node.name.all { it.isLetterOrDigit() || it=='_' }) {"memory name should be a valid symbol name"}
+                    val slabname = (node.args[0] as PtString).value
+                    val size = (node.args[1] as PtNumber).number.toUInt()
+                    val align = (node.args[2] as PtNumber).number.toUInt()
+                    // don't add memory slabs in nested scope, just put them in the top level of the ST
+                    scope.firstElement().add(StMemorySlab("prog8_memoryslab_$slabname", size, align, node))
+                }
+                null
+            }
+            else -> null // node is not present in the ST
+        }
+
+        if(stNode!=null) {
+            scope.peek().add(stNode)
+            scope.push(stNode)
+        }
+        node.children.forEach {
+            addToSt(it, scope)
+        }
+        if(stNode!=null)
+            scope.pop()
+    }
+
+    private fun makeInitialArray(value: PtArray): List<StArrayElement> {
+        return value.children.map {
+            when(it) {
+                is PtAddressOf -> StArrayElement(null, it.identifier.name)
+                is PtIdentifier -> StArrayElement(null, it.name)
+                is PtNumber -> StArrayElement(it.number, null)
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid array element $it")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+//    override fun visit(decl: VarDecl) {
+//        val node =
+//            when(decl.type) {
+//                VarDeclType.VAR -> {
+//                    var initialNumeric = (decl.value as? NumericLiteral)?.number
+//                    if(initialNumeric==0.0)
+//                        initialNumeric=null     // variable will go into BSS and this will be set to 0
+//                    val initialStringLit = decl.value as? StringLiteral
+//                    val initialString = if(initialStringLit==null) null else Pair(initialStringLit.value, initialStringLit.encoding)
+//                    val initialArrayLit = decl.value as? ArrayLiteral
+//                    val initialArray = makeInitialArray(initialArrayLit)
+//                    if(decl.isArray && decl.datatype !in ArrayDatatypes)
+//                        throw FatalAstException("array vardecl has mismatched dt ${decl.datatype}")
+//                    val numElements =
+//                        if(decl.isArray)
+//                            decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()
+//                        else if(initialStringLit!=null)
+//                            initialStringLit.value.length+1  // include the terminating 0-byte
+//                        else
+//                            null
+//                    val bss = if(decl.datatype==DataType.STR)
+//                        false
+//                    else if(decl.isArray)
+//                        initialArray.isNullOrEmpty()
+//                    else
+//                        initialNumeric == null
+//                    val astNode = PtVariable(decl.name, decl.datatype, null, null, decl.position)
+//                    StStaticVariable(decl.name, decl.datatype, bss, initialNumeric, initialString, initialArray, numElements, decl.zeropage, astNode, decl.position)
+//                }
+//                VarDeclType.CONST -> {
+//                    val astNode = PtVariable(decl.name, decl.datatype, null, null, decl.position)
+//                    StConstant(decl.name, decl.datatype, (decl.value as NumericLiteral).number, astNode, decl.position)
+//                }
+//                VarDeclType.MEMORY -> {
+//                    val numElements =
+//                        if(decl.datatype in ArrayDatatypes)
+//                            decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()
+//                        else null
+//                    val astNode = PtVariable(decl.name, decl.datatype, null, null, decl.position)
+//                    StMemVar(decl.name, decl.datatype, (decl.value as NumericLiteral).number.toUInt(), numElements, astNode, decl.position)
+//                }
+//            }
+//        scopestack.peek().add(node)
+//        // st.origAstLinks[decl] = node
+//    }
+//
+//    private fun makeInitialArray(arrayLit: ArrayLiteral?): StArray? {
+//        if(arrayLit==null)
+//            return null
+//        return arrayLit.value.map {
+//            when(it){
+//                is AddressOf -> {
+//                    val scopedName = it.identifier.targetNameAndType(program).first
+//                    StArrayElement(null, scopedName)
+//                }
+//                is IdentifierReference -> {
+//                    val scopedName = it.targetNameAndType(program).first
+//                    StArrayElement(null, scopedName)
+//                }
+//                is NumericLiteral -> StArrayElement(it.number, null)
+//                else -> throw FatalAstException("weird element dt in array literal")
+//            }
+//        }.toList()
+//    }
+//

codeCore/src/prog8/code/ast/AstBase.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+package prog8.code.ast
+
+import prog8.code.core.IMemSizer
+import prog8.code.core.IStringEncoding
+import prog8.code.core.Position
+import prog8.code.core.SourceCode
+import java.nio.file.Path
+
+// New simplified AST for the code generator.
+
+
+sealed class PtNode(val position: Position) {
+
+    val children = mutableListOf<PtNode>()
+    lateinit var parent: PtNode
+
+    fun add(child: PtNode) {
+        children.add(child)
+        child.parent = this
+    }
+
+    fun add(index: Int, child: PtNode) {
+        children.add(index, child)
+        child.parent = this
+    }
+
+    fun definingBlock() = findParentNode<PtBlock>(this)
+    fun definingSub() = findParentNode<PtSub>(this)
+    fun definingAsmSub() = findParentNode<PtAsmSub>(this)
+    fun definingISub() = findParentNode<IPtSubroutine>(this)
+}
+
+
+class PtNodeGroup : PtNode(Position.DUMMY)
+
+
+sealed class PtNamedNode(var name: String, position: Position): PtNode(position) {
+    // Note that as an exception, the 'name' is not read-only
+    // but a var. This is to allow for cheap node renames.
+    val scopedName: String by lazy {
+        var namedParent: PtNode = this.parent
+        if(namedParent is PtProgram)
+            name
+        else {
+            while (namedParent !is PtNamedNode)
+                namedParent = namedParent.parent
+            namedParent.scopedName + "." + name
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PtProgram(
+    val name: String,
+    val memsizer: IMemSizer,
+    val encoding: IStringEncoding
+) : PtNode(Position.DUMMY) {
+
+//    fun allModuleDirectives(): Sequence<PtDirective> =
+//        children.asSequence().flatMap { it.children }.filterIsInstance<PtDirective>().distinct()
+
+    fun allBlocks(): Sequence<PtBlock> =
+        children.asSequence().filterIsInstance<PtBlock>()
+
+    fun entrypoint(): PtSub? =
+        allBlocks().firstOrNull { it.name == "main" }?.children?.firstOrNull { it is PtSub && (it.name == "start" || it.name=="main.start") } as PtSub?
+}
+
+
+class PtBlock(name: String,
+              val address: UInt?,
+              val library: Boolean,
+              val forceOutput: Boolean,
+              val alignment: BlockAlignment,
+              val source: SourceCode,       // taken from the module the block is defined in.
+              position: Position
+) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
+    enum class BlockAlignment {
+        NONE,
+        WORD,
+        PAGE
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PtInlineAssembly(val assembly: String, val isIR: Boolean, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    init {
+        require(!assembly.startsWith('\n') && !assembly.startsWith('\r')) { "inline assembly should be trimmed" }
+        require(!assembly.endsWith('\n') && !assembly.endsWith('\r')) { "inline assembly should be trimmed" }
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PtLabel(name: String, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position)
+
+
+class PtBreakpoint(position: Position): PtNode(position)
+
+
+class PtIncludeBinary(val file: Path, val offset: UInt?, val length: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNode(position)
+
+
+class PtNop(position: Position): PtNode(position)
+
+
+// find the parent node of a specific type or interface
+// (useful to figure out in what namespace/block something is defined, etc.)
+inline fun <reified T> findParentNode(node: PtNode): T? {
+    var candidate = node.parent
+    while(candidate !is T && candidate !is PtProgram)
+        candidate = candidate.parent
+    return if(candidate is PtProgram)
+        null
+    else
+        candidate as T
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/ast/AstExpressions.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+package prog8.code.ast
+
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import java.util.*
+import kotlin.math.abs
+import kotlin.math.round
+
+
+sealed class PtExpression(val type: DataType, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+
+    init {
+        if(type==DataType.BOOL)
+            throw IllegalArgumentException("bool should have become ubyte @$position")
+        if(type==DataType.UNDEFINED) {
+            @Suppress("LeakingThis")
+            when(this) {
+                is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> { /* void function call */ }
+                is PtFunctionCall -> { /* void function call */ }
+                is PtIdentifier -> { /* non-variable identifier */ }
+                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("type should be known @$position")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    infix fun isSameAs(other: PtExpression): Boolean {
+        return when(this) {
+            is PtAddressOf -> other is PtAddressOf && other.type==type && other.identifier isSameAs identifier
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> other is PtArrayIndexer && other.type==type && other.variable isSameAs variable && other.index isSameAs index && other.splitWords==splitWords
+            is PtBinaryExpression -> other is PtBinaryExpression && other.left isSameAs left && other.right isSameAs right
+            is PtContainmentCheck -> other is PtContainmentCheck && other.type==type && other.element isSameAs element && other.iterable isSameAs iterable
+            is PtIdentifier -> other is PtIdentifier && other.type==type && other.name==name
+            is PtMachineRegister -> other is PtMachineRegister && other.type==type && other.register==register
+            is PtMemoryByte -> other is PtMemoryByte && other.address isSameAs address
+            is PtNumber -> other is PtNumber && other.type==type && other.number==number
+            is PtPrefix -> other is PtPrefix && other.type==type && other.operator==operator && other.value isSameAs value
+            is PtRange -> other is PtRange && other.type==type && other.from==from && other.to==to && other.step==step
+            is PtTypeCast -> other is PtTypeCast && other.type==type && other.value isSameAs value
+            else -> false
+        }
+    }
+
+    infix fun isSameAs(target: PtAssignTarget): Boolean {
+        return when {
+            target.memory != null && this is PtMemoryByte-> {
+                target.memory!!.address isSameAs this.address
+            }
+            target.identifier != null && this is PtIdentifier -> {
+                this.name == target.identifier!!.name
+            }
+            target.array != null && this is PtArrayIndexer -> {
+                this.variable.name == target.array!!.variable.name && this.index isSameAs target.array!!.index && this.splitWords==target.array!!.splitWords
+            }
+            else -> false
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun asConstInteger(): Int? = (this as? PtNumber)?.number?.toInt()
+
+    fun isSimple(): Boolean {
+        return when(this) {
+            is PtAddressOf -> true
+            is PtArray -> true
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> index is PtNumber || index is PtIdentifier
+            is PtBinaryExpression -> false
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> name in arrayOf("msb", "lsb", "peek", "peekw", "mkword", "set_carry", "set_irqd", "clear_carry", "clear_irqd")
+            is PtContainmentCheck -> false
+            is PtFunctionCall -> false
+            is PtIdentifier -> true
+            is PtMachineRegister -> true
+            is PtMemoryByte -> address is PtNumber || address is PtIdentifier
+            is PtNumber -> true
+            is PtPrefix -> value.isSimple()
+            is PtRange -> true
+            is PtString -> true
+            is PtTypeCast -> value.isSimple()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+    fun clone(): PtExpression {
+        fun withClonedChildrenFrom(orig: PtExpression, clone: PtExpression): PtExpression {
+            orig.children.forEach { clone.add((it as PtExpression).clone()) }
+            return clone
+        }
+        when(this) {
+            is PtAddressOf -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtAddressOf(position))
+            is PtArray -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtArray(type, position))
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtArrayIndexer(type, position))
+            is PtBinaryExpression -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtBinaryExpression(operator, type, position))
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtBuiltinFunctionCall(name, void, hasNoSideEffects, type, position))
+            is PtContainmentCheck -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtContainmentCheck(position))
+            is PtFunctionCall -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtFunctionCall(name, void, type, position))
+            is PtIdentifier -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtIdentifier(name, type, position))
+            is PtMachineRegister -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtMachineRegister(register, type, position))
+            is PtMemoryByte -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtMemoryByte(position))
+            is PtNumber -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtNumber(type, number, position))
+            is PtPrefix -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtPrefix(operator, type, position))
+            is PtRange -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtRange(type, position))
+            is PtString -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtString(value, encoding, position))
+            is PtTypeCast -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtTypeCast(type, position))
+        }
+    }
+    */
+}
+
+class PtAddressOf(position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.UWORD, position) {
+    val identifier: PtIdentifier
+        get() = children.single() as PtIdentifier
+}
+
+
+class PtArrayIndexer(elementType: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(elementType, position) {
+    val variable: PtIdentifier
+        get() = children[0] as PtIdentifier
+    val index: PtExpression
+        get() = children[1] as PtExpression
+
+    val splitWords: Boolean
+        get() = variable.type in SplitWordArrayTypes
+
+    init {
+        require(elementType in NumericDatatypes)
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PtArray(type: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(type, position) {
+    override fun hashCode(): Int = Objects.hash(children, type)
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
+        if(other==null || other !is PtArray)
+            return false
+        return type==other.type && children == other.children
+    }
+
+    val size: Int
+        get() = children.size
+}
+
+
+class PtBuiltinFunctionCall(val name: String,
+                            val void: Boolean,
+                            val hasNoSideEffects: Boolean,
+                            type: DataType,
+                            position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
+    init {
+        if(!void)
+            require(type!=DataType.UNDEFINED)
+    }
+
+    val args: List<PtExpression>
+        get() = children.map { it as PtExpression }
+}
+
+
+class PtBinaryExpression(val operator: String, type: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(type, position) {
+    // note: "and", "or", "xor" do not occur anymore as operators. They've been replaced int the ast by their bitwise versions &, |, ^.
+    val left: PtExpression
+        get() = children[0] as PtExpression
+    val right: PtExpression
+        get() = children[1] as PtExpression
+}
+
+
+class PtContainmentCheck(position: Position): PtExpression(DataType.UBYTE, position) {
+    val element: PtExpression
+        get() = children[0] as PtExpression
+    val iterable: PtIdentifier
+        get() = children[1] as PtIdentifier
+}
+
+
+class PtFunctionCall(val name: String,
+                     val void: Boolean,
+                     type: DataType,
+                     position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
+    init {
+        if(!void)
+            require(type!=DataType.UNDEFINED)
+    }
+
+    val args: List<PtExpression>
+        get() = children.map { it as PtExpression }
+}
+
+
+class PtIdentifier(val name: String, type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
+    override fun toString(): String {
+        return "[PtIdentifier:$name $type $position]"
+    }
+
+    fun copy() = PtIdentifier(name, type, position)
+}
+
+
+class PtMemoryByte(position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.UBYTE, position) {
+    val address: PtExpression
+        get() = children.single() as PtExpression
+}
+
+
+class PtNumber(type: DataType, val number: Double, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
+
+    companion object {
+        fun fromBoolean(bool: Boolean, position: Position): PtNumber =
+            PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, if(bool) 1.0 else 0.0, position)
+    }
+
+    init {
+        if(type==DataType.BOOL)
+            throw IllegalArgumentException("bool should have become ubyte @$position")
+        if(type!=DataType.FLOAT) {
+            val rounded = round(number)
+            if (rounded != number)
+                throw IllegalArgumentException("refused rounding of float to avoid loss of precision @$position")
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun hashCode(): Int = Objects.hash(type, number)
+
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
+        if(other==null || other !is PtNumber)
+            return false
+        return number==other.number
+    }
+
+    operator fun compareTo(other: PtNumber): Int = number.compareTo(other.number)
+
+    override fun toString() = "PtNumber:$type:$number"
+}
+
+
+class PtPrefix(val operator: String, type: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(type, position) {
+    val value: PtExpression
+        get() = children.single() as PtExpression
+
+    init {
+        // note: the "not" operator may no longer occur in the ast; not x should have been replaced with x==0
+        require(operator in setOf("+", "-", "~")) { "invalid prefix operator: $operator" }
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PtRange(type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
+    val from: PtExpression
+        get() = children[0] as PtExpression
+    val to: PtExpression
+        get() = children[1] as PtExpression
+    val step: PtNumber
+        get() = children[2] as PtNumber
+
+    fun toConstantIntegerRange(): IntProgression? {
+        fun makeRange(fromVal: Int, toVal: Int, stepVal: Int): IntProgression {
+            return when {
+                fromVal <= toVal -> when {
+                    stepVal <= 0 -> IntRange.EMPTY
+                    stepVal == 1 -> fromVal..toVal
+                    else -> fromVal..toVal step stepVal
+                }
+                else -> when {
+                    stepVal >= 0 -> IntRange.EMPTY
+                    stepVal == -1 -> fromVal downTo toVal
+                    else -> fromVal downTo toVal step abs(stepVal)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        val fromLv = from as? PtNumber
+        val toLv = to as? PtNumber
+        val stepLv = step as? PtNumber
+        if(fromLv==null || toLv==null || stepLv==null)
+            return null
+        val fromVal = fromLv.number.toInt()
+        val toVal = toLv.number.toInt()
+        val stepVal = stepLv.number.toInt()
+        return makeRange(fromVal, toVal, stepVal)
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PtString(val value: String, val encoding: Encoding, position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.STR, position) {
+    override fun hashCode(): Int = Objects.hash(value, encoding)
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
+        if(other==null || other !is PtString)
+            return false
+        return value==other.value && encoding == other.encoding
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PtTypeCast(type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
+    val value: PtExpression
+        get() = children.single() as PtExpression
+}
+
+
+// special node that isn't created from compiling user code, but used internally in the Intermediate Code
+class PtMachineRegister(val register: Int, type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position)
+
+
+fun constValue(expr: PtExpression): Double? = if(expr is PtNumber) expr.number else null
+fun constIntValue(expr: PtExpression): Int? = if(expr is PtNumber) expr.number.toInt() else null

codeCore/src/prog8/code/ast/AstPrinter.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+package prog8.code.ast
+
+import prog8.code.core.*
+
+/**
+ * Produces readable text from a [PtNode] (AST node, usually starting with PtProgram as root),
+ * passing it as a String to the specified receiver function.
+ */
+fun printAst(root: PtNode, skipLibraries: Boolean, output: (text: String) -> Unit) {
+    fun type(dt: DataType) = "!${dt.name.lowercase()}!"
+    fun txt(node: PtNode): String {
+        return when(node) {
+            is PtAssignTarget -> "<target>"
+            is PtAssignment -> "<assign>"
+            is PtAugmentedAssign -> "<inplace-assign> ${node.operator}"
+            is PtBreakpoint -> "%breakpoint"
+            is PtConditionalBranch -> "if_${node.condition.name.lowercase()}"
+            is PtAddressOf -> "&"
+            is PtArray -> "array len=${node.children.size} ${type(node.type)}"
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> "<arrayindexer> ${type(node.type)} ${if(node.splitWords) "[splitwords]" else ""}"
+            is PtBinaryExpression -> "<expr> ${node.operator} ${type(node.type)}"
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> {
+                val str = if(node.void) "void " else ""
+                str + node.name + "()"
+            }
+            is PtContainmentCheck -> "in"
+            is PtFunctionCall -> {
+                val str = if(node.void) "void " else ""
+                str + node.name + "()"
+            }
+            is PtIdentifier -> "${node.name} ${type(node.type)}"
+            is PtMachineRegister -> "VMREG#${node.register} ${type(node.type)}"
+            is PtMemoryByte -> "@()"
+            is PtNumber -> {
+                val numstr = if(node.type == DataType.FLOAT) node.number.toString() else node.number.toHex()
+                "$numstr ${type(node.type)}"
+            }
+            is PtPrefix -> node.operator
+            is PtRange -> "<range>"
+            is PtString -> "\"${node.value.escape()}\""
+            is PtTypeCast -> "as ${node.type.name.lowercase()}"
+            is PtForLoop -> "for"
+            is PtIfElse -> "ifelse"
+            is PtIncludeBinary -> "%incbin '${node.file}', ${node.offset}, ${node.length}"
+            is PtInlineAssembly -> {
+                if(node.isIR)
+                    "%ir {{ ...${node.assembly.length} characters... }}"
+                else
+                    "%asm {{ ...${node.assembly.length} characters... }}"
+            }
+            is PtJump -> {
+                if(node.identifier!=null)
+                    "goto ${node.identifier.name}"
+                else if(node.address!=null)
+                    "goto ${node.address.toHex()}"
+                else if(node.generatedLabel!=null)
+                    "goto ${node.generatedLabel}"
+                else
+                    "???"
+            }
+            is PtAsmSub -> {
+                val params = if (node.parameters.isEmpty()) "" else "...TODO ${node.parameters.size} PARAMS..."
+                val clobbers = if (node.clobbers.isEmpty()) "" else "clobbers ${node.clobbers}"
+                val returns = if (node.returns.isEmpty()) "" else (if (node.returns.size == 1) "-> ${node.returns[0].second.name.lowercase()}" else "-> ${node.returns.map { it.second.name.lowercase() }}")
+                val str = if (node.inline) "inline " else ""
+                if(node.address==null) {
+                    str + "asmsub ${node.name}($params) $clobbers $returns"
+                } else {
+                    str + "romsub ${node.address.toHex()} = ${node.name}($params) $clobbers $returns"
+                }
+            }
+            is PtBlock -> {
+                val addr = if(node.address==null) "" else "@${node.address.toHex()}"
+                val align = if(node.alignment==PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE) "" else "align=${node.alignment}"
+                "\nblock '${node.name}' $addr $align"
+            }
+            is PtConstant -> {
+                val value = if(node.type in IntegerDatatypes) node.value.toInt().toString() else node.value.toString()
+                "const ${node.type.name.lowercase()} ${node.name} = $value"
+            }
+            is PtLabel -> "${node.name}:"
+            is PtMemMapped -> {
+                if(node.type in ArrayDatatypes) {
+                    val arraysize = if(node.arraySize==null) "" else node.arraySize.toString()
+                    val eltType = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(node.type)
+                    "&${eltType.name.lowercase()}[$arraysize] ${node.name} = ${node.address.toHex()}"
+                } else {
+                    "&${node.type.name.lowercase()} ${node.name} = ${node.address.toHex()}"
+                }
+            }
+            is PtSub -> {
+                val params = if (node.parameters.isEmpty()) "" else "...TODO ${node.parameters.size} PARAMS..."
+                var str = "sub ${node.name}($params) "
+                if(node.returntype!=null)
+                    str += "-> ${node.returntype.name.lowercase()}"
+                str
+            }
+            is PtVariable -> {
+                val split = if(node.type in SplitWordArrayTypes) "@split" else ""
+                val str = if(node.arraySize!=null) {
+                    val eltType = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(node.type)
+                    "${eltType.name.lowercase()}[${node.arraySize}] $split ${node.name}"
+                }
+                else if(node.type in ArrayDatatypes) {
+                    val eltType = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(node.type)
+                    "${eltType.name.lowercase()}[] $split ${node.name}"
+                }
+                else
+                    "${node.type.name.lowercase()} ${node.name}"
+                if(node.value!=null)
+                    str + " = " + txt(node.value)
+                else
+                    str
+            }
+            is PtNodeGroup -> "<group>"
+            is PtNop -> "nop"
+            is PtPostIncrDecr -> "<post> ${node.operator}"
+            is PtProgram -> "PROGRAM ${node.name}"
+            is PtRepeatLoop -> "repeat"
+            is PtReturn -> "return"
+            is PtSubroutineParameter -> "${node.type.name.lowercase()} ${node.name}"
+            is PtWhen -> "when"
+            is PtWhenChoice -> {
+                if(node.isElse)
+                    "else"
+                else
+                    "->"
+            }
+            else -> throw InternalCompilerException("unrecognised ast node $node")
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(root is PtProgram) {
+        output(txt(root))
+        root.children.forEach {
+            walkAst(it) { node, depth ->
+                val txt = txt(node)
+                val library = if(node is PtBlock) node.library else node.definingBlock()?.library==true
+                if(!library || !skipLibraries) {
+                    if (txt.isNotEmpty())
+                        output("    ".repeat(depth) + txt(node))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        println()
+    } else {
+        walkAst(root) { node, depth ->
+            val txt = txt(node)
+            val library = if(node is PtBlock) node.library else node.definingBlock()?.library==true
+            if(!library || !skipLibraries) {
+                if (txt.isNotEmpty())
+                    output("    ".repeat(depth) + txt(node))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fun walkAst(root: PtNode, act: (node: PtNode, depth: Int) -> Unit) {
+    fun recurse(node: PtNode, depth: Int) {
+        act(node, depth)
+        node.children.forEach { recurse(it, depth+1) }
+    }
+    recurse(root, 0)
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/ast/AstStatements.kt

@@ -3,52 +3,53 @@ package prog8.code.ast
 import prog8.code.core.*
 
 
+sealed interface IPtSubroutine {
+    val name: String
+}
+
 class PtAsmSub(
     name: String,
     val address: UInt?,
     val clobbers: Set<CpuRegister>,
-    val parameters: List<Pair<PtSubroutineParameter, RegisterOrStatusflag>>,
-    val retvalRegisters: List<RegisterOrStatusflag>,
+    val parameters: List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, PtSubroutineParameter>>,
+    val returns: List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, DataType>>,
     val inline: Boolean,
     position: Position
-) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$name  inline=$inline")
-    }
-}
+) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtSubroutine
 
 
 class PtSub(
     name: String,
     val parameters: List<PtSubroutineParameter>,
     val returntype: DataType?,
-    val inline: Boolean,
     position: Position
-) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print(name)
+) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtSubroutine {
+    init {
+        // params and return value should not be str
+        if(parameters.any{ it.type !in NumericDatatypes })
+            throw AssemblyError("non-numeric parameter")
+        if(returntype!=null && returntype !in NumericDatatypes)
+            throw AssemblyError("non-numeric returntype $returntype")
+        parameters.forEach { it.parent=this }
     }
 }
 
 
-class PtSubroutineParameter(val name: String, val type: DataType, position: Position): PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$type $name")
-    }
-}
+class PtSubroutineParameter(name: String, val type: DataType, position: Position): PtNamedNode(name, position)
 
 
-class PtAssignment(val augmentable: Boolean, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+sealed interface IPtAssignment {
+    val children: MutableList<PtNode>
     val target: PtAssignTarget
         get() = children[0] as PtAssignTarget
     val value: PtExpression
         get() = children[1] as PtExpression
-
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("aug=$augmentable")
-    }
 }
 
+class PtAssignment(position: Position) : PtNode(position), IPtAssignment
+
+class PtAugmentedAssign(val operator: String, position: Position) : PtNode(position), IPtAssignment
+
 
 class PtAssignTarget(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
     val identifier: PtIdentifier?
@@ -62,13 +63,13 @@ class PtAssignTarget(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
         get() {
             return when(val tgt = children.single()) {
                 is PtIdentifier -> tgt.type
-                is PtArrayIndexer -> tgt.type       // TODO array to elt type?
+                is PtArrayIndexer -> tgt.type
                 is PtMemoryByte -> tgt.type
-                else -> throw AssemblyError("weird dt")
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target $tgt")
             }
         }
 
-    override fun printProperties() {}
+    infix fun isSameAs(expression: PtExpression): Boolean = expression.isSameAs(this)
 }
 
 
@@ -77,10 +78,6 @@ class PtConditionalBranch(val condition: BranchCondition, position: Position) :
         get() = children[0] as PtNodeGroup
     val falseScope: PtNodeGroup
         get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
-
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print(condition)
-    }
 }
 
 
@@ -91,8 +88,6 @@ class PtForLoop(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
         get() = children[1] as PtExpression
     val statements: PtNodeGroup
         get() = children[2] as PtNodeGroup
-
-    override fun printProperties() {}
 }
 
 
@@ -103,8 +98,6 @@ class PtIfElse(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
         get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
     val elseScope: PtNodeGroup
         get() = children[2] as PtNodeGroup
-
-    override fun printProperties() {}
 }
 
 
@@ -112,10 +105,8 @@ class PtJump(val identifier: PtIdentifier?,
              val address: UInt?,
              val generatedLabel: String?,
              position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        identifier?.printProperties()
-        if(address!=null) print(address.toHex())
-        if(generatedLabel!=null) print(generatedLabel)
+    init {
+        identifier?.let {it.parent = this }
     }
 }
 
@@ -123,10 +114,6 @@ class PtJump(val identifier: PtIdentifier?,
 class PtPostIncrDecr(val operator: String, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
     val target: PtAssignTarget
         get() = children.single() as PtAssignTarget
-
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print(operator)
-    }
 }
 
 
@@ -135,8 +122,6 @@ class PtRepeatLoop(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
         get() = children[0] as PtExpression
     val statements: PtNodeGroup
         get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
-
-    override fun printProperties() {}
 }
 
 
@@ -149,30 +134,26 @@ class PtReturn(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
             else
                 null
         }
-
-    override fun printProperties() {}
 }
 
 
-class PtVariable(name: String, val type: DataType, var value: PtExpression?, var arraySize: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$type  $name")
+sealed interface IPtVariable {
+    val name: String
+    val type: DataType
+}
+
+
+class PtVariable(name: String, override val type: DataType, val zeropage: ZeropageWish, val value: PtExpression?, val arraySize: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtVariable {
+    init {
+        value?.let {it.parent=this}
     }
 }
 
 
-class PtConstant(name: String, val type: DataType, val value: Double, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$type $name = $value")
-    }
-}
+class PtConstant(name: String, override val type: DataType, val value: Double, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtVariable
 
 
-class PtMemMapped(name: String, val type: DataType, val address: UInt, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("&$type $name = ${address.toHex()}")
-    }
-}
+class PtMemMapped(name: String, override val type: DataType, val address: UInt, val arraySize: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtVariable
 
 
 class PtWhen(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
@@ -180,8 +161,6 @@ class PtWhen(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
         get() = children[0] as PtExpression
     val choices: PtNodeGroup
         get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
-
-    override fun printProperties() {}
 }
 
 
@@ -190,5 +169,4 @@ class PtWhenChoice(val isElse: Boolean, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
         get() = children[0] as PtNodeGroup
     val statements: PtNodeGroup
         get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
-    override fun printProperties() {}
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/BuiltinFunctions.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+package prog8.code.core
+
+class ReturnConvention(val dt: DataType?, val reg: RegisterOrPair?, val floatFac1: Boolean)
+class ParamConvention(val dt: DataType, val reg: RegisterOrPair?, val variable: Boolean)
+class CallConvention(val params: List<ParamConvention>, val returns: ReturnConvention) {
+    override fun toString(): String {
+        val paramConvs =  params.mapIndexed { index, it ->
+            when {
+                it.reg!=null -> "$index:${it.reg}"
+                it.variable -> "$index:variable"
+                else -> "$index:???"
+            }
+        }
+        val returnConv =
+            when {
+                returns.reg!=null -> returns.reg.toString()
+                returns.floatFac1 -> "floatFAC1"
+                else -> "<no returnvalue>"
+            }
+        return "CallConvention[" + paramConvs.joinToString() + " ; returns: $returnConv]"
+    }
+}
+
+class FParam(val name: String, val possibleDatatypes: Array<DataType>)
+
+class FSignature(val pure: Boolean,      // does it have side effects?
+                      val parameters: List<FParam>,
+                      val returnType: DataType?) {
+
+    fun callConvention(actualParamTypes: List<DataType>): CallConvention {
+        val returns: ReturnConvention = when (returnType) {
+            DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> ReturnConvention(returnType, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
+            DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> ReturnConvention(returnType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> ReturnConvention(returnType, null, true)
+            in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> ReturnConvention(returnType!!, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+            null -> ReturnConvention(null, null, false)
+            else -> {
+                // return type depends on arg type
+                when (val paramType = actualParamTypes.first()) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
+                    DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> ReturnConvention(paramType, null, true)
+                    in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    else -> ReturnConvention(paramType, null, false)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return when {
+            actualParamTypes.isEmpty() -> CallConvention(emptyList(), returns)
+            actualParamTypes.size==1 -> {
+                // one parameter goes via register/registerpair
+                val paramConv = when(val paramType = actualParamTypes[0]) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
+                    DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    else -> ParamConvention(paramType, null, false)
+                }
+                CallConvention(listOf(paramConv), returns)
+            }
+            else -> {
+                // multiple parameters go via variables
+                val paramConvs = actualParamTypes.map { ParamConvention(it, null, true) }
+                CallConvention(paramConvs, returns)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+val BuiltinFunctions: Map<String, FSignature> = mapOf(
+    // this set of function have no return value and operate in-place:
+    "rol"       to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "ror"       to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "rol2"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "ror2"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "sort"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("array", ArrayDatatypes)), null),
+    "reverse"   to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("array", ArrayDatatypes)), null),
+    // cmp returns a status in the carry flag, but not a proper return value
+    "cmp"       to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("value1", IntegerDatatypesNoBool), FParam("value2", NumericDatatypesNoBool)), null),
+    "prog8_lib_stringcompare"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("str1", arrayOf(DataType.STR)), FParam("str2", arrayOf(DataType.STR))), DataType.BYTE),
+    "abs"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", NumericDatatypesNoBool)), null),
+    "abs__byte"  to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE))), DataType.BYTE),
+    "abs__word"  to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.WORD))), DataType.WORD),
+    "abs__float" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT),
+    "len"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("values", IterableDatatypes)), DataType.UWORD),
+    // normal functions follow:
+    "sizeof"    to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("object", DataType.values())), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "sgn"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", NumericDatatypesNoBool)), DataType.BYTE),
+    "sqrt"        to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", NumericDatatypesNoBool)), null),
+    "sqrt__ubyte" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "sqrt__uword" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "sqrt__float" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.FLOAT))), DataType.FLOAT),
+    "divmod"           to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("number", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD)), FParam("divident", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD)), FParam("division", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD)), FParam("remainder", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "divmod__ubyte"    to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("number", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("divident", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("division", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("remainder", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), null),
+    "divmod__uword"    to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("number", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("divident", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("division", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("remainder", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "any"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "all"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "lsb"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "msb"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "mkword"    to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("msb", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("lsb", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UWORD),
+    "clamp"     to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE)), FParam("minimum", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE)), FParam("maximum", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE))), null),
+    "clamp__byte"  to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE)), FParam("minimum", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE)), FParam("maximum", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE))), DataType.BYTE),
+    "clamp__ubyte" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("minimum", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("maximum", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "clamp__word"  to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.WORD)), FParam("minimum", arrayOf(DataType.WORD)), FParam("maximum", arrayOf(DataType.WORD))), DataType.WORD),
+    "clamp__uword" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("minimum", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("maximum", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
+    "min"        to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("val1", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE)), FParam("val2", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE))), null),
+    "min__byte"  to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("val1", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE)), FParam("val2", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE))), DataType.BYTE),
+    "min__ubyte" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("val1", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("val2", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "min__word"  to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("val1", arrayOf(DataType.WORD)), FParam("val2", arrayOf(DataType.WORD))), DataType.WORD),
+    "min__uword" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("val1", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("val2", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
+    "max"        to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("val1", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE)), FParam("val2", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE))), null),
+    "max__byte"  to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("val1", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE)), FParam("val2", arrayOf(DataType.BYTE))), DataType.BYTE),
+    "max__ubyte" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("val1", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("val2", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "max__word"  to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("val1", arrayOf(DataType.WORD)), FParam("val2", arrayOf(DataType.WORD))), DataType.WORD),
+    "max__uword" to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("val1", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("val2", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
+    "peek"      to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "peekw"     to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
+    "poke"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), null),
+    "pokemon"   to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), null),
+    "pokew"     to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "pop"       to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("target", ByteDatatypes)), null),
+    "popw"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("target", WordDatatypes)), null),
+    "push"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("value", ByteDatatypes)), null),
+    "pushw"     to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("value", WordDatatypes)), null),
+    "rsave"     to FSignature(false, emptyList(), null),
+    "rsavex"    to FSignature(false, emptyList(), null),
+    "rrestore"  to FSignature(false, emptyList(), null),
+    "rrestorex" to FSignature(false, emptyList(), null),
+    "memory"    to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("name", arrayOf(DataType.STR)), FParam("size", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("alignment", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
+    "callfar"   to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("bank", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("arg", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
+)
+
+val InplaceModifyingBuiltinFunctions = setOf("rol", "ror", "rol2", "ror2", "sort", "reverse")

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/CompilationOptions.kt

@@ -16,9 +16,17 @@ class CompilationOptions(val output: OutputType,
                          var slowCodegenWarnings: Boolean = false,
                          var optimize: Boolean = false,
                          var optimizeFloatExpressions: Boolean = false,
-                         var dontReinitGlobals: Boolean = false,
                          var asmQuiet: Boolean = false,
                          var asmListfile: Boolean = false,
                          var experimentalCodegen: Boolean = false,
-                         var outputDir: Path = Path("")
-)
+                         var varsHigh: Boolean = false,
+                         var useNewExprCode: Boolean = false,
+                         var splitWordArrays: Boolean = false,
+                         var evalStackBaseAddress: UInt? = null,
+                         var outputDir: Path = Path(""),
+                         var symbolDefs: Map<String, String> = emptyMap()
+) {
+    init {
+        compTarget.machine.initializeMemoryAreas(this)
+    }
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/Conversions.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package prog8.code.core
+
+import kotlin.math.abs
+
+fun Number.toHex(): String {
+    //  0..15 -> "0".."15"
+    //  16..255 -> "$10".."$ff"
+    //  256..65536 -> "$0100".."$ffff"
+    // negative values are prefixed with '-'.
+    val integer = this.toInt()
+    if(integer<0)
+        return '-' + abs(integer).toHex()
+    return when (integer) {
+        in 0 until 16 -> integer.toString()
+        in 0 until 0x100 -> "$"+integer.toString(16).padStart(2,'0')
+        in 0 until 0x10000 -> "$"+integer.toString(16).padStart(4,'0')
+        else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("number too large for 16 bits $this")
+    }
+}
+
+fun UInt.toHex(): String {
+    //  0..15 -> "0".."15"
+    //  16..255 -> "$10".."$ff"
+    //  256..65536 -> "$0100".."$ffff"
+    return when (this) {
+        in 0u until 16u -> this.toString()
+        in 0u until 0x100u -> "$"+this.toString(16).padStart(2,'0')
+        in 0u until 0x10000u -> "$"+this.toString(16).padStart(4,'0')
+        else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("number too large for 16 bits $this")
+    }
+}
+
+fun Char.escape(): Char = this.toString().escape()[0]
+
+fun String.escape(): String {
+    val es = this.map {
+        when(it) {
+            '\t' -> "\\t"
+            '\n' -> "\\n"
+            '\r' -> "\\r"
+            '"' -> "\\\""
+            in '\u8000'..'\u80ff' -> "\\x" + (it.code - 0x8000).toString(16).padStart(2, '0')       // 'ugly' passthrough hack
+            in '\u0000'..'\u00ff' -> it.toString()
+            else -> "\\u" + it.code.toString(16).padStart(4, '0')
+        }
+    }
+    return es.joinToString("")
+}
+
+fun String.unescape(): String {
+    val result = mutableListOf<Char>()
+    val iter = this.iterator()
+    while(iter.hasNext()) {
+        val c = iter.nextChar()
+        if(c=='\\') {
+            val ec = iter.nextChar()
+            result.add(when(ec) {
+                '\\' -> '\\'
+                'n' -> '\n'
+                'r' -> '\r'
+                '"' -> '"'
+                '\'' -> '\''
+                'u' -> {
+                    try {
+                        "${iter.nextChar()}${iter.nextChar()}${iter.nextChar()}${iter.nextChar()}".toInt(16).toChar()
+                    } catch (sb: StringIndexOutOfBoundsException) {
+                        throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid \\u escape sequence")
+                    } catch (nf: NumberFormatException) {
+                        throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid \\u escape sequence")
+                    }
+                }
+                'x' -> {
+                    try {
+                        val hex = ("" + iter.nextChar() + iter.nextChar()).toInt(16)
+                        (0x8000 + hex).toChar()         // 'ugly' pass-through hack
+                    } catch (sb: StringIndexOutOfBoundsException) {
+                        throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid \\x escape sequence")
+                    } catch (nf: NumberFormatException) {
+                        throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid \\x escape sequence")
+                    }
+                }
+                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid escape char in string: \\$ec")
+            })
+        } else {
+            result.add(c)
+        }
+    }
+    return result.joinToString("")
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/Enumerations.kt

@@ -6,12 +6,16 @@ enum class DataType {
     UWORD,              // pass by value
     WORD,               // pass by value
     FLOAT,              // pass by value
+    BOOL,               // pass by value
     STR,                // pass by reference
     ARRAY_UB,           // pass by reference
     ARRAY_B,            // pass by reference
     ARRAY_UW,           // pass by reference
+    ARRAY_UW_SPLIT,     // pass by reference, lo/hi byte split
     ARRAY_W,            // pass by reference
+    ARRAY_W_SPLIT,      // pass by reference, lo/hi byte split
     ARRAY_F,            // pass by reference
+    ARRAY_BOOL,         // pass by reference
     UNDEFINED;
 
     /**
@@ -19,11 +23,12 @@ enum class DataType {
      */
     infix fun isAssignableTo(targetType: DataType) =
         when(this) {
-            UBYTE -> targetType.oneOf(UBYTE, WORD, UWORD, FLOAT)
+            BOOL -> targetType.oneOf(BOOL, BYTE, UBYTE, WORD, UWORD, FLOAT)
+            UBYTE -> targetType.oneOf(UBYTE, WORD, UWORD, FLOAT, BOOL)
             BYTE -> targetType.oneOf(BYTE, WORD, FLOAT)
             UWORD -> targetType.oneOf(UWORD, FLOAT)
             WORD -> targetType.oneOf(WORD, FLOAT)
-            FLOAT -> targetType == FLOAT
+            FLOAT -> targetType.oneOf(FLOAT)
             STR -> targetType.oneOf(STR, UWORD)
             in ArrayDatatypes -> targetType == this
             else -> false
@@ -53,13 +58,7 @@ enum class DataType {
 enum class CpuRegister {
     A,
     X,
-    Y;
-
-    fun asRegisterOrPair(): RegisterOrPair = when(this) {
-        A -> RegisterOrPair.A
-        X -> RegisterOrPair.X
-        Y -> RegisterOrPair.Y
-    }
+    Y
 }
 
 enum class RegisterOrPair {
@@ -102,31 +101,35 @@ enum class Statusflag {
 enum class BranchCondition {
     CS,
     CC,
-    EQ,
+    EQ,     // EQ == Z
     Z,
-    NE,
+    NE,     // NE == NZ
     NZ,
+    MI,     // MI == NEG
+    NEG,
+    PL,     // PL == POS
+    POS,
     VS,
     VC,
-    MI,
-    NEG,
-    PL,
-    POS
 }
 
 
-val ByteDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE)
+val ByteDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE, DataType.BOOL)
 val WordDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD)
-val IntegerDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE, DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD)
-val NumericDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE, DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD, DataType.FLOAT)
+val IntegerDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE, DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD, DataType.BOOL)
+val IntegerDatatypesNoBool = arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE, DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD)
+val NumericDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE, DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD, DataType.FLOAT, DataType.BOOL)
+val NumericDatatypesNoBool = arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE, DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD, DataType.FLOAT)
 val SignedDatatypes =  arrayOf(DataType.BYTE, DataType.WORD, DataType.FLOAT)
-val ArrayDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W, DataType.ARRAY_F)
+val ArrayDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_UW_SPLIT, DataType.ARRAY_W, DataType.ARRAY_W_SPLIT, DataType.ARRAY_F, DataType.ARRAY_BOOL)
 val StringlyDatatypes = arrayOf(DataType.STR, DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.UWORD)
+val SplitWordArrayTypes = arrayOf(DataType.ARRAY_UW_SPLIT, DataType.ARRAY_W_SPLIT)
 val IterableDatatypes = arrayOf(
     DataType.STR,
     DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B,
     DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W,
-    DataType.ARRAY_F
+    DataType.ARRAY_UW_SPLIT, DataType.ARRAY_W_SPLIT,
+    DataType.ARRAY_F, DataType.ARRAY_BOOL
 )
 val PassByValueDatatypes = NumericDatatypes
 val PassByReferenceDatatypes = IterableDatatypes
@@ -136,14 +139,18 @@ val ArrayToElementTypes = mapOf(
     DataType.ARRAY_UB to DataType.UBYTE,
     DataType.ARRAY_W to DataType.WORD,
     DataType.ARRAY_UW to DataType.UWORD,
-    DataType.ARRAY_F to DataType.FLOAT
+    DataType.ARRAY_W_SPLIT to DataType.WORD,
+    DataType.ARRAY_UW_SPLIT to DataType.UWORD,
+    DataType.ARRAY_F to DataType.FLOAT,
+    DataType.ARRAY_BOOL to DataType.BOOL
 )
 val ElementToArrayTypes = mapOf(
     DataType.BYTE to DataType.ARRAY_B,
     DataType.UBYTE to DataType.ARRAY_UB,
     DataType.WORD to DataType.ARRAY_W,
     DataType.UWORD to DataType.ARRAY_UW,
-    DataType.FLOAT to DataType.ARRAY_F
+    DataType.FLOAT to DataType.ARRAY_F,
+    DataType.BOOL to DataType.ARRAY_BOOL
 )
 val Cx16VirtualRegisters = arrayOf(
     RegisterOrPair.R0, RegisterOrPair.R1, RegisterOrPair.R2, RegisterOrPair.R3,

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/IAssemblyGenerator.kt

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.core
-
-interface IAssemblyGenerator {
-    fun compileToAssembly(): IAssemblyProgram?
-}
-
-interface IAssemblyProgram {
-    val name: String
-    fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions): Boolean
-}
-
-fun viceMonListName(baseFilename: String) = "$baseFilename.vice-mon-list"

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/ICodeGeneratorBackend.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package prog8.code.core
+
+import prog8.code.SymbolTable
+import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
+
+interface ICodeGeneratorBackend {
+    fun generate(program: PtProgram,
+                 symbolTable: SymbolTable,
+                 options: CompilationOptions,
+                 errors: IErrorReporter): IAssemblyProgram?
+}
+
+
+interface IAssemblyProgram {
+    val name: String
+    fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions, errors: IErrorReporter): Boolean
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/ICompilationTarget.kt

@@ -7,5 +7,5 @@ interface ICompilationTarget: IStringEncoding, IMemSizer {
     val defaultEncoding: Encoding
 
     override fun encodeString(str: String, encoding: Encoding): List<UByte>
-    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: Iterable<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/IMachineDefinition.kt

@@ -3,11 +3,6 @@ package prog8.code.core
 import java.nio.file.Path
 
 
-interface IMachineFloat {
-    fun toDouble(): Double
-    fun makeFloatFillAsm(): String
-}
-
 enum class CpuType {
     CPU6502,
     CPU65c02,
@@ -18,18 +13,27 @@ interface IMachineDefinition {
     val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE: Double
     val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE: Double
     val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE: Int
-    val ESTACK_LO: UInt
-    val ESTACK_HI: UInt
+    var ESTACK_LO: UInt
+    var ESTACK_HI: UInt
     val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS : UInt
+    val BSSHIGHRAM_START: UInt
+    val BSSHIGHRAM_END: UInt
 
-    val opcodeNames: Set<String>
-    var zeropage: Zeropage
     val cpu: CpuType
+    var zeropage: Zeropage
+    var golden: GoldenRam
 
-    fun initializeZeropage(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions)
-    fun getFloat(num: Number): IMachineFloat
+    fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions)
+    fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number): String
 
     fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, compilationTargetName: String): List<String>
     fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path)
     fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean
+    fun overrideEvalStack(evalStackBaseAddress: UInt) {
+        require(evalStackBaseAddress and 255u == 0u)
+        ESTACK_LO = evalStackBaseAddress
+        ESTACK_HI = evalStackBaseAddress + 256u
+        require(ESTACK_LO !in golden.region && ESTACK_HI !in golden.region) { "user-set ESTACK can't be in GOLDEN ram" }
+    }
+
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/IStringEncoding.kt

@@ -10,5 +10,5 @@ enum class Encoding(val prefix: String) {
 
 interface IStringEncoding {
     fun encodeString(str: String, encoding: Encoding): List<UByte>
-    fun decodeString(bytes: List<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String
+    fun decodeString(bytes: Iterable<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/MemoryRegions.kt

@@ -5,21 +5,31 @@ import com.github.michaelbull.result.Ok
 import com.github.michaelbull.result.Result
 
 
-class ZeropageAllocationError(message: String) : Exception(message)
+class MemAllocationError(message: String) : Exception(message)
 
 
-abstract class Zeropage(protected val options: CompilationOptions) {
+abstract class MemoryAllocator(protected val options: CompilationOptions) {
+    data class VarAllocation(val address: UInt, val dt: DataType, val size: Int)
+
+    abstract fun allocate(name: String,
+                          datatype: DataType,
+                          numElements: Int?,
+                          position: Position?,
+                          errors: IErrorReporter): Result<VarAllocation, MemAllocationError>
+}
+
+
+abstract class Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions): MemoryAllocator(options) {
 
     abstract val SCRATCH_B1 : UInt      // temp storage for a single byte
     abstract val SCRATCH_REG : UInt     // temp storage for a register, must be B1+1
     abstract val SCRATCH_W1 : UInt      // temp storage 1 for a word  $fb+$fc
     abstract val SCRATCH_W2 : UInt      // temp storage 2 for a word  $fb+$fc
 
-    data class ZpAllocation(val address: UInt, val dt: DataType, val size: Int)
 
     // the variables allocated into Zeropage.
     // name (scoped) ==> pair of address to (Datatype + bytesize)
-    val allocatedVariables = mutableMapOf<List<String>, ZpAllocation>()
+    val allocatedVariables = mutableMapOf<String, VarAllocation>()
 
     val free = mutableListOf<UInt>()     // subclasses must set this to the appropriate free locations.
 
@@ -41,17 +51,16 @@ abstract class Zeropage(protected val options: CompilationOptions) {
         return free.windowed(2).any { it[0] == it[1] - 1u }
     }
 
-    fun allocate(name: List<String>,
-                 datatype: DataType,
-                 numElements: Int?,
-                 position: Position?,
-                 errors: IErrorReporter
-    ): Result<Pair<UInt, Int>, ZeropageAllocationError> {
+    override fun allocate(name: String,
+                          datatype: DataType,
+                          numElements: Int?,
+                          position: Position?,
+                          errors: IErrorReporter): Result<VarAllocation, MemAllocationError> {
 
         require(name.isEmpty() || name !in allocatedVariables) {"name can't be allocated twice"}
 
         if(options.zeropage== ZeropageType.DONTUSE)
-            return Err(ZeropageAllocationError("zero page usage has been disabled"))
+            return Err(MemAllocationError("zero page usage has been disabled"))
 
         val size: Int =
                 when (datatype) {
@@ -72,9 +81,9 @@ abstract class Zeropage(protected val options: CompilationOptions) {
                             else
                                 errors.warn("$name: allocating a large value in zeropage; float $memsize bytes", Position.DUMMY)
                             memsize
-                        } else return Err(ZeropageAllocationError("floating point option not enabled"))
+                        } else return Err(MemAllocationError("floating point option not enabled"))
                     }
-                    else -> return Err(ZeropageAllocationError("cannot put datatype $datatype in zeropage"))
+                    else -> throw MemAllocationError("weird dt")
                 }
 
         synchronized(this) {
@@ -82,30 +91,30 @@ abstract class Zeropage(protected val options: CompilationOptions) {
                 if(size==1) {
                     for(candidate in free.minOrNull()!! .. free.maxOrNull()!!+1u) {
                         if(oneSeparateByteFree(candidate))
-                            return Ok(Pair(makeAllocation(candidate, 1, datatype, name), 1))
+                            return Ok(VarAllocation(makeAllocation(candidate, 1, datatype, name), datatype,1))
                     }
-                    return Ok(Pair(makeAllocation(free[0], 1, datatype, name), 1))
+                    return Ok(VarAllocation(makeAllocation(free[0], 1, datatype, name), datatype,1))
                 }
                 for(candidate in free.minOrNull()!! .. free.maxOrNull()!!+1u) {
                     if (sequentialFree(candidate, size))
-                        return Ok(Pair(makeAllocation(candidate, size, datatype, name), size))
+                        return Ok(VarAllocation(makeAllocation(candidate, size, datatype, name), datatype, size))
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        return Err(ZeropageAllocationError("no more free space in ZP to allocate $size sequential bytes"))
+        return Err(MemAllocationError("no more free space in ZP to allocate $size sequential bytes"))
     }
 
     private fun reserve(range: UIntRange) = free.removeAll(range)
 
-    private fun makeAllocation(address: UInt, size: Int, datatype: DataType, name: List<String>): UInt {
+    private fun makeAllocation(address: UInt, size: Int, datatype: DataType, name: String): UInt {
         require(size>=0)
         free.removeAll(address until address+size.toUInt())
         if(name.isNotEmpty()) {
             allocatedVariables[name] = when(datatype) {
-                in NumericDatatypes -> ZpAllocation(address, datatype, size)        // numerical variables in zeropage never have an initial value here because they are set in separate initializer assignments
-                DataType.STR -> ZpAllocation(address, datatype, size)
-                in ArrayDatatypes -> ZpAllocation(address, datatype, size)
+                in NumericDatatypes -> VarAllocation(address, datatype, size)        // numerical variables in zeropage never have an initial value here because they are set in separate initializer assignments
+                DataType.STR -> VarAllocation(address, datatype, size)
+                in ArrayDatatypes -> VarAllocation(address, datatype, size)
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid dt")
             }
         }
@@ -117,4 +126,41 @@ abstract class Zeropage(protected val options: CompilationOptions) {
         require(size>0)
         return free.containsAll((address until address+size.toUInt()).toList())
     }
+
+    abstract fun allocateCx16VirtualRegisters()
 }
+
+
+// TODO: this class is not yet used
+class GoldenRam(options: CompilationOptions, val region: UIntRange): MemoryAllocator(options) {
+    private var nextLocation: UInt = region.first
+
+    override fun allocate(
+        name: String,
+        datatype: DataType,
+        numElements: Int?,
+        position: Position?,
+        errors: IErrorReporter): Result<VarAllocation, MemAllocationError> {
+
+        val size: Int =
+            when (datatype) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> options.compTarget.memorySize(datatype)
+                DataType.STR, in ArrayDatatypes  -> {
+                    options.compTarget.memorySize(datatype, numElements!!)
+                }
+                DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                    if (options.floats) {
+                        options.compTarget.memorySize(DataType.FLOAT)
+                    } else return Err(MemAllocationError("floating point option not enabled"))
+                }
+                else -> throw MemAllocationError("weird dt")
+            }
+
+        return if(nextLocation<=region.last && (region.last + 1u - nextLocation) >= size.toUInt()) {
+            val result = Ok(VarAllocation(nextLocation, datatype, size))
+            nextLocation += size.toUInt()
+            result
+        } else
+            Err(MemAllocationError("no more free space in Golden RAM to allocate $size sequential bytes"))
+    }
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/Operators.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package prog8.code.core
+
+val AssociativeOperators = setOf("+", "*", "&", "|", "^", "==", "!=")
+val ComparisonOperators = setOf("==", "!=", "<", ">", "<=", ">=")
+val LogicalOperators = setOf("and", "or", "xor", "not")
+val AugmentAssignmentOperators = setOf("+", "-", "/", "*", "&", "|", "^", "<<", ">>", "%", "and", "or", "xor")
+val BitwiseOperators = setOf("&", "|", "^", "~")
+val PrefixOperators = setOf("+", "-", "~", "not")
+// val InvalidOperatorsForBoolean = setOf("+", "-", "*", "/", "%", "<<", ">>") + BitwiseOperators
+
+fun invertedComparisonOperator(operator: String) =
+    when (operator) {
+        "==" -> "!="
+        "!=" -> "=="
+        "<" -> ">="
+        ">" -> "<="
+        "<=" -> ">"
+        ">=" -> "<"
+        else -> null
+    }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/Position.kt

@@ -1,16 +1,27 @@
 package prog8.code.core
 
+import prog8.code.core.SourceCode.Companion.libraryFilePrefix
+import java.nio.file.InvalidPathException
 import kotlin.io.path.Path
 import kotlin.io.path.absolute
 
 data class Position(val file: String, val line: Int, val startCol: Int, val endCol: Int) {
     override fun toString(): String = "[$file: line $line col ${startCol+1}-${endCol+1}]"
     fun toClickableStr(): String {
-        val path = Path(file).absolute().normalize()
-        return "file://$path:$line:$startCol:"
+        if(this===DUMMY)
+            return ""
+        if(file.startsWith(libraryFilePrefix))
+            return "$file:$line:$startCol:"
+        return try {
+            val path = Path(file).absolute().normalize().toString()
+            "file://$path:$line:$startCol:"
+        } catch(x: InvalidPathException) {
+            // this can occur on Windows when the source origin contains "invalid" characters such as ':'
+            "file://$file:$line:$startCol:"
+        }
     }
 
     companion object {
-        val DUMMY = Position("<dummy>", 0, 0, 0)
+        val DUMMY = Position("~dummy~", 0, 0, 0)
     }
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/SourceCode.kt

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ sealed class SourceCode {
      * Where this [SourceCode] instance came from.
      * This can be one of the following:
      * * a normal string representation of a [java.nio.file.Path], if it originates from a file (see [File])
-     * * `$stringSourcePrefix44c56085>` if was created via [String]
+     * * `string:44c56085` if was created via [String]
      * * `library:/x/y/z.ext` if it is a library file that was loaded from resources (see [Resource])
      */
     abstract val origin: String
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ sealed class SourceCode {
          * filename prefix to designate library files that will be retreived from internal resources rather than disk
          */
         const val libraryFilePrefix = "library:"
-        const val stringSourcePrefix = "<String@"
+        const val stringSourcePrefix = "string:"
         val curdir: Path = Path(".").toAbsolutePath()
         fun relative(path: Path): Path = curdir.relativize(path.toAbsolutePath())
         fun isRegularFilesystemPath(pathString: String) =
@@ -64,12 +64,12 @@ sealed class SourceCode {
 
     /**
      * Turn a plain String into a [SourceCode] object.
-     * [origin] will be something like `$stringSourcePrefix44c56085>`.
+     * [origin] will be something like `string:44c56085`.
      */
     class Text(override val text: String): SourceCode() {
         override val isFromResources = false
         override val isFromFilesystem = false
-        override val origin = "$stringSourcePrefix${System.identityHashCode(text).toString(16)}>"
+        override val origin = "$stringSourcePrefix${System.identityHashCode(text).toString(16)}"
         override val name = "<unnamed-text>"
     }
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ sealed class SourceCode {
      * [origin]: `library:/x/y/z.p8` for a given `pathString` of "x/y/z.p8"
      */
     class Resource(pathString: String): SourceCode() {
-        private val normalized = "/" + Path.of(pathString).normalize().toMutableList().joinToString("/")
+        private val normalized = "/" + Path(pathString).normalize().toMutableList().joinToString("/")
 
         override val isFromResources = true
         override val isFromFilesystem = false
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ sealed class SourceCode {
             }
             val stream = object {}.javaClass.getResourceAsStream(normalized)
             text = stream!!.reader().use { it.readText() }
-            name = Path.of(pathString).toFile().nameWithoutExtension
+            name = Path(pathString).toFile().nameWithoutExtension
         }
     }
 

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/ToHex.kt

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.core
-
-import kotlin.math.abs
-
-fun Number.toHex(): String {
-    //  0..15 -> "0".."15"
-    //  16..255 -> "$10".."$ff"
-    //  256..65536 -> "$0100".."$ffff"
-    // negative values are prefixed with '-'.
-    val integer = this.toInt()
-    if(integer<0)
-        return '-' + abs(integer).toHex()
-    return when (integer) {
-        in 0 until 16 -> integer.toString()
-        in 0 until 0x100 -> "$"+integer.toString(16).padStart(2,'0')
-        in 0 until 0x10000 -> "$"+integer.toString(16).padStart(4,'0')
-        else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("number too large for 16 bits $this")
-    }
-}
-
-fun UInt.toHex(): String {
-    //  0..15 -> "0".."15"
-    //  16..255 -> "$10".."$ff"
-    //  256..65536 -> "$0100".."$ffff"
-    return when (this) {
-        in 0u until 16u -> this.toString()
-        in 0u until 0x100u -> "$"+this.toString(16).padStart(2,'0')
-        in 0u until 0x10000u -> "$"+this.toString(16).padStart(4,'0')
-        else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("number too large for 16 bits $this")
-    }
-}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/C64Target.kt

@@ -16,5 +16,7 @@ class C64Target: ICompilationTarget, IStringEncoding by Encoder, IMemSizer by Cb
 
     companion object {
         const val NAME = "c64"
+
+        fun viceMonListName(baseFilename: String) = "$baseFilename.vice-mon-list"
     }
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/Encoder.kt

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ object Encoder: IStringEncoding {
             success = { it }
         )
     }
-    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String {
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: Iterable<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String {
         val decoded = when(encoding) {
             Encoding.PETSCII -> PetsciiEncoding.decodePetscii(bytes, true)
             Encoding.SCREENCODES -> PetsciiEncoding.decodeScreencode(bytes, true)

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/atari/AtariMachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package prog8.code.target.atari
 
 import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.code.target.c64.normal6502instructions
 import java.nio.file.Path
 
 
@@ -14,13 +13,17 @@ class AtariMachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
     override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = 6
     override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x2000u
 
-    // the 2*256 byte evaluation stack (on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
-    override val ESTACK_LO = 0x1a00u     //  $1a00-$1aff inclusive      // TODO
-    override val ESTACK_HI = 0x1b00u     //  $1b00-$1bff inclusive      // TODO
+    // the 2*128 byte evaluation stack (1 page, on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
+    override var ESTACK_LO = 0x1b00u     //  $1b00-$1b7f inclusive      // TODO
+    override var ESTACK_HI = 0x1b80u     //  $1b80-$1bff inclusive      // TODO
+
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0u    // TODO
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0u      // TODO
 
     override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
+    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam
 
-    override fun getFloat(num: Number) = TODO("float from number")
+    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = TODO("atari float asm bytes from number")
 
     override fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, compilationTargetName: String): List<String> {
         return if (compilerOptions.output == OutputType.XEX)
@@ -57,9 +60,8 @@ class AtariMachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
     override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address==0u || address==1u || address in 0xd000u..0xdfffu        // TODO
 
-    override fun initializeZeropage(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
         zeropage = AtariZeropage(compilerOptions)
+        golden = GoldenRam(compilerOptions, UIntRange.EMPTY)
     }
-
-    override val opcodeNames = normal6502instructions
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/atari/AtariZeropage.kt

@@ -12,8 +12,11 @@ class AtariZeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
     override val SCRATCH_W1 = 0xcdu      // temp storage 1 for a word  $cd+$ce
     override val SCRATCH_W2 = 0xcfu      // temp storage 2 for a word  $cf+$d0        TODO is $d0 okay to use?
 
-
     init {
+        if (options.floats) {
+            throw InternalCompilerException("Atari target doesn't yet support floating point routines")
+        }
+
         if (options.floats && options.zeropage !in arrayOf(
                 ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE,
                 ZeropageType.BASICSAFE,
@@ -40,6 +43,14 @@ class AtariZeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
             }
         }
 
+        val distinctFree = free.distinct()
+        free.clear()
+        free.addAll(distinctFree)
+
         removeReservedFromFreePool()
     }
+
+    override fun allocateCx16VirtualRegisters() {
+        TODO("Not known if atari can put the virtual regs in ZP")
+    }
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/c128/C128MachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package prog8.code.target.c128
 
 import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.code.target.c64.normal6502instructions
+import prog8.code.target.C64Target
 import prog8.code.target.cbm.Mflpt5
 import java.nio.file.Path
 
@@ -15,13 +15,17 @@ class C128MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
     override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
     override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x1c01u
 
-    // the 2*256 byte evaluation stack (on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
-    override val ESTACK_LO = 0x1a00u     //  $1a00-$1aff inclusive
-    override val ESTACK_HI = 0x1b00u     //  $1b00-$1bff inclusive
+    // the 2*128 byte evaluation stack (1 page, on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
+    override var ESTACK_LO = 0x1b00u     //  $1b00-$1b7f inclusive
+    override var ESTACK_HI = 0x1b80u     //  $1b80-$1bff inclusive
+
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0u    // TODO
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0u      // TODO
 
     override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
+    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam
 
-    override fun getFloat(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num)
+    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num).makeFloatFillAsm()
 
     override fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, compilationTargetName: String): List<String> {
         return if (compilerOptions.launcher == CbmPrgLauncherType.BASIC || compilerOptions.output == OutputType.PRG)
@@ -37,7 +41,7 @@ class C128MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
         }
 
         println("\nStarting C-128 emulator x128...")
-        val viceMonlist = viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString())
+        val viceMonlist = C64Target.viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString())
         val cmdline = listOf("x128", "-silent", "-moncommands", viceMonlist,
                 "-autostartprgmode", "1", "-autostart-warp", "-autostart", "${programNameWithPath}.prg")
         val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline).inheritIO()
@@ -47,9 +51,8 @@ class C128MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
     override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address==0u || address==1u || address in 0xd000u..0xdfffu
 
-    override fun initializeZeropage(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
         zeropage = C128Zeropage(compilerOptions)
+        golden = GoldenRam(compilerOptions, UIntRange.EMPTY)    // TODO does the c128 have some of this somewhere?
     }
-
-    override val opcodeNames = normal6502instructions
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/c128/C128Zeropage.kt

@@ -6,15 +6,22 @@ import prog8.code.core.Zeropage
 import prog8.code.core.ZeropageType
 
 
+// reference: "Mapping the C128" zero page chapter.
+
 class C128Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
 
-    override val SCRATCH_B1 = 0x9bu      // temp storage for a single byte
-    override val SCRATCH_REG = 0x9cu     // temp storage for a register, must be B1+1
+    override val SCRATCH_B1 = 0x74u      // temp storage for a single byte
+    override val SCRATCH_REG = 0x75u     // temp storage for a register, must be B1+1
     override val SCRATCH_W1 = 0xfbu      // temp storage 1 for a word  $fb+$fc
     override val SCRATCH_W2 = 0xfdu      // temp storage 2 for a word  $fd+$fe
 
-
     init {
+        if (options.floats) {
+            throw InternalCompilerException("C128 target doesn't yet support floating point routines")
+            // note: in git commit labeled 'c128: remove floats module' the floats.p8 and floats.asm files are removed,
+            //       they could be retrieved again at a later time if the compiler somehow *does* store the fp variables in bank1.
+        }
+
         if (options.floats && options.zeropage !in arrayOf(
                 ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE,
                 ZeropageType.BASICSAFE,
@@ -24,20 +31,47 @@ class C128Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
 
         when (options.zeropage) {
             ZeropageType.FULL -> {
-                // TODO all c128 usable zero page locations, except the ones used by the system's IRQ routine
-                free.addAll(0x0au..0xffu)       // TODO c128 what about $02-$09?
-                // TODO c128  free.removeAll(setOf(0xa0u, 0xa1u, 0xa2u, 0x91u, 0xc0u, 0xc5u, 0xcbu, 0xf5u, 0xf6u))        // these are updated by IRQ
+                // $00/$01 are data port IO registers, // $02-$09 are storage locations for JSRFAR and such
+                free.addAll(0x0au..0xffu)
+                free.removeAll(listOf(0x90u, 0x91u, 0xa0u, 0xa1u, 0xa2u, 0xc0u, 0xccu, 0xcdu, 0xd0u, 0xd1u, 0xd2u, 0xd3u, 0xd4u, 0xd5u, 0xf7u))        // these are updated/used by IRQ
+            }
+            ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE -> {
+                free.addAll(0x0au..0x8fu)       // BASIC variables
+                free.addAll(listOf(0x92u, 0x96u, 0x9bu, 0x9cu, 0x9eu, 0x9fu, 0xa4u, 0xa7u, 0xa8u, 0xa9u, 0xaau, 0xabu,
+                    0xb0u, 0xb1u, 0xb4u, 0xb5u, 0xb6u))
             }
-            ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE,
             ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE,
             ZeropageType.BASICSAFE -> {
-                free.clear()   // TODO c128 usable zero page addresses
+                free.addAll(listOf(0x0bu, 0x0cu, 0x0du, 0x0eu, 0x0fu, 0x10u, 0x11u, 0x12u, 0x16u, 0x17u, 0x18u, 0x19u, 0x1au))
+                free.addAll(0x1bu..0x23u)
+                free.addAll(listOf(0x3fu, 0x40u, 0x41u, 0x42u, 0x43u, 0x44u, 0x47u, 0x48u, 0x49u, 0x4au, 0x4bu, 0x4cu, 0x4fu,
+                    0x55u, 0x56u, 0x57u, 0x58u,
+                    0x74u, 0x75u, 0x78u, 0x80u, 0x83u, 0x87u, 0x88u, 0x89u, 0x8au, 0x8bu, 0x8cu, 0x8du, 0x8eu, 0x8fu,
+                    0x92u, 0x96u, 0x9bu, 0x9cu, 0x9eu, 0x9fu, 0xa4u, 0xa7u, 0xa8u, 0xa9u, 0xaau, 0xabu,
+                    0xb0u, 0xb1u, 0xb4u, 0xb5u, 0xb6u
+                ))
+
+                // if(options.zeropage==ZeropageType.BASICSAFE) {
+                    // can also clobber the FP locations (unconditionally, because the C128 target doesn't support floating point calculations in prog8 at this time0
+                    free.addAll(listOf(0x14u, 0x28u, 0x29u, 0x2au, 0x2bu, 0x2cu,
+                        0x50u, 0x51u, 0x52u, 0x53u, 0x54u, 0x59u, 0x5au, 0x5bu, 0x5cu, 0x5du, 0x5eu, 0x5fu, 0x60u, 0x61u, 0x62u,
+                        0x63u, 0x64u, 0x65u, 0x66u, 0x67u, 0x68u,
+                        0x6au, 0x6bu, 0x6cu, 0x6du, 0x6eu, 0x6fu, 0x71u))
+                // }
             }
             ZeropageType.DONTUSE -> {
                 free.clear()  // don't use zeropage at all
             }
         }
 
+        val distinctFree = free.distinct()
+        free.clear()
+        free.addAll(distinctFree)
+
         removeReservedFromFreePool()
     }
+
+    override fun allocateCx16VirtualRegisters() {
+        TODO("Not known if C128 can put the virtual regs in ZP")
+    }
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/c64/C64MachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package prog8.code.target.c64
 
 import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.C64Target
 import prog8.code.target.cbm.Mflpt5
 import java.io.IOException
 import java.nio.file.Path
@@ -15,13 +16,17 @@ class C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
     override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
     override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x0801u
 
-    // the 2*256 byte evaluation stack (on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
-    override val ESTACK_LO = 0xce00u     //  $ce00-$ceff inclusive
-    override val ESTACK_HI = 0xcf00u     //  $ce00-$ceff inclusive
+    // the 2*128 byte evaluation stack (1 page, on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
+    override var ESTACK_LO = 0xcf00u     //  $cf00-$cf7f inclusive
+    override var ESTACK_HI = 0xcf80u     //  $cf80-$cfff inclusive
+
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0xc000u
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = ESTACK_LO
 
     override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
+    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam
 
-    override fun getFloat(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num)
+    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num).makeFloatFillAsm()
 
     override fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, compilationTargetName: String): List<String> {
         return if (compilerOptions.launcher == CbmPrgLauncherType.BASIC || compilerOptions.output == OutputType.PRG)
@@ -38,7 +43,7 @@ class C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
         for(emulator in listOf("x64sc", "x64")) {
             println("\nStarting C-64 emulator $emulator...")
-            val viceMonlist = viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString())
+            val viceMonlist = C64Target.viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString())
             val cmdline = listOf(emulator, "-silent", "-moncommands", viceMonlist,
                     "-autostartprgmode", "1", "-autostart-warp", "-autostart", "${programNameWithPath}.prg")
             val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline).inheritIO()
@@ -55,22 +60,9 @@ class C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
     override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address==0u || address==1u || address in 0xd000u..0xdfffu
 
-    override fun initializeZeropage(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
         zeropage = C64Zeropage(compilerOptions)
+        golden = GoldenRam(compilerOptions, 0xc000u until ESTACK_LO)
     }
 
-    override val opcodeNames = normal6502instructions
 }
-
-
-// 6502 opcodes (including aliases and illegal opcodes), these cannot be used as variable or label names
-internal val normal6502instructions = setOf(
-    "adc", "ahx", "alr", "anc", "and", "ane", "arr", "asl", "asr", "axs", "bcc", "bcs",
-    "beq", "bge", "bit", "blt", "bmi", "bne", "bpl", "brk", "bvc", "bvs", "clc",
-    "cld", "cli", "clv", "cmp", "cpx", "cpy", "dcm", "dcp", "dec", "dex", "dey",
-    "eor", "gcc", "gcs", "geq", "gge", "glt", "gmi", "gne", "gpl", "gvc", "gvs",
-    "inc", "ins", "inx", "iny", "isb", "isc", "jam", "jmp", "jsr", "lae", "las",
-    "lax", "lda", "lds", "ldx", "ldy", "lsr", "lxa", "nop", "ora", "pha", "php",
-    "pla", "plp", "rla", "rol", "ror", "rra", "rti", "rts", "sax", "sbc", "sbx",
-    "sec", "sed", "sei", "sha", "shl", "shr", "shs", "shx", "shy", "slo", "sre",
-    "sta", "stx", "sty", "tas", "tax", "tay", "tsx", "txa", "txs", "tya", "xaa")

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/c64/C64Zeropage.kt

@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 package prog8.code.target.c64
 
-import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.code.core.InternalCompilerException
-import prog8.code.core.Zeropage
-import prog8.code.core.ZeropageType
+import prog8.code.core.*
 
 
 class C64Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
@@ -29,10 +26,9 @@ class C64Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
         } else {
             if (options.zeropage == ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE || options.zeropage == ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE) {
                 free.addAll(listOf(
-                        0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11,
-                        0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a,
-                        0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x20, 0x21,
-                        0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25,
+                        0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+                        0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
+                        0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25,
                         0x39, 0x3a, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x3f, 0x40, 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46,
                         0x47, 0x48, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x4d, 0x4e, 0x4f, 0x51, 0x52, 0x53,
                         0x57, 0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0x5f, 0x60,
@@ -48,8 +44,8 @@ class C64Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
             if (options.zeropage == ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE) {
                 // remove the zeropage locations used for floating point operations from the free list
                 free.removeAll(listOf(
-                        0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25,
-                        0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x26, 0x27, 0x28, 0x29, 0x2a,
+                        0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12,
+                        0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27, 0x28, 0x29, 0x2a,
                         0x57, 0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0x5f, 0x60,
                         0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68,
                         0x69, 0x6a, 0x6b, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x6f, 0x70, 0x71, 0x72,
@@ -60,7 +56,7 @@ class C64Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
             if(options.zeropage!= ZeropageType.DONTUSE) {
                 // add the free Zp addresses
                 // these are valid for the C-64 but allow BASIC to keep running fully *as long as you don't use tape I/O*
-                free.addAll(listOf(0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x0a, 0x0e,
+                free.addAll(listOf(0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x0a, 0x0e,
                         0x92, 0x96, 0x9b, 0x9c, 0x9e, 0x9f, 0xa5, 0xa6,
                         0xb0, 0xb1, 0xbe, 0xbf, 0xf9).map{it.toUInt()})
             } else {
@@ -69,6 +65,32 @@ class C64Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
             }
         }
 
+        val distinctFree = free.distinct()
+        free.clear()
+        free.addAll(distinctFree)
+
         removeReservedFromFreePool()
+
+        if(options.zeropage==ZeropageType.FULL || options.zeropage==ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE) {
+            // in these cases there is enough space on the zero page to stick the cx16 virtual registers in there as well.
+            allocateCx16VirtualRegisters()
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun allocateCx16VirtualRegisters() {
+        // Note: the 16 virtual registers R0-R15 are not regular allocated variables, they're *memory mapped* elsewhere to fixed addresses.
+        // However, to be able for the compiler to "see" them as zero page variables, we have to register them here as well.
+        // This is important because the compiler sometimes treats ZP variables more efficiently (for example if it's a pointer)
+        // The base addres is $04.  Unfortunately it cannot be the same as on the Commander X16 ($02).
+        for(reg in 0..15) {
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}"]   = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UWORD, 2)       // cx16.r0 .. cx16.r15
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}s"]  = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.WORD, 2)        // cx16.r0s .. cx16.r15s
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}L"]  = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0L .. cx16.r15L
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}H"]  = VarAllocation((5+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0H .. cx16.r15H
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sL"] = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sL .. cx16.r15sL
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sH"] = VarAllocation((5+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sH .. cx16.r15sH
+            free.remove((4+reg*2).toUInt())
+            free.remove((5+reg*2).toUInt())
+        }
     }
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/cbm/AtasciiEncoding.kt

@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ object AtasciiEncoding {
         return Ok(mapped)
     }
 
-    fun decode(bytes: List<UByte>): Result<String, CharConversionException> {
+    fun decode(bytes: Iterable<UByte>): Result<String, CharConversionException> {
         return Ok(bytes.map { decodeTable[it.toInt()] }.joinToString(""))
     }
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/cbm/IsoEncoding.kt

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ object IsoEncoding {
         }
     }
 
-    fun decode(bytes: List<UByte>): Result<String, CharConversionException> {
+    fun decode(bytes: Iterable<UByte>): Result<String, CharConversionException> {
         return try {
             Ok(String(bytes.map { it.toByte() }.toByteArray(), charset))
         } catch (ce: CharConversionException) {

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/cbm/Mflpt5.kt

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 package prog8.code.target.cbm
 
-import prog8.code.core.IMachineFloat
 import prog8.code.core.InternalCompilerException
 import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
 import kotlin.math.pow
 
 
-data class Mflpt5(val b0: UByte, val b1: UByte, val b2: UByte, val b3: UByte, val b4: UByte): IMachineFloat {
+data class Mflpt5(val b0: UByte, val b1: UByte, val b2: UByte, val b3: UByte, val b4: UByte) {
 
     companion object {
         const val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = 1.7014118345e+38         // bytes: 255,127,255,255,255
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ data class Mflpt5(val b0: UByte, val b1: UByte, val b2: UByte, val b3: UByte, va
         }
     }
 
-    override fun toDouble(): Double {
+    fun toDouble(): Double {
         if (this == zero) return 0.0
         val exp = b0.toInt() - 128
         val sign = (b1.toInt() and 0x80) > 0
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ data class Mflpt5(val b0: UByte, val b1: UByte, val b2: UByte, val b3: UByte, va
         return if (sign) -result else result
     }
 
-    override fun makeFloatFillAsm(): String {
+    fun makeFloatFillAsm(): String {
         val b0 = "$" + b0.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
         val b1 = "$" + b1.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
         val b2 = "$" + b2.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/cx16/CX16MachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package prog8.code.target.cx16
 
 import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.C64Target
 import prog8.code.target.cbm.Mflpt5
 import java.nio.file.Path
 
@@ -14,13 +15,17 @@ class CX16MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
     override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
     override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x0801u
 
-    // the 2*256 byte evaluation stack (on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
-    override val ESTACK_LO = 0x0400u        //  $0400-$04ff inclusive
-    override val ESTACK_HI = 0x0500u        //  $0500-$05ff inclusive
+    // the 2*128 byte evaluation stack (1 page, on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
+    override var ESTACK_LO = 0x0700u        //  $0700-$077f inclusive
+    override var ESTACK_HI = 0x0780u        //  $0780-$07ff inclusive
+
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0xa000u     // hiram bank 1, 8Kb, assumed to be active
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0xc000u       // rom starts here.
 
     override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
+    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam
 
-    override fun getFloat(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num)
+    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num).makeFloatFillAsm()
     override fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, compilationTargetName: String): List<String> {
         return if (compilerOptions.launcher == CbmPrgLauncherType.BASIC || compilerOptions.output == OutputType.PRG)
             listOf("syslib")
@@ -39,7 +44,7 @@ class CX16MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
             }
             2 -> {
                 emulator = "box16"
-                extraArgs = listOf("-sym", viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString()))
+                extraArgs = listOf("-sym", C64Target.viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString()))
             }
             else -> {
                 System.err.println("Cx16 target only supports x16emu and box16 emulators.")
@@ -50,28 +55,16 @@ class CX16MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
         println("\nStarting Commander X16 emulator $emulator...")
         val cmdline = listOf(emulator, "-scale", "2", "-run", "-prg", "${programNameWithPath}.prg") + extraArgs
         val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline).inheritIO()
+        processb.environment()["PULSE_LATENCY_MSEC"] = "10"
         val process: Process = processb.start()
         process.waitFor()
     }
 
     override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address==0u || address==1u || address in 0x9f00u..0x9fffu
 
-    override fun initializeZeropage(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
         zeropage = CX16Zeropage(compilerOptions)
+        golden = GoldenRam(compilerOptions, 0x0400u until ESTACK_LO)
     }
 
-    // 65c02 opcodes, these cannot be used as variable or label names
-    override val opcodeNames = setOf("adc", "and", "asl", "bcc", "bcs",
-            "beq", "bge", "bit", "blt", "bmi", "bne", "bpl", "brk", "bvc", "bvs", "clc",
-            "cld", "cli", "clv", "cmp", "cpx", "cpy", "dec", "dex", "dey",
-            "eor", "gcc", "gcs", "geq", "gge", "glt", "gmi", "gne", "gpl", "gvc", "gvs",
-            "inc", "inx", "iny", "jmp", "jsr",
-            "lda", "ldx", "ldy", "lsr", "nop", "ora", "pha", "php",
-            "pla", "plp", "rol", "ror", "rti", "rts", "sbc",
-            "sec", "sed", "sei",
-            "sta", "stx", "sty", "tax", "tay", "tsx", "txa", "txs", "tya",
-            "bra", "phx", "phy", "plx", "ply", "stz", "trb", "tsb", "bbr", "bbs",
-            "rmb", "smb", "stp", "wai")
-
-
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/cx16/CX16Zeropage.kt

@@ -43,18 +43,27 @@ class CX16Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
                 else -> throw InternalCompilerException("for this machine target, zero page type 'floatsafe' is not available. ${options.zeropage}")
             }
 
+            val distinctFree = free.distinct()
+            free.clear()
+            free.addAll(distinctFree)
+
             removeReservedFromFreePool()
 
-            // note: the 16 virtual registers R0-R15 are not regular allocated variables, they're *memory mapped* elsewhere to fixed addresses.
-            // however, to be able for the compiler to "see" them as zero page variables, we have to register them here as well.
-            for(reg in 0..15) {
-                allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}")]   = ZpAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UWORD, 2)        // cx16.r0 .. cx16.r15
-                allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}s")]  = ZpAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.WORD, 2)        // cx16.r0s .. cx16.r15s
-                allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}L")]  = ZpAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0L .. cx16.r15L
-                allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}H")]  = ZpAllocation((3+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0H .. cx16.r15H
-                allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}sL")] = ZpAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0sL .. cx16.r15sL
-                allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}sH")] = ZpAllocation((3+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0sH .. cx16.r15sH
-            }
+            allocateCx16VirtualRegisters()
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun allocateCx16VirtualRegisters() {
+        // Note: the 16 virtual registers R0-R15 are not regular allocated variables, they're *memory mapped* elsewhere to fixed addresses.
+        // However, to be able for the compiler to "see" them as zero page variables, we have to register them here as well.
+        // This is important because the compiler sometimes treats ZP variables more efficiently (for example if it's a pointer)
+        for(reg in 0..15) {
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}"]   = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UWORD, 2)       // cx16.r0 .. cx16.r15
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}s"]  = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.WORD, 2)        // cx16.r0s .. cx16.r15s
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}L"]  = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0L .. cx16.r15L
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}H"]  = VarAllocation((3+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0H .. cx16.r15H
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sL"] = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sL .. cx16.r15sL
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sH"] = VarAllocation((3+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sH .. cx16.r15sH
         }
     }
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/virtual/VirtualMachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,15 +1,10 @@
 package prog8.code.target.virtual
 
-import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.code.core.CpuType
-import prog8.code.core.IMachineDefinition
-import prog8.code.core.Zeropage
-import prog8.vm.Assembler
-import prog8.vm.Memory
-import prog8.vm.VirtualMachine
-import java.io.File
+import prog8.code.core.*
 import java.nio.file.Path
-
+import kotlin.io.path.isReadable
+import kotlin.io.path.name
+import kotlin.io.path.readText
 
 class VirtualMachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
@@ -17,15 +12,23 @@ class VirtualMachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
     override val FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE = Float.MAX_VALUE.toDouble()
     override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = -Float.MAX_VALUE.toDouble()
-    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = 4
+    override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = 4             // 32-bits floating point
     override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0u      // not actually used
 
-    override val ESTACK_LO = 0u                 // not actually used
-    override val ESTACK_HI = 0u                 // not actually used
+    override var ESTACK_LO = 0u                 // not actually used
+    override var ESTACK_HI = 0u                 // not actually used
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0u          // not actually used
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0u            // not actually used
+    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage    // not actually used
+    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam     // not actually used
 
-    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage     // not actually used
-
-    override fun getFloat(num: Number) = TODO("float from number")
+    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number): String {
+        // little endian binary representation
+        val bits = num.toFloat().toBits().toUInt()
+        val hexStr = bits.toString(16).padStart(8, '0')
+        val parts = hexStr.chunked(2).map { "\$" + it }
+        return parts.joinToString(", ")
+    }
 
     override fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, compilationTargetName: String): List<String> {
         return listOf("syslib")
@@ -33,19 +36,40 @@ class VirtualMachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
     override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path) {
         println("\nStarting Virtual Machine...")
-        val source = File("$programNameWithPath.p8virt").readText()
-        val (memsrc, programsrc) = source.split("------PROGRAM------".toRegex(), 2)
-        val memory = Memory()
-        val assembler = Assembler()
-        assembler.initializeMemory(memsrc, memory)
-        val program = assembler.assembleProgram(programsrc)
-        val vm = VirtualMachine(memory, program)
-        vm.run(throttle = true)
+        // to not have external module dependencies in our own module, we launch the virtual machine via reflection
+        val vm = Class.forName("prog8.vm.VmRunner").getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance() as IVirtualMachineRunner
+        val filename = programNameWithPath.name
+        if(programNameWithPath.isReadable()) {
+            vm.runProgram(programNameWithPath.readText())
+        } else {
+            val withExt = programNameWithPath.resolveSibling("$filename.p8ir")
+            if(withExt.isReadable())
+                vm.runProgram(withExt.readText())
+            else
+                throw NoSuchFileException(withExt.toFile(), reason="not a .p8ir file")
+        }
     }
 
     override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = false
 
-    override fun initializeZeropage(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {}
-
-    override val opcodeNames = emptySet<String>()
+    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+        zeropage = VirtualZeropage(compilerOptions)
+    }
+}
+
+interface IVirtualMachineRunner {
+    fun runProgram(irSource: String)
+}
+
+private class VirtualZeropage(options: CompilationOptions): Zeropage(options) {
+    override val SCRATCH_B1: UInt
+        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
+    override val SCRATCH_REG: UInt
+        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
+    override val SCRATCH_W1: UInt
+        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
+    override val SCRATCH_W2: UInt
+        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
+
+    override fun allocateCx16VirtualRegisters() { /* there is no actual zero page in this target to allocate thing in */ }
 }

codeGenCpu6502/build.gradle

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ plugins {
     id 'java'
     id 'application'
     id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm"
+    id "io.kotest" version "0.3.9"
 }
 
 java {
@@ -24,13 +25,12 @@ compileTestKotlin {
 }
 
 dependencies {
-    implementation project(':codeAst')
     implementation project(':codeCore')
-    implementation project(':compilerAst')
     implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8"
     // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect"
-    implementation "com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:1.1.14"
+    implementation "com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:1.1.17"
 
+    testImplementation 'io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5-jvm:5.6.2'
 }
 
 sourceSets {
@@ -42,6 +42,22 @@ sourceSets {
             srcDirs = ["${project.projectDir}/res"]
         }
     }
+    test {
+        java {
+            srcDir "${project.projectDir}/test"
+        }
+    }
 }
 
-// note: there are no unit tests in this module!
+test {
+    // Enable JUnit 5 (Gradle 4.6+).
+    useJUnitPlatform()
+
+    // Always run tests, even when nothing changed.
+    dependsOn 'cleanTest'
+
+    // Show test results.
+    testLogging {
+        events "skipped", "failed"
+    }
+}

codeGenCpu6502/codeGenCpu6502.iml

@@ -4,14 +4,15 @@
     <exclude-output />
     <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
       <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src" isTestSource="false" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/test" isTestSource="true" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build" />
     </content>
     <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
     <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="KotlinJavaRuntime" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="codeAst" />
     <orderEntry type="module" module-name="codeCore" />
-    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="compilerAst" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="michael.bull.kotlin.result.jvm" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="io.kotest.assertions.core.jvm" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="io.kotest.runner.junit5.jvm" level="project" />
   </component>
 </module>

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/AsmOptimizer.kt

@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteral
-import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
-import prog8.ast.statements.VarDeclType
+import prog8.code.StConstant
+import prog8.code.StMemVar
+import prog8.code.SymbolTable
 import prog8.code.core.IMachineDefinition
 
 
 // note: see https://wiki.nesdev.org/w/index.php/6502_assembly_optimisations
 
 
-internal fun optimizeAssembly(lines: MutableList<String>, machine: IMachineDefinition, program: Program): Int {
+internal fun optimizeAssembly(lines: MutableList<String>, machine: IMachineDefinition, symbolTable: SymbolTable): Int {
 
     var numberOfOptimizations = 0
 
@@ -37,14 +36,14 @@ internal fun optimizeAssembly(lines: MutableList<String>, machine: IMachineDefin
         numberOfOptimizations++
     }
 
-    mods = optimizeStoreLoadSame(linesByFour, machine, program)
+    mods = optimizeStoreLoadSame(linesByFour, machine, symbolTable)
     if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
         apply(mods, lines)
         linesByFour = getLinesBy(lines, 4)
         numberOfOptimizations++
     }
 
-    mods= optimizeJsrRts(linesByFour)
+    mods= optimizeJsrRtsAndOtherCombinations(linesByFour)
     if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
         apply(mods, lines)
         linesByFour = getLinesBy(lines, 4)
@@ -52,14 +51,21 @@ internal fun optimizeAssembly(lines: MutableList<String>, machine: IMachineDefin
     }
 
     var linesByFourteen = getLinesBy(lines, 14)
-    mods = optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen, machine, program)
+    mods = optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen, machine, symbolTable)
     if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
         apply(mods, lines)
         linesByFourteen = getLinesBy(lines, 14)
         numberOfOptimizations++
     }
 
-    // TODO more assembly optimizations
+    mods = optimizeSamePointerIndexing(linesByFourteen)
+    if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
+        apply(mods, lines)
+        linesByFourteen = getLinesBy(lines, 14)
+        numberOfOptimizations++
+    }
+
+    // TODO more assembly peephole optimizations
 
     return numberOfOptimizations
 }
@@ -122,7 +128,11 @@ private fun optimizeUselessStackByteWrites(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<S
     return mods
 }
 
-private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>, machine: IMachineDefinition, program: Program): List<Modification> {
+private fun optimizeSameAssignments(
+    linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>,
+    machine: IMachineDefinition,
+    symbolTable: SymbolTable
+): List<Modification> {
 
     // Optimize sequential assignments of the same value to various targets (bytes, words, floats)
     // the float one is the one that requires 2*7=14 lines of code to check...
@@ -147,8 +157,8 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
             val fourthvalue = sixth.substring(4)
             if(firstvalue==thirdvalue && secondvalue==fourthvalue) {
                 // lda/ldy   sta/sty   twice the same word -->  remove second lda/ldy pair (fifth and sixth lines)
-                val address1 = getAddressArg(first, program)
-                val address2 = getAddressArg(second, program)
+                val address1 = getAddressArg(first, symbolTable)
+                val address2 = getAddressArg(second, symbolTable)
                 if(address1==null || address2==null || (!machine.isIOAddress(address1) && !machine.isIOAddress(address2))) {
                     mods.add(Modification(lines[4].index, true, null))
                     mods.add(Modification(lines[5].index, true, null))
@@ -161,7 +171,7 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
             val secondvalue = third.substring(4)
             if(firstvalue==secondvalue) {
                 // lda value / sta ? / lda same-value / sta ?  -> remove second lda (third line)
-                val address = getAddressArg(first, program)
+                val address = getAddressArg(first, symbolTable)
                 if(address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address))
                     mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, true, null))
             }
@@ -244,7 +254,7 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
                 val thirdvalue = third.substring(4)
                 val fourthvalue = fourth.substring(4)
                 if(firstvalue==thirdvalue && secondvalue == fourthvalue) {
-                    val address = getAddressArg(first, program)
+                    val address = getAddressArg(first, symbolTable)
                     if(address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address)) {
                         overlappingMods = true
                         mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, true, null))
@@ -268,7 +278,7 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
                 val firstvalue = first.substring(4)
                 val thirdvalue = third.substring(4)
                 if(firstvalue==thirdvalue) {
-                    val address = getAddressArg(first, program)
+                    val address = getAddressArg(first, symbolTable)
                     if(address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address)) {
                         overlappingMods = true
                         mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, true, null))
@@ -288,7 +298,7 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
             val secondvalue = second.substring(4)
             val thirdvalue = third.substring(4)
             if(firstvalue==secondvalue && firstvalue==thirdvalue) {
-                val address = getAddressArg(first, program)
+                val address = getAddressArg(first, symbolTable)
                 if(address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address)) {
                     overlappingMods = true
                     val reg2 = second[2]
@@ -301,18 +311,49 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
         /*
         sta  A   ; or stz     double store, remove this first one
         sta  A   ; or stz
-         */
-        if(!overlappingMods && first.isStoreRegOrZero() && second.isStoreRegOrZero()) {
-            if(first[2]==second[2]) {
-                val firstvalue = first.substring(4)
-                val secondvalue = second.substring(4)
-                if(firstvalue==secondvalue) {
-                    val address = getAddressArg(first, program)
-                    if(address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address)) {
-                        overlappingMods = true
-                        mods.add(Modification(lines[0].index, true, null))
-                    }
-                }
+        However, this cannot be done relyably because 'A' could be a constant symbol referring to an I/O address.
+        We can't see that here and would otherwise delete valid double stores.
+        */
+    }
+
+    return mods
+}
+
+private fun optimizeSamePointerIndexing(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<Modification> {
+
+    // Optimize same pointer indexing where for instance we load and store to the same ptr index in Y
+    // if Y isn't modified in between we can omit the second LDY:
+    //    ldy  #0
+    //    lda  (ptr),y
+    //    ora  #3       ; <-- instruction(s) that don't modify Y
+    //    ldy  #0       ; <-- can be removed
+    //    sta  (ptr),y
+
+    val mods = mutableListOf<Modification>()
+    for (lines in linesByFourteen) {
+        val first = lines[0].value.trimStart()
+        val second = lines[1].value.trimStart()
+        val third = lines[2].value.trimStart()
+        val fourth = lines[3].value.trimStart()
+        val fifth = lines[4].value.trimStart()
+        val sixth = lines[5].value.trimStart()
+
+        if(first.startsWith("ldy") && second.startsWith("lda") && fourth.startsWith("ldy") && fifth.startsWith("sta")) {
+            val firstvalue = first.substring(4)
+            val secondvalue = second.substring(4)
+            val fourthvalue = fourth.substring(4)
+            val fifthvalue = fifth.substring(4)
+            if("y" !in third && firstvalue==fourthvalue && secondvalue==fifthvalue && secondvalue.endsWith(",y") && fifthvalue.endsWith(",y")) {
+                mods.add(Modification(lines[3].index, true, null))
+            }
+        }
+        if(first.startsWith("ldy") && second.startsWith("lda") && fifth.startsWith("ldy") && sixth.startsWith("sta")) {
+            val firstvalue = first.substring(4)
+            val secondvalue = second.substring(4)
+            val fifthvalue = fifth.substring(4)
+            val sixthvalue = sixth.substring(4)
+            if("y" !in third && "y" !in fourth && firstvalue==fifthvalue && secondvalue==sixthvalue && secondvalue.endsWith(",y") && sixthvalue.endsWith(",y")) {
+                mods.add(Modification(lines[4].index, true, null))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -320,7 +361,11 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
     return mods
 }
 
-private fun optimizeStoreLoadSame(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>, machine: IMachineDefinition, program: Program): List<Modification> {
+private fun optimizeStoreLoadSame(
+    linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>,
+    machine: IMachineDefinition,
+    symbolTable: SymbolTable
+): List<Modification> {
     // sta X + lda X,  sty X + ldy X,   stx X + ldx X  -> the second instruction can OFTEN be eliminated
     val mods = mutableListOf<Modification>()
     for (lines in linesByFour) {
@@ -348,7 +393,7 @@ private fun optimizeStoreLoadSame(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>,
                 }
                 else {
                     // no branch instruction follows, we can remove the load instruction
-                    val address = getAddressArg(lines[2].value, program)
+                    val address = getAddressArg(lines[2].value, symbolTable)
                     address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address)
                 }
 
@@ -390,7 +435,8 @@ private fun optimizeStoreLoadSame(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>,
 
 private val identifierRegex = Regex("""^([a-zA-Z_$][a-zA-Z\d_\.$]*)""")
 
-private fun getAddressArg(line: String, program: Program): UInt? {
+private fun getAddressArg(line: String, symbolTable: SymbolTable): UInt? {
+    // try to get the constant value address, could return null if it's a symbol instead
     val loadArg = line.trimStart().substring(3).trim()
     return when {
         loadArg.startsWith('$') -> loadArg.substring(1).toUIntOrNull(16)
@@ -401,15 +447,11 @@ private fun getAddressArg(line: String, program: Program): UInt? {
             val identMatch = identifierRegex.find(loadArg)
             if(identMatch!=null) {
                 val identifier = identMatch.value
-                val decl = program.toplevelModule.lookup(identifier.split(".")) as? VarDecl
-                if(decl!=null) {
-                    when(decl.type){
-                        VarDeclType.VAR -> null
-                        VarDeclType.CONST,
-                        VarDeclType.MEMORY -> (decl.value as NumericLiteral).number.toUInt()
-                    }
+                when (val symbol = symbolTable.flat[identifier]) {
+                    is StConstant -> symbol.value.toUInt()
+                    is StMemVar -> symbol.address
+                    else -> null
                 }
-                else null
             } else null
         }
         else -> loadArg.substring(1).toUIntOrNull()
@@ -437,8 +479,11 @@ private fun optimizeIncDec(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<
     return mods
 }
 
-private fun optimizeJsrRts(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<Modification> {
+private fun optimizeJsrRtsAndOtherCombinations(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<Modification> {
     // jsr Sub + rts -> jmp Sub
+    // rts + jmp -> remove jmp
+    // rts + bxx -> remove bxx
+
     val mods = mutableListOf<Modification>()
     for (lines in linesByFour) {
         val first = lines[0].value
@@ -447,6 +492,28 @@ private fun optimizeJsrRts(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<
             mods += Modification(lines[0].index, false, lines[0].value.replace("jsr", "jmp"))
             mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
         }
+        else if (" rts" in first || "\trts" in first) {
+            if (" jmp" in second || "\tjmp" in second)
+                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+            else if (" bra" in second || "\tbra" in second)
+                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+            else if (" bcc" in second || "\tbcc" in second)
+                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+            else if (" bcs" in second || "\tbcs" in second)
+                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+            else if (" beq" in second || "\tbeq" in second)
+                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+            else if (" bne" in second || "\tbne" in second)
+                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+            else if (" bmi" in second || "\tbmi" in second)
+                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+            else if (" bpl" in second || "\tbpl" in second)
+                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+            else if (" bvs" in second || "\tbvs" in second)
+                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+            else if (" bvc" in second || "\tbvc" in second)
+                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+        }
     }
     return mods
 }

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/AsmsubHelpers.kt

@@ -1,15 +1,12 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
-import prog8.ast.expressions.ArrayIndexedExpression
-import prog8.ast.expressions.BuiltinFunctionCall
-import prog8.ast.expressions.Expression
-import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
+import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.Cx16VirtualRegisters
 import prog8.code.core.RegisterOrPair
 import prog8.code.core.RegisterOrStatusflag
 
 
-fun asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder(sub: Subroutine): List<Int> {
+fun asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder(sub: PtAsmSub): List<Int> {
     val order = mutableListOf<Int>()
     // order is:
     //  1) cx16 virtual word registers,
@@ -17,43 +14,45 @@ fun asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder(sub: Subroutine): List<Int> {
     //  3) single CPU registers (X last), except A,
     //  4) CPU Carry status flag
     //  5) the A register itself last   (so everything before it can use the accumulator without having to save its value)
-    val args = sub.parameters.zip(sub.asmParameterRegisters).withIndex()
-    val (cx16regs, args2) = args.partition { it.value.second.registerOrPair in Cx16VirtualRegisters }
+    val args = sub.parameters.withIndex()
+    val (cx16regs, args2) = args.partition { it.value.first.registerOrPair in Cx16VirtualRegisters }
     val pairedRegisters = arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY, RegisterOrPair.XY)
-    val (pairedRegs , args3) = args2.partition { it.value.second.registerOrPair in pairedRegisters }
-    val (regsWithoutA, args4) = args3.partition { it.value.second.registerOrPair != RegisterOrPair.A }
-    val (regA, rest) = args4.partition { it.value.second.registerOrPair != null }
+    val (pairedRegs , args3) = args2.partition { it.value.first.registerOrPair in pairedRegisters }
+    val (regsWithoutA, args4) = args3.partition { it.value.first.registerOrPair != RegisterOrPair.A }
+    val (regA, rest) = args4.partition { it.value.first.registerOrPair != null }
 
     cx16regs.forEach { order += it.index }
     pairedRegs.forEach { order += it.index }
     regsWithoutA.forEach {
-        if(it.value.second.registerOrPair != RegisterOrPair.X)
+        if(it.value.first.registerOrPair != RegisterOrPair.X)
             order += it.index
     }
-    regsWithoutA.firstOrNull { it.value.second.registerOrPair==RegisterOrPair.X } ?.let { order += it.index}
+    regsWithoutA.firstOrNull { it.value.first.registerOrPair==RegisterOrPair.X } ?.let { order += it.index}
     rest.forEach { order += it.index }
     regA.forEach { order += it.index }
     require(order.size==sub.parameters.size)
     return order
 }
 
-fun asmsub6502ArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk(args: List<Expression>,
-                                                   paramRegisters: List<RegisterOrStatusflag>): Boolean {
-    fun isClobberRisk(expr: Expression): Boolean {
+fun asmsub6502ArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk(
+    args: List<PtExpression>,
+    params: List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, PtSubroutineParameter>>
+): Boolean {
+    fun isClobberRisk(expr: PtExpression): Boolean {
         when (expr) {
-            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
-                return paramRegisters.any {
-                    it.registerOrPair in listOf(RegisterOrPair.Y, RegisterOrPair.AY, RegisterOrPair.XY)
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> {
+                return params.any {
+                    it.first.registerOrPair in listOf(RegisterOrPair.Y, RegisterOrPair.AY, RegisterOrPair.XY)
                 }
             }
-            is BuiltinFunctionCall -> {
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> {
                 if (expr.name == "lsb" || expr.name == "msb")
                     return isClobberRisk(expr.args[0])
                 if (expr.name == "mkword")
                     return isClobberRisk(expr.args[0]) && isClobberRisk(expr.args[1])
-                return !expr.isSimple
+                return !expr.isSimple()
             }
-            else -> return !expr.isSimple
+            else -> return !expr.isSimple()
         }
     }
 

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/AssemblyProgram.kt

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import com.github.michaelbull.result.Ok
 import com.github.michaelbull.result.Result
 import com.github.michaelbull.result.mapError
 import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.code.core.SourceCode
+import prog8.code.target.C64Target
 import java.io.File
 import java.nio.file.Path
 import kotlin.io.path.Path
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ internal class AssemblyProgram(
     private val prgFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.prg")        // CBM prg executable program
     private val xexFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.xex")        // Atari xex executable program
     private val binFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.bin")
-    private val viceMonListFile = outputDir.resolve(viceMonListName(name))
+    private val viceMonListFile = outputDir.resolve(C64Target.viceMonListName(name))
     private val listFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.list")
 
-    override fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions): Boolean {
+    override fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions, errors: IErrorReporter): Boolean {
 
         val assemblerCommand: List<String>
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ internal class AssemblyProgram(
             "atari" -> {
                 // Atari800XL .xex generation.
 
-                // TODO are these options okay?
+                // TODO are these options okay for atari?
                 val command = mutableListOf("64tass", "--ascii", "--case-sensitive", "--long-branch",
                     "-Wall", "-Wno-strict-bool", "-Wno-shadow", // "-Werror",
                     "--no-monitor"
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ internal class AssemblyProgram(
     }
 
     private fun removeGeneratedLabelsFromMonlist() {
-        val pattern = Regex("""al (\w+) \S+${generatedLabelPrefix}.+?""")
+        val pattern = Regex("""al (\w+) \S+prog8_label_.+?""")
         val lines = viceMonListFile.toFile().readLines()
         viceMonListFile.toFile().outputStream().bufferedWriter().use {
             for (line in lines) {
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ internal class AssemblyProgram(
                 breakpoints.add("break \$" + match.groupValues[1])
         }
         val num = breakpoints.size
-        breakpoints.add(0, "; vice monitor breakpoint list now follows")
+        breakpoints.add(0, "; breakpoint list now follows")
         breakpoints.add(1, "; $num breakpoints have been defined")
         breakpoints.add(2, "del")
         viceMonListFile.toFile().appendText(breakpoints.joinToString("\n") + "\n")

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/ExpressionsAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
 
-internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
-                                 private val asmgen: AsmGen,
+internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
+                                 private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal,
                                  private val allocator: VariableAllocator) {
 
     @Deprecated("avoid calling this as it generates slow evalstack based code")
-    internal fun translateExpression(expression:Expression) {
+    internal fun translateExpression(expression: PtExpression) {
         if (this.asmgen.options.slowCodegenWarnings) {
-            asmgen.errors.warn("slow stack evaluation used for expression $expression", expression.position)
+            asmgen.errors.warn("slow stack evaluation used for expression", expression.position)
         }
         translateExpressionInternal(expression)
     }
@@ -21,43 +20,47 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
     // the rest of the methods are all PRIVATE
 
 
-    private fun translateExpressionInternal(expression: Expression) {
+    private fun translateExpressionInternal(expression: PtExpression) {
 
         when(expression) {
-            is PrefixExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is BinaryExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is TypecastExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is AddressOf -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is DirectMemoryRead -> asmgen.translateDirectMemReadExpressionToRegAorStack(expression, true)
-            is NumericLiteral -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is IdentifierReference -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is FunctionCallExpression -> translateFunctionCallResultOntoStack(expression)
-            is BuiltinFunctionCall -> asmgen.translateBuiltinFunctionCallExpression(expression, true, null)
-            is PipeExpression -> asmgen.translatePipeExpression(expression.source, expression.segments,
-                                                                expression, isStatement = false, pushResultOnEstack = true )
-            is ContainmentCheck -> throw AssemblyError("containment check as complex expression value is not supported")
-            is ArrayLiteral, is StringLiteral -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for string/array literal value assignment - should have been replaced by a variable")
-            is RangeExpression -> throw AssemblyError("range expression should have been changed into array values")
-            is CharLiteral -> throw AssemblyError("charliteral should have been replaced by ubyte using certain encoding")
+            is PtPrefix -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtBinaryExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtTypeCast -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtAddressOf -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtMemoryByte -> asmgen.translateDirectMemReadExpressionToRegAorStack(expression, true)
+            is PtNumber -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtIdentifier -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtFunctionCall -> translateFunctionCallResultOntoStack(expression)
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> asmgen.translateBuiltinFunctionCallExpression(expression, true, null)
+            is PtContainmentCheck -> translateContainmentCheck(expression)
+            is PtArray, is PtString -> throw AssemblyError("string/array literal value assignment should have been replaced by a variable")
+            is PtRange -> throw AssemblyError("range expression should have been changed into array values")
+            is PtMachineRegister -> throw AssemblyError("machine register ast node should not occur in 6502 codegen it is for IR code")
             else -> TODO("missing expression asmgen for $expression")
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateFunctionCallResultOntoStack(call: FunctionCallExpression) {
+    private fun translateContainmentCheck(check: PtContainmentCheck) {
+        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(check, RegisterOrPair.A)
+        asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  dex")
+    }
+
+    private fun translateFunctionCallResultOntoStack(call: PtFunctionCall) {
         // only for use in nested expression evaluation
 
-        val sub = call.target.targetSubroutine(program)!!
+        val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(call.name)
+        val sub = symbol!!.astNode as IPtSubroutine
         asmgen.saveXbeforeCall(call)
-        asmgen.translateFunctionCall(call, true)
+        asmgen.translateFunctionCall(call)
         if(sub.regXasResult()) {
             // store the return value in X somewhere that we can access again below
             asmgen.out("  stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG")
         }
         asmgen.restoreXafterCall(call)
 
-        val returns = sub.returntypes.zip(sub.asmReturnvaluesRegisters)
-        for ((_, reg) in returns) {
+        val returns: List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, DataType>> = sub.returnsWhatWhere()
+        for ((reg, _) in returns) {
             // result value is in cpu or status registers, put it on the stack instead (as we're evaluating an expression tree)
             if (reg.registerOrPair != null) {
                 when (reg.registerOrPair!!) {
@@ -135,10 +138,10 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(typecast: TypecastExpression) {
-        translateExpressionInternal(typecast.expression)
-        when(typecast.expression.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> {
+    private fun translateExpression(typecast: PtTypeCast) {
+        translateExpressionInternal(typecast.value)
+        when(typecast.value.type) {
+            DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BOOL -> {
                 when(typecast.type) {
                     DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {}
                     DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> {
@@ -199,12 +202,12 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(expr: AddressOf) {
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: PtAddressOf) {
         val name = asmgen.asmVariableName(expr.identifier)
         asmgen.out("  lda  #<$name |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  lda  #>$name  |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x  | dex")
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(expr: NumericLiteral) {
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: PtNumber) {
         when(expr.type) {
             DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out(" lda  #${expr.number.toHex()}  | sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x  | dex")
             DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("""
@@ -222,9 +225,9 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(expr: IdentifierReference) {
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: PtIdentifier) {
         val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(expr)
-        when(expr.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
+        when(expr.type) {
             DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
                 asmgen.out("  lda  $varname  |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x  |  dex")
             }
@@ -234,6 +237,9 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             DataType.FLOAT -> {
                 asmgen.out(" lda  #<$varname |  ldy  #>$varname|  jsr  floats.push_float")
             }
+            in SplitWordArrayTypes -> {
+                throw AssemblyError("can't push address of split-word array ${expr.position}")
+            }
             in IterableDatatypes -> {
                 asmgen.out("  lda  #<$varname  |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x  |  lda  #>$varname |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
             }
@@ -241,24 +247,54 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(expr: BinaryExpression) {
-        // Uses evalstack to evaluate the given expression.
-        // TODO we're slowly reducing the number of places where this is called and instead replace that by more efficient assignment-form code (using temp var or register for instance).
-        val leftIDt = expr.left.inferType(program)
-        val rightIDt = expr.right.inferType(program)
-        if(!leftIDt.isKnown || !rightIDt.isKnown)
-            throw AssemblyError("can't infer type of both expression operands")
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: PtBinaryExpression) {
+        require(!asmgen.options.useNewExprCode)
 
-        val leftDt = leftIDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
-        val rightDt = rightIDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
-        // see if we can apply some optimized routines
-        when(expr.operator) {
+        // Uses evalstack to evaluate the given expression.  THIS IS SLOW AND SHOULD BE AVOIDED!
+        if(translateSomewhatOptimized(expr.left, expr.operator, expr.right))
+            return
+
+        val leftDt = expr.left.type
+        val rightDt = expr.right.type
+
+        // compare with zero
+        if(expr.operator in ComparisonOperators) {
+            if(leftDt in NumericDatatypes && rightDt in NumericDatatypes) {
+                val rightVal = expr.right.asConstInteger()
+                if(rightVal==0)
+                    return translateComparisonWithZero(expr.left, leftDt, expr.operator)
+            }
+        }
+
+        if(leftDt==DataType.STR && rightDt==DataType.STR && expr.operator in ComparisonOperators)
+            return translateCompareStrings(expr.left, expr.operator, expr.right)
+
+        if((leftDt in ByteDatatypes && rightDt !in ByteDatatypes)
+                || (leftDt in WordDatatypes && rightDt !in WordDatatypes))
+            throw AssemblyError("binary operator ${expr.operator} left/right dt not identical")
+
+        // the general, non-optimized cases
+        // TODO optimize more cases.... (or one day just don't use the evalstack at all anymore)
+        translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+        translateExpressionInternal(expr.right)
+        when (leftDt) {
+            in ByteDatatypes -> translateBinaryOperatorBytes(expr.operator, leftDt)
+            in WordDatatypes -> translateBinaryOperatorWords(expr.operator, leftDt)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> translateBinaryOperatorFloats(expr.operator)
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("non-numerical datatype")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateSomewhatOptimized(left: PtExpression, operator: String, right: PtExpression): Boolean {
+        val leftDt = left.type
+        val rightDt = right.type
+        when(operator) {
             "+" -> {
                 if(leftDt in IntegerDatatypes && rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                    val leftVal = expr.left.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
-                    val rightVal = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                    val leftVal = left.asConstInteger()
+                    val rightVal = right.asConstInteger()
                     if (leftVal!=null && leftVal in -4..4) {
-                        translateExpressionInternal(expr.right)
+                        translateExpressionInternal(right)
                         if(rightDt in ByteDatatypes) {
                             val incdec = if(leftVal<0) "dec" else "inc"
                             repeat(leftVal.absoluteValue) {
@@ -284,11 +320,11 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                                 }
                             }
                         }
-                        return
+                        return true
                     }
                     else if (rightVal!=null && rightVal in -4..4)
                     {
-                        translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                        translateExpressionInternal(left)
                         if(leftDt in ByteDatatypes) {
                             val incdec = if(rightVal<0) "dec" else "inc"
                             repeat(rightVal.absoluteValue) {
@@ -314,16 +350,16 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                                 }
                             }
                         }
-                        return
+                        return true
                     }
                 }
             }
             "-" -> {
                 if(leftDt in IntegerDatatypes && rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                    val rightVal = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                    val rightVal = right.asConstInteger()
                     if (rightVal!=null && rightVal in -4..4)
                     {
-                        translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                        translateExpressionInternal(left)
                         if(leftDt in ByteDatatypes) {
                             val incdec = if(rightVal<0) "inc" else "dec"
                             repeat(rightVal.absoluteValue) {
@@ -349,14 +385,14 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                                 }
                             }
                         }
-                        return
+                        return true
                     }
                 }
             }
             ">>" -> {
-                val amount = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                val amount = right.asConstInteger()
                 if(amount!=null) {
-                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                    translateExpressionInternal(left)
                     when (leftDt) {
                         DataType.UBYTE -> {
                             if (amount <= 2)
@@ -382,17 +418,17 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                                     asmgen.out("  stz  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x |  stz  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x")
                                 else
                                     asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x")
-                                return
+                                return true
                             }
-                            var left = amount
-                            while (left >= 7) {
+                            var amountLeft = amount
+                            while (amountLeft >= 7) {
                                 asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_right_uw_7")
-                                left -= 7
+                                amountLeft -= 7
                             }
-                            if (left in 0..2)
-                                repeat(left) { asmgen.out(" lsr  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  ror  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x") }
+                            if (amountLeft in 0..2)
+                                repeat(amountLeft) { asmgen.out(" lsr  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  ror  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x") }
                             else
-                                asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_right_uw_$left")
+                                asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_right_uw_$amountLeft")
                         }
                         DataType.WORD -> {
                             if(amount>=16) {
@@ -407,27 +443,27 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                                     sta  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
                                     sta  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x
 +""")
-                                return
+                                return true
                             }
-                            var left = amount
-                            while (left >= 7) {
+                            var amountLeft = amount
+                            while (amountLeft >= 7) {
                                 asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_right_w_7")
-                                left -= 7
+                                amountLeft -= 7
                             }
-                            if (left in 0..2)
-                                repeat(left) { asmgen.out(" lda  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  asl  a  |  ror  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  ror  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x") }
+                            if (amountLeft in 0..2)
+                                repeat(amountLeft) { asmgen.out(" lda  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  asl  a  |  ror  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  ror  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x") }
                             else
-                                asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_right_w_$left")
+                                asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_right_w_$amountLeft")
                         }
                         else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
                     }
-                    return
+                    return true
                 }
             }
             "<<" -> {
-                val amount = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                val amount = right.asConstInteger()
                 if(amount!=null) {
-                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                    translateExpressionInternal(left)
                     if (leftDt in ByteDatatypes) {
                         if (amount <= 2)
                             repeat(amount) { asmgen.out("  asl  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x") }
@@ -437,78 +473,80 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
                         }
                     } else {
-                        var left = amount
-                        while (left >= 7) {
+                        var amountLeft = amount
+                        while (amountLeft >= 7) {
                             asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_left_w_7")
-                            left -= 7
+                            amountLeft -= 7
                         }
-                        if (left in 0..2)
-                            repeat(left) { asmgen.out("  asl  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x |  rol  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x") }
+                        if (amountLeft in 0..2)
+                            repeat(amountLeft) { asmgen.out("  asl  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x |  rol  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x") }
                         else
-                            asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_left_w_$left")
+                            asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_left_w_$amountLeft")
                     }
-                    return
+                    return true
                 }
             }
             "*" -> {
                 if(leftDt in IntegerDatatypes && rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                    val leftVar = expr.left as? IdentifierReference
-                    val rightVar = expr.right as? IdentifierReference
-                    if(leftVar!=null && rightVar!=null && leftVar==rightVar)
-                        return translateSquared(leftVar, leftDt)
+                    val leftVar = left as? PtIdentifier
+                    val rightVar = right as? PtIdentifier
+                    if(leftVar!=null && rightVar!=null && leftVar==rightVar) {
+                        translateSquared(leftVar, leftDt)
+                        return true
+                    }
                 }
 
-                val value = expr.right.constValue(program)
+                val value = right as? PtNumber
                 if(value!=null) {
                     if(rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
                         val amount = value.number.toInt()
                         if(amount==2) {
                             // optimize x*2 common case
-                            translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                            translateExpressionInternal(left)
                             if(leftDt in ByteDatatypes) {
                                 asmgen.out("  asl  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
                             } else {
                                 asmgen.out("  asl  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x |  rol  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x")
                             }
-                            return
+                            return true
                         }
                         when(rightDt) {
                             DataType.UBYTE -> {
                                 if(amount in asmgen.optimizedByteMultiplications) {
-                                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                                    translateExpressionInternal(left)
                                     asmgen.out(" jsr  math.stack_mul_byte_$amount")
-                                    return
+                                    return true
                                 }
                             }
                             DataType.BYTE -> {
                                 if(amount in asmgen.optimizedByteMultiplications) {
-                                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                                    translateExpressionInternal(left)
                                     asmgen.out(" jsr  math.stack_mul_byte_$amount")
-                                    return
+                                    return true
                                 }
                                 if(amount.absoluteValue in asmgen.optimizedByteMultiplications) {
-                                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                                    translateExpressionInternal(left)
                                     asmgen.out(" jsr  prog8_lib.neg_b |  jsr  math.stack_mul_byte_${amount.absoluteValue}")
-                                    return
+                                    return true
                                 }
                             }
                             DataType.UWORD -> {
                                 if(amount in asmgen.optimizedWordMultiplications) {
-                                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                                    translateExpressionInternal(left)
                                     asmgen.out(" jsr  math.stack_mul_word_$amount")
-                                    return
+                                    return true
                                 }
                             }
                             DataType.WORD -> {
                                 if(amount in asmgen.optimizedWordMultiplications) {
-                                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                                    translateExpressionInternal(left)
                                     asmgen.out(" jsr  math.stack_mul_word_$amount")
-                                    return
+                                    return true
                                 }
                                 if(amount.absoluteValue in asmgen.optimizedWordMultiplications) {
-                                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                                    translateExpressionInternal(left)
                                     asmgen.out(" jsr  prog8_lib.neg_w |  jsr  math.stack_mul_word_${amount.absoluteValue}")
-                                    return
+                                    return true
                                 }
                             }
                             else -> {}
@@ -518,50 +556,87 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             "/" -> {
                 if(leftDt in IntegerDatatypes && rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                    val rightVal = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                    val rightVal = right.asConstInteger()
                     if(rightVal!=null && rightVal==2) {
-                        translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
-                        when(leftDt) {
-                            DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("  lsr  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
-                            DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("  lda  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x |  asl  a |  ror  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
-                            DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("  lsr  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  ror  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
-                            DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("  lda  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  asl  a |  ror  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  ror  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
-                            else -> throw AssemblyError("wrong dt")
+                        translateExpressionInternal(left)
+                        when (leftDt) {
+                            DataType.UBYTE -> {
+                                asmgen.out("  lsr  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
+                            }
+                            DataType.UWORD -> {
+                                asmgen.out("  lsr  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  ror  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
+                            }
+                            DataType.BYTE -> {
+                                // signed divide using shift needs adjusting of negative value to get correct rounding towards zero
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                                    lda  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
+                                    bpl  +
+                                    inc  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
+                                    lda  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
++                                   asl  a
+                                    ror  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x""")
+                            }
+                            DataType.WORD -> {
+                                // signed divide using shift needs adjusting of negative value to get correct rounding towards zero
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                                    lda  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x
+                                    bpl  ++
+                                    inc  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
+                                    bne  +
+                                    inc  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x
++                                   lda  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x
++                                   asl  a
+                                    ror  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x
+                                    ror  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x""")
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird dt")
                         }
-                        return
+                        return true
                     }
                 }
             }
-            in ComparisonOperators -> {
-                if(leftDt in NumericDatatypes && rightDt in NumericDatatypes) {
-                    val rightVal = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
-                    if(rightVal==0)
-                        return translateComparisonWithZero(expr.left, leftDt, expr.operator)
-                }
-            }
         }
 
-        if((leftDt in ByteDatatypes && rightDt !in ByteDatatypes)
-                || (leftDt in WordDatatypes && rightDt !in WordDatatypes))
-            throw AssemblyError("binary operator ${expr.operator} left/right dt not identical")
-
-        if(leftDt==DataType.STR && rightDt==DataType.STR && expr.operator in ComparisonOperators) {
-            translateCompareStrings(expr.left, expr.operator, expr.right)
-        }
-        else {
-            // the general, non-optimized cases  TODO optimize more cases.... (or one day just don't use the evalstack at all anymore)
-            translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
-            translateExpressionInternal(expr.right)
-            when (leftDt) {
-                in ByteDatatypes -> translateBinaryOperatorBytes(expr.operator, leftDt)
-                in WordDatatypes -> translateBinaryOperatorWords(expr.operator, leftDt)
-                DataType.FLOAT -> translateBinaryOperatorFloats(expr.operator)
-                else -> throw AssemblyError("non-numerical datatype")
-            }
-        }
+        return false
     }
 
-    private fun translateComparisonWithZero(expr: Expression, dt: DataType, operator: String) {
+    private fun translateComparisonWithZero(expr: PtExpression, dt: DataType, operator: String) {
+        if(expr.isSimple()) {
+            if(operator=="!=") {
+                when (dt) {
+                    in ByteDatatypes -> {
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr, RegisterOrPair.A, dt == DataType.BYTE)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            beq  +
+                            lda  #1
++                           sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
+                            dex""")
+                        return
+                    }
+                    in WordDatatypes -> {
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr, RegisterOrPair.AY, dt == DataType.WORD)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1 
+                            ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+                            beq  +
+                            lda  #1
++                           sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
+                            dex""")
+                        return
+                    }
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(expr, RegisterOrPair.FAC1, true)
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            jsr  floats.SIGN
+                            sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
+                            dex""")
+                        return
+                    }
+                    else -> {}
+                }
+            }
+            /* operator == is not worth it to special case, the code is mostly larger */
+        }
         translateExpressionInternal(expr)
         when(operator) {
             "==" -> {
@@ -582,7 +657,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             "<" -> {
                 if(dt==DataType.UBYTE || dt==DataType.UWORD)
-                    return translateExpressionInternal(NumericLiteral.fromBoolean(false, expr.position))
+                    return translateExpressionInternal(PtNumber.fromBoolean(false, expr.position))
                 when(dt) {
                     DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.lesszero_b")
                     DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.lesszero_w")
@@ -603,7 +678,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             "<=" -> {
                 when(dt) {
                     DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.equalzero_b")
-                    DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.lessequalzeros_b")
+                    DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.lessequalzero_sb")
                     DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.equalzero_w")
                     DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.lessequalzero_sw")
                     DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.lessequal_zero")
@@ -612,7 +687,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             ">=" -> {
                 if(dt==DataType.UBYTE || dt==DataType.UWORD)
-                    return translateExpressionInternal(NumericLiteral.fromBoolean(true, expr.position))
+                    return translateExpressionInternal(PtNumber.fromBoolean(true, expr.position))
                 when(dt) {
                     DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.greaterequalzero_sb")
                     DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.greaterequalzero_sw")
@@ -624,7 +699,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateSquared(variable: IdentifierReference, dt: DataType) {
+    private fun translateSquared(variable: PtIdentifier, dt: DataType) {
         val asmVar = asmgen.asmVariableName(variable)
         when(dt) {
             DataType.BYTE, DataType.UBYTE -> {
@@ -640,14 +715,12 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  tya |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(expr: PrefixExpression) {
-        translateExpressionInternal(expr.expression)
-        val itype = expr.inferType(program)
-        val type = itype.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: PtPrefix) {
+        translateExpressionInternal(expr.value)
         when(expr.operator) {
             "+" -> {}
             "-" -> {
-                when(type) {
+                when(expr.type) {
                     in ByteDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.neg_b")
                     in WordDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.neg_w")
                     DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.neg_f")
@@ -655,7 +728,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 }
             }
             "~" -> {
-                when(type) {
+                when(expr.type) {
                     in ByteDatatypes ->
                         asmgen.out("""
                             lda  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
@@ -666,33 +739,35 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
                 }
             }
-            "not" -> {
-                when(type) {
-                    // if reg==0 ->
-                    /*
-        lda  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
-		beq  +
-		lda  #1
-+		eor  #1
-		sta  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
-		rts
-                     */
-                    in ByteDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.not_byte")
-                    in WordDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.not_word")
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
-                }
-            }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid prefix operator ${expr.operator}")
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(arrayExpr: ArrayIndexedExpression) {
-        val elementIDt = arrayExpr.inferType(program)
-        if(!elementIDt.isKnown)
-            throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
-        val elementDt = elementIDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
-        val arrayVarName = asmgen.asmVariableName(arrayExpr.arrayvar)
-        val constIndexNum = arrayExpr.indexer.constIndex()
+    private fun translateExpression(arrayExpr: PtArrayIndexer) {
+        val elementDt = arrayExpr.type
+        val arrayVarName = asmgen.asmVariableName(arrayExpr.variable)
+
+        if(arrayExpr.variable.type==DataType.UWORD) {
+            // indexing a pointer var instead of a real array or string
+            if(elementDt !in ByteDatatypes)
+                throw AssemblyError("non-array var indexing requires bytes dt")
+            if(arrayExpr.index.type != DataType.UBYTE)
+                throw AssemblyError("non-array var indexing requires bytes index")
+            asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(arrayExpr, elementDt, CpuRegister.Y)
+            if(asmgen.isZpVar(arrayExpr.variable)) {
+                asmgen.out("  lda  ($arrayVarName),y")
+            } else {
+                asmgen.out("  lda  $arrayVarName |  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1 |  lda  $arrayVarName+1 |  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1")
+                asmgen.out("  lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1),y")
+            }
+            asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  dex")
+            return
+        }
+
+        if(arrayExpr.splitWords)
+            TODO("split words expression ${arrayExpr.position}")
+
+        val constIndexNum = arrayExpr.index.asConstInteger()
         if(constIndexNum!=null) {
             val indexValue = constIndexNum * program.memsizer.memorySize(elementDt)
             when(elementDt) {
@@ -767,9 +842,6 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             "&" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.bitand_b")
             "^" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.bitxor_b")
             "|" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.bitor_b")
-            "and" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.and_b")
-            "or" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.or_b")
-            "xor" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.xor_b")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator $operator")
         }
     }
@@ -801,9 +873,6 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             "&" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.bitand_w")
             "^" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.bitxor_w")
             "|" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.bitor_w")
-            "and" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.and_w")
-            "or" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.or_w")
-            "xor" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.xor_w")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator $operator")
         }
     }
@@ -820,15 +889,19 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             ">=" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.greatereq_f")
             "==" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.equal_f")
             "!=" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.notequal_f")
-            "%", "<<", ">>", "&", "^", "|", "and", "or", "xor" -> throw AssemblyError("requires integer datatype")
+            "%", "<<", ">>", "&", "^", "|" -> throw AssemblyError("requires integer datatype")
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator $operator")
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateCompareStrings(s1: Expression, operator: String, s2: Expression) {
-        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(s1, "prog8_lib.strcmp_expression._arg_s1", DataType.UWORD, null)
-        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(s2, "prog8_lib.strcmp_expression._arg_s2", DataType.UWORD, null)
+    private fun translateCompareStrings(s1: PtExpression, operator: String, s2: PtExpression) {
+        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(s1, "prog8_lib.strcmp_expression._arg_s1", DataType.UWORD)
+        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(s2, "prog8_lib.strcmp_expression._arg_s2", DataType.UWORD)
         asmgen.out(" jsr  prog8_lib.strcmp_expression")    // result  of compare is in A
+        compareStringsProcessResultInA(operator)
+    }
+
+    private fun compareStringsProcessResultInA(operator: String) {
         when(operator) {
             "==" -> asmgen.out(" and  #1 |  eor  #1 |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x")
             "!=" -> asmgen.out(" and  #1 |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x")

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/Extensions.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
+
+import prog8.code.ast.IPtSubroutine
+import prog8.code.ast.PtAsmSub
+import prog8.code.ast.PtSub
+import prog8.code.core.*
+
+
+internal fun IPtSubroutine.regXasResult(): Boolean =
+    (this is PtAsmSub) && this.returns.any { it.first.registerOrPair in arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.X, RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.XY) }
+
+internal fun IPtSubroutine.shouldSaveX(): Boolean =
+    this.regXasResult() || (this is PtAsmSub && (CpuRegister.X in this.clobbers || regXasParam()))
+
+internal fun PtAsmSub.regXasParam(): Boolean =
+    parameters.any { it.first.registerOrPair in arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.X, RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.XY) }
+
+internal class KeepAresult(val saveOnEntry: Boolean, val saveOnReturn: Boolean)
+
+internal fun PtAsmSub.shouldKeepA(): KeepAresult {
+    // determine if A's value should be kept when preparing for calling the subroutine, and when returning from it
+
+    // it seems that we never have to save A when calling? will be loaded correctly after setup.
+    // but on return it depends on wether the routine returns something in A.
+    val saveAonReturn = returns.any { it.first.registerOrPair==RegisterOrPair.A || it.first.registerOrPair==RegisterOrPair.AY || it.first.registerOrPair==RegisterOrPair.AX }
+    return KeepAresult(false, saveAonReturn)
+}
+
+internal fun IPtSubroutine.returnsWhatWhere(): List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, DataType>> {
+    when(this) {
+        is PtAsmSub -> {
+            return returns
+        }
+        is PtSub -> {
+            // for non-asm subroutines, determine the return registers based on the type of the return value
+            return if(returntype==null)
+                emptyList()
+            else {
+                val register = when (returntype!!) {
+                    in ByteDatatypes -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.A, null)
+                    in WordDatatypes -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.AY, null)
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.FAC1, null)
+                    else -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.AY, null)
+                }
+                listOf(Pair(register, returntype!!))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+internal fun PtSub.returnRegister(): RegisterOrStatusflag? {
+    return when(returntype) {
+        in ByteDatatypes -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.A, null)
+        in WordDatatypes -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.AY, null)
+        DataType.FLOAT -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.FAC1, null)
+        null -> null
+        else -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.AY, null)
+    }
+}

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/ForLoopsAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,46 +1,43 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
 import com.github.michaelbull.result.fold
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
-import prog8.ast.expressions.RangeExpression
-import prog8.ast.statements.ForLoop
+import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
 
-internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen, private val zeropage: Zeropage) {
+internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
+                              private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal,
+                              private val zeropage: Zeropage) {
 
-    internal fun translate(stmt: ForLoop) {
-        val iterableDt = stmt.iterable.inferType(program)
-        if(!iterableDt.isKnown)
-            throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
+    internal fun translate(stmt: PtForLoop) {
+        val iterableDt = stmt.iterable.type
         when(stmt.iterable) {
-            is RangeExpression -> {
-                val range = (stmt.iterable as RangeExpression).toConstantIntegerRange()
+            is PtRange -> {
+                val range = (stmt.iterable as PtRange).toConstantIntegerRange()
                 if(range==null) {
-                    translateForOverNonconstRange(stmt, iterableDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }, stmt.iterable as RangeExpression)
+                    translateForOverNonconstRange(stmt, iterableDt, stmt.iterable as PtRange)
                 } else {
-                    translateForOverConstRange(stmt, iterableDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }, range)
+                    translateForOverConstRange(stmt, iterableDt, range)
                 }
             }
-            is IdentifierReference -> {
-                translateForOverIterableVar(stmt, iterableDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }, stmt.iterable as IdentifierReference)
+            is PtIdentifier -> {
+                translateForOverIterableVar(stmt, iterableDt, stmt.iterable as PtIdentifier)
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("can't iterate over ${stmt.iterable.javaClass} - should have been replaced by a variable")
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateForOverNonconstRange(stmt: ForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, range: RangeExpression) {
+    private fun translateForOverNonconstRange(stmt: PtForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, range: PtRange) {
         val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
         val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         val modifiedLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_modified")
         val modifiedLabel2 = asmgen.makeLabel("for_modifiedb")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
-        val stepsize=range.step.constValue(program)!!.number.toInt()
+        val stepsize=range.step.asConstInteger()!!
 
         if(stepsize < -1) {
-            val limit = range.to.constValue(program)?.number
-            if(limit==0.0)
+            val limit = range.to.asConstInteger()
+            if(limit==0)
                 throw AssemblyError("for unsigned loop variable it's not possible to count down with step != -1 from a non-const value to exactly zero due to value wrapping")
         }
 
@@ -52,11 +49,39 @@ internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen:
 
                     val incdec = if(stepsize==1) "inc" else "dec"
                     // loop over byte range via loopvar
-                    val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
-                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.from, varname, ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt), null)
-                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.to, "$modifiedLabel+1", ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt), null)
+                    val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.from, varname, ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt))
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(range.to, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
+                    // pre-check for end already reached
+                    if(iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_B) {
+                        asmgen.out("  sta  $modifiedLabel+1")
+                        if(stepsize<0)
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                                clc
+                                sbc  $varname
+                                bvc  +
+                                eor  #${'$'}80
++                               bpl  $endLabel""")
+                        else
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                                sec
+                                sbc  $varname
+                                bvc  +
+                                eor  #${'$'}80
++                               bmi  $endLabel""")
+                    } else {
+                        if(stepsize<0)
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                                cmp  $varname
+                                beq  +
+                                bcs  $endLabel
++""")
+                        else
+                            asmgen.out("  cmp  $varname  |  bcc  $endLabel")
+                        asmgen.out("  sta  $modifiedLabel+1")
+                    }
                     asmgen.out(loopLabel)
-                    asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                    asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
                     asmgen.out("""
                         lda  $varname
 $modifiedLabel          cmp  #0         ; modified 
@@ -70,11 +95,39 @@ $modifiedLabel          cmp  #0         ; modified
                     // bytes, step >= 2 or <= -2
 
                     // loop over byte range via loopvar
-                    val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
-                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.from, varname, ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt), null)
-                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.to, "$modifiedLabel+1", ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt), null)
+                    val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.from, varname, ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt))
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(range.to, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
+                    // pre-check for end already reached
+                    if(iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_B) {
+                        asmgen.out("  sta  $modifiedLabel+1")
+                        if(stepsize<0)
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                                clc
+                                sbc  $varname
+                                bvc  +
+                                eor  #${'$'}80
++                               bpl  $endLabel""")
+                        else
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                                sec
+                                sbc  $varname
+                                bvc  +
+                                eor  #${'$'}80
++                               bmi  $endLabel""")
+                    } else {
+                        if(stepsize<0)
+                            asmgen.out("""
+                                cmp  $varname
+                                beq  +
+                                bcs  $endLabel
++""")
+                        else
+                            asmgen.out("  cmp  $varname  |  bcc  $endLabel")
+                        asmgen.out("  sta  $modifiedLabel+1")
+                    }
                     asmgen.out(loopLabel)
-                    asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                    asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
                     if(stepsize>0) {
                         asmgen.out("""
                             lda  $varname
@@ -102,14 +155,15 @@ $modifiedLabel              cmp  #0     ; modified
                     // words, step 1 or -1
 
                     stepsize == 1 || stepsize == -1 -> {
-                        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
-                        assignLoopvar(stmt, range)
+                        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
+                        assignLoopvarWord(stmt, range)
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(range.to, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                        precheckFromToWord(iterableDt, stepsize, varname, endLabel)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             sty  $modifiedLabel+1
                             sta  $modifiedLabel2+1
 $loopLabel""")
-                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
                         asmgen.out("""
                 lda  $varname+1
 $modifiedLabel  cmp  #0    ; modified 
@@ -136,14 +190,15 @@ $modifiedLabel2 cmp  #0    ; modified
                     stepsize > 0 -> {
 
                         // (u)words, step >= 2
-                        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
-                        assignLoopvar(stmt, range)
+                        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
+                        assignLoopvarWord(stmt, range)
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(range.to, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                        precheckFromToWord(iterableDt, stepsize, varname, endLabel)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             sty  $modifiedLabel+1
                             sta  $modifiedLabel2+1
 $loopLabel""")
-                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
 
                         if (iterableDt == DataType.ARRAY_UW) {
                             asmgen.out("""
@@ -184,14 +239,15 @@ $endLabel""")
                     else -> {
 
                         // (u)words, step <= -2
-                        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
-                        assignLoopvar(stmt, range)
+                        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
+                        assignLoopvarWord(stmt, range)
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(range.to, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                        precheckFromToWord(iterableDt, stepsize, varname, endLabel)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             sty  $modifiedLabel+1
                             sta  $modifiedLabel2+1
 $loopLabel""")
-                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
 
                         if(iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_UW) {
                             asmgen.out("""
@@ -237,12 +293,68 @@ $endLabel""")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun translateForOverIterableVar(stmt: ForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, ident: IdentifierReference) {
+    private fun precheckFromToWord(iterableDt: DataType, stepsize: Int, fromVar: String, endLabel: String) {
+        // pre-check for end already reached.
+        // 'to' is in AY, do NOT clobber this!
+        if(iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_W) {
+            if(stepsize<0)
+                asmgen.out("""
+                    sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2        ; to
+                    sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1      ; to
+                    lda  $fromVar
+	                cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
+                    lda  $fromVar+1
+	                sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
+	                bvc  +
+	                eor  #${'$'}80
++           		bmi  $endLabel
+                    lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2
+                    ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1""")
+            else
+                asmgen.out("""
+                    sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+	                cmp  $fromVar
+	                tya
+	                sbc  $fromVar+1
+	                bvc  +
+	                eor  #${'$'}80
++           		bmi  $endLabel
+                    lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG""")
+        } else {
+            if(stepsize<0)
+                asmgen.out("""
+                    cpy  $fromVar+1
+                    beq  +
+                    bcc  ++
+                    bcs  $endLabel
++                   cmp  $fromVar
+                    bcc  +
+                    beq  +
+                    bne  $endLabel
++""")
+            else
+                asmgen.out("""
+                	cpy  $fromVar+1
+	                bcc  $endLabel
+	                bne  +
+	                cmp  $fromVar
+	                bcc  $endLabel
++""")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateForOverIterableVar(stmt: PtForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, ident: PtIdentifier) {
         val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
         val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
         val iterableName = asmgen.asmVariableName(ident)
-        val decl = ident.targetVarDecl(program)!!
+        val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(ident.name)
+        val decl = symbol!!.astNode as IPtVariable
+        val numElements = when(decl) {
+            is PtConstant -> throw AssemblyError("length of non-array requested")
+            is PtMemMapped -> decl.arraySize
+            is PtVariable -> decl.arraySize
+        }
         when(iterableDt) {
             DataType.STR -> {
                 asmgen.out("""
@@ -252,8 +364,8 @@ $endLabel""")
                     sty  $loopLabel+2
 $loopLabel          lda  ${65535.toHex()}       ; modified
                     beq  $endLabel
-                    sta  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)}""")
-                asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                    sta  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)}""")
+                asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
                 asmgen.out("""
                     inc  $loopLabel+1
                     bne  $loopLabel
@@ -262,19 +374,18 @@ $loopLabel          lda  ${65535.toHex()}       ; modified
 $endLabel""")
             }
             DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
-                val length = decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()!!
                 val indexVar = asmgen.makeLabel("for_index")
                 asmgen.out("""
                     ldy  #0
 $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                     lda  $iterableName,y
-                    sta  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)}""")
-                asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
-                if(length<=255) {
+                    sta  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)}""")
+                asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
+                if(numElements!!<=255u) {
                     asmgen.out("""
                         ldy  $indexVar
                         iny
-                        cpy  #$length
+                        cpy  #$numElements
                         beq  $endLabel
                         bne  $loopLabel""")
                 } else {
@@ -285,9 +396,9 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                         bne  $loopLabel
                         beq  $endLabel""")
                 }
-                if(length>=16) {
+                if(numElements>=16u) {
                     // allocate index var on ZP if possible
-                    val result = zeropage.allocate(listOf(indexVar), DataType.UBYTE, null, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
+                    val result = zeropage.allocate(indexVar, DataType.UBYTE, null, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
                     result.fold(
                         success = { (address,_)-> asmgen.out("""$indexVar = $address  ; auto zp UBYTE""") },
                         failure = { asmgen.out("$indexVar    .byte  0") }
@@ -298,9 +409,9 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                 asmgen.out(endLabel)
             }
             DataType.ARRAY_W, DataType.ARRAY_UW -> {
-                val length = decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()!! * 2
+                val length = numElements!! * 2u
                 val indexVar = asmgen.makeLabel("for_index")
-                val loopvarName = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+                val loopvarName = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
                 asmgen.out("""
                     ldy  #0
 $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
@@ -308,8 +419,8 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                     sta  $loopvarName
                     lda  $iterableName+1,y
                     sta  $loopvarName+1""")
-                asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
-                if(length<=127) {
+                asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
+                if(length<=127u) {
                     asmgen.out("""
                         ldy  $indexVar
                         iny
@@ -326,11 +437,50 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                         bne  $loopLabel
                         beq  $endLabel""")
                 }
-                if(length>=16) {
+                if(length>=16u) {
                     // allocate index var on ZP if possible
-                    val result = zeropage.allocate(listOf(indexVar), DataType.UBYTE, null, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
+                    val result = zeropage.allocate(indexVar, DataType.UBYTE, null, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
                     result.fold(
-                        success = { (address,_)-> asmgen.out("""$indexVar = $address  ; auto zp UBYTE""") },
+                        success = { (address,_,_)-> asmgen.out("""$indexVar = $address  ; auto zp UBYTE""") },
+                        failure = { asmgen.out("$indexVar    .byte  0") }
+                    )
+                } else {
+                    asmgen.out("$indexVar    .byte  0")
+                }
+                asmgen.out(endLabel)
+            }
+            DataType.ARRAY_UW_SPLIT, DataType.ARRAY_W_SPLIT -> {
+                numElements!!
+                val indexVar = asmgen.makeLabel("for_index")
+                val loopvarName = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
+                asmgen.out("""
+                    ldy  #0
+$loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
+                    lda  ${iterableName}_lsb,y
+                    sta  $loopvarName
+                    lda  ${iterableName}_msb,y
+                    sta  $loopvarName+1""")
+                asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
+                if(numElements<=255u) {
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        ldy  $indexVar
+                        iny
+                        cpy  #$numElements
+                        beq  $endLabel
+                        bne  $loopLabel""")
+                } else {
+                    // length is 256
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        ldy  $indexVar
+                        iny
+                        bne  $loopLabel
+                        beq  $endLabel""")
+                }
+                if(numElements>=16u) {
+                    // allocate index var on ZP if possible
+                    val result = zeropage.allocate(indexVar, DataType.UBYTE, null, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
+                    result.fold(
+                        success = { (address,_,_)-> asmgen.out("""$indexVar = $address  ; auto zp UBYTE""") },
                         failure = { asmgen.out("$indexVar    .byte  0") }
                     )
                 } else {
@@ -346,7 +496,7 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun translateForOverConstRange(stmt: ForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, range: IntProgression) {
+    private fun translateForOverConstRange(stmt: PtForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, range: IntProgression) {
         if (range.isEmpty() || range.step==0)
             throw AssemblyError("empty range or step 0")
         if(iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_B || iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_UB) {
@@ -365,12 +515,12 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
         when(iterableDt) {
             DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UB -> {
                 // loop over byte range via loopvar, step >= 2 or <= -2
-                val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+                val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
                 asmgen.out("""
                             lda  #${range.first}
                             sta  $varname
 $loopLabel""")
-                asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
                 when (range.step) {
                     0, 1, -1 -> {
                         throw AssemblyError("step 0, 1 and -1 should have been handled specifically  $stmt")
@@ -430,7 +580,7 @@ $loopLabel""")
             }
             DataType.ARRAY_W, DataType.ARRAY_UW -> {
                 // loop over word range via loopvar, step >= 2 or <= -2
-                val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+                val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
                 when (range.step) {
                     0, 1, -1 -> {
                         throw AssemblyError("step 0, 1 and -1 should have been handled specifically  $stmt")
@@ -444,7 +594,7 @@ $loopLabel""")
                             sta  $varname
                             sty  $varname+1
 $loopLabel""")
-                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             lda  $varname
                             cmp  #<${range.last}
@@ -470,16 +620,16 @@ $loopLabel""")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun translateForSimpleByteRangeAsc(stmt: ForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
+    private fun translateForSimpleByteRangeAsc(stmt: PtForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
         val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
         val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
-        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
         asmgen.out("""
                 lda  #${range.first}
                 sta  $varname
 $loopLabel""")
-        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
         if (range.last == 255) {
             asmgen.out("""
                 inc  $varname
@@ -496,16 +646,16 @@ $endLabel""")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun translateForSimpleByteRangeDesc(stmt: ForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
+    private fun translateForSimpleByteRangeDesc(stmt: PtForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
         val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
         val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
-        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
         asmgen.out("""
                     lda  #${range.first}
                     sta  $varname
 $loopLabel""")
-        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
         when (range.last) {
             0 -> {
                 asmgen.out("""
@@ -533,18 +683,18 @@ $endLabel""")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun translateForSimpleWordRangeAsc(stmt: ForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
+    private fun translateForSimpleWordRangeAsc(stmt: PtForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
         val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
         val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
-        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
         asmgen.out("""
             lda  #<${range.first}
             ldy  #>${range.first}
             sta  $varname
             sty  $varname+1
 $loopLabel""")
-        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
         asmgen.out("""
             lda  $varname
             cmp  #<${range.last}
@@ -560,18 +710,18 @@ $loopLabel""")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun translateForSimpleWordRangeDesc(stmt: ForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
+    private fun translateForSimpleWordRangeDesc(stmt: PtForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
         val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
         val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
-        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
         asmgen.out("""
             lda  #<${range.first}
             ldy  #>${range.first}
             sta  $varname
             sty  $varname+1
 $loopLabel""")
-        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
         asmgen.out("""
             lda  $varname
             cmp  #<${range.last}
@@ -588,10 +738,9 @@ $loopLabel""")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun assignLoopvar(stmt: ForLoop, range: RangeExpression) =
+    private fun assignLoopvarWord(stmt: PtForLoop, range: PtRange) =
         asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(
             range.from,
-            asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar),
-            stmt.loopVarDt(program).getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") },
-            stmt.definingSubroutine)
+            asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable),
+            stmt.variable.type)
 }

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/FunctionCallAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,13 +1,6 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
-import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
-import prog8.ast.Node
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.expressions.AddressOf
-import prog8.ast.expressions.Expression
-import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
-import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteral
-import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.AsmAssignSource
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.AsmAssignTarget
@@ -15,78 +8,60 @@ import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.AsmAssignment
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.TargetStorageKind
 
 
-internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
+internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram, private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal) {
 
-    internal fun translateFunctionCallStatement(stmt: FunctionCallStatement) {
+    internal fun translateFunctionCallStatement(stmt: PtFunctionCall) {
         saveXbeforeCall(stmt)
-        translateFunctionCall(stmt, false)
+        translateFunctionCall(stmt)
         restoreXafterCall(stmt)
         // just ignore any result values from the function call.
     }
 
-    internal fun saveXbeforeCall(stmt: IFunctionCall) {
-        val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
+    internal fun saveXbeforeCall(stmt: PtFunctionCall) {
+        val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(stmt.name)
+        val sub = symbol!!.astNode as IPtSubroutine
         if(sub.shouldSaveX()) {
-            val regSaveOnStack = sub.asmAddress==null       // rom-routines don't require registers to be saved on stack, normal subroutines do because they can contain nested calls
-            if(regSaveOnStack)
-                asmgen.saveRegisterStack(CpuRegister.X, sub.shouldKeepA().saveOnEntry)
-            else
-                asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, (stmt as Node).definingSubroutine!!)
+            if(sub is PtAsmSub) {
+                val regSaveOnStack = sub.address == null       // rom-routines don't require registers to be saved on stack, normal subroutines do because they can contain nested calls
+                if (regSaveOnStack)
+                    asmgen.saveRegisterStack(CpuRegister.X, sub.shouldKeepA().saveOnEntry)
+                else
+                    asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, stmt.definingISub()!!)
+            } else
+                asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, stmt.definingISub()!!)
         }
     }
 
-    internal fun saveXbeforeCall(gosub: GoSub) {
-        val sub = gosub.identifier.targetSubroutine(program)
-        if(sub?.shouldSaveX()==true) {
-            val regSaveOnStack = sub.asmAddress==null       // rom-routines don't require registers to be saved on stack, normal subroutines do because they can contain nested calls
-            if(regSaveOnStack)
-                asmgen.saveRegisterStack(CpuRegister.X, sub.shouldKeepA().saveOnEntry)
-            else
-                asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, gosub.definingSubroutine!!)
-        }
-    }
-
-    internal fun restoreXafterCall(stmt: IFunctionCall) {
-        val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
+    internal fun restoreXafterCall(stmt: PtFunctionCall) {
+        val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(stmt.name)
+        val sub = symbol!!.astNode as IPtSubroutine
         if(sub.shouldSaveX()) {
-            val regSaveOnStack = sub.asmAddress==null       // rom-routines don't require registers to be saved on stack, normal subroutines do because they can contain nested calls
-            if(regSaveOnStack)
-                asmgen.restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.X, sub.shouldKeepA().saveOnReturn)
-            else
+            if(sub is PtAsmSub) {
+                val regSaveOnStack = sub.address == null       // rom-routines don't require registers to be saved on stack, normal subroutines do because they can contain nested calls
+                if (regSaveOnStack)
+                    asmgen.restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.X, sub.shouldKeepA().saveOnReturn)
+                else
+                    asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
+            } else
                 asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
         }
     }
 
-    internal fun restoreXafterCall(gosub: GoSub) {
-        val sub = gosub.identifier.targetSubroutine(program)
-        if(sub?.shouldSaveX()==true) {
-            val regSaveOnStack = sub.asmAddress==null       // rom-routines don't require registers to be saved on stack, normal subroutines do because they can contain nested calls
-            if(regSaveOnStack)
-                asmgen.restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.X, sub.shouldKeepA().saveOnReturn)
-            else
-                asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
-        }
-    }
-
-    internal fun optimizeIntArgsViaRegisters(sub: Subroutine) =
+    internal fun optimizeIntArgsViaRegisters(sub: PtSub) =
         (sub.parameters.size==1 && sub.parameters[0].type in IntegerDatatypes)
                 || (sub.parameters.size==2 && sub.parameters[0].type in ByteDatatypes && sub.parameters[1].type in ByteDatatypes)
 
-    internal fun translateFunctionCall(call: IFunctionCall, isExpression: Boolean) {
+    internal fun translateFunctionCall(call: PtFunctionCall) {
         // Output only the code to set up the parameters and perform the actual call
         // NOTE: does NOT output the code to deal with the result values!
         // NOTE: does NOT output code to save/restore the X register for this call! Every caller should deal with this in their own way!!
         //       (you can use subroutine.shouldSaveX() and saveX()/restoreX() routines as a help for this)
 
-        val sub = call.target.targetSubroutine(program) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${call.target}")
-        val subAsmName = asmgen.asmSymbolName(call.target)
+        val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(call.name)
+        val sub = symbol!!.astNode as IPtSubroutine
+        val subAsmName = asmgen.asmSymbolName(call.name)
 
-        if(!isExpression && !sub.isAsmSubroutine) {
-            if(!optimizeIntArgsViaRegisters(sub))
-                throw AssemblyError("functioncall statements to non-asmsub should have been replaced by GoSub $call")
-        }
-
-        if(sub.isAsmSubroutine) {
+        if(sub is PtAsmSub) {
             argumentsViaRegisters(sub, call)
             if (sub.inline && asmgen.options.optimize) {
                 // inline the subroutine.
@@ -94,16 +69,13 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                 // NOTE: *if* there is a return statement, it will be the only one, and the very last statement of the subroutine
                 // (this condition has been enforced by an ast check earlier)
                 asmgen.out("  \t; inlined routine follows: ${sub.name}")
-                sub.statements.forEach { asmgen.translate(it as InlineAssembly) }
+                sub.children.forEach { asmgen.translate(it as PtInlineAssembly) }
                 asmgen.out("  \t; inlined routine end: ${sub.name}")
             } else {
                 asmgen.out("  jsr  $subAsmName")
             }
         }
-        else {
-            if(sub.inline)
-                throw AssemblyError("can only reliably inline asmsub routines at this time")
-
+        else if(sub is PtSub) {
             if(optimizeIntArgsViaRegisters(sub)) {
                 if(sub.parameters.size==1) {
                     val register = if (sub.parameters[0].type in ByteDatatypes) RegisterOrPair.A else RegisterOrPair.AY
@@ -111,10 +83,10 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                 } else {
                     // 2 byte params, second in Y, first in A
                     argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(0, sub.parameters[0]), call.args[0], RegisterOrPair.A)
-                    if(!call.args[1].isSimple)
+                    if(asmgen.needAsaveForExpr(call.args[1]))
                         asmgen.out("  pha")
                     argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(1, sub.parameters[1]), call.args[1], RegisterOrPair.Y)
-                    if(!call.args[1].isSimple)
+                    if(asmgen.needAsaveForExpr(call.args[1]))
                         asmgen.out("  pla")
                 }
             } else {
@@ -124,84 +96,82 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
             }
             asmgen.out("  jsr  $subAsmName")
         }
+        else throw AssemblyError("invalid sub type")
 
         // remember: dealing with the X register and/or dealing with return values is the responsibility of the caller
     }
 
-    private fun argumentsViaRegisters(sub: Subroutine, call: IFunctionCall) {
+    private fun argumentsViaRegisters(sub: PtAsmSub, call: PtFunctionCall) {
         if(sub.parameters.size==1) {
-            argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(0, sub.parameters.single()), call.args[0])
+            argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(0, sub.parameters.single().second), call.args[0])
         } else {
-            if(asmsub6502ArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk(call.args, sub.asmParameterRegisters)) {
+            if(asmsub6502ArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk(call.args, sub.parameters)) {
                 registerArgsViaCpuStackEvaluation(call, sub)
             } else {
                 asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder(sub).forEach {
                     val param = sub.parameters[it]
                     val arg = call.args[it]
-                    argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(it, param), arg)
+                    argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(it, param.second), arg)
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    private fun registerArgsViaCpuStackEvaluation(call: IFunctionCall, callee: Subroutine) {
+    private fun registerArgsViaCpuStackEvaluation(call: PtFunctionCall, callee: PtAsmSub) {
         // this is called when one or more of the arguments are 'complex' and
         // cannot be assigned to a register easily or risk clobbering other registers.
 
-        require(callee.isAsmSubroutine)
         if(callee.parameters.isEmpty())
             return
 
         // use the cpu hardware stack as intermediate storage for the arguments.
         val argOrder = asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder(callee)
         argOrder.reversed().forEach {
-            asmgen.pushCpuStack(callee.parameters[it].type, call.args[it])
+            asmgen.pushCpuStack(callee.parameters[it].second.type, call.args[it])
         }
         argOrder.forEach {
             val param = callee.parameters[it]
-            val targetVar = callee.searchAsmParameter(param.name)!!
-            asmgen.popCpuStack(param.type, targetVar, (call as Node).definingSubroutine)
+            asmgen.popCpuStack(callee, param.second, param.first)
         }
     }
 
-    private fun argumentViaVariable(sub: Subroutine, parameter: SubroutineParameter, value: Expression) {
+    private fun argumentViaVariable(sub: PtSub, parameter: PtSubroutineParameter, value: PtExpression) {
         // pass parameter via a regular variable (not via registers)
-        val valueIDt = value.inferType(program)
-        val valueDt = valueIDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
-        if(!isArgumentTypeCompatible(valueDt, parameter.type))
+        if(!isArgumentTypeCompatible(value.type, parameter.type))
             throw AssemblyError("argument type incompatible")
 
-        val varName = asmgen.asmVariableName(sub.scopedName + parameter.name)
-        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, varName, parameter.type, sub)
+        val varName = asmgen.asmVariableName(sub.scopedName + "." + parameter.name)
+        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, varName, parameter.type)
     }
 
-    private fun argumentViaRegister(sub: Subroutine, parameter: IndexedValue<SubroutineParameter>, value: Expression, registerOverride: RegisterOrPair? = null) {
+    private fun argumentViaRegister(sub: IPtSubroutine, parameter: IndexedValue<PtSubroutineParameter>, value: PtExpression, registerOverride: RegisterOrPair? = null) {
         // pass argument via a register parameter
-        val valueIDt = value.inferType(program)
-        val valueDt = valueIDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
-        if(!isArgumentTypeCompatible(valueDt, parameter.value.type))
+        if(!isArgumentTypeCompatible(value.type, parameter.value.type))
             throw AssemblyError("argument type incompatible")
 
-        val paramRegister = if(registerOverride==null) sub.asmParameterRegisters[parameter.index] else RegisterOrStatusflag(registerOverride, null)
+        val paramRegister: RegisterOrStatusflag = when(sub) {
+            is PtAsmSub -> if(registerOverride==null) sub.parameters[parameter.index].first else RegisterOrStatusflag(registerOverride, null)
+            is PtSub -> RegisterOrStatusflag(registerOverride!!, null)
+        }
         val statusflag = paramRegister.statusflag
         val register = paramRegister.registerOrPair
         val requiredDt = parameter.value.type
-        if(requiredDt!=valueDt) {
-            if(valueDt largerThan requiredDt)
+        if(requiredDt!=value.type) {
+            if(value.type largerThan requiredDt)
                 throw AssemblyError("can only convert byte values to word param types")
         }
         if (statusflag!=null) {
-            if(requiredDt!=valueDt)
+            if(requiredDt!=value.type)
                 throw AssemblyError("for statusflag, byte value is required")
             if (statusflag == Statusflag.Pc) {
-                // this param needs to be set last, right before the jsr
+                // this boolean param needs to be set last, right before the jsr
                 // for now, this is already enforced on the subroutine definition by the Ast Checker
                 when(value) {
-                    is NumericLiteral -> {
+                    is PtNumber -> {
                         val carrySet = value.number.toInt() != 0
                         asmgen.out(if(carrySet) "  sec" else "  clc")
                     }
-                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                    is PtIdentifier -> {
                         val sourceName = asmgen.asmVariableName(value)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             pha
@@ -213,12 +183,7 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                     }
                     else -> {
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.A)
-                        asmgen.out("""
-                            beq  +
-                            sec
-                            bcs  ++
-+                           clc
-+""")
+                        asmgen.out("  ror  a")
                     }
                 }
             } else throw AssemblyError("can only use Carry as status flag parameter")
@@ -226,22 +191,25 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
         else {
             // via register or register pair
             register!!
-            if(requiredDt largerThan valueDt) {
+            if(requiredDt largerThan value.type) {
                 // we need to sign extend the source, do this via temporary word variable
-                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UBYTE, sub)
-                asmgen.signExtendVariableLsb("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", valueDt)
-                asmgen.assignVariableToRegister("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", register)
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UBYTE)
+                asmgen.signExtendVariableLsb("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", value.type)
+                asmgen.assignVariableToRegister("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", register, null, Position.DUMMY)
             } else {
+                val scope = value.definingISub()
                 val target: AsmAssignTarget =
                     if(parameter.value.type in ByteDatatypes && (register==RegisterOrPair.AX || register == RegisterOrPair.AY || register==RegisterOrPair.XY || register in Cx16VirtualRegisters))
-                        AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, parameter.value.type, sub, register = register)
+                        AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, parameter.value.type, scope, value.position, register = register)
                     else {
                         val signed = parameter.value.type == DataType.BYTE || parameter.value.type == DataType.WORD
-                        AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, signed, sub, program, asmgen)
+                        AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, signed, value.position, scope, asmgen)
                     }
-                val src = if(valueDt in PassByReferenceDatatypes) {
-                    if(value is IdentifierReference) {
-                        val addr = AddressOf(value, Position.DUMMY)
+                val src = if(value.type in PassByReferenceDatatypes) {
+                    if(value is PtIdentifier) {
+                        val addr = PtAddressOf(Position.DUMMY)
+                        addr.add(value)
+                        addr.parent = sub as PtNode
                         AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(addr, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
                     } else {
                         AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(value, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
@@ -249,7 +217,7 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                 } else {
                     AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(value, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
                 }
-                asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(AsmAssignment(src, target, false, program.memsizer, Position.DUMMY))
+                asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(AsmAssignment(src, target, program.memsizer, Position.DUMMY), scope)
             }
         }
     }

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/PostIncrDecrAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
-import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteral
-import prog8.ast.statements.PostIncrDecr
+import prog8.code.ast.PtIdentifier
+import prog8.code.ast.PtNumber
+import prog8.code.ast.PtPostIncrDecr
+import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
 import prog8.code.core.*
 
 
-internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
-    internal fun translate(stmt: PostIncrDecr) {
+internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram, private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal) {
+    internal fun translate(stmt: PtPostIncrDecr) {
         val incr = stmt.operator=="++"
         val targetIdent = stmt.target.identifier
-        val targetMemory = stmt.target.memoryAddress
-        val targetArrayIdx = stmt.target.arrayindexed
-        val scope = stmt.definingSubroutine
+        val targetMemory = stmt.target.memory
+        val targetArrayIdx = stmt.target.array
+        val scope = stmt.definingISub()
         when {
             targetIdent!=null -> {
                 val what = asmgen.asmVariableName(targetIdent)
-                when (stmt.target.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
+                when (stmt.target.type) {
                     in ByteDatatypes -> asmgen.out(if (incr) "  inc  $what" else "  dec  $what")
                     in WordDatatypes -> {
                         if(incr)
@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                 }
             }
             targetMemory!=null -> {
-                when (val addressExpr = targetMemory.addressExpression) {
-                    is NumericLiteral -> {
+                when (val addressExpr = targetMemory.address) {
+                    is PtNumber -> {
                         val what = addressExpr.number.toHex()
                         asmgen.out(if(incr) "  inc  $what" else "  dec  $what")
                     }
-                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                    is PtIdentifier -> {
                         val what = asmgen.asmVariableName(addressExpr)
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $what |  sta  (+) +1 |  lda  $what+1 |  sta  (+) +2")
                         if(incr)
@@ -62,9 +62,34 @@ internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                 }
             }
             targetArrayIdx!=null -> {
-                val asmArrayvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(targetArrayIdx.arrayvar)
-                val elementDt = targetArrayIdx.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
-                val constIndex = targetArrayIdx.indexer.constIndex()
+                val asmArrayvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(targetArrayIdx.variable)
+                val elementDt = targetArrayIdx.type
+                val constIndex = targetArrayIdx.index.asConstInteger()
+                if(targetArrayIdx.splitWords) {
+                    if(constIndex!=null) {
+                        if(incr)
+                            asmgen.out(" inc  ${asmArrayvarname}_lsb+$constIndex |  bne  + |  inc  ${asmArrayvarname}_msb+$constIndex |+")
+                        else
+                            asmgen.out("""
+        lda  ${asmArrayvarname}_lsb+$constIndex
+        bne  +
+        dec  ${asmArrayvarname}_msb+$constIndex
++       dec  ${asmArrayvarname}_lsb+$constIndex""")
+                    } else {
+                        asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, scope!!)
+                        asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(targetArrayIdx, elementDt, CpuRegister.X)
+                        if(incr)
+                            asmgen.out(" inc  ${asmArrayvarname}_lsb,x |  bne  + |  inc  ${asmArrayvarname}_msb,x |+")
+                        else
+                            asmgen.out("""
+        lda  ${asmArrayvarname}_lsb,x
+        bne  +
+        dec  ${asmArrayvarname}_msb,x
++       dec  ${asmArrayvarname}_lsb,x""")
+                        asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
+                    }
+                    return
+                }
                 if(constIndex!=null) {
                     val indexValue = constIndex * program.memsizer.memorySize(elementDt)
                     when(elementDt) {
@@ -74,11 +99,10 @@ internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                                 asmgen.out(" inc  $asmArrayvarname+$indexValue |  bne  + |  inc  $asmArrayvarname+$indexValue+1 |+")
                             else
                                 asmgen.out("""
-    lda  $asmArrayvarname+$indexValue
-    bne  +
-    dec  $asmArrayvarname+$indexValue+1
-+       dec  $asmArrayvarname+$indexValue 
-""")
+        lda  $asmArrayvarname+$indexValue
+        bne  +
+        dec  $asmArrayvarname+$indexValue+1
++       dec  $asmArrayvarname+$indexValue""")
                         }
                         DataType.FLOAT -> {
                             asmgen.out("  lda  #<($asmArrayvarname+$indexValue) |  ldy  #>($asmArrayvarname+$indexValue)")
@@ -89,9 +113,8 @@ internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(targetArrayIdx, elementDt, CpuRegister.A)
                     asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, scope!!)
-                    asmgen.out("  tax")
+                    asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(targetArrayIdx, elementDt, CpuRegister.X)
                     when(elementDt) {
                         in ByteDatatypes -> {
                             asmgen.out(if(incr) "  inc  $asmArrayvarname,x" else "  dec  $asmArrayvarname,x")
@@ -101,20 +124,20 @@ internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                                 asmgen.out(" inc  $asmArrayvarname,x |  bne  + |  inc  $asmArrayvarname+1,x |+")
                             else
                                 asmgen.out("""
-    lda  $asmArrayvarname,x
-    bne  +
-    dec  $asmArrayvarname+1,x
+        lda  $asmArrayvarname,x
+        bne  +
+        dec  $asmArrayvarname+1,x
 +       dec  $asmArrayvarname,x 
 """)
                         }
                         DataType.FLOAT -> {
                             asmgen.out("""
-                    ldy  #>$asmArrayvarname
-                    clc
-                    adc  #<$asmArrayvarname
-                    bcc  +
-                    iny
-+                       jsr  floats.inc_var_f""")
+        ldy  #>$asmArrayvarname
+        clc
+        adc  #<$asmArrayvarname
+        bcc  +
+        iny
++       jsr  floats.inc_var_f""")
                         }
                         else -> throw AssemblyError("weird array elt dt")
                     }

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/ProgramAndVarsGen.kt

@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.antlr.escape
-import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.code.*
+import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.AsmAssignTarget
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.TargetStorageKind
-import prog8.compiler.CallGraph
 import java.time.LocalDate
 import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
@@ -21,30 +18,35 @@ import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
  *  - all variables (note: VarDecl ast nodes are *NOT* used anymore for this! now uses IVariablesAndConsts data tables!)
  */
 internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
-    val program: Program,
+    val program: PtProgram,
     val options: CompilationOptions,
     val errors: IErrorReporter,
     private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
     private val functioncallAsmGen: FunctionCallAsmGen,
-    private val asmgen: AsmGen,
+    private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal,
     private val allocator: VariableAllocator,
     private val zeropage: Zeropage
 ) {
     private val compTarget = options.compTarget
-    private val callGraph = CallGraph(program, true)
-    private val blockVariableInitializers = program.allBlocks.associateWith { it.statements.filterIsInstance<Assignment>() }
+    private val blockVariableInitializers = program.allBlocks().associateWith { it.children.filterIsInstance<PtAssignment>() }
 
     internal fun generate() {
-        val allInitializers = blockVariableInitializers.asSequence().flatMap { it.value }
-        require(allInitializers.all { it.origin==AssignmentOrigin.VARINIT }) {"all block-level assignments must be a variable initializer"}
-
         header()
-        val allBlocks = program.allBlocks
+        val allBlocks = program.allBlocks()
         if(allBlocks.first().name != "main")
             throw AssemblyError("first block should be 'main'")
 
         if(errors.noErrors())  {
-            program.allBlocks.forEach { block2asm(it) }
+            program.allBlocks().forEach { block2asm(it) }
+
+            // the global list of all floating point constants for the whole program
+            asmgen.out("; global float constants")
+            for (flt in allocator.globalFloatConsts) {
+                val floatFill = compTarget.machine.getFloatAsmBytes(flt.key)
+                val floatvalue = flt.key
+                asmgen.out("${flt.value}\t.byte  $floatFill  ; float $floatvalue")
+            }
+
             memorySlabs()
             footer()
         }
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         asmgen.out("; assembler syntax is for the 64tasm cross-assembler")
         asmgen.out("; output options: output=${options.output} launcher=${options.launcher} zp=${options.zeropage}")
         asmgen.out("")
-        asmgen.out(".cpu  '$cpu'\n.enc  'none'\n")
+        asmgen.out(".cpu  '$cpu'\n.enc  'none'")
 
         // the global prog8 variables needed
         val zp = zeropage
@@ -71,19 +73,28 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         asmgen.out("P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG = ${zp.SCRATCH_REG}")
         asmgen.out("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1 = ${zp.SCRATCH_W1}    ; word")
         asmgen.out("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2 = ${zp.SCRATCH_W2}    ; word")
+        asmgen.out(".weak")   // hack to allow user to override the following two with command line redefinition (however, just use '-esa' command line option instead!)
         asmgen.out("P8ESTACK_LO = ${compTarget.machine.ESTACK_LO.toHex()}")
         asmgen.out("P8ESTACK_HI = ${compTarget.machine.ESTACK_HI.toHex()}")
+        asmgen.out(".endweak")
+
+        if(options.symbolDefs.isNotEmpty()) {
+            asmgen.out("; -- user supplied symbols on the command line")
+            for((name, value) in options.symbolDefs) {
+                asmgen.out("$name = $value")
+            }
+        }
 
         when(options.output) {
             OutputType.RAW -> {
                 asmgen.out("; ---- raw assembler program ----")
-                asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}\n")
+                asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
             }
             OutputType.PRG -> {
                 when(options.launcher) {
                     CbmPrgLauncherType.BASIC -> {
                         if (options.loadAddress != options.compTarget.machine.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS) {
-                            errors.err("BASIC output must have load address ${options.compTarget.machine.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS.toHex()}", program.toplevelModule.position)
+                            errors.err("BASIC output must have load address ${options.compTarget.machine.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS.toHex()}", program.position)
                         }
                         asmgen.out("; ---- basic program with sys call ----")
                         asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
@@ -91,26 +102,26 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
                         asmgen.out("  .word  (+), $year")
                         asmgen.out("  .null  $9e, format(' %d ', prog8_entrypoint), $3a, $8f, ' prog8'")
                         asmgen.out("+\t.word  0")
-                        asmgen.out("prog8_entrypoint\t; assembly code starts here\n")
+                        asmgen.out("prog8_entrypoint\t; assembly code starts here")
                         if(!options.noSysInit)
-                            asmgen.out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system")
-                        asmgen.out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system_phase2")
+                            asmgen.out("  jsr  sys.init_system")
+                        asmgen.out("  jsr  sys.init_system_phase2")
                     }
                     CbmPrgLauncherType.NONE -> {
                         asmgen.out("; ---- program without basic sys call ----")
-                        asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}\n")
+                        asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
                         if(!options.noSysInit)
-                            asmgen.out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system")
-                        asmgen.out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system_phase2")
+                            asmgen.out("  jsr  sys.init_system")
+                        asmgen.out("  jsr  sys.init_system_phase2")
                     }
                 }
             }
             OutputType.XEX -> {
                 asmgen.out("; ---- atari xex program ----")
-                asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}\n")
+                asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
                 if(!options.noSysInit)
-                    asmgen.out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system")
-                asmgen.out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system_phase2")
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  sys.init_system")
+                asmgen.out("  jsr  sys.init_system_phase2")
             }
         }
 
@@ -128,84 +139,111 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
             "cx16" -> {
                 if(options.floats)
                     asmgen.out("  lda  #4 |  sta  $01")    // to use floats, make sure Basic rom is banked in
-                asmgen.out("  jsr  main.start |  lda  #4 |  sta  $01 |  rts")
+                asmgen.out("  jsr  main.start")
+                asmgen.out("  jmp  sys.cleanup_at_exit")
+            }
+            "c64" -> {
+                asmgen.out("  jsr  main.start |  lda  #31 |  sta  $01")
+                if(!options.noSysInit)
+                    asmgen.out("  jmp  sys.cleanup_at_exit")
+                else
+                    asmgen.out("  rts")
+            }
+            "c128" -> {
+                asmgen.out("  jsr  main.start |  lda  #0 |  sta ${"$"}ff00")
+                if(!options.noSysInit)
+                    asmgen.out("  jmp  sys.cleanup_at_exit")
+                else
+                    asmgen.out("  rts")
             }
-            "c64" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  main.start |  lda  #31 |  sta  $01 |  rts")
             else -> asmgen.jmp("main.start")
         }
     }
 
     private fun memorySlabs() {
-        asmgen.out("; memory slabs")
-        asmgen.out("prog8_slabs\t.block")
-        for((name, info) in allocator.memorySlabs) {
-            if(info.second>1u)
-                asmgen.out("\t.align  ${info.second.toHex()}")
-            asmgen.out("$name\t.fill  ${info.first}")
+        if(symboltable.allMemorySlabs.isNotEmpty()) {
+            asmgen.out("; memory slabs\n  .section slabs_BSS")
+            asmgen.out("prog8_slabs\t.block")
+            for (slab in symboltable.allMemorySlabs) {
+                if (slab.align > 1u)
+                    asmgen.out("\t.align  ${slab.align.toHex()}")
+                asmgen.out("${slab.name}\t.fill  ${slab.size}")
+            }
+            asmgen.out("\t.bend\n  .send slabs_BSS")
         }
-        asmgen.out("\t.bend")
     }
 
     private fun footer() {
-        // the global list of all floating point constants for the whole program
-        asmgen.out("; global float constants")
-        for (flt in allocator.globalFloatConsts) {
-            val floatFill = compTarget.machine.getFloat(flt.key).makeFloatFillAsm()
-            val floatvalue = flt.key
-            asmgen.out("${flt.value}\t.byte  $floatFill  ; float $floatvalue")
+        asmgen.out("; bss sections")
+        if(options.varsHigh) {
+            if(options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_START == 0u || options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_END==0u) {
+                throw AssemblyError("current compilation target hasn't got the high ram area properly defined")
+            }
+            // BSS vars in high ram area, memory() slabs just concatenated at the end of the program.
+            if(symboltable.allMemorySlabs.isNotEmpty()) {
+                asmgen.out("  .dsection slabs_BSS")
+            }
+            asmgen.out("prog8_program_end\t; end of program label for progend()")
+            asmgen.out("  * = ${options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_START.toHex()}")
+            asmgen.out("prog8_bss_section_start")
+            asmgen.out("  .dsection BSS")
+            asmgen.out("  .cerror * >= ${options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_END.toHex()}, \"too many variables for BSS section\"")
+            asmgen.out("prog8_bss_section_size = * - prog8_bss_section_start")
+        } else {
+            // BSS vars followed by memory() slabs, concatenated at the end of the program.
+            asmgen.out("prog8_bss_section_start")
+            asmgen.out("  .dsection BSS")
+            asmgen.out("prog8_bss_section_size = * - prog8_bss_section_start")
+            if(symboltable.allMemorySlabs.isNotEmpty()) {
+                asmgen.out("  .dsection slabs_BSS")
+            }
+            asmgen.out("prog8_program_end\t; end of program label for progend()")
         }
-
-        // program end
-        asmgen.out("prog8_program_end\t; end of program label for progend()")
     }
 
-    private fun block2asm(block: Block) {
+    private fun block2asm(block: PtBlock) {
         asmgen.out("")
         asmgen.out("; ---- block: '${block.name}' ----")
         if(block.address!=null)
             asmgen.out("* = ${block.address!!.toHex()}")
         else {
-            if("align_word" in block.options())
+            if(block.alignment==PtBlock.BlockAlignment.WORD)
                 asmgen.out("\t.align 2")
-            else if("align_page" in block.options())
+            else if(block.alignment==PtBlock.BlockAlignment.PAGE)
                 asmgen.out("\t.align $100")
         }
 
-        asmgen.out("${block.name}\t" + (if("force_output" in block.options()) ".block\n" else ".proc\n"))
+        asmgen.out("${block.name}\t" + (if(block.forceOutput) ".block" else ".proc"))
         asmgen.outputSourceLine(block)
 
         createBlockVariables(block)
-        asmsubs2asm(block.statements)
+        asmsubs2asm(block.children)
 
         asmgen.out("")
-        asmgen.out("; subroutines in this block")
 
-        // First translate regular statements, and then put the subroutines at the end.
-        // (regular statements = everything except the initialization assignments;
-        // these will be part of the prog8_init_vars init routine generated below)
         val initializers = blockVariableInitializers.getValue(block)
-        val statements = block.statements.filterNot { it in initializers }
-        val (subroutine, stmts) = statements.partition { it is Subroutine }
-        stmts.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
-        subroutine.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
+        val notInitializers = block.children.filterNot { it in initializers }
+        notInitializers.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
 
-        if(!options.dontReinitGlobals) {
-            // generate subroutine to initialize block-level (global) variables
-            if (initializers.isNotEmpty()) {
-                asmgen.out("prog8_init_vars\t.proc\n")
-                initializers.forEach { assign -> asmgen.translate(assign) }
-                asmgen.out("  rts\n  .pend")
+        // generate subroutine to initialize block-level (global) variables
+        if (initializers.isNotEmpty()) {
+            asmgen.out("prog8_init_vars\t.block")
+            initializers.forEach { assign ->
+                if((assign.value as? PtNumber)?.number != 0.0 || allocator.isZpVar(assign.target.identifier!!.name))
+                    asmgen.translate(assign)
+                // the other variables that should be set to zero are done so as part of the BSS section.
             }
+            asmgen.out("  rts\n  .bend")
         }
 
-        asmgen.out(if("force_output" in block.options()) "\n\t.bend\n" else "\n\t.pend\n")
+        asmgen.out(if(block.forceOutput) "\n\t.bend" else "\n\t.pend")
     }
 
     private fun getVars(scope: StNode): Map<String, StNode> =
         scope.children.filter { it.value.type in arrayOf(StNodeType.STATICVAR, StNodeType.CONSTANT, StNodeType.MEMVAR) }
 
-    private fun createBlockVariables(block: Block) {
-        val scope = symboltable.lookupOrElse(block.name) { throw AssemblyError("lookup") }
+    private fun createBlockVariables(block: PtBlock) {
+        val scope = symboltable.lookupUnscopedOrElse(block.name) { throw AssemblyError("lookup") }
         require(scope.type==StNodeType.BLOCK)
         val varsInBlock = getVars(scope)
 
@@ -229,122 +267,149 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         nonZpVariables2asm(variables)
     }
 
-    internal fun translateSubroutine(sub: Subroutine) {
-        var onlyVariables = false
-
+    internal fun translateAsmSubroutine(sub: PtAsmSub) {
         if(sub.inline) {
             if(options.optimize) {
-                if(sub.isAsmSubroutine || callGraph.unused(sub))
-                    return
-
-                // from an inlined subroutine only the local variables are generated,
-                // all other code statements are omitted in the subroutine itself
-                // (they've been inlined at the call site, remember?)
-                onlyVariables = true
+                return
             }
         }
 
         asmgen.out("")
 
-        if(sub.isAsmSubroutine) {
-            if(sub.asmAddress!=null)
-                return  // already done at the memvars section
-
-            // asmsub with most likely just an inline asm in it
-            asmgen.out("${sub.name}\t.proc")
-            sub.statements.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
-            asmgen.out("  .pend\n")
+        val asmStartScope: String
+        val asmEndScope: String
+        if(sub.definingBlock()!!.forceOutput) {
+            asmStartScope = ".block"
+            asmEndScope = ".bend"
         } else {
-            // regular subroutine
-            asmgen.out("${sub.name}\t.proc")
-
-            val scope = symboltable.lookupOrElse(sub.scopedName) { throw AssemblyError("lookup") }
-            require(scope.type==StNodeType.SUBROUTINE)
-            val varsInSubroutine = getVars(scope)
-
-            // Zeropage Variables
-            val varnames = varsInSubroutine.filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.STATICVAR }.map { it.value.scopedName }.toSet()
-            zeropagevars2asm(varnames)
-
-            // MemDefs and Consts
-            val mvs = varsInSubroutine
-                .filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.MEMVAR }
-                .map { it.value as StMemVar }
-            val consts = varsInSubroutine
-                .filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.CONSTANT }
-                .map { it.value as StConstant }
-            memdefsAndConsts2asm(mvs, consts)
-
-            asmsubs2asm(sub.statements)
-
-            // the main.start subroutine is the program's entrypoint and should perform some initialization logic
-            if(sub.name=="start" && sub.definingBlock.name=="main")
-                entrypointInitialization()
-
-            if(functioncallAsmGen.optimizeIntArgsViaRegisters(sub)) {
-                asmgen.out("; simple int arg(s) passed via register(s)")
-                if(sub.parameters.size==1) {
-                    val dt = sub.parameters[0].type
-                    val target = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, dt, sub, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[0].name)
-                    if(dt in ByteDatatypes)
-                        asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, target)
-                    else
-                        asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.AY, target)
-                } else {
-                    require(sub.parameters.size==2)
-                    // 2 simple byte args, first in A, second in Y
-                    val target1 = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, sub.parameters[0].type, sub, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[0].name)
-                    val target2 = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, sub.parameters[1].type, sub, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[1].name)
-                    asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, target1)
-                    asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.Y, target2)
-                }
-            }
-
-            if(!onlyVariables) {
-                asmgen.out("; statements")
-                sub.statements.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
-            }
-
-            asmgen.out("; variables")
-            val asmGenInfo = asmgen.subroutineExtra(sub)
-            for((dt, name, addr) in asmGenInfo.extraVars) {
-                if(addr!=null)
-                    asmgen.out("$name = $addr")
-                else when(dt) {
-                    DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("$name    .byte  0")
-                    DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("$name    .word  0")
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird dt")
-                }
-            }
-            if(asmGenInfo.usedRegsaveA)      // will probably never occur
-                asmgen.out("prog8_regsaveA     .byte  0")
-            if(asmGenInfo.usedRegsaveX)
-                asmgen.out("prog8_regsaveX     .byte  0")
-            if(asmGenInfo.usedRegsaveY)
-                asmgen.out("prog8_regsaveY     .byte  0")
-            if(asmGenInfo.usedFloatEvalResultVar1)
-                asmgen.out("$subroutineFloatEvalResultVar1    .byte  0,0,0,0,0")
-            if(asmGenInfo.usedFloatEvalResultVar2)
-                asmgen.out("$subroutineFloatEvalResultVar2    .byte  0,0,0,0,0")
-
-            // normal statically allocated variables
-            val variables = varsInSubroutine
-                .filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.STATICVAR && !allocator.isZpVar(it.value.scopedName) }
-                .map { it.value as StStaticVariable }
-            nonZpVariables2asm(variables)
-
-            asmgen.out("  .pend\n")
+            asmStartScope = ".proc"
+            asmEndScope = ".pend"
         }
+
+        if(sub.address!=null)
+            return  // already done at the memvars section
+
+        // asmsub with most likely just an inline asm in it
+        asmgen.out("${sub.name}\t$asmStartScope")
+        sub.children.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
+        asmgen.out("  $asmEndScope")
+    }
+
+
+    internal fun translateSubroutine(sub: PtSub) {
+        asmgen.out("")
+
+        val asmStartScope: String
+        val asmEndScope: String
+        if(sub.definingBlock()!!.forceOutput) {
+            asmStartScope = ".block"
+            asmEndScope = ".bend"
+        } else {
+            asmStartScope = ".proc"
+            asmEndScope = ".pend"
+        }
+
+        asmgen.out("${sub.name}\t$asmStartScope")
+
+        val scope = symboltable.lookupOrElse(sub.scopedName) { throw AssemblyError("lookup") }
+        require(scope.type==StNodeType.SUBROUTINE)
+        val varsInSubroutine = getVars(scope)
+
+        // Zeropage Variables
+        val varnames = varsInSubroutine.filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.STATICVAR }.map { it.value.scopedName }.toSet()
+        zeropagevars2asm(varnames)
+
+        // MemDefs and Consts
+        val mvs = varsInSubroutine
+            .filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.MEMVAR }
+            .map { it.value as StMemVar }
+        val consts = varsInSubroutine
+            .filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.CONSTANT }
+            .map { it.value as StConstant }
+        memdefsAndConsts2asm(mvs, consts)
+
+        asmsubs2asm(sub.children)
+
+        // the main.start subroutine is the program's entrypoint and should perform some initialization logic
+        if(sub.name=="start" && sub.definingBlock()!!.name=="main")
+            entrypointInitialization()
+
+        if(functioncallAsmGen.optimizeIntArgsViaRegisters(sub)) {
+            asmgen.out("; simple int arg(s) passed via register(s)")
+            if(sub.parameters.size==1) {
+                val dt = sub.parameters[0].type
+                val target = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, dt, sub, sub.parameters[0].position, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[0].name)
+                if(dt in ByteDatatypes)
+                    asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, target)
+                else
+                    asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.AY, target)
+            } else {
+                require(sub.parameters.size==2)
+                // 2 simple byte args, first in A, second in Y
+                val target1 = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, sub.parameters[0].type, sub, sub.parameters[0].position, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[0].name)
+                val target2 = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, sub.parameters[1].type, sub, sub.parameters[1].position, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[1].name)
+                asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, target1)
+                asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.Y, target2)
+            }
+        }
+
+        asmgen.out("; statements")
+        sub.children.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
+
+        asmgen.out("; variables")
+        asmgen.out("    .section BSS")
+        val asmGenInfo = asmgen.subroutineExtra(sub)
+        for((dt, name, addr) in asmGenInfo.extraVars) {
+            if(addr!=null)
+                asmgen.out("$name = $addr")
+            else when(dt) {
+                DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("$name    .byte  ?")
+                DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("$name    .word  ?")
+                DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("$name    .fill  ${options.compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE}")
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("weird dt for extravar $dt")
+            }
+        }
+        if(asmGenInfo.usedRegsaveA)      // will probably never occur
+            asmgen.out("prog8_regsaveA     .byte  ?")
+        if(asmGenInfo.usedRegsaveX)
+            asmgen.out("prog8_regsaveX     .byte  ?")
+        if(asmGenInfo.usedRegsaveY)
+            asmgen.out("prog8_regsaveY     .byte  ?")
+        if(asmGenInfo.usedFloatEvalResultVar1)
+            asmgen.out("$subroutineFloatEvalResultVar1    .fill  ${options.compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE}")
+        if(asmGenInfo.usedFloatEvalResultVar2)
+            asmgen.out("$subroutineFloatEvalResultVar2    .fill  ${options.compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE}")
+        asmgen.out("  .send BSS")
+
+        // normal statically allocated variables
+        val variables = varsInSubroutine
+            .filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.STATICVAR && !allocator.isZpVar(it.value.scopedName) }
+            .map { it.value as StStaticVariable }
+        nonZpVariables2asm(variables)
+
+        asmgen.out("  $asmEndScope")
     }
 
     private fun entrypointInitialization() {
         asmgen.out("; program startup initialization")
-        asmgen.out("  cld")
-        if(!options.dontReinitGlobals) {
-            blockVariableInitializers.forEach {
-                if (it.value.isNotEmpty())
-                    asmgen.out("  jsr  ${it.key.name}.prog8_init_vars")
-            }
+        asmgen.out("  cld |  tsx |  stx  prog8_lib.orig_stackpointer    ; required for sys.exit()")
+        // set full BSS area to zero
+        asmgen.out("""
+    .if  prog8_bss_section_size>0
+    ; reset all variables in BSS section to zero
+	lda  #<prog8_bss_section_start
+	ldy  #>prog8_bss_section_start
+	sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+	sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+	ldx  #<prog8_bss_section_size
+	ldy  #>prog8_bss_section_size
+	lda  #0
+	jsr  prog8_lib.memset
+    .endif""")
+
+        blockVariableInitializers.forEach {
+            if (it.value.isNotEmpty())
+                asmgen.out("  jsr  ${it.key.name}.prog8_init_vars")
         }
 
         // string and array variables in zeropage that have initializer value, should be initialized
@@ -392,22 +457,21 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
             arrayVariable2asm(varname, it.alloc.dt, it.value, null)
         }
 
-        asmgen.out("""+       tsx
-                    stx  prog8_lib.orig_stackpointer    ; required for sys.exit()                    
-                    ldx  #255       ; init estack ptr
+        asmgen.out("""+        
+                    ldx  #127       ; init estack ptr (half page)
                     clv
                     clc""")
     }
 
     private class ZpStringWithInitial(
-        val name: List<String>,
-        val alloc: Zeropage.ZpAllocation,
+        val name: String,
+        val alloc: MemoryAllocator.VarAllocation,
         val value: Pair<String, Encoding>
     )
 
     private class ZpArrayWithInitial(
-        val name: List<String>,
-        val alloc: Zeropage.ZpAllocation,
+        val name: String,
+        val alloc: MemoryAllocator.VarAllocation,
         val value: StArray
     )
 
@@ -415,9 +479,10 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         val result = mutableListOf<ZpStringWithInitial>()
         val vars = allocator.zeropageVars.filter { it.value.dt==DataType.STR }
         for (variable in vars) {
-            val svar = symboltable.lookup(variable.key) as StStaticVariable        // TODO faster in flat lookup table
-            if(svar.initialStringValue!=null)
-                result.add(ZpStringWithInitial(variable.key, variable.value, svar.initialStringValue!!))
+            val scopedName = variable.key
+            val svar = symboltable.flat.getValue(scopedName) as StStaticVariable
+            if(svar.onetimeInitializationStringValue!=null)
+                result.add(ZpStringWithInitial(scopedName, variable.value, svar.onetimeInitializationStringValue!!))
         }
         return result
     }
@@ -426,61 +491,99 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         val result = mutableListOf<ZpArrayWithInitial>()
         val vars = allocator.zeropageVars.filter { it.value.dt in ArrayDatatypes }
         for (variable in vars) {
-            val svar = symboltable.lookup(variable.key) as StStaticVariable        // TODO faster in flat lookup table
-            if(svar.initialArrayValue!=null)
-                result.add(ZpArrayWithInitial(variable.key, variable.value, svar.initialArrayValue!!))
+            val scopedName = variable.key
+            val svar = symboltable.flat.getValue(scopedName) as StStaticVariable
+            if(svar.onetimeInitializationArrayValue!=null)
+                result.add(ZpArrayWithInitial(scopedName, variable.value, svar.onetimeInitializationArrayValue!!))
         }
         return result
     }
 
-    private fun zeropagevars2asm(varNames: Set<List<String>>) {
-        val zpVariables = allocator.zeropageVars.filter { it.key in varNames }
+    private fun zeropagevars2asm(varNames: Set<String>) {
+        val zpVariables = allocator.zeropageVars.filter { it.key in varNames }.toList().sortedBy { it.second.address }
         for ((scopedName, zpvar) in zpVariables) {
-            if (scopedName.size == 2 && scopedName[0] == "cx16" && scopedName[1][0] == 'r' && scopedName[1][1].isDigit())
+            if (scopedName.startsWith("cx16.r"))
                 continue        // The 16 virtual registers of the cx16 are not actual variables in zp, they're memory mapped
-            asmgen.out("${scopedName.last()} \t= ${zpvar.address} \t; zp ${zpvar.dt}")
+            asmgen.out("${scopedName.substringAfterLast('.')} \t= ${zpvar.address} \t; zp ${zpvar.dt}")
         }
     }
 
     private fun nonZpVariables2asm(variables: List<StStaticVariable>) {
         asmgen.out("")
-        asmgen.out("; non-zeropage variables")
-        val (stringvars, othervars) = variables.partition { it.dt==DataType.STR }
-        stringvars.forEach {
-            outputStringvar(it.name, it.initialStringValue!!.second, it.initialStringValue!!.first)
+        val (varsNoInit, varsWithInit) = variables.partition { it.uninitialized }
+        if(varsNoInit.isNotEmpty()) {
+            asmgen.out("; non-zeropage variables without initialization value")
+            asmgen.out("  .section BSS")
+            varsNoInit.sortedWith(compareBy<StStaticVariable> { it.name }.thenBy { it.dt }).forEach {
+                uninitializedVariable2asm(it)
+            }
+            asmgen.out("  .send BSS")
         }
-        othervars.sortedBy { it.type }.forEach {
-            staticVariable2asm(it)
+
+        if(varsWithInit.isNotEmpty()) {
+            asmgen.out("; non-zeropage variables")
+            val (stringvars, othervars) = varsWithInit.sortedBy { it.name }.partition { it.dt == DataType.STR }
+            stringvars.forEach {
+                outputStringvar(
+                    it.name,
+                    it.onetimeInitializationStringValue!!.second,
+                    it.onetimeInitializationStringValue!!.first
+                )
+            }
+            othervars.sortedBy { it.type }.forEach {
+                staticVariable2asm(it)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun uninitializedVariable2asm(variable: StStaticVariable) {
+        when (variable.dt) {
+            DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.byte  ?")
+            DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.char  ?")
+            DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.word  ?")
+            DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.sint  ?")
+            DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.fill  ${compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE}")
+            in SplitWordArrayTypes -> {
+                val numbytesPerHalf = compTarget.memorySize(variable.dt, variable.length!!) / 2
+                asmgen.out("${variable.name}_lsb\t.fill  $numbytesPerHalf")
+                asmgen.out("${variable.name}_msb\t.fill  $numbytesPerHalf")
+            }
+            in ArrayDatatypes -> {
+                val numbytes = compTarget.memorySize(variable.dt, variable.length!!)
+                asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.fill  $numbytes")
+            }
+            else -> {
+                throw AssemblyError("weird dt")
+            }
         }
     }
 
     private fun staticVariable2asm(variable: StStaticVariable) {
-        val name = variable.name
         val initialValue: Number =
-            if(variable.initialNumericValue!=null) {
+            if(variable.onetimeInitializationNumericValue!=null) {
                 if(variable.dt== DataType.FLOAT)
-                    variable.initialNumericValue!!
+                    variable.onetimeInitializationNumericValue!!
                 else
-                    variable.initialNumericValue!!.toInt()
+                    variable.onetimeInitializationNumericValue!!.toInt()
             } else 0
 
         when (variable.dt) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("$name\t.byte  ${initialValue.toHex()}")
-            DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("$name\t.char  $initialValue")
-            DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("$name\t.word  ${initialValue.toHex()}")
-            DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("$name\t.sint  $initialValue")
+            DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.byte  ${initialValue.toHex()}")
+            DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.char  $initialValue")
+            DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.word  ${initialValue.toHex()}")
+            DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.sint  $initialValue")
             DataType.FLOAT -> {
                 if(initialValue==0) {
-                    asmgen.out("$name\t.byte  0,0,0,0,0  ; float")
+                    asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.byte  0,0,0,0,0  ; float")
                 } else {
-                    val floatFill = compTarget.machine.getFloat(initialValue).makeFloatFillAsm()
-                    asmgen.out("$name\t.byte  $floatFill  ; float $initialValue")
+                    val floatFill = compTarget.machine.getFloatAsmBytes(initialValue)
+                    asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.byte  $floatFill  ; float $initialValue")
                 }
             }
             DataType.STR -> {
                 throw AssemblyError("all string vars should have been interned into prog")
             }
-            in ArrayDatatypes -> arrayVariable2asm(name, variable.dt, variable.initialArrayValue, variable.length)
+            in ArrayDatatypes -> arrayVariable2asm(variable.name, variable.dt, variable.onetimeInitializationArrayValue, variable.length)
             else -> {
                 throw AssemblyError("weird dt")
             }
@@ -529,10 +632,22 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
                         asmgen.out("  .sint  " + chunk.joinToString())
                 }
             }
+            DataType.ARRAY_UW_SPLIT -> {
+                val data = makeArrayFillDataUnsigned(dt, value, orNumberOfZeros)
+                asmgen.out("_array_$varname := ${data.joinToString()}")
+                asmgen.out("${varname}_lsb\t.byte <_array_$varname")
+                asmgen.out("${varname}_msb\t.byte >_array_$varname")
+            }
+            DataType.ARRAY_W_SPLIT -> {
+                val data = makeArrayFillDataSigned(dt, value, orNumberOfZeros)
+                asmgen.out("_array_$varname := ${data.joinToString()}")
+                asmgen.out("${varname}_lsb\t.byte <_array_$varname")
+                asmgen.out("${varname}_msb\t.byte >_array_$varname")
+            }
             DataType.ARRAY_F -> {
                 val array = value ?: zeroFilledArray(orNumberOfZeros!!)
                 val floatFills = array.map {
-                    compTarget.machine.getFloat(it.number!!).makeFloatFillAsm()
+                    compTarget.machine.getFloatAsmBytes(it.number!!)
                 }
                 asmgen.out(varname)
                 for (f in array.zip(floatFills))
@@ -551,10 +666,10 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
     }
 
     private fun memdefsAndConsts2asm(memvars: Collection<StMemVar>, consts: Collection<StConstant>) {
-        memvars.forEach {
+        memvars.sortedBy { it.address }.forEach {
             asmgen.out("  ${it.name} = ${it.address.toHex()}")
         }
-        consts.forEach {
+        consts.sortedBy { it.name }.forEach {
             if(it.dt==DataType.FLOAT)
                 asmgen.out("  ${it.name} = ${it.value}")
             else
@@ -562,17 +677,17 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         }
     }
 
-    private fun asmsubs2asm(statements: List<Statement>) {
+    private fun asmsubs2asm(statements: List<PtNode>) {
         statements
-            .filter { it is Subroutine && it.isAsmSubroutine && it.asmAddress!=null }
+            .filter { it is PtAsmSub && it.address!=null }
             .forEach { asmsub ->
-                asmsub as Subroutine
-                asmgen.out("  ${asmsub.name} = ${asmsub.asmAddress!!.toHex()}")
+                asmsub as PtAsmSub
+                asmgen.out("  ${asmsub.name} = ${asmsub.address!!.toHex()}")
             }
     }
 
     private fun outputStringvar(varname: String, encoding: Encoding, value: String) {
-        asmgen.out("$varname\t; $encoding:\"${escape(value).replace("\u0000", "<NULL>")}\"")
+        asmgen.out("$varname\t; $encoding:\"${value.escape().replace("\u0000", "<NULL>")}\"", false)
         val bytes = compTarget.encodeString(value, encoding).plus(0.toUByte())
         val outputBytes = bytes.map { "$" + it.toString(16).padStart(2, '0') }
         for (chunk in outputBytes.chunked(16))
@@ -588,12 +703,12 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
                     val number = it.number!!.toInt()
                     "$"+number.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
                 }
-            DataType.ARRAY_UW -> array.map {
+            DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_UW_SPLIT -> array.map {
                 if(it.number!=null) {
                     "$" + it.number!!.toInt().toString(16).padStart(4, '0')
                 }
-                else if(it.addressOf!=null) {
-                    asmgen.asmSymbolName(it.addressOf!!)
+                else if(it.addressOfSymbol!=null) {
+                    asmgen.asmSymbolName(it.addressOfSymbol!!)
                 }
                 else
                     throw AssemblyError("weird array elt")
@@ -620,11 +735,11 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
                     else
                         "-$$hexnum"
                 }
-            DataType.ARRAY_UW -> array.map {
+            DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_UW_SPLIT -> array.map {
                 val number = it.number!!.toInt()
                 "$" + number.toString(16).padStart(4, '0')
             }
-            DataType.ARRAY_W -> array.map {
+            DataType.ARRAY_W, DataType.ARRAY_W_SPLIT -> array.map {
                 val number = it.number!!.toInt()
                 val hexnum = number.absoluteValue.toString(16).padStart(4, '0')
                 if(number>=0)

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/VariableAllocator.kt

@@ -15,22 +15,15 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
 ) {
 
     private val zeropage = options.compTarget.machine.zeropage
-    private val memorySlabsInternal = mutableMapOf<String, Pair<UInt, UInt>>()
-    internal val memorySlabs: Map<String, Pair<UInt, UInt>> = memorySlabsInternal
     internal val globalFloatConsts = mutableMapOf<Double, String>()     // all float values in the entire program (value -> varname)
-    internal val zeropageVars: Map<List<String>, Zeropage.ZpAllocation> = zeropage.allocatedVariables
+    internal val zeropageVars: Map<String, MemoryAllocator.VarAllocation>
 
     init {
         allocateZeropageVariables()
+        zeropageVars = zeropage.allocatedVariables
     }
 
-    internal fun getMemorySlab(name: String) = memorySlabsInternal[name]
-
-    internal fun allocateMemorySlab(name: String, size: UInt, align: UInt) {
-        memorySlabsInternal[name] = Pair(size, align)
-    }
-
-    internal fun isZpVar(scopedName: List<String>) = scopedName in zeropage.allocatedVariables
+    internal fun isZpVar(scopedName: String) = scopedName in zeropageVars
 
     internal fun getFloatAsmConst(number: Double): String {
         val asmName = globalFloatConsts[number]
@@ -67,7 +60,7 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
                 variable.scopedName,
                 variable.dt,
                 variable.length,
-                variable.position,
+                variable.astNode.position,
                 errors
             )
             result.fold(
@@ -75,7 +68,7 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
                     numVariablesAllocatedInZP++
                 },
                 failure = {
-                    errors.err(it.message!!, variable.position)
+                    errors.err(it.message!!, variable.astNode.position)
                 }
             )
         }
@@ -86,7 +79,7 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
                     variable.scopedName,
                     variable.dt,
                     variable.length,
-                    variable.position,
+                    variable.astNode.position,
                     errors
                 )
                 result.onSuccess { numVariablesAllocatedInZP++ }
@@ -96,7 +89,8 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
             // try to allocate any other interger variables into the zeropage until it is full.
             // TODO some form of intelligent priorization? most often used variables first? loopcounter vars first? ...?
             if(errors.noErrors()) {
-                for (variable in varsDontCare.sortedBy { it.scopedName.size }) {
+                val sortedList = varsDontCare.sortedByDescending { it.scopedName }
+                for (variable in sortedList) {
                     if(variable.dt in IntegerDatatypes) {
                         if(zeropage.free.isEmpty()) {
                             break
@@ -105,7 +99,7 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
                                 variable.scopedName,
                                 variable.dt,
                                 variable.length,
-                                variable.position,
+                                variable.astNode.position,
                                 errors
                             )
                             result.onSuccess { numVariablesAllocatedInZP++ }
@@ -116,9 +110,9 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
             }
         }
 
-        println("  number of allocated vars: $numberOfAllocatableVariables")
-        println("  put into zeropage: $numVariablesAllocatedInZP,  non-zp allocatable: ${numberOfNonIntegerVariables+numberOfExplicitNonZpVariables}")
-        println("  zeropage free space: ${zeropage.free.size} bytes")
+//        println("  number of allocated vars: $numberOfAllocatableVariables")
+//        println("  put into zeropage: $numVariablesAllocatedInZP,  non-zp allocatable: ${numberOfNonIntegerVariables+numberOfExplicitNonZpVariables}")
+//        println("  zeropage free space: ${zeropage.free.size} bytes")
     }
 
     private fun collectAllVariables(st: SymbolTable): Collection<StStaticVariable> {
@@ -132,6 +126,6 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
             }
         }
         collect(st)
-        return vars
+        return vars.sortedBy { it.dt }
     }
 }

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/assignment/AsmAssignment.kt

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.AsmGen
+import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.AsmGen6502Internal
+import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.returnsWhatWhere
 
 
 internal enum class TargetStorageKind {
@@ -26,70 +25,65 @@ internal enum class SourceStorageKind {
 }
 
 internal class AsmAssignTarget(val kind: TargetStorageKind,
-                               private val program: Program,
-                               private val asmgen: AsmGen,
+                               private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal,
                                val datatype: DataType,
-                               val scope: Subroutine?,
+                               val scope: IPtSubroutine?,
+                               val position: Position,
                                private val variableAsmName: String? = null,
-                               val array: ArrayIndexedExpression? = null,
-                               val memory: DirectMemoryWrite? = null,
+                               val array: PtArrayIndexer? = null,
+                               val memory: PtMemoryByte? = null,
                                val register: RegisterOrPair? = null,
-                               val origAstTarget: AssignTarget? = null
+                               val origAstTarget: PtAssignTarget? = null
                                )
 {
-    val constMemoryAddress by lazy { memory?.addressExpression?.constValue(program)?.number?.toUInt() ?: 0u}
-    val constArrayIndexValue by lazy { array?.indexer?.constIndex()?.toUInt() }
+    val constArrayIndexValue by lazy { array?.index?.asConstInteger()?.toUInt() }
     val asmVarname: String by lazy {
         if (array == null)
             variableAsmName!!
         else
-            asmgen.asmVariableName(array.arrayvar)
+            asmgen.asmVariableName(array.variable)
     }
 
-    lateinit var origAssign: AsmAssignment
-
     init {
         if(register!=null && datatype !in NumericDatatypes)
             throw AssemblyError("register must be integer or float type")
     }
 
     companion object {
-        fun fromAstAssignment(assign: Assignment, program: Program, asmgen: AsmGen): AsmAssignTarget {
-            with(assign.target) {
-                val idt = inferType(program)
-                val dt = idt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
+        fun fromAstAssignment(target: PtAssignTarget, definingSub: IPtSubroutine?, asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal): AsmAssignTarget {
+            with(target) {
                 when {
                     identifier != null -> {
-                        val parameter = identifier!!.targetVarDecl(program)?.subroutineParameter
+                        val parameter = asmgen.findSubroutineParameter(identifier!!.name, asmgen)
                         if (parameter!=null) {
-                            val sub = parameter.definingSubroutine!!
-                            if (sub.isAsmSubroutine) {
-                                val reg = sub.asmParameterRegisters[sub.parameters.indexOf(parameter)]
+                            val sub = parameter.definingAsmSub()
+                            if (sub!=null) {
+                                val reg = sub.parameters.single { it.second===parameter }.first
                                 if(reg.statusflag!=null)
                                     throw AssemblyError("can't assign value to processor statusflag directly")
                                 else
-                                    return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, register=reg.registerOrPair, origAstTarget = this)
+                                    return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, type, definingSub, target.position, register=reg.registerOrPair, origAstTarget = this)
                             }
                         }
-                        return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, variableAsmName = asmgen.asmVariableName(identifier!!), origAstTarget =  this)
+                        return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, type, definingSub, target.position, variableAsmName = asmgen.asmVariableName(identifier!!), origAstTarget =  this)
                     }
-                    arrayindexed != null -> return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.ARRAY, program, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, array = arrayindexed, origAstTarget =  this)
-                    memoryAddress != null -> return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.MEMORY, program, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, memory =  memoryAddress, origAstTarget =  this)
+                    array != null -> return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.ARRAY, asmgen, type, definingSub, target.position, array = array, origAstTarget =  this)
+                    memory != null -> return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.MEMORY, asmgen, type, definingSub, target.position, memory =  memory, origAstTarget =  this)
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target")
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        fun fromRegisters(registers: RegisterOrPair, signed: Boolean, scope: Subroutine?, program: Program, asmgen: AsmGen): AsmAssignTarget =
+        fun fromRegisters(registers: RegisterOrPair, signed: Boolean, pos: Position, scope: IPtSubroutine?, asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal): AsmAssignTarget =
                 when(registers) {
                     RegisterOrPair.A,
                     RegisterOrPair.X,
-                    RegisterOrPair.Y -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, if(signed) DataType.BYTE else DataType.UBYTE, scope, register = registers)
+                    RegisterOrPair.Y -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, if(signed) DataType.BYTE else DataType.UBYTE, scope, pos, register = registers)
                     RegisterOrPair.AX,
                     RegisterOrPair.AY,
-                    RegisterOrPair.XY -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, if(signed) DataType.WORD else DataType.UWORD, scope, register = registers)
+                    RegisterOrPair.XY -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, if(signed) DataType.WORD else DataType.UWORD, scope, pos, register = registers)
                     RegisterOrPair.FAC1,
-                    RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, DataType.FLOAT, scope, register = registers)
+                    RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, DataType.FLOAT, scope, pos, register = registers)
                     RegisterOrPair.R0,
                     RegisterOrPair.R1,
                     RegisterOrPair.R2,
@@ -105,80 +99,94 @@ internal class AsmAssignTarget(val kind: TargetStorageKind,
                     RegisterOrPair.R12,
                     RegisterOrPair.R13,
                     RegisterOrPair.R14,
-                    RegisterOrPair.R15 -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, if(signed) DataType.WORD else DataType.UWORD, scope, register = registers)
+                    RegisterOrPair.R15 -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, if(signed) DataType.WORD else DataType.UWORD, scope, pos, register = registers)
                 }
     }
+
+    fun isSameAs(left: PtExpression): Boolean =
+        when(kind) {
+            TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
+                val scopedName: String = if('.' in asmVarname)
+                    asmVarname
+                else {
+                    val scopeName = (scope as? PtNamedNode)?.scopedName
+                    if (scopeName == null) asmVarname else "$scopeName.$asmVarname"
+                }
+                left is PtIdentifier && left.name==scopedName
+            }
+            TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
+                left is PtArrayIndexer && left isSameAs array!! && left.splitWords==array.splitWords
+            }
+            TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> {
+                left isSameAs memory!!
+            }
+            TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, TargetStorageKind.STACK -> {
+                false
+            }
+        }
 }
 
 internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
-                               private val program: Program,
-                               private val asmgen: AsmGen,
+                               private val program: PtProgram,
+                               private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal,
                                val datatype: DataType,
                                private val variableAsmName: String? = null,
-                               val array: ArrayIndexedExpression? = null,
-                               val memory: DirectMemoryRead? = null,
+                               val array: PtArrayIndexer? = null,
+                               val memory: PtMemoryByte? = null,
                                val register: RegisterOrPair? = null,
-                               val number: NumericLiteral? = null,
-                               val expression: Expression? = null
+                               val number: PtNumber? = null,
+                               val expression: PtExpression? = null
 )
 {
-    val constMemoryAddress by lazy { memory?.addressExpression?.constValue(program)?.number?.toUInt() ?: 0u}
-    val constArrayIndexValue by lazy { array?.indexer?.constIndex()?.toUInt() }
-
     val asmVarname: String
         get() = if(array==null)
             variableAsmName!!
         else
-            asmgen.asmVariableName(array.arrayvar)
+            asmgen.asmVariableName(array.variable)
 
     companion object {
-        fun fromAstSource(indexer: ArrayIndex, program: Program, asmgen: AsmGen): AsmAssignSource = fromAstSource(indexer.indexExpr, program, asmgen)
-
-        fun fromAstSource(value: Expression, program: Program, asmgen: AsmGen): AsmAssignSource {
-            val cv = value.constValue(program)
+        fun fromAstSource(value: PtExpression, program: PtProgram, asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal): AsmAssignSource {
+            val cv = value as? PtNumber
             if(cv!=null)
                 return AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.LITERALNUMBER, program, asmgen, cv.type, number = cv)
 
             return when(value) {
-                is NumericLiteral -> throw AssemblyError("should have been constant value")
-                is StringLiteral -> throw AssemblyError("string literal value should not occur anymore for asm generation")
-                is ArrayLiteral -> throw AssemblyError("array literal value should not occur anymore for asm generation")
-                is IdentifierReference -> {
-                    val parameter = value.targetVarDecl(program)?.subroutineParameter
-                    if(parameter!=null && parameter.definingSubroutine!!.isAsmSubroutine)
+                // checked above:   is PtNumber -> throw AssemblyError("should have been constant value")
+                is PtString -> throw AssemblyError("string literal value should not occur anymore for asm generation")
+                is PtArray -> throw AssemblyError("array literal value should not occur anymore for asm generation")
+                is PtIdentifier -> {
+                    val parameter = asmgen.findSubroutineParameter(value.name, asmgen)
+                    if(parameter?.definingAsmSub() != null)
                         throw AssemblyError("can't assign from a asmsub register parameter $value ${value.position}")
-                    val dt = value.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
                     val varName=asmgen.asmVariableName(value)
                     // special case: "cx16.r[0-15]" are 16-bits virtual registers of the commander X16 system
-                    if(dt == DataType.UWORD && varName.lowercase().startsWith("cx16.r")) {
+                    if(value.type == DataType.UWORD && varName.lowercase().startsWith("cx16.r")) {
                         val regStr = varName.lowercase().substring(5)
                         val reg = RegisterOrPair.valueOf(regStr.uppercase())
-                        AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, dt, register = reg)
+                        AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, value.type, register = reg)
                     } else {
-                        AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, dt, variableAsmName = varName)
+                        AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, value.type, variableAsmName = varName)
                     }
                 }
-                is DirectMemoryRead -> {
+                is PtMemoryByte -> {
                     AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.MEMORY, program, asmgen, DataType.UBYTE, memory = value)
                 }
-                is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
-                    val dt = value.inferType(program).getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
-                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.ARRAY, program, asmgen, dt, array = value)
+                is PtArrayIndexer -> {
+                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.ARRAY, program, asmgen, value.type, array = value)
                 }
-                is BuiltinFunctionCall -> {
-                    val returnType = value.inferType(program)
-                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, returnType.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }, expression = value)
+                is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> {
+                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, value.type, expression = value)
                 }
-                is FunctionCallExpression -> {
-                    val sub = value.target.targetSubroutine(program)!!
-                    val returnType = sub.returntypes.zip(sub.asmReturnvaluesRegisters).firstOrNull { rr -> rr.second.registerOrPair != null || rr.second.statusflag!=null }?.first
+                is PtFunctionCall -> {
+                    val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(value.name)
+                    val sub = symbol!!.astNode as IPtSubroutine
+                    val returnType = sub.returnsWhatWhere().firstOrNull { rr -> rr.first.registerOrPair != null || rr.first.statusflag!=null }?.second
                             ?: throw AssemblyError("can't translate zero return values in assignment")
 
                     AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, returnType, expression = value)
                 }
                 else -> {
-                    val returnType = value.inferType(program)
-                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, returnType.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }, expression = value)
+                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, value.type, expression = value)
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -203,17 +211,27 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
 }
 
 
-internal class AsmAssignment(val source: AsmAssignSource,
-                             val target: AsmAssignTarget,
-                             val isAugmentable: Boolean,
-                             memsizer: IMemSizer,
-                             val position: Position) {
-
+internal sealed class AsmAssignmentBase(val source: AsmAssignSource,
+                                        val target: AsmAssignTarget,
+                                        val memsizer: IMemSizer,
+                                        val position: Position) {
     init {
         if(target.register !in arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.XY, RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY))
-            require(source.datatype != DataType.UNDEFINED) { "must not be placeholder/undefined datatype" }
+            require(source.datatype != DataType.UNDEFINED) { "must not be placeholder/undefined datatype at $position" }
             require(memsizer.memorySize(source.datatype) <= memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)) {
-                "source dt size must be less or equal to target dt size at $position"
+                "source dt size must be less or equal to target dt size at $position srcdt=${source.datatype} targetdt=${target.datatype}"
             }
     }
 }
+
+internal class AsmAssignment(source: AsmAssignSource,
+                             target: AsmAssignTarget,
+                             memsizer: IMemSizer,
+                             position: Position): AsmAssignmentBase(source, target, memsizer, position)
+
+internal class AsmAugmentedAssignment(source: AsmAssignSource,
+                                      val operator: String,
+                                      target: AsmAssignTarget,
+                                      memsizer: IMemSizer,
+                                      position: Position): AsmAssignmentBase(source, target, memsizer, position)
+

codeGenCpu6502/test/Dummies.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package prog8tests.codegencpu6502
+
+import prog8.code.core.*
+
+
+internal object DummyMemsizer : IMemSizer {
+    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType) = when(dt) {
+        in ByteDatatypes -> 1
+        DataType.FLOAT -> 5
+        else -> 2
+    }
+    override fun memorySize(arrayDt: DataType, numElements: Int) = when(arrayDt) {
+        DataType.ARRAY_UW -> numElements*2
+        DataType.ARRAY_W -> numElements*2
+        DataType.ARRAY_F -> numElements*5
+        else -> numElements
+    }
+}
+
+internal object DummyStringEncoder : IStringEncoding {
+    override fun encodeString(str: String, encoding: Encoding): List<UByte> {
+        return emptyList()
+    }
+
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: Iterable<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String {
+        return ""
+    }
+}
+
+internal class ErrorReporterForTests(private val throwExceptionAtReportIfErrors: Boolean=true, private val keepMessagesAfterReporting: Boolean=false):
+    IErrorReporter {
+
+    val errors = mutableListOf<String>()
+    val warnings = mutableListOf<String>()
+
+    override fun err(msg: String, position: Position) {
+        val text = "${position.toClickableStr()} $msg"
+        if(text !in errors)
+            errors.add(text)
+    }
+
+    override fun warn(msg: String, position: Position) {
+        val text = "${position.toClickableStr()} $msg"
+        if(text !in warnings)
+            warnings.add(text)
+    }
+
+    override fun noErrors(): Boolean  = errors.isEmpty()
+
+    override fun report() {
+        warnings.forEach { println("UNITTEST COMPILATION REPORT: WARNING: $it") }
+        errors.forEach { println("UNITTEST COMPILATION REPORT: ERROR: $it") }
+        if(throwExceptionAtReportIfErrors)
+            finalizeNumErrors(errors.size, warnings.size)
+        if(!keepMessagesAfterReporting) {
+            clear()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun clear() {
+        errors.clear()
+        warnings.clear()
+    }
+}

codeGenCpu6502/test/TestCodegen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+package prog8tests.codegencpu6502
+
+import io.kotest.assertions.throwables.shouldNotThrowAny
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import prog8.code.SymbolTableMaker
+import prog8.code.ast.*
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.C64Target
+import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.AsmGen6502
+import java.nio.file.Files
+import kotlin.io.path.Path
+
+class TestCodegen: FunSpec({
+
+    fun getTestOptions(): CompilationOptions {
+        val target = C64Target()
+        return CompilationOptions(
+            OutputType.RAW,
+            CbmPrgLauncherType.NONE,
+            ZeropageType.DONTUSE,
+            zpReserved = emptyList(),
+            floats = true,
+            noSysInit = false,
+            compTarget = target,
+            loadAddress = target.machine.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS
+        )
+    }
+
+    test("augmented assign on arrays") {
+//main {
+//    sub start() {
+//        ubyte[] particleX = [1,2,3]
+//        ubyte[] particleDX = [1,2,3]
+//        particleX[2] += particleDX[2]
+//
+//        word @shared xx = 1
+//        xx = -xx
+//        xx += 42
+//        xx += cx16.r0
+//    }
+//}
+        val codegen = AsmGen6502()
+        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val block = PtBlock("main", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(PtVariable("pi", DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 0.0, Position.DUMMY), null, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(PtVariable("particleX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, 3u, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(PtVariable("particleDX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, 3u, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(PtVariable("xx", DataType.WORD, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, PtNumber(DataType.WORD, 1.0, Position.DUMMY), null, Position.DUMMY))
+
+        val assign = PtAugmentedAssign("+=", Position.DUMMY)
+        val target = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            val targetIdx = PtArrayIndexer(DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY).also { idx ->
+                idx.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.particleX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, Position.DUMMY))
+                idx.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 2.0, Position.DUMMY))
+            }
+            it.add(targetIdx)
+        }
+        val value = PtArrayIndexer(DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        value.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.particleDX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, Position.DUMMY))
+        value.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 2.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        assign.add(target)
+        assign.add(value)
+        sub.add(assign)
+
+        val prefixAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("-", Position.DUMMY)
+        val prefixTarget = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        }
+        prefixAssign.add(prefixTarget)
+        prefixAssign.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(prefixAssign)
+
+        val numberAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("-=", Position.DUMMY)
+        val numberAssignTarget = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        }
+        numberAssign.add(numberAssignTarget)
+        numberAssign.add(PtNumber(DataType.WORD, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(numberAssign)
+
+        val cxregAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("+=", Position.DUMMY)
+        val cxregAssignTarget = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        }
+        cxregAssign.add(cxregAssignTarget)
+        cxregAssign.add(PtIdentifier("cx16.r0", DataType.UWORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(cxregAssign)
+
+        block.add(sub)
+        program.add(block)
+
+        // define the "cx16.r0" virtual register
+        val cx16block = PtBlock("cx16", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        cx16block.add(PtMemMapped("r0", DataType.UWORD, 100u, null, Position.DUMMY))
+        program.add(cx16block)
+
+        val options = getTestOptions()
+        val st = SymbolTableMaker(program, options).make()
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors)!!
+        result.name shouldBe "test"
+        Files.deleteIfExists(Path("${result.name}.asm"))
+    }
+
+    test("64tass assembler available? - if this fails you need to install 64tass in the path") {
+        val command = mutableListOf("64tass", "--version")
+        shouldNotThrowAny {
+            val proc = ProcessBuilder(command).inheritIO().start()
+            val result = proc.waitFor()
+            result.shouldBe(0)
+        }
+    }
+})
+

codeGenExperimental/build.gradle

@@ -24,11 +24,12 @@ compileTestKotlin {
 }
 
 dependencies {
-    implementation project(':codeAst')
     implementation project(':codeCore')
+    implementation project(':intermediate')
+    implementation project(':codeGenIntermediate')
     implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8"
     // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect"
-    implementation "com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:1.1.14"
+    implementation "com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:1.1.17"
 
 }
 

codeGenExperimental/codeGenExperimental.iml

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
     <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="KotlinJavaRuntime" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="michael.bull.kotlin.result.jvm" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="codeAst" />
+    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="codeGenIntermediate" />
+    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="intermediate" />
     <orderEntry type="module" module-name="codeCore" />
   </component>
 </module>

codeGenExperimental/src/prog8/codegen/experimental/AsmGen.kt

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.codegen.experimental
-
-import prog8.code.SymbolTable
-import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
-import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.code.core.IAssemblyGenerator
-import prog8.code.core.IAssemblyProgram
-import prog8.code.core.IErrorReporter
-
-/*
-
-    NOTE: The goal is to keep the dependencies as lean as possible! For now, we depend only on:
-         - codeAst (the 'lean' new AST and the SymbolTable)
-         - codeCore (various base enums and interfaces)
-
-    This *should* be enough to build a complete code generator with. But we'll see :)
-
- */
-
-
-class AsmGen(internal val program: PtProgram,
-             internal val symbolTable: SymbolTable,
-             internal val options: CompilationOptions,
-             internal val errors: IErrorReporter
-): IAssemblyGenerator {
-
-    override fun compileToAssembly(): IAssemblyProgram? {
-
-        println("\n** experimental code generator **\n")
-
-        println("Writing AST into XML form...")
-        val xmlConv = AstToXmlConverter(program, symbolTable, options)
-        xmlConv.writeXml()
-
-        println("..todo: create assembly program into ${options.outputDir.toAbsolutePath()}..")
-
-        return AssemblyProgram("dummy")
-    }
-}

codeGenExperimental/src/prog8/codegen/experimental/AssemblyProgram.kt

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.codegen.experimental
-
-import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.code.core.IAssemblyProgram
-
-
-internal class AssemblyProgram(override val name: String) : IAssemblyProgram
-{
-    override fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions): Boolean {
-        println("..todo: assemble code into binary..")
-        return true
-    }
-}

codeGenExperimental/src/prog8/codegen/experimental/AstToXmlConverter.kt

@@ -1,667 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.codegen.experimental
-
-import prog8.code.*
-import prog8.code.ast.*
-import prog8.code.core.*
-import javax.xml.stream.XMLOutputFactory
-import kotlin.io.path.Path
-import kotlin.io.path.absolutePathString
-import kotlin.io.path.div
-
-/*
-
-    NOTE: The goal is to keep the dependencies as lean as possible! For now, we depend only on:
-         - codeAst (the 'lean' new AST and the SymbolTable)
-         - codeCore (various base enums and interfaces)
-
-    This *should* be enough to build a complete code generator with. But we'll see :)
-
- */
-
-
-class AstToXmlConverter(internal val program: PtProgram,
-                        internal val symbolTable: SymbolTable,
-                        internal val options: CompilationOptions
-) {
-
-    private lateinit var xml: IndentingXmlWriter
-
-    fun writeXml() {
-        val writer = (options.outputDir / Path(program.name+"-ast.xml")).toFile().printWriter()
-        xml = IndentingXmlWriter(XMLOutputFactory.newFactory().createXMLStreamWriter(writer))
-        xml.doc()
-        xml.elt("program")
-        xml.attr("name", program.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeOptions(options)
-        program.children.forEach { writeNode(it) }
-        writeSymboltable(symbolTable)
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.endDoc()
-        xml.close()
-    }
-
-    private fun writeSymboltable(st: SymbolTable) {
-        xml.elt("symboltable")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        st.flat.forEach{ (name, entry) ->
-            xml.elt("entry")
-            xml.attr("name", name.joinToString("."))
-            xml.attr("type", entry.type.name)
-            xml.startChildren()
-            writeStNode(entry)
-            xml.endElt()
-        }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun writeStNode(node: StNode) {
-        when(node.type) {
-            StNodeType.GLOBAL,
-            StNodeType.LABEL,
-            StNodeType.BLOCK,
-            StNodeType.BUILTINFUNC,
-            StNodeType.SUBROUTINE -> {/* no additional info*/}
-            StNodeType.ROMSUB -> {
-                node as StRomSub
-                xml.elt("romsub")
-                xml.attr("address", node.address.toString())
-                xml.endElt()
-            }
-            StNodeType.STATICVAR -> {
-                node as StStaticVariable
-                xml.elt("var")
-                xml.attr("type", node.dt.name)
-                xml.attr("zpwish", node.zpwish.name)
-                if(node.length!=null)
-                    xml.attr("length", node.length.toString())
-                if(node.initialNumericValue!=null || node.initialArrayValue!=null || node.initialStringValue!=null) {
-                    xml.startChildren()
-                    if(node.initialNumericValue!=null) {
-                        writeNumber(node.dt, node.initialNumericValue!!)
-                    }
-                    if(node.initialStringValue!=null) {
-                        xml.writeTextNode(
-                            "string",
-                            listOf(Pair("encoding", node.initialStringValue!!.second.name)),
-                            node.initialStringValue!!.first,
-                            false
-                        )
-                    }
-                    if(node.initialArrayValue!=null) {
-                        xml.elt("array")
-                        xml.startChildren()
-                        val eltDt = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(node.dt)
-                        node.initialArrayValue!!.forEach {
-                            if(it.number!=null) {
-                                writeNumber(eltDt, it.number!!)
-                            }
-                            if(it.addressOf!=null) {
-                                xml.elt("addressof")
-                                xml.attr("symbol", it.addressOf!!.joinToString("."))
-                                xml.endElt()
-                            }
-                        }
-                        xml.endElt()
-                    }
-                }
-                xml.endElt()
-            }
-            StNodeType.MEMVAR -> {
-                node as StMemVar
-                xml.writeTextNode("memvar",
-                    listOf(Pair("type", node.dt.name)),
-                    node.address.toString(),
-                    false)
-            }
-            StNodeType.CONSTANT -> {
-                node as StConstant
-                xml.writeTextNode("const",
-                    listOf(Pair("type", node.dt.name)),
-                    intOrDouble(node.dt, node.value).toString(),
-                    false)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun writeOptions(options: CompilationOptions) {
-        xml.elt("options")
-        xml.attr("target", options.compTarget.name)
-        xml.attr("output", options.output.name)
-        xml.attr("launcher", options.launcher.name)
-        xml.attr("zeropage", options.zeropage.name)
-        xml.attr("loadaddress", options.loadAddress.toString())
-        xml.attr("floatsenabled", options.floats.toString())
-        xml.attr("nosysinit", options.noSysInit.toString())
-        xml.attr("dontreinitglobals", options.dontReinitGlobals.toString())
-        xml.attr("optimize", options.optimize.toString())
-        if(options.zpReserved.isNotEmpty()) {
-            xml.startChildren()
-            options.zpReserved.forEach {
-                xml.elt("zpreserved")
-                xml.attr("from", it.first.toString())
-                xml.attr("to", it.last.toString())
-                xml.endElt()
-            }
-        }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun writeNode(it: PtNode) {
-        when(it) {
-            is PtBlock -> write(it)
-            is PtSub -> write(it)
-            is PtVariable -> write(it)
-            is PtAssignment -> write(it)
-            is PtConstant -> write(it)
-            is PtAsmSub -> write(it)
-            is PtAddressOf -> write(it)
-            is PtArrayIndexer -> write(it)
-            is PtArray -> write(it)
-            is PtBinaryExpression -> write(it)
-            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> write(it)
-            is PtConditionalBranch -> write(it)
-            is PtContainmentCheck -> write(it)
-            is PtForLoop -> write(it)
-            is PtFunctionCall -> write(it)
-            is PtIdentifier -> write(it)
-            is PtIfElse -> write(it)
-            is PtInlineAssembly -> write(it)
-            is PtIncludeBinary -> write(it)
-            is PtJump -> write(it)
-            is PtMemoryByte -> write(it)
-            is PtMemMapped -> write(it)
-            is PtNumber -> write(it)
-            is PtPipe -> write(it)
-            is PtPostIncrDecr -> write(it)
-            is PtPrefix -> write(it)
-            is PtRange -> write(it)
-            is PtRepeatLoop -> write(it)
-            is PtReturn -> write(it)
-            is PtString -> write(it)
-            is PtTypeCast -> write(it)
-            is PtWhen -> write(it)
-            is PtWhenChoice -> write(it)
-            is PtLabel -> write(it)
-            is PtNop -> {}
-            is PtBreakpoint -> write(it)
-            is PtScopeVarsDecls -> write(it)
-            is PtNodeGroup -> it.children.forEach { writeNode(it) }
-            else -> TODO("$it")
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun write(vars: PtScopeVarsDecls) {
-        xml.elt("vars")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        vars.children.forEach { writeNode(it) }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(breakPt: PtBreakpoint) {
-        xml.elt("breakpoint")
-        xml.pos(breakPt.position)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(pipe: PtPipe) {
-        xml.elt("pipe")
-        xml.attr("type", pipe.type.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        pipe.children.forEach { writeNode(it) }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(array: PtArray) {
-        xml.elt("array")
-        xml.attr("type", array.type.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        array.children.forEach { writeNode(it) }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(prefix: PtPrefix) {
-        xml.elt("prefix")
-        xml.attr("op", prefix.operator)
-        xml.attr("type", prefix.type.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        xml.elt("value")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(prefix.value)
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(string: PtString) =
-        xml.writeTextNode("string", listOf(Pair("encoding", string.encoding.name)), string.value, false)
-
-    private fun write(rept: PtRepeatLoop) {
-        xml.elt("repeat")
-        xml.pos(rept.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        xml.elt("count")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(rept.count)
-        xml.endElt()
-        writeNode(rept.statements)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(branch: PtConditionalBranch) {
-        xml.elt("conditionalbranch")
-        xml.attr("condition", branch.condition.name)
-        xml.pos(branch.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        xml.elt("true")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(branch.trueScope)
-        xml.endElt()
-        if(branch.falseScope.children.isNotEmpty()) {
-            xml.elt("false")
-            xml.startChildren()
-            writeNode(branch.falseScope)
-            xml.endElt()
-        }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(check: PtContainmentCheck) {
-        xml.elt("containment")
-        xml.attr("type", check.type.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        xml.elt("element")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(check.children[0])
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.elt("iterable")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(check.children[1])
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(range: PtRange) {
-        xml.elt("range")
-        xml.attr("type", range.type.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        xml.elt("from")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(range.from)
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.elt("to")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(range.to)
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.elt("step")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(range.step)
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(forLoop: PtForLoop) {
-        xml.elt("for")
-        xml.attr("loopvar", strTargetName(forLoop.variable))
-        xml.pos(forLoop.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        xml.elt("iterable")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(forLoop.iterable)
-        xml.endElt()
-        writeNode(forLoop.statements)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(membyte: PtMemoryByte) {
-        xml.elt("membyte")
-        xml.attr("type", membyte.type.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        xml.elt("address")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(membyte.address)
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(whenStmt: PtWhen) {
-        xml.elt("when")
-        xml.pos(whenStmt.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        xml.elt("value")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(whenStmt.value)
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.elt("choices")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(whenStmt.choices)
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(choice: PtWhenChoice) {
-        xml.elt("choice")
-        if(choice.isElse) {
-            xml.attr("else", "true")
-            xml.startChildren()
-        } else {
-            xml.startChildren()
-            xml.elt("values")
-            xml.startChildren()
-            writeNode(choice.values)
-            xml.endElt()
-        }
-        writeNode(choice.statements)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(inlineAsm: PtInlineAssembly) {
-        xml.elt("assembly")
-        xml.pos(inlineAsm.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        xml.writeTextNode("code", emptyList(), inlineAsm.assembly)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(inlineBinary: PtIncludeBinary) {
-        xml.elt("binary")
-        xml.attr("filename", inlineBinary.file.absolutePathString())
-        if(inlineBinary.offset!=null)
-            xml.attr("offset", inlineBinary.offset!!.toString())
-        if(inlineBinary.length!=null)
-            xml.attr("length", inlineBinary.length!!.toString())
-        xml.pos(inlineBinary.position)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall) {
-        xml.elt("builtinfcall")
-        xml.attr("name", fcall.name)
-        if(fcall.void)
-            xml.attr("type", "VOID")
-        else
-            xml.attr("type", fcall.type.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        fcall.children.forEach { writeNode(it) }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(cast: PtTypeCast) {
-        xml.elt("cast")
-        xml.attr("type", cast.type.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(cast.value)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(aix: PtArrayIndexer) {
-        xml.elt("arrayindexed")
-        xml.attr("type", aix.type.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        write(aix.variable)
-        writeNode(aix.index)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(binexpr: PtBinaryExpression) {
-        xml.elt("binexpr")
-        xml.attr("op", binexpr.operator)
-        xml.attr("type", binexpr.type.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(binexpr.left)
-        writeNode(binexpr.right)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(addrof: PtAddressOf) {
-        xml.elt("addressof")
-        xml.attr("symbol", strTargetName(addrof.identifier))
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(fcall: PtFunctionCall) {
-        xml.elt("fcall")
-        xml.attr("name", strTargetName(fcall))
-        if(fcall.void)
-            xml.attr("type", "VOID")
-        else
-            xml.attr("type", fcall.type.name)
-        xml.pos(fcall.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        fcall.children.forEach { writeNode(it) }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(number: PtNumber) = writeNumber(number.type, number.number)
-
-    private fun writeNumber(type: DataType, number: Double) =
-        xml.writeTextNode("number", listOf(Pair("type", type.name)), intOrDouble(type, number).toString(), false)
-
-    private fun write(symbol: PtIdentifier) {
-        xml.elt("symbol")
-        xml.attr("name", strTargetName(symbol))
-        xml.attr("type", symbol.type.name)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(assign: PtAssignment) {
-        xml.elt("assign")
-        xml.attr("aug", assign.augmentable.toString())
-        xml.pos(assign.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        write(assign.target)
-        writeNode(assign.value)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(ifElse: PtIfElse) {
-        xml.elt("ifelse")
-        xml.pos(ifElse.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        xml.elt("condition")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(ifElse.condition)
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.elt("true")
-        xml.pos(ifElse.ifScope.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(ifElse.ifScope)
-        xml.endElt()
-        if(ifElse.elseScope.children.isNotEmpty()) {
-            xml.elt("false")
-            xml.pos(ifElse.elseScope.position)
-            xml.startChildren()
-            writeNode(ifElse.elseScope)
-            xml.endElt()
-        }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(ret: PtReturn) {
-        xml.elt("return")
-        if(ret.hasValue) {
-            xml.startChildren()
-            writeNode(ret.value!!)
-        }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(incdec: PtPostIncrDecr) {
-        if(incdec.operator=="++") xml.elt("inc") else xml.elt("dec")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        write(incdec.target)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(label: PtLabel) {
-        xml.elt("label")
-        xml.attr("name", label.scopedName.joinToString("."))
-        xml.pos(label.position)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(block: PtBlock) {
-        xml.elt("block")
-        xml.attr("name", block.scopedName.joinToString("."))
-        if(block.address!=null)
-            xml.attr("address", block.address!!.toString())
-        xml.attr("library", block.library.toString())
-        xml.pos(block.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        block.children.forEach { writeNode(it) }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(memMapped: PtMemMapped) {
-        xml.writeTextNode("memvar",
-            listOf(
-                Pair("name", memMapped.scopedName.joinToString(".")),
-                Pair("type", memMapped.type.name)
-            ),
-            memMapped.address.toString(),
-            false)
-    }
-
-    private fun write(target: PtAssignTarget) {
-        xml.elt("target")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        if(target.identifier!=null) {
-            writeNode(target.identifier!!)
-        } else if(target.memory!=null) {
-            writeNode(target.memory!!)
-        } else if(target.array!=null) {
-            writeNode(target.array!!)
-        } else
-            throw InternalCompilerException("weird assign target")
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(jump: PtJump) {
-        xml.elt("jump")
-        if(jump.identifier!=null) xml.attr("symbol", strTargetName(jump.identifier!!))
-        else if(jump.address!=null) xml.attr("address", jump.address!!.toString())
-        else if(jump.generatedLabel!=null) xml.attr("label", jump.generatedLabel!!)
-        else
-            throw InternalCompilerException("weird jump target")
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(sub: PtSub) {
-        xml.elt("sub")
-        xml.attr("name", sub.scopedName.joinToString("."))
-        if(sub.inline)
-            xml.attr("inline", "true")
-        xml.attr("returntype", sub.returntype?.toString() ?: "VOID")
-        xml.pos(sub.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        if(sub.parameters.isNotEmpty()) {
-            xml.elt("parameters")
-            xml.startChildren()
-            sub.parameters.forEach { write(it) }
-            xml.endElt()
-        }
-        sub.children.forEach { writeNode(it) }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(parameter: PtSubroutineParameter, registerOrStatusflag: RegisterOrStatusflag? = null) {
-        xml.elt("param")
-        xml.attr("name", parameter.name)
-        xml.attr("type", parameter.type.name)
-        if(registerOrStatusflag?.statusflag!=null) {
-            xml.attr("statusflag", registerOrStatusflag.statusflag!!.toString())
-        }
-        if(registerOrStatusflag?.registerOrPair!=null){
-            xml.attr("registers", registerOrStatusflag.registerOrPair!!.name)
-        }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(asmSub: PtAsmSub) {
-        if(asmSub.address!=null) {
-            xml.elt("romsub")
-            xml.attr("name", asmSub.scopedName.joinToString("."))
-            xml.attr("address", asmSub.address!!.toString())
-            if(asmSub.inline)
-                xml.attr("inline", "true")
-            xml.pos(asmSub.position)
-            xml.startChildren()
-            paramsEtcetera(asmSub)
-            xml.endElt()
-        }
-        else {
-            xml.elt("asmsub")
-            xml.attr("name", asmSub.scopedName.joinToString("."))
-            if(asmSub.inline)
-                xml.attr("inline", "true")
-            xml.pos(asmSub.position)
-            xml.startChildren()
-            paramsEtcetera(asmSub)
-            xml.elt("code")
-            xml.startChildren()
-            asmSub.children.forEach { writeNode(it) }
-            xml.endElt()
-            xml.endElt()
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun paramsEtcetera(asmSub: PtAsmSub) {
-        if(asmSub.parameters.isNotEmpty()) {
-            xml.elt("parameters")
-            xml.startChildren()
-            asmSub.parameters.forEach { (param, reg) -> write(param, reg) }
-            xml.endElt()
-        }
-        if(asmSub.clobbers.isNotEmpty()) {
-            xml.elt("clobbers")
-            xml.attr("registers", asmSub.clobbers.map {it.name}.joinToString(","))
-            xml.endElt()
-        }
-        if(asmSub.retvalRegisters.isNotEmpty()) {
-            xml.elt("returns")
-            xml.startChildren()
-            asmSub.retvalRegisters.forEach {
-                xml.elt("register")
-                if(it.statusflag!=null)
-                    xml.attr("statusflag", it.statusflag!!.toString())
-                if(it.registerOrPair!=null)
-                    xml.attr("registers", it.registerOrPair!!.toString())
-                xml.endElt()
-            }
-            xml.endElt()
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun write(constant: PtConstant) {
-        xml.writeTextNode("const",
-            listOf(
-                Pair("name", constant.scopedName.joinToString(".")),
-                Pair("type", constant.type.name)
-            ),
-            intOrDouble(constant.type, constant.value).toString(), false)
-    }
-
-    private fun write(variable: PtVariable) {
-        // the variable declaration nodes are still present in the Ast,
-        // but the Symboltable should be used look up their details.
-        xml.elt("vardecl")
-        xml.attr("name", variable.scopedName.joinToString("."))
-        xml.attr("type", variable.type.name)
-        if(variable.arraySize!=null)
-            xml.attr("arraysize", variable.arraySize.toString())
-        if(variable.value!=null) {
-            // static initialization value
-            xml.startChildren()
-            writeNode(variable.value!!)
-        }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-
-
-    private fun strTargetName(ident: PtIdentifier): String = ident.targetName.joinToString(".")
-
-    private fun strTargetName(call: PtFunctionCall): String = call.functionName.joinToString(".")
-
-    private fun intOrDouble(type: DataType, value: Double): Number =
-        if(type in IntegerDatatypes) value.toInt() else value
-}

codeGenExperimental/src/prog8/codegen/experimental/ExperiCodeGen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package prog8.codegen.experimental
+
+import prog8.code.SymbolTable
+import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
+import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
+import prog8.code.core.IAssemblyProgram
+import prog8.code.core.ICodeGeneratorBackend
+import prog8.code.core.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.codegen.intermediate.IRCodeGen
+import prog8.intermediate.IRFileWriter
+
+class ExperiCodeGen: ICodeGeneratorBackend {
+    override fun generate(
+        program: PtProgram,
+        symbolTable: SymbolTable,
+        options: CompilationOptions,
+        errors: IErrorReporter
+    ): IAssemblyProgram? {
+
+        // you could write a code generator directly on the PtProgram AST,
+        // but you can also use the Intermediate Representation to build a codegen on:
+        val irCodeGen = IRCodeGen(program, symbolTable, options, errors)
+        val irProgram = irCodeGen.generate()
+
+        // this stub only writes the IR program to disk but doesn't generate anything else.
+        IRFileWriter(irProgram, null).write()
+
+        println("** experimental codegen stub: no assembly generated **")
+        return null
+    }
+}

codeGenExperimental/src/prog8/codegen/experimental/IndentingXmlWriter.kt

@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.codegen.experimental
-
-import prog8.code.core.Position
-import java.util.*
-import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamWriter
-
-class IndentingXmlWriter(val xml: XMLStreamWriter): XMLStreamWriter by xml {
-    private var indent = 0
-    private var content = Stack<Boolean>()
-
-    fun doc(version: String? = null) = if(version==null) writeStartDocument() else writeStartDocument(version)
-    fun endDoc() = writeEndDocument()
-    fun elt(name: String) = writeStartElement(name)
-    fun attr(name: String, value: String) = writeAttribute(name, value)
-    fun attrs(attributes: List<Pair<String, String>>) = attributes.forEach { writeAttribute(it.first, it.second) }
-    fun startChildren() {
-        xml.writeCharacters("\n")
-        content.pop()
-        content.push(true)
-    }
-    fun endElt(writeIndent: Boolean=true) = writeEndElement(writeIndent)
-    fun pos(pos: Position) = writeAttribute("src", pos.toString())
-    fun comment(text: String) {
-        writeComment(text)
-        writeCharacters("\n")
-    }
-
-    override fun writeStartDocument() {
-        xml.writeStartDocument()
-        xml.writeCharacters("\n")
-        content.push(true)
-    }
-
-    override fun writeStartDocument(version: String) {
-        xml.writeStartDocument(version)
-        xml.writeCharacters("\n")
-        content.push(true)
-    }
-
-    override fun writeEndDocument() {
-        xml.writeEndDocument()
-        xml.writeCharacters("\n")
-        require(indent==0)
-        require(content.size==1)
-    }
-
-    override fun writeStartElement(name: String) {
-        xml.writeCharacters("  ".repeat(indent))
-        xml.writeStartElement(name)
-        indent++
-        content.push(false)
-    }
-
-    override fun writeStartElement(name: String, ns: String) {
-        xml.writeCharacters("  ".repeat(indent))
-        xml.writeStartElement(name, ns)
-        indent++
-        content.push(false)
-    }
-
-    fun writeEndElement(writeIndents: Boolean) {
-        indent--
-        if(content.pop() && writeIndents)
-            xml.writeCharacters("  ".repeat(indent))
-        xml.writeEndElement()
-        xml.writeCharacters("\n")
-    }
-
-    override fun writeEndElement() = writeEndElement(true)
-
-    override fun writeStartElement(name: String, ns: String, p2: String) {
-        xml.writeCharacters("  ".repeat(indent))
-        xml.writeStartElement(name, ns, p2)
-        indent++
-        content.push(false)
-    }
-
-    fun writeTextNode(name: String, attrs: List<Pair<String, String>>, text: String, cdata: Boolean = true) {
-        xml.writeCharacters("  ".repeat(indent))
-        xml.writeStartElement(name)
-        attrs.forEach { (name, value) -> xml.writeAttribute(name, value) }
-        if(cdata)
-            xml.writeCData(text)
-        else
-            xml.writeCharacters(text)
-        xml.writeEndElement()
-        xml.writeCharacters("\n")
-    }
-}

codeGenIntermediate/build.gradle

@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ compileTestKotlin {
 }
 
 dependencies {
-    implementation project(':virtualmachine')
-    implementation project(':codeAst')
     implementation project(':codeCore')
+    implementation project(':intermediate')
     implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8"
     // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect"
-    implementation "com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:1.1.14"
+    implementation "com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:1.1.17"
 
+    testImplementation 'io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5-jvm:5.6.2'
 }
 
 sourceSets {
@@ -42,6 +42,22 @@ sourceSets {
             srcDirs = ["${project.projectDir}/res"]
         }
     }
+    test {
+        java {
+            srcDir "${project.projectDir}/test"
+        }
+    }
 }
 
-// note: there are no unit tests in this module!
+test {
+    // Enable JUnit 5 (Gradle 4.6+).
+    useJUnitPlatform()
+
+    // Always run tests, even when nothing changed.
+    dependsOn 'cleanTest'
+
+    // Show test results.
+    testLogging {
+        events "skipped", "failed"
+    }
+}

codeGenIntermediate/codeGenIntermediate.iml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module type="JAVA_MODULE" version="4">
+  <component name="NewModuleRootManager" inherit-compiler-output="true">
+    <exclude-output />
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src" isTestSource="false" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/test" isTestSource="true" />
+      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build" />
+    </content>
+    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
+    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="KotlinJavaRuntime" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="codeCore" />
+    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="intermediate" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="io.kotest.assertions.core.jvm" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="io.kotest.runner.junit5.jvm" level="project" />
+  </component>
+</module>

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/AssignmentGen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+package prog8.codegen.intermediate
+
+import prog8.code.StStaticVariable
+import prog8.code.ast.*
+import prog8.code.core.AssemblyError
+import prog8.code.core.DataType
+import prog8.code.core.PrefixOperators
+import prog8.code.core.SignedDatatypes
+import prog8.intermediate.*
+
+internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val expressionEval: ExpressionGen) {
+
+    internal fun translate(assignment: PtAssignment): IRCodeChunks {
+        if(assignment.target.children.single() is PtMachineRegister)
+            throw AssemblyError("assigning to a register should be done by just evaluating the expression into resultregister")
+
+        return translateRegularAssign(assignment)
+    }
+
+    internal fun translate(augAssign: PtAugmentedAssign): IRCodeChunks {
+        if(augAssign.target.children.single() is PtMachineRegister)
+            throw AssemblyError("assigning to a register should be done by just evaluating the expression into resultregister")
+
+        val ident = augAssign.target.identifier
+        val memory = augAssign.target.memory
+        val array = augAssign.target.array
+
+        return if(ident!=null) {
+            assignVarAugmented(ident.name, augAssign)
+        } else if(memory != null) {
+            if(memory.address is PtNumber)
+                assignMemoryAugmented((memory.address as PtNumber).number.toInt(), augAssign)
+            else
+                fallbackAssign(augAssign)
+        } else if(array!=null) {
+            // NOTE: naive fallback assignment here will sometimes generate code that loads the index value multiple times
+            // in a register. It's way too much work to optimize that here - instead, we trust that the generated IL assembly
+            // will be optimized later and have the double assignments removed.
+            fallbackAssign(augAssign)
+        } else {
+            fallbackAssign(augAssign)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun assignMemoryAugmented(
+        address: Int,
+        assignment: PtAugmentedAssign
+    ): IRCodeChunks {
+        val value = assignment.value
+        val vmDt = irType(value.type)
+        return when(assignment.operator) {
+            "+" -> expressionEval.operatorPlusInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "-" -> expressionEval.operatorMinusInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "*" -> expressionEval.operatorMultiplyInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "/" -> expressionEval.operatorDivideInplace(address, null, vmDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            "|" -> expressionEval.operatorOrInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "&" -> expressionEval.operatorAndInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "^" -> expressionEval.operatorXorInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "<<" -> expressionEval.operatorShiftLeftInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            ">>" -> expressionEval.operatorShiftRightInplace(address, null, vmDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            "%=" -> expressionEval.operatorModuloInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "==" -> expressionEval.operatorEqualsInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "!=" -> expressionEval.operatorNotEqualsInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "<" -> expressionEval.operatorLessInplace(address, null, vmDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            ">" -> expressionEval.operatorGreaterInplace(address, null, vmDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            "<=" -> expressionEval.operatorLessEqualInplace(address, null, vmDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            ">=" -> expressionEval.operatorGreaterEqualInplace(address, null, vmDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            in PrefixOperators -> inplacePrefix(assignment.operator, vmDt, address, null)
+
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid augmented assign operator ${assignment.operator}")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun assignVarAugmented(symbol: String, assignment: PtAugmentedAssign): IRCodeChunks {
+        val value = assignment.value
+        val targetDt = irType(assignment.target.type)
+        return when (assignment.operator) {
+            "+=" -> expressionEval.operatorPlusInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
+            "-=" -> expressionEval.operatorMinusInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
+            "*=" -> expressionEval.operatorMultiplyInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
+            "/=" -> expressionEval.operatorDivideInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            "|=" -> expressionEval.operatorOrInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
+            "&=" -> expressionEval.operatorAndInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
+            "^=" -> expressionEval.operatorXorInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
+            "<<=" -> expressionEval.operatorShiftLeftInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
+            ">>=" -> expressionEval.operatorShiftRightInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            "%=" -> expressionEval.operatorModuloInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
+            "==" -> expressionEval.operatorEqualsInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
+            "!=" -> expressionEval.operatorNotEqualsInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
+            "<" -> expressionEval.operatorLessInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            ">" -> expressionEval.operatorGreaterInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            "<=" -> expressionEval.operatorLessEqualInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            ">=" -> expressionEval.operatorGreaterEqualInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            in PrefixOperators -> inplacePrefix(assignment.operator, targetDt, null, symbol)
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid augmented assign operator ${assignment.operator}")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun fallbackAssign(origAssign: PtAugmentedAssign): IRCodeChunks {
+        if (codeGen.options.slowCodegenWarnings)
+            codeGen.errors.warn("indirect code for in-place assignment", origAssign.position)
+        val value: PtExpression
+        if(origAssign.operator in PrefixOperators) {
+            value = PtPrefix(origAssign.operator, origAssign.value.type, origAssign.value.position)
+            value.add(origAssign.value)
+        } else {
+            require(origAssign.operator.endsWith('='))
+            if(codeGen.options.useNewExprCode) {
+                // X += Y  ->   temp = X,  temp += Y,  X = temp
+                val tempvar = codeGen.getReusableTempvar(origAssign.definingSub()!!, origAssign.target.type)
+                val assign = PtAssignment(origAssign.position)
+                val target = PtAssignTarget(origAssign.position)
+                target.add(tempvar)
+                assign.add(target)
+                assign.add(origAssign.target.children.single())
+                val augAssign = PtAugmentedAssign(origAssign.operator, origAssign.position)
+                augAssign.add(target)
+                augAssign.add(origAssign.value)
+                val assignBack = PtAssignment(origAssign.position)
+                assignBack.add(origAssign.target)
+                assignBack.add(tempvar)
+                return translateRegularAssign(assign) + translate(augAssign) + translateRegularAssign(assignBack)
+            } else {
+                value = PtBinaryExpression(origAssign.operator.dropLast(1), origAssign.value.type, origAssign.value.position)
+                val left: PtExpression = origAssign.target.children.single() as PtExpression
+                value.add(left)
+                value.add(origAssign.value)
+            }
+        }
+        val normalAssign = PtAssignment(origAssign.position)
+        normalAssign.add(origAssign.target)
+        normalAssign.add(value)
+        return translateRegularAssign(normalAssign)
+    }
+
+    private fun inplacePrefix(operator: String, vmDt: IRDataType, address: Int?, symbol: String?): IRCodeChunks {
+        val code= IRCodeChunk(null, null)
+        when(operator) {
+            "+" -> { }
+            "-" -> {
+                code += if(address!=null)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.NEGM, vmDt, address = address)
+                else
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.NEGM, vmDt, labelSymbol = symbol)
+            }
+            "~" -> {
+                val regMask = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                val mask = if(vmDt==IRDataType.BYTE) 0x00ff else 0xffff
+                code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=regMask, immediate = mask)
+                code += if(address!=null)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.XORM, vmDt, reg1=regMask, address = address)
+                else
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.XORM, vmDt, reg1=regMask, labelSymbol = symbol)
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird prefix operator")
+        }
+        return listOf(code)
+    }
+
+    private fun translateRegularAssign(assignment: PtAssignment): IRCodeChunks {
+        // note: assigning array and string values is done via an explicit memcopy/stringcopy function call.
+        val targetIdent = assignment.target.identifier
+        val targetMemory = assignment.target.memory
+        val targetArray = assignment.target.array
+        val valueDt = irType(assignment.value.type)
+        val targetDt = irType(assignment.target.type)
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+
+        var valueRegister = -1
+        var valueFpRegister = -1
+        val zero = codeGen.isZero(assignment.value)
+        if(!zero) {
+            // calculate the assignment value
+            if (valueDt == IRDataType.FLOAT) {
+                val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(assignment.value)
+                valueFpRegister = tr.resultFpReg
+                addToResult(result, tr, -1, valueFpRegister)
+            } else {
+                val extendByteToWord = if(targetDt != valueDt) {
+                    // usually an error EXCEPT when a byte is assigned to a word.
+                    if(targetDt==IRDataType.WORD && valueDt==IRDataType.BYTE)
+                        true
+                    else
+                        throw AssemblyError("assignment value and target dt mismatch")
+                } else false
+                if (assignment.value is PtMachineRegister) {
+                    valueRegister = (assignment.value as PtMachineRegister).register
+                    if(extendByteToWord)
+                        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.EXT, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueRegister), null)
+                } else {
+                    val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(assignment.value)
+                    valueRegister = tr.resultReg
+                    addToResult(result, tr, valueRegister, -1)
+                    if(extendByteToWord) {
+                        val opcode = if(assignment.value.type in SignedDatatypes) Opcode.EXTS else Opcode.EXT
+                        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(opcode, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = valueRegister), null)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if(targetIdent!=null) {
+            val instruction = if(zero) {
+                IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, targetDt, labelSymbol = targetIdent.name)
+            } else {
+                if (targetDt == IRDataType.FLOAT)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, targetDt, fpReg1 = valueFpRegister, labelSymbol = targetIdent.name)
+                else
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, targetDt, reg1 = valueRegister, labelSymbol = targetIdent.name)
+            }
+            result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += instruction }
+            return result
+        }
+        else if(targetArray!=null) {
+            val variable = targetArray.variable.name
+            val itemsize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(targetArray.type)
+
+            if(targetArray.variable.type==DataType.UWORD) {
+                // indexing a pointer var instead of a real array or string
+                if(itemsize!=1)
+                    throw AssemblyError("non-array var indexing requires bytes dt")
+                if(targetArray.index.type!=DataType.UBYTE)
+                    throw AssemblyError("non-array var indexing requires bytes index")
+                val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(targetArray.index)
+                val idxReg = tr.resultReg
+                addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+                val code = IRCodeChunk(null, null)
+                if(zero) {
+                    // there's no STOREZIX instruction
+                    valueRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                    code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, targetDt, reg1=valueRegister, immediate = 0)
+                }
+                code += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREIX, targetDt, reg1=valueRegister, reg2=idxReg, labelSymbol = variable)
+                result += code
+                return result
+            }
+
+            val fixedIndex = constIntValue(targetArray.index)
+            val iterable = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(targetArray.variable.name) as StStaticVariable
+            val arrayLength = iterable.length!!
+            if(zero) {
+                if(fixedIndex!=null) {
+                    val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                        if(targetArray.splitWords) {
+                            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, IRDataType.BYTE, immediate = arrayLength, labelSymbol = "${variable}_lsb+$fixedIndex")
+                            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, IRDataType.BYTE, immediate = arrayLength, labelSymbol = "${variable}_msb+$fixedIndex")
+                        }
+                        else
+                            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, targetDt, labelSymbol = "$variable+${fixedIndex*itemsize}")
+                    }
+                    result += chunk
+                } else {
+                    val (code, indexReg) = loadIndexReg(targetArray, itemsize)
+                    result += code
+                    result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                        if(targetArray.splitWords) {
+                            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZX, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = indexReg, immediate = arrayLength, labelSymbol = variable+"_lsb")
+                            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZX, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = indexReg, immediate = arrayLength, labelSymbol = variable+"_msb")
+                        }
+                        else
+                            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZX, targetDt, reg1=indexReg, labelSymbol = variable)
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                if(targetDt== IRDataType.FLOAT) {
+                    if(fixedIndex!=null) {
+                        val offset = fixedIndex*itemsize
+                        val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, targetDt, fpReg1 = valueFpRegister, labelSymbol = "$variable+$offset")
+                        }
+                        result += chunk
+                    } else {
+                        val (code, indexReg) = loadIndexReg(targetArray, itemsize)
+                        result += code
+                        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREX, targetDt, reg1 = indexReg, fpReg1 = valueFpRegister, labelSymbol = variable)
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if(fixedIndex!=null) {
+                        val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                            if(targetArray.splitWords) {
+                                val msbReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = valueRegister, immediate = arrayLength, labelSymbol = "${variable}_lsb+$fixedIndex")
+                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.MSIG, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = msbReg, reg2 = valueRegister)
+                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = msbReg, immediate = arrayLength, labelSymbol = "${variable}_msb+$fixedIndex")
+                            }
+                            else
+                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, targetDt, reg1 = valueRegister, labelSymbol = "$variable+${fixedIndex*itemsize}")
+                        }
+                        result += chunk
+                    } else {
+                        val (code, indexReg) = loadIndexReg(targetArray, itemsize)
+                        result += code
+                        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                            if(targetArray.splitWords) {
+                                val msbReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREX, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = valueRegister, reg2=indexReg, immediate = arrayLength, labelSymbol = "${variable}_lsb")
+                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.MSIG, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = msbReg, reg2 = valueRegister)
+                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREX, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = msbReg, reg2=indexReg, immediate = arrayLength, labelSymbol = "${variable}_msb")
+                            }
+                            else
+                                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREX, targetDt, reg1 = valueRegister, reg2=indexReg, labelSymbol = variable)
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return result
+        }
+        else if(targetMemory!=null) {
+            require(targetDt == IRDataType.BYTE) { "must be byte type ${targetMemory.position}"}
+            if(zero) {
+                if(targetMemory.address is PtNumber) {
+                    val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, targetDt, address = (targetMemory.address as PtNumber).number.toInt()) }
+                    result += chunk
+                } else {
+                    val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(targetMemory.address)
+                    val addressReg = tr.resultReg
+                    addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+                    result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZI, targetDt, reg1=addressReg) }
+                }
+            } else {
+                if(targetMemory.address is PtNumber) {
+                    val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, targetDt, reg1=valueRegister, address=(targetMemory.address as PtNumber).number.toInt()) }
+                    result += chunk
+                } else {
+                    val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(targetMemory.address)
+                    val addressReg = tr.resultReg
+                    addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+                    result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREI, targetDt, reg1=valueRegister, reg2=addressReg) }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return result
+        }
+        else
+            throw AssemblyError("weird assigntarget")
+    }
+
+    private fun loadIndexReg(array: PtArrayIndexer, itemsize: Int): Pair<IRCodeChunks, Int> {
+        // returns the code to load the Index into the register, which is also returned.
+
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        if(itemsize==1 || array.splitWords) {
+            val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(array.index)
+            addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+            return Pair(result, tr.resultReg)
+        }
+
+        if(codeGen.options.useNewExprCode) {
+            val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(array.index)
+            result += tr.chunks
+            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.MUL, tr.dt, reg1=tr.resultReg, immediate = itemsize), null)
+            return Pair(result, tr.resultReg)
+        } else {
+            val mult: PtExpression
+            mult = PtBinaryExpression("*", DataType.UBYTE, array.position)
+            mult.children += array.index
+            mult.children += PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, itemsize.toDouble(), array.position)
+            val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(mult)
+            addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+            return Pair(result, tr.resultReg)
+        }
+    }
+}

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/BuiltinFuncGen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,564 @@
+package prog8.codegen.intermediate
+
+import prog8.code.StStaticVariable
+import prog8.code.ast.*
+import prog8.code.core.AssemblyError
+import prog8.code.core.DataType
+import prog8.code.core.SignedDatatypes
+import prog8.code.core.SplitWordArrayTypes
+import prog8.intermediate.*
+
+
+internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGen: ExpressionGen) {
+
+    fun translate(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        return when(call.name) {
+            "any" -> funcAny(call)
+            "all" -> funcAll(call)
+            "abs__byte", "abs__word", "abs__float" -> funcAbs(call)
+            "cmp" -> funcCmp(call)
+            "sgn" -> funcSgn(call)
+            "sqrt__ubyte", "sqrt__uword", "sqrt__float" -> funcSqrt(call)
+            "divmod__ubyte" -> funcDivmod(call, IRDataType.BYTE)
+            "divmod__uword" -> funcDivmod(call, IRDataType.WORD)
+            "pop" -> funcPop(call)
+            "popw" -> funcPopw(call)
+            "push" -> funcPush(call)
+            "pushw" -> funcPushw(call)
+            "rsave",
+            "rsavex",
+            "rrestore",
+            "rrestorex" -> ExpressionCodeResult.EMPTY  // vm doesn't have registers to save/restore
+            "callfar" -> throw AssemblyError("callfar() is for cx16 target only")
+            "msb" -> funcMsb(call)
+            "lsb" -> funcLsb(call)
+            "memory" -> funcMemory(call)
+            "peek" -> funcPeek(call)
+            "peekw" -> funcPeekW(call)
+            "poke" -> funcPoke(call)
+            "pokew" -> funcPokeW(call)
+            "pokemon" -> ExpressionCodeResult.EMPTY     // easter egg function
+            "mkword" -> funcMkword(call)
+            "clamp__byte", "clamp__ubyte", "clamp__word", "clamp__uword" -> funcClamp(call)
+            "min__byte", "min__ubyte", "min__word", "min__uword" -> funcMin(call)
+            "max__byte", "max__ubyte", "max__word", "max__uword" -> funcMax(call)
+            "sort" -> funcSort(call)
+            "reverse" -> funcReverse(call)
+            "rol" -> funcRolRor(Opcode.ROXL, call)
+            "ror" -> funcRolRor(Opcode.ROXR, call)
+            "rol2" -> funcRolRor(Opcode.ROL, call)
+            "ror2" -> funcRolRor(Opcode.ROR, call)
+            "prog8_lib_stringcompare" -> funcStringCompare(call)
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("missing builtinfunc for ${call.name}")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun funcDivmod(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, type: IRDataType): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val number = call.args[0]
+        val divident = call.args[1]
+        val divisionReg: Int
+        val remainderReg: Int
+        if(divident is PtNumber) {
+            val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(number)
+            addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVMOD, type, reg1 = tr.resultReg, immediate = divident.number.toInt()), null)
+            divisionReg = tr.resultReg
+            remainderReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        } else {
+            val numTr = exprGen.translateExpression(number)
+            addToResult(result, numTr, numTr.resultReg, -1)
+            val dividentTr = exprGen.translateExpression(divident)
+            addToResult(result, dividentTr, dividentTr.resultReg, -1)
+            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVMODR, type, reg1 = numTr.resultReg, reg2=dividentTr.resultReg), null)
+            divisionReg = numTr.resultReg
+            remainderReg = dividentTr.resultReg
+        }
+        // DIVMOD result convention: on value stack, division and remainder on top.
+        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.POP, type, reg1=remainderReg), null)
+        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.POP, type, reg1=divisionReg), null)
+        result += assignRegisterTo(call.args[2], divisionReg)
+        result += assignRegisterTo(call.args[3], remainderReg)
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, type, -1, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcStringCompare(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val left  = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        val right = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
+        addToResult(result, left, left.resultReg, -1)
+        addToResult(result, right, right.resultReg, -1)
+        result += codeGen.makeSyscall(IMSyscall.COMPARE_STRINGS, listOf(IRDataType.WORD to left.resultReg, IRDataType.WORD to right.resultReg), IRDataType.BYTE to left.resultReg)
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, left.resultReg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcCmp(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val leftTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        addToResult(result, leftTr, leftTr.resultReg, -1)
+        val rightTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
+        addToResult(result, rightTr, rightTr.resultReg, -1)
+        val dt = irType(call.args[0].type)
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.CMP, dt, reg1=leftTr.resultReg, reg2=rightTr.resultReg)
+        }
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, dt, leftTr.resultReg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcAny(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val arrayName = call.args[0] as PtIdentifier
+        val array = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(arrayName.name) as StStaticVariable
+        val syscall =
+            when (array.dt) {
+                DataType.ARRAY_UB,
+                DataType.ARRAY_B -> IMSyscall.ANY_BYTE
+                DataType.ARRAY_UW,
+                DataType.ARRAY_W -> IMSyscall.ANY_WORD
+                DataType.ARRAY_F -> IMSyscall.ANY_FLOAT
+                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("weird type")
+            }
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        val lengthReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = lengthReg, immediate = array.length), null)
+        result += codeGen.makeSyscall(syscall, listOf(IRDataType.WORD to tr.resultReg, IRDataType.BYTE to lengthReg), IRDataType.BYTE to tr.resultReg)
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, tr.resultReg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcAll(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val arrayName = call.args[0] as PtIdentifier
+        val array = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(arrayName.name) as StStaticVariable
+        val syscall =
+            when(array.dt) {
+                DataType.ARRAY_UB,
+                DataType.ARRAY_B -> IMSyscall.ALL_BYTE
+                DataType.ARRAY_UW,
+                DataType.ARRAY_W -> IMSyscall.ALL_WORD
+                DataType.ARRAY_F -> IMSyscall.ALL_FLOAT
+                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("weird type")
+            }
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        val lengthReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = lengthReg, immediate = array.length), null)
+        result += codeGen.makeSyscall(syscall, listOf(IRDataType.WORD to tr.resultReg, IRDataType.BYTE to lengthReg), IRDataType.BYTE to tr.resultReg)
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, tr.resultReg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcAbs(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val sourceDt = call.args.single().type
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        if(sourceDt==DataType.UWORD)
+            return ExpressionCodeResult.EMPTY
+
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        when (sourceDt) {
+            DataType.BYTE -> {
+                val notNegativeLabel = codeGen.createLabelName()
+                val compareReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=compareReg, reg2=tr.resultReg)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=compareReg, immediate = 0x80)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.BEQ, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=compareReg, immediate = 0, labelSymbol = notNegativeLabel)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.NEG, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=tr.resultReg)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.EXT, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=tr.resultReg)
+                }
+                result += IRCodeChunk(notNegativeLabel, null)
+                return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, tr.resultReg, -1)
+            }
+            DataType.WORD -> {
+                val notNegativeLabel = codeGen.createLabelName()
+                val compareReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=compareReg, reg2=tr.resultReg)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=compareReg, immediate = 0x8000)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.BEQ, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=compareReg, immediate = 0, labelSymbol = notNegativeLabel)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.NEG, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=tr.resultReg)
+                }
+                result += IRCodeChunk(notNegativeLabel, null)
+                return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.WORD, tr.resultReg, -1)
+            }
+            DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                val resultFpReg = codeGen.registers.nextFreeFloat()
+                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.FABS, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = resultFpReg, fpReg2 = tr.resultFpReg), null)
+                return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.FLOAT, -1, resultFpReg)
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird dt")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun funcSgn(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val vmDt = irType(call.type)
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SGN, vmDt, reg1 = resultReg, reg2 = tr.resultReg)
+        }
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, vmDt, resultReg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcSqrt(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
+        val dt = call.args[0].type
+        when(dt) {
+            DataType.UBYTE -> {
+                addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+                val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SQRT, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultReg, reg2=tr.resultReg)
+                }
+                return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultReg, -1)
+            }
+            DataType.UWORD -> {
+                addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+                val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SQRT, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=resultReg, reg2=tr.resultReg)
+                }
+                return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.WORD, resultReg, -1)
+            }
+            DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                addToResult(result, tr, -1, tr.resultFpReg)
+                val resultFpReg = codeGen.registers.nextFreeFloat()
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SQRT, IRDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = resultFpReg, fpReg2 = tr.resultFpReg)
+                }
+                return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.FLOAT, -1, resultFpReg)
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid dt for sqrt")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun funcPop(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val code = IRCodeChunk(null, null)
+        val reg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        code += IRInstruction(Opcode.POP, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=reg)
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>(code)
+        result += assignRegisterTo(call.args.single(), reg)
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, reg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcPopw(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val code = IRCodeChunk(null, null)
+        val reg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        code += IRInstruction(Opcode.POP, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=reg)
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>(code)
+        result += assignRegisterTo(call.args.single(), reg)
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.WORD, reg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcPush(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.PUSH, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=tr.resultReg)
+        }
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, -1, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcPushw(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.PUSH, IRDataType.WORD, reg1 = tr.resultReg)
+        }
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, -1, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcReverse(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val arrayName = call.args[0] as PtIdentifier
+        val array = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(arrayName.name) as StStaticVariable
+        val syscall =
+            when(array.dt) {
+                DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.STR -> IMSyscall.REVERSE_BYTES
+                DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W -> IMSyscall.REVERSE_WORDS
+                DataType.ARRAY_F -> IMSyscall.REVERSE_FLOATS
+                in SplitWordArrayTypes -> TODO("split word reverse")
+                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("weird type to reverse")
+            }
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        val lengthReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = lengthReg, immediate = if(array.dt==DataType.STR) array.length!!-1 else array.length), null)
+        result += codeGen.makeSyscall(syscall, listOf(IRDataType.WORD to tr.resultReg, IRDataType.BYTE to lengthReg), null)
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, -1, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcSort(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val arrayName = call.args[0] as PtIdentifier
+        val array = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(arrayName.name) as StStaticVariable
+        val syscall =
+            when(array.dt) {
+                DataType.ARRAY_UB -> IMSyscall.SORT_UBYTE
+                DataType.ARRAY_B -> IMSyscall.SORT_BYTE
+                DataType.ARRAY_UW -> IMSyscall.SORT_UWORD
+                DataType.ARRAY_W -> IMSyscall.SORT_WORD
+                DataType.STR -> IMSyscall.SORT_UBYTE
+                DataType.ARRAY_F -> throw IllegalArgumentException("sorting a floating point array is not supported")
+                in SplitWordArrayTypes -> TODO("split word sort")
+                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("weird type to sort")
+            }
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        val lengthReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = lengthReg, immediate = if(array.dt==DataType.STR) array.length!!-1 else array.length), null)
+        result += codeGen.makeSyscall(syscall, listOf(IRDataType.WORD to tr.resultReg, IRDataType.BYTE to lengthReg), null)
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, -1, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcMkword(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val msbTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        addToResult(result, msbTr, msbTr.resultReg, -1)
+        val lsbTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
+        addToResult(result, lsbTr, lsbTr.resultReg, -1)
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.CONCAT, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = lsbTr.resultReg, reg2 = msbTr.resultReg)
+        }
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.WORD, lsbTr.resultReg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcClamp(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val type = irType(call.type)
+        val valueTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        val minimumTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
+        val maximumTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[2])
+        result += valueTr.chunks
+        result += minimumTr.chunks
+        result += maximumTr.chunks
+        if(type==IRDataType.FLOAT) {
+            result += codeGen.makeSyscall(
+                IMSyscall.CLAMP_FLOAT, listOf(
+                    valueTr.dt to valueTr.resultFpReg,
+                    minimumTr.dt to minimumTr.resultFpReg,
+                    maximumTr.dt to maximumTr.resultFpReg,
+                ), type to valueTr.resultFpReg
+            )
+            return ExpressionCodeResult(result, type, -1, valueTr.resultFpReg)
+        } else {
+            val syscall = when(call.type) {
+                DataType.UBYTE -> IMSyscall.CLAMP_UBYTE
+                DataType.BYTE -> IMSyscall.CLAMP_BYTE
+                DataType.UWORD -> IMSyscall.CLAMP_UWORD
+                DataType.WORD -> IMSyscall.CLAMP_WORD
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid dt")
+            }
+            result += codeGen.makeSyscall(syscall, listOf(
+                    valueTr.dt to valueTr.resultReg,
+                    minimumTr.dt to minimumTr.resultReg,
+                    maximumTr.dt to maximumTr.resultReg,
+                ), type to valueTr.resultReg
+            )
+            return ExpressionCodeResult(result, type, valueTr.resultReg, -1)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun funcMin(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val type = irType(call.type)
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val leftTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        addToResult(result, leftTr, leftTr.resultReg, -1)
+        val rightTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
+        addToResult(result, rightTr, rightTr.resultReg, -1)
+        val comparisonOpcode = if(call.type in SignedDatatypes) Opcode.BGTSR else Opcode.BGTR
+        val after = codeGen.createLabelName()
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(comparisonOpcode, type, reg1 = rightTr.resultReg, reg2 = leftTr.resultReg, labelSymbol = after)
+            // right <= left, take right
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, type, reg1=leftTr.resultReg, reg2=rightTr.resultReg)
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = after)
+        }
+        result += IRCodeChunk(after, null)
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, type, leftTr.resultReg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcMax(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val type = irType(call.type)
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val leftTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        addToResult(result, leftTr, leftTr.resultReg, -1)
+        val rightTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
+        addToResult(result, rightTr, rightTr.resultReg, -1)
+        val comparisonOpcode = if(call.type in SignedDatatypes) Opcode.BGTSR else Opcode.BGTR
+        val after = codeGen.createLabelName()
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(comparisonOpcode, type, reg1 = leftTr.resultReg, reg2 = rightTr.resultReg, labelSymbol = after)
+            // right >= left, take right
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, type, reg1=leftTr.resultReg, reg2=rightTr.resultReg)
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = after)
+        }
+        result += IRCodeChunk(after, null)
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, type, leftTr.resultReg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcPokeW(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        if(codeGen.isZero(call.args[1])) {
+            if (call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
+                val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, IRDataType.WORD, address = address)
+                }
+            } else {
+                val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+                addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZI, IRDataType.WORD, reg1 = tr.resultReg)
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
+                val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
+                val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
+                addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.WORD, reg1 = tr.resultReg, address = address)
+                }
+            } else {
+                val addressTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+                addToResult(result, addressTr, addressTr.resultReg, -1)
+                val valueTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
+                addToResult(result, valueTr, valueTr.resultReg, -1)
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREI, IRDataType.WORD, reg1 = valueTr.resultReg, reg2 = addressTr.resultReg)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, -1, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcPoke(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        if(codeGen.isZero(call.args[1])) {
+            if (call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
+                val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, IRDataType.BYTE, address = address)
+                }
+            } else {
+                val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+                addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZI, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = tr.resultReg)
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
+                val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
+                val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
+                addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = tr.resultReg, address = address)
+                }
+            } else {
+                val addressTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+                addToResult(result, addressTr, addressTr.resultReg, -1)
+                val valueTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
+                addToResult(result, valueTr, valueTr.resultReg, -1)
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREI, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = valueTr.resultReg, reg2 = addressTr.resultReg)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, -1, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcPeekW(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        return if(call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
+            val resultRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+            val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
+            result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.WORD, reg1 = resultRegister, address = address)
+            }
+            ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultRegister, -1)
+        } else {
+            val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
+            addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+            val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+            result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADI, IRDataType.WORD, reg1 = resultReg, reg2 = tr.resultReg)
+            }
+            ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.WORD, resultReg, -1)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun funcPeek(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        return if(call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
+            val resultRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+            val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
+            result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = resultRegister, address = address)
+            }
+            ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultRegister, -1)
+        } else {
+            val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
+            addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+            val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+            result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADI, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = resultReg, reg2 = tr.resultReg)
+            }
+            ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultReg, -1)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun funcMemory(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val name = (call.args[0] as PtString).value
+        val code = IRCodeChunk(null, null)
+        val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=resultReg, labelSymbol = "prog8_slabs.prog8_memoryslab_$name")
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(code, IRDataType.BYTE, resultReg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcLsb(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        return exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
+        // note: if a word result is needed, the upper byte is cleared by the typecast that follows. No need to do it here.
+    }
+
+    private fun funcMsb(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.MSIG, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = resultReg, reg2 = tr.resultReg)
+        }
+        // note: if a word result is needed, the upper byte is cleared by the typecast that follows. No need to do it here.
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultReg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcRolRor(opcode: Opcode, call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val vmDt = irType(call.args[0].type)
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(opcode, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg)
+        }
+        result += assignRegisterTo(call.args[0], tr.resultReg)
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, vmDt, -1, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun assignRegisterTo(target: PtExpression, register: Int): IRCodeChunks {
+        val assignment = PtAssignment(target.position)
+        val assignTarget = PtAssignTarget(target.position)
+        assignTarget.children.add(target)
+        assignment.children.add(assignTarget)
+        assignment.children.add(PtMachineRegister(register, target.type, target.position))
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        result += codeGen.translateNode(assignment)
+        return result
+    }
+}

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/IRPeepholeOptimizer.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+package prog8.codegen.intermediate
+
+import prog8.code.core.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.intermediate.*
+
+class IRPeepholeOptimizer(private val irprog: IRProgram) {
+    fun optimize(optimizationsEnabled: Boolean, errors: IErrorReporter) {
+        if(!optimizationsEnabled)
+            return optimizeOnlyJoinChunks()
+
+        peepholeOptimize()
+        val remover = IRUnusedCodeRemover(irprog, errors)
+        var totalRemovals = 0
+        do {
+            val numRemoved = remover.optimize()
+            totalRemovals += numRemoved
+        } while(numRemoved>0 && errors.noErrors())
+        errors.report()
+
+        if(totalRemovals>0) {
+            irprog.linkChunks()  // re-link again.
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun optimizeOnlyJoinChunks() {
+        irprog.foreachSub { sub ->
+            joinChunks(sub)
+            removeEmptyChunks(sub)
+            joinChunks(sub)
+        }
+        irprog.linkChunks() // re-link
+    }
+
+    private fun peepholeOptimize() {
+        irprog.foreachSub { sub ->
+            joinChunks(sub)
+            removeEmptyChunks(sub)
+            joinChunks(sub)
+
+            // TODO also do register optimization step here?
+
+            sub.chunks.withIndex().forEach { (index, chunk1) ->
+                // we don't optimize Inline Asm chunks here.
+                val chunk2 = if(index<sub.chunks.size-1) sub.chunks[index+1] else null
+                if(chunk1 is IRCodeChunk) {
+                    do {
+                        val indexedInstructions = chunk1.instructions.withIndex()
+                            .map { IndexedValue(it.index, it.value) }
+                        val changed = removeNops(chunk1, indexedInstructions)
+                                || removeDoubleLoadsAndStores(chunk1, indexedInstructions)       // TODO not yet implemented
+                                || removeUselessArithmetic(chunk1, indexedInstructions)
+                                || removeWeirdBranches(chunk1, chunk2, indexedInstructions)
+                                || removeDoubleSecClc(chunk1, indexedInstructions)
+                                || cleanupPushPop(chunk1, indexedInstructions)
+                        // TODO other optimizations:
+                        //  more complex optimizations such as unused registers
+                    } while (changed)
+                }
+            }
+            removeEmptyChunks(sub)
+        }
+
+        irprog.linkChunks()  // re-link
+    }
+
+    private fun removeEmptyChunks(sub: IRSubroutine) {
+        if(sub.chunks.isEmpty())
+            return
+
+        /*
+        Empty Code chunk with label ->
+            If next chunk has no label -> move label to next chunk, remove original
+            If next chunk has label -> label name should be the same, remove original. Otherwise FOR NOW leave it in place. (TODO: merge both labels into 1)
+            If is last chunk -> keep chunk in place because of the label.
+        Empty Code chunk without label ->
+            should not have been generated! ERROR.
+         */
+
+
+        val relabelChunks = mutableListOf<Pair<Int, String>>()
+        val removeChunks = mutableListOf<Int>()
+
+        sub.chunks.withIndex().forEach { (index, chunk) ->
+            if(chunk is IRCodeChunk && chunk.instructions.isEmpty()) {
+                if(chunk.label==null) {
+                    removeChunks += index
+                } else {
+                    if (index < sub.chunks.size - 1) {
+                        val nextchunk = sub.chunks[index + 1]
+                        if (nextchunk.label == null) {
+                            // can transplant label to next chunk and remove this empty one.
+                            relabelChunks += Pair(index + 1, chunk.label!!)
+                            removeChunks += index
+                        } else {
+                            if (chunk.label == nextchunk.label)
+                                removeChunks += index
+                            else {
+                                // TODO: merge labels on same chunk
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        relabelChunks.forEach { (index, label) ->
+            val chunk = IRCodeChunk(label, null)
+            chunk.instructions += sub.chunks[index].instructions
+            sub.chunks[index] = chunk
+        }
+        removeChunks.reversed().forEach { index -> sub.chunks.removeAt(index) }
+    }
+
+    private fun joinChunks(sub: IRSubroutine) {
+        // Subroutine contains a list of chunks. Some can be joined into one.
+
+        if(sub.chunks.isEmpty())
+            return
+
+        fun mayJoinCodeChunks(previous: IRCodeChunkBase, chunk: IRCodeChunkBase): Boolean {
+            if(chunk.label!=null)
+                return false
+            if(previous is IRCodeChunk && chunk is IRCodeChunk) {
+                // if the previous chunk doesn't end in a jump or a return, flow continues into the next chunk
+                val lastInstruction = previous.instructions.lastOrNull()
+                if(lastInstruction!=null)
+                    return lastInstruction.opcode !in OpcodesThatJump
+                return true
+            }
+            return false
+        }
+
+        val chunks = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        chunks += sub.chunks[0]
+        for(ix in 1 until sub.chunks.size) {
+            val lastChunk = chunks.last()
+            val candidate = sub.chunks[ix]
+            when(candidate) {
+                is IRCodeChunk -> {
+                    if(mayJoinCodeChunks(lastChunk, candidate)) {
+                        lastChunk.instructions += candidate.instructions
+                        lastChunk.next = candidate.next
+                    }
+                    else
+                        chunks += candidate
+                }
+                is IRInlineAsmChunk -> {
+                    if(candidate.label!=null)
+                        chunks += candidate
+                    else if(lastChunk.isEmpty()) {
+                        val label = lastChunk.label
+                        if(label!=null)
+                            chunks += IRInlineAsmChunk(label, candidate.assembly, candidate.isIR, candidate.next)
+                        else
+                            chunks += candidate
+                    }
+                }
+                is IRInlineBinaryChunk -> {
+                    if(candidate.label!=null)
+                        chunks += candidate
+                    else if(lastChunk.isEmpty()) {
+                        val label = lastChunk.label
+                        if(label!=null)
+                            chunks += IRInlineBinaryChunk(label, candidate.data, candidate.next)
+                        else
+                            chunks += candidate
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        sub.chunks.clear()
+        sub.chunks += chunks
+    }
+
+    private fun cleanupPushPop(chunk: IRCodeChunk, indexedInstructions: List<IndexedValue<IRInstruction>>): Boolean {
+        //  push followed by pop to same target, or different target->replace with load
+        var changed = false
+        indexedInstructions.reversed().forEach { (idx, ins) ->
+            if(ins.opcode== Opcode.PUSH) {
+                if(idx < chunk.instructions.size-1) {
+                    val insAfter = chunk.instructions[idx+1]
+                    if(insAfter.opcode == Opcode.POP) {
+                        if(ins.reg1==insAfter.reg1) {
+                            chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                            chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                        } else {
+                            chunk.instructions[idx] = IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, ins.type, reg1=insAfter.reg1, reg2=ins.reg1)
+                            chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx+1)
+                        }
+                        changed = true
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return changed
+    }
+
+    private fun removeDoubleSecClc(chunk: IRCodeChunk, indexedInstructions: List<IndexedValue<IRInstruction>>): Boolean {
+        //  double sec, clc
+        //  sec+clc or clc+sec
+        var changed = false
+        indexedInstructions.reversed().forEach { (idx, ins) ->
+            if(ins.opcode== Opcode.SEC || ins.opcode== Opcode.CLC) {
+                if(idx < chunk.instructions.size-1) {
+                    val insAfter = chunk.instructions[idx+1]
+                    if(insAfter.opcode == ins.opcode) {
+                        chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                        changed = true
+                    }
+                    else if(ins.opcode== Opcode.SEC && insAfter.opcode== Opcode.CLC) {
+                        chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                        changed = true
+                    }
+                    else if(ins.opcode== Opcode.CLC && insAfter.opcode== Opcode.SEC) {
+                        chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                        changed = true
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return changed
+    }
+
+    private fun removeWeirdBranches(chunk: IRCodeChunk, nextChunk: IRCodeChunkBase?, indexedInstructions: List<IndexedValue<IRInstruction>>): Boolean {
+        var changed = false
+        indexedInstructions.reversed().forEach { (idx, ins) ->
+            val labelSymbol = ins.labelSymbol
+
+            // remove jump/branch to label immediately below (= next chunk if it has that label)
+            if(ins.opcode== Opcode.JUMP && labelSymbol!=null) {
+                if(idx==chunk.instructions.size-1 && ins.branchTarget===nextChunk) {
+                    chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                    changed = true
+                }
+            }
+
+            // remove useless RETURN
+            if(idx>0 && (ins.opcode == Opcode.RETURN || ins.opcode==Opcode.RETURNR)) {
+                val previous = chunk.instructions[idx-1]
+                if(previous.opcode in OpcodesThatJump) {
+                    chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                    changed = true
+                }
+            }
+
+            // replace subsequent opcodes that jump by just the first
+            if(idx>0 && (ins.opcode in OpcodesThatJump)) {
+                val previous = chunk.instructions[idx-1]
+                if(previous.opcode in OpcodesThatJump) {
+                    chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                    changed = true
+                }
+            }
+
+            // replace call + return --> jump
+            // This can no longer be done here on the IR level, with the current CALL opcode that encodes the full subroutine call setup.
+            // If machine code is ever generated from this IR, *that* should possibly optimize the JSR + RTS into a JMP.
+//            if(idx>0 && ins.opcode==Opcode.RETURN) {
+//                val previous = chunk.instructions[idx-1]
+//                if(previous.opcode==Opcode.CALL) {
+//                    chunk.instructions[idx-1] = IRInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, address = previous.address, labelSymbol = previous.labelSymbol, branchTarget = previous.branchTarget)
+//                    chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+//                    changed = true
+//                }
+//            }
+        }
+        return changed
+    }
+
+    private fun removeUselessArithmetic(chunk: IRCodeChunk, indexedInstructions: List<IndexedValue<IRInstruction>>): Boolean {
+        // note: this is hard to solve for the non-immediate instructions atm because the values are loaded into registers first
+        var changed = false
+        indexedInstructions.reversed().forEach { (idx, ins) ->
+            when (ins.opcode) {
+                Opcode.DIV, Opcode.DIVS, Opcode.MUL, Opcode.MOD -> {
+                    if (ins.immediate == 1) {
+                        chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                        changed = true
+                    }
+                }
+                Opcode.ADD, Opcode.SUB -> {
+                    if (ins.immediate == 1) {
+                        chunk.instructions[idx] = IRInstruction(
+                            if (ins.opcode == Opcode.ADD) Opcode.INC else Opcode.DEC,
+                            ins.type,
+                            ins.reg1
+                        )
+                        changed = true
+                    } else if (ins.immediate == 0) {
+                        chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                        changed = true
+                    }
+                }
+                Opcode.AND -> {
+                    if (ins.immediate == 0) {
+                        chunk.instructions[idx] = IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, ins.type, reg1 = ins.reg1, immediate = 0)
+                        changed = true
+                    } else if (ins.immediate == 255 && ins.type == IRDataType.BYTE) {
+                        chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                        changed = true
+                    } else if (ins.immediate == 65535 && ins.type == IRDataType.WORD) {
+                        chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                        changed = true
+                    }
+                }
+                Opcode.OR -> {
+                    if (ins.immediate == 0) {
+                        chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                        changed = true
+                    } else if ((ins.immediate == 255 && ins.type == IRDataType.BYTE) || (ins.immediate == 65535 && ins.type == IRDataType.WORD)) {
+                        chunk.instructions[idx] = IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, ins.type, reg1 = ins.reg1, immediate = ins.immediate)
+                        changed = true
+                    }
+                }
+                Opcode.XOR -> {
+                    if (ins.immediate == 0) {
+                        chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                        changed = true
+                    }
+                }
+                else -> {}
+            }
+        }
+        return changed
+    }
+
+    private fun removeNops(chunk: IRCodeChunk, indexedInstructions: List<IndexedValue<IRInstruction>>): Boolean {
+        var changed = false
+        indexedInstructions.reversed().forEach { (idx, ins) ->
+            if (ins.opcode == Opcode.NOP) {
+                changed = true
+                chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+            }
+        }
+        return changed
+    }
+
+    private fun removeDoubleLoadsAndStores(chunk: IRCodeChunk, indexedInstructions: List<IndexedValue<IRInstruction>>): Boolean {
+        var changed = false
+        indexedInstructions.forEach { (idx, ins) ->
+
+            // TODO: detect multiple loads to the same target registers, only keep first (if source is not I/O memory)
+            // TODO: detect multiple stores to the same target, only keep first (if target is not I/O memory)
+            // TODO: detect multiple float ffrom/fto to the same target, only keep first
+            // TODO: detect multiple sequential rnd with same reg1, only keep one
+            // TODO: detect subsequent same xors/nots/negs, remove the pairs completely as they cancel out
+            // TODO: detect multiple same ands, ors; only keep first
+            // TODO: (hard) detect multiple registers being assigned the same value (and not changed) - use only 1 of them
+            // ...
+        }
+        return changed
+    }
+}

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/IRRegisterOptimizer.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+package prog8.codegen.intermediate
+
+import prog8.intermediate.IRProgram
+
+
+class IRRegisterOptimizer(private val irProg: IRProgram) {
+    fun optimize() {
+        // reuseRegisters()
+    }
+
+/*
+    TODO: this register re-use renumbering isn't going to work like this,
+    because subroutines will be clobbering the registers that the subroutine
+    which is calling them might be using...
+
+
+    private fun reuseRegisters() {
+
+        fun addToUsage(usage: MutableMap<Pair<Int, IRDataType>, MutableSet<IRCodeChunkBase>>,
+                       regnum: Int,
+                       dt: IRDataType,
+                       chunk: IRCodeChunkBase) {
+            val key = regnum to dt
+            val chunks = usage[key] ?: mutableSetOf()
+            chunks.add(chunk)
+            usage[key] = chunks
+        }
+
+        val usage: MutableMap<Pair<Int, IRDataType>, MutableSet<IRCodeChunkBase>> = mutableMapOf()
+
+        irProg.foreachCodeChunk { chunk ->
+            chunk.usedRegisters().regsTypes.forEach { (regNum, types) ->
+                types.forEach { dt ->
+                    addToUsage(usage, regNum, dt, chunk)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        val registerReplacements = usage.asSequence()
+            .filter { it.value.size==1 }
+            .map { it.key to it.value.iterator().next() }
+            .groupBy({ it.second }, {it.first})
+            .asSequence()
+            .associate { (chunk, registers) ->
+                chunk to registers.withIndex().associate { (index, reg) -> reg to 50000+index }
+            }
+
+        registerReplacements.forEach { replaceRegisters(it.key, it.value) }
+    }
+
+    private fun replaceRegisters(chunk: IRCodeChunkBase, replacements: Map<Pair<Int, IRDataType>, Int>) {
+        val (rF, rI) = replacements.asSequence().partition { it.key.second==IRDataType.FLOAT }
+        val replacementsInt = rI.associate { it.key.first to it.value }
+        val replacementsFloat = rF.associate { it.key.first to it.value }
+
+        fun replaceRegs(fcallArgs: FunctionCallArgs?): FunctionCallArgs? {
+            if(fcallArgs==null)
+                return null
+            val args = if(fcallArgs.arguments.isEmpty()) fcallArgs.arguments else {
+                fcallArgs.arguments.map {
+                    FunctionCallArgs.ArgumentSpec(
+                        it.name,
+                        it.address,
+                        FunctionCallArgs.RegSpec(
+                            it.reg.dt,
+                            if(it.reg.dt==IRDataType.FLOAT)
+                                replacementsFloat.getOrDefault(it.reg.registerNum, it.reg.registerNum)
+                            else
+                                replacementsInt.getOrDefault(it.reg.registerNum, it.reg.registerNum),
+                            it.reg.cpuRegister
+                        )
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+            val rt = fcallArgs.returns
+            val returns = if(rt==null) null else {
+                FunctionCallArgs.RegSpec(
+                    rt.dt,
+                    if(rt.dt==IRDataType.FLOAT)
+                        replacementsFloat.getOrDefault(rt.registerNum, rt.registerNum)
+                    else
+                        replacementsInt.getOrDefault(rt.registerNum, rt.registerNum),
+                    rt.cpuRegister
+                )
+            }
+            return FunctionCallArgs(args, returns)
+        }
+
+        fun replaceRegs(instruction: IRInstruction): IRInstruction {
+            val reg1 = replacementsInt.getOrDefault(instruction.reg1, instruction.reg1)
+            val reg2 = replacementsInt.getOrDefault(instruction.reg2, instruction.reg2)
+            val fpReg1 = replacementsFloat.getOrDefault(instruction.fpReg1, instruction.fpReg1)
+            val fpReg2 = replacementsFloat.getOrDefault(instruction.fpReg2, instruction.fpReg2)
+            return instruction.copy(reg1 = reg1, reg2 = reg2, fpReg1 = fpReg1, fpReg2 = fpReg2, fcallArgs = replaceRegs(instruction.fcallArgs))
+        }
+        val newInstructions = chunk.instructions.map {
+            replaceRegs(it)
+        }
+        chunk.instructions.clear()
+        chunk.instructions.addAll(newInstructions)
+    }
+*/
+}

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/IRUnusedCodeRemover.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+package prog8.codegen.intermediate
+
+import prog8.code.core.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.code.core.SourceCode.Companion.libraryFilePrefix
+import prog8.intermediate.*
+
+
+class IRUnusedCodeRemover(
+    private val irprog: IRProgram,
+    private val errors: IErrorReporter
+) {
+    fun optimize(): Int {
+        var numRemoved = removeUnusedSubroutines() + removeUnusedAsmSubroutines()
+
+        // remove empty blocks
+        irprog.blocks.reversed().forEach { block ->
+            if(block.isEmpty()) {
+                irprog.blocks.remove(block)
+                irprog.st.removeTree(block.label)
+                numRemoved++
+            }
+        }
+
+        return numRemoved
+    }
+
+    private fun removeUnusedSubroutines(): Int {
+        val allLabeledChunks = mutableMapOf<String, IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        irprog.foreachCodeChunk { chunk ->
+            chunk.label?.let { allLabeledChunks[it] = chunk }
+        }
+
+        var numRemoved = removeSimpleUnlinked(allLabeledChunks) + removeUnreachable(allLabeledChunks)
+        irprog.blocks.forEach { block ->
+            block.children.filterIsInstance<IRSubroutine>().reversed().forEach { sub ->
+                if(sub.isEmpty()) {
+                    if(!sub.position.file.startsWith(libraryFilePrefix)) {
+                        errors.warn("unused subroutine ${sub.label}", sub.position)
+                    }
+                    block.children.remove(sub)
+                    irprog.st.removeTree(sub.label)
+                    numRemoved++
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return numRemoved
+    }
+
+    private fun removeUnusedAsmSubroutines(): Int {
+        val allLabeledAsmsubs = irprog.blocks.asSequence().flatMap { it.children.filterIsInstance<IRAsmSubroutine>() }
+            .associateBy { it.label }
+
+        var numRemoved = removeSimpleUnlinkedAsmsubs(allLabeledAsmsubs)
+        irprog.blocks.forEach { block ->
+            block.children.filterIsInstance<IRAsmSubroutine>().reversed().forEach { sub ->
+                if(sub.isEmpty()) {
+                    if(!sub.position.file.startsWith(libraryFilePrefix)) {
+                        errors.warn("unused asmsubroutine ${sub.label}", sub.position)
+                    }
+                    block.children.remove(sub)
+                    irprog.st.removeTree(sub.label)
+                    numRemoved++
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return numRemoved
+    }
+
+    private fun removeSimpleUnlinkedAsmsubs(allSubs: Map<String, IRAsmSubroutine>): Int {
+        val linkedAsmSubs = mutableSetOf<IRAsmSubroutine>()
+
+        // TODO: asmsubs in library modules are never removed, we can't really tell here if they're actually being called or not...
+
+        // check if asmsub is called from another asmsub
+        irprog.blocks.asSequence().forEach { block ->
+            block.children.filterIsInstance<IRAsmSubroutine>().forEach { sub ->
+                if (block.forceOutput || block.library)
+                    linkedAsmSubs += sub
+                if (sub.asmChunk.isNotEmpty()) {
+                    allSubs.forEach { (label, asmsub) ->
+                        if (sub.asmChunk.assembly.contains(label))
+                            linkedAsmSubs += asmsub
+                    }
+                }
+                val inlineAsm = sub.asmChunk.next as? IRInlineAsmChunk
+                if(inlineAsm!=null) {
+                    allSubs.forEach { (label, asmsub) ->
+                        if (inlineAsm.assembly.contains(label))
+                            linkedAsmSubs += asmsub
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // check if asmsub is linked or called from another regular subroutine
+        irprog.foreachCodeChunk { chunk ->
+            chunk.instructions.forEach {
+                it.labelSymbol?.let { label -> allSubs[label]?.let { cc -> linkedAsmSubs += cc } }
+                // note: branchTarget can't yet point to another IRAsmSubroutine, so do nothing when it's set
+            }
+        }
+
+        return removeUnlinkedAsmsubs(linkedAsmSubs)
+    }
+
+    private fun removeUnlinkedAsmsubs(linkedAsmSubs: Set<IRAsmSubroutine>): Int {
+        var numRemoved = 0
+        irprog.blocks.asSequence().forEach { block ->
+            block.children.withIndex().reversed().forEach { (index, child) ->
+                if(child is IRAsmSubroutine && child !in linkedAsmSubs) {
+                    block.children.removeAt(index)
+                    numRemoved++
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return numRemoved
+    }
+
+    private fun removeUnreachable(allLabeledChunks: MutableMap<String, IRCodeChunkBase>): Int {
+        val entrypointSub = irprog.blocks.single { it.label=="main" }.children.single { it is IRSubroutine && it.label=="main.start" }
+        val reachable = mutableSetOf((entrypointSub as IRSubroutine).chunks.first())
+
+        fun grow() {
+            val new = mutableSetOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+            reachable.forEach {
+                it.next?.let { next -> new += next }
+                it.instructions.forEach { instr ->
+                    if (instr.branchTarget == null)
+                        instr.labelSymbol?.let { label -> allLabeledChunks[label]?.let { chunk -> new += chunk } }
+                    else
+                        new += instr.branchTarget!!
+                }
+            }
+            reachable += new
+        }
+
+        var previousCount = reachable.size
+        while(true) {
+            grow()
+            if(reachable.size<=previousCount)
+                break
+            previousCount = reachable.size
+        }
+
+        return removeUnlinkedChunks(reachable)
+    }
+
+    private fun removeSimpleUnlinked(allLabeledChunks: Map<String, IRCodeChunkBase>): Int {
+        val linkedChunks = mutableSetOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+
+        irprog.foreachCodeChunk { chunk ->
+            chunk.next?.let { next -> linkedChunks += next }
+            chunk.instructions.forEach {
+                if(it.branchTarget==null) {
+                    it.labelSymbol?.let { label -> allLabeledChunks[label]?.let { cc -> linkedChunks += cc } }
+                } else {
+                    linkedChunks += it.branchTarget!!
+                }
+            }
+            if (chunk.label == "main.start")
+                linkedChunks += chunk
+        }
+
+        return removeUnlinkedChunks(linkedChunks)
+    }
+
+    private fun removeUnlinkedChunks(
+        linkedChunks: Set<IRCodeChunkBase>
+    ): Int {
+        var numRemoved = 0
+        irprog.foreachSub { sub ->
+            sub.chunks.withIndex().reversed().forEach { (index, chunk) ->
+                if (chunk !in linkedChunks) {
+                    if (chunk === sub.chunks[0]) {
+                        when(chunk) {
+                            is IRCodeChunk -> {
+                                if (chunk.isNotEmpty()) {
+                                    // don't remove the first chunk of the sub itself because it has to have the name of the sub as label
+                                    chunk.instructions.clear()
+                                    numRemoved++
+                                }
+                            }
+                            is IRInlineAsmChunk, is IRInlineBinaryChunk -> {
+                                sub.chunks[index] = IRCodeChunk(chunk.label, chunk.next)
+                                numRemoved++
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        sub.chunks.removeAt(index)
+                        numRemoved++
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return numRemoved
+    }
+}

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/RegisterPool.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package prog8.codegen.intermediate
+
+internal class RegisterPool {
+    // reserve 0,1,2 for return values of subroutine calls and syscalls in IR assembly code
+    private var firstFree: Int=3
+    private var firstFreeFloat: Int=3
+
+    fun peekNext() = firstFree
+    fun peekNextFloat() = firstFreeFloat
+
+    fun nextFree(): Int {
+        val result = firstFree
+        firstFree++
+        return result
+    }
+
+    fun nextFreeFloat(): Int {
+        val result = firstFreeFloat
+        firstFreeFloat++
+        return result
+    }
+}

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/vm/VmCodeGen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package prog8.codegen.vm
+
+import prog8.code.SymbolTable
+import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
+import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
+import prog8.code.core.IAssemblyProgram
+import prog8.code.core.ICodeGeneratorBackend
+import prog8.code.core.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.codegen.intermediate.IRCodeGen
+import prog8.intermediate.IRFileWriter
+import prog8.intermediate.IRProgram
+
+class VmCodeGen: ICodeGeneratorBackend {
+    override fun generate(
+        program: PtProgram,
+        symbolTable: SymbolTable,
+        options: CompilationOptions,
+        errors: IErrorReporter
+    ): IAssemblyProgram? {
+        val irCodeGen = IRCodeGen(program, symbolTable, options, errors)
+        val irProgram = irCodeGen.generate()
+        return VmAssemblyProgram(irProgram.name, irProgram)
+    }
+}
+
+
+internal class VmAssemblyProgram(override val name: String, internal val irProgram: IRProgram): IAssemblyProgram {
+
+    override fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions, errors: IErrorReporter): Boolean {
+        // the VM reads the IR file from disk.
+        IRFileWriter(irProgram, null).write()
+        return true
+    }
+}

codeGenIntermediate/test/Dummies.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import prog8.code.core.*
+
+
+internal object DummyMemsizer : IMemSizer {
+    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType) = when(dt) {
+        in ByteDatatypes -> 1
+        DataType.FLOAT -> 5
+        else -> 2
+    }
+    override fun memorySize(arrayDt: DataType, numElements: Int) = when(arrayDt) {
+        DataType.ARRAY_UW -> numElements*2
+        DataType.ARRAY_W -> numElements*2
+        DataType.ARRAY_F -> numElements*5
+        else -> numElements
+    }
+}
+
+internal object DummyStringEncoder : IStringEncoding {
+    override fun encodeString(str: String, encoding: Encoding): List<UByte> {
+        return emptyList()
+    }
+
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: Iterable<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String {
+        return ""
+    }
+}
+
+internal class ErrorReporterForTests(private val throwExceptionAtReportIfErrors: Boolean=true, private val keepMessagesAfterReporting: Boolean=false):
+    IErrorReporter {
+
+    val errors = mutableListOf<String>()
+    val warnings = mutableListOf<String>()
+
+    override fun err(msg: String, position: Position) {
+        val text = "${position.toClickableStr()} $msg"
+        if(text !in errors)
+            errors.add(text)
+    }
+
+    override fun warn(msg: String, position: Position) {
+        val text = "${position.toClickableStr()} $msg"
+        if(text !in warnings)
+            warnings.add(text)
+    }
+
+    override fun noErrors(): Boolean  = errors.isEmpty()
+
+    override fun report() {
+        warnings.forEach { println("UNITTEST COMPILATION REPORT: WARNING: $it") }
+        errors.forEach { println("UNITTEST COMPILATION REPORT: ERROR: $it") }
+        if(throwExceptionAtReportIfErrors)
+            finalizeNumErrors(errors.size, warnings.size)
+        if(!keepMessagesAfterReporting) {
+            clear()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun clear() {
+        errors.clear()
+        warnings.clear()
+    }
+}

codeGenIntermediate/test/TestIRPeepholeOpt.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.VMTarget
+import prog8.codegen.intermediate.IRPeepholeOptimizer
+import prog8.intermediate.*
+
+class TestIRPeepholeOpt: FunSpec({
+    fun makeIRProgram(chunks: List<IRCodeChunkBase>): IRProgram {
+        require(chunks.first().label=="main.start")
+        val block = IRBlock("main", null, false, false, IRBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, Position.DUMMY)
+        val sub = IRSubroutine("main.start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        chunks.forEach { sub += it }
+        block += sub
+        val target = VMTarget()
+        val options = CompilationOptions(
+            OutputType.RAW,
+            CbmPrgLauncherType.NONE,
+            ZeropageType.DONTUSE,
+            emptyList(),
+            floats = false,
+            noSysInit = true,
+            compTarget = target,
+            loadAddress = target.machine.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS
+        )
+        val prog = IRProgram("test", IRSymbolTable(null), options, target)
+        prog.addBlock(block)
+        prog.linkChunks()
+        prog.validate()
+        return prog
+    }
+
+    fun makeIRProgram(instructions: List<IRInstruction>): IRProgram {
+        val chunk = IRCodeChunk("main.start", null)
+        instructions.forEach { chunk += it }
+        return makeIRProgram(listOf(chunk))
+    }
+
+    fun IRProgram.chunks(): List<IRCodeChunkBase> = this.allSubs().flatMap { it.chunks }.toList()
+
+    test("remove nops") {
+        val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=1, immediate=42),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.NOP),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.NOP)
+        ))
+        irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 3
+        val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
+        opt.optimize(true, ErrorReporterForTests())
+        irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 1
+    }
+
+    test("remove jmp to label below") {
+        val c1 = IRCodeChunk("main.start", null)
+        c1 += IRInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = "label")  // removed, but chunk stays because of label
+        val c2 = IRCodeChunk("label", null)
+        c2 += IRInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = "label2") // removed, but chunk stays because of label
+        c2 += IRInstruction(Opcode.NOP)  // removed
+        val c3 = IRCodeChunk("label2", null)
+        c3 += IRInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = "label3")
+        c3 += IRInstruction(Opcode.INC, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=1)
+        val c4 = IRCodeChunk("label3", null)
+        val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(c1, c2, c3, c4))
+
+        irProg.chunks().size shouldBe 4
+        irProg.chunks().flatMap { it.instructions }.size shouldBe 5
+        val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
+        opt.optimize(true, ErrorReporterForTests())
+        irProg.chunks().size shouldBe 4
+        irProg.chunks()[0].label shouldBe "main.start"
+        irProg.chunks()[1].label shouldBe "label"
+        irProg.chunks()[2].label shouldBe "label2"
+        irProg.chunks()[3].label shouldBe "label3"
+        irProg.chunks()[0].isEmpty() shouldBe true
+        irProg.chunks()[1].isEmpty() shouldBe true
+        irProg.chunks()[2].isEmpty() shouldBe false
+        irProg.chunks()[3].isEmpty() shouldBe true
+        val instr = irProg.chunks().flatMap { it.instructions }
+        instr.size shouldBe 2
+        instr[0].opcode shouldBe Opcode.JUMP
+        instr[1].opcode shouldBe Opcode.INC
+    }
+
+    test("remove double sec/clc") {
+        val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.SEC),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.SEC),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.SEC),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.CLC),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.CLC),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.CLC)
+        ))
+        irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 6
+        val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
+        opt.optimize(true, ErrorReporterForTests())
+        val instr = irProg.chunks().single().instructions
+        instr.size shouldBe 1
+        instr[0].opcode shouldBe Opcode.CLC
+    }
+
+    test("push followed by pop") {
+        val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.PUSH, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.POP, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.PUSH, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=99),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.POP, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=222)
+        ))
+        irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 4
+        val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
+        opt.optimize(true, ErrorReporterForTests())
+        val instr = irProg.chunks().single().instructions
+        instr.size shouldBe 1
+        instr[0].opcode shouldBe Opcode.LOADR
+        instr[0].reg1 shouldBe 222
+        instr[0].reg2 shouldBe 99
+    }
+
+    test("remove useless div/mul, add/sub") {
+        val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.DIV, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 1),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVS, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 1),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.MUL, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 1),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.MOD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 1),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.DIV, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 2),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVS, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 2),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.MUL, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 2),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.MOD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 2),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.ADD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 0),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.SUB, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 0)
+        ))
+        irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 10
+        val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
+        opt.optimize(true, ErrorReporterForTests())
+        irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 4
+    }
+
+    test("replace add/sub 1 by inc/dec") {
+        val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.ADD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 1),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.SUB, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 1)
+        ))
+        irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 2
+        val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
+        opt.optimize(true, ErrorReporterForTests())
+        val instr = irProg.chunks().single().instructions
+        instr.size shouldBe 2
+        instr[0].opcode shouldBe Opcode.INC
+        instr[1].opcode shouldBe Opcode.DEC
+    }
+
+    test("remove useless and/or/xor") {
+        val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 255),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=42, immediate = 65535),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.OR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 0),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.XOR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 0),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 200),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=42, immediate = 60000),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.OR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 1),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.XOR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 1)
+        ))
+        irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 8
+        val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
+        opt.optimize(true, ErrorReporterForTests())
+        irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 4
+    }
+
+    test("replace and/or/xor by constant number") {
+        val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 0),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=42, immediate = 0),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.OR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, immediate = 255),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.OR, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=42, immediate = 65535)
+        ))
+        irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 4
+        val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
+        opt.optimize(true, ErrorReporterForTests())
+        val instr = irProg.chunks().single().instructions
+        instr.size shouldBe 4
+        instr[0].opcode shouldBe Opcode.LOAD
+        instr[1].opcode shouldBe Opcode.LOAD
+        instr[2].opcode shouldBe Opcode.LOAD
+        instr[3].opcode shouldBe Opcode.LOAD
+        instr[0].immediate shouldBe 0
+        instr[1].immediate shouldBe 0
+        instr[2].immediate shouldBe 255
+        instr[3].immediate shouldBe 65535
+    }
+})

codeGenIntermediate/test/TestVmCodeGen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.ints.shouldBeGreaterThan
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import prog8.code.SymbolTableMaker
+import prog8.code.ast.*
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.VMTarget
+import prog8.codegen.vm.VmAssemblyProgram
+import prog8.codegen.vm.VmCodeGen
+import prog8.intermediate.IRSubroutine
+import prog8.intermediate.Opcode
+
+class TestVmCodeGen: FunSpec({
+
+    fun getTestOptions(): CompilationOptions {
+        val target = VMTarget()
+        return CompilationOptions(
+            OutputType.RAW,
+            CbmPrgLauncherType.NONE,
+            ZeropageType.DONTUSE,
+            zpReserved = emptyList(),
+            floats = true,
+            noSysInit = false,
+            compTarget = target,
+            loadAddress = target.machine.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS
+        )
+    }
+
+    test("augmented assigns") {
+//main {
+//    sub start() {
+//        ubyte[] particleX = [1,2,3]
+//        ubyte[] particleDX = [1,2,3]
+//        particleX[2] += particleDX[2]
+//
+//        word @shared xx = 1
+//        xx = -xx
+//        xx += 42
+//        xx += cx16.r0
+//    }
+//}
+        val codegen = VmCodeGen()
+        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val block = PtBlock("main", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(PtVariable("pi", DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 0.0, Position.DUMMY), null, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(PtVariable("particleX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, 3u, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(PtVariable("particleDX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, 3u, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(PtVariable("xx", DataType.WORD, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, PtNumber(DataType.WORD, 1.0, Position.DUMMY), null, Position.DUMMY))
+
+        val assign = PtAugmentedAssign("+=", Position.DUMMY)
+        val target = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            val targetIdx = PtArrayIndexer(DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY).also { idx ->
+                idx.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.particleX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, Position.DUMMY))
+                idx.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 2.0, Position.DUMMY))
+            }
+            it.add(targetIdx)
+        }
+        val value = PtArrayIndexer(DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        value.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.particleDX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, Position.DUMMY))
+        value.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 2.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        assign.add(target)
+        assign.add(value)
+        sub.add(assign)
+
+        val prefixAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("-", Position.DUMMY)
+        val prefixTarget = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        }
+        prefixAssign.add(prefixTarget)
+        prefixAssign.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(prefixAssign)
+
+        val numberAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("+=", Position.DUMMY)
+        val numberAssignTarget = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        }
+        numberAssign.add(numberAssignTarget)
+        numberAssign.add(PtNumber(DataType.WORD, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(numberAssign)
+
+        val cxregAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("+=", Position.DUMMY)
+        val cxregAssignTarget = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        }
+        cxregAssign.add(cxregAssignTarget)
+        cxregAssign.add(PtIdentifier("cx16.r0", DataType.UWORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(cxregAssign)
+
+        block.add(sub)
+        program.add(block)
+
+        // define the "cx16.r0" virtual register
+        val cx16block = PtBlock("cx16", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        cx16block.add(PtMemMapped("r0", DataType.UWORD, 100u, null, Position.DUMMY))
+        program.add(cx16block)
+
+        val options = getTestOptions()
+        val st = SymbolTableMaker(program, options).make()
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors) as VmAssemblyProgram
+        val irChunks = (result.irProgram.blocks.first().children.single() as IRSubroutine).chunks
+        irChunks.size shouldBe 1
+    }
+
+    test("float comparison expressions against zero") {
+//main {
+//    sub start() {
+//        float @shared f1
+//
+//        if f1==0
+//            nop
+//        if f1!=0
+//            nop
+//        if f1>0
+//            nop
+//        if f1<0
+//            nop
+//    }
+//}
+        val codegen = VmCodeGen()
+        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val block = PtBlock("main", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(PtVariable("f1", DataType.FLOAT, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, null, Position.DUMMY))
+        val if1 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp1 = PtBinaryExpression("==", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp1.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.f1", DataType.FLOAT, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp1.add(PtNumber(DataType.FLOAT, 0.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if1.add(cmp1)
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if1)
+        val if2 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp2 = PtBinaryExpression("!=", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp2.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.f1", DataType.FLOAT, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp2.add(PtNumber(DataType.FLOAT, 0.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if2.add(cmp2)
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if2)
+        val if3 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp3 = PtBinaryExpression("<", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp3.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.f1", DataType.FLOAT, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp3.add(PtNumber(DataType.FLOAT, 0.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if3.add(cmp3)
+        if3.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if3.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if3)
+        val if4 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp4 = PtBinaryExpression(">", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp4.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.f1", DataType.FLOAT, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp4.add(PtNumber(DataType.FLOAT, 0.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if4.add(cmp4)
+        if4.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if4.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if4)
+        block.add(sub)
+        program.add(block)
+
+        val options = getTestOptions()
+        val st = SymbolTableMaker(program, options).make()
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors) as VmAssemblyProgram
+        val irChunks = (result.irProgram.blocks.first().children.single() as IRSubroutine).chunks
+        irChunks.size shouldBeGreaterThan 4
+    }
+
+    test("float comparison expressions against nonzero") {
+//main {
+//    sub start() {
+//        float @shared f1
+//
+//        if f1==42
+//            nop
+//        if f1!=42
+//            nop
+//        if f1>42
+//            nop
+//        if f1<42
+//            nop
+//    }
+//}
+        val codegen = VmCodeGen()
+        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val block = PtBlock("main", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(PtVariable("f1", DataType.FLOAT, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, null, Position.DUMMY))
+        val if1 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp1 = PtBinaryExpression("==", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp1.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.f1", DataType.FLOAT, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp1.add(PtNumber(DataType.FLOAT, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if1.add(cmp1)
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if1)
+        val if2 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp2 = PtBinaryExpression("!=", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp2.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.f1", DataType.FLOAT, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp2.add(PtNumber(DataType.FLOAT, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if2.add(cmp2)
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if2)
+        val if3 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp3 = PtBinaryExpression("<", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp3.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.f1", DataType.FLOAT, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp3.add(PtNumber(DataType.FLOAT, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if3.add(cmp3)
+        if3.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if3.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if3)
+        val if4 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp4 = PtBinaryExpression(">", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp4.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.f1", DataType.FLOAT, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp4.add(PtNumber(DataType.FLOAT, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if4.add(cmp4)
+        if4.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if4.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if4)
+        block.add(sub)
+        program.add(block)
+
+        val options = getTestOptions()
+        val st = SymbolTableMaker(program, options).make()
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors) as VmAssemblyProgram
+        val irChunks = (result.irProgram.blocks.first().children.single() as IRSubroutine).chunks
+        irChunks.size shouldBeGreaterThan 4
+    }
+
+    test("float conditional jump") {
+//main {
+//    sub start() {
+//        float @shared f1
+//
+//        if f1==42
+//            goto $c000
+//        if f1>42
+//            goto $c000
+//    }
+//}
+        val codegen = VmCodeGen()
+        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val block = PtBlock("main", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(PtVariable("f1", DataType.FLOAT, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, null, Position.DUMMY))
+        val if1 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp1 = PtBinaryExpression("==", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp1.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.f1", DataType.FLOAT, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp1.add(PtNumber(DataType.FLOAT, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if1.add(cmp1)
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtJump(null, 0xc000u, null, Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup())
+        sub.add(if1)
+        val if2 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp2 = PtBinaryExpression(">", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp2.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.f1", DataType.FLOAT, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp2.add(PtNumber(DataType.FLOAT, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if2.add(cmp2)
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtJump(null, 0xc000u, null, Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup())
+        sub.add(if2)
+        block.add(sub)
+        program.add(block)
+
+        val options = getTestOptions()
+        val st = SymbolTableMaker(program, options).make()
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors) as VmAssemblyProgram
+        val irChunks = (result.irProgram.blocks.first().children.single() as IRSubroutine).chunks
+        irChunks.size shouldBe 1
+    }
+
+    test("integer comparison expressions against zero") {
+//main {
+//    sub start() {
+//        byte @shared sb1
+//
+//        if sb1==0
+//            nop
+//        if sb1!=0
+//            nop
+//        if sb1>0
+//            nop
+//        if sb1<0
+//            nop
+//    }
+//}
+        val codegen = VmCodeGen()
+        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val block = PtBlock("main", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(PtVariable("sb1", DataType.BYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, null, Position.DUMMY))
+        val if1 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp1 = PtBinaryExpression("==", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp1.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.sb1", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp1.add(PtNumber(DataType.BYTE, 0.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if1.add(cmp1)
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if1)
+        val if2 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp2 = PtBinaryExpression("!=", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp2.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.sb1", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp2.add(PtNumber(DataType.BYTE, 0.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if2.add(cmp2)
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if2)
+        val if3 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp3 = PtBinaryExpression("<", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp3.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.sb1", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp3.add(PtNumber(DataType.BYTE, 0.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if3.add(cmp3)
+        if3.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if3.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if3)
+        val if4 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp4 = PtBinaryExpression(">", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp4.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.sb1", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp4.add(PtNumber(DataType.BYTE, 0.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if4.add(cmp4)
+        if4.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if4.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if4)
+        block.add(sub)
+        program.add(block)
+
+        val options = getTestOptions()
+        val st = SymbolTableMaker(program, options).make()
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors) as VmAssemblyProgram
+        val irChunks = (result.irProgram.blocks.first().children.single() as IRSubroutine).chunks
+        irChunks.size shouldBeGreaterThan 4
+    }
+
+    test("integer comparison expressions against nonzero") {
+//main {
+//    sub start() {
+//        byte @shared sb1
+//
+//        if sb1==42
+//            nop
+//        if sb1!=42
+//            nop
+//        if sb1>42
+//            nop
+//        if sb1<42
+//            nop
+//    }
+//}
+        val codegen = VmCodeGen()
+        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val block = PtBlock("main", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(PtVariable("sb1", DataType.BYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, null, Position.DUMMY))
+        val if1 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp1 = PtBinaryExpression("==", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp1.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.sb1", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp1.add(PtNumber(DataType.BYTE, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if1.add(cmp1)
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if1)
+        val if2 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp2 = PtBinaryExpression("!=", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp2.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.sb1", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp2.add(PtNumber(DataType.BYTE, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if2.add(cmp2)
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if2)
+        val if3 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp3 = PtBinaryExpression("<", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp3.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.sb1", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp3.add(PtNumber(DataType.BYTE, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if3.add(cmp3)
+        if3.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if3.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if3)
+        val if4 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp4 = PtBinaryExpression(">", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp4.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.sb1", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp4.add(PtNumber(DataType.BYTE, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if4.add(cmp4)
+        if4.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if4.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if4)
+        block.add(sub)
+        program.add(block)
+
+        val options = getTestOptions()
+        val st = SymbolTableMaker(program, options).make()
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors) as VmAssemblyProgram
+        val irChunks = (result.irProgram.blocks.first().children.single() as IRSubroutine).chunks
+        irChunks.size shouldBeGreaterThan 4
+    }
+
+    test("integer conditional jump") {
+//main {
+//    sub start() {
+//        ubyte @shared ub1
+//
+//        if ub1==42
+//            goto $c000
+//        if ub1>42
+//            goto $c000
+//    }
+//}
+        val codegen = VmCodeGen()
+        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val block = PtBlock("main", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(PtVariable("ub1", DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, null, Position.DUMMY))
+        val if1 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp1 = PtBinaryExpression("==", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp1.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.ub1", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp1.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if1.add(cmp1)
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtJump(null, 0xc000u, null, Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup())
+        sub.add(if1)
+        val if2 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp2 = PtBinaryExpression(">", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp2.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.ub1", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp2.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if2.add(cmp2)
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtJump(null, 0xc000u, null, Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup())
+        sub.add(if2)
+        block.add(sub)
+        program.add(block)
+
+        val options = getTestOptions()
+        val st = SymbolTableMaker(program, options).make()
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors) as VmAssemblyProgram
+        val irChunks = (result.irProgram.blocks.first().children.single() as IRSubroutine).chunks
+        irChunks.size shouldBe 1
+    }
+
+    test("romsub allowed in ir-codegen") {
+//main {
+//    romsub $5000 = routine()
+//
+//    sub start()  {
+//        routine()
+//    }
+//}
+        val codegen = VmCodeGen()
+        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val block = PtBlock("main", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        val romsub = PtAsmSub("routine", 0x5000u, setOf(CpuRegister.Y), emptyList(), emptyList(), false, Position.DUMMY)
+        block.add(romsub)
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        val call = PtFunctionCall("main.routine", true, DataType.UNDEFINED, Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(call)
+        block.add(sub)
+        program.add(block)
+
+        val options = getTestOptions()
+        val st = SymbolTableMaker(program, options).make()
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors) as VmAssemblyProgram
+        val irChunks = (result.irProgram.blocks.first().children.single() as IRSubroutine).chunks
+        irChunks.size shouldBe 1
+        val callInstr = irChunks.single().instructions.single()
+        callInstr.opcode shouldBe Opcode.CALL
+        callInstr.address shouldBe 0x5000
+    }
+})

codeGenVirtual/codeGenVirtual.iml

@@ -1,16 +1,8 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<module type="JAVA_MODULE" version="4">
+<module version="4">
   <component name="NewModuleRootManager" inherit-compiler-output="true">
     <exclude-output />
-    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
-      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src" isTestSource="false" />
-    </content>
     <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
     <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="KotlinJavaRuntime" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="michael.bull.kotlin.result.jvm" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="codeAst" />
-    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="codeCore" />
-    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="virtualmachine" />
   </component>
 </module>

codeGenVirtual/src/prog8/codegen/virtual/AssemblyProgram.kt

@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.codegen.virtual
-
-import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.code.core.IAssemblyProgram
-import prog8.vm.Instruction
-import prog8.vm.Opcode
-import prog8.vm.VmDataType
-import java.io.BufferedWriter
-import kotlin.io.path.bufferedWriter
-import kotlin.io.path.div
-
-
-internal class AssemblyProgram(override val name: String,
-                               private val allocations: VariableAllocator
-) : IAssemblyProgram {
-
-    private val globalInits = mutableListOf<VmCodeLine>()
-    private val blocks = mutableListOf<VmCodeChunk>()
-
-    override fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions): Boolean {
-        val outfile = options.outputDir / ("$name.p8virt")
-        println("write code to $outfile")
-        outfile.bufferedWriter().use { out ->
-            allocations.asVmMemory().forEach { (name, alloc) ->
-                out.write("; ${name.joinToString(".")}\n")
-                out.write(alloc + "\n")
-            }
-            out.write("------PROGRAM------\n")
-
-            out.write("; global var inits\n")
-            globalInits.forEach { out.writeLine(it) }
-
-            out.write("; actual program code\n")
-            blocks.asSequence().flatMap { it.lines }.forEach { line->out.writeLine(line) }
-        }
-        return true
-    }
-
-    private fun BufferedWriter.writeLine(line: VmCodeLine) {
-        when(line) {
-            is VmCodeComment -> write("; ${line.comment}\n")
-            is VmCodeInstruction -> {
-                write(line.ins.toString() + "\n")
-            }
-            is VmCodeLabel -> write("_" + line.name.joinToString(".") + ":\n")
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun addGlobalInits(chunk: VmCodeChunk) = globalInits.addAll(chunk.lines)
-    fun addBlock(block: VmCodeChunk) = blocks.add(block)
-}
-
-internal sealed class VmCodeLine
-
-internal class VmCodeInstruction(
-    opcode: Opcode,
-    type: VmDataType?=null,
-    reg1: Int?=null,        // 0-$ffff
-    reg2: Int?=null,        // 0-$ffff
-    reg3: Int?=null,        // 0-$ffff
-    value: Int?=null,       // 0-$ffff
-    symbol: List<String>?=null    // alternative to value
-    ): VmCodeLine() {
-        val ins = Instruction(opcode, type, reg1, reg2, reg3, value, symbol)
-    }
-internal class VmCodeLabel(val name: List<String>): VmCodeLine()
-internal class VmCodeComment(val comment: String): VmCodeLine()
-
-internal class VmCodeChunk(initial: VmCodeLine? = null) {
-    val lines = mutableListOf<VmCodeLine>()
-
-    init {
-        if(initial!=null)
-            lines.add(initial)
-    }
-
-    operator fun plusAssign(line: VmCodeLine) {
-        lines.add(line)
-    }
-
-    operator fun plusAssign(chunk: VmCodeChunk) {
-        lines.addAll(chunk.lines)
-    }
-}

codeGenVirtual/src/prog8/codegen/virtual/BuiltinFuncGen.kt

@@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.codegen.virtual
-
-import prog8.code.ast.PtBuiltinFunctionCall
-import prog8.code.ast.PtNumber
-import prog8.code.ast.PtString
-import prog8.vm.Opcode
-import prog8.vm.Syscall
-import prog8.vm.VmDataType
-
-internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: CodeGen, private val exprGen: ExpressionGen) {
-
-    fun translate(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        when(call.name) {
-            "syscall" -> {
-                val vExpr = call.args.single() as PtNumber
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value=vExpr.number.toInt())
-            }
-            "syscall1" -> {
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.PUSH, VmDataType.WORD, reg1 = 0)
-                val callNr = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
-                code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1], 0)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value=callNr)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.POP, VmDataType.WORD, reg1 = 0)
-            }
-            "syscall2" -> {
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.PUSH, VmDataType.WORD, reg1 = 0)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.PUSH, VmDataType.WORD, reg1 = 1)
-                while(codeGen.vmRegisters.peekNext()<2) {
-                    codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                }
-                val callNr = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
-                code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1], 0)
-                code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[2], 1)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value=callNr)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.POP, VmDataType.WORD, reg1 = 1)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.POP, VmDataType.WORD, reg1 = 0)
-            }
-            "syscall3" -> {
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.PUSH, VmDataType.WORD, reg1 = 0)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.PUSH, VmDataType.WORD, reg1 = 1)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.PUSH, VmDataType.WORD, reg1 = 2)
-                while(codeGen.vmRegisters.peekNext()<3) {
-                    codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                }
-                val callNr = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
-                code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1], 0)
-                code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[2], 1)
-                code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[3], 2)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value=callNr)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.POP, VmDataType.WORD, reg1 = 2)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.POP, VmDataType.WORD, reg1 = 1)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.POP, VmDataType.WORD, reg1 = 0)
-            }
-            "msb" -> {
-                code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single(), resultRegister)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SWAP, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1 = resultRegister)
-                // note: if a word result is needed, the upper byte is cleared by the typecast that follows. No need to do it here.
-            }
-            "lsb" -> {
-                code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single(), resultRegister)
-                // note: if a word result is needed, the upper byte is cleared by the typecast that follows. No need to do it here.
-            }
-            "memory" -> {
-                val name = (call.args[0] as PtString).value
-                val size = (call.args[1] as PtNumber).number.toUInt()
-                val align = (call.args[2] as PtNumber).number.toUInt()
-                val existing = codeGen.allocations.getMemorySlab(name)
-                val address = if(existing==null)
-                    codeGen.allocations.allocateMemorySlab(name, size, align)
-                else if(existing.second!=size || existing.third!=align) {
-                    codeGen.errors.err("memory slab '$name' already exists with a different size or alignment", call.position)
-                    return VmCodeChunk()
-                }
-                else
-                    existing.first
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.WORD, reg1=resultRegister, value=address.toInt())
-            }
-            "rnd" -> {
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value= Syscall.RND.ordinal)
-                if(resultRegister!=0)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister, reg2=0)
-            }
-            "peek" -> {
-                val addressReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single(), addressReg)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADI, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2=addressReg)
-            }
-            "peekw" -> {
-                val addressReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single(), addressReg)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADI, VmDataType.WORD, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2=addressReg)
-            }
-            "mkword" -> {
-                val msbReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                val lsbReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0], msbReg)
-                code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1], lsbReg)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.CONCAT, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister, reg2=msbReg, reg3=lsbReg)
-            }
-            else -> {
-                TODO("builtinfunc ${call.name}")
-//                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.NOP))
-//                for (arg in call.args) {
-//                    code += translateExpression(arg, resultRegister)
-//                    code += when(arg.type) {
-//                        in ByteDatatypes -> VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.PUSH, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister))
-//                        in WordDatatypes -> VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.PUSH, VmDataType.WORD, reg1=resultRegister))
-//                        else -> throw AssemblyError("weird arg dt")
-//                    }
-//                }
-//                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.CALL), labelArg = listOf("_prog8_builtin", call.name))
-//                for (arg in call.args) {
-//                    code += when(arg.type) {
-//                        in ByteDatatypes -> VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.POP, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister))
-//                        in WordDatatypes -> VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.POP, VmDataType.WORD, reg1=resultRegister))
-//                        else -> throw AssemblyError("weird arg dt")
-//                    }
-//                }
-//                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.NOP))
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-}