Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master'

# Conflicts:
#	codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/ExpressionGen.kt
#	docs/source/todo.rst

.github/workflows/all-ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+name: Build and Test the Prog8 compiler
+
+on:
+  push:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: Install 64tass
+        run: sudo apt-get update -y && sudo apt-get install -y 64tass
+
+      - name: Set up JDK 11
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v2
+        with:
+          java-version: 11
+          distribution: adopt
+
+      - name: Build and test with Gradle
+        run: ./gradlew build shadowJar --no-daemon
+
+      - name: Create compiler shadowJar artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: prog8-compiler-jar-zipped
+          path: compiler/build/libs/*-all.jar

.idea/kotlinc.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="Kotlin2JvmCompilerArguments">
+    <option name="jvmTarget" value="11" />
+  </component>
+  <component name="KotlinJpsPluginSettings">
+    <option name="version" value="1.8.20" />
+  </component>
+</project>

.idea/libraries/antlr_antlr4.xml

@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="antlr.antlr4" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="org.antlr:antlr4:4.10.1">
+    <properties maven-id="org.antlr:antlr4:4.12.0">
       <exclude>
         <dependency maven-id="com.ibm.icu:icu4j" />
       </exclude>
     </properties>
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr4/4.10.1/antlr4-4.10.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr4-runtime/4.10.1/antlr4-runtime-4.10.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr4/4.12.0/antlr4-4.12.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr4-runtime/4.12.0/antlr4-runtime-4.12.0.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr-runtime/3.5.3/antlr-runtime-3.5.3.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/ST4/4.3.3/ST4-4.3.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/ST4/4.3.4/ST4-4.3.4.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/abego/treelayout/org.abego.treelayout.core/1.0.3/org.abego.treelayout.core-1.0.3.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/glassfish/javax.json/1.0.4/javax.json-1.0.4.jar!/" />
     </CLASSES>
     <JAVADOC />
     <SOURCES />

.idea/libraries/github_hypfvieh_dbus_java.xml

@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="github.hypfvieh.dbus.java" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="com.github.hypfvieh:dbus-java:3.3.1" />
+    <properties maven-id="com.github.hypfvieh:dbus-java:3.3.2" />
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/hypfvieh/dbus-java/3.3.1/dbus-java-3.3.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-unixsocket/0.38.6/jnr-unixsocket-0.38.6.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-ffi/2.2.2/jnr-ffi-2.2.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jffi/1.3.1/jffi-1.3.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jffi/1.3.1/jffi-1.3.1-native.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm/9.1/asm-9.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-commons/9.1/asm-commons-9.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-analysis/9.1/asm-analysis-9.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-tree/9.1/asm-tree-9.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-util/9.1/asm-util-9.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/hypfvieh/dbus-java/3.3.2/dbus-java-3.3.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-unixsocket/0.38.17/jnr-unixsocket-0.38.17.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-ffi/2.2.11/jnr-ffi-2.2.11.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jffi/1.3.9/jffi-1.3.9.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jffi/1.3.9/jffi-1.3.9-native.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm/9.2/asm-9.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-commons/9.2/asm-commons-9.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-analysis/9.2/asm-analysis-9.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-tree/9.2/asm-tree-9.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-util/9.2/asm-util-9.2.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-a64asm/1.0.0/jnr-a64asm-1.0.0.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-x86asm/1.0.2/jnr-x86asm-1.0.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-constants/0.10.1/jnr-constants-0.10.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-enxio/0.32.4/jnr-enxio-0.32.4.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-posix/3.1.5/jnr-posix-3.1.5.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.30/slf4j-api-1.7.30.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-constants/0.10.3/jnr-constants-0.10.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-enxio/0.32.13/jnr-enxio-0.32.13.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-posix/3.1.15/jnr-posix-3.1.15.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.36/slf4j-api-1.7.36.jar!/" />
     </CLASSES>
     <JAVADOC />
     <SOURCES />

.idea/libraries/io_kotest_assertions_core_jvm.xml

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="io.kotest.assertions.core.jvm" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="io.kotest:kotest-assertions-core-jvm:5.3.2" />
+    <properties maven-id="io.kotest:kotest-assertions-core-jvm:5.5.5" />
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-core-jvm/5.3.2/kotest-assertions-core-jvm-5.3.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-core-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-assertions-core-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-1.6.21.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm/5.3.2/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm-5.3.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/java-diff-utils/java-diff-utils/4.11/java-diff-utils-4.11.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/java-diff-utils/java-diff-utils/4.12/java-diff-utils-4.12.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/opentest4j/opentest4j/1.2.0/opentest4j-1.2.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8/1.6.1/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8-1.6.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.6.21.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8/1.6.4/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8-1.6.4.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-reflect/1.6.21/kotlin-reflect-1.6.21.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm/1.6.1/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm-1.6.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.6.0/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.6.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-common-jvm/5.3.2/kotest-common-jvm-5.3.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-api-jvm/5.3.2/kotest-assertions-api-jvm-5.3.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-common-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-common-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-api-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-assertions-api-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm/1.6.4/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm-1.6.4.jar!/" />
     </CLASSES>
     <JAVADOC />
     <SOURCES />

.idea/libraries/io_kotest_property_jvm.xml

@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="io.kotest.property.jvm" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="io.kotest:kotest-property-jvm:5.3.2" />
+    <properties maven-id="io.kotest:kotest-property-jvm:5.5.5" />
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-property-jvm/5.3.2/kotest-property-jvm-5.3.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/curious-odd-man/rgxgen/1.3/rgxgen-1.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-property-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-property-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-common-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-common-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-api-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-assertions-api-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8/1.6.4/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8-1.6.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/opentest4j/opentest4j/1.2.0/opentest4j-1.2.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.6.21.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/curious-odd-man/rgxgen/1.4/rgxgen-1.4.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-1.6.21.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.6.21.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-common-jvm/5.3.2/kotest-common-jvm-5.3.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm/5.3.2/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm-5.3.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-api-jvm/5.3.2/kotest-assertions-api-jvm-5.3.2.jar!/" />
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-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.6.0/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.6.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm/1.6.4/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm-1.6.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/java-diff-utils/java-diff-utils/4.12/java-diff-utils-4.12.jar!/" />
     </CLASSES>
     <JAVADOC />
     <SOURCES />

.idea/libraries/io_kotest_runner_junit5_jvm.xml

@@ -1,46 +1,50 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="io.kotest.runner.junit5.jvm" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5-jvm:5.3.2" />
+    <properties maven-id="io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5-jvm:5.5.5" />
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-runner-junit5-jvm/5.3.2/kotest-runner-junit5-jvm-5.3.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-api-jvm/5.3.2/kotest-framework-api-jvm-5.3.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm/5.3.2/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm-5.3.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/java-diff-utils/java-diff-utils/4.11/java-diff-utils-4.11.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-test-jvm/1.6.1/kotlinx-coroutines-test-jvm-1.6.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-common-jvm/5.3.2/kotest-common-jvm-5.3.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-engine-jvm/5.3.2/kotest-framework-engine-jvm-5.3.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/classgraph/classgraph/4.8.146/classgraph-4.8.146.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-runner-junit5-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-runner-junit5-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-api-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-framework-api-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-test-jvm/1.6.4/kotlinx-coroutines-test-jvm-1.6.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/java-diff-utils/java-diff-utils/4.12/java-diff-utils-4.12.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.6.21.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-common-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-common-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-engine-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-framework-engine-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/classgraph/classgraph/4.8.154/classgraph-4.8.154.jar!/" />
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+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-debug/1.6.4/kotlinx-coroutines-debug-1.6.4.jar!/" />
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-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-agent-common/1.12.3/mockk-agent-common-1.12.3.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/objenesis/objenesis/3.1/objenesis-3.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/net/bytebuddy/byte-buddy/1.12.6/byte-buddy-1.12.6.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/net/bytebuddy/byte-buddy-agent/1.12.6/byte-buddy-agent-1.12.6.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-concurrency-jvm/5.3.2/kotest-framework-concurrency-jvm-5.3.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm/1.6.1/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm-1.6.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.6.0/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.6.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/net/bytebuddy/byte-buddy/1.10.9/byte-buddy-1.10.9.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/net/bytebuddy/byte-buddy-agent/1.10.9/byte-buddy-agent-1.10.9.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-discovery-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-framework-discovery-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-core-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-assertions-core-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8/1.6.4/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8-1.6.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-api-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-assertions-api-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-extensions-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-extensions-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-jvm/1.13.1/mockk-jvm-1.13.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-dsl-jvm/1.13.1/mockk-dsl-jvm-1.13.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-agent-jvm/1.13.1/mockk-agent-jvm-1.13.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/objenesis/objenesis/3.2/objenesis-3.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-agent-api-jvm/1.13.1/mockk-agent-api-jvm-1.13.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-core-jvm/1.13.1/mockk-core-jvm-1.13.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.36/slf4j-api-1.7.36.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/junit/junit/4.13.2/junit-4.13.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/hamcrest/hamcrest-core/1.3/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/jupiter/junit-jupiter/5.8.2/junit-jupiter-5.8.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/jupiter/junit-jupiter-params/5.8.2/junit-jupiter-params-5.8.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/jupiter/junit-jupiter-engine/5.8.2/junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core/1.6.4/kotlinx-coroutines-core-1.6.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-concurrency-jvm/5.5.5/kotest-framework-concurrency-jvm-5.5.5.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm/1.6.4/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm-1.6.4.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-engine/1.7.2/junit-platform-engine-1.7.2.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/apiguardian/apiguardian-api/1.1.0/apiguardian-api-1.1.0.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-commons/1.7.2/junit-platform-commons-1.7.2.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-suite-api/1.7.2/junit-platform-suite-api-1.7.2.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-launcher/1.7.2/junit-platform-launcher-1.7.2.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/jupiter/junit-jupiter-api/5.7.2/junit-jupiter-api-5.7.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/jupiter/junit-jupiter-api/5.8.2/junit-jupiter-api-5.8.2.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.6.21.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.6.21/kotlin-stdlib-1.6.21.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0.jar!/" />

.idea/libraries/jetbrains_kotlinx_cli_jvm.xml

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="jetbrains.kotlinx.cli.jvm" type="repository">
-    <properties include-transitive-deps="false" maven-id="org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-cli-jvm:0.3.4" />
+    <properties include-transitive-deps="false" maven-id="org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-cli-jvm:0.3.5" />
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-cli-jvm/0.3.4/kotlinx-cli-jvm-0.3.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-cli-jvm/0.3.5/kotlinx-cli-jvm-0.3.5.jar!/" />
     </CLASSES>
     <JAVADOC />
     <SOURCES />

.idea/libraries/slf4j_simple.xml

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="slf4j.simple" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="org.slf4j:slf4j-simple:1.7.36" />
+    <properties maven-id="org.slf4j:slf4j-simple:2.0.7" />
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-simple/1.7.36/slf4j-simple-1.7.36.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.36/slf4j-api-1.7.36.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-simple/2.0.7/slf4j-simple-2.0.7.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/2.0.7/slf4j-api-2.0.7.jar!/" />
     </CLASSES>
     <JAVADOC />
     <SOURCES />

.idea/libraries/takes.xml

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="takes" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="org.takes:takes:1.20" />
+    <properties maven-id="org.takes:takes:1.24.4" />
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/takes/takes/1.20/takes-1.20.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/cactoos/cactoos/0.50/cactoos-0.50.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/javax/xml/bind/jaxb-api/2.3.0/jaxb-api-2.3.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.25/slf4j-api-1.7.25.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/apache/commons/commons-text/1.4/commons-text-1.4.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/apache/commons/commons-lang3/3.7/commons-lang3-3.7.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/sun/xml/bind/jaxb-core/2.3.0/jaxb-core-2.3.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/sun/xml/bind/jaxb-impl/2.3.0/jaxb-impl-2.3.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/takes/takes/1.24.4/takes-1.24.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/cactoos/cactoos/0.54.0/cactoos-0.54.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/javax/xml/bind/jaxb-api/2.4.0-b180830.0359/jaxb-api-2.4.0-b180830.0359.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/javax/activation/javax.activation-api/1.2.0/javax.activation-api-1.2.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/sun/xml/bind/jaxb-core/4.0.0/jaxb-core-4.0.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/jakarta/xml/bind/jakarta.xml.bind-api/4.0.0/jakarta.xml.bind-api-4.0.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/jakarta/activation/jakarta.activation-api/2.1.0/jakarta.activation-api-2.1.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/eclipse/angus/angus-activation/1.0.0/angus-activation-1.0.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/sun/xml/bind/jaxb-impl/4.0.0/jaxb-impl-4.0.0.jar!/" />
     </CLASSES>
     <JAVADOC />
     <SOURCES />

.idea/misc.xml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
   <component name="FrameworkDetectionExcludesConfiguration">
     <type id="Python" />
   </component>
-  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_11" project-jdk-name="11" project-jdk-type="JavaSDK">
+  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_11" default="true" project-jdk-name="openjdk-11" project-jdk-type="JavaSDK">
     <output url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/out" />
   </component>
 </project>

.idea/modules.xml

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 <project version="4">
   <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
     <modules>
-      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeAst/codeAst.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeAst/codeAst.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeCore/codeCore.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeCore/codeCore.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenCpu6502/codeGenCpu6502.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenCpu6502/codeGenCpu6502.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenExperimental/codeGenExperimental.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenExperimental/codeGenExperimental.iml" />
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenIntermediate/codeGenIntermediate.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenIntermediate/codeGenIntermediate.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenVirtual/codeGenVirtual.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGenVirtual/codeGenVirtual.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeOptimizers/codeOptimizers.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeOptimizers/codeOptimizers.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/compiler/compiler.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/compiler/compiler.iml" />
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/docs/docs.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/docs/docs.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/examples/examples.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/examples/examples.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/httpCompilerService/httpCompilerService.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/httpCompilerService/httpCompilerService.iml" />
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/intermediate/intermediate.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/intermediate/intermediate.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/parser.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/parser/parser.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/virtualmachine/virtualmachine.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/virtualmachine/virtualmachine.iml" />
     </modules>

.readthedocs.yaml

@@ -7,13 +7,9 @@ version: 2
 
 # Set the version of Python and other tools you might need
 build:
-  os: ubuntu-20.04
+  os: ubuntu-22.04
   tools:
-    python: "3.9"
-    # You can also specify other tool versions:
-    # nodejs: "16"
-    # rust: "1.55"
-    # golang: "1.17"
+    python: "3.11"
 
 # Build documentation in the docs/ directory with Sphinx
 sphinx:

CompilerDevelopment.md

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-#### Just a few remarks upfront:
-* There is the (gradle/IDEA) module `parser`: that's the parser generated by ANTLR4, in Java. The only file to be edited here is the grammar, `prog8.g4`.
-* Then we have the module `compilerAst` - in Kotlin - which uses `parser` and adds AST nodes. Here we put our additions to the generated thing, *including any tests of the parsing stage*.
-  - the name is a bit misleading, as this module isn't (or, resp. shouldn't be; see below) about *compiling*, only the parsing stage
-  - also, the tree that comes out isn't much of an *abstraction*, but rather still more or less a parse tree (this might very well change).
-  - **However, let's not *yet* rename the module.** We'll find a good name during refactoring.
-
-#### Problems with `compilerAst`:
-* `ModuleImporter.kt`, doing (Prog8-) module resolution. That's not the parser's job.
-* `ParsingFailedError` (in `ModuleParsing.kt`): this exception (it is actually *not* a `java.lang.Error`...) is thrown in a number of places, where other exceptions would make more sense. For example: not finding a file should just yield a `NoSuchFileException`, not this one. The other problem with it is that it does not provide any additional information about the source of parsing error, in particular a `Position`.
-* During parsing, character literals are turned into UBYTEs (since there is no basic type e.g. CHAR). That's bad because it depends on a specific character encoding (`IStringEncoding` in `compilerAst/src/prog8/ast/AstToplevel.kt`) of/for some target platform. Note that *strings* are indeed encoded later, in the `compiler` module.
-* The same argument applies to `IMemSizer`, and - not entirely sure about that - `IBuiltinFunctions`.
-
-#### Steps to take, in conceptual (!) order:
-
-(note: all these steps have been implemented, rejected or otherwise solved now.)
-
-1. introduce an abstraction `SourceCode` that encapsulates the origin and actual loading of Prog8 source code
-   - from the local file system (use case: user programs)
-   - from resources (prog8lib)
-   - from plain strings (for testing)
-2. add subclass `ParseError : ParsingFailedError` which adds information about the *source of parsing error* (`SourceCode` and `Position`). We cannot just replace `ParsingFailedError`  right away because it is so widely used (even in the `compiler` module). Therefore we'll just subclass for the time being, add more and more tests requiring the new one to be thrown (or, resp., NOT to be thrown), and gradually transition.
-3. introduce a minimal interface to the outside, input: `SourceCode`, output: a tree with a `Module` node as the root
-   - this will be the Kotlin singleton `Prog8Parser` with the main method `parseModule`
-   - plus, optionally, method's for registering/unregistering a listener with the parser
-   - the *only* exception ever thrown / reported to listeners (TBD) will be `ParseError`
-   - anything related to the lexer, error strategies, character/token streams is hidden from the outside
-   - to make a clear distinction between the *generated* parser (and lexer) vs. `Prog8Parser`, and to discourage directly using the generated stuff, we'll rename the existing `prog8Parser`/`prog8Lexer` to `Prog8ANTLRParser` and `Prog8ANTLRLexer` and move them to package `prog8.parser.generated`
-4. introduce AST node `CharLiteral` and keep them until after identifier resolution and type checking; insert there an AST transformation step that turns them in UBYTE constants (literals)
-5. remove uses of `IStringEncoding` from module `compilerAst` - none should be necessary anymore
-6. move `IStringEncoding` to module `compiler`
-7. same with `ModuleImporter`, then rewrite that (addressing #46)
-8. refactor AST nodes and grammar: less generated parse tree nodes (`XyzContext`), less intermediary stuff (private classes in `Antrl2Kotlin.kt`), more compact code. Also: nicer names such as simply `StringLiteral` instead of `StringLiteralValue`
-9. re-think `IStringEncoding` to address #38
-

README.md

@@ -78,6 +78,9 @@ It's handy to have an emulator (or a real machine perhaps!) to run the programs
 of the [Vice emulator](http://vice-emu.sourceforge.net/)  for the C64 target,
 and the [x16emu emulator](https://github.com/commanderx16/x16-emulator) for the CommanderX16 target.
 
+**Syntax highlighting:** for a few different editors, syntax highlighting definition files are provided.
+Look in the [syntax-files](https://github.com/irmen/prog8/tree/master/syntax-files) directory in the github repository to find them.
+
 
 Example code
 ------------

codeAst/src/prog8/code/SymbolTable.kt

@@ -1,235 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code
-
-import prog8.code.core.*
-
-
-/**
- * Tree structure containing all symbol definitions in the program
- * (blocks, subroutines, variables (all types) and labels).
- */
-class SymbolTable : StNode("", StNodeType.GLOBAL, Position.DUMMY) {
-    fun print() = printIndented(0)
-
-    override fun printProperties() { }
-
-    /**
-     * The table as a flat mapping of scoped names to the StNode.
-     * This gives the fastest lookup possible (no need to traverse tree nodes)
-     */
-    val flat: Map<List<String>, StNode> by lazy {
-        val result = mutableMapOf<List<String>, StNode>()
-        fun flatten(node: StNode) {
-            result[node.scopedName] = node
-            node.children.values.forEach { flatten(it) }
-        }
-        children.values.forEach { flatten(it) }
-        result
-    }
-
-    val allVariables: Collection<StStaticVariable> by lazy {
-        val vars = mutableListOf<StStaticVariable>()
-        fun collect(node: StNode) {
-            for(child in node.children) {
-                if(child.value.type== StNodeType.STATICVAR)
-                    vars.add(child.value as StStaticVariable)
-                else
-                    collect(child.value)
-            }
-        }
-        collect(this)
-        vars
-    }
-
-    val allMemMappedVariables: Collection<StMemVar> by lazy {
-        val vars = mutableListOf<StMemVar>()
-        fun collect(node: StNode) {
-            for(child in node.children) {
-                if(child.value.type== StNodeType.MEMVAR)
-                    vars.add(child.value as StMemVar)
-                else
-                    collect(child.value)
-            }
-        }
-        collect(this)
-        vars
-    }
-
-    override fun lookup(scopedName: List<String>) = flat[scopedName]
-}
-
-
-enum class StNodeType {
-    GLOBAL,
-    // MODULE,     // not used with current scoping rules
-    BLOCK,
-    SUBROUTINE,
-    ROMSUB,
-    LABEL,
-    STATICVAR,
-    MEMVAR,
-    CONSTANT,
-    BUILTINFUNC
-}
-
-
-open class StNode(val name: String,
-                  val type: StNodeType,
-                  val position: Position,
-                  val children: MutableMap<String, StNode> = mutableMapOf()
-) {
-
-    lateinit var parent: StNode
-
-    val scopedName: List<String> by lazy {
-        if(type== StNodeType.GLOBAL)
-            emptyList()
-        else
-            parent.scopedName + name
-    }
-
-    fun lookup(name: String) =
-        lookupUnqualified(name)
-    open fun lookup(scopedName: List<String>) =
-        if(scopedName.size>1) lookupQualified(scopedName) else lookupUnqualified(scopedName[0])
-    fun lookupOrElse(name: String, default: () -> StNode) =
-        lookupUnqualified(name) ?: default()
-    fun lookupOrElse(scopedName: List<String>, default: () -> StNode) =
-        lookup(scopedName) ?: default()
-
-    private fun lookupQualified(scopedName: List<String>): StNode? {
-        // a scoped name refers to a name in another namespace, and always stars from the root.
-        var node = this
-        while(node.type!= StNodeType.GLOBAL)
-            node = node.parent
-
-        for(name in scopedName) {
-            if(name in node.children)
-                node = node.children.getValue(name)
-            else
-                return null
-        }
-        return node
-    }
-
-    private fun lookupUnqualified(name: String): StNode? {
-        // first consider the builtin functions
-        var globalscope = this
-        while(globalscope.type!= StNodeType.GLOBAL)
-            globalscope = globalscope.parent
-        val globalNode = globalscope.children[name]
-        if(globalNode!=null && globalNode.type== StNodeType.BUILTINFUNC)
-            return globalNode
-
-        // search for the unqualified name in the current scope or its parent scopes
-        var scope=this
-        while(true) {
-            val node = scope.children[name]
-            if(node!=null)
-                return node
-            if(scope.type== StNodeType.GLOBAL)
-                return null
-            else
-                scope = scope.parent
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun printIndented(indent: Int) {
-        print("    ".repeat(indent))
-        when(type) {
-            StNodeType.GLOBAL -> print("SYMBOL-TABLE:")
-            StNodeType.BLOCK -> print("(B) ")
-            StNodeType.SUBROUTINE -> print("(S) ")
-            StNodeType.LABEL -> print("(L) ")
-            StNodeType.STATICVAR -> print("(V) ")
-            StNodeType.MEMVAR -> print("(M) ")
-            StNodeType.CONSTANT -> print("(C) ")
-            StNodeType.BUILTINFUNC -> print("(F) ")
-            StNodeType.ROMSUB -> print("(R) ")
-        }
-        printProperties()
-        println()
-        children.forEach { (_, node) -> node.printIndented(indent+1) }
-    }
-
-    open fun printProperties() {
-        print("$name  ")
-    }
-
-    fun add(child: StNode) {
-        children[child.name] = child
-        child.parent = this
-    }
-}
-
-class StStaticVariable(name: String,
-                       val dt: DataType,
-                       val initialNumericValue: Double?,
-                       val initialStringValue: StString?,
-                       val initialArrayValue: StArray?,
-                       val length: Int?,             // for arrays: the number of elements, for strings: number of characters *including* the terminating 0-byte
-                       val zpwish: ZeropageWish,
-                       position: Position) : StNode(name, StNodeType.STATICVAR, position) {
-
-    init {
-        if(length!=null) {
-            require(initialNumericValue == null)
-            if(initialArrayValue!=null)
-                require(length == initialArrayValue.size)
-        }
-        if(initialNumericValue!=null)
-            require(dt in NumericDatatypes)
-        if(initialArrayValue!=null)
-            require(dt in ArrayDatatypes)
-        if(initialStringValue!=null) {
-            require(dt == DataType.STR)
-            require(length == initialStringValue.first.length+1)
-        }
-    }
-
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$name  dt=$dt  zpw=$zpwish")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class StConstant(name: String, val dt: DataType, val value: Double, position: Position) :
-    StNode(name, StNodeType.CONSTANT, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$name  dt=$dt value=$value")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class StMemVar(name: String,
-               val dt: DataType,
-               val address: UInt,
-               val length: Int?,             // for arrays: the number of elements, for strings: number of characters *including* the terminating 0-byte
-               position: Position) :
-    StNode(name, StNodeType.MEMVAR, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$name  dt=$dt address=${address.toHex()}")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class StSub(name: String, val parameters: List<StSubroutineParameter>, val returnType: DataType?, position: Position) :
-        StNode(name, StNodeType.SUBROUTINE, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print(name)
-    }
-}
-
-
-class StRomSub(name: String, val address: UInt, val parameters: List<StSubroutineParameter>, val returnTypes: List<DataType>, position: Position) :
-    StNode(name, StNodeType.ROMSUB, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$name  address=${address.toHex()}")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class StSubroutineParameter(val name: String, val type: DataType)
-class StArrayElement(val number: Double?, val addressOf: List<String>?)
-
-typealias StString = Pair<String, Encoding>
-typealias StArray = List<StArrayElement>

codeAst/src/prog8/code/ast/AstStatements.kt

@@ -1,220 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.ast
-
-import prog8.code.core.*
-
-
-class PtAsmSub(
-    name: String,
-    val address: UInt?,
-    val clobbers: Set<CpuRegister>,
-    val parameters: List<Pair<PtSubroutineParameter, RegisterOrStatusflag>>,
-    val returnTypes: List<DataType>,
-    val retvalRegisters: List<RegisterOrStatusflag>,
-    val inline: Boolean,
-    position: Position
-) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$name  inline=$inline")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtSub(
-    name: String,
-    val parameters: List<PtSubroutineParameter>,
-    val returntype: DataType?,
-    val inline: Boolean,
-    position: Position
-) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print(name)
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtSubroutineParameter(val name: String, val type: DataType, position: Position): PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$type $name")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtAssignment(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    val target: PtAssignTarget
-        get() = children[0] as PtAssignTarget
-    val value: PtExpression
-        get() = children[1] as PtExpression
-
-    override fun printProperties() { }
-
-    val isInplaceAssign: Boolean by lazy {
-        val target = target.children.single() as PtExpression
-        when(val source = value) {
-            is PtArrayIndexer -> {
-                if(target is PtArrayIndexer && source.type==target.type) {
-                    if(target.variable isSameAs source.variable) {
-                        target.index isSameAs source.index
-                    }
-                }
-                false
-            }
-            is PtIdentifier -> target is PtIdentifier && target.type==source.type && target.targetName==source.targetName
-            is PtMachineRegister -> target is PtMachineRegister && target.register==source.register
-            is PtMemoryByte -> target is PtMemoryByte && target.address isSameAs source.address
-            is PtNumber -> target is PtNumber && target.type == source.type && target.number==source.number
-            is PtAddressOf -> target is PtAddressOf && target.identifier isSameAs source.identifier
-            is PtPrefix -> {
-                (target is PtPrefix && target.operator==source.operator && target.value isSameAs source.value)
-                        ||
-                (target is PtIdentifier && (source.value as? PtIdentifier)?.targetName==target.targetName)
-            }
-            is PtTypeCast -> target is PtTypeCast && target.type==source.type && target.value isSameAs source.value
-            is PtBinaryExpression ->
-                target isSameAs source.left
-            else -> false
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-class PtAssignTarget(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    val identifier: PtIdentifier?
-        get() = children.single() as? PtIdentifier
-    val array: PtArrayIndexer?
-        get() = children.single() as? PtArrayIndexer
-    val memory: PtMemoryByte?
-        get() = children.single() as? PtMemoryByte
-
-    val type: DataType
-        get() {
-            return when(val tgt = children.single()) {
-                is PtIdentifier -> tgt.type
-                is PtArrayIndexer -> tgt.type
-                is PtMemoryByte -> tgt.type
-                else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target $tgt")
-            }
-        }
-
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
-
-
-class PtConditionalBranch(val condition: BranchCondition, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    val trueScope: PtNodeGroup
-        get() = children[0] as PtNodeGroup
-    val falseScope: PtNodeGroup
-        get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
-
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print(condition)
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtForLoop(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    val variable: PtIdentifier
-        get() = children[0] as PtIdentifier
-    val iterable: PtExpression
-        get() = children[1] as PtExpression
-    val statements: PtNodeGroup
-        get() = children[2] as PtNodeGroup
-
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
-
-
-class PtIfElse(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    val condition: PtBinaryExpression
-        get() = children[0] as PtBinaryExpression
-    val ifScope: PtNodeGroup
-        get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
-    val elseScope: PtNodeGroup
-        get() = children[2] as PtNodeGroup
-
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
-
-
-class PtJump(val identifier: PtIdentifier?,
-             val address: UInt?,
-             val generatedLabel: String?,
-             position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        identifier?.printProperties()
-        if(address!=null) print(address.toHex())
-        if(generatedLabel!=null) print(generatedLabel)
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtPostIncrDecr(val operator: String, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    val target: PtAssignTarget
-        get() = children.single() as PtAssignTarget
-
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print(operator)
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtRepeatLoop(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    val count: PtExpression
-        get() = children[0] as PtExpression
-    val statements: PtNodeGroup
-        get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
-
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
-
-
-class PtReturn(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    val hasValue = children.any()
-    val value: PtExpression?
-        get() {
-            return if(children.any())
-                children.single() as PtExpression
-            else
-                null
-        }
-
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
-
-
-class PtVariable(name: String, val type: DataType, var value: PtExpression?, var arraySize: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$type  $name")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtConstant(name: String, val type: DataType, val value: Double, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$type $name = $value")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtMemMapped(name: String, val type: DataType, val address: UInt, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("&$type $name = ${address.toHex()}")
-    }
-}
-
-
-class PtWhen(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    val value: PtExpression
-        get() = children[0] as PtExpression
-    val choices: PtNodeGroup
-        get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
-
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
-
-
-class PtWhenChoice(val isElse: Boolean, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    val values: PtNodeGroup
-        get() = children[0] as PtNodeGroup
-    val statements: PtNodeGroup
-        get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/Either.kt

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-package prog8
+package prog8.code
 
 /**
  * By convention, the right side of an `Either` is used to hold successful values.
- *
  */
 sealed class Either<out L, out R> {
 

codeCore/src/prog8/code/SymbolTable.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+package prog8.code
+
+import prog8.code.ast.PtNode
+import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
+import prog8.code.core.*
+
+
+/**
+ * Tree structure containing all symbol definitions in the program
+ * (blocks, subroutines, variables (all types), memoryslabs, and labels).
+ */
+class SymbolTable(astProgram: PtProgram) : StNode(astProgram.name, StNodeType.GLOBAL, astProgram) {
+    /**
+     * The table as a flat mapping of scoped names to the StNode.
+     * This gives the fastest lookup possible (no need to traverse tree nodes)
+     */
+
+    private var cachedFlat: Map<String, StNode>? = null
+
+    val flat: Map<String, StNode> get()  {
+        if(cachedFlat!=null)
+            return cachedFlat!!
+
+        val result = mutableMapOf<String, StNode>()
+        fun collect(node: StNode) {
+            for(child in node.children) {
+                result[child.value.scopedName] = child.value
+                collect(child.value)
+            }
+        }
+        collect(this)
+        cachedFlat = result
+        return result
+    }
+
+    fun resetCachedFlat() {
+        cachedFlat = null
+    }
+
+    val allVariables: Collection<StStaticVariable> by lazy {
+        val vars = mutableListOf<StStaticVariable>()
+        fun collect(node: StNode) {
+            for(child in node.children) {
+                if(child.value.type== StNodeType.STATICVAR)
+                    vars.add(child.value as StStaticVariable)
+                else
+                    collect(child.value)
+            }
+        }
+        collect(this)
+        vars
+    }
+
+    val allMemMappedVariables: Collection<StMemVar> by lazy {
+        val vars = mutableListOf<StMemVar>()
+        fun collect(node: StNode) {
+            for(child in node.children) {
+                if(child.value.type== StNodeType.MEMVAR)
+                    vars.add(child.value as StMemVar)
+                else
+                    collect(child.value)
+            }
+        }
+        collect(this)
+        vars
+    }
+
+    val allMemorySlabs: Collection<StMemorySlab> by lazy {
+        val vars = mutableListOf<StMemorySlab>()
+        fun collect(node: StNode) {
+            for(child in node.children) {
+                if(child.value.type== StNodeType.MEMORYSLAB)
+                    vars.add(child.value as StMemorySlab)
+                else
+                    collect(child.value)
+            }
+        }
+        collect(this)
+        vars
+    }
+
+    override fun lookup(scopedName: String) = flat[scopedName]
+}
+
+
+enum class StNodeType {
+    GLOBAL,
+    // MODULE,     // not used with current scoping rules
+    BLOCK,
+    SUBROUTINE,
+    ROMSUB,
+    LABEL,
+    STATICVAR,
+    MEMVAR,
+    CONSTANT,
+    BUILTINFUNC,
+    MEMORYSLAB
+}
+
+
+open class StNode(val name: String,
+                  val type: StNodeType,
+                  val astNode: PtNode,
+                  val children: MutableMap<String, StNode> = mutableMapOf()
+) {
+
+    lateinit var parent: StNode
+
+    val scopedName: String by lazy { scopedNameList.joinToString(".") }
+
+    open fun lookup(scopedName: String) =
+        lookup(scopedName.split('.'))
+
+    fun lookupUnscopedOrElse(name: String, default: () -> StNode) =
+        lookupUnscoped(name) ?: default()
+
+    fun lookupOrElse(scopedName: String, default: () -> StNode): StNode =
+        lookup(scopedName.split('.')) ?: default()
+
+    fun lookupUnscoped(name: String): StNode? {
+        // first consider the builtin functions
+        var globalscope = this
+        while(globalscope.type!= StNodeType.GLOBAL)
+            globalscope = globalscope.parent
+        val globalNode = globalscope.children[name]
+        if(globalNode!=null && globalNode.type== StNodeType.BUILTINFUNC)
+            return globalNode
+
+        // search for the unqualified name in the current scope or its parent scopes
+        var scope=this
+        while(true) {
+            val node = scope.children[name]
+            if(node!=null)
+                return node
+            if(scope.type== StNodeType.GLOBAL)
+                return null
+            else
+                scope = scope.parent
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun add(child: StNode) {
+        children[child.name] = child
+        child.parent = this
+    }
+
+    private val scopedNameList: List<String> by lazy {
+        if(type==StNodeType.GLOBAL)
+            emptyList()
+        else
+            parent.scopedNameList + name
+    }
+
+    private fun lookup(scopedName: List<String>): StNode? {
+        // a scoped name refers to a name in another namespace, and always stars from the root.
+        var node = this
+        while(node.type!=StNodeType.GLOBAL)
+            node = node.parent
+
+        for(name in scopedName) {
+            if(name in node.children)
+                node = node.children.getValue(name)
+            else
+                return null
+        }
+        return node
+    }
+}
+
+class StStaticVariable(name: String,
+                       val dt: DataType,
+                       val onetimeInitializationNumericValue: Double?,      // regular (every-run-time) initialization is done via regular assignments
+                       val onetimeInitializationStringValue: StString?,
+                       val onetimeInitializationArrayValue: StArray?,
+                       val length: Int?,            // for arrays: the number of elements, for strings: number of characters *including* the terminating 0-byte
+                       val zpwish: ZeropageWish,    // used in the variable allocator
+                       astNode: PtNode) : StNode(name, StNodeType.STATICVAR, astNode) {
+
+    val uninitialized = onetimeInitializationArrayValue==null && onetimeInitializationStringValue==null && onetimeInitializationNumericValue==null
+
+    init {
+        if(length!=null) {
+            require(onetimeInitializationNumericValue == null)
+            if(onetimeInitializationArrayValue!=null)
+                require(onetimeInitializationArrayValue.isEmpty() ||onetimeInitializationArrayValue.size==length)
+        }
+        if(onetimeInitializationNumericValue!=null) {
+            require(dt in NumericDatatypes)
+            require(onetimeInitializationNumericValue!=0.0) { "zero as init value should just remain uninitialized"}
+        }
+        if(onetimeInitializationArrayValue!=null) {
+            require(dt in ArrayDatatypes)
+            if(onetimeInitializationArrayValue.all { it.number!=null} ) {
+                require(onetimeInitializationArrayValue.any { it.number != 0.0 }) { "array of all zerors as init value should just remain uninitialized" }
+            }
+        }
+        if(onetimeInitializationStringValue!=null) {
+            require(dt == DataType.STR)
+            require(length == onetimeInitializationStringValue.first.length+1)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+class StConstant(name: String, val dt: DataType, val value: Double, astNode: PtNode) :
+    StNode(name, StNodeType.CONSTANT, astNode) {
+}
+
+
+class StMemVar(name: String,
+               val dt: DataType,
+               val address: UInt,
+               val length: Int?,             // for arrays: the number of elements, for strings: number of characters *including* the terminating 0-byte
+               astNode: PtNode) :
+    StNode(name, StNodeType.MEMVAR, astNode) {
+
+    init{
+        if(dt in ArrayDatatypes || dt == DataType.STR)
+            require(length!=null) { "memory mapped array or string must have known length" }
+    }
+}
+
+class StMemorySlab(
+    name: String,
+    val size: UInt,
+    val align: UInt,
+    astNode: PtNode
+):
+    StNode(name, StNodeType.MEMORYSLAB, astNode) {
+}
+
+class StSub(name: String, val parameters: List<StSubroutineParameter>, val returnType: DataType?, astNode: PtNode) :
+        StNode(name, StNodeType.SUBROUTINE, astNode) {
+}
+
+
+class StRomSub(name: String,
+               val address: UInt,
+               val parameters: List<StRomSubParameter>,
+               val returns: List<StRomSubParameter>,
+               astNode: PtNode) :
+    StNode(name, StNodeType.ROMSUB, astNode)
+
+
+
+class StSubroutineParameter(val name: String, val type: DataType)
+class StRomSubParameter(val register: RegisterOrStatusflag, val type: DataType)
+class StArrayElement(val number: Double?, val addressOfSymbol: String?)
+
+typealias StString = Pair<String, Encoding>
+typealias StArray = List<StArrayElement>

codeCore/src/prog8/code/SymbolTableMaker.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+package prog8.code
+
+import prog8.code.ast.*
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.VMTarget
+import java.util.*
+
+class SymbolTableMaker(private val program: PtProgram, private val options: CompilationOptions) {
+    fun make(): SymbolTable {
+        val st = SymbolTable(program)
+
+        BuiltinFunctions.forEach {
+            st.add(StNode(it.key, StNodeType.BUILTINFUNC, PtIdentifier(it.key, it.value.returnType ?: DataType.UNDEFINED, Position.DUMMY)))
+        }
+
+        val scopestack = Stack<StNode>()
+        scopestack.push(st)
+        program.children.forEach {
+            addToSt(it, scopestack)
+        }
+        require(scopestack.size==1)
+
+        if(options.compTarget.name != VMTarget.NAME) {
+            listOf(
+                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, options.compTarget.machine.zeropage.SCRATCH_B1, null, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG", DataType.UBYTE, options.compTarget.machine.zeropage.SCRATCH_REG, null, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UWORD, options.compTarget.machine.zeropage.SCRATCH_W1, null, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD, options.compTarget.machine.zeropage.SCRATCH_W2, null, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ESTACK_LO", DataType.ARRAY_UB, options.compTarget.machine.ESTACK_LO, 128u, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ESTACK_HI", DataType.ARRAY_UB, options.compTarget.machine.ESTACK_HI, 128u, Position.DUMMY)
+            ).forEach {
+                it.parent = program
+                st.add(StMemVar(it.name, it.type, it.address, it.arraySize?.toInt(), it))
+            }
+        }
+
+        return st
+    }
+
+    private fun addToSt(node: PtNode, scope: Stack<StNode>) {
+        val stNode = when(node) {
+            is PtAsmSub -> {
+                if(node.address==null) {
+                    val params = node.parameters.map { StSubroutineParameter(it.second.name, it.second.type) }
+                    StSub(node.name, params, node.returns.singleOrNull()?.second, node)
+                } else {
+                    val parameters = node.parameters.map { StRomSubParameter(it.first, it.second.type) }
+                    val returns = node.returns.map { StRomSubParameter(it.first, it.second) }
+                    StRomSub(node.name, node.address, parameters, returns, node)
+                }
+            }
+            is PtBlock -> {
+                StNode(node.name, StNodeType.BLOCK, node)
+            }
+            is PtConstant -> {
+                StConstant(node.name, node.type, node.value, node)
+            }
+            is PtLabel -> {
+                StNode(node.name, StNodeType.LABEL, node)
+            }
+            is PtMemMapped -> {
+                StMemVar(node.name, node.type, node.address, node.arraySize?.toInt(), node)
+            }
+            is PtSub -> {
+                val params = node.parameters.map {StSubroutineParameter(it.name, it.type) }
+                StSub(node.name, params, node.returntype, node)
+            }
+            is PtVariable -> {
+                val initialNumeric: Double?
+                val initialString: StString?
+                val initialArray: StArray?
+                val numElements: Int?
+                val value = node.value
+                if(value!=null) {
+                    val number = (value as? PtNumber)?.number
+                    initialNumeric = if(number==0.0) null else number       // 0 as init value -> just uninitialized
+                    when (value) {
+                        is PtString -> {
+                            initialString = StString(value.value, value.encoding)
+                            initialArray = null
+                            numElements = value.value.length + 1   // include the terminating 0-byte
+                        }
+                        is PtArray -> {
+                            val array = makeInitialArray(value)
+                            initialArray = if(array.all { it.number==0.0 }) null else array            // all 0 as init value -> just uninitialized
+                            initialString = null
+                            numElements = array.size
+                            require(node.arraySize?.toInt()==numElements)
+                        }
+                        else -> {
+                            initialString = null
+                            initialArray = null
+                            numElements = node.arraySize?.toInt()
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    initialNumeric = null
+                    initialArray = null
+                    initialString = null
+                    numElements = node.arraySize?.toInt()
+                }
+                StStaticVariable(node.name, node.type, initialNumeric, initialString, initialArray, numElements, node.zeropage, node)
+            }
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> {
+                if(node.name=="memory") {
+                    // memory slab allocations are a builtin functioncall in the program, but end up named as well in the symboltable
+                    require(node.name.all { it.isLetterOrDigit() || it=='_' }) {"memory name should be a valid symbol name"}
+                    val slabname = (node.args[0] as PtString).value
+                    val size = (node.args[1] as PtNumber).number.toUInt()
+                    val align = (node.args[2] as PtNumber).number.toUInt()
+                    // don't add memory slabs in nested scope, just put them in the top level of the ST
+                    scope.firstElement().add(StMemorySlab("prog8_memoryslab_$slabname", size, align, node))
+                }
+                null
+            }
+            else -> null // node is not present in the ST
+        }
+
+        if(stNode!=null) {
+            scope.peek().add(stNode)
+            scope.push(stNode)
+        }
+        node.children.forEach {
+            addToSt(it, scope)
+        }
+        if(stNode!=null)
+            scope.pop()
+    }
+
+    private fun makeInitialArray(value: PtArray): List<StArrayElement> {
+        return value.children.map {
+            when(it) {
+                is PtAddressOf -> StArrayElement(null, it.identifier.name)
+                is PtIdentifier -> StArrayElement(null, it.name)
+                is PtNumber -> StArrayElement(it.number, null)
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid array element $it")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+//    override fun visit(decl: VarDecl) {
+//        val node =
+//            when(decl.type) {
+//                VarDeclType.VAR -> {
+//                    var initialNumeric = (decl.value as? NumericLiteral)?.number
+//                    if(initialNumeric==0.0)
+//                        initialNumeric=null     // variable will go into BSS and this will be set to 0
+//                    val initialStringLit = decl.value as? StringLiteral
+//                    val initialString = if(initialStringLit==null) null else Pair(initialStringLit.value, initialStringLit.encoding)
+//                    val initialArrayLit = decl.value as? ArrayLiteral
+//                    val initialArray = makeInitialArray(initialArrayLit)
+//                    if(decl.isArray && decl.datatype !in ArrayDatatypes)
+//                        throw FatalAstException("array vardecl has mismatched dt ${decl.datatype}")
+//                    val numElements =
+//                        if(decl.isArray)
+//                            decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()
+//                        else if(initialStringLit!=null)
+//                            initialStringLit.value.length+1  // include the terminating 0-byte
+//                        else
+//                            null
+//                    val bss = if(decl.datatype==DataType.STR)
+//                        false
+//                    else if(decl.isArray)
+//                        initialArray.isNullOrEmpty()
+//                    else
+//                        initialNumeric == null
+//                    val astNode = PtVariable(decl.name, decl.datatype, null, null, decl.position)
+//                    StStaticVariable(decl.name, decl.datatype, bss, initialNumeric, initialString, initialArray, numElements, decl.zeropage, astNode, decl.position)
+//                }
+//                VarDeclType.CONST -> {
+//                    val astNode = PtVariable(decl.name, decl.datatype, null, null, decl.position)
+//                    StConstant(decl.name, decl.datatype, (decl.value as NumericLiteral).number, astNode, decl.position)
+//                }
+//                VarDeclType.MEMORY -> {
+//                    val numElements =
+//                        if(decl.datatype in ArrayDatatypes)
+//                            decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()
+//                        else null
+//                    val astNode = PtVariable(decl.name, decl.datatype, null, null, decl.position)
+//                    StMemVar(decl.name, decl.datatype, (decl.value as NumericLiteral).number.toUInt(), numElements, astNode, decl.position)
+//                }
+//            }
+//        scopestack.peek().add(node)
+//        // st.origAstLinks[decl] = node
+//    }
+//
+//    private fun makeInitialArray(arrayLit: ArrayLiteral?): StArray? {
+//        if(arrayLit==null)
+//            return null
+//        return arrayLit.value.map {
+//            when(it){
+//                is AddressOf -> {
+//                    val scopedName = it.identifier.targetNameAndType(program).first
+//                    StArrayElement(null, scopedName)
+//                }
+//                is IdentifierReference -> {
+//                    val scopedName = it.targetNameAndType(program).first
+//                    StArrayElement(null, scopedName)
+//                }
+//                is NumericLiteral -> StArrayElement(it.number, null)
+//                else -> throw FatalAstException("weird element dt in array literal")
+//            }
+//        }.toList()
+//    }
+//

codeCore/src/prog8/code/ast/AstBase.kt

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 package prog8.code.ast
 
-import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.core.IMemSizer
+import prog8.code.core.IStringEncoding
+import prog8.code.core.Position
+import prog8.code.core.SourceCode
 import java.nio.file.Path
 
-// New (work-in-progress) simplified AST for the code generator.
+// New simplified AST for the code generator.
 
 
 sealed class PtNode(val position: Position) {
@@ -11,16 +14,6 @@ sealed class PtNode(val position: Position) {
     val children = mutableListOf<PtNode>()
     lateinit var parent: PtNode
 
-    fun printIndented(indent: Int) {
-        print("    ".repeat(indent))
-        print("${this.javaClass.simpleName}  ")
-        printProperties()
-        println()
-        children.forEach { it.printIndented(indent+1) }
-    }
-
-    abstract fun printProperties()
-
     fun add(child: PtNode) {
         children.add(child)
         child.parent = this
@@ -34,23 +27,24 @@ sealed class PtNode(val position: Position) {
     fun definingBlock() = findParentNode<PtBlock>(this)
     fun definingSub() = findParentNode<PtSub>(this)
     fun definingAsmSub() = findParentNode<PtAsmSub>(this)
+    fun definingISub() = findParentNode<IPtSubroutine>(this)
 }
 
 
-class PtNodeGroup : PtNode(Position.DUMMY) {
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
+class PtNodeGroup : PtNode(Position.DUMMY)
 
 
-abstract class PtNamedNode(val name: String, position: Position): PtNode(position) {
-    val scopedName: List<String> by lazy {
+sealed class PtNamedNode(var name: String, position: Position): PtNode(position) {
+    // Note that as an exception, the 'name' is not read-only
+    // but a var. This is to allow for cheap node renames.
+    val scopedName: String by lazy {
         var namedParent: PtNode = this.parent
         if(namedParent is PtProgram)
-            listOf(name)
+            name
         else {
             while (namedParent !is PtNamedNode)
                 namedParent = namedParent.parent
-            namedParent.scopedName + name
+            namedParent.scopedName + "." + name
         }
     }
 }
@@ -61,10 +55,6 @@ class PtProgram(
     val memsizer: IMemSizer,
     val encoding: IStringEncoding
 ) : PtNode(Position.DUMMY) {
-    fun print() = printIndented(0)
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("'$name'")
-    }
 
 //    fun allModuleDirectives(): Sequence<PtDirective> =
 //        children.asSequence().flatMap { it.children }.filterIsInstance<PtDirective>().distinct()
@@ -82,12 +72,9 @@ class PtBlock(name: String,
               val library: Boolean,
               val forceOutput: Boolean,
               val alignment: BlockAlignment,
+              val source: SourceCode,       // taken from the module the block is defined in.
               position: Position
 ) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$name  addr=$address  library=$library  forceOutput=$forceOutput  alignment=$alignment")
-    }
-
     enum class BlockAlignment {
         NONE,
         WORD,
@@ -96,39 +83,24 @@ class PtBlock(name: String,
 }
 
 
-class PtInlineAssembly(val assembly: String, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
-
-
-class PtLabel(name: String, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print(name)
+class PtInlineAssembly(val assembly: String, val isIR: Boolean, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    init {
+        require(!assembly.startsWith('\n') && !assembly.startsWith('\r')) { "inline assembly should be trimmed" }
+        require(!assembly.endsWith('\n') && !assembly.endsWith('\r')) { "inline assembly should be trimmed" }
     }
 }
 
 
-class PtBreakpoint(position: Position): PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
+class PtLabel(name: String, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position)
 
 
-class PtIncludeBinary(val file: Path, val offset: UInt?, val length: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("filename=$file  offset=$offset  length=$length")
-    }
-}
+class PtBreakpoint(position: Position): PtNode(position)
 
 
-class PtNop(position: Position): PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
+class PtIncludeBinary(val file: Path, val offset: UInt?, val length: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNode(position)
 
 
-class PtScopeVarsDecls(position: Position): PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
-
+class PtNop(position: Position): PtNode(position)
 
 
 // find the parent node of a specific type or interface

codeCore/src/prog8/code/ast/AstExpressions.kt

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 package prog8.code.ast
 
-import prog8.code.core.DataType
-import prog8.code.core.Encoding
-import prog8.code.core.Position
+import prog8.code.core.*
 import java.util.*
+import kotlin.math.abs
 import kotlin.math.round
 
 
@@ -23,17 +22,13 @@ sealed class PtExpression(val type: DataType, position: Position) : PtNode(posit
         }
     }
 
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print(type)
-    }
-
     infix fun isSameAs(other: PtExpression): Boolean {
         return when(this) {
             is PtAddressOf -> other is PtAddressOf && other.type==type && other.identifier isSameAs identifier
             is PtArrayIndexer -> other is PtArrayIndexer && other.type==type && other.variable isSameAs variable && other.index isSameAs index
             is PtBinaryExpression -> other is PtBinaryExpression && other.left isSameAs left && other.right isSameAs right
             is PtContainmentCheck -> other is PtContainmentCheck && other.type==type && other.element isSameAs element && other.iterable isSameAs iterable
-            is PtIdentifier -> other is PtIdentifier && other.type==type && other.targetName==targetName
+            is PtIdentifier -> other is PtIdentifier && other.type==type && other.name==name
             is PtMachineRegister -> other is PtMachineRegister && other.type==type && other.register==register
             is PtMemoryByte -> other is PtMemoryByte && other.address isSameAs address
             is PtNumber -> other is PtNumber && other.type==type && other.number==number
@@ -43,6 +38,69 @@ sealed class PtExpression(val type: DataType, position: Position) : PtNode(posit
             else -> false
         }
     }
+
+    infix fun isSameAs(target: PtAssignTarget): Boolean {
+        return when {
+            target.memory != null && this is PtMemoryByte-> {
+                target.memory!!.address isSameAs this.address
+            }
+            target.identifier != null && this is PtIdentifier -> {
+                this.name == target.identifier!!.name
+            }
+            target.array != null && this is PtArrayIndexer -> {
+                this.variable.name == target.array!!.variable.name && this.index isSameAs target.array!!.index
+            }
+            else -> false
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun asConstInteger(): Int? = (this as? PtNumber)?.number?.toInt()
+
+    fun isSimple(): Boolean {
+        return when(this) {
+            is PtAddressOf -> true
+            is PtArray -> true
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> index is PtNumber || index is PtIdentifier
+            is PtBinaryExpression -> false
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> name in arrayOf("msb", "lsb", "peek", "peekw", "mkword", "set_carry", "set_irqd", "clear_carry", "clear_irqd")
+            is PtContainmentCheck -> false
+            is PtFunctionCall -> false
+            is PtIdentifier -> true
+            is PtMachineRegister -> true
+            is PtMemoryByte -> address is PtNumber || address is PtIdentifier
+            is PtNumber -> true
+            is PtPrefix -> value.isSimple()
+            is PtRange -> true
+            is PtString -> true
+            is PtTypeCast -> value.isSimple()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+    fun clone(): PtExpression {
+        fun withClonedChildrenFrom(orig: PtExpression, clone: PtExpression): PtExpression {
+            orig.children.forEach { clone.add((it as PtExpression).clone()) }
+            return clone
+        }
+        when(this) {
+            is PtAddressOf -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtAddressOf(position))
+            is PtArray -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtArray(type, position))
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtArrayIndexer(type, position))
+            is PtBinaryExpression -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtBinaryExpression(operator, type, position))
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtBuiltinFunctionCall(name, void, hasNoSideEffects, type, position))
+            is PtContainmentCheck -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtContainmentCheck(position))
+            is PtFunctionCall -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtFunctionCall(name, void, type, position))
+            is PtIdentifier -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtIdentifier(name, type, position))
+            is PtMachineRegister -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtMachineRegister(register, type, position))
+            is PtMemoryByte -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtMemoryByte(position))
+            is PtNumber -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtNumber(type, number, position))
+            is PtPrefix -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtPrefix(operator, type, position))
+            is PtRange -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtRange(type, position))
+            is PtString -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtString(value, encoding, position))
+            is PtTypeCast -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtTypeCast(type, position))
+        }
+    }
+    */
 }
 
 class PtAddressOf(position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.UWORD, position) {
@@ -51,11 +109,15 @@ class PtAddressOf(position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.UWORD, position) {
 }
 
 
-class PtArrayIndexer(type: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(type, position) {
+class PtArrayIndexer(elementType: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(elementType, position) {
     val variable: PtIdentifier
         get() = children[0] as PtIdentifier
     val index: PtExpression
         get() = children[1] as PtExpression
+
+    init {
+        require(elementType in NumericDatatypes)
+    }
 }
 
 
@@ -66,6 +128,9 @@ class PtArray(type: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(type, position)
             return false
         return type==other.type && children == other.children
     }
+
+    val size: Int
+        get() = children.size
 }
 
 
@@ -81,9 +146,6 @@ class PtBuiltinFunctionCall(val name: String,
 
     val args: List<PtExpression>
         get() = children.map { it as PtExpression }
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$name void=$void noSideFx=$hasNoSideEffects")
-    }
 }
 
 
@@ -93,10 +155,6 @@ class PtBinaryExpression(val operator: String, type: DataType, position: Positio
         get() = children[0] as PtExpression
     val right: PtExpression
         get() = children[1] as PtExpression
-
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$operator -> $type")
-    }
 }
 
 
@@ -108,7 +166,7 @@ class PtContainmentCheck(position: Position): PtExpression(DataType.UBYTE, posit
 }
 
 
-class PtFunctionCall(val functionName: List<String>,
+class PtFunctionCall(val name: String,
                      val void: Boolean,
                      type: DataType,
                      position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
@@ -119,28 +177,31 @@ class PtFunctionCall(val functionName: List<String>,
 
     val args: List<PtExpression>
         get() = children.map { it as PtExpression }
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("${functionName.joinToString(".")} void=$void")
-    }
 }
 
 
-class PtIdentifier(val ref: List<String>, val targetName: List<String>, type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$ref --> $targetName  $type")
+class PtIdentifier(val name: String, type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
+    override fun toString(): String {
+        return "[PtIdentifier:$name $type $position]"
     }
+
+    fun copy() = PtIdentifier(name, type, position)
 }
 
 
 class PtMemoryByte(position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.UBYTE, position) {
     val address: PtExpression
         get() = children.single() as PtExpression
-    override fun printProperties() {}
 }
 
 
 class PtNumber(type: DataType, val number: Double, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
 
+    companion object {
+        fun fromBoolean(bool: Boolean, position: Position): PtNumber =
+            PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, if(bool) 1.0 else 0.0, position)
+    }
+
     init {
         if(type==DataType.BOOL)
             throw IllegalArgumentException("bool should have become ubyte @$position")
@@ -151,10 +212,6 @@ class PtNumber(type: DataType, val number: Double, position: Position) : PtExpre
         }
     }
 
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$number ($type)")
-    }
-
     override fun hashCode(): Int = Objects.hash(type, number)
 
     override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
@@ -164,6 +221,8 @@ class PtNumber(type: DataType, val number: Double, position: Position) : PtExpre
     }
 
     operator fun compareTo(other: PtNumber): Int = number.compareTo(other.number)
+
+    override fun toString() = "PtNumber:$type:$number"
 }
 
 
@@ -173,12 +232,7 @@ class PtPrefix(val operator: String, type: DataType, position: Position): PtExpr
 
     init {
         // note: the "not" operator may no longer occur in the ast; not x should have been replaced with x==0
-        if(operator !in setOf("+", "-", "~"))
-            throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid prefix operator: $operator")
-    }
-
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print(operator)
+        require(operator in setOf("+", "-", "~")) { "invalid prefix operator: $operator" }
     }
 }
 
@@ -191,15 +245,36 @@ class PtRange(type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position)
     val step: PtNumber
         get() = children[2] as PtNumber
 
-    override fun printProperties() {}
+    fun toConstantIntegerRange(): IntProgression? {
+        fun makeRange(fromVal: Int, toVal: Int, stepVal: Int): IntProgression {
+            return when {
+                fromVal <= toVal -> when {
+                    stepVal <= 0 -> IntRange.EMPTY
+                    stepVal == 1 -> fromVal..toVal
+                    else -> fromVal..toVal step stepVal
+                }
+                else -> when {
+                    stepVal >= 0 -> IntRange.EMPTY
+                    stepVal == -1 -> fromVal downTo toVal
+                    else -> fromVal downTo toVal step abs(stepVal)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        val fromLv = from as? PtNumber
+        val toLv = to as? PtNumber
+        val stepLv = step as? PtNumber
+        if(fromLv==null || toLv==null || stepLv==null)
+            return null
+        val fromVal = fromLv.number.toInt()
+        val toVal = toLv.number.toInt()
+        val stepVal = stepLv.number.toInt()
+        return makeRange(fromVal, toVal, stepVal)
+    }
 }
 
 
 class PtString(val value: String, val encoding: Encoding, position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.STR, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$encoding:\"$value\"")
-    }
-
     override fun hashCode(): Int = Objects.hash(value, encoding)
     override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
         if(other==null || other !is PtString)
@@ -215,12 +290,8 @@ class PtTypeCast(type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, positi
 }
 
 
-// special node that isn't created from compiling user code, but used internally
-class PtMachineRegister(val register: Int, type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("reg=$register  $type")
-    }
-}
+// special node that isn't created from compiling user code, but used internally in the Intermediate Code
+class PtMachineRegister(val register: Int, type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position)
 
 
 fun constValue(expr: PtExpression): Double? = if(expr is PtNumber) expr.number else null

codeCore/src/prog8/code/ast/AstPrinter.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+package prog8.code.ast
+
+import prog8.code.core.*
+
+/**
+ * Produces readable text from a [PtNode] (AST node, usually starting with PtProgram as root),
+ * passing it as a String to the specified receiver function.
+ */
+fun printAst(root: PtNode, skipLibraries: Boolean, output: (text: String) -> Unit) {
+    fun type(dt: DataType) = "!${dt.name.lowercase()}!"
+    fun txt(node: PtNode): String {
+        return when(node) {
+            is PtAssignTarget -> "<target>"
+            is PtAssignment -> "<assign>"
+            is PtAugmentedAssign -> "<inplace-assign> ${node.operator}"
+            is PtBreakpoint -> "%breakpoint"
+            is PtConditionalBranch -> "if_${node.condition.name.lowercase()}"
+            is PtAddressOf -> "&"
+            is PtArray -> "array len=${node.children.size} ${type(node.type)}"
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> "<arrayindexer> ${type(node.type)}"
+            is PtBinaryExpression -> "<expr> ${node.operator} ${type(node.type)}"
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> {
+                val str = if(node.void) "void " else ""
+                str + node.name + "()"
+            }
+            is PtContainmentCheck -> "in"
+            is PtFunctionCall -> {
+                val str = if(node.void) "void " else ""
+                str + node.name + "()"
+            }
+            is PtIdentifier -> "${node.name} ${type(node.type)}"
+            is PtMachineRegister -> "VMREG#${node.register} ${type(node.type)}"
+            is PtMemoryByte -> "@()"
+            is PtNumber -> {
+                val numstr = if(node.type == DataType.FLOAT) node.number.toString() else node.number.toHex()
+                "$numstr ${type(node.type)}"
+            }
+            is PtPrefix -> node.operator
+            is PtRange -> "<range>"
+            is PtString -> "\"${node.value.escape()}\""
+            is PtTypeCast -> "as ${node.type.name.lowercase()}"
+            is PtForLoop -> "for"
+            is PtIfElse -> "ifelse"
+            is PtIncludeBinary -> "%incbin '${node.file}', ${node.offset}, ${node.length}"
+            is PtInlineAssembly -> {
+                if(node.isIR)
+                    "%ir {{ ...${node.assembly.length} characters... }}"
+                else
+                    "%asm {{ ...${node.assembly.length} characters... }}"
+            }
+            is PtJump -> {
+                if(node.identifier!=null)
+                    "goto ${node.identifier.name}"
+                else if(node.address!=null)
+                    "goto ${node.address.toHex()}"
+                else if(node.generatedLabel!=null)
+                    "goto ${node.generatedLabel}"
+                else
+                    "???"
+            }
+            is PtAsmSub -> {
+                val params = if (node.parameters.isEmpty()) "" else "...TODO ${node.parameters.size} PARAMS..."
+                val clobbers = if (node.clobbers.isEmpty()) "" else "clobbers ${node.clobbers}"
+                val returns = if (node.returns.isEmpty()) "" else (if (node.returns.size == 1) "-> ${node.returns[0].second.name.lowercase()}" else "-> ${node.returns.map { it.second.name.lowercase() }}")
+                val str = if (node.inline) "inline " else ""
+                if(node.address==null) {
+                    str + "asmsub ${node.name}($params) $clobbers $returns"
+                } else {
+                    str + "romsub ${node.address.toHex()} = ${node.name}($params) $clobbers $returns"
+                }
+            }
+            is PtBlock -> {
+                val addr = if(node.address==null) "" else "@${node.address.toHex()}"
+                val align = if(node.alignment==PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE) "" else "align=${node.alignment}"
+                "\nblock '${node.name}' $addr $align"
+            }
+            is PtConstant -> {
+                val value = if(node.type in IntegerDatatypes) node.value.toInt().toString() else node.value.toString()
+                "const ${node.type.name.lowercase()} ${node.name} = $value"
+            }
+            is PtLabel -> "${node.name}:"
+            is PtMemMapped -> {
+                if(node.type in ArrayDatatypes) {
+                    val arraysize = if(node.arraySize==null) "" else node.arraySize.toString()
+                    val eltType = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(node.type)
+                    "&${eltType.name.lowercase()}[$arraysize] ${node.name} = ${node.address.toHex()}"
+                } else {
+                    "&${node.type.name.lowercase()} ${node.name} = ${node.address.toHex()}"
+                }
+            }
+            is PtSub -> {
+                val params = if (node.parameters.isEmpty()) "" else "...TODO ${node.parameters.size} PARAMS..."
+                var str = "sub ${node.name}($params) "
+                if(node.returntype!=null)
+                    str += "-> ${node.returntype.name.lowercase()}"
+                str
+            }
+            is PtVariable -> {
+                val str = if(node.arraySize!=null) {
+                    val eltType = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(node.type)
+                    "${eltType.name.lowercase()}[${node.arraySize}] ${node.name}"
+                }
+                else if(node.type in ArrayDatatypes) {
+                    val eltType = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(node.type)
+                    "${eltType.name.lowercase()}[] ${node.name}"
+                }
+                else
+                    "${node.type.name.lowercase()} ${node.name}"
+                if(node.value!=null)
+                    str + " = " + txt(node.value)
+                else
+                    str
+            }
+            is PtNodeGroup -> "<group>"
+            is PtNop -> "nop"
+            is PtPostIncrDecr -> "<post> ${node.operator}"
+            is PtProgram -> "PROGRAM ${node.name}"
+            is PtRepeatLoop -> "repeat"
+            is PtReturn -> "return"
+            is PtSubroutineParameter -> "${node.type.name.lowercase()} ${node.name}"
+            is PtWhen -> "when"
+            is PtWhenChoice -> {
+                if(node.isElse)
+                    "else"
+                else
+                    "->"
+            }
+            else -> throw InternalCompilerException("unrecognised ast node $node")
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(root is PtProgram) {
+        output(txt(root))
+        root.children.forEach {
+            walkAst(it) { node, depth ->
+                val txt = txt(node)
+                val library = if(node is PtBlock) node.library else node.definingBlock()?.library==true
+                if(!library || !skipLibraries) {
+                    if (txt.isNotEmpty())
+                        output("    ".repeat(depth) + txt(node))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        println()
+    } else {
+        walkAst(root) { node, depth ->
+            val txt = txt(node)
+            val library = if(node is PtBlock) node.library else node.definingBlock()?.library==true
+            if(!library || !skipLibraries) {
+                if (txt.isNotEmpty())
+                    output("    ".repeat(depth) + txt(node))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fun walkAst(root: PtNode, act: (node: PtNode, depth: Int) -> Unit) {
+    fun recurse(node: PtNode, depth: Int) {
+        act(node, depth)
+        node.children.forEach { recurse(it, depth+1) }
+    }
+    recurse(root, 0)
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/ast/AstStatements.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+package prog8.code.ast
+
+import prog8.code.core.*
+
+
+sealed interface IPtSubroutine {
+    val name: String
+}
+
+class PtAsmSub(
+    name: String,
+    val address: UInt?,
+    val clobbers: Set<CpuRegister>,
+    val parameters: List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, PtSubroutineParameter>>,
+    val returns: List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, DataType>>,
+    val inline: Boolean,
+    position: Position
+) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtSubroutine
+
+
+class PtSub(
+    name: String,
+    val parameters: List<PtSubroutineParameter>,
+    val returntype: DataType?,
+    position: Position
+) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtSubroutine {
+    init {
+        // params and return value should not be str
+        if(parameters.any{ it.type !in NumericDatatypes })
+            throw AssemblyError("non-numeric parameter")
+        if(returntype!=null && returntype !in NumericDatatypes)
+            throw AssemblyError("non-numeric returntype $returntype")
+        parameters.forEach { it.parent=this }
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PtSubroutineParameter(name: String, val type: DataType, position: Position): PtNamedNode(name, position)
+
+
+sealed interface IPtAssignment {
+    val children: MutableList<PtNode>
+    val target: PtAssignTarget
+        get() = children[0] as PtAssignTarget
+    val value: PtExpression
+        get() = children[1] as PtExpression
+}
+
+class PtAssignment(position: Position) : PtNode(position), IPtAssignment
+
+class PtAugmentedAssign(val operator: String, position: Position) : PtNode(position), IPtAssignment
+
+
+class PtAssignTarget(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    val identifier: PtIdentifier?
+        get() = children.single() as? PtIdentifier
+    val array: PtArrayIndexer?
+        get() = children.single() as? PtArrayIndexer
+    val memory: PtMemoryByte?
+        get() = children.single() as? PtMemoryByte
+
+    val type: DataType
+        get() {
+            return when(val tgt = children.single()) {
+                is PtIdentifier -> tgt.type
+                is PtArrayIndexer -> tgt.type
+                is PtMemoryByte -> tgt.type
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target $tgt")
+            }
+        }
+
+    infix fun isSameAs(expression: PtExpression): Boolean = expression.isSameAs(this)
+}
+
+
+class PtConditionalBranch(val condition: BranchCondition, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    val trueScope: PtNodeGroup
+        get() = children[0] as PtNodeGroup
+    val falseScope: PtNodeGroup
+        get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
+}
+
+
+class PtForLoop(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    val variable: PtIdentifier
+        get() = children[0] as PtIdentifier
+    val iterable: PtExpression
+        get() = children[1] as PtExpression
+    val statements: PtNodeGroup
+        get() = children[2] as PtNodeGroup
+}
+
+
+class PtIfElse(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    val condition: PtExpression
+        get() = children[0] as PtExpression
+    val ifScope: PtNodeGroup
+        get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
+    val elseScope: PtNodeGroup
+        get() = children[2] as PtNodeGroup
+}
+
+
+class PtJump(val identifier: PtIdentifier?,
+             val address: UInt?,
+             val generatedLabel: String?,
+             position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    init {
+        identifier?.let {it.parent = this }
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PtPostIncrDecr(val operator: String, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    val target: PtAssignTarget
+        get() = children.single() as PtAssignTarget
+}
+
+
+class PtRepeatLoop(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    val count: PtExpression
+        get() = children[0] as PtExpression
+    val statements: PtNodeGroup
+        get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
+}
+
+
+class PtReturn(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    val hasValue = children.any()
+    val value: PtExpression?
+        get() {
+            return if(children.any())
+                children.single() as PtExpression
+            else
+                null
+        }
+}
+
+
+sealed interface IPtVariable {
+    val name: String
+    val type: DataType
+}
+
+
+class PtVariable(name: String, override val type: DataType, val zeropage: ZeropageWish, val value: PtExpression?, val arraySize: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtVariable {
+    init {
+        value?.let {it.parent=this}
+    }
+}
+
+
+class PtConstant(name: String, override val type: DataType, val value: Double, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtVariable
+
+
+class PtMemMapped(name: String, override val type: DataType, val address: UInt, val arraySize: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtVariable
+
+
+class PtWhen(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    val value: PtExpression
+        get() = children[0] as PtExpression
+    val choices: PtNodeGroup
+        get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
+}
+
+
+class PtWhenChoice(val isElse: Boolean, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    val values: PtNodeGroup
+        get() = children[0] as PtNodeGroup
+    val statements: PtNodeGroup
+        get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/BuiltinFunctions.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+package prog8.code.core
+
+class ReturnConvention(val dt: DataType?, val reg: RegisterOrPair?, val floatFac1: Boolean)
+class ParamConvention(val dt: DataType, val reg: RegisterOrPair?, val variable: Boolean)
+class CallConvention(val params: List<ParamConvention>, val returns: ReturnConvention) {
+    override fun toString(): String {
+        val paramConvs =  params.mapIndexed { index, it ->
+            when {
+                it.reg!=null -> "$index:${it.reg}"
+                it.variable -> "$index:variable"
+                else -> "$index:???"
+            }
+        }
+        val returnConv =
+            when {
+                returns.reg!=null -> returns.reg.toString()
+                returns.floatFac1 -> "floatFAC1"
+                else -> "<no returnvalue>"
+            }
+        return "CallConvention[" + paramConvs.joinToString() + " ; returns: $returnConv]"
+    }
+}
+
+class FParam(val name: String, val possibleDatatypes: Array<DataType>)
+
+class FSignature(val pure: Boolean,      // does it have side effects?
+                      val parameters: List<FParam>,
+                      val returnType: DataType?) {
+
+    fun callConvention(actualParamTypes: List<DataType>): CallConvention {
+        val returns: ReturnConvention = when (returnType) {
+            DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> ReturnConvention(returnType, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
+            DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> ReturnConvention(returnType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> ReturnConvention(returnType, null, true)
+            in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> ReturnConvention(returnType!!, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+            null -> ReturnConvention(null, null, false)
+            else -> {
+                // return type depends on arg type
+                when (val paramType = actualParamTypes.first()) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
+                    DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> ReturnConvention(paramType, null, true)
+                    in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    else -> ReturnConvention(paramType, null, false)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return when {
+            actualParamTypes.isEmpty() -> CallConvention(emptyList(), returns)
+            actualParamTypes.size==1 -> {
+                // one parameter goes via register/registerpair
+                val paramConv = when(val paramType = actualParamTypes[0]) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
+                    DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    else -> ParamConvention(paramType, null, false)
+                }
+                CallConvention(listOf(paramConv), returns)
+            }
+            else -> {
+                // multiple parameters go via variables
+                val paramConvs = actualParamTypes.map { ParamConvention(it, null, true) }
+                CallConvention(paramConvs, returns)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+val BuiltinFunctions: Map<String, FSignature> = mapOf(
+    // this set of function have no return value and operate in-place:
+    "rol"       to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "ror"       to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "rol2"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "ror2"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "sort"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("array", ArrayDatatypes)), null),
+    "reverse"   to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("array", ArrayDatatypes)), null),
+    // cmp returns a status in the carry flag, but not a proper return value
+    "cmp"       to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("value1", IntegerDatatypesNoBool), FParam("value2", NumericDatatypesNoBool)), null),
+    "prog8_lib_stringcompare"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("str1", arrayOf(DataType.STR)), FParam("str2", arrayOf(DataType.STR))), DataType.BYTE),
+    "abs"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", IntegerDatatypesNoBool)), DataType.UWORD),
+    "len"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("values", IterableDatatypes)), DataType.UWORD),
+    // normal functions follow:
+    "sizeof"    to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("object", DataType.values())), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "sgn"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", NumericDatatypesNoBool)), DataType.BYTE),
+    "sqrt16"    to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "divmod"    to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("number", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("divident", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("division", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("remainder", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), null),
+    "divmodw"   to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("number", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("divident", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("division", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("remainder", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "any"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "all"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "lsb"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "msb"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "mkword"    to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("msb", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("lsb", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UWORD),
+    "peek"      to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "peekw"     to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
+    "poke"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), null),
+    "pokemon"   to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), null),
+    "pokew"     to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "pop"       to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("target", ByteDatatypes)), null),
+    "popw"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("target", WordDatatypes)), null),
+    "push"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("value", ByteDatatypes)), null),
+    "pushw"     to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("value", WordDatatypes)), null),
+    "rsave"     to FSignature(false, emptyList(), null),
+    "rsavex"    to FSignature(false, emptyList(), null),
+    "rrestore"  to FSignature(false, emptyList(), null),
+    "rrestorex" to FSignature(false, emptyList(), null),
+    "memory"    to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("name", arrayOf(DataType.STR)), FParam("size", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("alignment", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
+    "callfar"   to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("bank", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("arg", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
+)
+
+val InplaceModifyingBuiltinFunctions = setOf("rol", "ror", "rol2", "ror2", "sort", "reverse")

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/CompilationOptions.kt

@@ -16,11 +16,16 @@ class CompilationOptions(val output: OutputType,
                          var slowCodegenWarnings: Boolean = false,
                          var optimize: Boolean = false,
                          var optimizeFloatExpressions: Boolean = false,
-                         var dontReinitGlobals: Boolean = false,
                          var asmQuiet: Boolean = false,
                          var asmListfile: Boolean = false,
                          var experimentalCodegen: Boolean = false,
+                         var varsHigh: Boolean = false,
+                         var useNewExprCode: Boolean = false,
                          var evalStackBaseAddress: UInt? = null,
                          var outputDir: Path = Path(""),
                          var symbolDefs: Map<String, String> = emptyMap()
-)
+) {
+    init {
+        compTarget.machine.initializeMemoryAreas(this)
+    }
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/IAssemblyGenerator.kt

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.core
-
-interface IAssemblyGenerator {
-    fun compileToAssembly(): IAssemblyProgram?
-}
-
-interface IAssemblyProgram {
-    val name: String
-    fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions): Boolean
-}
-
-fun viceMonListName(baseFilename: String) = "$baseFilename.vice-mon-list"

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/ICodeGeneratorBackend.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package prog8.code.core
+
+import prog8.code.SymbolTable
+import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
+
+interface ICodeGeneratorBackend {
+    fun generate(program: PtProgram,
+                 symbolTable: SymbolTable,
+                 options: CompilationOptions,
+                 errors: IErrorReporter): IAssemblyProgram?
+}
+
+
+interface IAssemblyProgram {
+    val name: String
+    fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions, errors: IErrorReporter): Boolean
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/ICompilationTarget.kt

@@ -7,5 +7,5 @@ interface ICompilationTarget: IStringEncoding, IMemSizer {
     val defaultEncoding: Encoding
 
     override fun encodeString(str: String, encoding: Encoding): List<UByte>
-    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: Iterable<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/IMachineDefinition.kt

@@ -16,12 +16,14 @@ interface IMachineDefinition {
     var ESTACK_LO: UInt
     var ESTACK_HI: UInt
     val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS : UInt
+    val BSSHIGHRAM_START: UInt
+    val BSSHIGHRAM_END: UInt
 
-    val opcodeNames: Set<String>
-    var zeropage: Zeropage
     val cpu: CpuType
+    var zeropage: Zeropage
+    var golden: GoldenRam
 
-    fun initializeZeropage(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions)
+    fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions)
     fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number): String
 
     fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, compilationTargetName: String): List<String>
@@ -31,5 +33,7 @@ interface IMachineDefinition {
         require(evalStackBaseAddress and 255u == 0u)
         ESTACK_LO = evalStackBaseAddress
         ESTACK_HI = evalStackBaseAddress + 256u
+        require(ESTACK_LO !in golden.region && ESTACK_HI !in golden.region) { "user-set ESTACK can't be in GOLDEN ram" }
     }
+
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/IStringEncoding.kt

@@ -10,5 +10,5 @@ enum class Encoding(val prefix: String) {
 
 interface IStringEncoding {
     fun encodeString(str: String, encoding: Encoding): List<UByte>
-    fun decodeString(bytes: List<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String
+    fun decodeString(bytes: Iterable<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/MemoryRegions.kt

@@ -5,21 +5,31 @@ import com.github.michaelbull.result.Ok
 import com.github.michaelbull.result.Result
 
 
-class ZeropageAllocationError(message: String) : Exception(message)
+class MemAllocationError(message: String) : Exception(message)
 
 
-abstract class Zeropage(protected val options: CompilationOptions) {
+abstract class MemoryAllocator(protected val options: CompilationOptions) {
+    data class VarAllocation(val address: UInt, val dt: DataType, val size: Int)
+
+    abstract fun allocate(name: String,
+                          datatype: DataType,
+                          numElements: Int?,
+                          position: Position?,
+                          errors: IErrorReporter): Result<VarAllocation, MemAllocationError>
+}
+
+
+abstract class Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions): MemoryAllocator(options) {
 
     abstract val SCRATCH_B1 : UInt      // temp storage for a single byte
     abstract val SCRATCH_REG : UInt     // temp storage for a register, must be B1+1
     abstract val SCRATCH_W1 : UInt      // temp storage 1 for a word  $fb+$fc
     abstract val SCRATCH_W2 : UInt      // temp storage 2 for a word  $fb+$fc
 
-    data class ZpAllocation(val address: UInt, val dt: DataType, val size: Int)
 
     // the variables allocated into Zeropage.
     // name (scoped) ==> pair of address to (Datatype + bytesize)
-    val allocatedVariables = mutableMapOf<List<String>, ZpAllocation>()
+    val allocatedVariables = mutableMapOf<String, VarAllocation>()
 
     val free = mutableListOf<UInt>()     // subclasses must set this to the appropriate free locations.
 
@@ -41,17 +51,16 @@ abstract class Zeropage(protected val options: CompilationOptions) {
         return free.windowed(2).any { it[0] == it[1] - 1u }
     }
 
-    fun allocate(name: List<String>,
-                 datatype: DataType,
-                 numElements: Int?,
-                 position: Position?,
-                 errors: IErrorReporter
-    ): Result<Pair<UInt, Int>, ZeropageAllocationError> {
+    override fun allocate(name: String,
+                          datatype: DataType,
+                          numElements: Int?,
+                          position: Position?,
+                          errors: IErrorReporter): Result<VarAllocation, MemAllocationError> {
 
         require(name.isEmpty() || name !in allocatedVariables) {"name can't be allocated twice"}
 
         if(options.zeropage== ZeropageType.DONTUSE)
-            return Err(ZeropageAllocationError("zero page usage has been disabled"))
+            return Err(MemAllocationError("zero page usage has been disabled"))
 
         val size: Int =
                 when (datatype) {
@@ -72,9 +81,9 @@ abstract class Zeropage(protected val options: CompilationOptions) {
                             else
                                 errors.warn("$name: allocating a large value in zeropage; float $memsize bytes", Position.DUMMY)
                             memsize
-                        } else return Err(ZeropageAllocationError("floating point option not enabled"))
+                        } else return Err(MemAllocationError("floating point option not enabled"))
                     }
-                    else -> return Err(ZeropageAllocationError("cannot put datatype $datatype in zeropage"))
+                    else -> throw MemAllocationError("weird dt")
                 }
 
         synchronized(this) {
@@ -82,30 +91,30 @@ abstract class Zeropage(protected val options: CompilationOptions) {
                 if(size==1) {
                     for(candidate in free.minOrNull()!! .. free.maxOrNull()!!+1u) {
                         if(oneSeparateByteFree(candidate))
-                            return Ok(Pair(makeAllocation(candidate, 1, datatype, name), 1))
+                            return Ok(VarAllocation(makeAllocation(candidate, 1, datatype, name), datatype,1))
                     }
-                    return Ok(Pair(makeAllocation(free[0], 1, datatype, name), 1))
+                    return Ok(VarAllocation(makeAllocation(free[0], 1, datatype, name), datatype,1))
                 }
                 for(candidate in free.minOrNull()!! .. free.maxOrNull()!!+1u) {
                     if (sequentialFree(candidate, size))
-                        return Ok(Pair(makeAllocation(candidate, size, datatype, name), size))
+                        return Ok(VarAllocation(makeAllocation(candidate, size, datatype, name), datatype, size))
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        return Err(ZeropageAllocationError("no more free space in ZP to allocate $size sequential bytes"))
+        return Err(MemAllocationError("no more free space in ZP to allocate $size sequential bytes"))
     }
 
     private fun reserve(range: UIntRange) = free.removeAll(range)
 
-    private fun makeAllocation(address: UInt, size: Int, datatype: DataType, name: List<String>): UInt {
+    private fun makeAllocation(address: UInt, size: Int, datatype: DataType, name: String): UInt {
         require(size>=0)
         free.removeAll(address until address+size.toUInt())
         if(name.isNotEmpty()) {
             allocatedVariables[name] = when(datatype) {
-                in NumericDatatypes -> ZpAllocation(address, datatype, size)        // numerical variables in zeropage never have an initial value here because they are set in separate initializer assignments
-                DataType.STR -> ZpAllocation(address, datatype, size)
-                in ArrayDatatypes -> ZpAllocation(address, datatype, size)
+                in NumericDatatypes -> VarAllocation(address, datatype, size)        // numerical variables in zeropage never have an initial value here because they are set in separate initializer assignments
+                DataType.STR -> VarAllocation(address, datatype, size)
+                in ArrayDatatypes -> VarAllocation(address, datatype, size)
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid dt")
             }
         }
@@ -120,3 +129,37 @@ abstract class Zeropage(protected val options: CompilationOptions) {
 
     abstract fun allocateCx16VirtualRegisters()
 }
+
+
+class GoldenRam(options: CompilationOptions, val region: UIntRange): MemoryAllocator(options) {
+    private var nextLocation: UInt = region.first
+
+    override fun allocate(
+        name: String,
+        datatype: DataType,
+        numElements: Int?,
+        position: Position?,
+        errors: IErrorReporter): Result<VarAllocation, MemAllocationError> {
+
+        val size: Int =
+            when (datatype) {
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> options.compTarget.memorySize(datatype)
+                DataType.STR, in ArrayDatatypes  -> {
+                    options.compTarget.memorySize(datatype, numElements!!)
+                }
+                DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                    if (options.floats) {
+                        options.compTarget.memorySize(DataType.FLOAT)
+                    } else return Err(MemAllocationError("floating point option not enabled"))
+                }
+                else -> throw MemAllocationError("weird dt")
+            }
+
+        return if(nextLocation<=region.last && (region.last + 1u - nextLocation) >= size.toUInt()) {
+            val result = Ok(VarAllocation(nextLocation, datatype, size))
+            nextLocation += size.toUInt()
+            result
+        } else
+            Err(MemAllocationError("no more free space in Golden RAM to allocate $size sequential bytes"))
+    }
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/Operators.kt

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ val ComparisonOperators = setOf("==", "!=", "<", ">", "<=", ">=")
 val LogicalOperators = setOf("and", "or", "xor", "not")
 val AugmentAssignmentOperators = setOf("+", "-", "/", "*", "&", "|", "^", "<<", ">>", "%", "and", "or", "xor")
 val BitwiseOperators = setOf("&", "|", "^", "~")
+val PrefixOperators = setOf("+", "-", "~", "not")
 // val InvalidOperatorsForBoolean = setOf("+", "-", "*", "/", "%", "<<", ">>") + BitwiseOperators
 
 fun invertedComparisonOperator(operator: String) =

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/Position.kt

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package prog8.code.core
 
+import prog8.code.core.SourceCode.Companion.libraryFilePrefix
 import java.nio.file.InvalidPathException
 import kotlin.io.path.Path
 import kotlin.io.path.absolute
@@ -7,6 +8,10 @@ import kotlin.io.path.absolute
 data class Position(val file: String, val line: Int, val startCol: Int, val endCol: Int) {
     override fun toString(): String = "[$file: line $line col ${startCol+1}-${endCol+1}]"
     fun toClickableStr(): String {
+        if(this===DUMMY)
+            return ""
+        if(file.startsWith(libraryFilePrefix))
+            return "$file:$line:$startCol:"
         return try {
             val path = Path(file).absolute().normalize().toString()
             "file://$path:$line:$startCol:"

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/SourceCode.kt

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ sealed class SourceCode {
      * [origin]: `library:/x/y/z.p8` for a given `pathString` of "x/y/z.p8"
      */
     class Resource(pathString: String): SourceCode() {
-        private val normalized = "/" + Path.of(pathString).normalize().toMutableList().joinToString("/")
+        private val normalized = "/" + Path(pathString).normalize().toMutableList().joinToString("/")
 
         override val isFromResources = true
         override val isFromFilesystem = false
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ sealed class SourceCode {
             }
             val stream = object {}.javaClass.getResourceAsStream(normalized)
             text = stream!!.reader().use { it.readText() }
-            name = Path.of(pathString).toFile().nameWithoutExtension
+            name = Path(pathString).toFile().nameWithoutExtension
         }
     }
 

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/C64Target.kt

@@ -16,5 +16,7 @@ class C64Target: ICompilationTarget, IStringEncoding by Encoder, IMemSizer by Cb
 
     companion object {
         const val NAME = "c64"
+
+        fun viceMonListName(baseFilename: String) = "$baseFilename.vice-mon-list"
     }
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/Encoder.kt

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ object Encoder: IStringEncoding {
             success = { it }
         )
     }
-    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String {
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: Iterable<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String {
         val decoded = when(encoding) {
             Encoding.PETSCII -> PetsciiEncoding.decodePetscii(bytes, true)
             Encoding.SCREENCODES -> PetsciiEncoding.decodeScreencode(bytes, true)

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/atari/AtariMachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package prog8.code.target.atari
 
 import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.code.target.c64.normal6502instructions
 import java.nio.file.Path
 
 
@@ -14,13 +13,17 @@ class AtariMachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
     override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = 6
     override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x2000u
 
-    // the 2*256 byte evaluation stack (on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
-    override var ESTACK_LO = 0x1a00u     //  $1a00-$1aff inclusive      // TODO
-    override var ESTACK_HI = 0x1b00u     //  $1b00-$1bff inclusive      // TODO
+    // the 2*128 byte evaluation stack (1 page, on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
+    override var ESTACK_LO = 0x1b00u     //  $1b00-$1b7f inclusive      // TODO
+    override var ESTACK_HI = 0x1b80u     //  $1b80-$1bff inclusive      // TODO
+
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0u    // TODO
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0u      // TODO
 
     override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
+    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam
 
-    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = TODO("float asm bytes from number")
+    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = TODO("atari float asm bytes from number")
 
     override fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, compilationTargetName: String): List<String> {
         return if (compilerOptions.output == OutputType.XEX)
@@ -57,9 +60,8 @@ class AtariMachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
     override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address==0u || address==1u || address in 0xd000u..0xdfffu        // TODO
 
-    override fun initializeZeropage(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
         zeropage = AtariZeropage(compilerOptions)
+        golden = GoldenRam(compilerOptions, UIntRange.EMPTY)
     }
-
-    override val opcodeNames = normal6502instructions
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/c128/C128MachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package prog8.code.target.c128
 
 import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.code.target.c64.normal6502instructions
+import prog8.code.target.C64Target
 import prog8.code.target.cbm.Mflpt5
 import java.nio.file.Path
 
@@ -15,11 +15,15 @@ class C128MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
     override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
     override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x1c01u
 
-    // the 2*256 byte evaluation stack (on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
-    override var ESTACK_LO = 0x1a00u     //  $1a00-$1aff inclusive
-    override var ESTACK_HI = 0x1b00u     //  $1b00-$1bff inclusive
+    // the 2*128 byte evaluation stack (1 page, on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
+    override var ESTACK_LO = 0x1b00u     //  $1b00-$1b7f inclusive
+    override var ESTACK_HI = 0x1b80u     //  $1b80-$1bff inclusive
+
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0u    // TODO
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0u      // TODO
 
     override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
+    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam
 
     override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num).makeFloatFillAsm()
 
@@ -37,7 +41,7 @@ class C128MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
         }
 
         println("\nStarting C-128 emulator x128...")
-        val viceMonlist = viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString())
+        val viceMonlist = C64Target.viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString())
         val cmdline = listOf("x128", "-silent", "-moncommands", viceMonlist,
                 "-autostartprgmode", "1", "-autostart-warp", "-autostart", "${programNameWithPath}.prg")
         val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline).inheritIO()
@@ -47,9 +51,8 @@ class C128MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
     override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address==0u || address==1u || address in 0xd000u..0xdfffu
 
-    override fun initializeZeropage(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
         zeropage = C128Zeropage(compilerOptions)
+        golden = GoldenRam(compilerOptions, UIntRange.EMPTY)    // TODO does the c128 have some of this somewhere?
     }
-
-    override val opcodeNames = normal6502instructions
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/c64/C64MachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package prog8.code.target.c64
 
 import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.C64Target
 import prog8.code.target.cbm.Mflpt5
 import java.io.IOException
 import java.nio.file.Path
@@ -15,11 +16,15 @@ class C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
     override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
     override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x0801u
 
-    // the 2*256 byte evaluation stack (on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
-    override var ESTACK_LO = 0xce00u     //  $ce00-$ceff inclusive
-    override var ESTACK_HI = 0xcf00u     //  $ce00-$ceff inclusive
+    // the 2*128 byte evaluation stack (1 page, on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
+    override var ESTACK_LO = 0xcf00u     //  $cf00-$cf7f inclusive
+    override var ESTACK_HI = 0xcf80u     //  $cf80-$cfff inclusive
+
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0xc000u
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = ESTACK_LO
 
     override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
+    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam
 
     override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num).makeFloatFillAsm()
 
@@ -38,7 +43,7 @@ class C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
         for(emulator in listOf("x64sc", "x64")) {
             println("\nStarting C-64 emulator $emulator...")
-            val viceMonlist = viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString())
+            val viceMonlist = C64Target.viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString())
             val cmdline = listOf(emulator, "-silent", "-moncommands", viceMonlist,
                     "-autostartprgmode", "1", "-autostart-warp", "-autostart", "${programNameWithPath}.prg")
             val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline).inheritIO()
@@ -55,22 +60,9 @@ class C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
     override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address==0u || address==1u || address in 0xd000u..0xdfffu
 
-    override fun initializeZeropage(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
         zeropage = C64Zeropage(compilerOptions)
+        golden = GoldenRam(compilerOptions, 0xc000u until ESTACK_LO)
     }
 
-    override val opcodeNames = normal6502instructions
 }
-
-
-// 6502 opcodes (including aliases and illegal opcodes), these cannot be used as variable or label names
-internal val normal6502instructions = setOf(
-    "adc", "ahx", "alr", "anc", "and", "ane", "arr", "asl", "asr", "axs", "bcc", "bcs",
-    "beq", "bge", "bit", "blt", "bmi", "bne", "bpl", "brk", "bvc", "bvs", "clc",
-    "cld", "cli", "clv", "cmp", "cpx", "cpy", "dcm", "dcp", "dec", "dex", "dey",
-    "eor", "gcc", "gcs", "geq", "gge", "glt", "gmi", "gne", "gpl", "gvc", "gvs",
-    "inc", "ins", "inx", "iny", "isb", "isc", "jam", "jmp", "jsr", "lae", "las",
-    "lax", "lda", "lds", "ldx", "ldy", "lsr", "lxa", "nop", "ora", "pha", "php",
-    "pla", "plp", "rla", "rol", "ror", "rra", "rti", "rts", "sax", "sbc", "sbx",
-    "sec", "sed", "sei", "sha", "shl", "shr", "shs", "shx", "shy", "slo", "sre",
-    "sta", "stx", "sty", "tas", "tax", "tay", "tsx", "txa", "txs", "tya", "xaa")

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/c64/C64Zeropage.kt

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class C64Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
             if (options.zeropage == ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE) {
                 // remove the zeropage locations used for floating point operations from the free list
                 free.removeAll(listOf(
-                        0x03, 0x04, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12,
+                        0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12,
                         0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27, 0x28, 0x29, 0x2a,
                         0x57, 0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0x5f, 0x60,
                         0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68,
@@ -83,12 +83,12 @@ class C64Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
         // This is important because the compiler sometimes treats ZP variables more efficiently (for example if it's a pointer)
         // The base addres is $04.  Unfortunately it cannot be the same as on the Commander X16 ($02).
         for(reg in 0..15) {
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}")]   = ZpAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UWORD, 2)       // cx16.r0 .. cx16.r15
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}s")]  = ZpAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.WORD, 2)        // cx16.r0s .. cx16.r15s
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}L")]  = ZpAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0L .. cx16.r15L
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}H")]  = ZpAllocation((5+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0H .. cx16.r15H
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}sL")] = ZpAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sL .. cx16.r15sL
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}sH")] = ZpAllocation((5+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sH .. cx16.r15sH
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}"]   = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UWORD, 2)       // cx16.r0 .. cx16.r15
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}s"]  = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.WORD, 2)        // cx16.r0s .. cx16.r15s
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}L"]  = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0L .. cx16.r15L
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}H"]  = VarAllocation((5+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0H .. cx16.r15H
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sL"] = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sL .. cx16.r15sL
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sH"] = VarAllocation((5+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sH .. cx16.r15sH
             free.remove((4+reg*2).toUInt())
             free.remove((5+reg*2).toUInt())
         }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/cbm/AtasciiEncoding.kt

@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ object AtasciiEncoding {
         return Ok(mapped)
     }
 
-    fun decode(bytes: List<UByte>): Result<String, CharConversionException> {
+    fun decode(bytes: Iterable<UByte>): Result<String, CharConversionException> {
         return Ok(bytes.map { decodeTable[it.toInt()] }.joinToString(""))
     }
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/cbm/IsoEncoding.kt

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ object IsoEncoding {
         }
     }
 
-    fun decode(bytes: List<UByte>): Result<String, CharConversionException> {
+    fun decode(bytes: Iterable<UByte>): Result<String, CharConversionException> {
         return try {
             Ok(String(bytes.map { it.toByte() }.toByteArray(), charset))
         } catch (ce: CharConversionException) {

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/cx16/CX16MachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package prog8.code.target.cx16
 
 import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.C64Target
 import prog8.code.target.cbm.Mflpt5
 import java.nio.file.Path
 
@@ -14,11 +15,15 @@ class CX16MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
     override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
     override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x0801u
 
-    // the 2*256 byte evaluation stack (on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
-    override var ESTACK_LO = 0x0400u        //  $0400-$04ff inclusive
-    override var ESTACK_HI = 0x0500u        //  $0500-$05ff inclusive
+    // the 2*128 byte evaluation stack (1 page, on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
+    override var ESTACK_LO = 0x0700u        //  $0700-$077f inclusive
+    override var ESTACK_HI = 0x0780u        //  $0780-$07ff inclusive
+
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0xa000u     // hiram bank 1, 8Kb, assumed to be active
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0xc000u       // rom starts here.
 
     override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
+    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam
 
     override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num).makeFloatFillAsm()
     override fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, compilationTargetName: String): List<String> {
@@ -39,7 +44,7 @@ class CX16MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
             }
             2 -> {
                 emulator = "box16"
-                extraArgs = listOf("-sym", viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString()))
+                extraArgs = listOf("-sym", C64Target.viceMonListName(programNameWithPath.toString()))
             }
             else -> {
                 System.err.println("Cx16 target only supports x16emu and box16 emulators.")
@@ -50,28 +55,16 @@ class CX16MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
         println("\nStarting Commander X16 emulator $emulator...")
         val cmdline = listOf(emulator, "-scale", "2", "-run", "-prg", "${programNameWithPath}.prg") + extraArgs
         val processb = ProcessBuilder(cmdline).inheritIO()
+        processb.environment()["PULSE_LATENCY_MSEC"] = "10"
         val process: Process = processb.start()
         process.waitFor()
     }
 
     override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address==0u || address==1u || address in 0x9f00u..0x9fffu
 
-    override fun initializeZeropage(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
         zeropage = CX16Zeropage(compilerOptions)
+        golden = GoldenRam(compilerOptions, 0x0600u until 0x0800u)
     }
 
-    // 65c02 opcodes, these cannot be used as variable or label names
-    override val opcodeNames = setOf("adc", "and", "asl", "bcc", "bcs",
-            "beq", "bge", "bit", "blt", "bmi", "bne", "bpl", "brk", "bvc", "bvs", "clc",
-            "cld", "cli", "clv", "cmp", "cpx", "cpy", "dec", "dex", "dey",
-            "eor", "gcc", "gcs", "geq", "gge", "glt", "gmi", "gne", "gpl", "gvc", "gvs",
-            "inc", "inx", "iny", "jmp", "jsr",
-            "lda", "ldx", "ldy", "lsr", "nop", "ora", "pha", "php",
-            "pla", "plp", "rol", "ror", "rti", "rts", "sbc",
-            "sec", "sed", "sei",
-            "sta", "stx", "sty", "tax", "tay", "tsx", "txa", "txs", "tya",
-            "bra", "phx", "phy", "plx", "ply", "stz", "trb", "tsb", "bbr", "bbs",
-            "rmb", "smb", "stp", "wai")
-
-
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/cx16/CX16Zeropage.kt

@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@ class CX16Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
         // However, to be able for the compiler to "see" them as zero page variables, we have to register them here as well.
         // This is important because the compiler sometimes treats ZP variables more efficiently (for example if it's a pointer)
         for(reg in 0..15) {
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}")]   = ZpAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UWORD, 2)       // cx16.r0 .. cx16.r15
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}s")]  = ZpAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.WORD, 2)        // cx16.r0s .. cx16.r15s
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}L")]  = ZpAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0L .. cx16.r15L
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}H")]  = ZpAllocation((3+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0H .. cx16.r15H
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}sL")] = ZpAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sL .. cx16.r15sL
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}sH")] = ZpAllocation((3+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sH .. cx16.r15sH
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}"]   = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UWORD, 2)       // cx16.r0 .. cx16.r15
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}s"]  = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.WORD, 2)        // cx16.r0s .. cx16.r15s
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}L"]  = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0L .. cx16.r15L
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}H"]  = VarAllocation((3+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0H .. cx16.r15H
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sL"] = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sL .. cx16.r15sL
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sH"] = VarAllocation((3+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sH .. cx16.r15sH
         }
     }
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/virtual/VirtualMachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 package prog8.code.target.virtual
 
-import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.code.core.CpuType
-import prog8.code.core.IMachineDefinition
-import prog8.code.core.Zeropage
-import java.io.File
+import prog8.code.core.*
 import java.nio.file.Path
-
+import kotlin.io.path.isReadable
+import kotlin.io.path.name
+import kotlin.io.path.readText
 
 class VirtualMachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
@@ -19,10 +17,18 @@ class VirtualMachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
     override var ESTACK_LO = 0u                 // not actually used
     override var ESTACK_HI = 0u                 // not actually used
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0u          // not actually used
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0u            // not actually used
+    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage    // not actually used
+    override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam     // not actually used
 
-    override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage     // not actually used
-
-    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = TODO("float asm bytes from number")
+    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number): String {
+        // little endian binary representation
+        val bits = num.toFloat().toBits().toUInt()
+        val hexStr = bits.toString(16).padStart(8, '0')
+        val parts = hexStr.chunked(2).map { "\$" + it }
+        return parts.joinToString(", ")
+    }
 
     override fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, compilationTargetName: String): List<String> {
         return listOf("syslib")
@@ -30,19 +36,40 @@ class VirtualMachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
     override fun launchEmulator(selectedEmulator: Int, programNameWithPath: Path) {
         println("\nStarting Virtual Machine...")
-        // to not have external module dependencies we launch the virtual machine via reflection
+        // to not have external module dependencies in our own module, we launch the virtual machine via reflection
         val vm = Class.forName("prog8.vm.VmRunner").getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance() as IVirtualMachineRunner
-        val source = File("$programNameWithPath.p8virt").readText()
-        vm.runProgram(source, true)
+        val filename = programNameWithPath.name
+        if(programNameWithPath.isReadable()) {
+            vm.runProgram(programNameWithPath.readText())
+        } else {
+            val withExt = programNameWithPath.resolveSibling("$filename.p8ir")
+            if(withExt.isReadable())
+                vm.runProgram(withExt.readText())
+            else
+                throw NoSuchFileException(withExt.toFile(), reason="not a .p8ir file")
+        }
     }
 
     override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = false
 
-    override fun initializeZeropage(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {}
-
-    override val opcodeNames = emptySet<String>()
+    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+        zeropage = VirtualZeropage(compilerOptions)
+    }
 }
 
 interface IVirtualMachineRunner {
-    fun runProgram(source: String, throttle: Boolean)
+    fun runProgram(irSource: String)
+}
+
+private class VirtualZeropage(options: CompilationOptions): Zeropage(options) {
+    override val SCRATCH_B1: UInt
+        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
+    override val SCRATCH_REG: UInt
+        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
+    override val SCRATCH_W1: UInt
+        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
+    override val SCRATCH_W2: UInt
+        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
+
+    override fun allocateCx16VirtualRegisters() { /* there is no actual zero page in this target to allocate thing in */ }
 }

codeGenCpu6502/build.gradle

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ plugins {
     id 'java'
     id 'application'
     id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm"
+    id "io.kotest" version "0.3.9"
 }
 
 java {
@@ -24,13 +25,12 @@ compileTestKotlin {
 }
 
 dependencies {
-    implementation project(':codeAst')
     implementation project(':codeCore')
-    implementation project(':compilerAst')
     implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8"
     // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect"
     implementation "com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:1.1.16"
 
+    testImplementation 'io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5-jvm:5.5.5'
 }
 
 sourceSets {
@@ -42,6 +42,22 @@ sourceSets {
             srcDirs = ["${project.projectDir}/res"]
         }
     }
+    test {
+        java {
+            srcDir "${project.projectDir}/test"
+        }
+    }
 }
 
-// note: there are no unit tests in this module!
+test {
+    // Enable JUnit 5 (Gradle 4.6+).
+    useJUnitPlatform()
+
+    // Always run tests, even when nothing changed.
+    dependsOn 'cleanTest'
+
+    // Show test results.
+    testLogging {
+        events "skipped", "failed"
+    }
+}

codeGenCpu6502/codeGenCpu6502.iml

@@ -4,14 +4,15 @@
     <exclude-output />
     <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
       <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src" isTestSource="false" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/test" isTestSource="true" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build" />
     </content>
     <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
     <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="KotlinJavaRuntime" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="codeAst" />
     <orderEntry type="module" module-name="codeCore" />
-    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="compilerAst" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="michael.bull.kotlin.result.jvm" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="io.kotest.assertions.core.jvm" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="io.kotest.runner.junit5.jvm" level="project" />
   </component>
 </module>

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/AsmOptimizer.kt

@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteral
-import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
-import prog8.ast.statements.VarDeclType
+import prog8.code.StConstant
+import prog8.code.StMemVar
+import prog8.code.SymbolTable
 import prog8.code.core.IMachineDefinition
 
 
 // note: see https://wiki.nesdev.org/w/index.php/6502_assembly_optimisations
 
 
-internal fun optimizeAssembly(lines: MutableList<String>, machine: IMachineDefinition, program: Program): Int {
+internal fun optimizeAssembly(lines: MutableList<String>, machine: IMachineDefinition, symbolTable: SymbolTable): Int {
 
     var numberOfOptimizations = 0
 
@@ -37,14 +36,14 @@ internal fun optimizeAssembly(lines: MutableList<String>, machine: IMachineDefin
         numberOfOptimizations++
     }
 
-    mods = optimizeStoreLoadSame(linesByFour, machine, program)
+    mods = optimizeStoreLoadSame(linesByFour, machine, symbolTable)
     if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
         apply(mods, lines)
         linesByFour = getLinesBy(lines, 4)
         numberOfOptimizations++
     }
 
-    mods= optimizeJsrRts(linesByFour)
+    mods= optimizeJsrRtsAndOtherCombinations(linesByFour)
     if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
         apply(mods, lines)
         linesByFour = getLinesBy(lines, 4)
@@ -52,7 +51,14 @@ internal fun optimizeAssembly(lines: MutableList<String>, machine: IMachineDefin
     }
 
     var linesByFourteen = getLinesBy(lines, 14)
-    mods = optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen, machine, program)
+    mods = optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen, machine, symbolTable)
+    if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
+        apply(mods, lines)
+        linesByFourteen = getLinesBy(lines, 14)
+        numberOfOptimizations++
+    }
+
+    mods = optimizeSamePointerIndexing(linesByFourteen)
     if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
         apply(mods, lines)
         linesByFourteen = getLinesBy(lines, 14)
@@ -122,7 +128,11 @@ private fun optimizeUselessStackByteWrites(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<S
     return mods
 }
 
-private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>, machine: IMachineDefinition, program: Program): List<Modification> {
+private fun optimizeSameAssignments(
+    linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>,
+    machine: IMachineDefinition,
+    symbolTable: SymbolTable
+): List<Modification> {
 
     // Optimize sequential assignments of the same value to various targets (bytes, words, floats)
     // the float one is the one that requires 2*7=14 lines of code to check...
@@ -147,8 +157,8 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
             val fourthvalue = sixth.substring(4)
             if(firstvalue==thirdvalue && secondvalue==fourthvalue) {
                 // lda/ldy   sta/sty   twice the same word -->  remove second lda/ldy pair (fifth and sixth lines)
-                val address1 = getAddressArg(first, program)
-                val address2 = getAddressArg(second, program)
+                val address1 = getAddressArg(first, symbolTable)
+                val address2 = getAddressArg(second, symbolTable)
                 if(address1==null || address2==null || (!machine.isIOAddress(address1) && !machine.isIOAddress(address2))) {
                     mods.add(Modification(lines[4].index, true, null))
                     mods.add(Modification(lines[5].index, true, null))
@@ -161,7 +171,7 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
             val secondvalue = third.substring(4)
             if(firstvalue==secondvalue) {
                 // lda value / sta ? / lda same-value / sta ?  -> remove second lda (third line)
-                val address = getAddressArg(first, program)
+                val address = getAddressArg(first, symbolTable)
                 if(address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address))
                     mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, true, null))
             }
@@ -244,7 +254,7 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
                 val thirdvalue = third.substring(4)
                 val fourthvalue = fourth.substring(4)
                 if(firstvalue==thirdvalue && secondvalue == fourthvalue) {
-                    val address = getAddressArg(first, program)
+                    val address = getAddressArg(first, symbolTable)
                     if(address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address)) {
                         overlappingMods = true
                         mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, true, null))
@@ -268,7 +278,7 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
                 val firstvalue = first.substring(4)
                 val thirdvalue = third.substring(4)
                 if(firstvalue==thirdvalue) {
-                    val address = getAddressArg(first, program)
+                    val address = getAddressArg(first, symbolTable)
                     if(address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address)) {
                         overlappingMods = true
                         mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, true, null))
@@ -288,7 +298,7 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
             val secondvalue = second.substring(4)
             val thirdvalue = third.substring(4)
             if(firstvalue==secondvalue && firstvalue==thirdvalue) {
-                val address = getAddressArg(first, program)
+                val address = getAddressArg(first, symbolTable)
                 if(address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address)) {
                     overlappingMods = true
                     val reg2 = second[2]
@@ -301,18 +311,49 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
         /*
         sta  A   ; or stz     double store, remove this first one
         sta  A   ; or stz
-         */
-        if(!overlappingMods && first.isStoreRegOrZero() && second.isStoreRegOrZero()) {
-            if(first[2]==second[2]) {
-                val firstvalue = first.substring(4)
-                val secondvalue = second.substring(4)
-                if(firstvalue==secondvalue) {
-                    val address = getAddressArg(first, program)
-                    if(address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address)) {
-                        overlappingMods = true
-                        mods.add(Modification(lines[0].index, true, null))
-                    }
-                }
+        However, this cannot be done relyably because 'A' could be a constant symbol referring to an I/O address.
+        We can't see that here and would otherwise delete valid double stores.
+        */
+    }
+
+    return mods
+}
+
+private fun optimizeSamePointerIndexing(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<Modification> {
+
+    // Optimize same pointer indexing where for instance we load and store to the same ptr index in Y
+    // if Y isn't modified in between we can omit the second LDY:
+    //    ldy  #0
+    //    lda  (ptr),y
+    //    ora  #3       ; <-- instruction(s) that don't modify Y
+    //    ldy  #0       ; <-- can be removed
+    //    sta  (ptr),y
+
+    val mods = mutableListOf<Modification>()
+    for (lines in linesByFourteen) {
+        val first = lines[0].value.trimStart()
+        val second = lines[1].value.trimStart()
+        val third = lines[2].value.trimStart()
+        val fourth = lines[3].value.trimStart()
+        val fifth = lines[4].value.trimStart()
+        val sixth = lines[5].value.trimStart()
+
+        if(first.startsWith("ldy") && second.startsWith("lda") && fourth.startsWith("ldy") && fifth.startsWith("sta")) {
+            val firstvalue = first.substring(4)
+            val secondvalue = second.substring(4)
+            val fourthvalue = fourth.substring(4)
+            val fifthvalue = fifth.substring(4)
+            if("y" !in third && firstvalue==fourthvalue && secondvalue==fifthvalue && secondvalue.endsWith(",y") && fifthvalue.endsWith(",y")) {
+                mods.add(Modification(lines[3].index, true, null))
+            }
+        }
+        if(first.startsWith("ldy") && second.startsWith("lda") && fifth.startsWith("ldy") && sixth.startsWith("sta")) {
+            val firstvalue = first.substring(4)
+            val secondvalue = second.substring(4)
+            val fifthvalue = fifth.substring(4)
+            val sixthvalue = sixth.substring(4)
+            if("y" !in third && "y" !in fourth && firstvalue==fifthvalue && secondvalue==sixthvalue && secondvalue.endsWith(",y") && sixthvalue.endsWith(",y")) {
+                mods.add(Modification(lines[4].index, true, null))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -320,7 +361,11 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
     return mods
 }
 
-private fun optimizeStoreLoadSame(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>, machine: IMachineDefinition, program: Program): List<Modification> {
+private fun optimizeStoreLoadSame(
+    linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>,
+    machine: IMachineDefinition,
+    symbolTable: SymbolTable
+): List<Modification> {
     // sta X + lda X,  sty X + ldy X,   stx X + ldx X  -> the second instruction can OFTEN be eliminated
     val mods = mutableListOf<Modification>()
     for (lines in linesByFour) {
@@ -348,7 +393,7 @@ private fun optimizeStoreLoadSame(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>,
                 }
                 else {
                     // no branch instruction follows, we can remove the load instruction
-                    val address = getAddressArg(lines[2].value, program)
+                    val address = getAddressArg(lines[2].value, symbolTable)
                     address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address)
                 }
 
@@ -390,7 +435,8 @@ private fun optimizeStoreLoadSame(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>,
 
 private val identifierRegex = Regex("""^([a-zA-Z_$][a-zA-Z\d_\.$]*)""")
 
-private fun getAddressArg(line: String, program: Program): UInt? {
+private fun getAddressArg(line: String, symbolTable: SymbolTable): UInt? {
+    // try to get the constant value address, could return null if it's a symbol instead
     val loadArg = line.trimStart().substring(3).trim()
     return when {
         loadArg.startsWith('$') -> loadArg.substring(1).toUIntOrNull(16)
@@ -401,15 +447,11 @@ private fun getAddressArg(line: String, program: Program): UInt? {
             val identMatch = identifierRegex.find(loadArg)
             if(identMatch!=null) {
                 val identifier = identMatch.value
-                val decl = program.toplevelModule.lookup(identifier.split(".")) as? VarDecl
-                if(decl!=null) {
-                    when(decl.type){
-                        VarDeclType.VAR -> null
-                        VarDeclType.CONST,
-                        VarDeclType.MEMORY -> (decl.value as NumericLiteral).number.toUInt()
-                    }
+                when (val symbol = symbolTable.flat[identifier]) {
+                    is StConstant -> symbol.value.toUInt()
+                    is StMemVar -> symbol.address
+                    else -> null
                 }
-                else null
             } else null
         }
         else -> loadArg.substring(1).toUIntOrNull()
@@ -437,8 +479,11 @@ private fun optimizeIncDec(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<
     return mods
 }
 
-private fun optimizeJsrRts(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<Modification> {
+private fun optimizeJsrRtsAndOtherCombinations(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<Modification> {
     // jsr Sub + rts -> jmp Sub
+    // rts + jmp -> remove jmp
+    // rts + bxx -> remove bxx
+
     val mods = mutableListOf<Modification>()
     for (lines in linesByFour) {
         val first = lines[0].value
@@ -447,6 +492,28 @@ private fun optimizeJsrRts(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<
             mods += Modification(lines[0].index, false, lines[0].value.replace("jsr", "jmp"))
             mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
         }
+        else if (" rts" in first || "\trts" in first) {
+            if (" jmp" in second || "\tjmp" in second)
+                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+            else if (" bra" in second || "\tbra" in second)
+                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+            else if (" bcc" in second || "\tbcc" in second)
+                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+            else if (" bcs" in second || "\tbcs" in second)
+                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+            else if (" beq" in second || "\tbeq" in second)
+                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+            else if (" bne" in second || "\tbne" in second)
+                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+            else if (" bmi" in second || "\tbmi" in second)
+                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+            else if (" bpl" in second || "\tbpl" in second)
+                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+            else if (" bvs" in second || "\tbvs" in second)
+                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+            else if (" bvc" in second || "\tbvc" in second)
+                mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+        }
     }
     return mods
 }

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/AsmsubHelpers.kt

@@ -1,15 +1,12 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
-import prog8.ast.expressions.ArrayIndexedExpression
-import prog8.ast.expressions.BuiltinFunctionCall
-import prog8.ast.expressions.Expression
-import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
+import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.Cx16VirtualRegisters
 import prog8.code.core.RegisterOrPair
 import prog8.code.core.RegisterOrStatusflag
 
 
-fun asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder(sub: Subroutine): List<Int> {
+fun asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder(sub: PtAsmSub): List<Int> {
     val order = mutableListOf<Int>()
     // order is:
     //  1) cx16 virtual word registers,
@@ -17,43 +14,45 @@ fun asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder(sub: Subroutine): List<Int> {
     //  3) single CPU registers (X last), except A,
     //  4) CPU Carry status flag
     //  5) the A register itself last   (so everything before it can use the accumulator without having to save its value)
-    val args = sub.parameters.zip(sub.asmParameterRegisters).withIndex()
-    val (cx16regs, args2) = args.partition { it.value.second.registerOrPair in Cx16VirtualRegisters }
+    val args = sub.parameters.withIndex()
+    val (cx16regs, args2) = args.partition { it.value.first.registerOrPair in Cx16VirtualRegisters }
     val pairedRegisters = arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY, RegisterOrPair.XY)
-    val (pairedRegs , args3) = args2.partition { it.value.second.registerOrPair in pairedRegisters }
-    val (regsWithoutA, args4) = args3.partition { it.value.second.registerOrPair != RegisterOrPair.A }
-    val (regA, rest) = args4.partition { it.value.second.registerOrPair != null }
+    val (pairedRegs , args3) = args2.partition { it.value.first.registerOrPair in pairedRegisters }
+    val (regsWithoutA, args4) = args3.partition { it.value.first.registerOrPair != RegisterOrPair.A }
+    val (regA, rest) = args4.partition { it.value.first.registerOrPair != null }
 
     cx16regs.forEach { order += it.index }
     pairedRegs.forEach { order += it.index }
     regsWithoutA.forEach {
-        if(it.value.second.registerOrPair != RegisterOrPair.X)
+        if(it.value.first.registerOrPair != RegisterOrPair.X)
             order += it.index
     }
-    regsWithoutA.firstOrNull { it.value.second.registerOrPair==RegisterOrPair.X } ?.let { order += it.index}
+    regsWithoutA.firstOrNull { it.value.first.registerOrPair==RegisterOrPair.X } ?.let { order += it.index}
     rest.forEach { order += it.index }
     regA.forEach { order += it.index }
     require(order.size==sub.parameters.size)
     return order
 }
 
-fun asmsub6502ArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk(args: List<Expression>,
-                                                   paramRegisters: List<RegisterOrStatusflag>): Boolean {
-    fun isClobberRisk(expr: Expression): Boolean {
+fun asmsub6502ArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk(
+    args: List<PtExpression>,
+    params: List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, PtSubroutineParameter>>
+): Boolean {
+    fun isClobberRisk(expr: PtExpression): Boolean {
         when (expr) {
-            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
-                return paramRegisters.any {
-                    it.registerOrPair in listOf(RegisterOrPair.Y, RegisterOrPair.AY, RegisterOrPair.XY)
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> {
+                return params.any {
+                    it.first.registerOrPair in listOf(RegisterOrPair.Y, RegisterOrPair.AY, RegisterOrPair.XY)
                 }
             }
-            is BuiltinFunctionCall -> {
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> {
                 if (expr.name == "lsb" || expr.name == "msb")
                     return isClobberRisk(expr.args[0])
                 if (expr.name == "mkword")
                     return isClobberRisk(expr.args[0]) && isClobberRisk(expr.args[1])
-                return !expr.isSimple
+                return !expr.isSimple()
             }
-            else -> return !expr.isSimple
+            else -> return !expr.isSimple()
         }
     }
 

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/AssemblyProgram.kt

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 import com.github.michaelbull.result.Ok
 import com.github.michaelbull.result.Result
 import com.github.michaelbull.result.mapError
-import prog8.ast.generatedLabelPrefix
 import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.C64Target
 import java.io.File
 import java.nio.file.Path
 import kotlin.io.path.Path
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ internal class AssemblyProgram(
     private val prgFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.prg")        // CBM prg executable program
     private val xexFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.xex")        // Atari xex executable program
     private val binFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.bin")
-    private val viceMonListFile = outputDir.resolve(viceMonListName(name))
+    private val viceMonListFile = outputDir.resolve(C64Target.viceMonListName(name))
     private val listFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.list")
 
-    override fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions): Boolean {
+    override fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions, errors: IErrorReporter): Boolean {
 
         val assemblerCommand: List<String>
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ internal class AssemblyProgram(
             "atari" -> {
                 // Atari800XL .xex generation.
 
-                // TODO are these options okay?
+                // TODO are these options okay for atari?
                 val command = mutableListOf("64tass", "--ascii", "--case-sensitive", "--long-branch",
                     "-Wall", "-Wno-strict-bool", "-Wno-shadow", // "-Werror",
                     "--no-monitor"
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ internal class AssemblyProgram(
     }
 
     private fun removeGeneratedLabelsFromMonlist() {
-        val pattern = Regex("""al (\w+) \S+${generatedLabelPrefix}.+?""")
+        val pattern = Regex("""al (\w+) \S+prog8_label_.+?""")
         val lines = viceMonListFile.toFile().readLines()
         viceMonListFile.toFile().outputStream().bufferedWriter().use {
             for (line in lines) {
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ internal class AssemblyProgram(
                 breakpoints.add("break \$" + match.groupValues[1])
         }
         val num = breakpoints.size
-        breakpoints.add(0, "; vice monitor breakpoint list now follows")
+        breakpoints.add(0, "; breakpoint list now follows")
         breakpoints.add(1, "; $num breakpoints have been defined")
         breakpoints.add(2, "del")
         viceMonListFile.toFile().appendText(breakpoints.joinToString("\n") + "\n")

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/ExpressionsAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
 
-internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
-                                 private val asmgen: AsmGen,
+internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
+                                 private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal,
                                  private val allocator: VariableAllocator) {
 
     @Deprecated("avoid calling this as it generates slow evalstack based code")
-    internal fun translateExpression(expression:Expression) {
+    internal fun translateExpression(expression: PtExpression) {
         if (this.asmgen.options.slowCodegenWarnings) {
-            asmgen.errors.warn("slow stack evaluation used for expression $expression", expression.position)
+            asmgen.errors.warn("slow stack evaluation used for expression", expression.position)
         }
         translateExpressionInternal(expression)
     }
@@ -21,41 +20,47 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
     // the rest of the methods are all PRIVATE
 
 
-    private fun translateExpressionInternal(expression: Expression) {
+    private fun translateExpressionInternal(expression: PtExpression) {
 
         when(expression) {
-            is PrefixExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is BinaryExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is TypecastExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is AddressOf -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is DirectMemoryRead -> asmgen.translateDirectMemReadExpressionToRegAorStack(expression, true)
-            is NumericLiteral -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is IdentifierReference -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is FunctionCallExpression -> translateFunctionCallResultOntoStack(expression)
-            is BuiltinFunctionCall -> asmgen.translateBuiltinFunctionCallExpression(expression, true, null)
-            is ContainmentCheck -> throw AssemblyError("containment check as complex expression value is not supported")
-            is ArrayLiteral, is StringLiteral -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for string/array literal value assignment - should have been replaced by a variable")
-            is RangeExpression -> throw AssemblyError("range expression should have been changed into array values")
-            is CharLiteral -> throw AssemblyError("charliteral should have been replaced by ubyte using certain encoding")
+            is PtPrefix -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtBinaryExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtTypeCast -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtAddressOf -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtMemoryByte -> asmgen.translateDirectMemReadExpressionToRegAorStack(expression, true)
+            is PtNumber -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtIdentifier -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtFunctionCall -> translateFunctionCallResultOntoStack(expression)
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> asmgen.translateBuiltinFunctionCallExpression(expression, true, null)
+            is PtContainmentCheck -> translateContainmentCheck(expression)
+            is PtArray, is PtString -> throw AssemblyError("string/array literal value assignment should have been replaced by a variable")
+            is PtRange -> throw AssemblyError("range expression should have been changed into array values")
+            is PtMachineRegister -> throw AssemblyError("machine register ast node should not occur in 6502 codegen it is for IR code")
             else -> TODO("missing expression asmgen for $expression")
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateFunctionCallResultOntoStack(call: FunctionCallExpression) {
+    private fun translateContainmentCheck(check: PtContainmentCheck) {
+        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(check, RegisterOrPair.A)
+        asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  dex")
+    }
+
+    private fun translateFunctionCallResultOntoStack(call: PtFunctionCall) {
         // only for use in nested expression evaluation
 
-        val sub = call.target.targetSubroutine(program)!!
+        val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(call.name)
+        val sub = symbol!!.astNode as IPtSubroutine
         asmgen.saveXbeforeCall(call)
-        asmgen.translateFunctionCall(call, true)
+        asmgen.translateFunctionCall(call)
         if(sub.regXasResult()) {
             // store the return value in X somewhere that we can access again below
             asmgen.out("  stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG")
         }
         asmgen.restoreXafterCall(call)
 
-        val returns = sub.returntypes.zip(sub.asmReturnvaluesRegisters)
-        for ((_, reg) in returns) {
+        val returns: List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, DataType>> = sub.returnsWhatWhere()
+        for ((reg, _) in returns) {
             // result value is in cpu or status registers, put it on the stack instead (as we're evaluating an expression tree)
             if (reg.registerOrPair != null) {
                 when (reg.registerOrPair!!) {
@@ -133,9 +138,9 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(typecast: TypecastExpression) {
-        translateExpressionInternal(typecast.expression)
-        when(typecast.expression.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
+    private fun translateExpression(typecast: PtTypeCast) {
+        translateExpressionInternal(typecast.value)
+        when(typecast.value.type) {
             DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BOOL -> {
                 when(typecast.type) {
                     DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {}
@@ -197,12 +202,12 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(expr: AddressOf) {
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: PtAddressOf) {
         val name = asmgen.asmVariableName(expr.identifier)
         asmgen.out("  lda  #<$name |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  lda  #>$name  |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x  | dex")
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(expr: NumericLiteral) {
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: PtNumber) {
         when(expr.type) {
             DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out(" lda  #${expr.number.toHex()}  | sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x  | dex")
             DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("""
@@ -220,9 +225,9 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(expr: IdentifierReference) {
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: PtIdentifier) {
         val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(expr)
-        when(expr.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
+        when(expr.type) {
             DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
                 asmgen.out("  lda  $varname  |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x  |  dex")
             }
@@ -239,24 +244,54 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(expr: BinaryExpression) {
-        // Uses evalstack to evaluate the given expression.
-        // TODO we're slowly reducing the number of places where this is called and instead replace that by more efficient assignment-form code (using temp var or register for instance).
-        val leftIDt = expr.left.inferType(program)
-        val rightIDt = expr.right.inferType(program)
-        if(!leftIDt.isKnown || !rightIDt.isKnown)
-            throw AssemblyError("can't infer type of both expression operands")
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: PtBinaryExpression) {
+        require(!asmgen.options.useNewExprCode)
 
-        val leftDt = leftIDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
-        val rightDt = rightIDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
-        // see if we can apply some optimized routines
-        when(expr.operator) {
+        // Uses evalstack to evaluate the given expression.  THIS IS SLOW AND SHOULD BE AVOIDED!
+        if(translateSomewhatOptimized(expr.left, expr.operator, expr.right))
+            return
+
+        val leftDt = expr.left.type
+        val rightDt = expr.right.type
+
+        // compare with zero
+        if(expr.operator in ComparisonOperators) {
+            if(leftDt in NumericDatatypes && rightDt in NumericDatatypes) {
+                val rightVal = expr.right.asConstInteger()
+                if(rightVal==0)
+                    return translateComparisonWithZero(expr.left, leftDt, expr.operator)
+            }
+        }
+
+        if(leftDt==DataType.STR && rightDt==DataType.STR && expr.operator in ComparisonOperators)
+            return translateCompareStrings(expr.left, expr.operator, expr.right)
+
+        if((leftDt in ByteDatatypes && rightDt !in ByteDatatypes)
+                || (leftDt in WordDatatypes && rightDt !in WordDatatypes))
+            throw AssemblyError("binary operator ${expr.operator} left/right dt not identical")
+
+        // the general, non-optimized cases
+        // TODO optimize more cases.... (or one day just don't use the evalstack at all anymore)
+        translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+        translateExpressionInternal(expr.right)
+        when (leftDt) {
+            in ByteDatatypes -> translateBinaryOperatorBytes(expr.operator, leftDt)
+            in WordDatatypes -> translateBinaryOperatorWords(expr.operator, leftDt)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> translateBinaryOperatorFloats(expr.operator)
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("non-numerical datatype")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateSomewhatOptimized(left: PtExpression, operator: String, right: PtExpression): Boolean {
+        val leftDt = left.type
+        val rightDt = right.type
+        when(operator) {
             "+" -> {
                 if(leftDt in IntegerDatatypes && rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                    val leftVal = expr.left.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
-                    val rightVal = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                    val leftVal = left.asConstInteger()
+                    val rightVal = right.asConstInteger()
                     if (leftVal!=null && leftVal in -4..4) {
-                        translateExpressionInternal(expr.right)
+                        translateExpressionInternal(right)
                         if(rightDt in ByteDatatypes) {
                             val incdec = if(leftVal<0) "dec" else "inc"
                             repeat(leftVal.absoluteValue) {
@@ -282,11 +317,11 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                                 }
                             }
                         }
-                        return
+                        return true
                     }
                     else if (rightVal!=null && rightVal in -4..4)
                     {
-                        translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                        translateExpressionInternal(left)
                         if(leftDt in ByteDatatypes) {
                             val incdec = if(rightVal<0) "dec" else "inc"
                             repeat(rightVal.absoluteValue) {
@@ -312,16 +347,16 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                                 }
                             }
                         }
-                        return
+                        return true
                     }
                 }
             }
             "-" -> {
                 if(leftDt in IntegerDatatypes && rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                    val rightVal = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                    val rightVal = right.asConstInteger()
                     if (rightVal!=null && rightVal in -4..4)
                     {
-                        translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                        translateExpressionInternal(left)
                         if(leftDt in ByteDatatypes) {
                             val incdec = if(rightVal<0) "inc" else "dec"
                             repeat(rightVal.absoluteValue) {
@@ -347,14 +382,14 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                                 }
                             }
                         }
-                        return
+                        return true
                     }
                 }
             }
             ">>" -> {
-                val amount = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                val amount = right.asConstInteger()
                 if(amount!=null) {
-                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                    translateExpressionInternal(left)
                     when (leftDt) {
                         DataType.UBYTE -> {
                             if (amount <= 2)
@@ -380,17 +415,17 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                                     asmgen.out("  stz  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x |  stz  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x")
                                 else
                                     asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x")
-                                return
+                                return true
                             }
-                            var left = amount
-                            while (left >= 7) {
+                            var amountLeft = amount
+                            while (amountLeft >= 7) {
                                 asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_right_uw_7")
-                                left -= 7
+                                amountLeft -= 7
                             }
-                            if (left in 0..2)
-                                repeat(left) { asmgen.out(" lsr  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  ror  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x") }
+                            if (amountLeft in 0..2)
+                                repeat(amountLeft) { asmgen.out(" lsr  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  ror  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x") }
                             else
-                                asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_right_uw_$left")
+                                asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_right_uw_$amountLeft")
                         }
                         DataType.WORD -> {
                             if(amount>=16) {
@@ -405,27 +440,27 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                                     sta  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
                                     sta  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x
 +""")
-                                return
+                                return true
                             }
-                            var left = amount
-                            while (left >= 7) {
+                            var amountLeft = amount
+                            while (amountLeft >= 7) {
                                 asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_right_w_7")
-                                left -= 7
+                                amountLeft -= 7
                             }
-                            if (left in 0..2)
-                                repeat(left) { asmgen.out(" lda  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  asl  a  |  ror  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  ror  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x") }
+                            if (amountLeft in 0..2)
+                                repeat(amountLeft) { asmgen.out(" lda  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  asl  a  |  ror  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  ror  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x") }
                             else
-                                asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_right_w_$left")
+                                asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_right_w_$amountLeft")
                         }
                         else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
                     }
-                    return
+                    return true
                 }
             }
             "<<" -> {
-                val amount = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                val amount = right.asConstInteger()
                 if(amount!=null) {
-                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                    translateExpressionInternal(left)
                     if (leftDt in ByteDatatypes) {
                         if (amount <= 2)
                             repeat(amount) { asmgen.out("  asl  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x") }
@@ -435,78 +470,80 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
                         }
                     } else {
-                        var left = amount
-                        while (left >= 7) {
+                        var amountLeft = amount
+                        while (amountLeft >= 7) {
                             asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_left_w_7")
-                            left -= 7
+                            amountLeft -= 7
                         }
-                        if (left in 0..2)
-                            repeat(left) { asmgen.out("  asl  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x |  rol  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x") }
+                        if (amountLeft in 0..2)
+                            repeat(amountLeft) { asmgen.out("  asl  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x |  rol  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x") }
                         else
-                            asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_left_w_$left")
+                            asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_left_w_$amountLeft")
                     }
-                    return
+                    return true
                 }
             }
             "*" -> {
                 if(leftDt in IntegerDatatypes && rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                    val leftVar = expr.left as? IdentifierReference
-                    val rightVar = expr.right as? IdentifierReference
-                    if(leftVar!=null && rightVar!=null && leftVar==rightVar)
-                        return translateSquared(leftVar, leftDt)
+                    val leftVar = left as? PtIdentifier
+                    val rightVar = right as? PtIdentifier
+                    if(leftVar!=null && rightVar!=null && leftVar==rightVar) {
+                        translateSquared(leftVar, leftDt)
+                        return true
+                    }
                 }
 
-                val value = expr.right.constValue(program)
+                val value = right as? PtNumber
                 if(value!=null) {
                     if(rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
                         val amount = value.number.toInt()
                         if(amount==2) {
                             // optimize x*2 common case
-                            translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                            translateExpressionInternal(left)
                             if(leftDt in ByteDatatypes) {
                                 asmgen.out("  asl  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
                             } else {
                                 asmgen.out("  asl  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x |  rol  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x")
                             }
-                            return
+                            return true
                         }
                         when(rightDt) {
                             DataType.UBYTE -> {
                                 if(amount in asmgen.optimizedByteMultiplications) {
-                                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                                    translateExpressionInternal(left)
                                     asmgen.out(" jsr  math.stack_mul_byte_$amount")
-                                    return
+                                    return true
                                 }
                             }
                             DataType.BYTE -> {
                                 if(amount in asmgen.optimizedByteMultiplications) {
-                                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                                    translateExpressionInternal(left)
                                     asmgen.out(" jsr  math.stack_mul_byte_$amount")
-                                    return
+                                    return true
                                 }
                                 if(amount.absoluteValue in asmgen.optimizedByteMultiplications) {
-                                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                                    translateExpressionInternal(left)
                                     asmgen.out(" jsr  prog8_lib.neg_b |  jsr  math.stack_mul_byte_${amount.absoluteValue}")
-                                    return
+                                    return true
                                 }
                             }
                             DataType.UWORD -> {
                                 if(amount in asmgen.optimizedWordMultiplications) {
-                                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                                    translateExpressionInternal(left)
                                     asmgen.out(" jsr  math.stack_mul_word_$amount")
-                                    return
+                                    return true
                                 }
                             }
                             DataType.WORD -> {
                                 if(amount in asmgen.optimizedWordMultiplications) {
-                                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                                    translateExpressionInternal(left)
                                     asmgen.out(" jsr  math.stack_mul_word_$amount")
-                                    return
+                                    return true
                                 }
                                 if(amount.absoluteValue in asmgen.optimizedWordMultiplications) {
-                                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                                    translateExpressionInternal(left)
                                     asmgen.out(" jsr  prog8_lib.neg_w |  jsr  math.stack_mul_word_${amount.absoluteValue}")
-                                    return
+                                    return true
                                 }
                             }
                             else -> {}
@@ -516,9 +553,9 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             "/" -> {
                 if(leftDt in IntegerDatatypes && rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                    val rightVal = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                    val rightVal = right.asConstInteger()
                     if(rightVal!=null && rightVal==2) {
-                        translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                        translateExpressionInternal(left)
                         when (leftDt) {
                             DataType.UBYTE -> {
                                 asmgen.out("  lsr  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
@@ -551,41 +588,17 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             }
                             else -> throw AssemblyError("weird dt")
                         }
-                        return
+                        return true
                     }
                 }
             }
-            in ComparisonOperators -> {
-                if(leftDt in NumericDatatypes && rightDt in NumericDatatypes) {
-                    val rightVal = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number
-                    if(rightVal==0.0)
-                        return translateComparisonWithZero(expr.left, leftDt, expr.operator)
-                }
-            }
         }
 
-        if((leftDt in ByteDatatypes && rightDt !in ByteDatatypes)
-                || (leftDt in WordDatatypes && rightDt !in WordDatatypes))
-            throw AssemblyError("binary operator ${expr.operator} left/right dt not identical")
-
-        if(leftDt==DataType.STR && rightDt==DataType.STR && expr.operator in ComparisonOperators) {
-            translateCompareStrings(expr.left, expr.operator, expr.right)
-        }
-        else {
-            // the general, non-optimized cases  TODO optimize more cases.... (or one day just don't use the evalstack at all anymore)
-            translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
-            translateExpressionInternal(expr.right)
-            when (leftDt) {
-                in ByteDatatypes -> translateBinaryOperatorBytes(expr.operator, leftDt)
-                in WordDatatypes -> translateBinaryOperatorWords(expr.operator, leftDt)
-                DataType.FLOAT -> translateBinaryOperatorFloats(expr.operator)
-                else -> throw AssemblyError("non-numerical datatype")
-            }
-        }
+        return false
     }
 
-    private fun translateComparisonWithZero(expr: Expression, dt: DataType, operator: String) {
-        if(expr.isSimple) {
+    private fun translateComparisonWithZero(expr: PtExpression, dt: DataType, operator: String) {
+        if(expr.isSimple()) {
             if(operator=="!=") {
                 when (dt) {
                     in ByteDatatypes -> {
@@ -641,7 +654,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             "<" -> {
                 if(dt==DataType.UBYTE || dt==DataType.UWORD)
-                    return translateExpressionInternal(NumericLiteral.fromBoolean(false, expr.position))
+                    return translateExpressionInternal(PtNumber.fromBoolean(false, expr.position))
                 when(dt) {
                     DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.lesszero_b")
                     DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.lesszero_w")
@@ -662,7 +675,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             "<=" -> {
                 when(dt) {
                     DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.equalzero_b")
-                    DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.lessequalzeros_b")
+                    DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.lessequalzero_sb")
                     DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.equalzero_w")
                     DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.lessequalzero_sw")
                     DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.lessequal_zero")
@@ -671,7 +684,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             ">=" -> {
                 if(dt==DataType.UBYTE || dt==DataType.UWORD)
-                    return translateExpressionInternal(NumericLiteral.fromBoolean(true, expr.position))
+                    return translateExpressionInternal(PtNumber.fromBoolean(true, expr.position))
                 when(dt) {
                     DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.greaterequalzero_sb")
                     DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.greaterequalzero_sw")
@@ -683,7 +696,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateSquared(variable: IdentifierReference, dt: DataType) {
+    private fun translateSquared(variable: PtIdentifier, dt: DataType) {
         val asmVar = asmgen.asmVariableName(variable)
         when(dt) {
             DataType.BYTE, DataType.UBYTE -> {
@@ -699,14 +712,12 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  tya |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(expr: PrefixExpression) {
-        translateExpressionInternal(expr.expression)
-        val itype = expr.inferType(program)
-        val type = itype.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: PtPrefix) {
+        translateExpressionInternal(expr.value)
         when(expr.operator) {
             "+" -> {}
             "-" -> {
-                when(type) {
+                when(expr.type) {
                     in ByteDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.neg_b")
                     in WordDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.neg_w")
                     DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.neg_f")
@@ -714,7 +725,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 }
             }
             "~" -> {
-                when(type) {
+                when(expr.type) {
                     in ByteDatatypes ->
                         asmgen.out("""
                             lda  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
@@ -729,22 +740,18 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(arrayExpr: ArrayIndexedExpression) {
-        val elementIDt = arrayExpr.inferType(program)
-        if(!elementIDt.isKnown)
-            throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
-        val elementDt = elementIDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
-        val arrayVarName = asmgen.asmVariableName(arrayExpr.arrayvar)
+    private fun translateExpression(arrayExpr: PtArrayIndexer) {
+        val elementDt = arrayExpr.type
+        val arrayVarName = asmgen.asmVariableName(arrayExpr.variable)
 
-        val arrayVarDecl = arrayExpr.arrayvar.targetVarDecl(program)!!
-        if(arrayVarDecl.datatype==DataType.UWORD) {
+        if(arrayExpr.variable.type==DataType.UWORD) {
             // indexing a pointer var instead of a real array or string
             if(elementDt !in ByteDatatypes)
                 throw AssemblyError("non-array var indexing requires bytes dt")
-            if(arrayExpr.inferType(program) isnot DataType.UBYTE)
+            if(arrayExpr.index.type != DataType.UBYTE)
                 throw AssemblyError("non-array var indexing requires bytes index")
             asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(arrayExpr, elementDt, CpuRegister.Y)
-            if(asmgen.isZpVar(arrayExpr.arrayvar)) {
+            if(asmgen.isZpVar(arrayExpr.variable)) {
                 asmgen.out("  lda  ($arrayVarName),y")
             } else {
                 asmgen.out("  lda  $arrayVarName |  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1 |  lda  $arrayVarName+1 |  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1")
@@ -754,7 +761,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             return
         }
 
-        val constIndexNum = arrayExpr.indexer.constIndex()
+        val constIndexNum = arrayExpr.index.asConstInteger()
         if(constIndexNum!=null) {
             val indexValue = constIndexNum * program.memsizer.memorySize(elementDt)
             when(elementDt) {
@@ -881,10 +888,14 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateCompareStrings(s1: Expression, operator: String, s2: Expression) {
-        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(s1, "prog8_lib.strcmp_expression._arg_s1", DataType.UWORD, null)
-        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(s2, "prog8_lib.strcmp_expression._arg_s2", DataType.UWORD, null)
+    private fun translateCompareStrings(s1: PtExpression, operator: String, s2: PtExpression) {
+        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(s1, "prog8_lib.strcmp_expression._arg_s1", DataType.UWORD)
+        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(s2, "prog8_lib.strcmp_expression._arg_s2", DataType.UWORD)
         asmgen.out(" jsr  prog8_lib.strcmp_expression")    // result  of compare is in A
+        compareStringsProcessResultInA(operator)
+    }
+
+    private fun compareStringsProcessResultInA(operator: String) {
         when(operator) {
             "==" -> asmgen.out(" and  #1 |  eor  #1 |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x")
             "!=" -> asmgen.out(" and  #1 |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x")

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/Extensions.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
+
+import prog8.code.ast.IPtSubroutine
+import prog8.code.ast.PtAsmSub
+import prog8.code.ast.PtSub
+import prog8.code.core.*
+
+
+internal fun IPtSubroutine.regXasResult(): Boolean =
+    (this is PtAsmSub) && this.returns.any { it.first.registerOrPair in arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.X, RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.XY) }
+
+internal fun IPtSubroutine.shouldSaveX(): Boolean =
+    this.regXasResult() || (this is PtAsmSub && (CpuRegister.X in this.clobbers || regXasParam()))
+
+internal fun PtAsmSub.regXasParam(): Boolean =
+    parameters.any { it.first.registerOrPair in arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.X, RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.XY) }
+
+internal class KeepAresult(val saveOnEntry: Boolean, val saveOnReturn: Boolean)
+
+internal fun PtAsmSub.shouldKeepA(): KeepAresult {
+    // determine if A's value should be kept when preparing for calling the subroutine, and when returning from it
+
+    // it seems that we never have to save A when calling? will be loaded correctly after setup.
+    // but on return it depends on wether the routine returns something in A.
+    val saveAonReturn = returns.any { it.first.registerOrPair==RegisterOrPair.A || it.first.registerOrPair==RegisterOrPair.AY || it.first.registerOrPair==RegisterOrPair.AX }
+    return KeepAresult(false, saveAonReturn)
+}
+
+internal fun IPtSubroutine.returnsWhatWhere(): List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, DataType>> {
+    when(this) {
+        is PtAsmSub -> {
+            return returns
+        }
+        is PtSub -> {
+            // for non-asm subroutines, determine the return registers based on the type of the return value
+            return if(returntype==null)
+                emptyList()
+            else {
+                val register = when (returntype!!) {
+                    in ByteDatatypes -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.A, null)
+                    in WordDatatypes -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.AY, null)
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.FAC1, null)
+                    else -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.AY, null)
+                }
+                listOf(Pair(register, returntype!!))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+internal fun PtSub.returnRegister(): RegisterOrStatusflag? {
+    return when(returntype) {
+        in ByteDatatypes -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.A, null)
+        in WordDatatypes -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.AY, null)
+        DataType.FLOAT -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.FAC1, null)
+        null -> null
+        else -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.AY, null)
+    }
+}

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/ForLoopsAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,46 +1,43 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
 import com.github.michaelbull.result.fold
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
-import prog8.ast.expressions.RangeExpression
-import prog8.ast.statements.ForLoop
+import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
 
-internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen, private val zeropage: Zeropage) {
+internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
+                              private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal,
+                              private val zeropage: Zeropage) {
 
-    internal fun translate(stmt: ForLoop) {
-        val iterableDt = stmt.iterable.inferType(program)
-        if(!iterableDt.isKnown)
-            throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
+    internal fun translate(stmt: PtForLoop) {
+        val iterableDt = stmt.iterable.type
         when(stmt.iterable) {
-            is RangeExpression -> {
-                val range = (stmt.iterable as RangeExpression).toConstantIntegerRange()
+            is PtRange -> {
+                val range = (stmt.iterable as PtRange).toConstantIntegerRange()
                 if(range==null) {
-                    translateForOverNonconstRange(stmt, iterableDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }, stmt.iterable as RangeExpression)
+                    translateForOverNonconstRange(stmt, iterableDt, stmt.iterable as PtRange)
                 } else {
-                    translateForOverConstRange(stmt, iterableDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }, range)
+                    translateForOverConstRange(stmt, iterableDt, range)
                 }
             }
-            is IdentifierReference -> {
-                translateForOverIterableVar(stmt, iterableDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }, stmt.iterable as IdentifierReference)
+            is PtIdentifier -> {
+                translateForOverIterableVar(stmt, iterableDt, stmt.iterable as PtIdentifier)
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("can't iterate over ${stmt.iterable.javaClass} - should have been replaced by a variable")
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateForOverNonconstRange(stmt: ForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, range: RangeExpression) {
-        val loopLabel = program.makeLabel("for_loop")
-        val endLabel = program.makeLabel("for_end")
-        val modifiedLabel = program.makeLabel("for_modified")
-        val modifiedLabel2 = program.makeLabel("for_modifiedb")
+    private fun translateForOverNonconstRange(stmt: PtForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, range: PtRange) {
+        val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
+        val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
+        val modifiedLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_modified")
+        val modifiedLabel2 = asmgen.makeLabel("for_modifiedb")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
-        val stepsize=range.step.constValue(program)!!.number.toInt()
+        val stepsize=range.step.asConstInteger()!!
 
         if(stepsize < -1) {
-            val limit = range.to.constValue(program)?.number
-            if(limit==0.0)
+            val limit = range.to.asConstInteger()
+            if(limit==0)
                 throw AssemblyError("for unsigned loop variable it's not possible to count down with step != -1 from a non-const value to exactly zero due to value wrapping")
         }
 
@@ -52,11 +49,11 @@ internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen:
 
                     val incdec = if(stepsize==1) "inc" else "dec"
                     // loop over byte range via loopvar
-                    val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
-                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.from, varname, ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt), null)
-                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.to, "$modifiedLabel+1", ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt), null)
+                    val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.from, varname, ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt))
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.to, "$modifiedLabel+1", ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt))
                     asmgen.out(loopLabel)
-                    asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                    asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
                     asmgen.out("""
                         lda  $varname
 $modifiedLabel          cmp  #0         ; modified 
@@ -70,11 +67,11 @@ $modifiedLabel          cmp  #0         ; modified
                     // bytes, step >= 2 or <= -2
 
                     // loop over byte range via loopvar
-                    val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
-                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.from, varname, ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt), null)
-                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.to, "$modifiedLabel+1", ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt), null)
+                    val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.from, varname, ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt))
+                    asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.to, "$modifiedLabel+1", ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt))
                     asmgen.out(loopLabel)
-                    asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                    asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
                     if(stepsize>0) {
                         asmgen.out("""
                             lda  $varname
@@ -102,14 +99,14 @@ $modifiedLabel              cmp  #0     ; modified
                     // words, step 1 or -1
 
                     stepsize == 1 || stepsize == -1 -> {
-                        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+                        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
                         assignLoopvar(stmt, range)
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(range.to, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             sty  $modifiedLabel+1
                             sta  $modifiedLabel2+1
 $loopLabel""")
-                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
                         asmgen.out("""
                 lda  $varname+1
 $modifiedLabel  cmp  #0    ; modified 
@@ -136,14 +133,14 @@ $modifiedLabel2 cmp  #0    ; modified
                     stepsize > 0 -> {
 
                         // (u)words, step >= 2
-                        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+                        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
                         assignLoopvar(stmt, range)
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(range.to, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             sty  $modifiedLabel+1
                             sta  $modifiedLabel2+1
 $loopLabel""")
-                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
 
                         if (iterableDt == DataType.ARRAY_UW) {
                             asmgen.out("""
@@ -184,14 +181,14 @@ $endLabel""")
                     else -> {
 
                         // (u)words, step <= -2
-                        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+                        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
                         assignLoopvar(stmt, range)
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(range.to, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             sty  $modifiedLabel+1
                             sta  $modifiedLabel2+1
 $loopLabel""")
-                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
 
                         if(iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_UW) {
                             asmgen.out("""
@@ -237,12 +234,18 @@ $endLabel""")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun translateForOverIterableVar(stmt: ForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, ident: IdentifierReference) {
-        val loopLabel = program.makeLabel("for_loop")
-        val endLabel = program.makeLabel("for_end")
+    private fun translateForOverIterableVar(stmt: PtForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, ident: PtIdentifier) {
+        val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
+        val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
         val iterableName = asmgen.asmVariableName(ident)
-        val decl = ident.targetVarDecl(program)!!
+        val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(ident.name)
+        val decl = symbol!!.astNode as IPtVariable
+        val numElements = when(decl) {
+            is PtConstant -> throw AssemblyError("length of non-array requested")
+            is PtMemMapped -> decl.arraySize
+            is PtVariable -> decl.arraySize
+        }
         when(iterableDt) {
             DataType.STR -> {
                 asmgen.out("""
@@ -252,8 +255,8 @@ $endLabel""")
                     sty  $loopLabel+2
 $loopLabel          lda  ${65535.toHex()}       ; modified
                     beq  $endLabel
-                    sta  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)}""")
-                asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                    sta  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)}""")
+                asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
                 asmgen.out("""
                     inc  $loopLabel+1
                     bne  $loopLabel
@@ -262,19 +265,18 @@ $loopLabel          lda  ${65535.toHex()}       ; modified
 $endLabel""")
             }
             DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
-                val length = decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()!!
-                val indexVar = program.makeLabel("for_index")
+                val indexVar = asmgen.makeLabel("for_index")
                 asmgen.out("""
                     ldy  #0
 $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                     lda  $iterableName,y
-                    sta  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)}""")
-                asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
-                if(length<=255) {
+                    sta  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)}""")
+                asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
+                if(numElements!!<=255u) {
                     asmgen.out("""
                         ldy  $indexVar
                         iny
-                        cpy  #$length
+                        cpy  #$numElements
                         beq  $endLabel
                         bne  $loopLabel""")
                 } else {
@@ -285,9 +287,9 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                         bne  $loopLabel
                         beq  $endLabel""")
                 }
-                if(length>=16) {
+                if(numElements>=16u) {
                     // allocate index var on ZP if possible
-                    val result = zeropage.allocate(listOf(indexVar), DataType.UBYTE, null, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
+                    val result = zeropage.allocate(indexVar, DataType.UBYTE, null, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
                     result.fold(
                         success = { (address,_)-> asmgen.out("""$indexVar = $address  ; auto zp UBYTE""") },
                         failure = { asmgen.out("$indexVar    .byte  0") }
@@ -298,9 +300,9 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                 asmgen.out(endLabel)
             }
             DataType.ARRAY_W, DataType.ARRAY_UW -> {
-                val length = decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()!! * 2
-                val indexVar = program.makeLabel("for_index")
-                val loopvarName = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+                val length = numElements!! * 2u
+                val indexVar = asmgen.makeLabel("for_index")
+                val loopvarName = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
                 asmgen.out("""
                     ldy  #0
 $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
@@ -308,8 +310,8 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                     sta  $loopvarName
                     lda  $iterableName+1,y
                     sta  $loopvarName+1""")
-                asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
-                if(length<=127) {
+                asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
+                if(length<=127u) {
                     asmgen.out("""
                         ldy  $indexVar
                         iny
@@ -326,9 +328,9 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                         bne  $loopLabel
                         beq  $endLabel""")
                 }
-                if(length>=16) {
+                if(length>=16u) {
                     // allocate index var on ZP if possible
-                    val result = zeropage.allocate(listOf(indexVar), DataType.UBYTE, null, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
+                    val result = zeropage.allocate(indexVar, DataType.UBYTE, null, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
                     result.fold(
                         success = { (address,_)-> asmgen.out("""$indexVar = $address  ; auto zp UBYTE""") },
                         failure = { asmgen.out("$indexVar    .byte  0") }
@@ -346,7 +348,7 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun translateForOverConstRange(stmt: ForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, range: IntProgression) {
+    private fun translateForOverConstRange(stmt: PtForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, range: IntProgression) {
         if (range.isEmpty() || range.step==0)
             throw AssemblyError("empty range or step 0")
         if(iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_B || iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_UB) {
@@ -359,18 +361,18 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
         }
 
         // not one of the easy cases, generate more complex code...
-        val loopLabel = program.makeLabel("for_loop")
-        val endLabel = program.makeLabel("for_end")
+        val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
+        val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
         when(iterableDt) {
             DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UB -> {
                 // loop over byte range via loopvar, step >= 2 or <= -2
-                val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+                val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
                 asmgen.out("""
                             lda  #${range.first}
                             sta  $varname
 $loopLabel""")
-                asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
                 when (range.step) {
                     0, 1, -1 -> {
                         throw AssemblyError("step 0, 1 and -1 should have been handled specifically  $stmt")
@@ -430,7 +432,7 @@ $loopLabel""")
             }
             DataType.ARRAY_W, DataType.ARRAY_UW -> {
                 // loop over word range via loopvar, step >= 2 or <= -2
-                val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+                val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
                 when (range.step) {
                     0, 1, -1 -> {
                         throw AssemblyError("step 0, 1 and -1 should have been handled specifically  $stmt")
@@ -444,7 +446,7 @@ $loopLabel""")
                             sta  $varname
                             sty  $varname+1
 $loopLabel""")
-                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             lda  $varname
                             cmp  #<${range.last}
@@ -470,16 +472,16 @@ $loopLabel""")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun translateForSimpleByteRangeAsc(stmt: ForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
-        val loopLabel = program.makeLabel("for_loop")
-        val endLabel = program.makeLabel("for_end")
+    private fun translateForSimpleByteRangeAsc(stmt: PtForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
+        val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
+        val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
-        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
         asmgen.out("""
                 lda  #${range.first}
                 sta  $varname
 $loopLabel""")
-        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
         if (range.last == 255) {
             asmgen.out("""
                 inc  $varname
@@ -496,16 +498,16 @@ $endLabel""")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun translateForSimpleByteRangeDesc(stmt: ForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
-        val loopLabel = program.makeLabel("for_loop")
-        val endLabel = program.makeLabel("for_end")
+    private fun translateForSimpleByteRangeDesc(stmt: PtForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
+        val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
+        val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
-        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
         asmgen.out("""
                     lda  #${range.first}
                     sta  $varname
 $loopLabel""")
-        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
         when (range.last) {
             0 -> {
                 asmgen.out("""
@@ -533,18 +535,18 @@ $endLabel""")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun translateForSimpleWordRangeAsc(stmt: ForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
-        val loopLabel = program.makeLabel("for_loop")
-        val endLabel = program.makeLabel("for_end")
+    private fun translateForSimpleWordRangeAsc(stmt: PtForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
+        val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
+        val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
-        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
         asmgen.out("""
             lda  #<${range.first}
             ldy  #>${range.first}
             sta  $varname
             sty  $varname+1
 $loopLabel""")
-        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
         asmgen.out("""
             lda  $varname
             cmp  #<${range.last}
@@ -560,18 +562,18 @@ $loopLabel""")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun translateForSimpleWordRangeDesc(stmt: ForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
-        val loopLabel = program.makeLabel("for_loop")
-        val endLabel = program.makeLabel("for_end")
+    private fun translateForSimpleWordRangeDesc(stmt: PtForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
+        val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
+        val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
-        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
         asmgen.out("""
             lda  #<${range.first}
             ldy  #>${range.first}
             sta  $varname
             sty  $varname+1
 $loopLabel""")
-        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
         asmgen.out("""
             lda  $varname
             cmp  #<${range.last}
@@ -588,10 +590,9 @@ $loopLabel""")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun assignLoopvar(stmt: ForLoop, range: RangeExpression) =
+    private fun assignLoopvar(stmt: PtForLoop, range: PtRange) =
         asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(
             range.from,
-            asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar),
-            stmt.loopVarDt(program).getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") },
-            stmt.definingSubroutine)
+            asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable),
+            stmt.variable.type)
 }

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/FunctionCallAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,16 +1,6 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
-import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
-import prog8.ast.Node
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.expressions.AddressOf
-import prog8.ast.expressions.Expression
-import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
-import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteral
-import prog8.ast.statements.FunctionCallStatement
-import prog8.ast.statements.InlineAssembly
-import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
-import prog8.ast.statements.SubroutineParameter
+import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.AsmAssignSource
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.AsmAssignTarget
@@ -18,51 +8,60 @@ import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.AsmAssignment
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.TargetStorageKind
 
 
-internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
+internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram, private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal) {
 
-    internal fun translateFunctionCallStatement(stmt: FunctionCallStatement) {
+    internal fun translateFunctionCallStatement(stmt: PtFunctionCall) {
         saveXbeforeCall(stmt)
-        translateFunctionCall(stmt, false)
+        translateFunctionCall(stmt)
         restoreXafterCall(stmt)
         // just ignore any result values from the function call.
     }
 
-    internal fun saveXbeforeCall(stmt: IFunctionCall) {
-        val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
+    internal fun saveXbeforeCall(stmt: PtFunctionCall) {
+        val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(stmt.name)
+        val sub = symbol!!.astNode as IPtSubroutine
         if(sub.shouldSaveX()) {
-            val regSaveOnStack = sub.asmAddress==null       // rom-routines don't require registers to be saved on stack, normal subroutines do because they can contain nested calls
-            if(regSaveOnStack)
-                asmgen.saveRegisterStack(CpuRegister.X, sub.shouldKeepA().saveOnEntry)
-            else
-                asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, (stmt as Node).definingSubroutine!!)
+            if(sub is PtAsmSub) {
+                val regSaveOnStack = sub.address == null       // rom-routines don't require registers to be saved on stack, normal subroutines do because they can contain nested calls
+                if (regSaveOnStack)
+                    asmgen.saveRegisterStack(CpuRegister.X, sub.shouldKeepA().saveOnEntry)
+                else
+                    asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, stmt.definingISub()!!)
+            } else
+                asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, stmt.definingISub()!!)
         }
     }
 
-    internal fun restoreXafterCall(stmt: IFunctionCall) {
-        val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
+    internal fun restoreXafterCall(stmt: PtFunctionCall) {
+        val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(stmt.name)
+        val sub = symbol!!.astNode as IPtSubroutine
         if(sub.shouldSaveX()) {
-            val regSaveOnStack = sub.asmAddress==null       // rom-routines don't require registers to be saved on stack, normal subroutines do because they can contain nested calls
-            if(regSaveOnStack)
-                asmgen.restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.X, sub.shouldKeepA().saveOnReturn)
-            else
+            if(sub is PtAsmSub) {
+                val regSaveOnStack = sub.address == null       // rom-routines don't require registers to be saved on stack, normal subroutines do because they can contain nested calls
+                if (regSaveOnStack)
+                    asmgen.restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.X, sub.shouldKeepA().saveOnReturn)
+                else
+                    asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
+            } else
                 asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
         }
     }
 
-    internal fun optimizeIntArgsViaRegisters(sub: Subroutine) =
+    internal fun optimizeIntArgsViaRegisters(sub: PtSub) =
         (sub.parameters.size==1 && sub.parameters[0].type in IntegerDatatypes)
                 || (sub.parameters.size==2 && sub.parameters[0].type in ByteDatatypes && sub.parameters[1].type in ByteDatatypes)
 
-    internal fun translateFunctionCall(call: IFunctionCall, isExpression: Boolean) {
+    internal fun translateFunctionCall(call: PtFunctionCall) {
         // Output only the code to set up the parameters and perform the actual call
         // NOTE: does NOT output the code to deal with the result values!
         // NOTE: does NOT output code to save/restore the X register for this call! Every caller should deal with this in their own way!!
         //       (you can use subroutine.shouldSaveX() and saveX()/restoreX() routines as a help for this)
 
-        val sub = call.target.targetSubroutine(program) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${call.target}")
-        val subAsmName = asmgen.asmSymbolName(call.target)
+        val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(call.name)
+        val sub = symbol!!.astNode as IPtSubroutine
+        val subAsmName = asmgen.asmSymbolName(call.name)
 
-        if(sub.isAsmSubroutine) {
+        if(sub is PtAsmSub) {
             argumentsViaRegisters(sub, call)
             if (sub.inline && asmgen.options.optimize) {
                 // inline the subroutine.
@@ -70,16 +69,13 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                 // NOTE: *if* there is a return statement, it will be the only one, and the very last statement of the subroutine
                 // (this condition has been enforced by an ast check earlier)
                 asmgen.out("  \t; inlined routine follows: ${sub.name}")
-                sub.statements.forEach { asmgen.translate(it as InlineAssembly) }
+                sub.children.forEach { asmgen.translate(it as PtInlineAssembly) }
                 asmgen.out("  \t; inlined routine end: ${sub.name}")
             } else {
                 asmgen.out("  jsr  $subAsmName")
             }
         }
-        else {
-            if(sub.inline)
-                throw AssemblyError("can only reliably inline asmsub routines at this time")
-
+        else if(sub is PtSub) {
             if(optimizeIntArgsViaRegisters(sub)) {
                 if(sub.parameters.size==1) {
                     val register = if (sub.parameters[0].type in ByteDatatypes) RegisterOrPair.A else RegisterOrPair.AY
@@ -100,84 +96,82 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
             }
             asmgen.out("  jsr  $subAsmName")
         }
+        else throw AssemblyError("invalid sub type")
 
         // remember: dealing with the X register and/or dealing with return values is the responsibility of the caller
     }
 
-    private fun argumentsViaRegisters(sub: Subroutine, call: IFunctionCall) {
+    private fun argumentsViaRegisters(sub: PtAsmSub, call: PtFunctionCall) {
         if(sub.parameters.size==1) {
-            argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(0, sub.parameters.single()), call.args[0])
+            argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(0, sub.parameters.single().second), call.args[0])
         } else {
-            if(asmsub6502ArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk(call.args, sub.asmParameterRegisters)) {
+            if(asmsub6502ArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk(call.args, sub.parameters)) {
                 registerArgsViaCpuStackEvaluation(call, sub)
             } else {
                 asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder(sub).forEach {
                     val param = sub.parameters[it]
                     val arg = call.args[it]
-                    argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(it, param), arg)
+                    argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(it, param.second), arg)
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    private fun registerArgsViaCpuStackEvaluation(call: IFunctionCall, callee: Subroutine) {
+    private fun registerArgsViaCpuStackEvaluation(call: PtFunctionCall, callee: PtAsmSub) {
         // this is called when one or more of the arguments are 'complex' and
         // cannot be assigned to a register easily or risk clobbering other registers.
 
-        require(callee.isAsmSubroutine)
         if(callee.parameters.isEmpty())
             return
 
         // use the cpu hardware stack as intermediate storage for the arguments.
         val argOrder = asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder(callee)
         argOrder.reversed().forEach {
-            asmgen.pushCpuStack(callee.parameters[it].type, call.args[it])
+            asmgen.pushCpuStack(callee.parameters[it].second.type, call.args[it])
         }
         argOrder.forEach {
             val param = callee.parameters[it]
-            val targetVar = callee.searchParameter(param.name)!!
-            asmgen.popCpuStack(param.type, targetVar, (call as Node).definingSubroutine)
+            asmgen.popCpuStack(callee, param.second, param.first)
         }
     }
 
-    private fun argumentViaVariable(sub: Subroutine, parameter: SubroutineParameter, value: Expression) {
+    private fun argumentViaVariable(sub: PtSub, parameter: PtSubroutineParameter, value: PtExpression) {
         // pass parameter via a regular variable (not via registers)
-        val valueIDt = value.inferType(program)
-        val valueDt = valueIDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
-        if(!isArgumentTypeCompatible(valueDt, parameter.type))
+        if(!isArgumentTypeCompatible(value.type, parameter.type))
             throw AssemblyError("argument type incompatible")
 
-        val varName = asmgen.asmVariableName(sub.scopedName + parameter.name)
-        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, varName, parameter.type, sub)
+        val varName = asmgen.asmVariableName(sub.scopedName + "." + parameter.name)
+        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, varName, parameter.type)
     }
 
-    private fun argumentViaRegister(sub: Subroutine, parameter: IndexedValue<SubroutineParameter>, value: Expression, registerOverride: RegisterOrPair? = null) {
+    private fun argumentViaRegister(sub: IPtSubroutine, parameter: IndexedValue<PtSubroutineParameter>, value: PtExpression, registerOverride: RegisterOrPair? = null) {
         // pass argument via a register parameter
-        val valueIDt = value.inferType(program)
-        val valueDt = valueIDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
-        if(!isArgumentTypeCompatible(valueDt, parameter.value.type))
+        if(!isArgumentTypeCompatible(value.type, parameter.value.type))
             throw AssemblyError("argument type incompatible")
 
-        val paramRegister = if(registerOverride==null) sub.asmParameterRegisters[parameter.index] else RegisterOrStatusflag(registerOverride, null)
+        val paramRegister: RegisterOrStatusflag = when(sub) {
+            is PtAsmSub -> if(registerOverride==null) sub.parameters[parameter.index].first else RegisterOrStatusflag(registerOverride, null)
+            is PtSub -> RegisterOrStatusflag(registerOverride!!, null)
+        }
         val statusflag = paramRegister.statusflag
         val register = paramRegister.registerOrPair
         val requiredDt = parameter.value.type
-        if(requiredDt!=valueDt) {
-            if(valueDt largerThan requiredDt)
+        if(requiredDt!=value.type) {
+            if(value.type largerThan requiredDt)
                 throw AssemblyError("can only convert byte values to word param types")
         }
         if (statusflag!=null) {
-            if(requiredDt!=valueDt)
+            if(requiredDt!=value.type)
                 throw AssemblyError("for statusflag, byte value is required")
             if (statusflag == Statusflag.Pc) {
                 // this param needs to be set last, right before the jsr
                 // for now, this is already enforced on the subroutine definition by the Ast Checker
                 when(value) {
-                    is NumericLiteral -> {
+                    is PtNumber -> {
                         val carrySet = value.number.toInt() != 0
                         asmgen.out(if(carrySet) "  sec" else "  clc")
                     }
-                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                    is PtIdentifier -> {
                         val sourceName = asmgen.asmVariableName(value)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             pha
@@ -202,22 +196,25 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
         else {
             // via register or register pair
             register!!
-            if(requiredDt largerThan valueDt) {
+            if(requiredDt largerThan value.type) {
                 // we need to sign extend the source, do this via temporary word variable
-                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UBYTE, sub)
-                asmgen.signExtendVariableLsb("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", valueDt)
-                asmgen.assignVariableToRegister("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", register)
+                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UBYTE)
+                asmgen.signExtendVariableLsb("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", value.type)
+                asmgen.assignVariableToRegister("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", register, null, Position.DUMMY)
             } else {
+                val scope = value.definingISub()
                 val target: AsmAssignTarget =
                     if(parameter.value.type in ByteDatatypes && (register==RegisterOrPair.AX || register == RegisterOrPair.AY || register==RegisterOrPair.XY || register in Cx16VirtualRegisters))
-                        AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, parameter.value.type, sub, register = register)
+                        AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, parameter.value.type, scope, value.position, register = register)
                     else {
                         val signed = parameter.value.type == DataType.BYTE || parameter.value.type == DataType.WORD
-                        AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, signed, sub, asmgen)
+                        AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, signed, value.position, scope, asmgen)
                     }
-                val src = if(valueDt in PassByReferenceDatatypes) {
-                    if(value is IdentifierReference) {
-                        val addr = AddressOf(value, Position.DUMMY)
+                val src = if(value.type in PassByReferenceDatatypes) {
+                    if(value is PtIdentifier) {
+                        val addr = PtAddressOf(Position.DUMMY)
+                        addr.add(value)
+                        addr.parent = sub as PtNode
                         AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(addr, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
                     } else {
                         AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(value, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
@@ -225,7 +222,7 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                 } else {
                     AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(value, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
                 }
-                asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(AsmAssignment(src, target, false, program.memsizer, Position.DUMMY))
+                asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(AsmAssignment(src, target, program.memsizer, Position.DUMMY), scope)
             }
         }
     }

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/PostIncrDecrAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
-import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteral
-import prog8.ast.statements.PostIncrDecr
+import prog8.code.ast.PtIdentifier
+import prog8.code.ast.PtNumber
+import prog8.code.ast.PtPostIncrDecr
+import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
 import prog8.code.core.*
 
 
-internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
-    internal fun translate(stmt: PostIncrDecr) {
+internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram, private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal) {
+    internal fun translate(stmt: PtPostIncrDecr) {
         val incr = stmt.operator=="++"
         val targetIdent = stmt.target.identifier
-        val targetMemory = stmt.target.memoryAddress
-        val targetArrayIdx = stmt.target.arrayindexed
-        val scope = stmt.definingSubroutine
+        val targetMemory = stmt.target.memory
+        val targetArrayIdx = stmt.target.array
+        val scope = stmt.definingISub()
         when {
             targetIdent!=null -> {
                 val what = asmgen.asmVariableName(targetIdent)
-                when (stmt.target.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
+                when (stmt.target.type) {
                     in ByteDatatypes -> asmgen.out(if (incr) "  inc  $what" else "  dec  $what")
                     in WordDatatypes -> {
                         if(incr)
@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                 }
             }
             targetMemory!=null -> {
-                when (val addressExpr = targetMemory.addressExpression) {
-                    is NumericLiteral -> {
+                when (val addressExpr = targetMemory.address) {
+                    is PtNumber -> {
                         val what = addressExpr.number.toHex()
                         asmgen.out(if(incr) "  inc  $what" else "  dec  $what")
                     }
-                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                    is PtIdentifier -> {
                         val what = asmgen.asmVariableName(addressExpr)
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $what |  sta  (+) +1 |  lda  $what+1 |  sta  (+) +2")
                         if(incr)
@@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                 }
             }
             targetArrayIdx!=null -> {
-                val asmArrayvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(targetArrayIdx.arrayvar)
-                val elementDt = targetArrayIdx.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
-                val constIndex = targetArrayIdx.indexer.constIndex()
+                val asmArrayvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(targetArrayIdx.variable)
+                val elementDt = targetArrayIdx.type
+                val constIndex = targetArrayIdx.index.asConstInteger()
                 if(constIndex!=null) {
                     val indexValue = constIndex * program.memsizer.memorySize(elementDt)
                     when(elementDt) {

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/ProgramAndVarsGen.kt

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.code.*
+import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.AsmAssignTarget
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.TargetStorageKind
-import prog8.compiler.CallGraph
 import java.time.LocalDate
 import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
@@ -20,30 +18,26 @@ import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
  *  - all variables (note: VarDecl ast nodes are *NOT* used anymore for this! now uses IVariablesAndConsts data tables!)
  */
 internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
-    val program: Program,
+    val program: PtProgram,
     val options: CompilationOptions,
     val errors: IErrorReporter,
     private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
     private val functioncallAsmGen: FunctionCallAsmGen,
-    private val asmgen: AsmGen,
+    private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal,
     private val allocator: VariableAllocator,
     private val zeropage: Zeropage
 ) {
     private val compTarget = options.compTarget
-    private val callGraph = CallGraph(program, true)
-    private val blockVariableInitializers = program.allBlocks.associateWith { it.statements.filterIsInstance<Assignment>() }
+    private val blockVariableInitializers = program.allBlocks().associateWith { it.children.filterIsInstance<PtAssignment>() }
 
     internal fun generate() {
-        val allInitializers = blockVariableInitializers.asSequence().flatMap { it.value }
-        require(allInitializers.all { it.origin==AssignmentOrigin.VARINIT }) {"all block-level assignments must be a variable initializer"}
-
         header()
-        val allBlocks = program.allBlocks
+        val allBlocks = program.allBlocks()
         if(allBlocks.first().name != "main")
             throw AssemblyError("first block should be 'main'")
 
         if(errors.noErrors())  {
-            program.allBlocks.forEach { block2asm(it) }
+            program.allBlocks().forEach { block2asm(it) }
 
             // the global list of all floating point constants for the whole program
             asmgen.out("; global float constants")
@@ -71,7 +65,7 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         asmgen.out("; assembler syntax is for the 64tasm cross-assembler")
         asmgen.out("; output options: output=${options.output} launcher=${options.launcher} zp=${options.zeropage}")
         asmgen.out("")
-        asmgen.out(".cpu  '$cpu'\n.enc  'none'\n")
+        asmgen.out(".cpu  '$cpu'\n.enc  'none'")
 
         // the global prog8 variables needed
         val zp = zeropage
@@ -94,13 +88,13 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         when(options.output) {
             OutputType.RAW -> {
                 asmgen.out("; ---- raw assembler program ----")
-                asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}\n")
+                asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
             }
             OutputType.PRG -> {
                 when(options.launcher) {
                     CbmPrgLauncherType.BASIC -> {
                         if (options.loadAddress != options.compTarget.machine.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS) {
-                            errors.err("BASIC output must have load address ${options.compTarget.machine.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS.toHex()}", program.toplevelModule.position)
+                            errors.err("BASIC output must have load address ${options.compTarget.machine.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS.toHex()}", program.position)
                         }
                         asmgen.out("; ---- basic program with sys call ----")
                         asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
@@ -108,14 +102,14 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
                         asmgen.out("  .word  (+), $year")
                         asmgen.out("  .null  $9e, format(' %d ', prog8_entrypoint), $3a, $8f, ' prog8'")
                         asmgen.out("+\t.word  0")
-                        asmgen.out("prog8_entrypoint\t; assembly code starts here\n")
+                        asmgen.out("prog8_entrypoint\t; assembly code starts here")
                         if(!options.noSysInit)
                             asmgen.out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system")
                         asmgen.out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system_phase2")
                     }
                     CbmPrgLauncherType.NONE -> {
                         asmgen.out("; ---- program without basic sys call ----")
-                        asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}\n")
+                        asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
                         if(!options.noSysInit)
                             asmgen.out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system")
                         asmgen.out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system_phase2")
@@ -124,7 +118,7 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
             }
             OutputType.XEX -> {
                 asmgen.out("; ---- atari xex program ----")
-                asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}\n")
+                asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
                 if(!options.noSysInit)
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system")
                 asmgen.out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system_phase2")
@@ -168,68 +162,89 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
     }
 
     private fun memorySlabs() {
-        asmgen.out("; memory slabs")
-        asmgen.out("prog8_slabs\t.block")
-        for((name, info) in allocator.memorySlabs) {
-            if(info.second>1u)
-                asmgen.out("\t.align  ${info.second.toHex()}")
-            asmgen.out("$name\t.fill  ${info.first}")
+        if(symboltable.allMemorySlabs.isNotEmpty()) {
+            asmgen.out("; memory slabs\n  .section slabs_BSS")
+            asmgen.out("prog8_slabs\t.block")
+            for (slab in symboltable.allMemorySlabs) {
+                if (slab.align > 1u)
+                    asmgen.out("\t.align  ${slab.align.toHex()}")
+                asmgen.out("${slab.name}\t.fill  ${slab.size}")
+            }
+            asmgen.out("\t.bend\n  .send slabs_BSS")
         }
-        asmgen.out("\t.bend")
     }
 
     private fun footer() {
-        // program end
-        asmgen.out("prog8_program_end\t; end of program label for progend()")
+        asmgen.out("; bss sections")
+        if(options.varsHigh) {
+            if(options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_START == 0u || options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_END==0u) {
+                throw AssemblyError("current compilation target hasn't got the high ram area properly defined")
+            }
+            // BSS vars in high ram area, memory() slabs just concatenated at the end of the program.
+            if(symboltable.allMemorySlabs.isNotEmpty()) {
+                asmgen.out("  .dsection slabs_BSS")
+            }
+            asmgen.out("prog8_program_end\t; end of program label for progend()")
+            asmgen.out("  * = ${options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_START.toHex()}")
+            asmgen.out("prog8_bss_section_start")
+            asmgen.out("  .dsection BSS")
+            asmgen.out("  .cerror * >= ${options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_END.toHex()}, \"too many variables for BSS section\"")
+            asmgen.out("prog8_bss_section_size = * - prog8_bss_section_start")
+        } else {
+            // BSS vars followed by memory() slabs, concatenated at the end of the program.
+            asmgen.out("prog8_bss_section_start")
+            asmgen.out("  .dsection BSS")
+            asmgen.out("prog8_bss_section_size = * - prog8_bss_section_start")
+            if(symboltable.allMemorySlabs.isNotEmpty()) {
+                asmgen.out("  .dsection slabs_BSS")
+            }
+            asmgen.out("prog8_program_end\t; end of program label for progend()")
+        }
     }
 
-    private fun block2asm(block: Block) {
+    private fun block2asm(block: PtBlock) {
         asmgen.out("")
         asmgen.out("; ---- block: '${block.name}' ----")
         if(block.address!=null)
             asmgen.out("* = ${block.address!!.toHex()}")
         else {
-            if("align_word" in block.options())
+            if(block.alignment==PtBlock.BlockAlignment.WORD)
                 asmgen.out("\t.align 2")
-            else if("align_page" in block.options())
+            else if(block.alignment==PtBlock.BlockAlignment.PAGE)
                 asmgen.out("\t.align $100")
         }
 
-        asmgen.out("${block.name}\t" + (if("force_output" in block.options()) ".block\n" else ".proc\n"))
+        asmgen.out("${block.name}\t" + (if(block.forceOutput) ".block" else ".proc"))
         asmgen.outputSourceLine(block)
 
         createBlockVariables(block)
-        asmsubs2asm(block.statements)
+        asmsubs2asm(block.children)
 
         asmgen.out("")
-        asmgen.out("; subroutines in this block")
 
-        // First translate regular statements, and then put the subroutines at the end.
-        // (regular statements = everything except the initialization assignments;
-        // these will be part of the prog8_init_vars init routine generated below)
         val initializers = blockVariableInitializers.getValue(block)
-        val statements = block.statements.filterNot { it in initializers }
-        val (subroutine, stmts) = statements.partition { it is Subroutine }
-        stmts.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
-        subroutine.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
+        val notInitializers = block.children.filterNot { it in initializers }
+        notInitializers.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
 
-        if(!options.dontReinitGlobals) {
-            // generate subroutine to initialize block-level (global) variables
-            if (initializers.isNotEmpty()) {
-                asmgen.out("prog8_init_vars\t.block\n")
-                initializers.forEach { assign -> asmgen.translate(assign) }
-                asmgen.out("  rts\n  .bend")
+        // generate subroutine to initialize block-level (global) variables
+        if (initializers.isNotEmpty()) {
+            asmgen.out("prog8_init_vars\t.block")
+            initializers.forEach { assign ->
+                if((assign.value as? PtNumber)?.number != 0.0 || allocator.isZpVar(assign.target.identifier!!.name))
+                    asmgen.translate(assign)
+                // the other variables that should be set to zero are done so as part of the BSS section.
             }
+            asmgen.out("  rts\n  .bend")
         }
 
-        asmgen.out(if("force_output" in block.options()) "\n\t.bend\n" else "\n\t.pend\n")
+        asmgen.out(if(block.forceOutput) "\n\t.bend" else "\n\t.pend")
     }
 
     private fun getVars(scope: StNode): Map<String, StNode> =
         scope.children.filter { it.value.type in arrayOf(StNodeType.STATICVAR, StNodeType.CONSTANT, StNodeType.MEMVAR) }
 
-    private fun createBlockVariables(block: Block) {
-        val scope = symboltable.lookupOrElse(block.name) { throw AssemblyError("lookup") }
+    private fun createBlockVariables(block: PtBlock) {
+        val scope = symboltable.lookupUnscopedOrElse(block.name) { throw AssemblyError("lookup") }
         require(scope.type==StNodeType.BLOCK)
         val varsInBlock = getVars(scope)
 
@@ -253,18 +268,10 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         nonZpVariables2asm(variables)
     }
 
-    internal fun translateSubroutine(sub: Subroutine) {
-        var onlyVariables = false
-
+    internal fun translateAsmSubroutine(sub: PtAsmSub) {
         if(sub.inline) {
             if(options.optimize) {
-                if(sub.isAsmSubroutine || callGraph.unused(sub))
-                    return
-
-                // from an inlined subroutine only the local variables are generated,
-                // all other code statements are omitted in the subroutine itself
-                // (they've been inlined at the call site, remember?)
-                onlyVariables = true
+                return
             }
         }
 
@@ -272,7 +279,7 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
 
         val asmStartScope: String
         val asmEndScope: String
-        if(sub.definingBlock.options().contains("force_output")) {
+        if(sub.definingBlock()!!.forceOutput) {
             asmStartScope = ".block"
             asmEndScope = ".bend"
         } else {
@@ -280,105 +287,130 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
             asmEndScope = ".pend"
         }
 
-        if(sub.isAsmSubroutine) {
-            if(sub.asmAddress!=null)
-                return  // already done at the memvars section
+        if(sub.address!=null)
+            return  // already done at the memvars section
 
-            // asmsub with most likely just an inline asm in it
-            asmgen.out("${sub.name}\t$asmStartScope")
-            sub.statements.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
-            asmgen.out("  $asmEndScope\n")
+        // asmsub with most likely just an inline asm in it
+        asmgen.out("${sub.name}\t$asmStartScope")
+        sub.children.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
+        asmgen.out("  $asmEndScope")
+    }
+
+
+    internal fun translateSubroutine(sub: PtSub) {
+        asmgen.out("")
+
+        val asmStartScope: String
+        val asmEndScope: String
+        if(sub.definingBlock()!!.forceOutput) {
+            asmStartScope = ".block"
+            asmEndScope = ".bend"
         } else {
-            // regular subroutine
-            asmgen.out("${sub.name}\t$asmStartScope")
-
-            val scope = symboltable.lookupOrElse(sub.scopedName) { throw AssemblyError("lookup") }
-            require(scope.type==StNodeType.SUBROUTINE)
-            val varsInSubroutine = getVars(scope)
-
-            // Zeropage Variables
-            val varnames = varsInSubroutine.filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.STATICVAR }.map { it.value.scopedName }.toSet()
-            zeropagevars2asm(varnames)
-
-            // MemDefs and Consts
-            val mvs = varsInSubroutine
-                .filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.MEMVAR }
-                .map { it.value as StMemVar }
-            val consts = varsInSubroutine
-                .filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.CONSTANT }
-                .map { it.value as StConstant }
-            memdefsAndConsts2asm(mvs, consts)
-
-            asmsubs2asm(sub.statements)
-
-            // the main.start subroutine is the program's entrypoint and should perform some initialization logic
-            if(sub.name=="start" && sub.definingBlock.name=="main")
-                entrypointInitialization()
-
-            if(functioncallAsmGen.optimizeIntArgsViaRegisters(sub)) {
-                asmgen.out("; simple int arg(s) passed via register(s)")
-                if(sub.parameters.size==1) {
-                    val dt = sub.parameters[0].type
-                    val target = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, dt, sub, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[0].name)
-                    if(dt in ByteDatatypes)
-                        asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, target)
-                    else
-                        asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.AY, target)
-                } else {
-                    require(sub.parameters.size==2)
-                    // 2 simple byte args, first in A, second in Y
-                    val target1 = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, sub.parameters[0].type, sub, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[0].name)
-                    val target2 = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, sub.parameters[1].type, sub, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[1].name)
-                    asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, target1)
-                    asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.Y, target2)
-                }
-            }
-
-            if(!onlyVariables) {
-                asmgen.out("; statements")
-                sub.statements.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
-            }
-
-            asmgen.out("; variables")
-            val asmGenInfo = asmgen.subroutineExtra(sub)
-            for((dt, name, addr) in asmGenInfo.extraVars) {
-                if(addr!=null)
-                    asmgen.out("$name = $addr")
-                else when(dt) {
-                    DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("$name    .byte  0")
-                    DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("$name    .word  0")
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird dt")
-                }
-            }
-            if(asmGenInfo.usedRegsaveA)      // will probably never occur
-                asmgen.out("prog8_regsaveA     .byte  0")
-            if(asmGenInfo.usedRegsaveX)
-                asmgen.out("prog8_regsaveX     .byte  0")
-            if(asmGenInfo.usedRegsaveY)
-                asmgen.out("prog8_regsaveY     .byte  0")
-            if(asmGenInfo.usedFloatEvalResultVar1)
-                asmgen.out("$subroutineFloatEvalResultVar1    .byte  0,0,0,0,0")
-            if(asmGenInfo.usedFloatEvalResultVar2)
-                asmgen.out("$subroutineFloatEvalResultVar2    .byte  0,0,0,0,0")
-
-            // normal statically allocated variables
-            val variables = varsInSubroutine
-                .filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.STATICVAR && !allocator.isZpVar(it.value.scopedName) }
-                .map { it.value as StStaticVariable }
-            nonZpVariables2asm(variables)
-
-            asmgen.out("  $asmEndScope\n")
+            asmStartScope = ".proc"
+            asmEndScope = ".pend"
         }
+
+        asmgen.out("${sub.name}\t$asmStartScope")
+
+        val scope = symboltable.lookupOrElse(sub.scopedName) { throw AssemblyError("lookup") }
+        require(scope.type==StNodeType.SUBROUTINE)
+        val varsInSubroutine = getVars(scope)
+
+        // Zeropage Variables
+        val varnames = varsInSubroutine.filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.STATICVAR }.map { it.value.scopedName }.toSet()
+        zeropagevars2asm(varnames)
+
+        // MemDefs and Consts
+        val mvs = varsInSubroutine
+            .filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.MEMVAR }
+            .map { it.value as StMemVar }
+        val consts = varsInSubroutine
+            .filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.CONSTANT }
+            .map { it.value as StConstant }
+        memdefsAndConsts2asm(mvs, consts)
+
+        asmsubs2asm(sub.children)
+
+        // the main.start subroutine is the program's entrypoint and should perform some initialization logic
+        if(sub.name=="start" && sub.definingBlock()!!.name=="main")
+            entrypointInitialization()
+
+        if(functioncallAsmGen.optimizeIntArgsViaRegisters(sub)) {
+            asmgen.out("; simple int arg(s) passed via register(s)")
+            if(sub.parameters.size==1) {
+                val dt = sub.parameters[0].type
+                val target = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, dt, sub, sub.parameters[0].position, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[0].name)
+                if(dt in ByteDatatypes)
+                    asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, target)
+                else
+                    asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.AY, target)
+            } else {
+                require(sub.parameters.size==2)
+                // 2 simple byte args, first in A, second in Y
+                val target1 = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, sub.parameters[0].type, sub, sub.parameters[0].position, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[0].name)
+                val target2 = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, sub.parameters[1].type, sub, sub.parameters[1].position, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[1].name)
+                asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, target1)
+                asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.Y, target2)
+            }
+        }
+
+        asmgen.out("; statements")
+        sub.children.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
+
+        asmgen.out("; variables")
+        asmgen.out("    .section BSS")
+        val asmGenInfo = asmgen.subroutineExtra(sub)
+        for((dt, name, addr) in asmGenInfo.extraVars) {
+            if(addr!=null)
+                asmgen.out("$name = $addr")
+            else when(dt) {
+                DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("$name    .byte  ?")
+                DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("$name    .word  ?")
+                DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("$name    .fill  ${options.compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE}")
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("weird dt for extravar $dt")
+            }
+        }
+        if(asmGenInfo.usedRegsaveA)      // will probably never occur
+            asmgen.out("prog8_regsaveA     .byte  ?")
+        if(asmGenInfo.usedRegsaveX)
+            asmgen.out("prog8_regsaveX     .byte  ?")
+        if(asmGenInfo.usedRegsaveY)
+            asmgen.out("prog8_regsaveY     .byte  ?")
+        if(asmGenInfo.usedFloatEvalResultVar1)
+            asmgen.out("$subroutineFloatEvalResultVar1    .fill  ${options.compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE}")
+        if(asmGenInfo.usedFloatEvalResultVar2)
+            asmgen.out("$subroutineFloatEvalResultVar2    .fill  ${options.compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE}")
+        asmgen.out("  .send BSS")
+
+        // normal statically allocated variables
+        val variables = varsInSubroutine
+            .filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.STATICVAR && !allocator.isZpVar(it.value.scopedName) }
+            .map { it.value as StStaticVariable }
+        nonZpVariables2asm(variables)
+
+        asmgen.out("  $asmEndScope")
     }
 
     private fun entrypointInitialization() {
         asmgen.out("; program startup initialization")
-        asmgen.out("  cld")
-        if(!options.dontReinitGlobals) {
-            blockVariableInitializers.forEach {
-                if (it.value.isNotEmpty())
-                    asmgen.out("  jsr  ${it.key.name}.prog8_init_vars")
-            }
+        asmgen.out("  cld |  tsx |  stx  prog8_lib.orig_stackpointer    ; required for sys.exit()")
+        // set full BSS area to zero
+        asmgen.out("""
+    .if  prog8_bss_section_size>0
+    ; reset all variables in BSS section to zero
+	lda  #<prog8_bss_section_start
+	ldy  #>prog8_bss_section_start
+	sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+	sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+	ldx  #<prog8_bss_section_size
+	ldy  #>prog8_bss_section_size
+	lda  #0
+	jsr  prog8_lib.memset
+    .endif""")
+
+        blockVariableInitializers.forEach {
+            if (it.value.isNotEmpty())
+                asmgen.out("  jsr  ${it.key.name}.prog8_init_vars")
         }
 
         // string and array variables in zeropage that have initializer value, should be initialized
@@ -426,22 +458,21 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
             arrayVariable2asm(varname, it.alloc.dt, it.value, null)
         }
 
-        asmgen.out("""+       tsx
-                    stx  prog8_lib.orig_stackpointer    ; required for sys.exit()                    
-                    ldx  #255       ; init estack ptr
+        asmgen.out("""+        
+                    ldx  #127       ; init estack ptr (half page)
                     clv
                     clc""")
     }
 
     private class ZpStringWithInitial(
-        val name: List<String>,
-        val alloc: Zeropage.ZpAllocation,
+        val name: String,
+        val alloc: MemoryAllocator.VarAllocation,
         val value: Pair<String, Encoding>
     )
 
     private class ZpArrayWithInitial(
-        val name: List<String>,
-        val alloc: Zeropage.ZpAllocation,
+        val name: String,
+        val alloc: MemoryAllocator.VarAllocation,
         val value: StArray
     )
 
@@ -449,9 +480,10 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         val result = mutableListOf<ZpStringWithInitial>()
         val vars = allocator.zeropageVars.filter { it.value.dt==DataType.STR }
         for (variable in vars) {
-            val svar = symboltable.flat.getValue(variable.key) as StStaticVariable
-            if(svar.initialStringValue!=null)
-                result.add(ZpStringWithInitial(variable.key, variable.value, svar.initialStringValue!!))
+            val scopedName = variable.key
+            val svar = symboltable.flat.getValue(scopedName) as StStaticVariable
+            if(svar.onetimeInitializationStringValue!=null)
+                result.add(ZpStringWithInitial(scopedName, variable.value, svar.onetimeInitializationStringValue!!))
         }
         return result
     }
@@ -460,61 +492,94 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         val result = mutableListOf<ZpArrayWithInitial>()
         val vars = allocator.zeropageVars.filter { it.value.dt in ArrayDatatypes }
         for (variable in vars) {
-            val svar = symboltable.flat.getValue(variable.key) as StStaticVariable
-            if(svar.initialArrayValue!=null)
-                result.add(ZpArrayWithInitial(variable.key, variable.value, svar.initialArrayValue!!))
+            val scopedName = variable.key
+            val svar = symboltable.flat.getValue(scopedName) as StStaticVariable
+            if(svar.onetimeInitializationArrayValue!=null)
+                result.add(ZpArrayWithInitial(scopedName, variable.value, svar.onetimeInitializationArrayValue!!))
         }
         return result
     }
 
-    private fun zeropagevars2asm(varNames: Set<List<String>>) {
-        val zpVariables = allocator.zeropageVars.filter { it.key in varNames }
+    private fun zeropagevars2asm(varNames: Set<String>) {
+        val zpVariables = allocator.zeropageVars.filter { it.key in varNames }.toList().sortedBy { it.second.address }
         for ((scopedName, zpvar) in zpVariables) {
-            if (scopedName.size == 2 && scopedName[0] == "cx16" && scopedName[1][0] == 'r' && scopedName[1][1].isDigit())
+            if (scopedName.startsWith("cx16.r"))
                 continue        // The 16 virtual registers of the cx16 are not actual variables in zp, they're memory mapped
-            asmgen.out("${scopedName.last()} \t= ${zpvar.address} \t; zp ${zpvar.dt}")
+            asmgen.out("${scopedName.substringAfterLast('.')} \t= ${zpvar.address} \t; zp ${zpvar.dt}")
         }
     }
 
     private fun nonZpVariables2asm(variables: List<StStaticVariable>) {
         asmgen.out("")
-        asmgen.out("; non-zeropage variables")
-        val (stringvars, othervars) = variables.partition { it.dt==DataType.STR }
-        stringvars.forEach {
-            outputStringvar(it.name, it.initialStringValue!!.second, it.initialStringValue!!.first)
+        val (varsNoInit, varsWithInit) = variables.partition { it.uninitialized }
+        if(varsNoInit.isNotEmpty()) {
+            asmgen.out("; non-zeropage variables without initialization value")
+            asmgen.out("  .section BSS")
+            varsNoInit.sortedWith(compareBy<StStaticVariable> { it.name }.thenBy { it.dt }).forEach {
+                uninitializedVariable2asm(it)
+            }
+            asmgen.out("  .send BSS")
         }
-        othervars.sortedBy { it.type }.forEach {
-            staticVariable2asm(it)
+
+        if(varsWithInit.isNotEmpty()) {
+            asmgen.out("; non-zeropage variables")
+            val (stringvars, othervars) = varsWithInit.sortedBy { it.name }.partition { it.dt == DataType.STR }
+            stringvars.forEach {
+                outputStringvar(
+                    it.name,
+                    it.onetimeInitializationStringValue!!.second,
+                    it.onetimeInitializationStringValue!!.first
+                )
+            }
+            othervars.sortedBy { it.type }.forEach {
+                staticVariable2asm(it)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun uninitializedVariable2asm(variable: StStaticVariable) {
+        when (variable.dt) {
+            DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.byte  ?")
+            DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.char  ?")
+            DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.word  ?")
+            DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.sint  ?")
+            DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.fill  ${compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE}")
+            in ArrayDatatypes -> {
+                val numbytes = compTarget.memorySize(variable.dt, variable.length!!)
+                asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.fill  $numbytes")
+            }
+            else -> {
+                throw AssemblyError("weird dt")
+            }
         }
     }
 
     private fun staticVariable2asm(variable: StStaticVariable) {
-        val name = variable.name
         val initialValue: Number =
-            if(variable.initialNumericValue!=null) {
+            if(variable.onetimeInitializationNumericValue!=null) {
                 if(variable.dt== DataType.FLOAT)
-                    variable.initialNumericValue!!
+                    variable.onetimeInitializationNumericValue!!
                 else
-                    variable.initialNumericValue!!.toInt()
+                    variable.onetimeInitializationNumericValue!!.toInt()
             } else 0
 
         when (variable.dt) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("$name\t.byte  ${initialValue.toHex()}")
-            DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("$name\t.char  $initialValue")
-            DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("$name\t.word  ${initialValue.toHex()}")
-            DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("$name\t.sint  $initialValue")
+            DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.byte  ${initialValue.toHex()}")
+            DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.char  $initialValue")
+            DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.word  ${initialValue.toHex()}")
+            DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.sint  $initialValue")
             DataType.FLOAT -> {
                 if(initialValue==0) {
-                    asmgen.out("$name\t.byte  0,0,0,0,0  ; float")
+                    asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.byte  0,0,0,0,0  ; float")
                 } else {
                     val floatFill = compTarget.machine.getFloatAsmBytes(initialValue)
-                    asmgen.out("$name\t.byte  $floatFill  ; float $initialValue")
+                    asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.byte  $floatFill  ; float $initialValue")
                 }
             }
             DataType.STR -> {
                 throw AssemblyError("all string vars should have been interned into prog")
             }
-            in ArrayDatatypes -> arrayVariable2asm(name, variable.dt, variable.initialArrayValue, variable.length)
+            in ArrayDatatypes -> arrayVariable2asm(variable.name, variable.dt, variable.onetimeInitializationArrayValue, variable.length)
             else -> {
                 throw AssemblyError("weird dt")
             }
@@ -585,10 +650,10 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
     }
 
     private fun memdefsAndConsts2asm(memvars: Collection<StMemVar>, consts: Collection<StConstant>) {
-        memvars.forEach {
+        memvars.sortedBy { it.address }.forEach {
             asmgen.out("  ${it.name} = ${it.address.toHex()}")
         }
-        consts.forEach {
+        consts.sortedBy { it.name }.forEach {
             if(it.dt==DataType.FLOAT)
                 asmgen.out("  ${it.name} = ${it.value}")
             else
@@ -596,12 +661,12 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         }
     }
 
-    private fun asmsubs2asm(statements: List<Statement>) {
+    private fun asmsubs2asm(statements: List<PtNode>) {
         statements
-            .filter { it is Subroutine && it.isAsmSubroutine && it.asmAddress!=null }
+            .filter { it is PtAsmSub && it.address!=null }
             .forEach { asmsub ->
-                asmsub as Subroutine
-                asmgen.out("  ${asmsub.name} = ${asmsub.asmAddress!!.toHex()}")
+                asmsub as PtAsmSub
+                asmgen.out("  ${asmsub.name} = ${asmsub.address!!.toHex()}")
             }
     }
 
@@ -626,8 +691,8 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
                 if(it.number!=null) {
                     "$" + it.number!!.toInt().toString(16).padStart(4, '0')
                 }
-                else if(it.addressOf!=null) {
-                    asmgen.asmSymbolName(it.addressOf!!)
+                else if(it.addressOfSymbol!=null) {
+                    asmgen.asmSymbolName(it.addressOfSymbol!!)
                 }
                 else
                     throw AssemblyError("weird array elt")

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/VariableAllocator.kt

@@ -15,22 +15,15 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
 ) {
 
     private val zeropage = options.compTarget.machine.zeropage
-    private val memorySlabsInternal = mutableMapOf<String, Pair<UInt, UInt>>()
-    internal val memorySlabs: Map<String, Pair<UInt, UInt>> = memorySlabsInternal
     internal val globalFloatConsts = mutableMapOf<Double, String>()     // all float values in the entire program (value -> varname)
-    internal val zeropageVars: Map<List<String>, Zeropage.ZpAllocation> = zeropage.allocatedVariables
+    internal val zeropageVars: Map<String, MemoryAllocator.VarAllocation>
 
     init {
         allocateZeropageVariables()
+        zeropageVars = zeropage.allocatedVariables
     }
 
-    internal fun getMemorySlab(name: String) = memorySlabsInternal[name]
-
-    internal fun allocateMemorySlab(name: String, size: UInt, align: UInt) {
-        memorySlabsInternal[name] = Pair(size, align)
-    }
-
-    internal fun isZpVar(scopedName: List<String>) = scopedName in zeropage.allocatedVariables
+    internal fun isZpVar(scopedName: String) = scopedName in zeropageVars
 
     internal fun getFloatAsmConst(number: Double): String {
         val asmName = globalFloatConsts[number]
@@ -67,7 +60,7 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
                 variable.scopedName,
                 variable.dt,
                 variable.length,
-                variable.position,
+                variable.astNode.position,
                 errors
             )
             result.fold(
@@ -75,7 +68,7 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
                     numVariablesAllocatedInZP++
                 },
                 failure = {
-                    errors.err(it.message!!, variable.position)
+                    errors.err(it.message!!, variable.astNode.position)
                 }
             )
         }
@@ -86,7 +79,7 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
                     variable.scopedName,
                     variable.dt,
                     variable.length,
-                    variable.position,
+                    variable.astNode.position,
                     errors
                 )
                 result.onSuccess { numVariablesAllocatedInZP++ }
@@ -96,7 +89,8 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
             // try to allocate any other interger variables into the zeropage until it is full.
             // TODO some form of intelligent priorization? most often used variables first? loopcounter vars first? ...?
             if(errors.noErrors()) {
-                for (variable in varsDontCare.sortedBy { it.scopedName.size }) {
+                val sortedList = varsDontCare.sortedByDescending { it.scopedName }
+                for (variable in sortedList) {
                     if(variable.dt in IntegerDatatypes) {
                         if(zeropage.free.isEmpty()) {
                             break
@@ -105,7 +99,7 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
                                 variable.scopedName,
                                 variable.dt,
                                 variable.length,
-                                variable.position,
+                                variable.astNode.position,
                                 errors
                             )
                             result.onSuccess { numVariablesAllocatedInZP++ }
@@ -132,6 +126,6 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
             }
         }
         collect(st)
-        return vars
+        return vars.sortedBy { it.dt }
     }
 }

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/assignment/AsmAssignment.kt

@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.AssignTarget
-import prog8.ast.statements.Assignment
-import prog8.ast.statements.DirectMemoryWrite
-import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
+import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.AsmGen
+import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.AsmGen6502Internal
+import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.returnsWhatWhere
 
 
 internal enum class TargetStorageKind {
@@ -29,68 +25,65 @@ internal enum class SourceStorageKind {
 }
 
 internal class AsmAssignTarget(val kind: TargetStorageKind,
-                               private val asmgen: AsmGen,
+                               private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal,
                                val datatype: DataType,
-                               val scope: Subroutine?,
+                               val scope: IPtSubroutine?,
+                               val position: Position,
                                private val variableAsmName: String? = null,
-                               val array: ArrayIndexedExpression? = null,
-                               val memory: DirectMemoryWrite? = null,
+                               val array: PtArrayIndexer? = null,
+                               val memory: PtMemoryByte? = null,
                                val register: RegisterOrPair? = null,
-                               val origAstTarget: AssignTarget? = null
+                               val origAstTarget: PtAssignTarget? = null
                                )
 {
-    val constArrayIndexValue by lazy { array?.indexer?.constIndex()?.toUInt() }
+    val constArrayIndexValue by lazy { array?.index?.asConstInteger()?.toUInt() }
     val asmVarname: String by lazy {
         if (array == null)
             variableAsmName!!
         else
-            asmgen.asmVariableName(array.arrayvar)
+            asmgen.asmVariableName(array.variable)
     }
 
-    lateinit var origAssign: AsmAssignment
-
     init {
         if(register!=null && datatype !in NumericDatatypes)
             throw AssemblyError("register must be integer or float type")
     }
 
     companion object {
-        fun fromAstAssignment(assign: Assignment, program: Program, asmgen: AsmGen): AsmAssignTarget {
-            with(assign.target) {
-                val idt = inferType(program)
-                val dt = idt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
+        fun fromAstAssignment(target: PtAssignTarget, definingSub: IPtSubroutine?, asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal): AsmAssignTarget {
+            with(target) {
                 when {
                     identifier != null -> {
-                        val parameter = identifier!!.targetVarDecl(program)?.subroutineParameter
+                        val parameter = asmgen.findSubroutineParameter(identifier!!.name, asmgen)
                         if (parameter!=null) {
-                            val sub = parameter.definingSubroutine!!
-                            if (sub.isAsmSubroutine) {
-                                val reg = sub.asmParameterRegisters[sub.parameters.indexOf(parameter)]
+                            val sub = parameter.definingAsmSub()
+                            if (sub!=null) {
+                                val reg = sub.parameters.single { it.second===parameter }.first
                                 if(reg.statusflag!=null)
                                     throw AssemblyError("can't assign value to processor statusflag directly")
                                 else
-                                    return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, register=reg.registerOrPair, origAstTarget = this)
+                                    return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, type, definingSub, target.position, register=reg.registerOrPair, origAstTarget = this)
                             }
                         }
-                        return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, variableAsmName = asmgen.asmVariableName(identifier!!), origAstTarget =  this)
+                        return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, type, definingSub, target.position, variableAsmName = asmgen.asmVariableName(identifier!!), origAstTarget =  this)
                     }
-                    arrayindexed != null -> return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.ARRAY, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, array = arrayindexed, origAstTarget =  this)
-                    memoryAddress != null -> return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.MEMORY, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, memory =  memoryAddress, origAstTarget =  this)
+                    array != null -> return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.ARRAY, asmgen, type, definingSub, target.position, array = array, origAstTarget =  this)
+                    memory != null -> return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.MEMORY, asmgen, type, definingSub, target.position, memory =  memory, origAstTarget =  this)
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target")
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        fun fromRegisters(registers: RegisterOrPair, signed: Boolean, scope: Subroutine?, asmgen: AsmGen): AsmAssignTarget =
+        fun fromRegisters(registers: RegisterOrPair, signed: Boolean, pos: Position, scope: IPtSubroutine?, asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal): AsmAssignTarget =
                 when(registers) {
                     RegisterOrPair.A,
                     RegisterOrPair.X,
-                    RegisterOrPair.Y -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, if(signed) DataType.BYTE else DataType.UBYTE, scope, register = registers)
+                    RegisterOrPair.Y -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, if(signed) DataType.BYTE else DataType.UBYTE, scope, pos, register = registers)
                     RegisterOrPair.AX,
                     RegisterOrPair.AY,
-                    RegisterOrPair.XY -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, if(signed) DataType.WORD else DataType.UWORD, scope, register = registers)
+                    RegisterOrPair.XY -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, if(signed) DataType.WORD else DataType.UWORD, scope, pos, register = registers)
                     RegisterOrPair.FAC1,
-                    RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, DataType.FLOAT, scope, register = registers)
+                    RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, DataType.FLOAT, scope, pos, register = registers)
                     RegisterOrPair.R0,
                     RegisterOrPair.R1,
                     RegisterOrPair.R2,
@@ -106,75 +99,94 @@ internal class AsmAssignTarget(val kind: TargetStorageKind,
                     RegisterOrPair.R12,
                     RegisterOrPair.R13,
                     RegisterOrPair.R14,
-                    RegisterOrPair.R15 -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, if(signed) DataType.WORD else DataType.UWORD, scope, register = registers)
+                    RegisterOrPair.R15 -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, if(signed) DataType.WORD else DataType.UWORD, scope, pos, register = registers)
                 }
     }
+
+    fun isSameAs(left: PtExpression): Boolean =
+        when(kind) {
+            TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
+                val scopedName: String = if('.' in asmVarname)
+                    asmVarname
+                else {
+                    val scopeName = (scope as? PtNamedNode)?.scopedName
+                    if (scopeName == null) asmVarname else "$scopeName.$asmVarname"
+                }
+                left is PtIdentifier && left.name==scopedName
+            }
+            TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
+                left is PtArrayIndexer && left isSameAs array!!
+            }
+            TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> {
+                left isSameAs memory!!
+            }
+            TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, TargetStorageKind.STACK -> {
+                false
+            }
+        }
 }
 
 internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
-                               private val program: Program,
-                               private val asmgen: AsmGen,
+                               private val program: PtProgram,
+                               private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal,
                                val datatype: DataType,
                                private val variableAsmName: String? = null,
-                               val array: ArrayIndexedExpression? = null,
-                               val memory: DirectMemoryRead? = null,
+                               val array: PtArrayIndexer? = null,
+                               val memory: PtMemoryByte? = null,
                                val register: RegisterOrPair? = null,
-                               val number: NumericLiteral? = null,
-                               val expression: Expression? = null
+                               val number: PtNumber? = null,
+                               val expression: PtExpression? = null
 )
 {
     val asmVarname: String
         get() = if(array==null)
             variableAsmName!!
         else
-            asmgen.asmVariableName(array.arrayvar)
+            asmgen.asmVariableName(array.variable)
 
     companion object {
-        fun fromAstSource(value: Expression, program: Program, asmgen: AsmGen): AsmAssignSource {
-            val cv = value.constValue(program)
+        fun fromAstSource(value: PtExpression, program: PtProgram, asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal): AsmAssignSource {
+            val cv = value as? PtNumber
             if(cv!=null)
                 return AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.LITERALNUMBER, program, asmgen, cv.type, number = cv)
 
             return when(value) {
-                is NumericLiteral -> throw AssemblyError("should have been constant value")
-                is StringLiteral -> throw AssemblyError("string literal value should not occur anymore for asm generation")
-                is ArrayLiteral -> throw AssemblyError("array literal value should not occur anymore for asm generation")
-                is IdentifierReference -> {
-                    val parameter = value.targetVarDecl(program)?.subroutineParameter
-                    if(parameter!=null && parameter.definingSubroutine!!.isAsmSubroutine)
+                // checked above:   is PtNumber -> throw AssemblyError("should have been constant value")
+                is PtString -> throw AssemblyError("string literal value should not occur anymore for asm generation")
+                is PtArray -> throw AssemblyError("array literal value should not occur anymore for asm generation")
+                is PtIdentifier -> {
+                    val parameter = asmgen.findSubroutineParameter(value.name, asmgen)
+                    if(parameter?.definingAsmSub() != null)
                         throw AssemblyError("can't assign from a asmsub register parameter $value ${value.position}")
-                    val dt = value.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
                     val varName=asmgen.asmVariableName(value)
                     // special case: "cx16.r[0-15]" are 16-bits virtual registers of the commander X16 system
-                    if(dt == DataType.UWORD && varName.lowercase().startsWith("cx16.r")) {
+                    if(value.type == DataType.UWORD && varName.lowercase().startsWith("cx16.r")) {
                         val regStr = varName.lowercase().substring(5)
                         val reg = RegisterOrPair.valueOf(regStr.uppercase())
-                        AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, dt, register = reg)
+                        AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, value.type, register = reg)
                     } else {
-                        AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, dt, variableAsmName = varName)
+                        AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, value.type, variableAsmName = varName)
                     }
                 }
-                is DirectMemoryRead -> {
+                is PtMemoryByte -> {
                     AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.MEMORY, program, asmgen, DataType.UBYTE, memory = value)
                 }
-                is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
-                    val dt = value.inferType(program).getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
-                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.ARRAY, program, asmgen, dt, array = value)
+                is PtArrayIndexer -> {
+                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.ARRAY, program, asmgen, value.type, array = value)
                 }
-                is BuiltinFunctionCall -> {
-                    val returnType = value.inferType(program)
-                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, returnType.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }, expression = value)
+                is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> {
+                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, value.type, expression = value)
                 }
-                is FunctionCallExpression -> {
-                    val sub = value.target.targetSubroutine(program)!!
-                    val returnType = sub.returntypes.zip(sub.asmReturnvaluesRegisters).firstOrNull { rr -> rr.second.registerOrPair != null || rr.second.statusflag!=null }?.first
+                is PtFunctionCall -> {
+                    val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(value.name)
+                    val sub = symbol!!.astNode as IPtSubroutine
+                    val returnType = sub.returnsWhatWhere().firstOrNull { rr -> rr.first.registerOrPair != null || rr.first.statusflag!=null }?.second
                             ?: throw AssemblyError("can't translate zero return values in assignment")
 
                     AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, returnType, expression = value)
                 }
                 else -> {
-                    val returnType = value.inferType(program)
-                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, returnType.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }, expression = value)
+                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, value.type, expression = value)
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -199,17 +211,27 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
 }
 
 
-internal class AsmAssignment(val source: AsmAssignSource,
-                             val target: AsmAssignTarget,
-                             val isAugmentable: Boolean,
-                             memsizer: IMemSizer,
-                             val position: Position) {
-
+internal sealed class AsmAssignmentBase(val source: AsmAssignSource,
+                                        val target: AsmAssignTarget,
+                                        val memsizer: IMemSizer,
+                                        val position: Position) {
     init {
         if(target.register !in arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.XY, RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY))
-            require(source.datatype != DataType.UNDEFINED) { "must not be placeholder/undefined datatype" }
+            require(source.datatype != DataType.UNDEFINED) { "must not be placeholder/undefined datatype at $position" }
             require(memsizer.memorySize(source.datatype) <= memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)) {
-                "source dt size must be less or equal to target dt size at $position"
+                "source dt size must be less or equal to target dt size at $position srcdt=${source.datatype} targetdt=${target.datatype}"
             }
     }
 }
+
+internal class AsmAssignment(source: AsmAssignSource,
+                             target: AsmAssignTarget,
+                             memsizer: IMemSizer,
+                             position: Position): AsmAssignmentBase(source, target, memsizer, position)
+
+internal class AsmAugmentedAssignment(source: AsmAssignSource,
+                                      val operator: String,
+                                      target: AsmAssignTarget,
+                                      memsizer: IMemSizer,
+                                      position: Position): AsmAssignmentBase(source, target, memsizer, position)
+

codeGenCpu6502/test/Dummies.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package prog8tests.codegencpu6502
+
+import prog8.code.core.*
+
+
+internal object DummyMemsizer : IMemSizer {
+    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType) = when(dt) {
+        in ByteDatatypes -> 1
+        DataType.FLOAT -> 5
+        else -> 2
+    }
+    override fun memorySize(arrayDt: DataType, numElements: Int) = when(arrayDt) {
+        DataType.ARRAY_UW -> numElements*2
+        DataType.ARRAY_W -> numElements*2
+        DataType.ARRAY_F -> numElements*5
+        else -> numElements
+    }
+}
+
+internal object DummyStringEncoder : IStringEncoding {
+    override fun encodeString(str: String, encoding: Encoding): List<UByte> {
+        return emptyList()
+    }
+
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: Iterable<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String {
+        return ""
+    }
+}
+
+internal class ErrorReporterForTests(private val throwExceptionAtReportIfErrors: Boolean=true, private val keepMessagesAfterReporting: Boolean=false):
+    IErrorReporter {
+
+    val errors = mutableListOf<String>()
+    val warnings = mutableListOf<String>()
+
+    override fun err(msg: String, position: Position) {
+        val text = "${position.toClickableStr()} $msg"
+        if(text !in errors)
+            errors.add(text)
+    }
+
+    override fun warn(msg: String, position: Position) {
+        val text = "${position.toClickableStr()} $msg"
+        if(text !in warnings)
+            warnings.add(text)
+    }
+
+    override fun noErrors(): Boolean  = errors.isEmpty()
+
+    override fun report() {
+        warnings.forEach { println("UNITTEST COMPILATION REPORT: WARNING: $it") }
+        errors.forEach { println("UNITTEST COMPILATION REPORT: ERROR: $it") }
+        if(throwExceptionAtReportIfErrors)
+            finalizeNumErrors(errors.size, warnings.size)
+        if(!keepMessagesAfterReporting) {
+            clear()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun clear() {
+        errors.clear()
+        warnings.clear()
+    }
+}

codeGenCpu6502/test/TestCodegen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+package prog8tests.codegencpu6502
+
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import prog8.code.SymbolTableMaker
+import prog8.code.ast.*
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.C64Target
+import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.AsmGen6502
+import java.nio.file.Files
+import kotlin.io.path.Path
+
+class TestCodegen: FunSpec({
+
+    fun getTestOptions(): CompilationOptions {
+        val target = C64Target()
+        return CompilationOptions(
+            OutputType.RAW,
+            CbmPrgLauncherType.NONE,
+            ZeropageType.DONTUSE,
+            zpReserved = emptyList(),
+            floats = true,
+            noSysInit = false,
+            compTarget = target,
+            loadAddress = target.machine.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS
+        )
+    }
+
+    test("augmented assign on arrays") {
+//main {
+//    sub start() {
+//        ubyte[] particleX = [1,2,3]
+//        ubyte[] particleDX = [1,2,3]
+//        particleX[2] += particleDX[2]
+//
+//        word @shared xx = 1
+//        xx = -xx
+//        xx += 42
+//        xx += cx16.r0
+//    }
+//}
+        val codegen = AsmGen6502()
+        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val block = PtBlock("main", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(PtVariable("pi", DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 0.0, Position.DUMMY), null, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(PtVariable("particleX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, 3u, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(PtVariable("particleDX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, 3u, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(PtVariable("xx", DataType.WORD, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, PtNumber(DataType.WORD, 1.0, Position.DUMMY), null, Position.DUMMY))
+
+        val assign = PtAugmentedAssign("+=", Position.DUMMY)
+        val target = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            val targetIdx = PtArrayIndexer(DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY).also { idx ->
+                idx.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.particleX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, Position.DUMMY))
+                idx.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 2.0, Position.DUMMY))
+            }
+            it.add(targetIdx)
+        }
+        val value = PtArrayIndexer(DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        value.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.particleDX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, Position.DUMMY))
+        value.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 2.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        assign.add(target)
+        assign.add(value)
+        sub.add(assign)
+
+        val prefixAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("-", Position.DUMMY)
+        val prefixTarget = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        }
+        prefixAssign.add(prefixTarget)
+        prefixAssign.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(prefixAssign)
+
+        val numberAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("-=", Position.DUMMY)
+        val numberAssignTarget = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        }
+        numberAssign.add(numberAssignTarget)
+        numberAssign.add(PtNumber(DataType.WORD, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(numberAssign)
+
+        val cxregAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("+=", Position.DUMMY)
+        val cxregAssignTarget = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        }
+        cxregAssign.add(cxregAssignTarget)
+        cxregAssign.add(PtIdentifier("cx16.r0", DataType.UWORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(cxregAssign)
+
+        block.add(sub)
+        program.add(block)
+
+        // define the "cx16.r0" virtual register
+        val cx16block = PtBlock("cx16", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        cx16block.add(PtMemMapped("r0", DataType.UWORD, 100u, null, Position.DUMMY))
+        program.add(cx16block)
+
+        val options = getTestOptions()
+        val st = SymbolTableMaker(program, options).make()
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors)!!
+        result.name shouldBe "test"
+        Files.deleteIfExists(Path("${result.name}.asm"))
+    }
+})
+

codeGenExperimental/build.gradle

@@ -24,8 +24,9 @@ compileTestKotlin {
 }
 
 dependencies {
-    implementation project(':codeAst')
     implementation project(':codeCore')
+    implementation project(':intermediate')
+    implementation project(':codeGenIntermediate')
     implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8"
     // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect"
     implementation "com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:1.1.16"

codeGenExperimental/codeGenExperimental.iml

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
     <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="KotlinJavaRuntime" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="michael.bull.kotlin.result.jvm" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="codeAst" />
+    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="codeGenIntermediate" />
+    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="intermediate" />
     <orderEntry type="module" module-name="codeCore" />
   </component>
 </module>

codeGenExperimental/src/prog8/codegen/experimental/AsmGen.kt

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.codegen.experimental
-
-import prog8.code.SymbolTable
-import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
-import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.code.core.IAssemblyGenerator
-import prog8.code.core.IAssemblyProgram
-import prog8.code.core.IErrorReporter
-
-/*
-
-    NOTE: The goal is to keep the dependencies as lean as possible! For now, we depend only on:
-         - codeAst (the 'lean' new AST and the SymbolTable)
-         - codeCore (various base enums and interfaces)
-
-    This *should* be enough to build a complete code generator with. But we'll see :)
-
- */
-
-
-class AsmGen(internal val program: PtProgram,
-             internal val symbolTable: SymbolTable,
-             internal val options: CompilationOptions,
-             internal val errors: IErrorReporter
-): IAssemblyGenerator {
-
-    override fun compileToAssembly(): IAssemblyProgram? {
-
-        println("\n** experimental code generator **\n")
-
-        println("Writing AST into XML form...")
-        val xmlConv = AstToXmlConverter(program, symbolTable, options)
-        xmlConv.writeXml()
-
-        println("..todo: create assembly program into ${options.outputDir.toAbsolutePath()}..")
-
-        return AssemblyProgram("dummy")
-    }
-}

codeGenExperimental/src/prog8/codegen/experimental/AssemblyProgram.kt

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.codegen.experimental
-
-import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.code.core.IAssemblyProgram
-
-
-internal class AssemblyProgram(override val name: String) : IAssemblyProgram
-{
-    override fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions): Boolean {
-        println("..todo: assemble code into binary..")
-        return true
-    }
-}

codeGenExperimental/src/prog8/codegen/experimental/AstToXmlConverter.kt

@@ -1,668 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.codegen.experimental
-
-import prog8.code.*
-import prog8.code.ast.*
-import prog8.code.core.*
-import javax.xml.stream.XMLOutputFactory
-import kotlin.io.path.Path
-import kotlin.io.path.absolutePathString
-import kotlin.io.path.div
-
-/*
-
-    NOTE: The goal is to keep the dependencies as lean as possible! For now, we depend only on:
-         - codeAst (the 'lean' new AST and the SymbolTable)
-         - codeCore (various base enums and interfaces)
-
-    This *should* be enough to build a complete code generator with. But we'll see :)
-
- */
-
-
-class AstToXmlConverter(internal val program: PtProgram,
-                        internal val symbolTable: SymbolTable,
-                        internal val options: CompilationOptions
-) {
-
-    private lateinit var xml: IndentingXmlWriter
-
-    fun writeXml() {
-        val writer = (options.outputDir / Path(program.name+"-ast.xml")).toFile().printWriter()
-        xml = IndentingXmlWriter(XMLOutputFactory.newFactory().createXMLStreamWriter(writer))
-        xml.doc()
-        xml.elt("program")
-        xml.attr("name", program.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeOptions(options)
-        program.children.forEach { writeNode(it) }
-        writeSymboltable(symbolTable)
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.endDoc()
-        xml.close()
-    }
-
-    private fun writeSymboltable(st: SymbolTable) {
-        xml.elt("symboltable")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        st.flat.forEach{ (name, entry) ->
-            xml.elt("entry")
-            xml.attr("name", name.joinToString("."))
-            xml.attr("type", entry.type.name)
-            xml.startChildren()
-            writeStNode(entry)
-            xml.endElt()
-        }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun writeStNode(node: StNode) {
-        when(node.type) {
-            StNodeType.GLOBAL,
-            StNodeType.LABEL,
-            StNodeType.BLOCK,
-            StNodeType.BUILTINFUNC,
-            StNodeType.SUBROUTINE -> {/* no additional info*/}
-            StNodeType.ROMSUB -> {
-                node as StRomSub
-                xml.elt("romsub")
-                xml.attr("address", node.address.toString())
-                xml.endElt()
-            }
-            StNodeType.STATICVAR -> {
-                node as StStaticVariable
-                xml.elt("var")
-                xml.attr("type", node.dt.name)
-                xml.attr("zpwish", node.zpwish.name)
-                if(node.length!=null)
-                    xml.attr("length", node.length.toString())
-                if(node.initialNumericValue!=null || node.initialArrayValue!=null || node.initialStringValue!=null) {
-                    xml.startChildren()
-                    if(node.initialNumericValue!=null) {
-                        writeNumber(node.dt, node.initialNumericValue!!)
-                    }
-                    if(node.initialStringValue!=null) {
-                        xml.writeTextNode(
-                            "string",
-                            listOf(Pair("encoding", node.initialStringValue!!.second.name)),
-                            node.initialStringValue!!.first,
-                            false
-                        )
-                    }
-                    if(node.initialArrayValue!=null) {
-                        xml.elt("array")
-                        xml.startChildren()
-                        val eltDt = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(node.dt)
-                        node.initialArrayValue!!.forEach {
-                            if(it.number!=null) {
-                                writeNumber(eltDt, it.number!!)
-                            }
-                            if(it.addressOf!=null) {
-                                xml.elt("addressof")
-                                xml.attr("symbol", it.addressOf!!.joinToString("."))
-                                xml.endElt()
-                            }
-                        }
-                        xml.endElt()
-                    }
-                }
-                xml.endElt()
-            }
-            StNodeType.MEMVAR -> {
-                node as StMemVar
-                xml.writeTextNode("memvar",
-                    listOf(Pair("type", node.dt.name)),
-                    node.address.toString(),
-                    false)
-            }
-            StNodeType.CONSTANT -> {
-                node as StConstant
-                xml.writeTextNode("const",
-                    listOf(Pair("type", node.dt.name)),
-                    intOrDouble(node.dt, node.value).toString(),
-                    false)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun writeOptions(options: CompilationOptions) {
-        xml.elt("options")
-        xml.attr("target", options.compTarget.name)
-        xml.attr("output", options.output.name)
-        xml.attr("launcher", options.launcher.name)
-        xml.attr("zeropage", options.zeropage.name)
-        xml.attr("loadaddress", options.loadAddress.toString())
-        xml.attr("floatsenabled", options.floats.toString())
-        xml.attr("nosysinit", options.noSysInit.toString())
-        xml.attr("dontreinitglobals", options.dontReinitGlobals.toString())
-        xml.attr("optimize", options.optimize.toString())
-        if(options.evalStackBaseAddress!=null)
-            xml.attr("evalstackbase", options.evalStackBaseAddress!!.toString())
-        if(options.zpReserved.isNotEmpty()) {
-            xml.startChildren()
-            options.zpReserved.forEach {
-                xml.elt("zpreserved")
-                xml.attr("from", it.first.toString())
-                xml.attr("to", it.last.toString())
-                xml.endElt()
-            }
-        }
-        if(options.symbolDefs.isNotEmpty()) {
-            xml.startChildren()
-            options.symbolDefs.forEach { name, value ->
-                xml.elt("symboldef")
-                xml.attr("name", name)
-                xml.attr("value", value)
-                xml.endElt()
-            }
-        }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun writeNode(it: PtNode) {
-        when(it) {
-            is PtBlock -> write(it)
-            is PtSub -> write(it)
-            is PtVariable -> write(it)
-            is PtAssignment -> write(it)
-            is PtConstant -> write(it)
-            is PtAsmSub -> write(it)
-            is PtAddressOf -> write(it)
-            is PtArrayIndexer -> write(it)
-            is PtArray -> write(it)
-            is PtBinaryExpression -> write(it)
-            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> write(it)
-            is PtConditionalBranch -> write(it)
-            is PtContainmentCheck -> write(it)
-            is PtForLoop -> write(it)
-            is PtFunctionCall -> write(it)
-            is PtIdentifier -> write(it)
-            is PtIfElse -> write(it)
-            is PtInlineAssembly -> write(it)
-            is PtIncludeBinary -> write(it)
-            is PtJump -> write(it)
-            is PtMemoryByte -> write(it)
-            is PtMemMapped -> write(it)
-            is PtNumber -> write(it)
-            is PtPostIncrDecr -> write(it)
-            is PtPrefix -> write(it)
-            is PtRange -> write(it)
-            is PtRepeatLoop -> write(it)
-            is PtReturn -> write(it)
-            is PtString -> write(it)
-            is PtTypeCast -> write(it)
-            is PtWhen -> write(it)
-            is PtWhenChoice -> write(it)
-            is PtLabel -> write(it)
-            is PtNop -> {}
-            is PtBreakpoint -> write(it)
-            is PtScopeVarsDecls -> write(it)
-            is PtNodeGroup -> it.children.forEach { writeNode(it) }
-            else -> TODO("$it")
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun write(vars: PtScopeVarsDecls) {
-        xml.elt("vars")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        vars.children.forEach { writeNode(it) }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(breakPt: PtBreakpoint) {
-        xml.elt("breakpoint")
-        xml.pos(breakPt.position)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(array: PtArray) {
-        xml.elt("array")
-        xml.attr("type", array.type.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        array.children.forEach { writeNode(it) }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(prefix: PtPrefix) {
-        xml.elt("prefix")
-        xml.attr("op", prefix.operator)
-        xml.attr("type", prefix.type.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        xml.elt("value")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(prefix.value)
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(string: PtString) =
-        xml.writeTextNode("string", listOf(Pair("encoding", string.encoding.name)), string.value, false)
-
-    private fun write(rept: PtRepeatLoop) {
-        xml.elt("repeat")
-        xml.pos(rept.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        xml.elt("count")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(rept.count)
-        xml.endElt()
-        writeNode(rept.statements)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(branch: PtConditionalBranch) {
-        xml.elt("conditionalbranch")
-        xml.attr("condition", branch.condition.name)
-        xml.pos(branch.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        xml.elt("true")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(branch.trueScope)
-        xml.endElt()
-        if(branch.falseScope.children.isNotEmpty()) {
-            xml.elt("false")
-            xml.startChildren()
-            writeNode(branch.falseScope)
-            xml.endElt()
-        }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(check: PtContainmentCheck) {
-        xml.elt("containment")
-        xml.attr("type", check.type.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        xml.elt("element")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(check.children[0])
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.elt("iterable")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(check.children[1])
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(range: PtRange) {
-        xml.elt("range")
-        xml.attr("type", range.type.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        xml.elt("from")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(range.from)
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.elt("to")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(range.to)
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.elt("step")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(range.step)
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(forLoop: PtForLoop) {
-        xml.elt("for")
-        xml.attr("loopvar", strTargetName(forLoop.variable))
-        xml.pos(forLoop.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        xml.elt("iterable")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(forLoop.iterable)
-        xml.endElt()
-        writeNode(forLoop.statements)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(membyte: PtMemoryByte) {
-        xml.elt("membyte")
-        xml.attr("type", membyte.type.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        xml.elt("address")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(membyte.address)
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(whenStmt: PtWhen) {
-        xml.elt("when")
-        xml.pos(whenStmt.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        xml.elt("value")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(whenStmt.value)
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.elt("choices")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(whenStmt.choices)
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(choice: PtWhenChoice) {
-        xml.elt("choice")
-        if(choice.isElse) {
-            xml.attr("else", "true")
-            xml.startChildren()
-        } else {
-            xml.startChildren()
-            xml.elt("values")
-            xml.startChildren()
-            writeNode(choice.values)
-            xml.endElt()
-        }
-        writeNode(choice.statements)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(inlineAsm: PtInlineAssembly) {
-        xml.elt("assembly")
-        xml.pos(inlineAsm.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        xml.writeTextNode("code", emptyList(), inlineAsm.assembly)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(inlineBinary: PtIncludeBinary) {
-        xml.elt("binary")
-        xml.attr("filename", inlineBinary.file.absolutePathString())
-        if(inlineBinary.offset!=null)
-            xml.attr("offset", inlineBinary.offset!!.toString())
-        if(inlineBinary.length!=null)
-            xml.attr("length", inlineBinary.length!!.toString())
-        xml.pos(inlineBinary.position)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall) {
-        xml.elt("builtinfcall")
-        xml.attr("name", fcall.name)
-        if(fcall.void)
-            xml.attr("type", "VOID")
-        else
-            xml.attr("type", fcall.type.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        fcall.children.forEach { writeNode(it) }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(cast: PtTypeCast) {
-        xml.elt("cast")
-        xml.attr("type", cast.type.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(cast.value)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(aix: PtArrayIndexer) {
-        xml.elt("arrayindexed")
-        xml.attr("type", aix.type.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        write(aix.variable)
-        writeNode(aix.index)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(binexpr: PtBinaryExpression) {
-        xml.elt("binexpr")
-        xml.attr("op", binexpr.operator)
-        xml.attr("type", binexpr.type.name)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(binexpr.left)
-        writeNode(binexpr.right)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(addrof: PtAddressOf) {
-        xml.elt("addressof")
-        xml.attr("symbol", strTargetName(addrof.identifier))
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(fcall: PtFunctionCall) {
-        xml.elt("fcall")
-        xml.attr("name", strTargetName(fcall))
-        if(fcall.void)
-            xml.attr("type", "VOID")
-        else
-            xml.attr("type", fcall.type.name)
-        xml.pos(fcall.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        fcall.children.forEach { writeNode(it) }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(number: PtNumber) = writeNumber(number.type, number.number)
-
-    private fun writeNumber(type: DataType, number: Double) =
-        xml.writeTextNode("number", listOf(Pair("type", type.name)), intOrDouble(type, number).toString(), false)
-
-    private fun write(symbol: PtIdentifier) {
-        xml.elt("symbol")
-        xml.attr("name", strTargetName(symbol))
-        xml.attr("type", symbol.type.name)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(assign: PtAssignment) {
-        xml.elt("assign")
-        xml.pos(assign.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        write(assign.target)
-        writeNode(assign.value)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(ifElse: PtIfElse) {
-        xml.elt("ifelse")
-        xml.pos(ifElse.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        xml.elt("condition")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(ifElse.condition)
-        xml.endElt()
-        xml.elt("true")
-        xml.pos(ifElse.ifScope.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        writeNode(ifElse.ifScope)
-        xml.endElt()
-        if(ifElse.elseScope.children.isNotEmpty()) {
-            xml.elt("false")
-            xml.pos(ifElse.elseScope.position)
-            xml.startChildren()
-            writeNode(ifElse.elseScope)
-            xml.endElt()
-        }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(ret: PtReturn) {
-        xml.elt("return")
-        if(ret.hasValue) {
-            xml.startChildren()
-            writeNode(ret.value!!)
-        }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(incdec: PtPostIncrDecr) {
-        if(incdec.operator=="++") xml.elt("inc") else xml.elt("dec")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        write(incdec.target)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(label: PtLabel) {
-        xml.elt("label")
-        xml.attr("name", label.scopedName.joinToString("."))
-        xml.pos(label.position)
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(block: PtBlock) {
-        xml.elt("block")
-        xml.attr("name", block.scopedName.joinToString("."))
-        if(block.address!=null)
-            xml.attr("address", block.address!!.toString())
-        xml.attr("library", block.library.toString())
-        xml.pos(block.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        block.children.forEach { writeNode(it) }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(memMapped: PtMemMapped) {
-        xml.writeTextNode("memvar",
-            listOf(
-                Pair("name", memMapped.scopedName.joinToString(".")),
-                Pair("type", memMapped.type.name)
-            ),
-            memMapped.address.toString(),
-            false)
-    }
-
-    private fun write(target: PtAssignTarget) {
-        xml.elt("target")
-        xml.startChildren()
-        if(target.identifier!=null) {
-            writeNode(target.identifier!!)
-        } else if(target.memory!=null) {
-            writeNode(target.memory!!)
-        } else if(target.array!=null) {
-            writeNode(target.array!!)
-        } else
-            throw InternalCompilerException("weird assign target")
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(jump: PtJump) {
-        xml.elt("jump")
-        if(jump.identifier!=null) xml.attr("symbol", strTargetName(jump.identifier!!))
-        else if(jump.address!=null) xml.attr("address", jump.address!!.toString())
-        else if(jump.generatedLabel!=null) xml.attr("label", jump.generatedLabel!!)
-        else
-            throw InternalCompilerException("weird jump target")
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(sub: PtSub) {
-        xml.elt("sub")
-        xml.attr("name", sub.scopedName.joinToString("."))
-        if(sub.inline)
-            xml.attr("inline", "true")
-        xml.attr("returntype", sub.returntype?.toString() ?: "VOID")
-        xml.pos(sub.position)
-        xml.startChildren()
-        if(sub.parameters.isNotEmpty()) {
-            xml.elt("parameters")
-            xml.startChildren()
-            sub.parameters.forEach { write(it) }
-            xml.endElt()
-        }
-        sub.children.forEach { writeNode(it) }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(parameter: PtSubroutineParameter, registerOrStatusflag: RegisterOrStatusflag? = null) {
-        xml.elt("param")
-        xml.attr("name", parameter.name)
-        xml.attr("type", parameter.type.name)
-        if(registerOrStatusflag?.statusflag!=null) {
-            xml.attr("statusflag", registerOrStatusflag.statusflag!!.toString())
-        }
-        if(registerOrStatusflag?.registerOrPair!=null){
-            xml.attr("registers", registerOrStatusflag.registerOrPair!!.name)
-        }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-    private fun write(asmSub: PtAsmSub) {
-        if(asmSub.address!=null) {
-            xml.elt("romsub")
-            xml.attr("name", asmSub.scopedName.joinToString("."))
-            xml.attr("address", asmSub.address!!.toString())
-            if(asmSub.inline)
-                xml.attr("inline", "true")
-            xml.pos(asmSub.position)
-            xml.startChildren()
-            paramsEtcetera(asmSub)
-            xml.endElt()
-        }
-        else {
-            xml.elt("asmsub")
-            xml.attr("name", asmSub.scopedName.joinToString("."))
-            if(asmSub.inline)
-                xml.attr("inline", "true")
-            xml.pos(asmSub.position)
-            xml.startChildren()
-            paramsEtcetera(asmSub)
-            xml.elt("code")
-            xml.startChildren()
-            asmSub.children.forEach { writeNode(it) }
-            xml.endElt()
-            xml.endElt()
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun paramsEtcetera(asmSub: PtAsmSub) {
-        if(asmSub.parameters.isNotEmpty()) {
-            xml.elt("parameters")
-            xml.startChildren()
-            asmSub.parameters.forEach { (param, reg) -> write(param, reg) }
-            xml.endElt()
-        }
-        if(asmSub.clobbers.isNotEmpty()) {
-            xml.elt("clobbers")
-            xml.attr("registers", asmSub.clobbers.joinToString(",") { it.name })
-            xml.endElt()
-        }
-        if(asmSub.retvalRegisters.isNotEmpty()) {
-            xml.elt("returns")
-            xml.startChildren()
-            asmSub.retvalRegisters.forEach {
-                xml.elt("register")
-                if(it.statusflag!=null)
-                    xml.attr("statusflag", it.statusflag!!.toString())
-                if(it.registerOrPair!=null)
-                    xml.attr("registers", it.registerOrPair!!.toString())
-                xml.endElt()
-            }
-            xml.endElt()
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun write(constant: PtConstant) {
-        xml.writeTextNode("const",
-            listOf(
-                Pair("name", constant.scopedName.joinToString(".")),
-                Pair("type", constant.type.name)
-            ),
-            intOrDouble(constant.type, constant.value).toString(), false)
-    }
-
-    private fun write(variable: PtVariable) {
-        // the variable declaration nodes are still present in the Ast,
-        // but the Symboltable should be used look up their details.
-        xml.elt("vardecl")
-        xml.attr("name", variable.scopedName.joinToString("."))
-        xml.attr("type", variable.type.name)
-        if(variable.arraySize!=null)
-            xml.attr("arraysize", variable.arraySize.toString())
-        if(variable.value!=null) {
-            // static initialization value
-            xml.startChildren()
-            writeNode(variable.value!!)
-        }
-        xml.endElt()
-    }
-
-
-
-    private fun strTargetName(ident: PtIdentifier): String = ident.targetName.joinToString(".")
-
-    private fun strTargetName(call: PtFunctionCall): String = call.functionName.joinToString(".")
-
-    private fun intOrDouble(type: DataType, value: Double): Number =
-        if(type in IntegerDatatypes) value.toInt() else value
-}

codeGenExperimental/src/prog8/codegen/experimental/ExperiCodeGen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package prog8.codegen.experimental
+
+import prog8.code.SymbolTable
+import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.codegen.intermediate.IRCodeGen
+import prog8.intermediate.IRFileWriter
+
+class ExperiCodeGen: ICodeGeneratorBackend {
+    override fun generate(
+        program: PtProgram,
+        symbolTable: SymbolTable,
+        options: CompilationOptions,
+        errors: IErrorReporter
+    ): IAssemblyProgram? {
+
+        // you could write a code generator directly on the PtProgram AST,
+        // but you can also use the Intermediate Representation to build a codegen on:
+        val irCodeGen = IRCodeGen(program, symbolTable, options, errors)
+        val irProgram = irCodeGen.generate()
+
+        // this stub only writes the IR program to disk but doesn't generate anything else.
+        IRFileWriter(irProgram, null).write()
+
+        println("** experimental codegen stub: no assembly generated **")
+        return null
+    }
+}

codeGenExperimental/src/prog8/codegen/experimental/IndentingXmlWriter.kt

@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.codegen.experimental
-
-import prog8.code.core.Position
-import java.util.*
-import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamWriter
-
-class IndentingXmlWriter(val xml: XMLStreamWriter): XMLStreamWriter by xml {
-    private var indent = 0
-    private var content = Stack<Boolean>()
-
-    fun doc(version: String? = null) = if(version==null) writeStartDocument() else writeStartDocument(version)
-    fun endDoc() = writeEndDocument()
-    fun elt(name: String) = writeStartElement(name)
-    fun attr(name: String, value: String) = writeAttribute(name, value)
-    fun attrs(attributes: List<Pair<String, String>>) = attributes.forEach { writeAttribute(it.first, it.second) }
-    fun startChildren() {
-        xml.writeCharacters("\n")
-        content.pop()
-        content.push(true)
-    }
-    fun endElt(writeIndent: Boolean=true) = writeEndElement(writeIndent)
-    fun pos(pos: Position) = writeAttribute("src", pos.toString())
-    fun comment(text: String) {
-        writeComment(text)
-        writeCharacters("\n")
-    }
-
-    override fun writeStartDocument() {
-        xml.writeStartDocument()
-        xml.writeCharacters("\n")
-        content.push(true)
-    }
-
-    override fun writeStartDocument(version: String) {
-        xml.writeStartDocument(version)
-        xml.writeCharacters("\n")
-        content.push(true)
-    }
-
-    override fun writeEndDocument() {
-        xml.writeEndDocument()
-        xml.writeCharacters("\n")
-        require(indent==0)
-        require(content.size==1)
-    }
-
-    override fun writeStartElement(name: String) {
-        xml.writeCharacters("  ".repeat(indent))
-        xml.writeStartElement(name)
-        indent++
-        content.push(false)
-    }
-
-    override fun writeStartElement(name: String, ns: String) {
-        xml.writeCharacters("  ".repeat(indent))
-        xml.writeStartElement(name, ns)
-        indent++
-        content.push(false)
-    }
-
-    fun writeEndElement(writeIndents: Boolean) {
-        indent--
-        if(content.pop() && writeIndents)
-            xml.writeCharacters("  ".repeat(indent))
-        xml.writeEndElement()
-        xml.writeCharacters("\n")
-    }
-
-    override fun writeEndElement() = writeEndElement(true)
-
-    override fun writeStartElement(name: String, ns: String, p2: String) {
-        xml.writeCharacters("  ".repeat(indent))
-        xml.writeStartElement(name, ns, p2)
-        indent++
-        content.push(false)
-    }
-
-    fun writeTextNode(name: String, attrs: List<Pair<String, String>>, text: String, cdata: Boolean = true) {
-        xml.writeCharacters("  ".repeat(indent))
-        xml.writeStartElement(name)
-        attrs.forEach { (name, value) -> xml.writeAttribute(name, value) }
-        if(cdata)
-            xml.writeCData(text)
-        else
-            xml.writeCharacters(text)
-        xml.writeEndElement()
-        xml.writeCharacters("\n")
-    }
-}

codeGenIntermediate/build.gradle

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ plugins {
     id 'java'
     id 'application'
     id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm"
-    id "io.kotest" version "0.3.9"
 }
 
 java {
@@ -25,14 +24,13 @@ compileTestKotlin {
 }
 
 dependencies {
-    implementation project(':codeAst')
     implementation project(':codeCore')
-    implementation project(':virtualmachine')
+    implementation project(':intermediate')
     implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8"
     // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect"
     implementation "com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:1.1.16"
 
-    testImplementation 'io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5-jvm:5.3.2'
+    testImplementation 'io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5-jvm:5.5.5'
 }
 
 sourceSets {
@@ -62,4 +60,4 @@ test {
     testLogging {
         events "skipped", "failed"
     }
-}
+}

codeGenIntermediate/codeGenIntermediate.iml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module type="JAVA_MODULE" version="4">
+  <component name="NewModuleRootManager" inherit-compiler-output="true">
+    <exclude-output />
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src" isTestSource="false" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/test" isTestSource="true" />
+      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build" />
+    </content>
+    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
+    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="KotlinJavaRuntime" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="codeCore" />
+    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="intermediate" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="io.kotest.assertions.core.jvm" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="io.kotest.runner.junit5.jvm" level="project" />
+  </component>
+</module>

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/AssignmentGen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+package prog8.codegen.intermediate
+
+import prog8.code.ast.*
+import prog8.code.core.AssemblyError
+import prog8.code.core.DataType
+import prog8.code.core.PrefixOperators
+import prog8.code.core.SignedDatatypes
+import prog8.intermediate.*
+
+internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val expressionEval: ExpressionGen) {
+
+    internal fun translate(assignment: PtAssignment): IRCodeChunks {
+        if(assignment.target.children.single() is PtMachineRegister)
+            throw AssemblyError("assigning to a register should be done by just evaluating the expression into resultregister")
+
+        return translateRegularAssign(assignment)
+    }
+
+    internal fun translate(augAssign: PtAugmentedAssign): IRCodeChunks {
+        if(augAssign.target.children.single() is PtMachineRegister)
+            throw AssemblyError("assigning to a register should be done by just evaluating the expression into resultregister")
+
+        val ident = augAssign.target.identifier
+        val memory = augAssign.target.memory
+        val array = augAssign.target.array
+
+        return if(ident!=null) {
+            assignVarAugmented(ident.name, augAssign)
+        } else if(memory != null) {
+            if(memory.address is PtNumber)
+                assignMemoryAugmented((memory.address as PtNumber).number.toInt(), augAssign)
+            else
+                fallbackAssign(augAssign)
+        } else if(array!=null) {
+            // NOTE: naive fallback assignment here will sometimes generate code that loads the index value multiple times
+            // in a register. It's way too much work to optimize that here - instead, we trust that the generated IL assembly
+            // will be optimized later and have the double assignments removed.
+            fallbackAssign(augAssign)
+        } else {
+            fallbackAssign(augAssign)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun assignMemoryAugmented(
+        address: Int,
+        assignment: PtAugmentedAssign
+    ): IRCodeChunks {
+        val value = assignment.value
+        val vmDt = codeGen.irType(value.type)
+        return when(assignment.operator) {
+            "+" -> expressionEval.operatorPlusInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "-" -> expressionEval.operatorMinusInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "*" -> expressionEval.operatorMultiplyInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "/" -> expressionEval.operatorDivideInplace(address, null, vmDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            "|" -> expressionEval.operatorOrInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "&" -> expressionEval.operatorAndInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "^" -> expressionEval.operatorXorInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "<<" -> expressionEval.operatorShiftLeftInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            ">>" -> expressionEval.operatorShiftRightInplace(address, null, vmDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            "%=" -> expressionEval.operatorModuloInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "==" -> expressionEval.operatorEqualsInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "!=" -> expressionEval.operatorNotEqualsInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "<" -> expressionEval.operatorLessInplace(address, null, vmDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            ">" -> expressionEval.operatorGreaterInplace(address, null, vmDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            "<=" -> expressionEval.operatorLessEqualInplace(address, null, vmDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            ">=" -> expressionEval.operatorGreaterEqualInplace(address, null, vmDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            in PrefixOperators -> inplacePrefix(assignment.operator, vmDt, address, null)
+
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid augmented assign operator ${assignment.operator}")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun assignVarAugmented(symbol: String, assignment: PtAugmentedAssign): IRCodeChunks {
+        val value = assignment.value
+        val targetDt = codeGen.irType(assignment.target.type)
+        return when (assignment.operator) {
+            "+=" -> expressionEval.operatorPlusInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
+            "-=" -> expressionEval.operatorMinusInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
+            "*=" -> expressionEval.operatorMultiplyInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
+            "/=" -> expressionEval.operatorDivideInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            "|=" -> expressionEval.operatorOrInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
+            "&=" -> expressionEval.operatorAndInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
+            "^=" -> expressionEval.operatorXorInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
+            "<<=" -> expressionEval.operatorShiftLeftInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
+            ">>=" -> expressionEval.operatorShiftRightInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            "%=" -> expressionEval.operatorModuloInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
+            "==" -> expressionEval.operatorEqualsInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
+            "!=" -> expressionEval.operatorNotEqualsInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value)
+            "<" -> expressionEval.operatorLessInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            ">" -> expressionEval.operatorGreaterInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            "<=" -> expressionEval.operatorLessEqualInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            ">=" -> expressionEval.operatorGreaterEqualInplace(null, symbol, targetDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            in PrefixOperators -> inplacePrefix(assignment.operator, targetDt, null, symbol)
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid augmented assign operator ${assignment.operator}")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun fallbackAssign(origAssign: PtAugmentedAssign): IRCodeChunks {
+        if (codeGen.options.slowCodegenWarnings)
+            codeGen.errors.warn("indirect code for in-place assignment", origAssign.position)
+        val value: PtExpression
+        if(origAssign.operator in PrefixOperators) {
+            value = PtPrefix(origAssign.operator, origAssign.value.type, origAssign.value.position)
+            value.add(origAssign.value)
+        } else {
+            require(origAssign.operator.endsWith('='))
+            if(codeGen.options.useNewExprCode) {
+                // X += Y  ->   temp = X,  temp += Y,  X = temp
+                val tempvar = codeGen.getReusableTempvar(origAssign.definingSub()!!, origAssign.target.type)
+                val assign = PtAssignment(origAssign.position)
+                val target = PtAssignTarget(origAssign.position)
+                target.add(tempvar)
+                assign.add(target)
+                assign.add(origAssign.target.children.single())
+                val augAssign = PtAugmentedAssign(origAssign.operator, origAssign.position)
+                augAssign.add(target)
+                augAssign.add(origAssign.value)
+                val assignBack = PtAssignment(origAssign.position)
+                assignBack.add(origAssign.target)
+                assignBack.add(tempvar)
+                return translateRegularAssign(assign) + translate(augAssign) + translateRegularAssign(assignBack)
+            } else {
+                value = PtBinaryExpression(origAssign.operator.dropLast(1), origAssign.value.type, origAssign.value.position)
+                val left: PtExpression = origAssign.target.children.single() as PtExpression
+                value.add(left)
+                value.add(origAssign.value)
+            }
+        }
+        val normalAssign = PtAssignment(origAssign.position)
+        normalAssign.add(origAssign.target)
+        normalAssign.add(value)
+        return translateRegularAssign(normalAssign)
+    }
+
+    private fun inplacePrefix(operator: String, vmDt: IRDataType, address: Int?, symbol: String?): IRCodeChunks {
+        val code= IRCodeChunk(null, null)
+        when(operator) {
+            "+" -> { }
+            "-" -> {
+                code += if(address!=null)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.NEGM, vmDt, value = address)
+                else
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.NEGM, vmDt, labelSymbol = symbol)
+            }
+            "~" -> {
+                val regMask = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                val mask = if(vmDt==IRDataType.BYTE) 0x00ff else 0xffff
+                code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=regMask, value = mask)
+                code += if(address!=null)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.XORM, vmDt, reg1=regMask, value = address)
+                else
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.XORM, vmDt, reg1=regMask, labelSymbol = symbol)
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird prefix operator")
+        }
+        return listOf(code)
+    }
+
+    private fun translateRegularAssign(assignment: PtAssignment): IRCodeChunks {
+        // note: assigning array and string values is done via an explicit memcopy/stringcopy function call.
+        val targetIdent = assignment.target.identifier
+        val targetMemory = assignment.target.memory
+        val targetArray = assignment.target.array
+        val vmDt = codeGen.irType(assignment.value.type)
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+
+        var valueRegister = -1
+        var valueFpRegister = -1
+        val zero = codeGen.isZero(assignment.value)
+        if(!zero) {
+            // calculate the assignment value
+            if (vmDt == IRDataType.FLOAT) {
+                val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(assignment.value)
+                valueFpRegister = tr.resultFpReg
+                addToResult(result, tr, -1, valueFpRegister)
+            } else {
+                if (assignment.value is PtMachineRegister) {
+                    valueRegister = (assignment.value as PtMachineRegister).register
+                } else {
+                    val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(assignment.value)
+                    valueRegister = tr.resultReg
+                    addToResult(result, tr, valueRegister, -1)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if(targetIdent!=null) {
+            val instruction = if(zero) {
+                IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, vmDt, labelSymbol = targetIdent.name)
+            } else {
+                if (vmDt == IRDataType.FLOAT) {
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, fpReg1 = valueFpRegister, labelSymbol = targetIdent.name)
+                }
+                else
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = valueRegister, labelSymbol = targetIdent.name)
+            }
+            result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += instruction }
+            return result
+        }
+        else if(targetArray!=null) {
+            val variable = targetArray.variable.name
+            val itemsize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(targetArray.type)
+
+            if(targetArray.variable.type==DataType.UWORD) {
+                // indexing a pointer var instead of a real array or string
+                if(itemsize!=1)
+                    throw AssemblyError("non-array var indexing requires bytes dt")
+                if(targetArray.index.type!=DataType.UBYTE)
+                    throw AssemblyError("non-array var indexing requires bytes index")
+                val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(targetArray.index)
+                val idxReg = tr.resultReg
+                addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+                val code = IRCodeChunk(null, null)
+                if(zero) {
+                    // there's no STOREZIX instruction
+                    valueRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                    code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=valueRegister, value=0)
+                }
+                code += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREIX, vmDt, reg1=valueRegister, reg2=idxReg, labelSymbol = variable)
+                result += code
+                return result
+            }
+
+            val fixedIndex = constIntValue(targetArray.index)
+            if(zero) {
+                if(fixedIndex!=null) {
+                    val offset = fixedIndex*itemsize
+                    val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, vmDt, labelSymbol = "$variable+$offset") }
+                    result += chunk
+                } else {
+                    val (code, indexReg) = loadIndexReg(targetArray, itemsize)
+                    result += code
+                    result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZX, vmDt, reg1=indexReg, labelSymbol = variable) }
+                }
+            } else {
+                if(vmDt== IRDataType.FLOAT) {
+                    if(fixedIndex!=null) {
+                        val offset = fixedIndex*itemsize
+                        val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, fpReg1 = valueFpRegister, labelSymbol = "$variable+$offset") }
+                        result += chunk
+                    } else {
+                        val (code, indexReg) = loadIndexReg(targetArray, itemsize)
+                        result += code
+                        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREX, vmDt, reg1 = indexReg, fpReg1 = valueFpRegister, labelSymbol = variable) }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if(fixedIndex!=null) {
+                        val offset = fixedIndex*itemsize
+                        val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = valueRegister, labelSymbol = "$variable+$offset") }
+                        result += chunk
+                    } else {
+                        val (code, indexReg) = loadIndexReg(targetArray, itemsize)
+                        result += code
+                        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREX, vmDt, reg1 = valueRegister, reg2=indexReg, labelSymbol = variable) }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return result
+        }
+        else if(targetMemory!=null) {
+            require(vmDt== IRDataType.BYTE) { "must be byte type ${targetMemory.position}"}
+            if(zero) {
+                if(targetMemory.address is PtNumber) {
+                    val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, vmDt, value=(targetMemory.address as PtNumber).number.toInt()) }
+                    result += chunk
+                } else {
+                    val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(targetMemory.address)
+                    val addressReg = tr.resultReg
+                    addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+                    result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZI, vmDt, reg1=addressReg) }
+                }
+            } else {
+                if(targetMemory.address is PtNumber) {
+                    val chunk = IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1=valueRegister, value=(targetMemory.address as PtNumber).number.toInt()) }
+                    result += chunk
+                } else {
+                    val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(targetMemory.address)
+                    val addressReg = tr.resultReg
+                    addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+                    result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREI, vmDt, reg1=valueRegister, reg2=addressReg) }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return result
+        }
+        else
+            throw AssemblyError("weird assigntarget")
+    }
+
+    private fun loadIndexReg(array: PtArrayIndexer, itemsize: Int): Pair<IRCodeChunks, Int> {
+        // returns the code to load the Index into the register, which is also return\ed.
+
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        if(itemsize==1) {
+            val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(array.index)
+            addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+            return Pair(result, tr.resultReg)
+        }
+
+        if(codeGen.options.useNewExprCode) {
+            val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(array.index)
+            result += tr.chunks
+            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.MUL, tr.dt, reg1=tr.resultReg, value = itemsize), null)
+            return Pair(result, tr.resultReg)
+        } else {
+            val mult: PtExpression
+            mult = PtBinaryExpression("*", DataType.UBYTE, array.position)
+            mult.children += array.index
+            mult.children += PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, itemsize.toDouble(), array.position)
+            val tr = expressionEval.translateExpression(mult)
+            addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+            return Pair(result, tr.resultReg)
+        }
+    }
+}

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/BuiltinFuncGen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+package prog8.codegen.intermediate
+
+import prog8.code.StStaticVariable
+import prog8.code.ast.*
+import prog8.code.core.AssemblyError
+import prog8.code.core.DataType
+import prog8.intermediate.*
+
+
+internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGen: ExpressionGen) {
+
+    fun translate(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        return when(call.name) {
+            "any" -> funcAny(call)
+            "all" -> funcAll(call)
+            "abs" -> funcAbs(call)
+            "cmp" -> funcCmp(call)
+            "sgn" -> funcSgn(call)
+            "sqrt16" -> funcSqrt16(call)
+            "divmod" -> funcDivmod(call, IRDataType.BYTE)
+            "divmodw" -> funcDivmod(call, IRDataType.WORD)
+            "pop" -> funcPop(call)
+            "popw" -> funcPopw(call)
+            "push" -> funcPush(call)
+            "pushw" -> funcPushw(call)
+            "rsave",
+            "rsavex",
+            "rrestore",
+            "rrestorex" -> ExpressionCodeResult.EMPTY  // vm doesn't have registers to save/restore
+            "callfar" -> throw AssemblyError("callfar() is for cx16 target only")
+            "msb" -> funcMsb(call)
+            "lsb" -> funcLsb(call)
+            "memory" -> funcMemory(call)
+            "peek" -> funcPeek(call)
+            "peekw" -> funcPeekW(call)
+            "poke" -> funcPoke(call)
+            "pokew" -> funcPokeW(call)
+            "pokemon" -> ExpressionCodeResult.EMPTY     // easter egg function
+            "mkword" -> funcMkword(call)
+            "sort" -> funcSort(call)
+            "reverse" -> funcReverse(call)
+            "rol" -> funcRolRor(Opcode.ROXL, call)
+            "ror" -> funcRolRor(Opcode.ROXR, call)
+            "rol2" -> funcRolRor(Opcode.ROL, call)
+            "ror2" -> funcRolRor(Opcode.ROR, call)
+            "prog8_lib_stringcompare" -> funcStringCompare(call)
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("missing builtinfunc for ${call.name}")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun funcDivmod(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, type: IRDataType): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val number = call.args[0]
+        val divident = call.args[1]
+        if(divident is PtNumber) {
+            val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(number)
+            addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVMOD, type, reg1 = tr.resultReg, value=divident.number.toInt()), null)
+        } else {
+            val numTr = exprGen.translateExpression(number)
+            addToResult(result, numTr, numTr.resultReg, -1)
+            val dividentTr = exprGen.translateExpression(divident)
+            addToResult(result, dividentTr, dividentTr.resultReg, -1)
+            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVMODR, type, reg1 = numTr.resultReg, reg2=dividentTr.resultReg), null)
+        }
+        // DIVMOD result convention: division in r0, remainder in r1
+        result += assignRegisterTo(call.args[2], 0)
+        result += assignRegisterTo(call.args[3], 1)
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, type, -1, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcStringCompare(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val left  = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        val right = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
+        val targetReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        addToResult(result, left, 65500, -1)
+        addToResult(result, right, 65501, -1)
+        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value=IMSyscall.COMPARE_STRINGS.number), null)
+        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=targetReg, reg2=0), null)
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, targetReg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcCmp(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val leftTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        addToResult(result, leftTr, leftTr.resultReg, -1)
+        val rightTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
+        addToResult(result, rightTr, rightTr.resultReg, -1)
+        val dt = codeGen.irType(call.args[0].type)
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.CMP, dt, reg1=leftTr.resultReg, reg2=rightTr.resultReg)
+        }
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, dt, leftTr.resultReg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcAny(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val arrayName = call.args[0] as PtIdentifier
+        val array = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(arrayName.name) as StStaticVariable
+        val syscall =
+            when (array.dt) {
+                DataType.ARRAY_UB,
+                DataType.ARRAY_B -> IMSyscall.ANY_BYTE
+                DataType.ARRAY_UW,
+                DataType.ARRAY_W -> IMSyscall.ANY_WORD
+                DataType.ARRAY_F -> IMSyscall.ANY_FLOAT
+                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("weird type")
+            }
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        addToResult(result, tr, SyscallRegisterBase, -1)
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = SyscallRegisterBase+1, value = array.length)
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value = syscall.number)
+            // SysCall call convention: return value in register r0
+            if(tr.resultReg!=0)
+                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = tr.resultReg, reg2 = 0)
+        }
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, tr.resultReg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcAll(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val arrayName = call.args[0] as PtIdentifier
+        val array = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(arrayName.name) as StStaticVariable
+        val syscall =
+            when(array.dt) {
+                DataType.ARRAY_UB,
+                DataType.ARRAY_B -> IMSyscall.ALL_BYTE
+                DataType.ARRAY_UW,
+                DataType.ARRAY_W -> IMSyscall.ALL_WORD
+                DataType.ARRAY_F -> IMSyscall.ALL_FLOAT
+                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("weird type")
+            }
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        addToResult(result, tr, SyscallRegisterBase, -1)
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = SyscallRegisterBase+1, value = array.length)
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value = syscall.number)
+            // SysCall call convention: return value in register r0
+            if(tr.resultReg!=0)
+                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = tr.resultReg, reg2 = 0)
+        }
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, tr.resultReg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcAbs(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val sourceDt = call.args.single().type
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        if(sourceDt==DataType.UWORD)
+            return ExpressionCodeResult.EMPTY
+
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        when (sourceDt) {
+            DataType.UBYTE -> {
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.EXT, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = tr.resultReg)
+                }
+                return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, tr.resultReg, -1)
+            }
+            DataType.BYTE -> {
+                val notNegativeLabel = codeGen.createLabelName()
+                val compareReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=compareReg, reg2=tr.resultReg)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=compareReg, value=0x80)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.BZ, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=compareReg, labelSymbol = notNegativeLabel)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.NEG, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=tr.resultReg)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.EXT, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=tr.resultReg)
+                }
+                result += IRCodeChunk(notNegativeLabel, null)
+                return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, tr.resultReg, -1)
+            }
+            DataType.WORD -> {
+                val notNegativeLabel = codeGen.createLabelName()
+                val compareReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=compareReg, reg2=tr.resultReg)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=compareReg, value=0x8000)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.BZ, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=compareReg, labelSymbol = notNegativeLabel)
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.NEG, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=tr.resultReg)
+                }
+                result += IRCodeChunk(notNegativeLabel, null)
+                return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.WORD, tr.resultReg, -1)
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun funcSgn(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val vmDt = codeGen.irType(call.type)
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SGN, vmDt, reg1 = resultReg, reg2 = tr.resultReg)
+        }
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, vmDt, resultReg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcSqrt16(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SQRT, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=resultReg, reg2=tr.resultReg)
+        }
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.WORD, resultReg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcPop(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val code = IRCodeChunk(null, null)
+        val reg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        code += IRInstruction(Opcode.POP, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=reg)
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>(code)
+        result += assignRegisterTo(call.args.single(), reg)
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, reg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcPopw(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val code = IRCodeChunk(null, null)
+        val reg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        code += IRInstruction(Opcode.POP, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=reg)
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>(code)
+        result += assignRegisterTo(call.args.single(), reg)
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.WORD, reg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcPush(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.PUSH, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=tr.resultReg)
+        }
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, -1, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcPushw(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.PUSH, IRDataType.WORD, reg1 = tr.resultReg)
+        }
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, -1, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcReverse(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val arrayName = call.args[0] as PtIdentifier
+        val array = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(arrayName.name) as StStaticVariable
+        val syscall =
+            when(array.dt) {
+                DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.STR -> IMSyscall.REVERSE_BYTES
+                DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W -> IMSyscall.REVERSE_WORDS
+                DataType.ARRAY_F -> IMSyscall.REVERSE_FLOATS
+                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("weird type to reverse")
+            }
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        addToResult(result, tr, SyscallRegisterBase, -1)
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = SyscallRegisterBase+1, value = array.length)
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value = syscall.number)
+        }
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, -1, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcSort(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val arrayName = call.args[0] as PtIdentifier
+        val array = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(arrayName.name) as StStaticVariable
+        val syscall =
+            when(array.dt) {
+                DataType.ARRAY_UB -> IMSyscall.SORT_UBYTE
+                DataType.ARRAY_B -> IMSyscall.SORT_BYTE
+                DataType.ARRAY_UW -> IMSyscall.SORT_UWORD
+                DataType.ARRAY_W -> IMSyscall.SORT_WORD
+                DataType.STR -> IMSyscall.SORT_UBYTE
+                DataType.ARRAY_F -> throw IllegalArgumentException("sorting a floating point array is not supported")
+                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("weird type to sort")
+            }
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        addToResult(result, tr, SyscallRegisterBase, -1)
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = SyscallRegisterBase+1, value = array.length)
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value = syscall.number)
+        }
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, -1, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcMkword(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val msbTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        addToResult(result, msbTr, msbTr.resultReg, -1)
+        val lsbTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
+        addToResult(result, lsbTr, lsbTr.resultReg, -1)
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.CONCAT, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = lsbTr.resultReg, reg2 = msbTr.resultReg)
+        }
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.WORD, lsbTr.resultReg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcPokeW(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        if(codeGen.isZero(call.args[1])) {
+            if (call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
+                val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, IRDataType.WORD, value = address)
+                }
+            } else {
+                val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+                addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZI, IRDataType.WORD, reg1 = tr.resultReg)
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
+                val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
+                val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
+                addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.WORD, reg1 = tr.resultReg, value = address)
+                }
+            } else {
+                val addressTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+                addToResult(result, addressTr, addressTr.resultReg, -1)
+                val valueTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
+                addToResult(result, valueTr, valueTr.resultReg, -1)
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREI, IRDataType.WORD, reg1 = valueTr.resultReg, reg2 = addressTr.resultReg)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, -1, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcPoke(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        if(codeGen.isZero(call.args[1])) {
+            if (call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
+                val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, IRDataType.BYTE, value = address)
+                }
+            } else {
+                val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+                addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZI, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = tr.resultReg)
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
+                val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
+                val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
+                addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = tr.resultReg, value = address)
+                }
+            } else {
+                val addressTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+                addToResult(result, addressTr, addressTr.resultReg, -1)
+                val valueTr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1])
+                addToResult(result, valueTr, valueTr.resultReg, -1)
+                result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                    it += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREI, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = valueTr.resultReg, reg2 = addressTr.resultReg)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, -1, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcPeekW(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        return if(call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
+            val resultRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+            val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
+            result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.WORD, reg1 = resultRegister, value = address)
+            }
+            ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultRegister, -1)
+        } else {
+            val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
+            addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+            val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+            result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADI, IRDataType.WORD, reg1 = resultReg, reg2 = tr.resultReg)
+            }
+            ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.WORD, resultReg, -1)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun funcPeek(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        return if(call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
+            val resultRegister = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+            val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
+            result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = resultRegister, value = address)
+            }
+            ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultRegister, -1)
+        } else {
+            val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
+            addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+            val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+            result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+                it += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADI, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = resultReg, reg2 = tr.resultReg)
+            }
+            ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultReg, -1)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun funcMemory(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val name = (call.args[0] as PtString).value
+        val code = IRCodeChunk(null, null)
+        val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=resultReg, labelSymbol = "prog8_slabs.prog8_memoryslab_$name")
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(code, IRDataType.BYTE, resultReg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcLsb(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        return exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
+        // note: if a word result is needed, the upper byte is cleared by the typecast that follows. No need to do it here.
+    }
+
+    private fun funcMsb(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single())
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        val resultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(Opcode.MSIG, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1 = resultReg, reg2 = tr.resultReg)
+        }
+        // note: if a word result is needed, the upper byte is cleared by the typecast that follows. No need to do it here.
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, IRDataType.BYTE, resultReg, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun funcRolRor(opcode: Opcode, call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): ExpressionCodeResult {
+        val vmDt = codeGen.irType(call.args[0].type)
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        val tr = exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0])
+        addToResult(result, tr, tr.resultReg, -1)
+        result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also {
+            it += IRInstruction(opcode, vmDt, reg1 = tr.resultReg)
+        }
+        result += assignRegisterTo(call.args[0], tr.resultReg)
+        return ExpressionCodeResult(result, vmDt, -1, -1)
+    }
+
+    private fun assignRegisterTo(target: PtExpression, register: Int): IRCodeChunks {
+        val assignment = PtAssignment(target.position)
+        val assignTarget = PtAssignTarget(target.position)
+        assignTarget.children.add(target)
+        assignment.children.add(assignTarget)
+        assignment.children.add(PtMachineRegister(register, target.type, target.position))
+        val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        result += codeGen.translateNode(assignment)
+        return result
+    }
+}

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/IRPeepholeOptimizer.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+package prog8.codegen.intermediate
+
+import prog8.intermediate.*
+
+internal class IRPeepholeOptimizer(private val irprog: IRProgram) {
+    fun optimize() {
+        irprog.blocks.asSequence().flatMap { it.children.filterIsInstance<IRSubroutine>() }.forEach { sub ->
+            removeEmptyChunks(sub)
+            joinChunks(sub)
+            sub.chunks.withIndex().forEach { (index, chunk1) ->
+                // we don't optimize Inline Asm chunks here.
+                val chunk2 = if(index<sub.chunks.size-1) sub.chunks[index+1] else null
+                if(chunk1 is IRCodeChunk) {
+                    do {
+                        val indexedInstructions = chunk1.instructions.withIndex()
+                            .map { IndexedValue(it.index, it.value) }
+                        val changed = removeNops(chunk1, indexedInstructions)
+                                || removeDoubleLoadsAndStores(chunk1, indexedInstructions)       // TODO not yet implemented
+                                || removeUselessArithmetic(chunk1, indexedInstructions)
+                                || removeWeirdBranches(chunk1, chunk2, indexedInstructions)
+                                || removeDoubleSecClc(chunk1, indexedInstructions)
+                                || cleanupPushPop(chunk1, indexedInstructions)
+                        // TODO other optimizations:
+                        //  more complex optimizations such as unused registers
+                    } while (changed)
+                }
+            }
+            removeEmptyChunks(sub)
+        }
+
+        irprog.linkChunks() // re-link
+    }
+
+    private fun removeEmptyChunks(sub: IRSubroutine) {
+        if(sub.chunks.isEmpty())
+            return
+
+        /*
+        Empty Code chunk with label ->
+            If next chunk has no label -> move label to next chunk, remove original
+            If next chunk has label -> label name should be the same, remove original. Otherwise FOR NOW leave it in place. (TODO: consolidate labels into 1)
+            If is last chunk -> keep chunk in place because of the label.
+        Empty Code chunk without label ->
+            should not have been generated! ERROR.
+         */
+
+
+        val relabelChunks = mutableListOf<Pair<Int, String>>()
+        val removeChunks = mutableListOf<Int>()
+
+        sub.chunks.withIndex().forEach { (index, chunk) ->
+            if(chunk is IRCodeChunk && chunk.instructions.isEmpty()) {
+                if(chunk.label==null) {
+                    removeChunks += index
+                } else {
+                    if (index < sub.chunks.size - 1) {
+                        val nextchunk = sub.chunks[index + 1]
+                        if (nextchunk.label == null) {
+                            // can transplant label to next chunk and remove this empty one.
+                            relabelChunks += Pair(index + 1, chunk.label!!)
+                            removeChunks += index
+                        } else {
+                            if (chunk.label == nextchunk.label)
+                                removeChunks += index
+                            else {
+                                // TODO: consolidate labels on same chunk
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        relabelChunks.forEach { (index, label) ->
+            val chunk = IRCodeChunk(label, null)
+            chunk.instructions += sub.chunks[index].instructions
+            sub.chunks[index] = chunk
+        }
+        removeChunks.reversed().forEach { index -> sub.chunks.removeAt(index) }
+    }
+
+    private fun joinChunks(sub: IRSubroutine) {
+        // Subroutine contains a list of chunks. Some can be joined into one.
+
+        if(sub.chunks.isEmpty())
+            return
+
+        fun mayJoin(previous: IRCodeChunkBase, chunk: IRCodeChunkBase): Boolean {
+            if(chunk.label!=null)
+                return false
+            if(previous is IRCodeChunk && chunk is IRCodeChunk) {
+                // if the previous chunk doesn't end in a jump or a return, flow continues into the next chunk
+                val lastInstruction = previous.instructions.lastOrNull()
+                if(lastInstruction!=null)
+                    return lastInstruction.opcode !in OpcodesThatJump
+                return true
+            }
+            return false
+        }
+
+        val chunks = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+        chunks += sub.chunks[0]
+        for(ix in 1 until sub.chunks.size) {
+            val lastChunk = chunks.last()
+            if(mayJoin(lastChunk, sub.chunks[ix])) {
+                lastChunk.instructions += sub.chunks[ix].instructions
+                lastChunk.next = sub.chunks[ix].next
+            }
+            else
+                chunks += sub.chunks[ix]
+        }
+        sub.chunks.clear()
+        sub.chunks += chunks
+    }
+
+    private fun cleanupPushPop(chunk: IRCodeChunk, indexedInstructions: List<IndexedValue<IRInstruction>>): Boolean {
+        //  push followed by pop to same target, or different target->replace with load
+        var changed = false
+        indexedInstructions.reversed().forEach { (idx, ins) ->
+            if(ins.opcode== Opcode.PUSH) {
+                if(idx < chunk.instructions.size-1) {
+                    val insAfter = chunk.instructions[idx+1]
+                    if(insAfter.opcode == Opcode.POP) {
+                        if(ins.reg1==insAfter.reg1) {
+                            chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                            chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                        } else {
+                            chunk.instructions[idx] = IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, ins.type, reg1=insAfter.reg1, reg2=ins.reg1)
+                            chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx+1)
+                        }
+                        changed = true
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return changed
+    }
+
+    private fun removeDoubleSecClc(chunk: IRCodeChunk, indexedInstructions: List<IndexedValue<IRInstruction>>): Boolean {
+        //  double sec, clc
+        //  sec+clc or clc+sec
+        var changed = false
+        indexedInstructions.reversed().forEach { (idx, ins) ->
+            if(ins.opcode== Opcode.SEC || ins.opcode== Opcode.CLC) {
+                if(idx < chunk.instructions.size-1) {
+                    val insAfter = chunk.instructions[idx+1]
+                    if(insAfter.opcode == ins.opcode) {
+                        chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                        changed = true
+                    }
+                    else if(ins.opcode== Opcode.SEC && insAfter.opcode== Opcode.CLC) {
+                        chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                        changed = true
+                    }
+                    else if(ins.opcode== Opcode.CLC && insAfter.opcode== Opcode.SEC) {
+                        chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                        changed = true
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return changed
+    }
+
+    private fun removeWeirdBranches(chunk: IRCodeChunk, nextChunk: IRCodeChunkBase?, indexedInstructions: List<IndexedValue<IRInstruction>>): Boolean {
+        var changed = false
+        indexedInstructions.reversed().forEach { (idx, ins) ->
+            val labelSymbol = ins.labelSymbol
+
+            // remove jump/branch to label immediately below (= next chunk if it has that label)
+            if(ins.opcode== Opcode.JUMP && labelSymbol!=null) {
+                if(idx==chunk.instructions.size-1 && ins.branchTarget===nextChunk) {
+                    chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                    changed = true
+                }
+            }
+
+            // remove useless RETURN
+            if(idx>0 && (ins.opcode == Opcode.RETURN || ins.opcode==Opcode.RETURNREG)) {
+                val previous = chunk.instructions[idx-1]
+                if(previous.opcode in OpcodesThatJump) {
+                    chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                    changed = true
+                }
+            }
+
+            // replace subsequent opcodes that jump by just the first
+            if(idx>0 && (ins.opcode in OpcodesThatJump)) {
+                val previous = chunk.instructions[idx-1]
+                if(previous.opcode in OpcodesThatJump) {
+                    chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                    changed = true
+                }
+            }
+
+            // replace call + return --> jump
+            if(idx>0 && ins.opcode==Opcode.RETURN) {
+                val previous = chunk.instructions[idx-1]
+                if(previous.opcode==Opcode.CALL || previous.opcode==Opcode.CALLRVAL) {
+                    chunk.instructions[idx-1] = IRInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, value=previous.value, labelSymbol = previous.labelSymbol, branchTarget = previous.branchTarget)
+                    chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                    changed = true
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return changed
+    }
+
+    private fun removeUselessArithmetic(chunk: IRCodeChunk, indexedInstructions: List<IndexedValue<IRInstruction>>): Boolean {
+        // note: this is hard to solve for the non-immediate instructions atm because the values are loaded into registers first
+        var changed = false
+        indexedInstructions.reversed().forEach { (idx, ins) ->
+            when (ins.opcode) {
+                Opcode.DIV, Opcode.DIVS, Opcode.MUL, Opcode.MOD -> {
+                    if (ins.value == 1) {
+                        chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                        changed = true
+                    }
+                }
+                Opcode.ADD, Opcode.SUB -> {
+                    if (ins.value == 1) {
+                        chunk.instructions[idx] = IRInstruction(
+                            if (ins.opcode == Opcode.ADD) Opcode.INC else Opcode.DEC,
+                            ins.type,
+                            ins.reg1
+                        )
+                        changed = true
+                    } else if (ins.value == 0) {
+                        chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                        changed = true
+                    }
+                }
+                Opcode.AND -> {
+                    if (ins.value == 0) {
+                        chunk.instructions[idx] = IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, ins.type, reg1 = ins.reg1, value = 0)
+                        changed = true
+                    } else if (ins.value == 255 && ins.type == IRDataType.BYTE) {
+                        chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                        changed = true
+                    } else if (ins.value == 65535 && ins.type == IRDataType.WORD) {
+                        chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                        changed = true
+                    }
+                }
+                Opcode.OR -> {
+                    if (ins.value == 0) {
+                        chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                        changed = true
+                    } else if ((ins.value == 255 && ins.type == IRDataType.BYTE) || (ins.value == 65535 && ins.type == IRDataType.WORD)) {
+                        chunk.instructions[idx] = IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, ins.type, reg1 = ins.reg1, value = ins.value)
+                        changed = true
+                    }
+                }
+                Opcode.XOR -> {
+                    if (ins.value == 0) {
+                        chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+                        changed = true
+                    }
+                }
+                else -> {}
+            }
+        }
+        return changed
+    }
+
+    private fun removeNops(chunk: IRCodeChunk, indexedInstructions: List<IndexedValue<IRInstruction>>): Boolean {
+        var changed = false
+        indexedInstructions.reversed().forEach { (idx, ins) ->
+            if (ins.opcode == Opcode.NOP) {
+                changed = true
+                chunk.instructions.removeAt(idx)
+            }
+        }
+        return changed
+    }
+
+    private fun removeDoubleLoadsAndStores(chunk: IRCodeChunk, indexedInstructions: List<IndexedValue<IRInstruction>>): Boolean {
+        var changed = false
+        indexedInstructions.forEach { (idx, ins) ->
+
+            // TODO: detect multiple loads to the same target registers, only keep first (if source is not I/O memory)
+            // TODO: detect multiple stores to the same target, only keep first (if target is not I/O memory)
+            // TODO: detect multiple float ffrom/fto to the same target, only keep first
+            // TODO: detect multiple sequential rnd with same reg1, only keep one
+            // TODO: detect subsequent same xors/nots/negs, remove the pairs completely as they cancel out
+            // TODO: detect multiple same ands, ors; only keep first
+            // TODO: (hard) detect multiple registers being assigned the same value (and not changed) - use only 1 of them
+            // ...
+        }
+        return changed
+    }
+}

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/IRUnusedCodeRemover.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+package prog8.codegen.intermediate
+
+import prog8.code.core.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.code.core.SourceCode.Companion.libraryFilePrefix
+import prog8.intermediate.*
+
+
+internal class IRUnusedCodeRemover(private val irprog: IRProgram, private val errors: IErrorReporter) {
+    fun optimize(): Int {
+        val allLabeledChunks = mutableMapOf<String, IRCodeChunkBase>()
+
+        irprog.blocks.asSequence().flatMap { it.children.filterIsInstance<IRSubroutine>() }.forEach { sub ->
+            sub.chunks.forEach { chunk ->
+                chunk.label?.let { allLabeledChunks[it] = chunk }
+            }
+        }
+
+        var numRemoved = removeSimpleUnlinked(allLabeledChunks) + removeUnreachable(allLabeledChunks)
+
+        // remove empty subs
+        irprog.blocks.forEach { block ->
+            block.children.filterIsInstance<IRSubroutine>().reversed().forEach { sub ->
+                if(sub.isEmpty()) {
+                    if(!sub.position.file.startsWith(libraryFilePrefix)) {
+                        errors.warn("unused subroutine ${sub.label}", sub.position)
+                    }
+                    block.children.remove(sub)
+                    numRemoved++
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // remove empty blocks
+        irprog.blocks.reversed().forEach { block ->
+            if(block.isEmpty()) {
+                irprog.blocks.remove(block)
+                numRemoved++
+            }
+        }
+
+        return numRemoved
+    }
+
+    private fun removeUnreachable(allLabeledChunks: MutableMap<String, IRCodeChunkBase>): Int {
+        val entrypointSub = irprog.blocks.single { it.name=="main" }.children.single { it is IRSubroutine && it.label=="main.start" }
+        val reachable = mutableSetOf((entrypointSub as IRSubroutine).chunks.first())
+
+        fun grow() {
+            val new = mutableSetOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+            reachable.forEach {
+                it.next?.let { next -> new += next }
+                it.instructions.forEach { instr ->
+                    if (instr.branchTarget == null)
+                        instr.labelSymbol?.let { label -> allLabeledChunks[label]?.let { chunk -> new += chunk } }
+                    else
+                        new += instr.branchTarget!!
+                }
+            }
+            reachable += new
+        }
+
+        var previousCount = reachable.size
+        while(true) {
+            grow()
+            if(reachable.size<=previousCount)
+                break
+            previousCount = reachable.size
+        }
+
+        return removeUnlinkedChunks(reachable)
+    }
+
+    private fun removeSimpleUnlinked(allLabeledChunks: Map<String, IRCodeChunkBase>): Int {
+        val linkedChunks = mutableSetOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+
+        irprog.blocks.asSequence().flatMap { it.children.filterIsInstance<IRSubroutine>() }.forEach { sub ->
+            sub.chunks.forEach { chunk ->
+                chunk.next?.let { next -> linkedChunks += next }
+                chunk.instructions.forEach {
+                    if(it.branchTarget==null) {
+                        it.labelSymbol?.let { label -> allLabeledChunks[label]?.let { cc -> linkedChunks += cc } }
+                    } else {
+                        linkedChunks += it.branchTarget!!
+                    }
+                }
+                if (chunk.label == "main.start")
+                    linkedChunks += chunk
+            }
+        }
+
+        return removeUnlinkedChunks(linkedChunks)
+    }
+
+    private fun removeUnlinkedChunks(
+        linkedChunks: MutableSet<IRCodeChunkBase>
+    ): Int {
+        var numRemoved = 0
+        irprog.blocks.asSequence().flatMap { it.children.filterIsInstance<IRSubroutine>() }.forEach { sub ->
+            sub.chunks.withIndex().reversed().forEach { (index, chunk) ->
+                if (chunk !in linkedChunks) {
+                    if (chunk === sub.chunks[0]) {
+                        when(chunk) {
+                            is IRCodeChunk -> {
+                                if (chunk.isNotEmpty()) {
+                                    // don't remove the first chunk of the sub itself because it has to have the name of the sub as label
+                                    chunk.instructions.clear()
+                                    numRemoved++
+                                }
+                            }
+                            is IRInlineAsmChunk, is IRInlineBinaryChunk -> {
+                                sub.chunks[index] = IRCodeChunk(chunk.label, chunk.next)
+                                numRemoved++
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        sub.chunks.removeAt(index)
+                        numRemoved++
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return numRemoved
+    }
+}

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/RegisterPool.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package prog8.codegen.intermediate
+
+import prog8.code.core.AssemblyError
+import prog8.intermediate.SyscallRegisterBase
+
+internal class RegisterPool {
+    // reserve 0,1,2 for return values of subroutine calls and syscalls
+    // TODO set this back to 0 once 'resultRegister' has been removed everywhere and SYSCALL/DIVMOD fixed?
+    private var firstFree: Int=3
+    private var firstFreeFloat: Int=3
+
+    fun peekNext() = firstFree
+    fun peekNextFloat() = firstFreeFloat
+
+    fun nextFree(): Int {
+        val result = firstFree
+        firstFree++
+        if(firstFree >= SyscallRegisterBase)
+            throw AssemblyError("out of virtual registers (int)")
+        return result
+    }
+
+    fun nextFreeFloat(): Int {
+        val result = firstFreeFloat
+        firstFreeFloat++
+        if(firstFreeFloat >= SyscallRegisterBase)
+            throw AssemblyError("out of virtual registers (fp)")
+        return result
+    }
+}

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/vm/VmCodeGen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package prog8.codegen.vm
+
+import prog8.code.SymbolTable
+import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.codegen.intermediate.IRCodeGen
+import prog8.intermediate.IRFileWriter
+import prog8.intermediate.IRProgram
+
+class VmCodeGen: ICodeGeneratorBackend {
+    override fun generate(
+        program: PtProgram,
+        symbolTable: SymbolTable,
+        options: CompilationOptions,
+        errors: IErrorReporter
+    ): IAssemblyProgram? {
+        val irCodeGen = IRCodeGen(program, symbolTable, options, errors)
+        val irProgram = irCodeGen.generate()
+        return VmAssemblyProgram(irProgram.name, irProgram)
+    }
+}
+
+
+internal class VmAssemblyProgram(override val name: String, internal val irProgram: IRProgram): IAssemblyProgram {
+
+    override fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions, errors: IErrorReporter): Boolean {
+        // the VM reads the IR file from disk.
+        IRFileWriter(irProgram, null).write()
+        return true
+    }
+}

codeGenIntermediate/test/Dummies.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import prog8.code.core.*
+
+
+internal object DummyMemsizer : IMemSizer {
+    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType) = when(dt) {
+        in ByteDatatypes -> 1
+        DataType.FLOAT -> 5
+        else -> 2
+    }
+    override fun memorySize(arrayDt: DataType, numElements: Int) = when(arrayDt) {
+        DataType.ARRAY_UW -> numElements*2
+        DataType.ARRAY_W -> numElements*2
+        DataType.ARRAY_F -> numElements*5
+        else -> numElements
+    }
+}
+
+internal object DummyStringEncoder : IStringEncoding {
+    override fun encodeString(str: String, encoding: Encoding): List<UByte> {
+        return emptyList()
+    }
+
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: Iterable<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String {
+        return ""
+    }
+}
+
+internal class ErrorReporterForTests(private val throwExceptionAtReportIfErrors: Boolean=true, private val keepMessagesAfterReporting: Boolean=false):
+    IErrorReporter {
+
+    val errors = mutableListOf<String>()
+    val warnings = mutableListOf<String>()
+
+    override fun err(msg: String, position: Position) {
+        val text = "${position.toClickableStr()} $msg"
+        if(text !in errors)
+            errors.add(text)
+    }
+
+    override fun warn(msg: String, position: Position) {
+        val text = "${position.toClickableStr()} $msg"
+        if(text !in warnings)
+            warnings.add(text)
+    }
+
+    override fun noErrors(): Boolean  = errors.isEmpty()
+
+    override fun report() {
+        warnings.forEach { println("UNITTEST COMPILATION REPORT: WARNING: $it") }
+        errors.forEach { println("UNITTEST COMPILATION REPORT: ERROR: $it") }
+        if(throwExceptionAtReportIfErrors)
+            finalizeNumErrors(errors.size, warnings.size)
+        if(!keepMessagesAfterReporting) {
+            clear()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun clear() {
+        errors.clear()
+        warnings.clear()
+    }
+}

codeGenIntermediate/test/TestIRPeepholeOpt.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.VMTarget
+import prog8.codegen.intermediate.IRPeepholeOptimizer
+import prog8.intermediate.*
+
+class TestIRPeepholeOpt: FunSpec({
+    fun makeIRProgram(chunks: List<IRCodeChunkBase>): IRProgram {
+        require(chunks.first().label=="main.start")
+        val block = IRBlock("main", null, IRBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, Position.DUMMY)
+        val sub = IRSubroutine("main.start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        chunks.forEach { sub += it }
+        block += sub
+        val target = VMTarget()
+        val options = CompilationOptions(
+            OutputType.RAW,
+            CbmPrgLauncherType.NONE,
+            ZeropageType.DONTUSE,
+            emptyList(),
+            floats = false,
+            noSysInit = true,
+            compTarget = target,
+            loadAddress = target.machine.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS
+        )
+        val prog = IRProgram("test", IRSymbolTable(null), options, target)
+        prog.addBlock(block)
+        prog.linkChunks()
+        prog.validate()
+        return prog
+    }
+
+    fun makeIRProgram(instructions: List<IRInstruction>): IRProgram {
+        val chunk = IRCodeChunk("main.start", null)
+        instructions.forEach { chunk += it }
+        return makeIRProgram(listOf(chunk))
+    }
+
+    fun IRProgram.chunks(): List<IRCodeChunkBase> = this.blocks.flatMap { it.children.filterIsInstance<IRSubroutine>() }.flatMap { it.chunks }
+
+    test("remove nops") {
+        val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=1, value=42),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.NOP),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.NOP)
+        ))
+        irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 3
+        val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
+        opt.optimize()
+        irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 1
+    }
+
+    test("remove jmp to label below") {
+        val c1 = IRCodeChunk("main.start", null)
+        c1 += IRInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = "label")  // removed, but chunk stays because of label
+        val c2 = IRCodeChunk("label", null)
+        c2 += IRInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = "label2") // removed, but chunk stays because of label
+        c2 += IRInstruction(Opcode.NOP)  // removed
+        val c3 = IRCodeChunk("label2", null)
+        c3 += IRInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = "label3")
+        c3 += IRInstruction(Opcode.INC, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=1)
+        val c4 = IRCodeChunk("label3", null)
+        val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(c1, c2, c3, c4))
+
+        irProg.chunks().size shouldBe 4
+        irProg.chunks().flatMap { it.instructions }.size shouldBe 5
+        val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
+        opt.optimize()
+        irProg.chunks().size shouldBe 4
+        irProg.chunks()[0].label shouldBe "main.start"
+        irProg.chunks()[1].label shouldBe "label"
+        irProg.chunks()[2].label shouldBe "label2"
+        irProg.chunks()[3].label shouldBe "label3"
+        irProg.chunks()[0].isEmpty() shouldBe true
+        irProg.chunks()[1].isEmpty() shouldBe true
+        irProg.chunks()[2].isEmpty() shouldBe false
+        irProg.chunks()[3].isEmpty() shouldBe true
+        val instr = irProg.chunks().flatMap { it.instructions }
+        instr.size shouldBe 2
+        instr[0].opcode shouldBe Opcode.JUMP
+        instr[1].opcode shouldBe Opcode.INC
+    }
+
+    test("remove double sec/clc") {
+        val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.SEC),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.SEC),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.SEC),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.CLC),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.CLC),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.CLC)
+        ))
+        irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 6
+        val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
+        opt.optimize()
+        val instr = irProg.chunks().single().instructions
+        instr.size shouldBe 1
+        instr[0].opcode shouldBe Opcode.CLC
+    }
+
+    test("push followed by pop") {
+        val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.PUSH, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.POP, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.PUSH, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=99),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.POP, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=222)
+        ))
+        irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 4
+        val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
+        opt.optimize()
+        val instr = irProg.chunks().single().instructions
+        instr.size shouldBe 1
+        instr[0].opcode shouldBe Opcode.LOADR
+        instr[0].reg1 shouldBe 222
+        instr[0].reg2 shouldBe 99
+    }
+
+    test("remove useless div/mul, add/sub") {
+        val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.DIV, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVS, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.MUL, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.MOD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.DIV, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 2),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.DIVS, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 2),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.MUL, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 2),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.MOD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 2),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.ADD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 0),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.SUB, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 0)
+        ))
+        irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 10
+        val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
+        opt.optimize()
+        irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 4
+    }
+
+    test("replace add/sub 1 by inc/dec") {
+        val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.ADD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.SUB, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1)
+        ))
+        irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 2
+        val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
+        opt.optimize()
+        val instr = irProg.chunks().single().instructions
+        instr.size shouldBe 2
+        instr[0].opcode shouldBe Opcode.INC
+        instr[1].opcode shouldBe Opcode.DEC
+    }
+
+    test("remove useless and/or/xor") {
+        val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 255),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=42, value = 65535),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.OR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 0),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.XOR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 0),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 200),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=42, value = 60000),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.OR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.XOR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1)
+        ))
+        irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 8
+        val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
+        opt.optimize()
+        irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 4
+    }
+
+    test("replace and/or/xor by constant number") {
+        val irProg = makeIRProgram(listOf(
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 0),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=42, value = 0),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.OR, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 255),
+            IRInstruction(Opcode.OR, IRDataType.WORD, reg1=42, value = 65535)
+        ))
+        irProg.chunks().single().instructions.size shouldBe 4
+        val opt = IRPeepholeOptimizer(irProg)
+        opt.optimize()
+        val instr = irProg.chunks().single().instructions
+        instr.size shouldBe 4
+        instr[0].opcode shouldBe Opcode.LOAD
+        instr[1].opcode shouldBe Opcode.LOAD
+        instr[2].opcode shouldBe Opcode.LOAD
+        instr[3].opcode shouldBe Opcode.LOAD
+        instr[0].value shouldBe 0
+        instr[1].value shouldBe 0
+        instr[2].value shouldBe 255
+        instr[3].value shouldBe 65535
+    }
+})

codeGenIntermediate/test/TestVmCodeGen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.ints.shouldBeGreaterThan
+import prog8.code.SymbolTableMaker
+import prog8.code.ast.*
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.VMTarget
+import prog8.codegen.vm.VmAssemblyProgram
+import prog8.codegen.vm.VmCodeGen
+import prog8.intermediate.IRSubroutine
+
+class TestVmCodeGen: FunSpec({
+
+    fun getTestOptions(): CompilationOptions {
+        val target = VMTarget()
+        return CompilationOptions(
+            OutputType.RAW,
+            CbmPrgLauncherType.NONE,
+            ZeropageType.DONTUSE,
+            zpReserved = emptyList(),
+            floats = true,
+            noSysInit = false,
+            compTarget = target,
+            loadAddress = target.machine.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS
+        )
+    }
+
+    test("augmented assigns") {
+//main {
+//    sub start() {
+//        ubyte[] particleX = [1,2,3]
+//        ubyte[] particleDX = [1,2,3]
+//        particleX[2] += particleDX[2]
+//
+//        word @shared xx = 1
+//        xx = -xx
+//        xx += 42
+//        xx += cx16.r0
+//    }
+//}
+        val codegen = VmCodeGen()
+        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val block = PtBlock("main", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(PtVariable("pi", DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 0.0, Position.DUMMY), null, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(PtVariable("particleX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, 3u, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(PtVariable("particleDX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, 3u, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(PtVariable("xx", DataType.WORD, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, PtNumber(DataType.WORD, 1.0, Position.DUMMY), null, Position.DUMMY))
+
+        val assign = PtAugmentedAssign("+=", Position.DUMMY)
+        val target = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            val targetIdx = PtArrayIndexer(DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY).also { idx ->
+                idx.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.particleX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, Position.DUMMY))
+                idx.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 2.0, Position.DUMMY))
+            }
+            it.add(targetIdx)
+        }
+        val value = PtArrayIndexer(DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        value.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.particleDX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, Position.DUMMY))
+        value.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 2.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        assign.add(target)
+        assign.add(value)
+        sub.add(assign)
+
+        val prefixAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("-", Position.DUMMY)
+        val prefixTarget = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        }
+        prefixAssign.add(prefixTarget)
+        prefixAssign.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(prefixAssign)
+
+        val numberAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("+=", Position.DUMMY)
+        val numberAssignTarget = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        }
+        numberAssign.add(numberAssignTarget)
+        numberAssign.add(PtNumber(DataType.WORD, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(numberAssign)
+
+        val cxregAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("+=", Position.DUMMY)
+        val cxregAssignTarget = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        }
+        cxregAssign.add(cxregAssignTarget)
+        cxregAssign.add(PtIdentifier("cx16.r0", DataType.UWORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(cxregAssign)
+
+        block.add(sub)
+        program.add(block)
+
+        // define the "cx16.r0" virtual register
+        val cx16block = PtBlock("cx16", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        cx16block.add(PtMemMapped("r0", DataType.UWORD, 100u, null, Position.DUMMY))
+        program.add(cx16block)
+
+        val options = getTestOptions()
+        val st = SymbolTableMaker(program, options).make()
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors) as VmAssemblyProgram
+        val irChunks = (result.irProgram.blocks.first().children.single() as IRSubroutine).chunks
+        irChunks.size shouldBeGreaterThan 4
+    }
+
+    test("float comparison expressions against zero") {
+//main {
+//    sub start() {
+//        float @shared f1
+//
+//        if f1==0
+//            nop
+//        if f1!=0
+//            nop
+//        if f1>0
+//            nop
+//        if f1<0
+//            nop
+//    }
+//}
+        val codegen = VmCodeGen()
+        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val block = PtBlock("main", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(PtVariable("f1", DataType.FLOAT, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, null, Position.DUMMY))
+        val if1 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp1 = PtBinaryExpression("==", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp1.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.f1", DataType.FLOAT, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp1.add(PtNumber(DataType.FLOAT, 0.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if1.add(cmp1)
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if1)
+        val if2 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp2 = PtBinaryExpression("!=", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp2.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.f1", DataType.FLOAT, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp2.add(PtNumber(DataType.FLOAT, 0.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if2.add(cmp2)
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if2)
+        val if3 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp3 = PtBinaryExpression("<", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp3.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.f1", DataType.FLOAT, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp3.add(PtNumber(DataType.FLOAT, 0.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if3.add(cmp3)
+        if3.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if3.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if3)
+        val if4 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp4 = PtBinaryExpression(">", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp4.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.f1", DataType.FLOAT, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp4.add(PtNumber(DataType.FLOAT, 0.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if4.add(cmp4)
+        if4.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if4.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if4)
+        block.add(sub)
+        program.add(block)
+
+        val options = getTestOptions()
+        val st = SymbolTableMaker(program, options).make()
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors) as VmAssemblyProgram
+        val irChunks = (result.irProgram.blocks.first().children.single() as IRSubroutine).chunks
+        irChunks.size shouldBeGreaterThan 4
+    }
+
+    test("float comparison expressions against nonzero") {
+//main {
+//    sub start() {
+//        float @shared f1
+//
+//        if f1==42
+//            nop
+//        if f1!=42
+//            nop
+//        if f1>42
+//            nop
+//        if f1<42
+//            nop
+//    }
+//}
+        val codegen = VmCodeGen()
+        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val block = PtBlock("main", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(PtVariable("f1", DataType.FLOAT, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, null, Position.DUMMY))
+        val if1 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp1 = PtBinaryExpression("==", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp1.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.f1", DataType.FLOAT, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp1.add(PtNumber(DataType.FLOAT, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if1.add(cmp1)
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if1)
+        val if2 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp2 = PtBinaryExpression("!=", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp2.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.f1", DataType.FLOAT, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp2.add(PtNumber(DataType.FLOAT, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if2.add(cmp2)
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if2)
+        val if3 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp3 = PtBinaryExpression("<", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp3.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.f1", DataType.FLOAT, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp3.add(PtNumber(DataType.FLOAT, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if3.add(cmp3)
+        if3.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if3.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if3)
+        val if4 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp4 = PtBinaryExpression(">", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp4.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.f1", DataType.FLOAT, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp4.add(PtNumber(DataType.FLOAT, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if4.add(cmp4)
+        if4.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if4.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if4)
+        block.add(sub)
+        program.add(block)
+
+        val options = getTestOptions()
+        val st = SymbolTableMaker(program, options).make()
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors) as VmAssemblyProgram
+        val irChunks = (result.irProgram.blocks.first().children.single() as IRSubroutine).chunks
+        irChunks.size shouldBeGreaterThan 4
+    }
+
+    test("float conditional jump") {
+//main {
+//    sub start() {
+//        float @shared f1
+//
+//        if f1==42
+//            goto $c000
+//        if f1>42
+//            goto $c000
+//    }
+//}
+        val codegen = VmCodeGen()
+        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val block = PtBlock("main", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(PtVariable("f1", DataType.FLOAT, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, null, Position.DUMMY))
+        val if1 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp1 = PtBinaryExpression("==", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp1.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.f1", DataType.FLOAT, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp1.add(PtNumber(DataType.FLOAT, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if1.add(cmp1)
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtJump(null, 0xc000u, null, Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup())
+        sub.add(if1)
+        val if2 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp2 = PtBinaryExpression(">", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp2.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.f1", DataType.FLOAT, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp2.add(PtNumber(DataType.FLOAT, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if2.add(cmp2)
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtJump(null, 0xc000u, null, Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup())
+        sub.add(if2)
+        block.add(sub)
+        program.add(block)
+
+        val options = getTestOptions()
+        val st = SymbolTableMaker(program, options).make()
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors) as VmAssemblyProgram
+        val irChunks = (result.irProgram.blocks.first().children.single() as IRSubroutine).chunks
+        irChunks.size shouldBeGreaterThan 4
+    }
+
+    test("integer comparison expressions against zero") {
+//main {
+//    sub start() {
+//        byte @shared sb1
+//
+//        if sb1==0
+//            nop
+//        if sb1!=0
+//            nop
+//        if sb1>0
+//            nop
+//        if sb1<0
+//            nop
+//    }
+//}
+        val codegen = VmCodeGen()
+        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val block = PtBlock("main", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(PtVariable("sb1", DataType.BYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, null, Position.DUMMY))
+        val if1 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp1 = PtBinaryExpression("==", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp1.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.sb1", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp1.add(PtNumber(DataType.BYTE, 0.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if1.add(cmp1)
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if1)
+        val if2 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp2 = PtBinaryExpression("!=", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp2.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.sb1", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp2.add(PtNumber(DataType.BYTE, 0.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if2.add(cmp2)
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if2)
+        val if3 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp3 = PtBinaryExpression("<", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp3.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.sb1", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp3.add(PtNumber(DataType.BYTE, 0.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if3.add(cmp3)
+        if3.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if3.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if3)
+        val if4 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp4 = PtBinaryExpression(">", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp4.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.sb1", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp4.add(PtNumber(DataType.BYTE, 0.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if4.add(cmp4)
+        if4.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if4.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if4)
+        block.add(sub)
+        program.add(block)
+
+        val options = getTestOptions()
+        val st = SymbolTableMaker(program, options).make()
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors) as VmAssemblyProgram
+        val irChunks = (result.irProgram.blocks.first().children.single() as IRSubroutine).chunks
+        irChunks.size shouldBeGreaterThan 4
+    }
+
+    test("integer comparison expressions against nonzero") {
+//main {
+//    sub start() {
+//        byte @shared sb1
+//
+//        if sb1==42
+//            nop
+//        if sb1!=42
+//            nop
+//        if sb1>42
+//            nop
+//        if sb1<42
+//            nop
+//    }
+//}
+        val codegen = VmCodeGen()
+        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val block = PtBlock("main", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(PtVariable("sb1", DataType.BYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, null, Position.DUMMY))
+        val if1 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp1 = PtBinaryExpression("==", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp1.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.sb1", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp1.add(PtNumber(DataType.BYTE, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if1.add(cmp1)
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if1)
+        val if2 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp2 = PtBinaryExpression("!=", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp2.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.sb1", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp2.add(PtNumber(DataType.BYTE, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if2.add(cmp2)
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if2)
+        val if3 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp3 = PtBinaryExpression("<", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp3.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.sb1", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp3.add(PtNumber(DataType.BYTE, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if3.add(cmp3)
+        if3.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if3.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if3)
+        val if4 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp4 = PtBinaryExpression(">", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp4.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.sb1", DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp4.add(PtNumber(DataType.BYTE, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if4.add(cmp4)
+        if4.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if4.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtNop(Position.DUMMY)) })
+        sub.add(if4)
+        block.add(sub)
+        program.add(block)
+
+        val options = getTestOptions()
+        val st = SymbolTableMaker(program, options).make()
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors) as VmAssemblyProgram
+        val irChunks = (result.irProgram.blocks.first().children.single() as IRSubroutine).chunks
+        irChunks.size shouldBeGreaterThan 4
+    }
+
+    test("integer conditional jump") {
+//main {
+//    sub start() {
+//        ubyte @shared ub1
+//
+//        if ub1==42
+//            goto $c000
+//        if ub1>42
+//            goto $c000
+//    }
+//}
+        val codegen = VmCodeGen()
+        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val block = PtBlock("main", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(PtVariable("ub1", DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, null, Position.DUMMY))
+        val if1 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp1 = PtBinaryExpression("==", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp1.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.ub1", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp1.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if1.add(cmp1)
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtJump(null, 0xc000u, null, Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if1.add(PtNodeGroup())
+        sub.add(if1)
+        val if2 = PtIfElse(Position.DUMMY)
+        val cmp2 = PtBinaryExpression(">", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        cmp2.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.ub1", DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY))
+        cmp2.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        if2.add(cmp2)
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup().also { it.add(PtJump(null, 0xc000u, null, Position.DUMMY)) })
+        if2.add(PtNodeGroup())
+        sub.add(if2)
+        block.add(sub)
+        program.add(block)
+
+        val options = getTestOptions()
+        val st = SymbolTableMaker(program, options).make()
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors) as VmAssemblyProgram
+        val irChunks = (result.irProgram.blocks.first().children.single() as IRSubroutine).chunks
+        irChunks.size shouldBeGreaterThan 4
+    }
+
+})

codeGenVirtual/codeGenVirtual.iml

@@ -1,19 +1,8 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<module type="JAVA_MODULE" version="4">
+<module version="4">
   <component name="NewModuleRootManager" inherit-compiler-output="true">
     <exclude-output />
-    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
-      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src" isTestSource="false" />
-      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/test" isTestSource="true" />
-    </content>
     <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
     <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="KotlinJavaRuntime" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="michael.bull.kotlin.result.jvm" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="io.kotest.assertions.core.jvm" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="io.kotest.runner.junit5.jvm" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="codeAst" />
-    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="codeCore" />
-    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="virtualmachine" />
   </component>
 </module>

codeGenVirtual/src/prog8/codegen/virtual/AssemblyProgram.kt

@@ -1,138 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.codegen.virtual
-
-import prog8.code.core.AssemblyError
-import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.code.core.IAssemblyProgram
-import prog8.vm.Instruction
-import prog8.vm.Opcode
-import prog8.vm.OpcodesWithAddress
-import prog8.vm.VmDataType
-import java.io.BufferedWriter
-import java.nio.file.Path
-import kotlin.io.path.bufferedWriter
-import kotlin.io.path.div
-
-
-class AssemblyProgram(override val name: String, private val allocations: VariableAllocator
-) : IAssemblyProgram {
-
-    private val globalInits = mutableListOf<VmCodeLine>()
-    private val blocks = mutableListOf<VmCodeChunk>()
-
-    override fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions): Boolean {
-        val outfile = options.outputDir / ("$name.p8virt")
-        println("write code to $outfile")
-        outfile.bufferedWriter().use { out ->
-            allocations.asVmMemory().forEach { (name, alloc) ->
-                out.write("; ${name.joinToString(".")}\n")
-                out.write(alloc + "\n")
-            }
-            out.write("------PROGRAM------\n")
-
-            if(!options.dontReinitGlobals) {
-                out.write("; global var inits\n")
-                globalInits.forEach { out.writeLine(it) }
-            }
-
-            out.write("; actual program code\n")
-            blocks.asSequence().flatMap { it.lines }.forEach { line->out.writeLine(line) }
-        }
-        return true
-    }
-
-    private fun BufferedWriter.writeLine(line: VmCodeLine) {
-        when(line) {
-            is VmCodeComment -> write("; ${line.comment}\n")
-            is VmCodeInstruction -> {
-                write(line.ins.toString() + "\n")
-            }
-            is VmCodeLabel -> write("_" + line.name.joinToString(".") + ":\n")
-            is VmCodeInlineAsm -> {
-                val asm = line.assembly.replace("""\{[a-zA-Z\d_\.]+\}""".toRegex()) { matchResult ->
-                    val name = matchResult.value.substring(1, matchResult.value.length-1).split('.')
-                    allocations.get(name).toString() }
-                write(asm+"\n")
-            }
-            is VmCodeInlineBinary -> {
-                write("incbin \"${line.file}\"")
-                if(line.offset!=null)
-                    write(",${line.offset}")
-                if(line.length!=null)
-                    write(",${line.length}")
-                write("\n")
-            }
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid vm code line")
-        }
-    }
-
-    fun addGlobalInits(chunk: VmCodeChunk) = globalInits.addAll(chunk.lines)
-    fun addBlock(block: VmCodeChunk) = blocks.add(block)
-    fun getBlocks(): List<VmCodeChunk> = blocks
-}
-
-sealed class VmCodeLine
-
-class VmCodeInstruction(
-    opcode: Opcode,
-    type: VmDataType?=null,
-    reg1: Int?=null,        // 0-$ffff
-    reg2: Int?=null,        // 0-$ffff
-    fpReg1: Int?=null,      // 0-$ffff
-    fpReg2: Int?=null,      // 0-$ffff
-    value: Int?=null,       // 0-$ffff
-    fpValue: Float?=null,
-    labelSymbol: List<String>?=null    // alternative to value for branch/call/jump labels
-): VmCodeLine() {
-    val ins = Instruction(opcode, type, reg1, reg2, fpReg1, fpReg2, value, fpValue, labelSymbol)
-
-    init {
-        if(reg1!=null && (reg1<0 || reg1>65536))
-            throw IllegalArgumentException("reg1 out of bounds")
-        if(reg2!=null && (reg2<0 || reg2>65536))
-            throw IllegalArgumentException("reg2 out of bounds")
-        if(fpReg1!=null && (fpReg1<0 || fpReg1>65536))
-            throw IllegalArgumentException("fpReg1 out of bounds")
-        if(fpReg2!=null && (fpReg2<0 || fpReg2>65536))
-            throw IllegalArgumentException("fpReg2 out of bounds")
-
-        if(value!=null && opcode !in OpcodesWithAddress) {
-            when (type) {
-                VmDataType.BYTE -> {
-                    if (value < -128 || value > 255)
-                        throw IllegalArgumentException("value out of range for byte: $value")
-                }
-                VmDataType.WORD -> {
-                    if (value < -32768 || value > 65535)
-                        throw IllegalArgumentException("value out of range for word: $value")
-                }
-                VmDataType.FLOAT, null -> {}
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-class VmCodeLabel(val name: List<String>): VmCodeLine()
-internal class VmCodeComment(val comment: String): VmCodeLine()
-
-class VmCodeChunk(initial: VmCodeLine? = null) {
-    val lines = mutableListOf<VmCodeLine>()
-
-    init {
-        if(initial!=null)
-            lines.add(initial)
-    }
-
-    operator fun plusAssign(line: VmCodeLine) {
-        lines.add(line)
-    }
-
-    operator fun plusAssign(chunk: VmCodeChunk) {
-        lines.addAll(chunk.lines)
-    }
-}
-
-internal class VmCodeInlineAsm(asm: String): VmCodeLine() {
-    val assembly: String = asm.trimIndent()
-}
-
-internal class VmCodeInlineBinary(val file: Path, val offset: UInt?, val length: UInt?): VmCodeLine()

codeGenVirtual/src/prog8/codegen/virtual/AssignmentGen.kt

@@ -1,247 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.codegen.virtual
-
-import prog8.code.ast.*
-import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.vm.Opcode
-import prog8.vm.VmDataType
-
-internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: CodeGen, private val expressionEval: ExpressionGen) {
-
-    internal fun translate(assignment: PtAssignment): VmCodeChunk {
-        if(assignment.target.children.single() is PtMachineRegister)
-            throw AssemblyError("assigning to a register should be done by just evaluating the expression into resultregister")
-
-        return if (assignment.isInplaceAssign)
-            translateInplaceAssign(assignment)
-        else
-            translateRegularAssign(assignment)
-    }
-
-    private fun translateInplaceAssign(assignment: PtAssignment): VmCodeChunk {
-        val ident = assignment.target.identifier
-        val memory = assignment.target.memory
-        val array = assignment.target.array
-
-        return if(ident!=null) {
-            val address = codeGen.allocations.get(ident.targetName)
-            assignSelfInMemory(address, assignment.value, assignment)
-        } else if(memory != null) {
-            if(memory.address is PtNumber)
-                assignSelfInMemory((memory.address as PtNumber).number.toInt(), assignment.value, assignment)
-            else
-                fallbackAssign(assignment)
-        } else if(array!=null) {
-            // NOTE: naive fallback assignment here will sometimes generate code that loads the index value multiple times
-            // in a register. It's way too much work to optimize that here - instead, we trust that the generated IL assembly
-            // will be optimized later and have the double assignments removed.
-            fallbackAssign(assignment)
-        } else {
-            fallbackAssign(assignment)
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun assignSelfInMemory(
-        address: Int,
-        value: PtExpression,
-        origAssign: PtAssignment
-    ): VmCodeChunk {
-        val vmDt = codeGen.vmType(value.type)
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        when(value) {
-            is PtIdentifier -> return code // do nothing, x=x null assignment.
-            is PtMachineRegister -> return code // do nothing, reg=reg null assignment
-            is PtPrefix -> return inplacePrefix(value.operator, vmDt, address)
-            is PtBinaryExpression -> return inplaceBinexpr(value.operator, value.right, vmDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, address, origAssign)
-            is PtMemoryByte -> {
-                return if (!codeGen.options.compTarget.machine.isIOAddress(address.toUInt()))
-                    code // do nothing, mem=mem null assignment.
-                else {
-                    // read and write a (i/o) memory location to itself.
-                    val tempReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = tempReg, value = address)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = tempReg, value = address)
-                    code
-                }
-            }
-            else -> return fallbackAssign(origAssign)
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    private fun fallbackAssign(origAssign: PtAssignment): VmCodeChunk {
-        if (codeGen.options.slowCodegenWarnings)
-            codeGen.errors.warn("indirect code for in-place assignment", origAssign.position)
-        return translateRegularAssign(origAssign)
-    }
-
-    private fun inplaceBinexpr(
-        operator: String,
-        operand: PtExpression,
-        vmDt: VmDataType,
-        signed: Boolean,
-        address: Int,
-        origAssign: PtAssignment
-    ): VmCodeChunk {
-        when(operator) {
-            "+" -> return expressionEval.operatorPlusInplace(address, vmDt, operand)
-            "-" -> return expressionEval.operatorMinusInplace(address, vmDt, operand)
-            "*" -> return expressionEval.operatorMultiplyInplace(address, vmDt, operand)
-            "/" -> return expressionEval.operatorDivideInplace(address, vmDt, signed, operand)
-            "|" -> return expressionEval.operatorOrInplace(address, vmDt, operand)
-            "&" -> return expressionEval.operatorAndInplace(address, vmDt, operand)
-            "^" -> return expressionEval.operatorXorInplace(address, vmDt, operand)
-            "<<" -> return expressionEval.operatorShiftLeftInplace(address, vmDt, operand)
-            ">>" -> return expressionEval.operatorShiftRightInplace(address, vmDt, signed, operand)
-            else -> {}
-        }
-        return fallbackAssign(origAssign)
-    }
-
-    private fun inplacePrefix(operator: String, vmDt: VmDataType, address: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code= VmCodeChunk()
-        when(operator) {
-            "+" -> { }
-            "-" -> {
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.NEGM, vmDt, value = address)
-            }
-            "~" -> {
-                val regMask = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                val mask = if(vmDt==VmDataType.BYTE) 0x00ff else 0xffff
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=regMask, value = mask)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.XORM, vmDt, reg1=regMask, value = address)
-            }
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird prefix operator")
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun translateRegularAssign(assignment: PtAssignment): VmCodeChunk {
-        // note: assigning array and string values is done via an explicit memcopy/stringcopy function call.
-        val ident = assignment.target.identifier
-        val memory = assignment.target.memory
-        val array = assignment.target.array
-        val vmDt = codeGen.vmType(assignment.value.type)
-
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        var resultRegister = -1
-        var resultFpRegister = -1
-        val zero = codeGen.isZero(assignment.value)
-        if(!zero) {
-            // calculate the assignment value
-            if (vmDt == VmDataType.FLOAT) {
-                resultFpRegister = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFreeFloat()
-                code += expressionEval.translateExpression(assignment.value, -1, resultFpRegister)
-            } else {
-                resultRegister = if (assignment.value is PtMachineRegister) {
-                    (assignment.value as PtMachineRegister).register
-                } else {
-                    val reg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                    code += expressionEval.translateExpression(assignment.value, reg, -1)
-                    reg
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if(ident!=null) {
-            val address = codeGen.allocations.get(ident.targetName)
-            code += if(zero) {
-                VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, vmDt, value = address)
-            } else {
-                if (vmDt == VmDataType.FLOAT)
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister, value = address)
-                else
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, value = address)
-            }
-        }
-        else if(array!=null) {
-            val variable = array.variable.targetName
-            var variableAddr = codeGen.allocations.get(variable)
-            val itemsize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type)
-
-            if(array.variable.type==DataType.UWORD) {
-                // indexing a pointer var instead of a real array or string
-                if(itemsize!=1)
-                    throw AssemblyError("non-array var indexing requires bytes dt")
-                if(array.index.type!=DataType.UBYTE)
-                    throw AssemblyError("non-array var indexing requires bytes index")
-                val idxReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += expressionEval.translateExpression(array.index, idxReg, -1)
-                if(zero) {
-                    // there's no STOREZIX instruction
-                    resultRegister = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister, value=0)
-                }
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREIX, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister, reg2=idxReg, value = variableAddr)
-                return code
-            }
-
-            val fixedIndex = constIntValue(array.index)
-            if(zero) {
-                if(fixedIndex!=null) {
-                    variableAddr += fixedIndex*itemsize
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, vmDt, value=variableAddr)
-                } else {
-                    val indexReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                    code += loadIndexReg(array, itemsize, indexReg)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREZX, vmDt, reg1=indexReg, value=variableAddr)
-                }
-            } else {
-                if(vmDt== VmDataType.FLOAT) {
-                    if(fixedIndex!=null) {
-                        variableAddr += fixedIndex*itemsize
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister, value=variableAddr)
-                    } else {
-                        val indexReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                        code += loadIndexReg(array, itemsize, indexReg)
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREX, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2=indexReg, value=variableAddr)
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    if(fixedIndex!=null) {
-                        variableAddr += fixedIndex*itemsize
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, value=variableAddr)
-                    } else {
-                        val indexReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                        code += loadIndexReg(array, itemsize, indexReg)
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREX, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2=indexReg, value=variableAddr)
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else if(memory!=null) {
-            require(vmDt== VmDataType.BYTE)
-            if(zero) {
-                if(memory.address is PtNumber) {
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, vmDt, value=(memory.address as PtNumber).number.toInt())
-                } else {
-                    val addressReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                    code += expressionEval.translateExpression(memory.address, addressReg, -1)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREZI, vmDt, reg1=addressReg)
-                }
-            } else {
-                if(memory.address is PtNumber) {
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister, value=(memory.address as PtNumber).number.toInt())
-                } else {
-                    val addressReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                    code += expressionEval.translateExpression(memory.address, addressReg, -1)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREI, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister, reg2=addressReg)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else
-            throw AssemblyError("weird assigntarget")
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun loadIndexReg(array: PtArrayIndexer, itemsize: Int, indexReg: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(itemsize==1) {
-            code += expressionEval.translateExpression(array.index, indexReg, -1)
-        }
-        else {
-            val mult = PtBinaryExpression("*", DataType.UBYTE, array.position)
-            mult.children += array.index
-            mult.children += PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, itemsize.toDouble(), array.position)
-            code += expressionEval.translateExpression(mult, indexReg, -1)
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-}

codeGenVirtual/src/prog8/codegen/virtual/BuiltinFuncGen.kt

@@ -1,376 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.codegen.virtual
-
-import prog8.code.StStaticVariable
-import prog8.code.ast.*
-import prog8.code.core.AssemblyError
-import prog8.code.core.DataType
-import prog8.vm.Opcode
-import prog8.vm.Syscall
-import prog8.vm.VmDataType
-
-internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: CodeGen, private val exprGen: ExpressionGen) {
-
-    fun translate(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        return when(call.name) {
-            "any" -> funcAny(call, resultRegister)
-            "all" -> funcAll(call, resultRegister)
-            "abs" -> funcAbs(call, resultRegister)
-            "cmp" -> funcCmp(call)
-            "sgn" -> funcSgn(call, resultRegister)
-            "sqrt16" -> funcSqrt16(call, resultRegister)
-            "pop" -> funcPop(call)
-            "popw" -> funcPopw(call)
-            "push" -> funcPush(call)
-            "pushw" -> funcPushw(call)
-            "rsave",
-            "rsavex",
-            "rrestore",
-            "rrestorex" -> VmCodeChunk() // vm doesn't have registers to save/restore
-            "rnd" -> funcRnd(resultRegister)
-            "rndw" -> funcRndw(resultRegister)
-            "callfar" -> throw AssemblyError("callfar() is for cx16 target only")
-            "callrom" -> throw AssemblyError("callrom() is for cx16 target only")
-            "msb" -> funcMsb(call, resultRegister)
-            "lsb" -> funcLsb(call, resultRegister)
-            "memory" -> funcMemory(call, resultRegister)
-            "peek" -> funcPeek(call, resultRegister)
-            "peekw" -> funcPeekW(call, resultRegister)
-            "poke" -> funcPoke(call)
-            "pokew" -> funcPokeW(call)
-            "pokemon" -> VmCodeChunk()
-            "mkword" -> funcMkword(call, resultRegister)
-            "sort" -> funcSort(call)
-            "reverse" -> funcReverse(call)
-            "rol" -> funcRolRor(Opcode.ROXL, call, resultRegister)
-            "ror" -> funcRolRor(Opcode.ROXR, call, resultRegister)
-            "rol2" -> funcRolRor(Opcode.ROL, call, resultRegister)
-            "ror2" -> funcRolRor(Opcode.ROR, call, resultRegister)
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("missing builtinfunc for ${call.name}")
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun funcCmp(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val leftRegister = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        val rightRegister = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0], leftRegister, -1)
-        code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1], rightRegister, -1)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.CMP, codeGen.vmType(call.args[0].type), reg1=leftRegister, reg2=rightRegister)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcAny(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val arrayName = call.args[0] as PtIdentifier
-        val array = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(arrayName.targetName) as StStaticVariable
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val syscall =
-            when (array.dt) {
-                DataType.ARRAY_UB,
-                DataType.ARRAY_B -> Syscall.ANY_BYTE
-                DataType.ARRAY_UW,
-                DataType.ARRAY_W -> Syscall.ANY_WORD
-                DataType.ARRAY_F -> Syscall.ANY_FLOAT
-                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("weird type")
-            }
-        code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0], 0, -1)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1 = 1, value = array.length)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value = syscall.ordinal)
-        if (resultRegister != 0)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = 0)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcAll(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val arrayName = call.args[0] as PtIdentifier
-        val array = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(arrayName.targetName) as StStaticVariable
-        val syscall =
-            when(array.dt) {
-                DataType.ARRAY_UB,
-                DataType.ARRAY_B -> Syscall.ALL_BYTE
-                DataType.ARRAY_UW,
-                DataType.ARRAY_W -> Syscall.ALL_WORD
-                DataType.ARRAY_F -> Syscall.ALL_FLOAT
-                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("weird type")
-            }
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0], 0, -1)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=1, value=array.length)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value=syscall.ordinal)
-        if(resultRegister!=0)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister, reg2=0)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcAbs(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val sourceDt = call.args.single().type
-        if(sourceDt!=DataType.UWORD) {
-            code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0], resultRegister, -1)
-            when (sourceDt) {
-                DataType.UBYTE -> {
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.EXT, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister)
-                }
-                DataType.BYTE -> {
-                    val notNegativeLabel = codeGen.createLabelName()
-                    val compareReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=compareReg, reg2=resultRegister)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.AND, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=compareReg, value=0x80)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.BZ, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=compareReg, labelSymbol = notNegativeLabel)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.NEG, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.EXT, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister)
-                    code += VmCodeLabel(notNegativeLabel)
-                }
-                DataType.WORD -> {
-                    val notNegativeLabel = codeGen.createLabelName()
-                    val compareReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, VmDataType.WORD, reg1=compareReg, reg2=resultRegister)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.AND, VmDataType.WORD, reg1=compareReg, value=0x8000)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.BZ, VmDataType.WORD, reg1=compareReg, labelSymbol = notNegativeLabel)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.NEG, VmDataType.WORD, reg1=resultRegister)
-                    code += VmCodeLabel(notNegativeLabel)
-                }
-                else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcSgn(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val reg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single(), reg, -1)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SGN, codeGen.vmType(call.type), reg1=resultRegister, reg2=reg)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcSqrt16(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val reg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single(), reg, -1)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SQRT, VmDataType.WORD, reg1=resultRegister, reg2=reg)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcPop(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val reg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.POP, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=reg)
-        code += assignRegisterTo(call.args.single(), reg)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcPopw(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val reg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.POP, VmDataType.WORD, reg1=reg)
-        code += assignRegisterTo(call.args.single(), reg)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcPush(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val reg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single(), reg, -1)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.PUSH, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=reg)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcPushw(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val reg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single(), reg, -1)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.PUSH, VmDataType.WORD, reg1=reg)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcReverse(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): VmCodeChunk {
-        val arrayName = call.args[0] as PtIdentifier
-        val array = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(arrayName.targetName) as StStaticVariable
-        val sortSyscall =
-            when(array.dt) {
-                DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.STR -> Syscall.REVERSE_BYTES
-                DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W -> Syscall.REVERSE_WORDS
-                DataType.ARRAY_F -> Syscall.REVERSE_FLOATS
-                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("weird type to reverse")
-            }
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0], 0, -1)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=1, value=array.length)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value=sortSyscall.ordinal)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcSort(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): VmCodeChunk {
-        val arrayName = call.args[0] as PtIdentifier
-        val array = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(arrayName.targetName) as StStaticVariable
-        val sortSyscall =
-            when(array.dt) {
-                DataType.ARRAY_UB -> Syscall.SORT_UBYTE
-                DataType.ARRAY_B -> Syscall.SORT_BYTE
-                DataType.ARRAY_UW -> Syscall.SORT_UWORD
-                DataType.ARRAY_W -> Syscall.SORT_WORD
-                DataType.STR -> Syscall.SORT_UBYTE
-                DataType.ARRAY_F -> throw IllegalArgumentException("sorting a floating point array is not supported")
-                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("weird type to sort")
-            }
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0], 0, -1)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=1, value=array.length)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SYSCALL, value=sortSyscall.ordinal)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcMkword(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val msbReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0], msbReg, -1)
-        code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1], resultRegister, -1)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.CONCAT, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister, reg2=msbReg)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcPokeW(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(codeGen.isZero(call.args[1])) {
-            if (call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
-                val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, VmDataType.WORD, value = address)
-            } else {
-                val addressReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0], addressReg, -1)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREZI, VmDataType.WORD, reg2 = addressReg)
-            }
-        } else {
-            val valueReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-            if (call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
-                val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
-                code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1], valueReg, -1)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, VmDataType.WORD, reg1 = valueReg, value = address)
-            } else {
-                val addressReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0], addressReg, -1)
-                code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1], valueReg, -1)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREI, VmDataType.WORD, reg1 = valueReg, reg2 = addressReg)
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcPoke(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(codeGen.isZero(call.args[1])) {
-            if (call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
-                val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, VmDataType.BYTE, value = address)
-            } else {
-                val addressReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0], addressReg, -1)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREZI, VmDataType.BYTE, reg2 = addressReg)
-            }
-        } else {
-            val valueReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-            if (call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
-                val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
-                code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1], valueReg, -1)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1 = valueReg, value = address)
-            } else {
-                val addressReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0], addressReg, -1)
-                code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[1], valueReg, -1)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREI, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1 = valueReg, reg2 = addressReg)
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcPeekW(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
-            val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, VmDataType.WORD, reg1 = resultRegister, value = address)
-        } else {
-            val addressReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-            code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single(), addressReg, -1)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADI, VmDataType.WORD, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = addressReg)
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcPeek(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(call.args[0] is PtNumber) {
-            val address = (call.args[0] as PtNumber).number.toInt()
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1 = resultRegister, value = address)
-        } else {
-            val addressReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-            code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single(), addressReg, -1)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADI, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = addressReg)
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcRnd(resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.RND, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcRndw(resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.RND, VmDataType.WORD, reg1=resultRegister)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcMemory(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val name = (call.args[0] as PtString).value
-        val size = (call.args[1] as PtNumber).number.toUInt()
-        val align = (call.args[2] as PtNumber).number.toUInt()
-        val existing = codeGen.allocations.getMemorySlab(name)
-        val address = if(existing==null)
-            codeGen.allocations.allocateMemorySlab(name, size, align)
-        else if(existing.second!=size || existing.third!=align) {
-            codeGen.errors.err("memory slab '$name' already exists with a different size or alignment", call.position)
-            return VmCodeChunk()
-        }
-        else
-            existing.first
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.WORD, reg1=resultRegister, value=address.toInt())
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcLsb(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single(), resultRegister, -1)
-        // note: if a word result is needed, the upper byte is cleared by the typecast that follows. No need to do it here.
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcMsb(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args.single(), resultRegister, -1)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.MSIG, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2=resultRegister)
-        // note: if a word result is needed, the upper byte is cleared by the typecast that follows. No need to do it here.
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun funcRolRor(opcode: Opcode, call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val vmDt = codeGen.vmType(call.args[0].type)
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        code += exprGen.translateExpression(call.args[0], resultRegister, -1)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(opcode, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister)
-        code += assignRegisterTo(call.args[0], resultRegister)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun assignRegisterTo(target: PtExpression, register: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val assignment = PtAssignment(target.position)
-        val assignTarget = PtAssignTarget(target.position)
-        assignTarget.children.add(target)
-        assignment.children.add(assignTarget)
-        assignment.children.add(PtMachineRegister(register, target.type, target.position))
-        code += codeGen.translateNode(assignment)
-        return code
-    }
-}

codeGenVirtual/src/prog8/codegen/virtual/CodeGen.kt

@@ -1,814 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.codegen.virtual
-
-import prog8.code.StStaticVariable
-import prog8.code.SymbolTable
-import prog8.code.ast.*
-import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.vm.Opcode
-import prog8.vm.VmDataType
-import kotlin.math.pow
-
-
-internal class VmRegisterPool {
-    private var firstFree: Int=3        // integer registers 0,1,2 are reserved
-    private var firstFreeFloat: Int=0
-
-    fun peekNext() = firstFree
-    fun peekNextFloat() = firstFreeFloat
-
-    fun nextFree(): Int {
-        val result = firstFree
-        firstFree++
-        if(firstFree>65535)
-            throw AssemblyError("out of virtual registers (int)")
-        return result
-    }
-
-    fun nextFreeFloat(): Int {
-        val result = firstFreeFloat
-        firstFreeFloat++
-        if(firstFreeFloat>65535)
-            throw AssemblyError("out of virtual registers (fp)")
-        return result
-    }
-}
-
-
-class CodeGen(internal val program: PtProgram,
-              internal val symbolTable: SymbolTable,
-              internal val options: CompilationOptions,
-              internal val errors: IErrorReporter
-): IAssemblyGenerator {
-
-    internal val allocations = VariableAllocator(symbolTable, program)
-    private val expressionEval = ExpressionGen(this)
-    private val builtinFuncGen = BuiltinFuncGen(this, expressionEval)
-    private val assignmentGen = AssignmentGen(this, expressionEval)
-    internal val vmRegisters = VmRegisterPool()
-
-    override fun compileToAssembly(): IAssemblyProgram? {
-        val vmprog = AssemblyProgram(program.name, allocations)
-
-        if(!options.dontReinitGlobals) {
-            // collect global variables initializers
-            program.allBlocks().forEach {
-                val code = VmCodeChunk()
-                it.children.filterIsInstance<PtAssignment>().forEach { assign -> code += assignmentGen.translate(assign) }
-                vmprog.addGlobalInits(code)
-            }
-        }
-
-        if(options.symbolDefs.isNotEmpty())
-            throw AssemblyError("virtual target doesn't support symbols defined on the commandline")
-        if(options.evalStackBaseAddress!=null)
-            throw AssemblyError("virtual target doesn't use eval-stack")
-
-        for (block in program.allBlocks()) {
-            vmprog.addBlock(translate(block))
-        }
-
-        if(options.optimize) {
-            val optimizer = VmPeepholeOptimizer(vmprog)
-            optimizer.optimize()
-        }
-
-        println("Vm codegen: virtual registers=${vmRegisters.peekNext()} memory usage=${allocations.freeMem}")
-
-        return vmprog
-    }
-
-
-    internal fun translateNode(node: PtNode): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = when(node) {
-            is PtBlock -> translate(node)
-            is PtSub -> translate(node)
-            is PtAsmSub -> translate(node)
-            is PtScopeVarsDecls -> VmCodeChunk() // vars should be looked up via symbol table
-            is PtVariable -> VmCodeChunk() // var should be looked up via symbol table
-            is PtMemMapped -> VmCodeChunk() // memmapped var should be looked up via symbol table
-            is PtConstant -> VmCodeChunk() // constants have all been folded into the code
-            is PtAssignment -> assignmentGen.translate(node)
-            is PtNodeGroup -> translateGroup(node.children)
-            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> translateBuiltinFunc(node, 0)
-            is PtFunctionCall -> expressionEval.translate(node, 0, 0)
-            is PtNop -> VmCodeChunk()
-            is PtReturn -> translate(node)
-            is PtJump -> translate(node)
-            is PtWhen -> translate(node)
-            is PtForLoop -> translate(node)
-            is PtIfElse -> translate(node)
-            is PtPostIncrDecr -> translate(node)
-            is PtRepeatLoop -> translate(node)
-            is PtLabel -> VmCodeChunk(VmCodeLabel(node.scopedName))
-            is PtBreakpoint -> VmCodeChunk(VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.BREAKPOINT))
-            is PtConditionalBranch -> translate(node)
-            is PtInlineAssembly -> VmCodeChunk(VmCodeInlineAsm(node.assembly))
-            is PtIncludeBinary -> VmCodeChunk(VmCodeInlineBinary(node.file, node.offset, node.length))
-            is PtAddressOf,
-            is PtContainmentCheck,
-            is PtMemoryByte,
-            is PtProgram,
-            is PtArrayIndexer,
-            is PtBinaryExpression,
-            is PtIdentifier,
-            is PtWhenChoice,
-            is PtPrefix,
-            is PtRange,
-            is PtAssignTarget,
-            is PtTypeCast,
-            is PtSubroutineParameter,
-            is PtNumber,
-            is PtArray,
-            is PtString -> throw AssemblyError("should not occur as separate statement node ${node.position}")
-            else -> TODO("missing codegen for $node")
-        }
-        if(code.lines.isNotEmpty() && node.position.line!=0)
-            code.lines.add(0, VmCodeComment(node.position.toString()))
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun translate(branch: PtConditionalBranch): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val elseLabel = createLabelName()
-        // note that the branch opcode used is the opposite as the branch condition, because the generated code jumps to the 'else' part
-        code += when(branch.condition) {
-            BranchCondition.CS -> VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.BSTCC, labelSymbol = elseLabel)
-            BranchCondition.CC -> VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.BSTCS, labelSymbol = elseLabel)
-            BranchCondition.EQ, BranchCondition.Z -> VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.BSTNE, labelSymbol = elseLabel)
-            BranchCondition.NE, BranchCondition.NZ -> VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.BSTEQ, labelSymbol = elseLabel)
-            BranchCondition.MI, BranchCondition.NEG -> VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.BSTPOS, labelSymbol = elseLabel)
-            BranchCondition.PL, BranchCondition.POS -> VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.BSTNEG, labelSymbol = elseLabel)
-            BranchCondition.VC,
-            BranchCondition.VS -> throw AssemblyError("conditional branch ${branch.condition} not supported in vm target due to lack of cpu V flag ${branch.position}")
-        }
-        code += translateNode(branch.trueScope)
-        if(branch.falseScope.children.isNotEmpty()) {
-            val endLabel = createLabelName()
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = endLabel)
-            code += VmCodeLabel(elseLabel)
-            code += translateNode(branch.falseScope)
-            code += VmCodeLabel(endLabel)
-        } else {
-            code += VmCodeLabel(elseLabel)
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun translate(whenStmt: PtWhen): VmCodeChunk {
-        if(whenStmt.choices.children.isEmpty())
-            return VmCodeChunk()
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val valueReg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        val choiceReg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        val valueDt = vmType(whenStmt.value.type)
-        code += expressionEval.translateExpression(whenStmt.value, valueReg, -1)
-        val choices = whenStmt.choices.children.map {it as PtWhenChoice }
-        val endLabel = createLabelName()
-        for (choice in choices) {
-            if(choice.isElse) {
-                code += translateNode(choice.statements)
-            } else {
-                val skipLabel = createLabelName()
-                val values = choice.values.children.map {it as PtNumber}
-                if(values.size==1) {
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, valueDt, reg1=choiceReg, value=values[0].number.toInt())
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.BNE, valueDt, reg1=valueReg, reg2=choiceReg, labelSymbol = skipLabel)
-                    code += translateNode(choice.statements)
-                    if(choice.statements.children.last() !is PtReturn)
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = endLabel)
-                } else {
-                    val matchLabel = createLabelName()
-                    for (value in values) {
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, valueDt, reg1=choiceReg, value=value.number.toInt())
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.BEQ, valueDt, reg1=valueReg, reg2=choiceReg, labelSymbol = matchLabel)
-                    }
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = skipLabel)
-                    code += VmCodeLabel(matchLabel)
-                    code += translateNode(choice.statements)
-                    if(choice.statements.children.last() !is PtReturn)
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = endLabel)
-                }
-                code += VmCodeLabel(skipLabel)
-            }
-        }
-        code += VmCodeLabel(endLabel)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun translate(forLoop: PtForLoop): VmCodeChunk {
-        val loopvar = symbolTable.lookup(forLoop.variable.targetName) as StStaticVariable
-        val iterable = forLoop.iterable
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        when(iterable) {
-            is PtRange -> {
-                if(iterable.from is PtNumber && iterable.to is PtNumber)
-                    code += translateForInConstantRange(forLoop, loopvar)
-                else
-                    code += translateForInNonConstantRange(forLoop, loopvar)
-            }
-            is PtIdentifier -> {
-                val arrayAddress = allocations.get(iterable.targetName)
-                val iterableVar = symbolTable.lookup(iterable.targetName) as StStaticVariable
-                val loopvarAddress = allocations.get(loopvar.scopedName)
-                val indexReg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                val tmpReg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                val loopLabel = createLabelName()
-                val endLabel = createLabelName()
-                if(iterableVar.dt==DataType.STR) {
-                    // iterate over a zero-terminated string
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=indexReg, value=0)
-                    code += VmCodeLabel(loopLabel)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADX, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=tmpReg, reg2=indexReg, value = arrayAddress)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.BZ, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=tmpReg, labelSymbol = endLabel)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=tmpReg, value = loopvarAddress)
-                    code += translateNode(forLoop.statements)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.INC, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=indexReg)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = loopLabel)
-                    code += VmCodeLabel(endLabel)
-                } else {
-                    // iterate over array
-                    val elementDt = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterable.type)
-                    val elementSize = program.memsizer.memorySize(elementDt)
-                    val lengthBytes = iterableVar.length!! * elementSize
-                    if(lengthBytes<256) {
-                        val lengthReg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=indexReg, value=0)
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=lengthReg, value=lengthBytes)
-                        code += VmCodeLabel(loopLabel)
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADX, vmType(elementDt), reg1=tmpReg, reg2=indexReg, value=arrayAddress)
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmType(elementDt), reg1=tmpReg, value = loopvarAddress)
-                        code += translateNode(forLoop.statements)
-                        code += addConstReg(VmDataType.BYTE, indexReg, elementSize)
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.BNE, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=indexReg, reg2=lengthReg, labelSymbol = loopLabel)
-                    } else if(lengthBytes==256) {
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=indexReg, value=0)
-                        code += VmCodeLabel(loopLabel)
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADX, vmType(elementDt), reg1=tmpReg, reg2=indexReg, value=arrayAddress)
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmType(elementDt), reg1=tmpReg, value = loopvarAddress)
-                        code += translateNode(forLoop.statements)
-                        code += addConstReg(VmDataType.BYTE, indexReg, elementSize)
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.BNZ, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=indexReg, labelSymbol = loopLabel)
-                    } else {
-                        throw AssemblyError("iterator length should never exceed 256")
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird for iterable")
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun translateForInNonConstantRange(forLoop: PtForLoop, loopvar: StStaticVariable): VmCodeChunk {
-        val iterable = forLoop.iterable as PtRange
-        val step = iterable.step.number.toInt()
-        if (step==0)
-            throw AssemblyError("step 0")
-        val indexReg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        val endvalueReg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        val loopvarAddress = allocations.get(loopvar.scopedName)
-        val loopvarDt = vmType(loopvar.dt)
-        val loopLabel = createLabelName()
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-
-        code += expressionEval.translateExpression(iterable.to, endvalueReg, -1)
-        code += expressionEval.translateExpression(iterable.from, indexReg, -1)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, loopvarDt, reg1=indexReg, value=loopvarAddress)
-        code += VmCodeLabel(loopLabel)
-        code += translateNode(forLoop.statements)
-        code += addConstMem(loopvarDt, loopvarAddress.toUInt(), step)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, loopvarDt, reg1 = indexReg, value = loopvarAddress)
-        val branchOpcode = if(loopvar.dt in SignedDatatypes) Opcode.BLES else Opcode.BLE
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(branchOpcode, loopvarDt, reg1=indexReg, reg2=endvalueReg, labelSymbol=loopLabel)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun translateForInConstantRange(forLoop: PtForLoop, loopvar: StStaticVariable): VmCodeChunk {
-        val loopLabel = createLabelName()
-        val loopvarAddress = allocations.get(loopvar.scopedName)
-        val indexReg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        val loopvarDt = vmType(loopvar.dt)
-        val iterable = forLoop.iterable as PtRange
-        val step = iterable.step.number.toInt()
-        val rangeStart = (iterable.from as PtNumber).number.toInt()
-        val rangeEndUntyped = (iterable.to as PtNumber).number.toInt() + step
-        if(step==0)
-            throw AssemblyError("step 0")
-        if(step>0 && rangeEndUntyped<rangeStart || step<0 && rangeEndUntyped>rangeStart)
-            throw AssemblyError("empty range")
-        val rangeEndWrapped = if(loopvarDt==VmDataType.BYTE) rangeEndUntyped and 255 else rangeEndUntyped and 65535
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val endvalueReg: Int
-        if(rangeEndWrapped!=0) {
-            endvalueReg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, loopvarDt, reg1 = endvalueReg, value = rangeEndWrapped)
-        } else {
-            endvalueReg = -1 // not used
-        }
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, loopvarDt, reg1=indexReg, value=rangeStart)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, loopvarDt, reg1=indexReg, value=loopvarAddress)
-        code += VmCodeLabel(loopLabel)
-        code += translateNode(forLoop.statements)
-        code += addConstMem(loopvarDt, loopvarAddress.toUInt(), step)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, loopvarDt, reg1 = indexReg, value = loopvarAddress)
-        code += if(rangeEndWrapped==0) {
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.BNZ, loopvarDt, reg1 = indexReg, labelSymbol = loopLabel)
-        } else {
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.BNE, loopvarDt, reg1 = indexReg, reg2 = endvalueReg, labelSymbol = loopLabel)
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun addConstReg(dt: VmDataType, reg: Int, value: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        when(value) {
-            0 -> { /* do nothing */ }
-            1 -> {
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.INC, dt, reg1=reg)
-            }
-            2 -> {
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.INC, dt, reg1=reg)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.INC, dt, reg1=reg)
-            }
-            -1 -> {
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DEC, dt, reg1=reg)
-            }
-            -2 -> {
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DEC, dt, reg1=reg)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DEC, dt, reg1=reg)
-            }
-            else -> {
-                code += if(value>0) {
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.ADD, dt, reg1 = reg, value=value)
-                } else {
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SUB, dt, reg1 = reg, value=-value)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun addConstMem(dt: VmDataType, address: UInt, value: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        when(value) {
-            0 -> { /* do nothing */ }
-            1 -> {
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.INCM, dt, value=address.toInt())
-            }
-            2 -> {
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.INCM, dt, value=address.toInt())
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.INCM, dt, value=address.toInt())
-            }
-            -1 -> {
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DECM, dt, value=address.toInt())
-            }
-            -2 -> {
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DECM, dt, value=address.toInt())
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DECM, dt, value=address.toInt())
-            }
-            else -> {
-                val valueReg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                if(value>0) {
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, dt, reg1=valueReg, value=value)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.ADDM, dt, reg1=valueReg, value=address.toInt())
-                }
-                else {
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, dt, reg1=valueReg, value=-value)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SUBM, dt, reg1=valueReg, value=address.toInt())
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    internal fun multiplyByConstFloat(fpReg: Int, factor: Float): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(factor==1f)
-            return code
-        code += if(factor==0f) {
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = fpReg, fpValue = 0f)
-        } else {
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.MUL, VmDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = fpReg, fpValue=factor)
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    internal fun multiplyByConstFloatInplace(address: Int, factor: Float): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(factor==1f)
-            return code
-        if(factor==0f) {
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, VmDataType.FLOAT, value = address)
-        } else {
-            val factorReg = vmRegisters.nextFreeFloat()
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1=factorReg, fpValue = factor)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.MULM, VmDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = factorReg, value = address)
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    internal val powersOfTwo = (0..16).map { 2.0.pow(it.toDouble()).toInt() }
-
-    internal fun multiplyByConst(dt: VmDataType, reg: Int, factor: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(factor==1)
-            return code
-        val pow2 = powersOfTwo.indexOf(factor)
-        if(pow2==1) {
-            // just shift 1 bit
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LSL, dt, reg1=reg)
-        }
-        else if(pow2>=1) {
-            // just shift multiple bits
-            val pow2reg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, dt, reg1=pow2reg, value=pow2)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LSLN, dt, reg1=reg, reg2=pow2reg)
-        } else {
-            code += if (factor == 0) {
-                VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, dt, reg1=reg, value=0)
-            } else {
-                VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.MUL, dt, reg1=reg, value=factor)
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    internal fun multiplyByConstInplace(dt: VmDataType, address: Int, factor: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(factor==1)
-            return code
-        val pow2 = powersOfTwo.indexOf(factor)
-        if(pow2==1) {
-            // just shift 1 bit
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LSLM, dt, value = address)
-        }
-        else if(pow2>=1) {
-            // just shift multiple bits
-            val pow2reg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, dt, reg1=pow2reg, value=pow2)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LSLNM, dt, reg1=pow2reg, value=address)
-        } else {
-            if (factor == 0) {
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, dt, value=address)
-            }
-            else {
-                val factorReg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, dt, reg1=factorReg, value = factor)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.MULM, dt, reg1=factorReg, value = address)
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    internal fun divideByConstFloat(fpReg: Int, factor: Float): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(factor==1f)
-            return code
-        code += if(factor==0f) {
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = fpReg, fpValue = Float.MAX_VALUE)
-        } else {
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DIVS, VmDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = fpReg, fpValue=factor)
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    internal fun divideByConstFloatInplace(address: Int, factor: Float): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(factor==1f)
-            return code
-        if(factor==0f) {
-            val maxvalueReg = vmRegisters.nextFreeFloat()
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = maxvalueReg, fpValue = Float.MAX_VALUE)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, VmDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = maxvalueReg, value=address)
-        } else {
-            val factorReg = vmRegisters.nextFreeFloat()
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1=factorReg, fpValue = factor)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DIVSM, VmDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = factorReg, value=address)
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    internal fun divideByConst(dt: VmDataType, reg: Int, factor: Int, signed: Boolean): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(factor==1)
-            return code
-        val pow2 = powersOfTwo.indexOf(factor)
-        if(pow2==1 && !signed) {
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LSR, dt, reg1=reg)     // simple single bit shift
-        }
-        else if(pow2>=1 &&!signed) {
-            // just shift multiple bits
-            val pow2reg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, dt, reg1=pow2reg, value=pow2)
-            code += if(signed)
-                VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.ASRN, dt, reg1=reg, reg2=pow2reg)
-            else
-                VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LSRN, dt, reg1=reg, reg2=pow2reg)
-        } else {
-            code += if (factor == 0) {
-                VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, dt, reg1=reg, value=0xffff)
-            } else {
-                if(signed)
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DIVS, dt, reg1=reg, value=factor)
-                else
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DIV, dt, reg1=reg, value=factor)
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    internal fun divideByConstInplace(dt: VmDataType, address: Int, factor: Int, signed: Boolean): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(factor==1)
-            return code
-        val pow2 = powersOfTwo.indexOf(factor)
-        if(pow2==1 && !signed) {
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LSRM, dt, value=address)       // just simple bit shift
-        }
-        else if(pow2>=1 && !signed) {
-            // just shift multiple bits
-            val pow2reg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, dt, reg1=pow2reg, value=pow2)
-            code += if(signed)
-                VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.ASRNM, dt, reg1=pow2reg, value=address)
-            else
-                VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LSRNM, dt, reg1=pow2reg, value=address)
-        } else {
-            if (factor == 0) {
-                val reg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, dt, reg1=reg, value=0xffff)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, dt, reg1=reg, value=address)
-            }
-            else {
-                val factorReg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, dt, reg1=factorReg, value= factor)
-                code += if(signed)
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DIVSM, dt, reg1=factorReg, value=address)
-                else
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DIVM, dt, reg1=factorReg, value=address)
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun translate(ifElse: PtIfElse): VmCodeChunk {
-        if(ifElse.condition.operator !in ComparisonOperators)
-            throw AssemblyError("if condition should only be a binary comparison expression")
-
-        val signed = ifElse.condition.left.type in arrayOf(DataType.BYTE, DataType.WORD, DataType.FLOAT)
-        val vmDt = vmType(ifElse.condition.left.type)
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-
-        fun translateNonZeroComparison(): VmCodeChunk {
-            val elseBranch = when(ifElse.condition.operator) {
-                "==" -> Opcode.BNE
-                "!=" -> Opcode.BEQ
-                "<" -> if(signed) Opcode.BGES else Opcode.BGE
-                ">" -> if(signed) Opcode.BLES else Opcode.BLE
-                "<=" -> if(signed) Opcode.BGTS else Opcode.BGT
-                ">=" -> if(signed) Opcode.BLTS else Opcode.BLT
-                else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid comparison operator")
-            }
-
-            val leftReg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-            val rightReg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-            code += expressionEval.translateExpression(ifElse.condition.left, leftReg, -1)
-            code += expressionEval.translateExpression(ifElse.condition.right, rightReg, -1)
-            if(ifElse.elseScope.children.isNotEmpty()) {
-                // if and else parts
-                val elseLabel = createLabelName()
-                val afterIfLabel = createLabelName()
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(elseBranch, vmDt, reg1=leftReg, reg2=rightReg, labelSymbol = elseLabel)
-                code += translateNode(ifElse.ifScope)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = afterIfLabel)
-                code += VmCodeLabel(elseLabel)
-                code += translateNode(ifElse.elseScope)
-                code += VmCodeLabel(afterIfLabel)
-            } else {
-                // only if part
-                val afterIfLabel = createLabelName()
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(elseBranch, vmDt, reg1=leftReg, reg2=rightReg, labelSymbol = afterIfLabel)
-                code += translateNode(ifElse.ifScope)
-                code += VmCodeLabel(afterIfLabel)
-            }
-            return code
-        }
-
-        fun translateZeroComparison(): VmCodeChunk {
-            fun equalOrNotEqualZero(elseBranch: Opcode): VmCodeChunk {
-                val leftReg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += expressionEval.translateExpression(ifElse.condition.left, leftReg, -1)
-                if(ifElse.elseScope.children.isNotEmpty()) {
-                    // if and else parts
-                    val elseLabel = createLabelName()
-                    val afterIfLabel = createLabelName()
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(elseBranch, vmDt, reg1=leftReg, labelSymbol = elseLabel)
-                    code += translateNode(ifElse.ifScope)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = afterIfLabel)
-                    code += VmCodeLabel(elseLabel)
-                    code += translateNode(ifElse.elseScope)
-                    code += VmCodeLabel(afterIfLabel)
-                } else {
-                    // only if part
-                    val afterIfLabel = createLabelName()
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(elseBranch, vmDt, reg1=leftReg, labelSymbol = afterIfLabel)
-                    code += translateNode(ifElse.ifScope)
-                    code += VmCodeLabel(afterIfLabel)
-                }
-                return code
-            }
-
-            return when (ifElse.condition.operator) {
-                "==" -> {
-                    // if X==0 ...   so we just branch on left expr is Not-zero.
-                    equalOrNotEqualZero(Opcode.BNZ)
-                }
-                "!=" -> {
-                    // if X!=0 ...   so we just branch on left expr is Zero.
-                    equalOrNotEqualZero(Opcode.BZ)
-                }
-                else -> {
-                    // another comparison against 0, just use regular codegen for this.
-                    translateNonZeroComparison()
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        return if(constValue(ifElse.condition.right)==0.0)
-            translateZeroComparison()
-        else
-            translateNonZeroComparison()
-    }
-
-
-    private fun translate(postIncrDecr: PtPostIncrDecr): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val operationMem: Opcode
-        val operationRegister: Opcode
-        when(postIncrDecr.operator) {
-            "++" -> {
-                operationMem = Opcode.INCM
-                operationRegister = Opcode.INC
-            }
-            "--" -> {
-                operationMem = Opcode.DECM
-                operationRegister = Opcode.DEC
-            }
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird operator")
-        }
-        val ident = postIncrDecr.target.identifier
-        val memory = postIncrDecr.target.memory
-        val array = postIncrDecr.target.array
-        val vmDt = vmType(postIncrDecr.target.type)
-        if(ident!=null) {
-            val address = allocations.get(ident.targetName)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(operationMem, vmDt, value = address)
-        } else if(memory!=null) {
-            if(memory.address is PtNumber) {
-                val address = (memory.address as PtNumber).number.toInt()
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(operationMem, vmDt, value = address)
-            } else {
-                val incReg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                val addressReg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += expressionEval.translateExpression(memory.address, addressReg, -1)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADI, vmDt, reg1 = incReg, reg2 = addressReg)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(operationRegister, vmDt, reg1 = incReg)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREI, vmDt, reg1 = incReg, reg2 = addressReg)
-            }
-        } else if (array!=null) {
-            val variable = array.variable.targetName
-            var variableAddr = allocations.get(variable)
-            val itemsize = program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type)
-            val fixedIndex = constIntValue(array.index)
-            if(fixedIndex!=null) {
-                variableAddr += fixedIndex*itemsize
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(operationMem, vmDt, value=variableAddr)
-            } else {
-                val incReg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                val indexReg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += expressionEval.translateExpression(array.index, indexReg, -1)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADX, vmDt, reg1=incReg, reg2=indexReg, value=variableAddr)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(operationRegister, vmDt, reg1=incReg)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREX, vmDt, reg1=incReg, reg2=indexReg, value=variableAddr)
-            }
-        } else
-            throw AssemblyError("weird assigntarget")
-
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun translate(repeat: PtRepeatLoop): VmCodeChunk {
-        when (constIntValue(repeat.count)) {
-            0 -> return VmCodeChunk()
-            1 -> return translateGroup(repeat.children)
-            256 -> {
-                // 256 iterations can still be done with just a byte counter if you set it to zero as starting value.
-                repeat.children[0] = PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 0.0, repeat.count.position)
-            }
-        }
-
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val counterReg = vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        val vmDt = vmType(repeat.count.type)
-        code += expressionEval.translateExpression(repeat.count, counterReg, -1)
-        val repeatLabel = createLabelName()
-        code += VmCodeLabel(repeatLabel)
-        code += translateNode(repeat.statements)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DEC, vmDt, reg1=counterReg)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.BNZ, vmDt, reg1=counterReg, labelSymbol = repeatLabel)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun translate(jump: PtJump): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(jump.address!=null)
-            throw AssemblyError("cannot jump to memory location in the vm target")
-        code += if(jump.generatedLabel!=null)
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = listOf(jump.generatedLabel!!))
-        else if(jump.identifier!=null)
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = jump.identifier!!.targetName)
-        else
-            throw AssemblyError("weird jump")
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun translateGroup(group: List<PtNode>): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        group.forEach { code += translateNode(it) }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun translate(ret: PtReturn): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val value = ret.value
-        if(value!=null) {
-            // Call Convention: return value is always returned in r0 (or fr0 if float)
-            code += if(value.type==DataType.FLOAT)
-                expressionEval.translateExpression(value, -1, 0)
-            else
-                expressionEval.translateExpression(value, 0, -1)
-        }
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.RETURN)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun translate(sub: PtSub): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        code += VmCodeComment("SUB: ${sub.scopedName} -> ${sub.returntype}")
-        code += VmCodeLabel(sub.scopedName)
-        for (child in sub.children) {
-            code += translateNode(child)
-        }
-        code += VmCodeComment("SUB-END '${sub.name}'")
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun translate(sub: PtAsmSub): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        code += VmCodeComment("ASMSUB: ${sub.scopedName}")
-        code += VmCodeLabel(sub.scopedName)
-        for (child in sub.children) {
-            code += translateNode(child)
-        }
-        code += VmCodeComment("ASMSUB-END '${sub.name}'")
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun translate(block: PtBlock): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        code += VmCodeComment("BLOCK '${block.name}'  addr=${block.address}  lib=${block.library}")
-        for (child in block.children) {
-            if(child !is PtAssignment) // global variable initialization is done elsewhere
-                code += translateNode(child)
-        }
-        code += VmCodeComment("BLOCK-END '${block.name}'")
-        return code
-    }
-
-
-    internal fun vmType(type: DataType): VmDataType {
-        return when(type) {
-            DataType.BOOL,
-            DataType.UBYTE,
-            DataType.BYTE -> VmDataType.BYTE
-            DataType.UWORD,
-            DataType.WORD -> VmDataType.WORD
-            DataType.FLOAT -> VmDataType.FLOAT
-            in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> VmDataType.WORD
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("no vm datatype for $type")
-        }
-    }
-
-    private var labelSequenceNumber = 0
-    internal fun createLabelName(): List<String> {
-        labelSequenceNumber++
-        return listOf("prog8_label_gen_$labelSequenceNumber")
-    }
-
-    internal fun translateBuiltinFunc(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk =
-        builtinFuncGen.translate(call, resultRegister)
-
-    internal fun isZero(expression: PtExpression): Boolean = expression is PtNumber && expression.number==0.0
-
-    internal fun isOne(expression: PtExpression): Boolean = expression is PtNumber && expression.number==1.0
-}
-

codeGenVirtual/src/prog8/codegen/virtual/ExpressionGen.kt

@@ -1,865 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.codegen.virtual
-
-import prog8.code.StRomSub
-import prog8.code.StStaticVariable
-import prog8.code.StSub
-import prog8.code.StSubroutineParameter
-import prog8.code.ast.*
-import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.vm.Opcode
-import prog8.vm.VmDataType
-
-
-internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: CodeGen) {
-    fun translateExpression(expr: PtExpression, resultRegister: Int, resultFpRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        require(codeGen.vmRegisters.peekNext() > resultRegister)
-
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-
-        when (expr) {
-            is PtMachineRegister -> {
-                if(resultRegister!=expr.register) {
-                    val vmDt = codeGen.vmType(expr.type)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister, reg2=expr.register)
-                }
-            }
-            is PtNumber -> {
-                val vmDt = codeGen.vmType(expr.type)
-                code += if(vmDt==VmDataType.FLOAT)
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister, fpValue = expr.number.toFloat())
-                else
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister, value=expr.number.toInt())
-            }
-            is PtIdentifier -> {
-                val vmDt = codeGen.vmType(expr.type)
-                val mem = codeGen.allocations.get(expr.targetName)
-                code += if (expr.type in PassByValueDatatypes) {
-                    if(vmDt==VmDataType.FLOAT)
-                        VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister, value = mem)
-                    else
-                        VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, value = mem)
-                } else {
-                    // for strings and arrays etc., load the *address* of the value instead
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, value = mem)
-                }
-            }
-            is PtAddressOf -> {
-                val vmDt = codeGen.vmType(expr.type)
-                val mem = codeGen.allocations.get(expr.identifier.targetName)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister, value=mem)
-            }
-            is PtMemoryByte -> {
-                if(expr.address is PtNumber) {
-                    val address = (expr.address as PtNumber).number.toInt()
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister, value = address)
-                } else {
-                    val addressRegister = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                    code += translateExpression(expr.address, addressRegister, -1)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADI, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister, reg2=addressRegister)
-                }
-            }
-            is PtTypeCast -> code += translate(expr, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
-            is PtPrefix -> code += translate(expr, resultRegister)
-            is PtArrayIndexer -> code += translate(expr, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
-            is PtBinaryExpression -> code += translate(expr, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
-            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> code += codeGen.translateBuiltinFunc(expr, resultRegister)
-            is PtFunctionCall -> code += translate(expr, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
-            is PtContainmentCheck -> code += translate(expr, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
-            is PtRange,
-            is PtArray,
-            is PtString -> throw AssemblyError("range/arrayliteral/string should no longer occur as expression")
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird expression")
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun translate(check: PtContainmentCheck, resultRegister: Int, resultFpRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        code += translateExpression(check.element, resultRegister, -1)   // load the element to check in resultRegister
-        val iterable = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(check.iterable.targetName) as StStaticVariable
-        when(iterable.dt) {
-            DataType.STR -> {
-                val call = PtFunctionCall(listOf("prog8_lib", "string_contains"), false, DataType.UBYTE, check.position)
-                call.children.add(check.element)
-                call.children.add(check.iterable)
-                code += translate(call, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
-            }
-            DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
-                val call = PtFunctionCall(listOf("prog8_lib", "bytearray_contains"), false, DataType.UBYTE, check.position)
-                call.children.add(check.element)
-                call.children.add(check.iterable)
-                call.children.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, iterable.length!!.toDouble(), iterable.position))
-                code += translate(call, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
-            }
-            DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W -> {
-                val call = PtFunctionCall(listOf("prog8_lib", "wordarray_contains"), false, DataType.UBYTE, check.position)
-                call.children.add(check.element)
-                call.children.add(check.iterable)
-                call.children.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, iterable.length!!.toDouble(), iterable.position))
-                code += translate(call, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
-            }
-            DataType.ARRAY_F -> throw AssemblyError("containment check in float-array not supported")
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird iterable dt ${iterable.dt} for ${check.iterable.targetName}")
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun translate(arrayIx: PtArrayIndexer, resultRegister: Int, resultFpRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val eltSize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(arrayIx.type)
-        val vmDt = codeGen.vmType(arrayIx.type)
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val idxReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        val arrayLocation = codeGen.allocations.get(arrayIx.variable.targetName)
-
-        if(arrayIx.variable.type==DataType.UWORD) {
-            // indexing a pointer var instead of a real array or string
-            if(eltSize!=1)
-                throw AssemblyError("non-array var indexing requires bytes dt")
-            if(arrayIx.index.type!=DataType.UBYTE)
-                throw AssemblyError("non-array var indexing requires bytes index")
-            code += translateExpression(arrayIx.index, idxReg, -1)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADIX, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister, reg2=idxReg, value = arrayLocation)
-            return code
-        }
-
-        if(arrayIx.index is PtNumber) {
-            // optimized code when index is known - just calculate the memory address here
-            val memOffset = (arrayIx.index as PtNumber).number.toInt() * eltSize
-            if(vmDt==VmDataType.FLOAT)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, VmDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1=resultFpRegister, value=arrayLocation+memOffset)
-            else
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister, value=arrayLocation+memOffset)
-        } else {
-            code += translateExpression(arrayIx.index, idxReg, -1)
-            if(eltSize>1)
-                code += codeGen.multiplyByConst(VmDataType.BYTE, idxReg, eltSize)
-            if(vmDt==VmDataType.FLOAT)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADX, VmDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister, reg1=idxReg, value = arrayLocation)
-            else
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADX, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister, reg2=idxReg, value = arrayLocation)
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun translate(expr: PtPrefix, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        code += translateExpression(expr.value, resultRegister, -1)
-        val vmDt = codeGen.vmType(expr.type)
-        when(expr.operator) {
-            "+" -> { }
-            "-" -> {
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.NEG, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister)
-            }
-            "~" -> {
-                val mask = if(vmDt==VmDataType.BYTE) 0x00ff else 0xffff
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.XOR, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister, value=mask)
-            }
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird prefix operator")
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun translate(cast: PtTypeCast, predefinedResultRegister: Int, predefinedResultFpRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(cast.type==cast.value.type)
-            return code
-        val actualResultFpReg = if(predefinedResultFpRegister>=0) predefinedResultFpRegister else codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFreeFloat()
-        val actualResultReg = if(predefinedResultRegister>=0) predefinedResultRegister else codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        if(cast.value.type==DataType.FLOAT) {
-            // a cast from float to integer, so evaluate the value into a float register first
-            code += translateExpression(cast.value, -1, actualResultFpReg)
-        }
-        else
-            code += translateExpression(cast.value, actualResultReg, -1)
-        when(cast.type) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> {
-                when(cast.value.type) {
-                    DataType.BYTE, DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> { /* just keep the LSB as it is */ }
-                    DataType.FLOAT -> code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.FTOUB, VmDataType.FLOAT, reg1=actualResultReg, fpReg1 = actualResultFpReg)
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird cast value type")
-                }
-            }
-            DataType.BYTE -> {
-                when(cast.value.type) {
-                    DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> { /* just keep the LSB as it is */ }
-                    DataType.FLOAT -> code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.FTOSB, VmDataType.FLOAT, reg1=actualResultReg, fpReg1 = actualResultFpReg)
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird cast value type")
-                }
-            }
-            DataType.UWORD -> {
-                when(cast.value.type) {
-                    DataType.BYTE -> {
-                        // byte -> uword:   sign extend
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.EXTS, type = VmDataType.BYTE, reg1 = actualResultReg)
-                    }
-                    DataType.UBYTE -> {
-                        // ubyte -> uword:   sign extend
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.EXT, type = VmDataType.BYTE, reg1 = actualResultReg)
-                    }
-                    DataType.WORD -> { }
-                    DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.FTOUW, VmDataType.FLOAT, reg1=actualResultReg, fpReg1 = actualResultFpReg)
-                    }
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird cast value type")
-                }
-            }
-            DataType.WORD -> {
-                when(cast.value.type) {
-                    DataType.BYTE -> {
-                        // byte -> word:   sign extend
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.EXTS, type = VmDataType.BYTE, reg1 = actualResultReg)
-                    }
-                    DataType.UBYTE -> {
-                        // byte -> word:   sign extend
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.EXT, type = VmDataType.BYTE, reg1 = actualResultReg)
-                    }
-                    DataType.UWORD -> { }
-                    DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.FTOSW, VmDataType.FLOAT, reg1=actualResultReg, fpReg1 = actualResultFpReg)
-                    }
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird cast value type")
-                }
-            }
-            DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                code += when(cast.value.type) {
-                    DataType.UBYTE -> {
-                        VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.FFROMUB, VmDataType.FLOAT, reg1=actualResultReg, fpReg1 = actualResultFpReg)
-                    }
-                    DataType.BYTE -> {
-                        VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.FFROMSB, VmDataType.FLOAT, reg1=actualResultReg, fpReg1 = actualResultFpReg)
-                    }
-                    DataType.UWORD -> {
-                        VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.FFROMUW, VmDataType.FLOAT, reg1=actualResultReg, fpReg1 = actualResultFpReg)
-                    }
-                    DataType.WORD -> {
-                        VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.FFROMSW, VmDataType.FLOAT, reg1=actualResultReg, fpReg1 = actualResultFpReg)
-                    }
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird cast value type")
-                }
-            }
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird cast type")
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun translate(binExpr: PtBinaryExpression, resultRegister: Int, resultFpRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val vmDt = codeGen.vmType(binExpr.left.type)
-        val signed = binExpr.left.type in SignedDatatypes
-        return when(binExpr.operator) {
-            "+" -> operatorPlus(binExpr, vmDt, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
-            "-" -> operatorMinus(binExpr, vmDt, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
-            "*" -> operatorMultiply(binExpr, vmDt, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
-            "/" -> operatorDivide(binExpr, vmDt, resultRegister, resultFpRegister, signed)
-            "%" -> operatorModulo(binExpr, vmDt, resultRegister)
-            "|" -> operatorOr(binExpr, vmDt, resultRegister)
-            "&" -> operatorAnd(binExpr, vmDt, resultRegister)
-            "^" -> operatorXor(binExpr, vmDt, resultRegister)
-            "<<" -> operatorShiftLeft(binExpr, vmDt, resultRegister)
-            ">>" -> operatorShiftRight(binExpr, vmDt, resultRegister, signed)
-            "==" -> operatorEquals(binExpr, vmDt, resultRegister, false)
-            "!=" -> operatorEquals(binExpr, vmDt, resultRegister, true)
-            "<" -> operatorLessThan(binExpr, vmDt, resultRegister, signed, false)
-            ">" -> operatorGreaterThan(binExpr, vmDt, resultRegister, signed, false)
-            "<=" -> operatorLessThan(binExpr, vmDt, resultRegister, signed, true)
-            ">=" -> operatorGreaterThan(binExpr, vmDt, resultRegister, signed, true)
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird operator ${binExpr.operator}")
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun operatorGreaterThan(
-        binExpr: PtBinaryExpression,
-        vmDt: VmDataType,
-        resultRegister: Int,
-        signed: Boolean,
-        greaterEquals: Boolean
-    ): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(vmDt==VmDataType.FLOAT) {
-            val leftFpReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFreeFloat()
-            val rightFpReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFreeFloat()
-            val zeroRegister = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, -1, leftFpReg)
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, -1, rightFpReg)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.FCOMP, VmDataType.FLOAT, reg1=resultRegister, fpReg1 = leftFpReg, fpReg2 = rightFpReg)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=zeroRegister, value=0)
-            val ins = if (signed) {
-                if (greaterEquals) Opcode.SGES else Opcode.SGTS
-            } else {
-                if (greaterEquals) Opcode.SGE else Opcode.SGT
-            }
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(ins, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = zeroRegister)
-        } else {
-            if(binExpr.left.type==DataType.STR && binExpr.right.type==DataType.STR) {
-                val comparisonCall = PtFunctionCall(listOf("prog8_lib", "string_compare"), false, DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY)
-                comparisonCall.children.add(binExpr.left)
-                comparisonCall.children.add(binExpr.right)
-                code += translate(comparisonCall, resultRegister, -1)
-                val zeroRegister = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=zeroRegister, value=0)
-                code += if(greaterEquals)
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SGES, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister, reg2=zeroRegister)
-                else
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SGTS, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister, reg2=zeroRegister)
-            } else {
-                val rightResultReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, rightResultReg, -1)
-                val ins = if (signed) {
-                    if (greaterEquals) Opcode.SGES else Opcode.SGTS
-                } else {
-                    if (greaterEquals) Opcode.SGE else Opcode.SGT
-                }
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(ins, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = rightResultReg)
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun operatorLessThan(
-        binExpr: PtBinaryExpression,
-        vmDt: VmDataType,
-        resultRegister: Int,
-        signed: Boolean,
-        lessEquals: Boolean
-    ): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(vmDt==VmDataType.FLOAT) {
-            val leftFpReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFreeFloat()
-            val rightFpReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFreeFloat()
-            val zeroRegister = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, -1, leftFpReg)
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, -1, rightFpReg)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.FCOMP, VmDataType.FLOAT, reg1=resultRegister, fpReg1 = leftFpReg, fpReg2 = rightFpReg)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=zeroRegister, value=0)
-            val ins = if (signed) {
-                if (lessEquals) Opcode.SLES else Opcode.SLTS
-            } else {
-                if (lessEquals) Opcode.SLE else Opcode.SLT
-            }
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(ins, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = zeroRegister)
-        } else {
-            if(binExpr.left.type==DataType.STR && binExpr.right.type==DataType.STR) {
-                val comparisonCall = PtFunctionCall(listOf("prog8_lib", "string_compare"), false, DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY)
-                comparisonCall.children.add(binExpr.left)
-                comparisonCall.children.add(binExpr.right)
-                code += translate(comparisonCall, resultRegister, -1)
-                val zeroRegister = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=zeroRegister, value=0)
-                code += if(lessEquals)
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SLES, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister, reg2=zeroRegister)
-                else
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SLTS, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister, reg2=zeroRegister)
-            } else {
-                val rightResultReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, rightResultReg, -1)
-                val ins = if (signed) {
-                    if (lessEquals) Opcode.SLES else Opcode.SLTS
-                } else {
-                    if (lessEquals) Opcode.SLE else Opcode.SLT
-                }
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(ins, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = rightResultReg)
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun operatorEquals(binExpr: PtBinaryExpression, vmDt: VmDataType, resultRegister: Int, notEquals: Boolean): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(vmDt==VmDataType.FLOAT) {
-            val leftFpReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFreeFloat()
-            val rightFpReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFreeFloat()
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, -1, leftFpReg)
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, -1, rightFpReg)
-            if (notEquals) {
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.FCOMP, VmDataType.FLOAT, reg1=resultRegister, fpReg1 = leftFpReg, fpReg2 = rightFpReg)
-            } else {
-                val label = codeGen.createLabelName()
-                val valueReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister, value=1)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.FCOMP, VmDataType.FLOAT, reg1=valueReg, fpReg1 = leftFpReg, fpReg2 = rightFpReg)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.BZ, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=valueReg, labelSymbol = label)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=resultRegister, value=0)
-                code += VmCodeLabel(label)
-            }
-        } else {
-            if(binExpr.left.type==DataType.STR && binExpr.right.type==DataType.STR) {
-                val comparisonCall = PtFunctionCall(listOf("prog8_lib", "string_compare"), false, DataType.BYTE, Position.DUMMY)
-                comparisonCall.children.add(binExpr.left)
-                comparisonCall.children.add(binExpr.right)
-                code += translate(comparisonCall, resultRegister, -1)
-                if(!notEquals)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.INV, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.AND, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister, value=1)
-            } else {
-                val rightResultReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, rightResultReg, -1)
-                val opcode = if (notEquals) Opcode.SNE else Opcode.SEQ
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(opcode, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = rightResultReg)
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun operatorShiftRight(binExpr: PtBinaryExpression, vmDt: VmDataType, resultRegister: Int, signed: Boolean): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(codeGen.isOne(binExpr.right)) {
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-            val opc = if (signed) Opcode.ASR else Opcode.LSR
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(opc, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister)
-        } else {
-            val rightResultReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, rightResultReg, -1)
-            val opc = if (signed) Opcode.ASRN else Opcode.LSRN
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(opc, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = rightResultReg)
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    internal fun operatorShiftRightInplace(address: Int, vmDt: VmDataType,  signed: Boolean, operand: PtExpression): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(codeGen.isOne(operand)) {
-            val opc = if (signed) Opcode.ASRM else Opcode.LSRM
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(opc, vmDt, value=address)
-        } else {
-            val operandReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-            code += translateExpression(operand, operandReg, -1)
-            val opc = if (signed) Opcode.ASRNM else Opcode.LSRNM
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(opc, vmDt, reg1 = operandReg, value=address)
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun operatorShiftLeft(binExpr: PtBinaryExpression, vmDt: VmDataType, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(codeGen.isOne(binExpr.right)){
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LSL, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister)
-        } else {
-            val rightResultReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, rightResultReg, -1)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LSLN, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister, rightResultReg)
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    internal fun operatorShiftLeftInplace(address: Int, vmDt: VmDataType, operand: PtExpression): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(codeGen.isOne(operand)){
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LSLM, vmDt, value=address)
-        } else {
-            val operandReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-            code += translateExpression(operand, operandReg, -1)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LSLNM, vmDt, reg1=operandReg, value=address)
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun operatorXor(binExpr: PtBinaryExpression, vmDt: VmDataType, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(binExpr.right is PtNumber) {
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.XOR, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, value=(binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt())
-        } else {
-            val rightResultReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, rightResultReg, -1)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.XORR, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = rightResultReg)
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    internal fun operatorXorInplace(address: Int, vmDt: VmDataType, operand: PtExpression): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val operandReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        code += translateExpression(operand, operandReg, -1)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.XORM, vmDt, reg1=operandReg, value = address)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun operatorAnd(binExpr: PtBinaryExpression, vmDt: VmDataType, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(binExpr.right is PtNumber) {
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.AND, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, value=(binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt())
-        } else {
-            val rightResultReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, rightResultReg, -1)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.ANDR, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = rightResultReg)
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    internal  fun operatorAndInplace(address: Int, vmDt: VmDataType, operand: PtExpression): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val operandReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        code += translateExpression(operand, operandReg, -1)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.ANDM, vmDt, reg1=operandReg, value=address)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun operatorOr(binExpr: PtBinaryExpression, vmDt: VmDataType, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(binExpr.right is PtNumber) {
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.OR, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, value=(binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt())
-        } else {
-            val rightResultReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, rightResultReg, -1)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.ORR, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = rightResultReg)
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    internal fun operatorOrInplace(address: Int, vmDt: VmDataType, operand: PtExpression): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val operandReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        code += translateExpression(operand, operandReg, -1)
-        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.ORM, vmDt, reg1=operandReg, value = address)
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun operatorModulo(binExpr: PtBinaryExpression, vmDt: VmDataType, resultRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        if(vmDt==VmDataType.FLOAT)
-            throw IllegalArgumentException("floating-point modulo not supported")
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val rightResultReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-        if(binExpr.right is PtNumber) {
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.MOD, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, value=(binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt())
-        } else {
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-            code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, rightResultReg, -1)
-            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.MODR, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = rightResultReg)
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun operatorDivide(binExpr: PtBinaryExpression,
-                               vmDt: VmDataType,
-                               resultRegister: Int,
-                               resultFpRegister: Int,
-                               signed: Boolean): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val constFactorRight = binExpr.right as? PtNumber
-        if(vmDt==VmDataType.FLOAT) {
-            if(constFactorRight!=null && constFactorRight.type!=DataType.FLOAT) {
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, -1, resultFpRegister)
-                val factor = constFactorRight.number.toFloat()
-                code += codeGen.divideByConstFloat(resultFpRegister, factor)
-            } else {
-                val rightResultFpReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFreeFloat()
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, -1, resultFpRegister)
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, -1, rightResultFpReg)
-                code += if(signed)
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DIVSR, vmDt, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister, fpReg2=rightResultFpReg)
-                else
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DIVR, vmDt, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister, fpReg2=rightResultFpReg)
-            }
-        } else {
-            if(constFactorRight!=null && constFactorRight.type!=DataType.FLOAT) {
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-                val factor = constFactorRight.number.toInt()
-                code += codeGen.divideByConst(vmDt, resultRegister, factor, signed)
-            } else {
-                val rightResultReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                if(binExpr.right is PtNumber) {
-                    code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-                    code += if (signed)
-                        VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DIVS, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, value=(binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt())
-                    else
-                        VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DIV, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, value=(binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt())
-                } else {
-                    code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-                    code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, rightResultReg, -1)
-                    code += if (signed)
-                        VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DIVSR, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = rightResultReg)
-                    else
-                        VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DIVR, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = rightResultReg)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    internal fun operatorDivideInplace(address: Int, vmDt: VmDataType, signed: Boolean, operand: PtExpression): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val constFactorRight = operand as? PtNumber
-        if(vmDt==VmDataType.FLOAT) {
-            if(constFactorRight!=null && constFactorRight.type!=DataType.FLOAT) {
-                val factor = constFactorRight.number.toFloat()
-                code += codeGen.divideByConstFloatInplace(address, factor)
-            } else {
-                val operandFpReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFreeFloat()
-                code += translateExpression(operand, -1, operandFpReg)
-                code += if(signed)
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DIVSM, vmDt, fpReg1 = operandFpReg, value=address)
-                else
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DIVM, vmDt, fpReg1 = operandFpReg, value=address)
-            }
-        } else {
-            if(constFactorRight!=null && constFactorRight.type!=DataType.FLOAT) {
-                val factor = constFactorRight.number.toInt()
-                code += codeGen.divideByConstInplace(vmDt, address, factor, signed)
-            } else {
-                val operandReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += translateExpression(operand, operandReg, -1)
-                code += if(signed)
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DIVSM, vmDt, reg1=operandReg, value = address)
-                else
-                    VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DIVM, vmDt, reg1=operandReg, value = address)
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun operatorMultiply(binExpr: PtBinaryExpression, vmDt: VmDataType, resultRegister: Int, resultFpRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val constFactorLeft = binExpr.left as? PtNumber
-        val constFactorRight = binExpr.right as? PtNumber
-        if(vmDt==VmDataType.FLOAT) {
-            if(constFactorLeft!=null) {
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, -1, resultFpRegister)
-                val factor = constFactorLeft.number.toFloat()
-                code += codeGen.multiplyByConstFloat(resultFpRegister, factor)
-            } else if(constFactorRight!=null) {
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, -1, resultFpRegister)
-                val factor = constFactorRight.number.toFloat()
-                code += codeGen.multiplyByConstFloat(resultFpRegister, factor)
-            } else {
-                val rightResultFpReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFreeFloat()
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, -1, resultFpRegister)
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, -1, rightResultFpReg)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.MULR, vmDt, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister, fpReg2 = rightResultFpReg)
-            }
-        } else {
-            if(constFactorLeft!=null && constFactorLeft.type!=DataType.FLOAT) {
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, resultRegister, -1)
-                val factor = constFactorLeft.number.toInt()
-                code += codeGen.multiplyByConst(vmDt, resultRegister, factor)
-            } else if(constFactorRight!=null && constFactorRight.type!=DataType.FLOAT) {
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-                val factor = constFactorRight.number.toInt()
-                code += codeGen.multiplyByConst(vmDt, resultRegister, factor)
-            } else {
-                val rightResultReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, rightResultReg, -1)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.MULR, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = rightResultReg)
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    internal fun operatorMultiplyInplace(address: Int, vmDt: VmDataType, operand: PtExpression): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        val constFactorRight = operand as? PtNumber
-        if(vmDt==VmDataType.FLOAT) {
-            if(constFactorRight!=null) {
-                val factor = constFactorRight.number.toFloat()
-                code += codeGen.multiplyByConstFloatInplace(address, factor)
-            } else {
-                val operandFpReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFreeFloat()
-                code += translateExpression(operand, -1, operandFpReg)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.MULM, vmDt, fpReg1 = operandFpReg, value = address)
-            }
-        } else {
-            if(constFactorRight!=null && constFactorRight.type!=DataType.FLOAT) {
-                val factor = constFactorRight.number.toInt()
-                code += codeGen.multiplyByConstInplace(vmDt, address, factor)
-            } else {
-                val operandReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += translateExpression(operand, operandReg, -1)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.MULM, vmDt, reg1=operandReg, value = address)
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun operatorMinus(binExpr: PtBinaryExpression, vmDt: VmDataType, resultRegister: Int, resultFpRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(vmDt==VmDataType.FLOAT) {
-            if((binExpr.right as? PtNumber)?.number==1.0) {
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, -1, resultFpRegister)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DEC, vmDt, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister)
-            }
-            else {
-                if(binExpr.right is PtNumber) {
-                    code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, -1, resultFpRegister)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SUB, vmDt, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister, fpValue = (binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toFloat())
-                } else {
-                    val rightResultFpReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFreeFloat()
-                    code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, -1, resultFpRegister)
-                    code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, -1, rightResultFpReg)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SUBR, vmDt, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister, fpReg2 = rightResultFpReg)
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            if((binExpr.right as? PtNumber)?.number==1.0) {
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DEC, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister)
-            }
-            else {
-                if(binExpr.right is PtNumber) {
-                    code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SUB, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, value = (binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt())
-                } else {
-                    val rightResultReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                    code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-                    code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, rightResultReg, -1)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SUBR, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = rightResultReg)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    internal fun operatorMinusInplace(address: Int, vmDt: VmDataType, operand: PtExpression): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(vmDt==VmDataType.FLOAT) {
-            if((operand as? PtNumber)?.number==1.0) {
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DECM, vmDt, value=address)
-            }
-            else {
-                val operandFpReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFreeFloat()
-                code += translateExpression(operand, -1, operandFpReg)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SUBM, vmDt, fpReg1=operandFpReg, value=address)
-            }
-        } else {
-            if((operand as? PtNumber)?.number==1.0) {
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DECM, vmDt, value=address)
-            }
-            else {
-                val operandReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += translateExpression(operand, operandReg, -1)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SUBM, vmDt, reg1=operandReg, value = address)
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    private fun operatorPlus(binExpr: PtBinaryExpression, vmDt: VmDataType, resultRegister: Int, resultFpRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(vmDt==VmDataType.FLOAT) {
-            if((binExpr.left as? PtNumber)?.number==1.0) {
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, -1, resultFpRegister)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.INC, vmDt, fpReg1=resultFpRegister)
-            }
-            else if((binExpr.right as? PtNumber)?.number==1.0) {
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, -1, resultFpRegister)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.INC, vmDt, fpReg1=resultFpRegister)
-            }
-            else {
-                if(binExpr.right is PtNumber) {
-                    code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, -1, resultFpRegister)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.ADD, vmDt, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister, fpValue = (binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toFloat())
-                } else {
-                    val rightResultFpReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFreeFloat()
-                    code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, -1, resultFpRegister)
-                    code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, -1, rightResultFpReg)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.ADDR, vmDt, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister, fpReg2 = rightResultFpReg)
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            if((binExpr.left as? PtNumber)?.number==1.0) {
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, resultRegister, -1)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.INC, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister)
-            }
-            else if((binExpr.right as? PtNumber)?.number==1.0) {
-                code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.INC, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister)
-            }
-            else {
-                if(binExpr.right is PtNumber) {
-                    code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.ADD, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, value=(binExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toInt())
-                } else {
-                    val rightResultReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                    code += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-                    code += translateExpression(binExpr.right, rightResultReg, -1)
-                    code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.ADDR, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = rightResultReg)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    internal fun operatorPlusInplace(address: Int, vmDt: VmDataType, operand: PtExpression): VmCodeChunk {
-        val code = VmCodeChunk()
-        if(vmDt==VmDataType.FLOAT) {
-            if((operand as? PtNumber)?.number==1.0) {
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.INCM, vmDt, value = address)
-            }
-            else {
-                val operandFpReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFreeFloat()
-                code += translateExpression(operand, -1, operandFpReg)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.ADDM, vmDt, fpReg1=operandFpReg, value=address)
-            }
-        } else {
-            if((operand as? PtNumber)?.number==1.0) {
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.INCM, vmDt, value = address)
-            }
-            else {
-                val operandReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                code += translateExpression(operand, operandReg, -1)
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.ADDM, vmDt, reg1=operandReg, value=address)
-            }
-        }
-        return code
-    }
-
-    fun translate(fcall: PtFunctionCall, resultRegister: Int, resultFpRegister: Int): VmCodeChunk {
-        when (val callTarget = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(fcall.functionName)) {
-            is StSub -> {
-                val code = VmCodeChunk()
-                for ((arg, parameter) in fcall.args.zip(callTarget.parameters)) {
-                    val paramDt = codeGen.vmType(parameter.type)
-                    if(codeGen.isZero(arg)) {
-                        if (paramDt == VmDataType.FLOAT) {
-                            val mem = codeGen.allocations.get(fcall.functionName + parameter.name)
-                            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, paramDt, value = mem)
-                        } else {
-                            val mem = codeGen.allocations.get(fcall.functionName + parameter.name)
-                            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, paramDt, value = mem)
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        if (paramDt == VmDataType.FLOAT) {
-                            val argFpReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFreeFloat()
-                            code += translateExpression(arg, -1, argFpReg)
-                            val mem = codeGen.allocations.get(fcall.functionName + parameter.name)
-                            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, paramDt, fpReg1 = argFpReg, value = mem)
-                        } else {
-                            val argReg = codeGen.vmRegisters.nextFree()
-                            code += translateExpression(arg, argReg, -1)
-                            val mem = codeGen.allocations.get(fcall.functionName + parameter.name)
-                            code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, paramDt, reg1 = argReg, value = mem)
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.CALL, labelSymbol=fcall.functionName)
-                if(fcall.type==DataType.FLOAT) {
-                    if (!fcall.void && resultFpRegister != 0) {
-                        // Call convention: result value is in fr0, so put it in the required register instead.
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, VmDataType.FLOAT, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister, fpReg2 = 0)
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    if (!fcall.void && resultRegister != 0) {
-                        // Call convention: result value is in r0, so put it in the required register instead.
-                        code += VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, codeGen.vmType(fcall.type), reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = 0)
-                    }
-                }
-                return code
-            }
-            is StRomSub -> {
-                throw AssemblyError("virtual machine doesn't yet support calling romsub $fcall")
-            }
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid node type")
-        }
-    }
-
-}

codeGenVirtual/src/prog8/codegen/virtual/VariableAllocator.kt

@@ -1,122 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.codegen.virtual
-
-import prog8.code.SymbolTable
-import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
-import prog8.code.core.*
-
-class VariableAllocator(private val st: SymbolTable, private val program: PtProgram) {
-
-    private val allocations = mutableMapOf<List<String>, Int>()
-    private var freeMemoryStart: Int
-
-    val freeMem: Int
-        get() = freeMemoryStart
-
-    init {
-        var nextLocation = 0
-        for (variable in st.allVariables) {
-            val memsize =
-                when (variable.dt) {
-                    DataType.STR -> variable.initialStringValue!!.first.length + 1  // include the zero byte
-                    in NumericDatatypes -> program.memsizer.memorySize(variable.dt)
-                    in ArrayDatatypes -> program.memsizer.memorySize(variable.dt, variable.length!!)
-                    else -> throw InternalCompilerException("weird dt")
-                }
-
-            allocations[variable.scopedName] = nextLocation
-            nextLocation += memsize
-        }
-        for (memvar in st.allMemMappedVariables) {
-            // TODO virtual machine doesn't have memory mapped variables, so treat them as regular allocated variables for now
-            val memsize =
-                when (memvar.dt) {
-                    in NumericDatatypes -> program.memsizer.memorySize(memvar.dt)
-                    in ArrayDatatypes -> program.memsizer.memorySize(memvar.dt, memvar.length!!)
-                    else -> throw InternalCompilerException("weird dt")
-                }
-
-            allocations[memvar.scopedName] = nextLocation
-            nextLocation += memsize
-        }
-
-        freeMemoryStart = nextLocation
-    }
-
-    fun get(name: List<String>) = allocations.getValue(name)
-
-    fun asVmMemory(): List<Pair<List<String>, String>> {
-        val mm = mutableListOf<Pair<List<String>, String>>()
-        for (variable in st.allVariables) {
-            val location = allocations.getValue(variable.scopedName)
-            val typeStr = when(variable.dt) {
-                DataType.UBYTE, DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.STR -> "ubyte"
-                DataType.BYTE, DataType.ARRAY_B -> "byte"
-                DataType.UWORD, DataType.ARRAY_UW -> "uword"
-                DataType.WORD, DataType.ARRAY_W -> "word"
-                DataType.FLOAT, DataType.ARRAY_F -> "float"
-                else -> throw InternalCompilerException("weird dt")
-            }
-            val value = when(variable.dt) {
-                DataType.FLOAT -> (variable.initialNumericValue ?: 0.0).toString()
-                in NumericDatatypes -> (variable.initialNumericValue ?: 0).toHex()
-                DataType.STR -> {
-                    val encoded = program.encoding.encodeString(variable.initialStringValue!!.first, variable.initialStringValue!!.second) + listOf(0u)
-                    encoded.joinToString(",") { it.toInt().toHex() }
-                }
-                DataType.ARRAY_F -> {
-                    if(variable.initialArrayValue!=null) {
-                        variable.initialArrayValue!!.joinToString(",") { it.number!!.toString() }
-                    } else {
-                        (1..variable.length!!).joinToString(",") { "0" }
-                    }
-                }
-                in ArrayDatatypes -> {
-                    if(variable.initialArrayValue!==null) {
-                        variable.initialArrayValue!!.joinToString(",") { it.number!!.toHex() }
-                    } else {
-                        (1..variable.length!!).joinToString(",") { "0" }
-                    }
-                }
-                else -> throw InternalCompilerException("weird dt")
-            }
-            mm.add(Pair(variable.scopedName, "$location $typeStr $value"))
-        }
-        for (variable in st.allMemMappedVariables) {
-            val location = allocations.getValue(variable.scopedName)
-            val typeStr = when(variable.dt) {
-                DataType.UBYTE, DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.STR -> "ubyte"
-                DataType.BYTE, DataType.ARRAY_B -> "byte"
-                DataType.UWORD, DataType.ARRAY_UW -> "uword"
-                DataType.WORD, DataType.ARRAY_W -> "word"
-                DataType.FLOAT, DataType.ARRAY_F -> "float"
-                else -> throw InternalCompilerException("weird dt")
-            }
-            val value = when(variable.dt) {
-                DataType.FLOAT -> "0.0"
-                in NumericDatatypes -> "0"
-                DataType.ARRAY_F -> (1..variable.length!!).joinToString(",") { "0.0" }
-                in ArrayDatatypes -> (1..variable.length!!).joinToString(",") { "0" }
-                else -> throw InternalCompilerException("weird dt for mem mapped var")
-            }
-            mm.add(Pair(variable.scopedName, "$location $typeStr $value"))
-        }
-        return mm
-    }
-
-    private val memorySlabsInternal = mutableMapOf<String, Triple<UInt, UInt, UInt>>()
-    internal val memorySlabs: Map<String, Triple<UInt, UInt, UInt>> = memorySlabsInternal
-
-    fun allocateMemorySlab(name: String, size: UInt, align: UInt): UInt {
-        val address =
-            if(align==0u || align==1u)
-                freeMemoryStart.toUInt()
-            else
-                (freeMemoryStart.toUInt() + align-1u) and (0xffffffffu xor (align-1u))
-
-        memorySlabsInternal[name] = Triple(address, size, align)
-        freeMemoryStart = (address + size).toInt()
-        return address
-    }
-
-    fun getMemorySlab(name: String): Triple<UInt, UInt, UInt>? = memorySlabsInternal[name]
-}

codeGenVirtual/src/prog8/codegen/virtual/VmPeepholeOptimizer.kt

@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.codegen.virtual
-
-import prog8.vm.Instruction
-import prog8.vm.Opcode
-import prog8.vm.VmDataType
-
-
-class VmPeepholeOptimizer(private val vmprog: AssemblyProgram) {
-    fun optimize() {
-        vmprog.getBlocks().forEach { block ->
-            do {
-                val indexedInstructions = block.lines.withIndex()
-                    .filter { it.value is VmCodeInstruction }
-                    .map { IndexedValue(it.index, (it.value as VmCodeInstruction).ins) }
-                val changed = removeNops(block, indexedInstructions)
-                        || removeDoubleLoadsAndStores(block, indexedInstructions)       // TODO not yet implemented
-                        || removeUselessArithmetic(block, indexedInstructions)
-                        || removeWeirdBranches(block, indexedInstructions)
-                        || removeDoubleSecClc(block, indexedInstructions)
-                        || cleanupPushPop(block, indexedInstructions)
-                // TODO other optimizations:
-                //  more complex optimizations such as unused registers
-            } while(changed)
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun cleanupPushPop(block: VmCodeChunk, indexedInstructions: List<IndexedValue<Instruction>>): Boolean {
-        //  push followed by pop to same target, or different target->replace with load
-        var changed = false
-        indexedInstructions.reversed().forEach { (idx, ins) ->
-            if(ins.opcode==Opcode.PUSH) {
-                if(idx < block.lines.size-1) {
-                    val insAfter = block.lines[idx+1] as? VmCodeInstruction
-                    if(insAfter!=null && insAfter.ins.opcode ==Opcode.POP) {
-                        if(ins.reg1==insAfter.ins.reg1) {
-                            block.lines.removeAt(idx)
-                            block.lines.removeAt(idx)
-                        } else {
-                            block.lines[idx] = VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOADR, ins.type, reg1=insAfter.ins.reg1, reg2=ins.reg1)
-                            block.lines.removeAt(idx+1)
-                        }
-                        changed = true
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return changed
-    }
-
-
-    private fun removeDoubleSecClc(block: VmCodeChunk, indexedInstructions: List<IndexedValue<Instruction>>): Boolean {
-        //  double sec, clc
-        //  sec+clc or clc+sec
-        var changed = false
-        indexedInstructions.reversed().forEach { (idx, ins) ->
-            if(ins.opcode==Opcode.SEC || ins.opcode==Opcode.CLC) {
-                if(idx < block.lines.size-1) {
-                    val insAfter = block.lines[idx+1] as? VmCodeInstruction
-                    if(insAfter?.ins?.opcode == ins.opcode) {
-                        block.lines.removeAt(idx)
-                        changed = true
-                    }
-                    else if(ins.opcode==Opcode.SEC && insAfter?.ins?.opcode==Opcode.CLC) {
-                        block.lines.removeAt(idx)
-                        changed = true
-                    }
-                    else if(ins.opcode==Opcode.CLC && insAfter?.ins?.opcode==Opcode.SEC) {
-                        block.lines.removeAt(idx)
-                        changed = true
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return changed
-    }
-
-    private fun removeWeirdBranches(block: VmCodeChunk, indexedInstructions: List<IndexedValue<Instruction>>): Boolean {
-        //  jump/branch to label immediately below
-        var changed = false
-        indexedInstructions.reversed().forEach { (idx, ins) ->
-            if(ins.opcode==Opcode.JUMP && ins.labelSymbol!=null) {
-                // if jumping to label immediately following this
-                if(idx < block.lines.size-1) {
-                    val label = block.lines[idx+1] as? VmCodeLabel
-                    if(label?.name == ins.labelSymbol) {
-                        block.lines.removeAt(idx)
-                        changed = true
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return changed
-    }
-
-    private fun removeUselessArithmetic(block: VmCodeChunk, indexedInstructions: List<IndexedValue<Instruction>>): Boolean {
-        // note: this is hard to solve for the non-immediate instructions atm because the values are loaded into registers first
-        var changed = false
-        indexedInstructions.reversed().forEach { (idx, ins) ->
-            when (ins.opcode) {
-                Opcode.DIV, Opcode.DIVS, Opcode.MUL, Opcode.MOD -> {
-                    if (ins.value == 1) {
-                        block.lines.removeAt(idx)
-                        changed = true
-                    }
-                }
-                Opcode.ADD, Opcode.SUB -> {
-                    if (ins.value == 1) {
-                        block.lines[idx] = VmCodeInstruction(
-                            if (ins.opcode == Opcode.ADD) Opcode.INC else Opcode.DEC,
-                            ins.type,
-                            ins.reg1
-                        )
-                        changed = true
-                    } else if (ins.value == 0) {
-                        block.lines.removeAt(idx)
-                        changed = true
-                    }
-                }
-                Opcode.AND -> {
-                    if (ins.value == 0) {
-                        block.lines[idx] = VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, ins.type, reg1 = ins.reg1, value = 0)
-                        changed = true
-                    } else if (ins.value == 255 && ins.type == VmDataType.BYTE) {
-                        block.lines.removeAt(idx)
-                        changed = true
-                    } else if (ins.value == 65535 && ins.type == VmDataType.WORD) {
-                        block.lines.removeAt(idx)
-                        changed = true
-                    }
-                }
-                Opcode.OR -> {
-                    if (ins.value == 0) {
-                        block.lines.removeAt(idx)
-                        changed = true
-                    } else if ((ins.value == 255 && ins.type == VmDataType.BYTE) || (ins.value == 65535 && ins.type == VmDataType.WORD)) {
-                        block.lines[idx] = VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, ins.type, reg1 = ins.reg1, value = ins.value)
-                        changed = true
-                    }
-                }
-                Opcode.XOR -> {
-                    if (ins.value == 0) {
-                        block.lines.removeAt(idx)
-                        changed = true
-                    }
-                }
-                else -> {}
-            }
-        }
-        return changed
-    }
-
-    private fun removeNops(block: VmCodeChunk, indexedInstructions: List<IndexedValue<Instruction>>): Boolean {
-        var changed = false
-        indexedInstructions.reversed().forEach { (idx, ins) ->
-            if (ins.opcode == Opcode.NOP) {
-                changed = true
-                block.lines.removeAt(idx)
-            }
-        }
-        return changed
-    }
-
-    private fun removeDoubleLoadsAndStores(block: VmCodeChunk, indexedInstructions: List<IndexedValue<Instruction>>): Boolean {
-        var changed = false
-        indexedInstructions.forEach { (idx, ins) ->
-
-            // TODO: detect multiple loads to the same target registers, only keep first (if source is not I/O memory)
-            // TODO: detect multiple stores to the same target, only keep first (if target is not I/O memory)
-            // TODO: detect multiple float ffrom/fto to the same target, only keep first
-            // TODO: detect multiple sequential rnd with same reg1, only keep one
-            // TODO: detect subsequent same xors/nots/negs, remove the pairs completely as they cancel out
-            // TODO: detect multiple same ands, ors; only keep first
-            // TODO: (hard) detect multiple registers being assigned the same value (and not changed) - use only 1 of them
-            // ...
-        }
-        return changed
-    }
-}
-
-private interface ICodeChange { // TODO not used? remove?
-    fun perform(block: VmCodeChunk)
-
-    class Remove(val idx: Int): ICodeChange {
-        override fun perform(block: VmCodeChunk) {
-            block.lines.removeAt(idx)
-        }
-    }
-}

codeGenVirtual/test/Dummies.kt

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-package prog8tests.vm.helpers
-
-import prog8.code.core.DataType
-import prog8.code.core.Encoding
-import prog8.code.core.IMemSizer
-import prog8.code.core.IStringEncoding
-
-
-internal object DummyMemsizer : IMemSizer {
-    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType) = 0
-    override fun memorySize(arrayDt: DataType, numElements: Int) = 0
-}
-
-internal object DummyStringEncoder : IStringEncoding {
-    override fun encodeString(str: String, encoding: Encoding): List<UByte> {
-        return emptyList()
-    }
-
-    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String {
-        return ""
-    }
-}

codeGenVirtual/test/TestVmPeepholeOpt.kt

@@ -1,170 +0,0 @@
-package prog8tests.vm
-
-import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
-import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
-import prog8.code.SymbolTable
-import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
-import prog8.codegen.virtual.*
-import prog8.vm.Opcode
-import prog8.vm.VmDataType
-import prog8tests.vm.helpers.DummyMemsizer
-import prog8tests.vm.helpers.DummyStringEncoder
-
-class TestVmPeepholeOpt: FunSpec({
-    fun makeVmProgram(lines: List<VmCodeLine>): Pair<AssemblyProgram, VariableAllocator> {
-        val st = SymbolTable()
-        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
-        val allocations = VariableAllocator(st, program)
-        val asm = AssemblyProgram("test", allocations)
-        val block = VmCodeChunk()
-        for(line in lines)
-            block += line
-        asm.addBlock(block)
-        return Pair(asm, allocations)
-    }
-
-    fun AssemblyProgram.lines(): List<VmCodeLine> = this.getBlocks().flatMap { it.lines }
-
-    test("remove nops") {
-        val(asm, _) = makeVmProgram(listOf(
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = listOf("dummy")),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.NOP),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.NOP)
-        ))
-        asm.lines().size shouldBe 3
-        val opt = VmPeepholeOptimizer(asm)
-        opt.optimize()
-        asm.lines().size shouldBe 1
-    }
-
-    test("remove jmp to label below") {
-        val(asm, _) = makeVmProgram(listOf(
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = listOf("label")),  // removed
-            VmCodeLabel(listOf("label")),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = listOf("label2")), // removed
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.NOP),  // removed
-            VmCodeLabel(listOf("label2")),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = listOf("label3")),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.INC, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=1),
-            VmCodeLabel(listOf("label3"))
-        ))
-        asm.lines().size shouldBe 8
-        val opt = VmPeepholeOptimizer(asm)
-        opt.optimize()
-        val lines = asm.lines()
-        lines.size shouldBe 5
-        (lines[0] as VmCodeLabel).name shouldBe listOf("label")
-        (lines[1] as VmCodeLabel).name shouldBe listOf("label2")
-        (lines[2] as VmCodeInstruction).ins.opcode shouldBe Opcode.JUMP
-        (lines[3] as VmCodeInstruction).ins.opcode shouldBe Opcode.INC
-        (lines[4] as VmCodeLabel).name shouldBe listOf("label3")
-    }
-
-    test("remove double sec/clc") {
-        val(asm, _) = makeVmProgram(listOf(
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SEC),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SEC),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SEC),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.CLC),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.CLC),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.CLC)
-        ))
-        asm.lines().size shouldBe 6
-        val opt = VmPeepholeOptimizer(asm)
-        opt.optimize()
-        val lines = asm.lines()
-        lines.size shouldBe 1
-        (lines[0] as VmCodeInstruction).ins.opcode shouldBe Opcode.CLC
-    }
-
-    test("push followed by pop") {
-        val(asm, _) = makeVmProgram(listOf(
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.PUSH, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.POP, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.PUSH, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=99),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.POP, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=222)
-        ))
-        asm.lines().size shouldBe 4
-        val opt = VmPeepholeOptimizer(asm)
-        opt.optimize()
-        val lines = asm.lines()
-        lines.size shouldBe 1
-        (lines[0] as VmCodeInstruction).ins.opcode shouldBe Opcode.LOADR
-        (lines[0] as VmCodeInstruction).ins.reg1 shouldBe 222
-        (lines[0] as VmCodeInstruction).ins.reg2 shouldBe 99
-    }
-
-    test("remove useless div/mul, add/sub") {
-        val(asm, _) = makeVmProgram(listOf(
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DIV, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DIVS, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.MUL, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.MOD, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DIV, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 2),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.DIVS, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 2),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.MUL, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 2),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.MOD, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 2),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.ADD, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 0),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SUB, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 0)
-        ))
-        asm.lines().size shouldBe 10
-        val opt = VmPeepholeOptimizer(asm)
-        opt.optimize()
-        val lines = asm.lines()
-        lines.size shouldBe 4
-    }
-
-    test("replace add/sub 1 by inc/dec") {
-        val(asm, _) = makeVmProgram(listOf(
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.ADD, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.SUB, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1)
-        ))
-        asm.lines().size shouldBe 2
-        val opt = VmPeepholeOptimizer(asm)
-        opt.optimize()
-        val lines = asm.lines()
-        lines.size shouldBe 2
-        (lines[0] as VmCodeInstruction).ins.opcode shouldBe Opcode.INC
-        (lines[1] as VmCodeInstruction).ins.opcode shouldBe Opcode.DEC
-    }
-
-    test("remove useless and/or/xor") {
-        val(asm, _) = makeVmProgram(listOf(
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.AND, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 255),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.AND, VmDataType.WORD, reg1=42, value = 65535),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.OR, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 0),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.XOR, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 0),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.AND, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 200),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.AND, VmDataType.WORD, reg1=42, value = 60000),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.OR, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.XOR, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 1)
-        ))
-        asm.lines().size shouldBe 8
-        val opt = VmPeepholeOptimizer(asm)
-        opt.optimize()
-        val lines = asm.lines()
-        lines.size shouldBe 4
-    }
-
-    test("replace and/or/xor by constant number") {
-        val(asm, _) = makeVmProgram(listOf(
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.AND, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 0),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.AND, VmDataType.WORD, reg1=42, value = 0),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.OR, VmDataType.BYTE, reg1=42, value = 255),
-            VmCodeInstruction(Opcode.OR, VmDataType.WORD, reg1=42, value = 65535)
-        ))
-        asm.lines().size shouldBe 4
-        val opt = VmPeepholeOptimizer(asm)
-        opt.optimize()
-        val lines = asm.lines()
-        lines.size shouldBe 4
-        (lines[0] as VmCodeInstruction).ins.opcode shouldBe Opcode.LOAD
-        (lines[1] as VmCodeInstruction).ins.opcode shouldBe Opcode.LOAD
-        (lines[2] as VmCodeInstruction).ins.opcode shouldBe Opcode.LOAD
-        (lines[3] as VmCodeInstruction).ins.opcode shouldBe Opcode.LOAD
-        (lines[0] as VmCodeInstruction).ins.value shouldBe 0
-        (lines[1] as VmCodeInstruction).ins.value shouldBe 0
-        (lines[2] as VmCodeInstruction).ins.value shouldBe 255
-        (lines[3] as VmCodeInstruction).ins.value shouldBe 65535
-    }
-})

codeOptimizers/src/prog8/optimizer/BinExprSplitter.kt

@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@ import prog8.ast.IStatementContainer
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.expressions.BinaryExpression
-import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
-import prog8.ast.expressions.TypecastExpression
-import prog8.ast.getTempVar
 import prog8.ast.statements.AssignTarget
 import prog8.ast.statements.Assignment
 import prog8.ast.statements.AssignmentOrigin
@@ -31,23 +28,6 @@ class BinExprSplitter(private val program: Program, private val options: Compila
         val binExpr = assignment.value as? BinaryExpression
         if (binExpr != null) {
 
-/*
-
-Reduce the complexity of a (binary) expression that has to be evaluated on the eval stack,
-by attempting to splitting it up into individual simple steps.
-We only consider a binary expression *one* level deep (so the operands must not be a combined expression)
-
-
-X =      BinExpr                                    X   =   LeftExpr
-        <operator>                                     followed by
-          /   \             IF 'X' not used         X   =   BinExpr
-         /     \             IN expression ==>             <operator>
-        /       \                                           /   \
-    LeftExpr.  RightExpr.                                  /     \
-                                                          X     RightExpr.
-
-
- */
             if(binExpr.operator in AugmentAssignmentOperators && isSimpleTarget(assignment.target)) {
                 if(assignment.target isSameAs binExpr.right)
                     return noModifications
@@ -60,20 +40,6 @@ X =      BinExpr                                    X   =   LeftExpr
                     val rightBx = binExpr.right as? BinaryExpression
                     if(rightBx!=null && (!rightBx.left.isSimple || !rightBx.right.isSimple))
                         return noModifications
-
-                      // TODO below attempts to remove stack-based evaluated expressions, but often the resulting code is BIGGER, and SLOWER.
-//                    val dt = assignment.target.inferType(program)
-//                    if(!dt.isInteger)
-//                        return noModifications
-//                    val tempVar = IdentifierReference(getTempVarName(dt), binExpr.right.position)
-//                    val assignTempVar = Assignment(
-//                        AssignTarget(tempVar, null, null, binExpr.right.position),
-//                        binExpr.right, binExpr.right.position
-//                    )
-//                    return listOf(
-//                        IAstModification.InsertBefore(assignment, assignTempVar, assignment.parent as IStatementContainer),
-//                        IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.right, tempVar.copy(), binExpr)
-//                    )
                 }
 
                 if(binExpr.right.isSimple) {
@@ -87,30 +53,10 @@ X =      BinExpr                                    X   =   LeftExpr
                 }
             }
 
-            // TODO further unraveling of binary expression trees into flat statements.
-            // however this should probably be done in a more generic way to also work on
-            // the expressiontrees that are not used in an assignment statement...
-        }
-
-        val typecast = assignment.value as? TypecastExpression
-        if(typecast!=null) {
-            val origExpr = typecast.expression as? BinaryExpression
-            if(origExpr!=null && options.compTarget.name!=VMTarget.NAME) {
-                // it's a typecast of a binary expression.
-                // we can see if we can unwrap the binary expression by working on a new temporary variable
-                // (that has the type of the expression), and then finally doing the typecast.
-                // Once it's outside the typecast, the regular splitting can commence.
-                val tempvarDt = origExpr.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
-                val (tempVarName, _) = program.getTempVar(tempvarDt)
-                val assignTempVar = Assignment(
-                    AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(tempVarName, typecast.position), null, null, typecast.position),
-                    typecast.expression, AssignmentOrigin.OPTIMIZER, typecast.position
-                )
-                return listOf(
-                    IAstModification.InsertBefore(assignment, assignTempVar, parent as IStatementContainer),
-                    IAstModification.ReplaceNode(typecast.expression, IdentifierReference(tempVarName, typecast.position), typecast)
-                )
-            }
+            // Further unraveling of binary expressions is really complicated here and
+            // often results in much bigger code, thereby defeating the purpose a bit.
+            // All in all this should probably be fixed in a better code generation backend
+            // that doesn't require this at all.
         }
 
         return noModifications

codeOptimizers/src/prog8/optimizer/ConstantFoldingOptimizer.kt

@@ -354,9 +354,11 @@ class ConstantFoldingOptimizer(private val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
         if(decl.type== VarDeclType.CONST && numval!=null) {
             val valueDt = numval.inferType(program)
             if(valueDt isnot decl.datatype) {
-                val cast = numval.cast(decl.datatype)
-                if(cast.isValid)
-                    return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(numval, cast.valueOrZero(), decl))
+                if(decl.datatype!=DataType.BOOL || valueDt.isnot(DataType.UBYTE)) {
+                    val cast = numval.cast(decl.datatype)
+                    if (cast.isValid)
+                        return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(numval, cast.valueOrZero(), decl))
+                }
             }
         }
         return noModifications
@@ -386,9 +388,9 @@ class ConstantFoldingOptimizer(private val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
        subleftIsConst: Boolean,
        subrightIsConst: Boolean): IAstModification?
     {
-        // NOTE: THIS IS ONLY VALID ON FLOATING POINT CONSTANTS
+        // NOTE: THESE REORDERINGS ARE ONLY VALID FOR FLOATING POINT CONSTANTS
+        // TODO: this implements only a small set of possible reorderings at this time, we could perhaps add more
 
-        // TODO: this implements only a small set of possible reorderings at this time, we could think of more
         if(expr.operator==subExpr.operator) {
             // both operators are the same.
 

codeOptimizers/src/prog8/optimizer/ConstantIdentifierReplacer.kt

@@ -87,8 +87,27 @@ internal class ConstantIdentifierReplacer(private val program: Program, private
         if(forloop!=null && identifier===forloop.loopVar)
             return noModifications
 
+        val dt = identifier.inferType(program)
+        if(!dt.isKnown || !dt.isNumeric)
+            return noModifications
+
         try {
             val cval = identifier.constValue(program) ?: return noModifications
+            val arrayIdx = identifier.parent as? ArrayIndexedExpression
+            if(arrayIdx!=null && cval.type in NumericDatatypes) {
+                // special case when the identifier is used as a pointer var
+                // var = constpointer[x] --> var = @(constvalue+x) [directmemoryread]
+                // constpointer[x] = var -> @(constvalue+x) [directmemorywrite] = var
+                val add = BinaryExpression(NumericLiteral(cval.type, cval.number, identifier.position), "+", arrayIdx.indexer.indexExpr, identifier.position)
+                return if(arrayIdx.parent is AssignTarget) {
+                    val memwrite = DirectMemoryWrite(add, identifier.position)
+                    val assignTarget = AssignTarget(null, null, memwrite, identifier.position)
+                    listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(arrayIdx.parent, assignTarget, arrayIdx.parent.parent))
+                } else {
+                    val memread = DirectMemoryRead(add, identifier.position)
+                    listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(arrayIdx, memread, arrayIdx.parent))
+                }
+            }
             return when (cval.type) {
                 in NumericDatatypes -> listOf(
                     IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
@@ -223,6 +242,17 @@ internal class ConstantIdentifierReplacer(private val program: Program, private
                         }
                     }
                 }
+                DataType.ARRAY_BOOL -> {
+                    val numericLv = decl.value as? NumericLiteral
+                    val size = decl.arraysize?.constIndex() ?: return noModifications
+                    if(numericLv!=null) {
+                        // arraysize initializer is a single int, and we know the size.
+                        val fillvalue = if(numericLv.number==0.0) 0.0 else 1.0
+                        val array = Array(size) {fillvalue}.map { NumericLiteral(DataType.UBYTE, fillvalue, numericLv.position) }.toTypedArray<Expression>()
+                        val refValue = ArrayLiteral(InferredTypes.InferredType.known(DataType.ARRAY_BOOL), array, position = numericLv.position)
+                        return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(decl.value!!, refValue, decl))
+                    }
+                }
                 else -> {
                     // nothing to do for this type
                 }

codeOptimizers/src/prog8/optimizer/ExpressionSimplifier.kt

@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.maySwapOperandOrder
-import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.statements.AnonymousScope
+import prog8.ast.statements.Assignment
+import prog8.ast.statements.IfElse
+import prog8.ast.statements.Jump
 import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
 import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
 import prog8.code.core.*
@@ -15,9 +18,11 @@ import kotlin.math.abs
 import kotlin.math.log2
 import kotlin.math.pow
 
-// TODO add more peephole expression optimizations? Investigate what optimizations binaryen has, also see  https://egorbo.com/peephole-optimizations.html
+// TODO add more peephole expression optimizations? Investigate what optimizations binaryen has
 
-class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program, private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget) : AstWalker() {
+class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program,
+                           private val errors: IErrorReporter,
+                           private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget) : AstWalker() {
     private val powersOfTwo = (1..16).map { (2.0).pow(it) }.toSet()
     private val negativePowersOfTwo = powersOfTwo.map { -it }.toSet()
 
@@ -182,17 +187,46 @@ class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program, private val compTarget:
             }
         }
 
+        // X <= Y-1 ---> X<Y  ,  X >= Y+1 ---> X>Y
+        if(leftDt in IntegerDatatypes && rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
+            val rightExpr = expr.right as? BinaryExpression
+            if(rightExpr!=null && rightExpr.right.constValue(program)?.number==1.0) {
+                if (expr.operator == "<=" && rightExpr.operator == "-") {
+                    expr.operator = "<"
+                    return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(rightExpr, rightExpr.left, expr))
+                } else if (expr.operator == ">=" && rightExpr.operator == "+") {
+                    expr.operator = ">"
+                    return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(rightExpr, rightExpr.left, expr))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         if(leftDt!=DataType.FLOAT && expr.operator == ">=" && rightVal?.number == 1.0) {
             // for integers: x >= 1  -->  x > 0
             expr.operator = ">"
             return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.right, NumericLiteral.optimalInteger(0, expr.right.position), expr))
         }
 
-        if(expr.operator == ">=" && rightVal?.number == 0.0) {
-            if (leftDt == DataType.UBYTE || leftDt == DataType.UWORD) {
+        // for signed integers: X <= -1 => X<0 ,  X > -1 => X>=0
+        if(leftDt in SignedDatatypes && leftDt!=DataType.FLOAT && rightVal?.number==-1.0) {
+            if(expr.operator=="<=") {
+                expr.operator = "<"
+                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.right, NumericLiteral(rightDt, 0.0, expr.right.position), expr))
+            } else if(expr.operator==">") {
+                expr.operator = ">="
+                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.right, NumericLiteral(rightDt, 0.0, expr.right.position), expr))
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (leftDt == DataType.UBYTE || leftDt == DataType.UWORD) {
+            if(expr.operator == ">=" && rightVal?.number == 0.0) {
                 // unsigned >= 0 --> true
                 return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, NumericLiteral.fromBoolean(true, expr.position), parent))
             }
+            else if(expr.operator == ">" && rightVal?.number == 0.0) {
+                // unsigned > 0 --> unsigned != 0
+                return listOf(IAstModification.SetExpression({expr.operator="!="}, expr, parent))
+            }
         }
 
         if(leftDt!=DataType.FLOAT && expr.operator == "<" && rightVal?.number == 1.0) {
@@ -201,11 +235,15 @@ class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program, private val compTarget:
             return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.right, NumericLiteral.optimalInteger(0, expr.right.position), expr))
         }
 
-        if(expr.operator == "<" && rightVal?.number == 0.0) {
-            if (leftDt == DataType.UBYTE || leftDt == DataType.UWORD) {
+        if (leftDt == DataType.UBYTE || leftDt == DataType.UWORD) {
+            if(expr.operator == "<" && rightVal?.number == 0.0) {
                 // unsigned < 0 --> false
                 return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, NumericLiteral.fromBoolean(false, expr.position), parent))
             }
+            else if(expr.operator == "<=" && rightVal?.number == 0.0) {
+                // unsigned <= 0 --> unsigned==0
+                return listOf(IAstModification.SetExpression({expr.operator="=="}, expr, parent))
+            }
         }
 
         // boolvar & 1  --> boolvar
@@ -218,6 +256,18 @@ class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program, private val compTarget:
             }
         }
 
+        if(leftDt==DataType.BOOL) {
+            // optimize boolean constant comparisons
+//            if(expr.operator=="==" && rightVal?.number==0.0)
+//                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, PrefixExpression("not", expr.left, expr.position), parent))
+//            if(expr.operator=="!=" && rightVal?.number==1.0)
+//                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, PrefixExpression("not", expr.left, expr.position), parent))
+            if(expr.operator=="==" && rightVal?.number==1.0)
+                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, expr.left, parent))
+            if(expr.operator=="!=" && rightVal?.number==0.0)
+                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, expr.left, parent))
+        }
+
         // simplify when a term is constant and directly determines the outcome
         val constFalse = NumericLiteral.fromBoolean(false, expr.position)
         val newExpr: Expression? = when (expr.operator) {
@@ -583,11 +633,13 @@ class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program, private val compTarget:
         when (val targetDt = targetIDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
             DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
                 if (amount >= 8) {
+                    errors.warn("shift always results in 0", expr.position)
                     return NumericLiteral(targetDt, 0.0, expr.position)
                 }
             }
-            DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> {
+            DataType.UWORD -> {
                 if (amount >= 16) {
+                    errors.warn("shift always results in 0", expr.position)
                     return NumericLiteral(targetDt, 0.0, expr.position)
                 }
                 else if(amount==8) {
@@ -602,6 +654,25 @@ class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program, private val compTarget:
                     return FunctionCallExpression(IdentifierReference(listOf("mkword"), expr.position), mutableListOf(shifted, NumericLiteral.optimalInteger(0, expr.position)), expr.position)
                 }
             }
+            DataType.WORD -> {
+                if (amount >= 16) {
+                    errors.warn("shift always results in 0", expr.position)
+                    return NumericLiteral(targetDt, 0.0, expr.position)
+                }
+                else if(amount==8) {
+                    // shift left by 8 bits is just a byte operation: mkword(lsb(X), 0)
+                    val lsb = FunctionCallExpression(IdentifierReference(listOf("lsb"), expr.position), mutableListOf(expr.left), expr.position)
+                    val mkword =  FunctionCallExpression(IdentifierReference(listOf("mkword"), expr.position), mutableListOf(lsb, NumericLiteral(DataType.UBYTE, 0.0, expr.position)), expr.position)
+                    return TypecastExpression(mkword, DataType.WORD, true, expr.position)
+                }
+                else if (amount > 8) {
+                    // same as above but with residual shifts.
+                    val lsb = FunctionCallExpression(IdentifierReference(listOf("lsb"), expr.position), mutableListOf(expr.left), expr.position)
+                    val shifted = BinaryExpression(lsb, "<<", NumericLiteral.optimalInteger(amount - 8, expr.position), expr.position)
+                    val mkword = FunctionCallExpression(IdentifierReference(listOf("mkword"), expr.position), mutableListOf(shifted, NumericLiteral.optimalInteger(0, expr.position)), expr.position)
+                    return TypecastExpression(mkword, DataType.WORD, true, expr.position)
+                }
+            }
             else -> {
             }
         }
@@ -622,6 +693,7 @@ class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program, private val compTarget:
         when (idt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
             DataType.UBYTE -> {
                 if (amount >= 8) {
+                    errors.warn("shift always results in 0", expr.position)
                     return NumericLiteral.optimalInteger(0, expr.position)
                 }
             }
@@ -633,6 +705,7 @@ class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program, private val compTarget:
             }
             DataType.UWORD -> {
                 if (amount >= 16) {
+                    errors.warn("shift always results in 0", expr.position)
                     return NumericLiteral.optimalInteger(0, expr.position)
                 }
                 else if(amount==8) {

codeOptimizers/src/prog8/optimizer/Extensions.kt

@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ fun Program.inlineSubroutines(): Int {
     return inliner.applyModifications()
 }
 
-fun Program.simplifyExpressions(target: ICompilationTarget) : Int {
-    val opti = ExpressionSimplifier(this, target)
+fun Program.simplifyExpressions(errors: IErrorReporter, target: ICompilationTarget) : Int {
+    val opti = ExpressionSimplifier(this, errors, target)
     opti.visit(this)
     return opti.applyModifications()
 }