avoid work

it shouldn't be needed to look up subroutine parameters by scoped name

.github/workflows/all-ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+name: Build and Test the Prog8 compiler
+
+on:
+  push:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: Install 64tass
+        run: sudo apt-get update -y && sudo apt-get install -y 64tass
+
+      - name: Set up JDK 11
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v2
+        with:
+          java-version: 11
+          distribution: adopt
+
+      - name: Build and test with Gradle
+        run: ./gradlew build shadowJar --no-daemon
+
+      - name: Create compiler shadowJar artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: prog8-compiler-jar-zipped
+          path: compiler/build/libs/*-all.jar

.idea/libraries/antlr_antlr4.xml

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="antlr.antlr4" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="org.antlr:antlr4:4.10.1">
+    <properties maven-id="org.antlr:antlr4:4.11.1">
       <exclude>
         <dependency maven-id="com.ibm.icu:icu4j" />
       </exclude>
     </properties>
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr4/4.10.1/antlr4-4.10.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr4-runtime/4.10.1/antlr4-runtime-4.10.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr4/4.11.1/antlr4-4.11.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr4-runtime/4.11.1/antlr4-runtime-4.11.1.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/antlr-runtime/3.5.3/antlr-runtime-3.5.3.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/ST4/4.3.3/ST4-4.3.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/antlr/ST4/4.3.4/ST4-4.3.4.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/abego/treelayout/org.abego.treelayout.core/1.0.3/org.abego.treelayout.core-1.0.3.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/glassfish/javax.json/1.0.4/javax.json-1.0.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/glassfish/javax.json/1.1.4/javax.json-1.1.4.jar!/" />
     </CLASSES>
     <JAVADOC />
     <SOURCES />

.idea/misc.xml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
   <component name="FrameworkDetectionExcludesConfiguration">
     <type id="Python" />
   </component>
-  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_11" default="true" project-jdk-name="11" project-jdk-type="JavaSDK">
+  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_11" default="true" project-jdk-name="openjdk-11" project-jdk-type="JavaSDK">
     <output url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/out" />
   </component>
 </project>

CompilerDevelopment.md

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-#### Just a few remarks upfront:
-* There is the (gradle/IDEA) module `parser`: that's the parser generated by ANTLR4, in Java. The only file to be edited here is the grammar, `prog8.g4`.
-* Then we have the module `compilerAst` - in Kotlin - which uses `parser` and adds AST nodes. Here we put our additions to the generated thing, *including any tests of the parsing stage*.
-  - the name is a bit misleading, as this module isn't (or, resp. shouldn't be; see below) about *compiling*, only the parsing stage
-  - also, the tree that comes out isn't much of an *abstraction*, but rather still more or less a parse tree (this might very well change).
-  - **However, let's not *yet* rename the module.** We'll find a good name during refactoring.
-
-#### Problems with `compilerAst`:
-* `ModuleImporter.kt`, doing (Prog8-) module resolution. That's not the parser's job.
-* `ParsingFailedError` (in `ModuleParsing.kt`): this exception (it is actually *not* a `java.lang.Error`...) is thrown in a number of places, where other exceptions would make more sense. For example: not finding a file should just yield a `NoSuchFileException`, not this one. The other problem with it is that it does not provide any additional information about the source of parsing error, in particular a `Position`.
-* During parsing, character literals are turned into UBYTEs (since there is no basic type e.g. CHAR). That's bad because it depends on a specific character encoding (`IStringEncoding` in `compilerAst/src/prog8/ast/AstToplevel.kt`) of/for some target platform. Note that *strings* are indeed encoded later, in the `compiler` module.
-* The same argument applies to `IMemSizer`, and - not entirely sure about that - `IBuiltinFunctions`.
-
-#### Steps to take, in conceptual (!) order:
-
-(note: all these steps have been implemented, rejected or otherwise solved now.)
-
-1. introduce an abstraction `SourceCode` that encapsulates the origin and actual loading of Prog8 source code
-   - from the local file system (use case: user programs)
-   - from resources (prog8lib)
-   - from plain strings (for testing)
-2. add subclass `ParseError : ParsingFailedError` which adds information about the *source of parsing error* (`SourceCode` and `Position`). We cannot just replace `ParsingFailedError`  right away because it is so widely used (even in the `compiler` module). Therefore we'll just subclass for the time being, add more and more tests requiring the new one to be thrown (or, resp., NOT to be thrown), and gradually transition.
-3. introduce a minimal interface to the outside, input: `SourceCode`, output: a tree with a `Module` node as the root
-   - this will be the Kotlin singleton `Prog8Parser` with the main method `parseModule`
-   - plus, optionally, method's for registering/unregistering a listener with the parser
-   - the *only* exception ever thrown / reported to listeners (TBD) will be `ParseError`
-   - anything related to the lexer, error strategies, character/token streams is hidden from the outside
-   - to make a clear distinction between the *generated* parser (and lexer) vs. `Prog8Parser`, and to discourage directly using the generated stuff, we'll rename the existing `prog8Parser`/`prog8Lexer` to `Prog8ANTLRParser` and `Prog8ANTLRLexer` and move them to package `prog8.parser.generated`
-4. introduce AST node `CharLiteral` and keep them until after identifier resolution and type checking; insert there an AST transformation step that turns them in UBYTE constants (literals)
-5. remove uses of `IStringEncoding` from module `compilerAst` - none should be necessary anymore
-6. move `IStringEncoding` to module `compiler`
-7. same with `ModuleImporter`, then rewrite that (addressing #46)
-8. refactor AST nodes and grammar: less generated parse tree nodes (`XyzContext`), less intermediary stuff (private classes in `Antrl2Kotlin.kt`), more compact code. Also: nicer names such as simply `StringLiteral` instead of `StringLiteralValue`
-9. re-think `IStringEncoding` to address #38
-

codeCore/src/prog8/code/SymbolTable.kt

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package prog8.code
 
+import prog8.code.ast.PtNode
+import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
 import prog8.code.core.*
 
 
@@ -7,13 +9,14 @@ import prog8.code.core.*
  * Tree structure containing all symbol definitions in the program
  * (blocks, subroutines, variables (all types), memoryslabs, and labels).
  */
-class SymbolTable : StNode("", StNodeType.GLOBAL, Position.DUMMY) {
+class SymbolTable(astProgram: PtProgram) : StNode(astProgram.name, StNodeType.GLOBAL, astProgram) {
     /**
      * The table as a flat mapping of scoped names to the StNode.
      * This gives the fastest lookup possible (no need to traverse tree nodes)
      */
-    val flat: Map<List<String>, StNode> by lazy {
-        val result = mutableMapOf<List<String>, StNode>()
+
+    val flat: Map<String, StNode> by lazy {
+        val result = mutableMapOf<String, StNode>()
         fun flatten(node: StNode) {
             result[node.scopedName] = node
             node.children.values.forEach { flatten(it) }
@@ -51,10 +54,20 @@ class SymbolTable : StNode("", StNodeType.GLOBAL, Position.DUMMY) {
     }
 
     val allMemorySlabs: Collection<StMemorySlab> by lazy {
-        children.mapNotNull { if (it.value.type == StNodeType.MEMORYSLAB) it.value as StMemorySlab else null }
+        val vars = mutableListOf<StMemorySlab>()
+        fun collect(node: StNode) {
+            for(child in node.children) {
+                if(child.value.type== StNodeType.MEMORYSLAB)
+                    vars.add(child.value as StMemorySlab)
+                else
+                    collect(child.value)
+            }
+        }
+        collect(this)
+        vars
     }
 
-    override fun lookup(scopedName: List<String>) = flat[scopedName]
+    override fun lookup(scopedName: String) = flat[scopedName]
 }
 
 
@@ -75,44 +88,24 @@ enum class StNodeType {
 
 open class StNode(val name: String,
                   val type: StNodeType,
-                  val position: Position,
+                  val astNode: PtNode,
                   val children: MutableMap<String, StNode> = mutableMapOf()
 ) {
 
     lateinit var parent: StNode
 
-    val scopedName: List<String> by lazy {
-        if(type== StNodeType.GLOBAL)
-            emptyList()
-        else
-            parent.scopedName + name
-    }
+    val scopedName: String by lazy { scopedNameList.joinToString(".") }
 
-    fun lookup(name: String) =
-        lookupUnqualified(name)
-    open fun lookup(scopedName: List<String>) =
-        if(scopedName.size>1) lookupQualified(scopedName) else lookupUnqualified(scopedName[0])
-    fun lookupOrElse(name: String, default: () -> StNode) =
-        lookupUnqualified(name) ?: default()
-    fun lookupOrElse(scopedName: List<String>, default: () -> StNode) =
-        lookup(scopedName) ?: default()
+    open fun lookup(scopedName: String) =
+        lookup(scopedName.split('.'))
 
-    private fun lookupQualified(scopedName: List<String>): StNode? {
-        // a scoped name refers to a name in another namespace, and always stars from the root.
-        var node = this
-        while(node.type!= StNodeType.GLOBAL)
-            node = node.parent
+    fun lookupUnscopedOrElse(name: String, default: () -> StNode) =
+        lookupUnscoped(name) ?: default()
 
-        for(name in scopedName) {
-            if(name in node.children)
-                node = node.children.getValue(name)
-            else
-                return null
-        }
-        return node
-    }
+    fun lookupOrElse(scopedName: String, default: () -> StNode): StNode =
+        lookup(scopedName.split('.')) ?: default()
 
-    private fun lookupUnqualified(name: String): StNode? {
+    fun lookupUnscoped(name: String): StNode? {
         // first consider the builtin functions
         var globalscope = this
         while(globalscope.type!= StNodeType.GLOBAL)
@@ -138,37 +131,57 @@ open class StNode(val name: String,
         children[child.name] = child
         child.parent = this
     }
+
+    private val scopedNameList: List<String> by lazy {
+        if(type== StNodeType.GLOBAL)
+            emptyList()
+        else
+            parent.scopedNameList + name
+    }
+
+    private fun lookup(scopedName: List<String>): StNode? {
+        // a scoped name refers to a name in another namespace, and always stars from the root.
+        var node = this
+        while(node.type!= StNodeType.GLOBAL)
+            node = node.parent
+
+        for(name in scopedName) {
+            if(name in node.children)
+                node = node.children.getValue(name)
+            else
+                return null
+        }
+        return node
+    }
 }
 
 class StStaticVariable(name: String,
                        val dt: DataType,
-                       val bss: Boolean,
                        val onetimeInitializationNumericValue: Double?,      // regular (every-run-time) initialization is done via regular assignments
                        val onetimeInitializationStringValue: StString?,
                        val onetimeInitializationArrayValue: StArray?,
-                       val length: Int?,             // for arrays: the number of elements, for strings: number of characters *including* the terminating 0-byte
-                       val zpwish: ZeropageWish,
-                       position: Position) : StNode(name, StNodeType.STATICVAR, position) {
+                       val length: Int?,            // for arrays: the number of elements, for strings: number of characters *including* the terminating 0-byte
+                       val zpwish: ZeropageWish,    // used in the variable allocator
+                       astNode: PtNode) : StNode(name, StNodeType.STATICVAR, astNode) {
+
+    val uninitialized = onetimeInitializationArrayValue==null && onetimeInitializationStringValue==null && onetimeInitializationNumericValue==null
 
     init {
-        if(bss) {
-            require(onetimeInitializationNumericValue==null)
-            require(onetimeInitializationStringValue==null)
-            require(onetimeInitializationArrayValue.isNullOrEmpty())
-        } else {
-            require(onetimeInitializationNumericValue!=null ||
-                    onetimeInitializationStringValue!=null ||
-                    onetimeInitializationArrayValue!=null)
-        }
         if(length!=null) {
             require(onetimeInitializationNumericValue == null)
             if(onetimeInitializationArrayValue!=null)
                 require(onetimeInitializationArrayValue.isEmpty() ||onetimeInitializationArrayValue.size==length)
         }
-        if(onetimeInitializationNumericValue!=null)
+        if(onetimeInitializationNumericValue!=null) {
             require(dt in NumericDatatypes)
-        if(onetimeInitializationArrayValue!=null)
+            require(onetimeInitializationNumericValue!=0.0) { "zero as init value should just remain uninitialized"}
+        }
+        if(onetimeInitializationArrayValue!=null) {
             require(dt in ArrayDatatypes)
+            if(onetimeInitializationArrayValue.all { it.number!=null} ) {
+                require(onetimeInitializationArrayValue.any { it.number != 0.0 }) { "array of all zerors as init value should just remain uninitialized" }
+            }
+        }
         if(onetimeInitializationStringValue!=null) {
             require(dt == DataType.STR)
             require(length == onetimeInitializationStringValue.first.length+1)
@@ -177,8 +190,8 @@ class StStaticVariable(name: String,
 }
 
 
-class StConstant(name: String, val dt: DataType, val value: Double, position: Position) :
-    StNode(name, StNodeType.CONSTANT, position) {
+class StConstant(name: String, val dt: DataType, val value: Double, astNode: PtNode) :
+    StNode(name, StNodeType.CONSTANT, astNode) {
 }
 
 
@@ -186,36 +199,36 @@ class StMemVar(name: String,
                val dt: DataType,
                val address: UInt,
                val length: Int?,             // for arrays: the number of elements, for strings: number of characters *including* the terminating 0-byte
-               position: Position) :
-    StNode(name, StNodeType.MEMVAR, position) {
+               astNode: PtNode) :
+    StNode(name, StNodeType.MEMVAR, astNode) {
 }
 
 class StMemorySlab(
     name: String,
     val size: UInt,
     val align: UInt,
-    position: Position
+    astNode: PtNode
 ):
-    StNode(name, StNodeType.MEMORYSLAB, position) {
+    StNode(name, StNodeType.MEMORYSLAB, astNode) {
 }
 
-class StSub(name: String, val parameters: List<StSubroutineParameter>, val returnType: DataType?, position: Position) :
-        StNode(name, StNodeType.SUBROUTINE, position) {
+class StSub(name: String, val parameters: List<StSubroutineParameter>, val returnType: DataType?, astNode: PtNode) :
+        StNode(name, StNodeType.SUBROUTINE, astNode) {
 }
 
 
 class StRomSub(name: String,
                val address: UInt,
                val parameters: List<StRomSubParameter>,
-               val returns: List<RegisterOrStatusflag>,
-               position: Position) :
-    StNode(name, StNodeType.ROMSUB, position) {
-}
+               val returns: List<StRomSubParameter>,
+               astNode: PtNode) :
+    StNode(name, StNodeType.ROMSUB, astNode)
+
 
 
 class StSubroutineParameter(val name: String, val type: DataType)
 class StRomSubParameter(val register: RegisterOrStatusflag, val type: DataType)
-class StArrayElement(val number: Double?, val addressOf: List<String>?)
+class StArrayElement(val number: Double?, val addressOfSymbol: String?)
 
 typealias StString = Pair<String, Encoding>
 typealias StArray = List<StArrayElement>

codeCore/src/prog8/code/SymbolTableMaker.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+package prog8.code
+
+import prog8.code.ast.*
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.VMTarget
+import java.util.*
+
+class SymbolTableMaker(private val program: PtProgram, private val options: CompilationOptions) {
+    fun make(): SymbolTable {
+        val st = SymbolTable(program)
+
+        BuiltinFunctions.forEach {
+            st.add(StNode(it.key, StNodeType.BUILTINFUNC, PtIdentifier(it.key, it.value.returnType ?: DataType.UNDEFINED, Position.DUMMY)))
+        }
+
+        val scopestack = Stack<StNode>()
+        scopestack.push(st)
+        program.children.forEach {
+            addToSt(it, scopestack)
+        }
+        require(scopestack.size==1)
+
+        if(options.compTarget.name != VMTarget.NAME) {
+            listOf(
+                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, options.compTarget.machine.zeropage.SCRATCH_B1, null, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG", DataType.UBYTE, options.compTarget.machine.zeropage.SCRATCH_REG, null, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UWORD, options.compTarget.machine.zeropage.SCRATCH_W1, null, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD, options.compTarget.machine.zeropage.SCRATCH_W2, null, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ESTACK_LO", DataType.ARRAY_UB, options.compTarget.machine.ESTACK_LO, 256u, Position.DUMMY),
+                PtMemMapped("P8ESTACK_HI", DataType.ARRAY_UB, options.compTarget.machine.ESTACK_HI, 256u, Position.DUMMY)
+            ).forEach {
+                it.parent = program
+                st.add(StMemVar(it.name, it.type, it.address, null, it))
+            }
+        }
+
+        return st
+    }
+
+    private fun addToSt(node: PtNode, scope: Stack<StNode>) {
+        val stNode = when(node) {
+            is PtAsmSub -> {
+                if(node.address==null) {
+                    val params = node.parameters.map { StSubroutineParameter(it.second.name, it.second.type) }
+                    StSub(node.name, params, node.returns.singleOrNull()?.second, node)
+                } else {
+                    val parameters = node.parameters.map { StRomSubParameter(it.first, it.second.type) }
+                    val returns = node.returns.map { StRomSubParameter(it.first, it.second) }
+                    StRomSub(node.name, node.address, parameters, returns, node)
+                }
+            }
+            is PtBlock -> {
+                StNode(node.name, StNodeType.BLOCK, node)
+            }
+            is PtConstant -> {
+                StConstant(node.name, node.type, node.value, node)
+            }
+            is PtLabel -> {
+                StNode(node.name, StNodeType.LABEL, node)
+            }
+            is PtMemMapped -> {
+                StMemVar(node.name, node.type, node.address, node.arraySize?.toInt(), node)
+            }
+            is PtSub -> {
+                val params = node.parameters.map {StSubroutineParameter(it.name, it.type) }
+                StSub(node.name, params, node.returntype, node)
+            }
+            is PtVariable -> {
+                val initialNumeric: Double?
+                val initialString: StString?
+                val initialArray: StArray?
+                val numElements: Int?
+                val value = node.value
+                if(value!=null) {
+                    val number = (value as? PtNumber)?.number
+                    initialNumeric = if(number==0.0) null else number       // 0 as init value -> just uninitialized
+                    when (value) {
+                        is PtString -> {
+                            initialString = StString(value.value, value.encoding)
+                            initialArray = null
+                            numElements = value.value.length + 1   // include the terminating 0-byte
+                        }
+                        is PtArray -> {
+                            val array = makeInitialArray(value)
+                            initialArray = if(array.all { it.number==0.0 }) null else array            // all 0 as init value -> just uninitialized
+                            initialString = null
+                            numElements = array.size
+                            require(node.arraySize?.toInt()==numElements)
+                        }
+                        else -> {
+                            initialString = null
+                            initialArray = null
+                            numElements = node.arraySize?.toInt()
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    initialNumeric = null
+                    initialArray = null
+                    initialString = null
+                    numElements = node.arraySize?.toInt()
+                }
+                StStaticVariable(node.name, node.type, initialNumeric, initialString, initialArray, numElements, node.zeropage, node)
+            }
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> {
+                if(node.name=="memory") {
+                    // memory slab allocations are a builtin functioncall in the program, but end up named as well in the symboltable
+                    require(node.name.all { it.isLetterOrDigit() || it=='_' }) {"memory name should be a valid symbol name"}
+                    val slabname = (node.args[0] as PtString).value
+                    val size = (node.args[1] as PtNumber).number.toUInt()
+                    val align = (node.args[2] as PtNumber).number.toUInt()
+                    // don't add memory slabs in nested scope, just put them in the top level of the ST
+                    scope.firstElement().add(StMemorySlab("prog8_memoryslab_$slabname", size, align, node))
+                }
+                null
+            }
+            else -> null // node is not present in the ST
+        }
+
+        if(stNode!=null) {
+            scope.peek().add(stNode)
+            scope.push(stNode)
+        }
+        node.children.forEach {
+            addToSt(it, scope)
+        }
+        if(stNode!=null)
+            scope.pop()
+    }
+
+    private fun makeInitialArray(value: PtArray): List<StArrayElement> {
+        return value.children.map {
+            when(it) {
+                is PtAddressOf -> StArrayElement(null, it.identifier.name)
+                is PtIdentifier -> StArrayElement(null, it.name)
+                is PtNumber -> StArrayElement(it.number, null)
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid array element $it")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+//    override fun visit(decl: VarDecl) {
+//        val node =
+//            when(decl.type) {
+//                VarDeclType.VAR -> {
+//                    var initialNumeric = (decl.value as? NumericLiteral)?.number
+//                    if(initialNumeric==0.0)
+//                        initialNumeric=null     // variable will go into BSS and this will be set to 0
+//                    val initialStringLit = decl.value as? StringLiteral
+//                    val initialString = if(initialStringLit==null) null else Pair(initialStringLit.value, initialStringLit.encoding)
+//                    val initialArrayLit = decl.value as? ArrayLiteral
+//                    val initialArray = makeInitialArray(initialArrayLit)
+//                    if(decl.isArray && decl.datatype !in ArrayDatatypes)
+//                        throw FatalAstException("array vardecl has mismatched dt ${decl.datatype}")
+//                    val numElements =
+//                        if(decl.isArray)
+//                            decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()
+//                        else if(initialStringLit!=null)
+//                            initialStringLit.value.length+1  // include the terminating 0-byte
+//                        else
+//                            null
+//                    val bss = if(decl.datatype==DataType.STR)
+//                        false
+//                    else if(decl.isArray)
+//                        initialArray.isNullOrEmpty()
+//                    else
+//                        initialNumeric == null
+//                    val astNode = PtVariable(decl.name, decl.datatype, null, null, decl.position)
+//                    StStaticVariable(decl.name, decl.datatype, bss, initialNumeric, initialString, initialArray, numElements, decl.zeropage, astNode, decl.position)
+//                }
+//                VarDeclType.CONST -> {
+//                    val astNode = PtVariable(decl.name, decl.datatype, null, null, decl.position)
+//                    StConstant(decl.name, decl.datatype, (decl.value as NumericLiteral).number, astNode, decl.position)
+//                }
+//                VarDeclType.MEMORY -> {
+//                    val numElements =
+//                        if(decl.datatype in ArrayDatatypes)
+//                            decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()
+//                        else null
+//                    val astNode = PtVariable(decl.name, decl.datatype, null, null, decl.position)
+//                    StMemVar(decl.name, decl.datatype, (decl.value as NumericLiteral).number.toUInt(), numElements, astNode, decl.position)
+//                }
+//            }
+//        scopestack.peek().add(node)
+//        // st.origAstLinks[decl] = node
+//    }
+//
+//    private fun makeInitialArray(arrayLit: ArrayLiteral?): StArray? {
+//        if(arrayLit==null)
+//            return null
+//        return arrayLit.value.map {
+//            when(it){
+//                is AddressOf -> {
+//                    val scopedName = it.identifier.targetNameAndType(program).first
+//                    StArrayElement(null, scopedName)
+//                }
+//                is IdentifierReference -> {
+//                    val scopedName = it.targetNameAndType(program).first
+//                    StArrayElement(null, scopedName)
+//                }
+//                is NumericLiteral -> StArrayElement(it.number, null)
+//                else -> throw FatalAstException("weird element dt in array literal")
+//            }
+//        }.toList()
+//    }
+//

codeCore/src/prog8/code/ast/AstBase.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package prog8.code.ast
 
-import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.core.IMemSizer
+import prog8.code.core.IStringEncoding
+import prog8.code.core.Position
+import prog8.code.core.SourceCode
 import java.nio.file.Path
 
 // New simplified AST for the code generator.
@@ -11,16 +14,6 @@ sealed class PtNode(val position: Position) {
     val children = mutableListOf<PtNode>()
     lateinit var parent: PtNode
 
-    fun printIndented(indent: Int) {
-        print("    ".repeat(indent))
-        print("${this.javaClass.simpleName}  ")
-        printProperties()
-        println()
-        children.forEach { it.printIndented(indent+1) }
-    }
-
-    abstract fun printProperties()
-
     fun add(child: PtNode) {
         children.add(child)
         child.parent = this
@@ -34,23 +27,24 @@ sealed class PtNode(val position: Position) {
     fun definingBlock() = findParentNode<PtBlock>(this)
     fun definingSub() = findParentNode<PtSub>(this)
     fun definingAsmSub() = findParentNode<PtAsmSub>(this)
+    fun definingISub() = findParentNode<IPtSubroutine>(this)
 }
 
 
-class PtNodeGroup : PtNode(Position.DUMMY) {
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
+class PtNodeGroup : PtNode(Position.DUMMY)
 
 
-sealed class PtNamedNode(val name: String, position: Position): PtNode(position) {
-    val scopedName: List<String> by lazy {
+sealed class PtNamedNode(var name: String, position: Position): PtNode(position) {
+    // Note that as an exception, the 'name' is not read-only
+    // but a var. This is to allow for cheap node renames.
+    val scopedName: String by lazy {
         var namedParent: PtNode = this.parent
         if(namedParent is PtProgram)
-            listOf(name)
+            name
         else {
             while (namedParent !is PtNamedNode)
                 namedParent = namedParent.parent
-            namedParent.scopedName + name
+            namedParent.scopedName + "." + name
         }
     }
 }
@@ -61,10 +55,6 @@ class PtProgram(
     val memsizer: IMemSizer,
     val encoding: IStringEncoding
 ) : PtNode(Position.DUMMY) {
-    fun print() = printIndented(0)
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("'$name'")
-    }
 
 //    fun allModuleDirectives(): Sequence<PtDirective> =
 //        children.asSequence().flatMap { it.children }.filterIsInstance<PtDirective>().distinct()
@@ -82,12 +72,9 @@ class PtBlock(name: String,
               val library: Boolean,
               val forceOutput: Boolean,
               val alignment: BlockAlignment,
+              val source: SourceCode,       // taken from the module the block is defined in.
               position: Position
 ) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$name  addr=$address  library=$library  forceOutput=$forceOutput  alignment=$alignment")
-    }
-
     enum class BlockAlignment {
         NONE,
         WORD,
@@ -97,8 +84,6 @@ class PtBlock(name: String,
 
 
 class PtInlineAssembly(val assembly: String, val isIR: Boolean, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-
     init {
         require(!assembly.startsWith('\n') && !assembly.startsWith('\r')) { "inline assembly should be trimmed" }
         require(!assembly.endsWith('\n') && !assembly.endsWith('\r')) { "inline assembly should be trimmed" }
@@ -106,34 +91,16 @@ class PtInlineAssembly(val assembly: String, val isIR: Boolean, position: Positi
 }
 
 
-class PtLabel(name: String, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print(name)
-    }
-}
+class PtLabel(name: String, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position)
 
 
-class PtBreakpoint(position: Position): PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
+class PtBreakpoint(position: Position): PtNode(position)
 
 
-class PtIncludeBinary(val file: Path, val offset: UInt?, val length: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("filename=$file  offset=$offset  length=$length")
-    }
-}
+class PtIncludeBinary(val file: Path, val offset: UInt?, val length: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNode(position)
 
 
-class PtNop(position: Position): PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
-
-
-class PtScopeVarsDecls(position: Position): PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {}
-}
-
+class PtNop(position: Position): PtNode(position)
 
 
 // find the parent node of a specific type or interface

codeCore/src/prog8/code/ast/AstExpressions.kt

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 package prog8.code.ast
 
-import prog8.code.core.DataType
-import prog8.code.core.Encoding
-import prog8.code.core.Position
+import prog8.code.core.*
 import java.util.*
+import kotlin.math.abs
 import kotlin.math.round
 
 
@@ -23,17 +22,13 @@ sealed class PtExpression(val type: DataType, position: Position) : PtNode(posit
         }
     }
 
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print(type)
-    }
-
     infix fun isSameAs(other: PtExpression): Boolean {
         return when(this) {
             is PtAddressOf -> other is PtAddressOf && other.type==type && other.identifier isSameAs identifier
             is PtArrayIndexer -> other is PtArrayIndexer && other.type==type && other.variable isSameAs variable && other.index isSameAs index
             is PtBinaryExpression -> other is PtBinaryExpression && other.left isSameAs left && other.right isSameAs right
             is PtContainmentCheck -> other is PtContainmentCheck && other.type==type && other.element isSameAs element && other.iterable isSameAs iterable
-            is PtIdentifier -> other is PtIdentifier && other.type==type && other.targetName==targetName
+            is PtIdentifier -> other is PtIdentifier && other.type==type && other.name==name
             is PtMachineRegister -> other is PtMachineRegister && other.type==type && other.register==register
             is PtMemoryByte -> other is PtMemoryByte && other.address isSameAs address
             is PtNumber -> other is PtNumber && other.type==type && other.number==number
@@ -43,6 +38,69 @@ sealed class PtExpression(val type: DataType, position: Position) : PtNode(posit
             else -> false
         }
     }
+
+    infix fun isSameAs(target: PtAssignTarget): Boolean {
+        return when {
+            target.memory != null && this is PtMemoryByte-> {
+                target.memory!!.address isSameAs this.address
+            }
+            target.identifier != null && this is PtIdentifier -> {
+                this.name == target.identifier!!.name
+            }
+            target.array != null && this is PtArrayIndexer -> {
+                this.variable.name == target.array!!.variable.name && this.index isSameAs target.array!!.index
+            }
+            else -> false
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun asConstInteger(): Int? = (this as? PtNumber)?.number?.toInt()
+
+    fun isSimple(): Boolean {
+        return when(this) {
+            is PtAddressOf -> true
+            is PtArray -> true
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> index is PtNumber || index is PtIdentifier
+            is PtBinaryExpression -> false
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> name in arrayOf("msb", "lsb", "peek", "peekw", "mkword", "set_carry", "set_irqd", "clear_carry", "clear_irqd")
+            is PtContainmentCheck -> false
+            is PtFunctionCall -> false
+            is PtIdentifier -> true
+            is PtMachineRegister -> true
+            is PtMemoryByte -> address is PtNumber || address is PtIdentifier
+            is PtNumber -> true
+            is PtPrefix -> value.isSimple()
+            is PtRange -> true
+            is PtString -> true
+            is PtTypeCast -> value.isSimple()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+    fun clone(): PtExpression {
+        fun withClonedChildrenFrom(orig: PtExpression, clone: PtExpression): PtExpression {
+            orig.children.forEach { clone.add((it as PtExpression).clone()) }
+            return clone
+        }
+        when(this) {
+            is PtAddressOf -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtAddressOf(position))
+            is PtArray -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtArray(type, position))
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtArrayIndexer(type, position))
+            is PtBinaryExpression -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtBinaryExpression(operator, type, position))
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtBuiltinFunctionCall(name, void, hasNoSideEffects, type, position))
+            is PtContainmentCheck -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtContainmentCheck(position))
+            is PtFunctionCall -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtFunctionCall(name, void, type, position))
+            is PtIdentifier -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtIdentifier(name, type, position))
+            is PtMachineRegister -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtMachineRegister(register, type, position))
+            is PtMemoryByte -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtMemoryByte(position))
+            is PtNumber -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtNumber(type, number, position))
+            is PtPrefix -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtPrefix(operator, type, position))
+            is PtRange -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtRange(type, position))
+            is PtString -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtString(value, encoding, position))
+            is PtTypeCast -> return withClonedChildrenFrom(this, PtTypeCast(type, position))
+        }
+    }
+    */
 }
 
 class PtAddressOf(position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.UWORD, position) {
@@ -51,11 +109,15 @@ class PtAddressOf(position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.UWORD, position) {
 }
 
 
-class PtArrayIndexer(type: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(type, position) {
+class PtArrayIndexer(elementType: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(elementType, position) {
     val variable: PtIdentifier
         get() = children[0] as PtIdentifier
     val index: PtExpression
         get() = children[1] as PtExpression
+
+    init {
+        require(elementType in NumericDatatypes)
+    }
 }
 
 
@@ -66,6 +128,9 @@ class PtArray(type: DataType, position: Position): PtExpression(type, position)
             return false
         return type==other.type && children == other.children
     }
+
+    val size: Int
+        get() = children.size
 }
 
 
@@ -81,9 +146,6 @@ class PtBuiltinFunctionCall(val name: String,
 
     val args: List<PtExpression>
         get() = children.map { it as PtExpression }
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$name void=$void noSideFx=$hasNoSideEffects")
-    }
 }
 
 
@@ -93,10 +155,6 @@ class PtBinaryExpression(val operator: String, type: DataType, position: Positio
         get() = children[0] as PtExpression
     val right: PtExpression
         get() = children[1] as PtExpression
-
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$operator -> $type")
-    }
 }
 
 
@@ -108,7 +166,7 @@ class PtContainmentCheck(position: Position): PtExpression(DataType.UBYTE, posit
 }
 
 
-class PtFunctionCall(val functionName: List<String>,
+class PtFunctionCall(val name: String,
                      val void: Boolean,
                      type: DataType,
                      position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
@@ -119,28 +177,25 @@ class PtFunctionCall(val functionName: List<String>,
 
     val args: List<PtExpression>
         get() = children.map { it as PtExpression }
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("${functionName.joinToString(".")} void=$void")
-    }
 }
 
 
-class PtIdentifier(val ref: List<String>, val targetName: List<String>, type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$ref --> $targetName  $type")
-    }
-}
+class PtIdentifier(val name: String, type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position)
 
 
 class PtMemoryByte(position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.UBYTE, position) {
     val address: PtExpression
         get() = children.single() as PtExpression
-    override fun printProperties() {}
 }
 
 
 class PtNumber(type: DataType, val number: Double, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
 
+    companion object {
+        fun fromBoolean(bool: Boolean, position: Position): PtNumber =
+            PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, if(bool) 1.0 else 0.0, position)
+    }
+
     init {
         if(type==DataType.BOOL)
             throw IllegalArgumentException("bool should have become ubyte @$position")
@@ -151,10 +206,6 @@ class PtNumber(type: DataType, val number: Double, position: Position) : PtExpre
         }
     }
 
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$number ($type)")
-    }
-
     override fun hashCode(): Int = Objects.hash(type, number)
 
     override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
@@ -175,10 +226,6 @@ class PtPrefix(val operator: String, type: DataType, position: Position): PtExpr
         // note: the "not" operator may no longer occur in the ast; not x should have been replaced with x==0
         require(operator in setOf("+", "-", "~")) { "invalid prefix operator: $operator" }
     }
-
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print(operator)
-    }
 }
 
 
@@ -190,15 +237,36 @@ class PtRange(type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position)
     val step: PtNumber
         get() = children[2] as PtNumber
 
-    override fun printProperties() {}
+    fun toConstantIntegerRange(): IntProgression? {
+        fun makeRange(fromVal: Int, toVal: Int, stepVal: Int): IntProgression {
+            return when {
+                fromVal <= toVal -> when {
+                    stepVal <= 0 -> IntRange.EMPTY
+                    stepVal == 1 -> fromVal..toVal
+                    else -> fromVal..toVal step stepVal
+                }
+                else -> when {
+                    stepVal >= 0 -> IntRange.EMPTY
+                    stepVal == -1 -> fromVal downTo toVal
+                    else -> fromVal downTo toVal step abs(stepVal)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        val fromLv = from as? PtNumber
+        val toLv = to as? PtNumber
+        val stepLv = step as? PtNumber
+        if(fromLv==null || toLv==null || stepLv==null)
+            return null
+        val fromVal = fromLv.number.toInt()
+        val toVal = toLv.number.toInt()
+        val stepVal = stepLv.number.toInt()
+        return makeRange(fromVal, toVal, stepVal)
+    }
 }
 
 
 class PtString(val value: String, val encoding: Encoding, position: Position) : PtExpression(DataType.STR, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$encoding:\"$value\"")
-    }
-
     override fun hashCode(): Int = Objects.hash(value, encoding)
     override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
         if(other==null || other !is PtString)
@@ -214,12 +282,8 @@ class PtTypeCast(type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, positi
 }
 
 
-// special node that isn't created from compiling user code, but used internally
-class PtMachineRegister(val register: Int, type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("reg=$register  $type")
-    }
-}
+// special node that isn't created from compiling user code, but used internally in the Intermediate Code
+class PtMachineRegister(val register: Int, type: DataType, position: Position) : PtExpression(type, position)
 
 
 fun constValue(expr: PtExpression): Double? = if(expr is PtNumber) expr.number else null

codeCore/src/prog8/code/ast/AstPrinter.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+package prog8.code.ast
+
+import prog8.code.core.*
+
+/**
+ * Produces readable text from a [PtNode] (AST node, usually starting with PtProgram as root),
+ * passing it as a String to the specified receiver function.
+ */
+fun printAst(root: PtNode, output: (text: String) -> Unit) {
+    fun type(dt: DataType) = "!${dt.name.lowercase()}!"
+    fun txt(node: PtNode): String {
+        return when(node) {
+            is PtAssignTarget -> "<target>"
+            is PtAssignment -> "<assign>"
+            is PtAugmentedAssign -> "<inplace-assign> ${node.operator}"
+            is PtBreakpoint -> "%breakpoint"
+            is PtConditionalBranch -> "if_${node.condition.name.lowercase()}"
+            is PtAddressOf -> "&"
+            is PtArray -> "array len=${node.children.size} ${type(node.type)}"
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> "<arrayindexer> ${type(node.type)}"
+            is PtBinaryExpression -> "<expr> ${node.operator} ${type(node.type)}"
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> {
+                val str = if(node.void) "void " else ""
+                str + node.name + "()"
+            }
+            is PtContainmentCheck -> "in"
+            is PtFunctionCall -> {
+                val str = if(node.void) "void " else ""
+                str + node.name + "()"
+            }
+            is PtIdentifier -> "${node.name} ${type(node.type)}"
+            is PtMachineRegister -> "VMREG#${node.register} ${type(node.type)}"
+            is PtMemoryByte -> "@()"
+            is PtNumber -> {
+                val numstr = if(node.type == DataType.FLOAT) node.number.toString() else node.number.toHex()
+                "$numstr ${type(node.type)}"
+            }
+            is PtPrefix -> node.operator
+            is PtRange -> "<range>"
+            is PtString -> "\"${node.value.escape()}\""
+            is PtTypeCast -> "as ${node.type.name.lowercase()}"
+            is PtForLoop -> "for"
+            is PtIfElse -> "ifelse"
+            is PtIncludeBinary -> "%incbin '${node.file}', ${node.offset}, ${node.length}"
+            is PtInlineAssembly -> {
+                if(node.isIR)
+                    "%ir {{ ...${node.assembly.length} characters... }}"
+                else
+                    "%asm {{ ...${node.assembly.length} characters... }}"
+            }
+            is PtJump -> {
+                if(node.identifier!=null)
+                    "goto ${node.identifier.name}"
+                else if(node.address!=null)
+                    "goto ${node.address.toHex()}"
+                else if(node.generatedLabel!=null)
+                    "goto ${node.generatedLabel}"
+                else
+                    "???"
+            }
+            is PtAsmSub -> {
+                val params = if (node.parameters.isEmpty()) "" else "...TODO ${node.parameters.size} PARAMS..."
+                val clobbers = if (node.clobbers.isEmpty()) "" else "clobbers ${node.clobbers}"
+                val returns = if (node.returns.isEmpty()) "" else (if (node.returns.size == 1) "-> ${node.returns[0].second.name.lowercase()}" else "-> ${node.returns.map { it.second.name.lowercase() }}")
+                val str = if (node.inline) "inline " else ""
+                if(node.address==null) {
+                    str + "asmsub ${node.name}($params) $clobbers $returns"
+                } else {
+                    str + "romsub ${node.address.toHex()} = ${node.name}($params) $clobbers $returns"
+                }
+            }
+            is PtBlock -> {
+                val addr = if(node.address==null) "" else "@${node.address.toHex()}"
+                val align = if(node.alignment==PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE) "" else "align=${node.alignment}"
+                "\nblock '${node.name}' $addr $align"
+            }
+            is PtConstant -> {
+                val value = if(node.type in IntegerDatatypes) node.value.toInt().toString() else node.value.toString()
+                "const ${node.type.name.lowercase()} ${node.name} = $value"
+            }
+            is PtLabel -> "${node.name}:"
+            is PtMemMapped -> {
+                if(node.type in ArrayDatatypes) {
+                    val arraysize = if(node.arraySize==null) "" else node.arraySize.toString()
+                    val eltType = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(node.type)
+                    "&${eltType.name.lowercase()}[$arraysize] ${node.name} = ${node.address.toHex()}"
+                } else {
+                    "&${node.type.name.lowercase()} ${node.name} = ${node.address.toHex()}"
+                }
+            }
+            is PtSub -> {
+                val params = if (node.parameters.isEmpty()) "" else "...TODO ${node.parameters.size} PARAMS..."
+                var str = "sub ${node.name}($params) "
+                if(node.returntype!=null)
+                    str += "-> ${node.returntype.name.lowercase()}"
+                str
+            }
+            is PtVariable -> {
+                val str = if(node.arraySize!=null) {
+                    val eltType = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(node.type)
+                    "${eltType.name.lowercase()}[${node.arraySize}] ${node.name}"
+                }
+                else if(node.type in ArrayDatatypes) {
+                    val eltType = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(node.type)
+                    "${eltType.name.lowercase()}[] ${node.name}"
+                }
+                else
+                    "${node.type.name.lowercase()} ${node.name}"
+                if(node.value!=null)
+                    str + " = " + txt(node.value)
+                else
+                    str
+            }
+            is PtNodeGroup -> "<group>"
+            is PtNop -> "nop"
+            is PtPostIncrDecr -> "<post> ${node.operator}"
+            is PtProgram -> "PROGRAM ${node.name}"
+            is PtRepeatLoop -> "repeat"
+            is PtReturn -> "return"
+            is PtSubroutineParameter -> "${node.type.name.lowercase()} ${node.name}"
+            is PtWhen -> "when"
+            is PtWhenChoice -> {
+                if(node.isElse)
+                    "else"
+                else
+                    "->"
+            }
+            else -> throw InternalCompilerException("unrecognised ast node $node")
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(root is PtProgram) {
+        output(txt(root))
+        root.children.forEach {
+            walkAst(it) { node, depth ->
+                val txt = txt(node)
+                if(txt.isNotEmpty())
+                    output("    ".repeat(depth) + txt(node))
+            }
+        }
+        println()
+    } else {
+        walkAst(root) { node, depth ->
+            val txt = txt(node)
+            if(txt.isNotEmpty())
+                output("    ".repeat(depth) + txt(node))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fun walkAst(root: PtNode, act: (node: PtNode, depth: Int) -> Unit) {
+    fun recurse(node: PtNode, depth: Int) {
+        act(node, depth)
+        node.children.forEach { recurse(it, depth+1) }
+    }
+    recurse(root, 0)
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/ast/AstStatements.kt

@@ -3,48 +3,39 @@ package prog8.code.ast
 import prog8.code.core.*
 
 
+sealed interface IPtSubroutine {
+    val name: String
+}
+
 class PtAsmSub(
     name: String,
     val address: UInt?,
     val clobbers: Set<CpuRegister>,
-    val parameters: List<Pair<PtSubroutineParameter, RegisterOrStatusflag>>,
-    val returnTypes: List<DataType>,    // TODO join with register as Pairs ?
-    val retvalRegisters: List<RegisterOrStatusflag>,
+    val parameters: List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, PtSubroutineParameter>>,
+    val returns: List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, DataType>>,
     val inline: Boolean,
     position: Position
-) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$name  inline=$inline")
-    }
-}
+) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtSubroutine
 
 
 class PtSub(
     name: String,
     val parameters: List<PtSubroutineParameter>,
     val returntype: DataType?,
-    val inline: Boolean,
     position: Position
-) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print(name)
-    }
-
+) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtSubroutine {
     init {
         // params and return value should not be str
         if(parameters.any{ it.type !in NumericDatatypes })
             throw AssemblyError("non-numeric parameter")
         if(returntype!=null && returntype !in NumericDatatypes)
             throw AssemblyError("non-numeric returntype $returntype")
+        parameters.forEach { it.parent=this }
     }
 }
 
 
-class PtSubroutineParameter(val name: String, val type: DataType, position: Position): PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$type $name")
-    }
-}
+class PtSubroutineParameter(name: String, val type: DataType, position: Position): PtNamedNode(name, position)
 
 
 class PtAssignment(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
@@ -52,38 +43,22 @@ class PtAssignment(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
         get() = children[0] as PtAssignTarget
     val value: PtExpression
         get() = children[1] as PtExpression
+}
 
-    override fun printProperties() { }
 
-    val isInplaceAssign: Boolean by lazy {
-        val target = target.children.single() as PtExpression
-        when(val source = value) {
-            is PtArrayIndexer -> {
-                if(target is PtArrayIndexer && source.type==target.type) {
-                    if(target.variable isSameAs source.variable) {
-                        target.index isSameAs source.index
-                    }
-                }
-                false
-            }
-            is PtIdentifier -> target is PtIdentifier && target.type==source.type && target.targetName==source.targetName
-            is PtMachineRegister -> target is PtMachineRegister && target.register==source.register
-            is PtMemoryByte -> target is PtMemoryByte && target.address isSameAs source.address
-            is PtNumber -> target is PtNumber && target.type == source.type && target.number==source.number
-            is PtAddressOf -> target is PtAddressOf && target.identifier isSameAs source.identifier
-            is PtPrefix -> {
-                (target is PtPrefix && target.operator==source.operator && target.value isSameAs source.value)
-                        ||
-                (target is PtIdentifier && (source.value as? PtIdentifier)?.targetName==target.targetName)
-            }
-            is PtTypeCast -> target is PtTypeCast && target.type==source.type && target.value isSameAs source.value
-            is PtBinaryExpression ->
-                target isSameAs source.left
-            else -> false
+class PtAugmentedAssign(val operator: String, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
+    val target: PtAssignTarget
+        get() = children[0] as PtAssignTarget
+    val value: PtExpression
+        get() = children[1] as PtExpression
+    init {
+        require(operator.endsWith('=') || operator in PrefixOperators) {
+            "invalid augmented assign operator $operator"
         }
     }
 }
 
+
 class PtAssignTarget(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
     val identifier: PtIdentifier?
         get() = children.single() as? PtIdentifier
@@ -102,7 +77,7 @@ class PtAssignTarget(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
             }
         }
 
-    override fun printProperties() {}
+    infix fun isSameAs(expression: PtExpression): Boolean = expression.isSameAs(this)
 }
 
 
@@ -111,10 +86,6 @@ class PtConditionalBranch(val condition: BranchCondition, position: Position) :
         get() = children[0] as PtNodeGroup
     val falseScope: PtNodeGroup
         get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
-
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print(condition)
-    }
 }
 
 
@@ -125,8 +96,6 @@ class PtForLoop(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
         get() = children[1] as PtExpression
     val statements: PtNodeGroup
         get() = children[2] as PtNodeGroup
-
-    override fun printProperties() {}
 }
 
 
@@ -137,8 +106,6 @@ class PtIfElse(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
         get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
     val elseScope: PtNodeGroup
         get() = children[2] as PtNodeGroup
-
-    override fun printProperties() {}
 }
 
 
@@ -146,10 +113,8 @@ class PtJump(val identifier: PtIdentifier?,
              val address: UInt?,
              val generatedLabel: String?,
              position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        identifier?.printProperties()
-        if(address!=null) print(address.toHex())
-        if(generatedLabel!=null) print(generatedLabel)
+    init {
+        identifier?.let {it.parent = this }
     }
 }
 
@@ -157,10 +122,6 @@ class PtJump(val identifier: PtIdentifier?,
 class PtPostIncrDecr(val operator: String, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
     val target: PtAssignTarget
         get() = children.single() as PtAssignTarget
-
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print(operator)
-    }
 }
 
 
@@ -169,8 +130,6 @@ class PtRepeatLoop(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
         get() = children[0] as PtExpression
     val statements: PtNodeGroup
         get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
-
-    override fun printProperties() {}
 }
 
 
@@ -183,30 +142,26 @@ class PtReturn(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
             else
                 null
         }
-
-    override fun printProperties() {}
 }
 
 
-class PtVariable(name: String, val type: DataType, var value: PtExpression?, var arraySize: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$type  $name")
+sealed interface IPtVariable {
+    val name: String
+    val type: DataType
+}
+
+
+class PtVariable(name: String, override val type: DataType, val zeropage: ZeropageWish, val value: PtExpression?, val arraySize: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtVariable {
+    init {
+        value?.let {it.parent=this}
     }
 }
 
 
-class PtConstant(name: String, val type: DataType, val value: Double, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("$type $name = $value")
-    }
-}
+class PtConstant(name: String, override val type: DataType, val value: Double, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtVariable
 
 
-class PtMemMapped(name: String, val type: DataType, val address: UInt, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position) {
-    override fun printProperties() {
-        print("&$type $name = ${address.toHex()}")
-    }
-}
+class PtMemMapped(name: String, override val type: DataType, val address: UInt, val arraySize: UInt?, position: Position) : PtNamedNode(name, position), IPtVariable
 
 
 class PtWhen(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
@@ -214,8 +169,6 @@ class PtWhen(position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
         get() = children[0] as PtExpression
     val choices: PtNodeGroup
         get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
-
-    override fun printProperties() {}
 }
 
 
@@ -224,5 +177,4 @@ class PtWhenChoice(val isElse: Boolean, position: Position) : PtNode(position) {
         get() = children[0] as PtNodeGroup
     val statements: PtNodeGroup
         get() = children[1] as PtNodeGroup
-    override fun printProperties() {}
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/BuiltinFunctions.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+package prog8.code.core
+
+class ReturnConvention(val dt: DataType?, val reg: RegisterOrPair?, val floatFac1: Boolean)
+class ParamConvention(val dt: DataType, val reg: RegisterOrPair?, val variable: Boolean)
+class CallConvention(val params: List<ParamConvention>, val returns: ReturnConvention) {
+    override fun toString(): String {
+        val paramConvs =  params.mapIndexed { index, it ->
+            when {
+                it.reg!=null -> "$index:${it.reg}"
+                it.variable -> "$index:variable"
+                else -> "$index:???"
+            }
+        }
+        val returnConv =
+            when {
+                returns.reg!=null -> returns.reg.toString()
+                returns.floatFac1 -> "floatFAC1"
+                else -> "<no returnvalue>"
+            }
+        return "CallConvention[" + paramConvs.joinToString() + " ; returns: $returnConv]"
+    }
+}
+
+class FParam(val name: String, val possibleDatatypes: Array<DataType>)
+
+class FSignature(val pure: Boolean,      // does it have side effects?
+                      val parameters: List<FParam>,
+                      val returnType: DataType?) {
+
+    fun callConvention(actualParamTypes: List<DataType>): CallConvention {
+        val returns: ReturnConvention = when (returnType) {
+            DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> ReturnConvention(returnType, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
+            DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> ReturnConvention(returnType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> ReturnConvention(returnType, null, true)
+            in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> ReturnConvention(returnType!!, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+            null -> ReturnConvention(null, null, false)
+            else -> {
+                // return type depends on arg type
+                when (val paramType = actualParamTypes.first()) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
+                    DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> ReturnConvention(paramType, null, true)
+                    in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> ReturnConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    else -> ReturnConvention(paramType, null, false)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return when {
+            actualParamTypes.isEmpty() -> CallConvention(emptyList(), returns)
+            actualParamTypes.size==1 -> {
+                // one parameter goes via register/registerpair
+                val paramConv = when(val paramType = actualParamTypes[0]) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.A, false)
+                    DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> ParamConvention(paramType, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    else -> ParamConvention(paramType, null, false)
+                }
+                CallConvention(listOf(paramConv), returns)
+            }
+            else -> {
+                // multiple parameters go via variables
+                val paramConvs = actualParamTypes.map { ParamConvention(it, null, true) }
+                CallConvention(paramConvs, returns)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+val BuiltinFunctions: Map<String, FSignature> = mapOf(
+    // this set of function have no return value and operate in-place:
+    "rol"       to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "ror"       to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "rol2"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "ror2"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("item", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "sort"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("array", ArrayDatatypes)), null),
+    "reverse"   to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("array", ArrayDatatypes)), null),
+    // cmp returns a status in the carry flag, but not a proper return value
+    "cmp"       to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("value1", IntegerDatatypesNoBool), FParam("value2", NumericDatatypesNoBool)), null),
+    "abs"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", IntegerDatatypesNoBool)), DataType.UWORD),
+    "len"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("values", IterableDatatypes)), DataType.UWORD),
+    // normal functions follow:
+    "sizeof"    to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("object", DataType.values())), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "sgn"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", NumericDatatypesNoBool)), DataType.BYTE),
+    "sqrt16"    to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "any"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "all"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("values", ArrayDatatypes)), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "lsb"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "msb"       to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "mkword"    to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("msb", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("lsb", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), DataType.UWORD),
+    "peek"      to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UBYTE),
+    "peekw"     to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
+    "poke"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), null),
+    "pokemon"   to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE))), null),
+    "pokew"     to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("value", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), null),
+    "pop"       to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("target", ByteDatatypes)), null),
+    "popw"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("target", WordDatatypes)), null),
+    "push"      to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("value", ByteDatatypes)), null),
+    "pushw"     to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("value", WordDatatypes)), null),
+    "rsave"     to FSignature(false, emptyList(), null),
+    "rsavex"    to FSignature(false, emptyList(), null),
+    "rrestore"  to FSignature(false, emptyList(), null),
+    "rrestorex" to FSignature(false, emptyList(), null),
+    "memory"    to FSignature(true, listOf(FParam("name", arrayOf(DataType.STR)), FParam("size", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("alignment", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
+    "callfar"   to FSignature(false, listOf(FParam("bank", arrayOf(DataType.UBYTE)), FParam("address", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)), FParam("arg", arrayOf(DataType.UWORD))), DataType.UWORD),
+)
+
+val InplaceModifyingBuiltinFunctions = setOf("rol", "ror", "rol2", "ror2", "sort", "reverse")

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/CompilationOptions.kt

@@ -16,11 +16,15 @@ class CompilationOptions(val output: OutputType,
                          var slowCodegenWarnings: Boolean = false,
                          var optimize: Boolean = false,
                          var optimizeFloatExpressions: Boolean = false,
-                         var dontReinitGlobals: Boolean = false,
                          var asmQuiet: Boolean = false,
                          var asmListfile: Boolean = false,
                          var experimentalCodegen: Boolean = false,
+                         var varsHigh: Boolean = false,
                          var evalStackBaseAddress: UInt? = null,
                          var outputDir: Path = Path(""),
                          var symbolDefs: Map<String, String> = emptyMap()
-)
+) {
+    init {
+        compTarget.machine.initializeMemoryAreas(this)
+    }
+}

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/IAssemblyGenerator.kt

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.code.core
-
-interface IAssemblyGenerator {
-    fun compileToAssembly(): IAssemblyProgram?
-}
-
-interface IAssemblyProgram {
-    val name: String
-    fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions): Boolean
-}
-
-fun viceMonListName(baseFilename: String) = "$baseFilename.vice-mon-list"

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/ICodeGeneratorBackend.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package prog8.code.core
+
+import prog8.code.SymbolTable
+import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
+
+interface ICodeGeneratorBackend {
+    fun generate(program: PtProgram,
+                 symbolTable: SymbolTable,
+                 options: CompilationOptions,
+                 errors: IErrorReporter): IAssemblyProgram?
+}
+
+
+interface IAssemblyProgram {
+    val name: String
+    fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions): Boolean
+}
+
+fun viceMonListName(baseFilename: String) = "$baseFilename.vice-mon-list"

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/ICompilationTarget.kt

@@ -7,5 +7,5 @@ interface ICompilationTarget: IStringEncoding, IMemSizer {
     val defaultEncoding: Encoding
 
     override fun encodeString(str: String, encoding: Encoding): List<UByte>
-    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: Iterable<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/IMachineDefinition.kt

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ interface IMachineDefinition {
     var ESTACK_LO: UInt
     var ESTACK_HI: UInt
     val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS : UInt
+    val BSSHIGHRAM_START: UInt
+    val BSSHIGHRAM_END: UInt
 
     val cpu: CpuType
     var zeropage: Zeropage

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/IStringEncoding.kt

@@ -10,5 +10,5 @@ enum class Encoding(val prefix: String) {
 
 interface IStringEncoding {
     fun encodeString(str: String, encoding: Encoding): List<UByte>
-    fun decodeString(bytes: List<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String
+    fun decodeString(bytes: Iterable<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/MemoryRegions.kt

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class MemAllocationError(message: String) : Exception(message)
 abstract class MemoryAllocator(protected val options: CompilationOptions) {
     data class VarAllocation(val address: UInt, val dt: DataType, val size: Int)
 
-    abstract fun allocate(name: List<String>,
+    abstract fun allocate(name: String,
                           datatype: DataType,
                           numElements: Int?,
                           position: Position?,
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ abstract class Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions): MemoryAllocator(options) {
 
     // the variables allocated into Zeropage.
     // name (scoped) ==> pair of address to (Datatype + bytesize)
-    val allocatedVariables = mutableMapOf<List<String>, VarAllocation>()
+    val allocatedVariables = mutableMapOf<String, VarAllocation>()
 
     val free = mutableListOf<UInt>()     // subclasses must set this to the appropriate free locations.
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ abstract class Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions): MemoryAllocator(options) {
         return free.windowed(2).any { it[0] == it[1] - 1u }
     }
 
-    override fun allocate(name: List<String>,
+    override fun allocate(name: String,
                           datatype: DataType,
                           numElements: Int?,
                           position: Position?,
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ abstract class Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions): MemoryAllocator(options) {
 
     private fun reserve(range: UIntRange) = free.removeAll(range)
 
-    private fun makeAllocation(address: UInt, size: Int, datatype: DataType, name: List<String>): UInt {
+    private fun makeAllocation(address: UInt, size: Int, datatype: DataType, name: String): UInt {
         require(size>=0)
         free.removeAll(address until address+size.toUInt())
         if(name.isNotEmpty()) {
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class GoldenRam(options: CompilationOptions, val region: UIntRange): MemoryAlloc
     private var nextLocation: UInt = region.first
 
     override fun allocate(
-        name: List<String>,
+        name: String,
         datatype: DataType,
         numElements: Int?,
         position: Position?,

codeCore/src/prog8/code/core/Operators.kt

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ val ComparisonOperators = setOf("==", "!=", "<", ">", "<=", ">=")
 val LogicalOperators = setOf("and", "or", "xor", "not")
 val AugmentAssignmentOperators = setOf("+", "-", "/", "*", "&", "|", "^", "<<", ">>", "%", "and", "or", "xor")
 val BitwiseOperators = setOf("&", "|", "^", "~")
+val PrefixOperators = setOf("+", "-", "~", "not")
 // val InvalidOperatorsForBoolean = setOf("+", "-", "*", "/", "%", "<<", ">>") + BitwiseOperators
 
 fun invertedComparisonOperator(operator: String) =

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/Encoder.kt

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ object Encoder: IStringEncoding {
             success = { it }
         )
     }
-    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String {
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: Iterable<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String {
         val decoded = when(encoding) {
             Encoding.PETSCII -> PetsciiEncoding.decodePetscii(bytes, true)
             Encoding.SCREENCODES -> PetsciiEncoding.decodeScreencode(bytes, true)

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/atari/AtariMachineDefinition.kt

@@ -13,9 +13,12 @@ class AtariMachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
     override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = 6
     override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x2000u
 
-    // the 2*256 byte evaluation stack (on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
-    override var ESTACK_LO = 0x1a00u     //  $1a00-$1aff inclusive      // TODO
-    override var ESTACK_HI = 0x1b00u     //  $1b00-$1bff inclusive      // TODO
+    // the 2*128 byte evaluation stack (1 page, on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
+    override var ESTACK_LO = 0x1b00u     //  $1b00-$1b7f inclusive      // TODO
+    override var ESTACK_HI = 0x1b80u     //  $1b80-$1bff inclusive      // TODO
+
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0u    // TODO
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0u      // TODO
 
     override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
     override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/c128/C128MachineDefinition.kt

@@ -14,9 +14,13 @@ class C128MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
     override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
     override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x1c01u
 
-    // the 2*256 byte evaluation stack (on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
-    override var ESTACK_LO = 0x1a00u     //  $1a00-$1aff inclusive
-    override var ESTACK_HI = 0x1b00u     //  $1b00-$1bff inclusive
+    // the 2*128 byte evaluation stack (1 page, on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
+    override var ESTACK_LO = 0x1b00u     //  $1b00-$1b7f inclusive
+    override var ESTACK_HI = 0x1b80u     //  $1b80-$1bff inclusive
+
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0u    // TODO
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0u      // TODO
+
     override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
     override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam
 

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/c64/C64MachineDefinition.kt

@@ -15,9 +15,13 @@ class C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
     override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
     override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x0801u
 
-    // the 2*256 byte evaluation stack (on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
-    override var ESTACK_LO = 0xce00u     //  $ce00-$ceff inclusive
-    override var ESTACK_HI = 0xcf00u     //  $ce00-$ceff inclusive
+    // the 2*128 byte evaluation stack (1 page, on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
+    override var ESTACK_LO = 0xcf00u     //  $cf00-$cf7f inclusive
+    override var ESTACK_HI = 0xcf80u     //  $cf80-$cfff inclusive
+
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0xc000u
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = ESTACK_LO
+
     override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
     override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam
 

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/c64/C64Zeropage.kt

@@ -83,12 +83,12 @@ class C64Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
         // This is important because the compiler sometimes treats ZP variables more efficiently (for example if it's a pointer)
         // The base addres is $04.  Unfortunately it cannot be the same as on the Commander X16 ($02).
         for(reg in 0..15) {
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}")]   = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UWORD, 2)       // cx16.r0 .. cx16.r15
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}s")]  = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.WORD, 2)        // cx16.r0s .. cx16.r15s
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}L")]  = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0L .. cx16.r15L
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}H")]  = VarAllocation((5+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0H .. cx16.r15H
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}sL")] = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sL .. cx16.r15sL
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}sH")] = VarAllocation((5+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sH .. cx16.r15sH
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}"]   = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UWORD, 2)       // cx16.r0 .. cx16.r15
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}s"]  = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.WORD, 2)        // cx16.r0s .. cx16.r15s
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}L"]  = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0L .. cx16.r15L
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}H"]  = VarAllocation((5+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0H .. cx16.r15H
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sL"] = VarAllocation((4+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sL .. cx16.r15sL
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sH"] = VarAllocation((5+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sH .. cx16.r15sH
             free.remove((4+reg*2).toUInt())
             free.remove((5+reg*2).toUInt())
         }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/cbm/AtasciiEncoding.kt

@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ object AtasciiEncoding {
         return Ok(mapped)
     }
 
-    fun decode(bytes: List<UByte>): Result<String, CharConversionException> {
+    fun decode(bytes: Iterable<UByte>): Result<String, CharConversionException> {
         return Ok(bytes.map { decodeTable[it.toInt()] }.joinToString(""))
     }
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/cbm/IsoEncoding.kt

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ object IsoEncoding {
         }
     }
 
-    fun decode(bytes: List<UByte>): Result<String, CharConversionException> {
+    fun decode(bytes: Iterable<UByte>): Result<String, CharConversionException> {
         return try {
             Ok(String(bytes.map { it.toByte() }.toByteArray(), charset))
         } catch (ce: CharConversionException) {

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/cx16/CX16MachineDefinition.kt

@@ -14,9 +14,13 @@ class CX16MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
     override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = Mflpt5.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
     override val PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x0801u
 
-    // the 2*256 byte evaluation stack (on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
-    override var ESTACK_LO = 0x0400u        //  $0400-$04ff inclusive
-    override var ESTACK_HI = 0x0500u        //  $0500-$05ff inclusive
+    // the 2*128 byte evaluation stack (1 page, on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
+    override var ESTACK_LO = 0x0700u        //  $0700-$077f inclusive
+    override var ESTACK_HI = 0x0780u        //  $0780-$07ff inclusive
+
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0xa000u     // hiram bank 1, 8Kb, assumed to be active
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0xc000u       // rom starts here.
+
     override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
     override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam
 

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/cx16/CX16Zeropage.kt

@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@ class CX16Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
         // However, to be able for the compiler to "see" them as zero page variables, we have to register them here as well.
         // This is important because the compiler sometimes treats ZP variables more efficiently (for example if it's a pointer)
         for(reg in 0..15) {
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}")]   = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UWORD, 2)       // cx16.r0 .. cx16.r15
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}s")]  = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.WORD, 2)        // cx16.r0s .. cx16.r15s
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}L")]  = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0L .. cx16.r15L
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}H")]  = VarAllocation((3+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0H .. cx16.r15H
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}sL")] = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sL .. cx16.r15sL
-            allocatedVariables[listOf("cx16", "r${reg}sH")] = VarAllocation((3+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sH .. cx16.r15sH
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}"]   = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UWORD, 2)       // cx16.r0 .. cx16.r15
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}s"]  = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.WORD, 2)        // cx16.r0s .. cx16.r15s
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}L"]  = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0L .. cx16.r15L
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}H"]  = VarAllocation((3+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.UBYTE, 1)       // cx16.r0H .. cx16.r15H
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sL"] = VarAllocation((2+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sL .. cx16.r15sL
+            allocatedVariables["cx16.r${reg}sH"] = VarAllocation((3+reg*2).toUInt(), DataType.BYTE, 1)        // cx16.r0sH .. cx16.r15sH
         }
     }
 }

codeCore/src/prog8/code/target/virtual/VirtualMachineDefinition.kt

@@ -17,10 +17,18 @@ class VirtualMachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
     override var ESTACK_LO = 0u                 // not actually used
     override var ESTACK_HI = 0u                 // not actually used
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_START = 0u          // not actually used
+    override val BSSHIGHRAM_END = 0u            // not actually used
     override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage    // not actually used
     override lateinit var golden: GoldenRam     // not actually used
 
-    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number) = TODO("float asm bytes from number")
+    override fun getFloatAsmBytes(num: Number): String {
+        // little endian binary representation
+        val bits = num.toFloat().toBits().toUInt()
+        val hexStr = bits.toString(16).padStart(8, '0')
+        val parts = hexStr.chunked(2).map { "\$" + it }
+        return parts.joinToString(", ")
+    }
 
     override fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, compilationTargetName: String): List<String> {
         return listOf("syslib")
@@ -44,9 +52,24 @@ class VirtualMachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
     override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = false
 
-    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {}
+    override fun initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+        zeropage = VirtualZeropage(compilerOptions)
+    }
 }
 
 interface IVirtualMachineRunner {
     fun runProgram(irSource: String)
 }
+
+private class VirtualZeropage(options: CompilationOptions): Zeropage(options) {
+    override val SCRATCH_B1: UInt
+        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
+    override val SCRATCH_REG: UInt
+        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
+    override val SCRATCH_W1: UInt
+        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
+    override val SCRATCH_W2: UInt
+        get() = throw IllegalStateException("virtual shouldn't use this zeropage variable")
+
+    override fun allocateCx16VirtualRegisters() { /* there is no actual zero page in this target to allocate thing in */ }
+}

codeGenCpu6502/build.gradle

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ plugins {
     id 'java'
     id 'application'
     id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm"
+    id "io.kotest" version "0.3.9"
 }
 
 java {
@@ -25,11 +26,11 @@ compileTestKotlin {
 
 dependencies {
     implementation project(':codeCore')
-    implementation project(':compilerAst')
     implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8"
     // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect"
     implementation "com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:1.1.16"
 
+    testImplementation 'io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5-jvm:5.3.2'
 }
 
 sourceSets {
@@ -41,6 +42,22 @@ sourceSets {
             srcDirs = ["${project.projectDir}/res"]
         }
     }
+    test {
+        java {
+            srcDir "${project.projectDir}/test"
+        }
+    }
 }
 
-// note: there are no unit tests in this module!
+test {
+    // Enable JUnit 5 (Gradle 4.6+).
+    useJUnitPlatform()
+
+    // Always run tests, even when nothing changed.
+    dependsOn 'cleanTest'
+
+    // Show test results.
+    testLogging {
+        events "skipped", "failed"
+    }
+}

codeGenCpu6502/codeGenCpu6502.iml

@@ -4,13 +4,15 @@
     <exclude-output />
     <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
       <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src" isTestSource="false" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/test" isTestSource="true" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build" />
     </content>
     <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
     <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="KotlinJavaRuntime" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="module" module-name="codeCore" />
-    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="compilerAst" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="michael.bull.kotlin.result.jvm" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="io.kotest.assertions.core.jvm" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="io.kotest.runner.junit5.jvm" level="project" />
   </component>
 </module>

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/AsmOptimizer.kt

@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteral
-import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
-import prog8.ast.statements.VarDeclType
+import prog8.code.StConstant
+import prog8.code.StMemVar
+import prog8.code.SymbolTable
 import prog8.code.core.IMachineDefinition
 
 
 // note: see https://wiki.nesdev.org/w/index.php/6502_assembly_optimisations
 
 
-internal fun optimizeAssembly(lines: MutableList<String>, machine: IMachineDefinition, program: Program): Int {
+internal fun optimizeAssembly(lines: MutableList<String>, machine: IMachineDefinition, symbolTable: SymbolTable): Int {
 
     var numberOfOptimizations = 0
 
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ internal fun optimizeAssembly(lines: MutableList<String>, machine: IMachineDefin
         numberOfOptimizations++
     }
 
-    mods = optimizeStoreLoadSame(linesByFour, machine, program)
+    mods = optimizeStoreLoadSame(linesByFour, machine, symbolTable)
     if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
         apply(mods, lines)
         linesByFour = getLinesBy(lines, 4)
@@ -52,14 +51,14 @@ internal fun optimizeAssembly(lines: MutableList<String>, machine: IMachineDefin
     }
 
     var linesByFourteen = getLinesBy(lines, 14)
-    mods = optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen, machine, program)
+    mods = optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen, machine, symbolTable)
     if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
         apply(mods, lines)
         linesByFourteen = getLinesBy(lines, 14)
         numberOfOptimizations++
     }
 
-    mods = optimizeSamePointerIndexing(linesByFourteen, machine, program)
+    mods = optimizeSamePointerIndexing(linesByFourteen)
     if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
         apply(mods, lines)
         linesByFourteen = getLinesBy(lines, 14)
@@ -129,7 +128,11 @@ private fun optimizeUselessStackByteWrites(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<S
     return mods
 }
 
-private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>, machine: IMachineDefinition, program: Program): List<Modification> {
+private fun optimizeSameAssignments(
+    linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>,
+    machine: IMachineDefinition,
+    symbolTable: SymbolTable
+): List<Modification> {
 
     // Optimize sequential assignments of the same value to various targets (bytes, words, floats)
     // the float one is the one that requires 2*7=14 lines of code to check...
@@ -154,8 +157,8 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
             val fourthvalue = sixth.substring(4)
             if(firstvalue==thirdvalue && secondvalue==fourthvalue) {
                 // lda/ldy   sta/sty   twice the same word -->  remove second lda/ldy pair (fifth and sixth lines)
-                val address1 = getAddressArg(first, program)
-                val address2 = getAddressArg(second, program)
+                val address1 = getAddressArg(first, symbolTable)
+                val address2 = getAddressArg(second, symbolTable)
                 if(address1==null || address2==null || (!machine.isIOAddress(address1) && !machine.isIOAddress(address2))) {
                     mods.add(Modification(lines[4].index, true, null))
                     mods.add(Modification(lines[5].index, true, null))
@@ -168,7 +171,7 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
             val secondvalue = third.substring(4)
             if(firstvalue==secondvalue) {
                 // lda value / sta ? / lda same-value / sta ?  -> remove second lda (third line)
-                val address = getAddressArg(first, program)
+                val address = getAddressArg(first, symbolTable)
                 if(address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address))
                     mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, true, null))
             }
@@ -251,7 +254,7 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
                 val thirdvalue = third.substring(4)
                 val fourthvalue = fourth.substring(4)
                 if(firstvalue==thirdvalue && secondvalue == fourthvalue) {
-                    val address = getAddressArg(first, program)
+                    val address = getAddressArg(first, symbolTable)
                     if(address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address)) {
                         overlappingMods = true
                         mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, true, null))
@@ -275,7 +278,7 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
                 val firstvalue = first.substring(4)
                 val thirdvalue = third.substring(4)
                 if(firstvalue==thirdvalue) {
-                    val address = getAddressArg(first, program)
+                    val address = getAddressArg(first, symbolTable)
                     if(address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address)) {
                         overlappingMods = true
                         mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, true, null))
@@ -295,7 +298,7 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
             val secondvalue = second.substring(4)
             val thirdvalue = third.substring(4)
             if(firstvalue==secondvalue && firstvalue==thirdvalue) {
-                val address = getAddressArg(first, program)
+                val address = getAddressArg(first, symbolTable)
                 if(address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address)) {
                     overlappingMods = true
                     val reg2 = second[2]
@@ -314,7 +317,7 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
                 val firstvalue = first.substring(4)
                 val secondvalue = second.substring(4)
                 if(firstvalue==secondvalue) {
-                    val address = getAddressArg(first, program)
+                    val address = getAddressArg(first, symbolTable)
                     if(address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address)) {
                         overlappingMods = true
                         mods.add(Modification(lines[0].index, true, null))
@@ -327,7 +330,7 @@ private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<Stri
     return mods
 }
 
-private fun optimizeSamePointerIndexing(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>, machine: IMachineDefinition, program: Program): List<Modification> {
+private fun optimizeSamePointerIndexing(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<Modification> {
 
     // Optimize same pointer indexing where for instance we load and store to the same ptr index in Y
     // if Y isn't modified in between we can omit the second LDY:
@@ -369,7 +372,11 @@ private fun optimizeSamePointerIndexing(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<
     return mods
 }
 
-private fun optimizeStoreLoadSame(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>, machine: IMachineDefinition, program: Program): List<Modification> {
+private fun optimizeStoreLoadSame(
+    linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>,
+    machine: IMachineDefinition,
+    symbolTable: SymbolTable
+): List<Modification> {
     // sta X + lda X,  sty X + ldy X,   stx X + ldx X  -> the second instruction can OFTEN be eliminated
     val mods = mutableListOf<Modification>()
     for (lines in linesByFour) {
@@ -397,7 +404,7 @@ private fun optimizeStoreLoadSame(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>,
                 }
                 else {
                     // no branch instruction follows, we can remove the load instruction
-                    val address = getAddressArg(lines[2].value, program)
+                    val address = getAddressArg(lines[2].value, symbolTable)
                     address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address)
                 }
 
@@ -439,7 +446,8 @@ private fun optimizeStoreLoadSame(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>,
 
 private val identifierRegex = Regex("""^([a-zA-Z_$][a-zA-Z\d_\.$]*)""")
 
-private fun getAddressArg(line: String, program: Program): UInt? {
+private fun getAddressArg(line: String, symbolTable: SymbolTable): UInt? {
+    // try to get the constant value address, could return null if it's a symbol instead
     val loadArg = line.trimStart().substring(3).trim()
     return when {
         loadArg.startsWith('$') -> loadArg.substring(1).toUIntOrNull(16)
@@ -450,15 +458,11 @@ private fun getAddressArg(line: String, program: Program): UInt? {
             val identMatch = identifierRegex.find(loadArg)
             if(identMatch!=null) {
                 val identifier = identMatch.value
-                val decl = program.toplevelModule.lookup(identifier.split(".")) as? VarDecl
-                if(decl!=null) {
-                    when(decl.type){
-                        VarDeclType.VAR -> null
-                        VarDeclType.CONST,
-                        VarDeclType.MEMORY -> (decl.value as NumericLiteral).number.toUInt()
-                    }
+                when (val symbol = symbolTable.flat[identifier]) {
+                    is StConstant -> symbol.value.toUInt()
+                    is StMemVar -> symbol.address
+                    else -> null
                 }
-                else null
             } else null
         }
         else -> loadArg.substring(1).toUIntOrNull()

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/AsmsubHelpers.kt

@@ -1,15 +1,12 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
-import prog8.ast.expressions.ArrayIndexedExpression
-import prog8.ast.expressions.BuiltinFunctionCall
-import prog8.ast.expressions.Expression
-import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
+import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.Cx16VirtualRegisters
 import prog8.code.core.RegisterOrPair
 import prog8.code.core.RegisterOrStatusflag
 
 
-fun asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder(sub: Subroutine): List<Int> {
+fun asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder(sub: PtAsmSub): List<Int> {
     val order = mutableListOf<Int>()
     // order is:
     //  1) cx16 virtual word registers,
@@ -17,43 +14,45 @@ fun asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder(sub: Subroutine): List<Int> {
     //  3) single CPU registers (X last), except A,
     //  4) CPU Carry status flag
     //  5) the A register itself last   (so everything before it can use the accumulator without having to save its value)
-    val args = sub.parameters.zip(sub.asmParameterRegisters).withIndex()
-    val (cx16regs, args2) = args.partition { it.value.second.registerOrPair in Cx16VirtualRegisters }
+    val args = sub.parameters.withIndex()
+    val (cx16regs, args2) = args.partition { it.value.first.registerOrPair in Cx16VirtualRegisters }
     val pairedRegisters = arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY, RegisterOrPair.XY)
-    val (pairedRegs , args3) = args2.partition { it.value.second.registerOrPair in pairedRegisters }
-    val (regsWithoutA, args4) = args3.partition { it.value.second.registerOrPair != RegisterOrPair.A }
-    val (regA, rest) = args4.partition { it.value.second.registerOrPair != null }
+    val (pairedRegs , args3) = args2.partition { it.value.first.registerOrPair in pairedRegisters }
+    val (regsWithoutA, args4) = args3.partition { it.value.first.registerOrPair != RegisterOrPair.A }
+    val (regA, rest) = args4.partition { it.value.first.registerOrPair != null }
 
     cx16regs.forEach { order += it.index }
     pairedRegs.forEach { order += it.index }
     regsWithoutA.forEach {
-        if(it.value.second.registerOrPair != RegisterOrPair.X)
+        if(it.value.first.registerOrPair != RegisterOrPair.X)
             order += it.index
     }
-    regsWithoutA.firstOrNull { it.value.second.registerOrPair==RegisterOrPair.X } ?.let { order += it.index}
+    regsWithoutA.firstOrNull { it.value.first.registerOrPair==RegisterOrPair.X } ?.let { order += it.index}
     rest.forEach { order += it.index }
     regA.forEach { order += it.index }
     require(order.size==sub.parameters.size)
     return order
 }
 
-fun asmsub6502ArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk(args: List<Expression>,
-                                                   paramRegisters: List<RegisterOrStatusflag>): Boolean {
-    fun isClobberRisk(expr: Expression): Boolean {
+fun asmsub6502ArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk(
+    args: List<PtExpression>,
+    params: List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, PtSubroutineParameter>>
+): Boolean {
+    fun isClobberRisk(expr: PtExpression): Boolean {
         when (expr) {
-            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
-                return paramRegisters.any {
-                    it.registerOrPair in listOf(RegisterOrPair.Y, RegisterOrPair.AY, RegisterOrPair.XY)
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> {
+                return params.any {
+                    it.first.registerOrPair in listOf(RegisterOrPair.Y, RegisterOrPair.AY, RegisterOrPair.XY)
                 }
             }
-            is BuiltinFunctionCall -> {
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> {
                 if (expr.name == "lsb" || expr.name == "msb")
                     return isClobberRisk(expr.args[0])
                 if (expr.name == "mkword")
                     return isClobberRisk(expr.args[0]) && isClobberRisk(expr.args[1])
-                return !expr.isSimple
+                return !expr.isSimple()
             }
-            else -> return !expr.isSimple
+            else -> return !expr.isSimple()
         }
     }
 

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/AssemblyProgram.kt

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 import com.github.michaelbull.result.Ok
 import com.github.michaelbull.result.Result
 import com.github.michaelbull.result.mapError
-import prog8.ast.generatedLabelPrefix
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import java.io.File
 import java.nio.file.Path
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ internal class AssemblyProgram(
             "atari" -> {
                 // Atari800XL .xex generation.
 
-                // TODO are these options okay?
+                // TODO are these options okay for atari?
                 val command = mutableListOf("64tass", "--ascii", "--case-sensitive", "--long-branch",
                     "-Wall", "-Wno-strict-bool", "-Wno-shadow", // "-Werror",
                     "--no-monitor"
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ internal class AssemblyProgram(
     }
 
     private fun removeGeneratedLabelsFromMonlist() {
-        val pattern = Regex("""al (\w+) \S+${generatedLabelPrefix}.+?""")
+        val pattern = Regex("""al (\w+) \S+prog8_label_.+?""")
         val lines = viceMonListFile.toFile().readLines()
         viceMonListFile.toFile().outputStream().bufferedWriter().use {
             for (line in lines) {
@@ -124,7 +123,7 @@ internal class AssemblyProgram(
                 breakpoints.add("break \$" + match.groupValues[1])
         }
         val num = breakpoints.size
-        breakpoints.add(0, "; vice monitor breakpoint list now follows")
+        breakpoints.add(0, "; breakpoint list now follows")
         breakpoints.add(1, "; $num breakpoints have been defined")
         breakpoints.add(2, "del")
         viceMonListFile.toFile().appendText(breakpoints.joinToString("\n") + "\n")

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,49 +1,39 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
-import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
-import prog8.ast.Node
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.ArrayIndex
-import prog8.ast.statements.BuiltinFunctionCallStatement
-import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
+import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.*
-import prog8.compiler.BuiltinFunctions
-import prog8.compiler.FSignature
 
 
-internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
-                                      private val asmgen: AsmGen,
+internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
+                                      private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal,
                                       private val assignAsmGen: AssignmentAsmGen) {
 
-    internal fun translateFunctioncallExpression(fcall: BuiltinFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
-        val func = BuiltinFunctions.getValue(fcall.target.nameInSource.single())
-        translateFunctioncall(fcall, func, discardResult = false, resultToStack = resultToStack, resultRegister = resultRegister)
+    internal fun translateFunctioncallExpression(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?): DataType? {
+        return translateFunctioncall(fcall, discardResult = false, resultToStack = resultToStack, resultRegister = resultRegister)
     }
 
-    internal fun translateFunctioncallStatement(fcall: BuiltinFunctionCallStatement) {
-        val func = BuiltinFunctions.getValue(fcall.name)
-        translateFunctioncall(fcall, func, discardResult = true, resultToStack = false, resultRegister = null)
+    internal fun translateFunctioncallStatement(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall) {
+        translateFunctioncall(fcall, discardResult = true, resultToStack = false, resultRegister = null)
     }
 
-    private fun translateFunctioncall(fcall: IFunctionCall, func: FSignature, discardResult: Boolean, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
-        if (discardResult && func.pure)
-            return  // can just ignore the whole function call altogether
+    private fun translateFunctioncall(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, discardResult: Boolean, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?): DataType? {
+        if (discardResult && fcall.hasNoSideEffects)
+            return null  // can just ignore the whole function call altogether
 
         if(discardResult && resultToStack)
             throw AssemblyError("cannot both discard the result AND put it onto stack")
 
-        val sscope = (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine
+        val sscope = fcall.definingISub()
 
-        when (func.name) {
+        when (fcall.name) {
             "msb" -> funcMsb(fcall, resultToStack, resultRegister)
             "lsb" -> funcLsb(fcall, resultToStack, resultRegister)
             "mkword" -> funcMkword(fcall, resultToStack, resultRegister)
-            "abs" -> funcAbs(fcall, func, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
-            "any", "all" -> funcAnyAll(fcall, func, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
-            "sgn" -> funcSgn(fcall, func, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
-            "sqrt16" -> funcSqrt16(fcall, func, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
+            "abs" -> funcAbs(fcall, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
+            "any", "all" -> funcAnyAll(fcall, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
+            "sgn" -> funcSgn(fcall, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
+            "sqrt16" -> funcSqrt16(fcall, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
             "rol" -> funcRol(fcall)
             "rol2" -> funcRol2(fcall)
             "ror" -> funcRor(fcall)
@@ -59,16 +49,20 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             "push" -> asmgen.pushCpuStack(DataType.UBYTE, fcall.args[0])
             "pushw" -> asmgen.pushCpuStack(DataType.UWORD, fcall.args[0])
             "pop" -> {
-                require(fcall.args[0] is IdentifierReference) {
-                    "attempt to pop a value into a differently typed variable, or in something else that isn't supported ${(fcall as Node).position}"
+                require(fcall.args[0] is PtIdentifier) {
+                    "attempt to pop a value into a differently typed variable, or in something else that isn't supported ${fcall.position}"
                 }
-                asmgen.popCpuStack(DataType.UBYTE, (fcall.args[0] as IdentifierReference).targetVarDecl(program)!!, (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine)
+                val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup((fcall.args[0] as PtIdentifier).name)
+                val target = symbol!!.astNode as IPtVariable
+                asmgen.popCpuStack(DataType.UBYTE, target, fcall.definingISub())
             }
             "popw" -> {
-                require(fcall.args[0] is IdentifierReference) {
-                    "attempt to pop a value into a differently typed variable, or in something else that isn't supported ${(fcall as Node).position}"
+                require(fcall.args[0] is PtIdentifier) {
+                    "attempt to pop a value into a differently typed variable, or in something else that isn't supported ${fcall.position}"
                 }
-                asmgen.popCpuStack(DataType.UWORD, (fcall.args[0] as IdentifierReference).targetVarDecl(program)!!, (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine)
+                val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup((fcall.args[0] as PtIdentifier).name)
+                val target = symbol!!.astNode as IPtVariable
+                asmgen.popCpuStack(DataType.UWORD, target, fcall.definingISub())
             }
             "rsave" -> funcRsave()
             "rsavex" -> funcRsaveX()
@@ -76,9 +70,10 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             "rrestorex" -> funcRrestoreX()
             "cmp" -> funcCmp(fcall)
             "callfar" -> funcCallFar(fcall)
-            "callrom" -> funcCallRom(fcall)
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("missing asmgen for builtin func ${func.name}")
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("missing asmgen for builtin func ${fcall.name}")
         }
+
+        return BuiltinFunctions.getValue(fcall.name).returnType
     }
 
     private fun funcRsave() {
@@ -132,147 +127,60 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             asmgen.out("  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1 |  pla |  tax |  lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
     }
 
-    private fun funcCallFar(fcall: IFunctionCall) {
+    private fun funcCallFar(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall) {
         if(asmgen.options.compTarget.name != "cx16")
             throw AssemblyError("callfar only works on cx16 target at this time")
 
-        val bank = fcall.args[0].constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
-        val address = fcall.args[1].constValue(program)?.number?.toInt() ?: 0
-        val argAddrArg = fcall.args[2]
-        if(bank==null)
-            throw AssemblyError("callfar (jsrfar) bank has to be a constant")
-        if(fcall.args[1].constValue(program) == null) {
-            assignAsmGen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
-            asmgen.out("  sta  (+)+0 |  sty  (+)+1  ; store jsrfar address word")
-        }
-
-        if(argAddrArg.constValue(program)?.number == 0.0) {
-            asmgen.out("""
-                jsr  cx16.jsrfar
-+               .word  ${address.toHex()}
-                .byte  ${bank.toHex()}""")
-        } else {
-            when(argAddrArg) {
-                is AddressOf -> {
-                    if(argAddrArg.identifier.targetVarDecl(program)?.datatype != DataType.UBYTE)
-                        throw AssemblyError("callfar done with 'arg' pointer to variable that's not UBYTE")
-                    asmgen.out("""
-                        lda  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(argAddrArg.identifier)}
-                        jsr  cx16.jsrfar
-+                       .word  ${address.toHex()}
-                        .byte  ${bank.toHex()}
-                        sta  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(argAddrArg.identifier)}""")
-                }
-                is NumericLiteral -> {
-                    asmgen.out("""
-                        lda  ${argAddrArg.number.toHex()}
-                        jsr  cx16.jsrfar
-+                       .word  ${address.toHex()}
-                        .byte  ${bank.toHex()}
-                        sta  ${argAddrArg.number.toHex()}""")
-                }
-                else -> throw AssemblyError("callfar only accepts pointer-of a (ubyte) variable or constant memory address for the 'arg' parameter")
-            }
-        }
+        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.A)      // bank
+        asmgen.out("  sta  (++)+0")
+        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.AY)     // jump address
+        asmgen.out("  sta  (+)+0 |  sty  (+)+1")
+        asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[2], RegisterOrPair.AY)     // uword argument
+        asmgen.out("""
+            jsr  cx16.jsrfar
++           .word  0
++           .byte  0""")
+        // note that by convention the values in A+Y registers are now the return value of the call.
     }
 
-    private fun funcCallRom(fcall: IFunctionCall) {
-        if(asmgen.options.compTarget.name != "cx16")
-            throw AssemblyError("callrom only works on cx16 target at this time")
-
-        val bank = fcall.args[0].constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
-        val address = fcall.args[1].constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
-        if(bank==null || address==null)
-            throw AssemblyError("callrom requires constant arguments")
-
-        if(address !in 0xc000..0xffff)
-            throw AssemblyError("callrom done on address outside of cx16 banked rom")
-        if(bank>=32)
-            throw AssemblyError("callrom bank must be <32")
-
-        val argAddrArg = fcall.args[2]
-        if(argAddrArg.constValue(program)?.number == 0.0) {
-            asmgen.out("""
-                lda  $01
-                pha
-                lda  #${bank}
-                sta  $01
-                jsr  ${address.toHex()}
-                pla
-                sta  $01""")
-        } else {
-            when(argAddrArg) {
-                is AddressOf -> {
-                    if(argAddrArg.identifier.targetVarDecl(program)?.datatype != DataType.UBYTE)
-                        throw AssemblyError("callrom done with 'arg' pointer to variable that's not UBYTE")
-                    asmgen.out("""
-                        lda  $01
-                        pha
-                        lda  #${bank}
-                        sta  $01
-                        lda  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(argAddrArg.identifier)}                
-                        jsr  ${address.toHex()}
-                        sta  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(argAddrArg.identifier)}
-                        pla
-                        sta  $01""")
-                }
-                is NumericLiteral -> {
-                    asmgen.out("""
-                        lda  $01
-                        pha
-                        lda  #${bank}
-                        sta  $01
-                        lda  ${argAddrArg.number.toHex()}
-                        jsr  ${address.toHex()}
-                        sta  ${argAddrArg.number.toHex()}
-                        pla
-                        sta  $01""")
-                }
-                else -> throw AssemblyError("callrom only accepts pointer-of a (ubyte) variable or constant memory address for the 'arg' parameter")
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun funcCmp(fcall: IFunctionCall) {
+    private fun funcCmp(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall) {
         val arg1 = fcall.args[0]
         val arg2 = fcall.args[1]
-        val dt1 = arg1.inferType(program).getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
-        val dt2 = arg2.inferType(program).getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
-        if(dt1 in ByteDatatypes) {
-            if(dt2 in ByteDatatypes) {
+        if(arg1.type in ByteDatatypes) {
+            if(arg2.type in ByteDatatypes) {
                 when (arg2) {
-                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                    is PtIdentifier -> {
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.A)
                         asmgen.out("  cmp  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(arg2)}")
                     }
-                    is NumericLiteral -> {
+                    is PtNumber -> {
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.A)
                         asmgen.out("  cmp  #${arg2.number.toInt()}")
                     }
-                    is DirectMemoryRead -> {
-                        if(arg2.addressExpression is NumericLiteral) {
+                    is PtMemoryByte -> {
+                        if(arg2.address is PtNumber) {
                             asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.A)
-                            asmgen.out("  cmp  ${arg2.addressExpression.constValue(program)!!.number.toHex()}")
+                            asmgen.out("  cmp  ${arg2.address.asConstInteger()!!.toHex()}")
                         } else {
-                            if(arg1.isSimple) {
-                                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine)
+                            if(arg1.isSimple()) {
+                                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, fcall.definingISub())
                                 asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.A)
                                 asmgen.out("  cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
                             } else {
                                 asmgen.pushCpuStack(DataType.UBYTE, arg1)
-                                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine)
+                                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, fcall.definingISub())
                                 asmgen.out("  pla |  cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
                             }
                         }
                     }
                     else -> {
-                        if(arg1.isSimple) {
-                            asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine)
+                        if(arg1.isSimple()) {
+                            asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, fcall.definingISub())
                             asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.A)
                             asmgen.out("  cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
                         } else {
                             asmgen.pushCpuStack(DataType.UBYTE, arg1)
-                            asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine)
+                            asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, fcall.definingISub())
                             asmgen.out("  pla |  cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
                         }
                     }
@@ -280,10 +188,10 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             } else
                 throw AssemblyError("args for cmp() should have same dt")
         } else {
-            // dt1 is a word
-            if(dt2 in WordDatatypes) {
+            // arg1 is a word
+            if(arg2.type in WordDatatypes) {
                 when (arg2) {
-                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                    is PtIdentifier -> {
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             cpy  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(arg2)}+1
@@ -291,7 +199,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             cmp  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(arg2)}
 +""")
                     }
-                    is NumericLiteral -> {
+                    is PtNumber -> {
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             cpy  #>${arg2.number.toInt()}
@@ -300,8 +208,8 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
 +""")
                     }
                     else -> {
-                        if(arg1.isSimple) {
-                            asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UWORD, (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine)
+                        if(arg1.isSimple()) {
+                            asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UWORD, fcall.definingISub())
                             asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(arg1, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                             asmgen.out("""
                                 cpy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
@@ -310,7 +218,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
     +""")
                         } else {
                             asmgen.pushCpuStack(DataType.UWORD, arg1)
-                            asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UWORD, (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine)
+                            asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arg2, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UWORD, fcall.definingISub())
                             asmgen.restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.Y, false)
                             asmgen.restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.A, false)
                             asmgen.out("""
@@ -326,25 +234,27 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcMemory(fcall: IFunctionCall, discardResult: Boolean, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
-        if(discardResult || fcall !is BuiltinFunctionCall)
+    private fun funcMemory(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, discardResult: Boolean, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
+        if(discardResult)
             throw AssemblyError("should not discard result of memory allocation at $fcall")
-        val name = (fcall.args[0] as StringLiteral).value
+        val name = (fcall.args[0] as PtString).value
         require(name.all { it.isLetterOrDigit() || it=='_' }) {"memory name should be a valid symbol name ${fcall.position}"}
-        val slabname = IdentifierReference(listOf("prog8_slabs", "prog8_memoryslab_$name"), fcall.position)
-        slabname.linkParents(fcall)
-        val src = AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, DataType.UWORD, expression = AddressOf(slabname, fcall.position))
+        val slabname = PtIdentifier("prog8_slabs.prog8_memoryslab_$name", DataType.UWORD, fcall.position)
+        val addressOf = PtAddressOf(fcall.position)
+        addressOf.add(slabname)
+        addressOf.parent = fcall
+        val src = AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, DataType.UWORD, expression = addressOf)
         val target =
             if(resultToStack)
                 AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.STACK,  asmgen, DataType.UWORD, null)
             else
                 AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, false, null, asmgen)
-        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, target, false, program.memsizer, fcall.position)
+        val assign = AsmAssignment(src, target, program.memsizer, fcall.position)
         asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
     }
 
-    private fun funcSqrt16(fcall: IFunctionCall, func: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?, scope: Subroutine?) {
-        translateArguments(fcall.args, func, scope)
+    private fun funcSqrt16(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?, scope: IPtSubroutine?) {
+        translateArguments(fcall, scope)
         if(resultToStack)
             asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sqrt16_stack")
         else {
@@ -353,13 +263,18 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcReverse(fcall: IFunctionCall) {
+    private fun funcReverse(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall) {
         val variable = fcall.args.single()
-        if (variable is IdentifierReference) {
-            val decl = variable.targetVarDecl(program)!!
+        if (variable is PtIdentifier) {
+            val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(variable.name)
+            val decl = symbol!!.astNode as IPtVariable
+            val numElements = when(decl) {
+                is PtConstant -> throw AssemblyError("cannot reverse a constant")
+                is PtMemMapped -> decl.arraySize
+                is PtVariable -> decl.arraySize
+            }
             val varName = asmgen.asmVariableName(variable)
-            val numElements = decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()
-            when (decl.datatype) {
+            when (decl.type) {
                 DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
                     asmgen.out("""
                         lda  #<$varName
@@ -392,13 +307,18 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcSort(fcall: IFunctionCall) {
+    private fun funcSort(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall) {
         val variable = fcall.args.single()
-        if (variable is IdentifierReference) {
-            val decl = variable.targetVarDecl(program)!!
+        if (variable is PtIdentifier) {
+            val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(variable.name)
+            val decl = symbol!!.astNode as IPtVariable
             val varName = asmgen.asmVariableName(variable)
-            val numElements = decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()
-            when (decl.datatype) {
+            val numElements = when(decl) {
+                is PtConstant -> throw AssemblyError("cannot sort a constant")
+                is PtMemMapped -> decl.arraySize
+                is PtVariable -> decl.arraySize
+            }
+            when (decl.type) {
                 DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
                     asmgen.out("""
                         lda  #<$varName
@@ -406,7 +326,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
                         sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
                         lda  #$numElements""")
-                    asmgen.out(if (decl.datatype == DataType.ARRAY_UB) "  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sort_ub" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sort_b")
+                    asmgen.out(if (decl.type == DataType.ARRAY_UB) "  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sort_ub" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sort_b")
                 }
                 DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W -> {
                     asmgen.out("""
@@ -415,7 +335,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
                         sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
                         lda  #$numElements""")
-                    asmgen.out(if (decl.datatype == DataType.ARRAY_UW) "  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sort_uw" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sort_w")
+                    asmgen.out(if (decl.type == DataType.ARRAY_UW) "  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sort_uw" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sort_w")
                 }
                 DataType.ARRAY_F -> throw AssemblyError("sorting of floating point array is not supported")
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
@@ -424,26 +344,25 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             throw AssemblyError("weird type")
     }
 
-    private fun funcRor2(fcall: IFunctionCall) {
+    private fun funcRor2(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall) {
         val what = fcall.args.single()
-        val dt = what.inferType(program)
-        when (dt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
+        when (what.type) {
             DataType.UBYTE -> {
                 when (what) {
-                    is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
-                        translateRolRorArrayArgs(what.arrayvar, what.indexer, "ror2", 'b')
+                    is PtArrayIndexer -> {
+                        translateRolRorArrayArgs(what.variable, what, "ror2", 'b')
                         asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.ror2_array_ub")
                     }
-                    is DirectMemoryRead -> {
-                        if (what.addressExpression is NumericLiteral) {
-                            val number = (what.addressExpression as NumericLiteral).number
+                    is PtMemoryByte -> {
+                        if (what.address is PtNumber) {
+                            val number = (what.address as PtNumber).number
                             asmgen.out("  lda  ${number.toHex()} |  lsr  a |  bcc  + |  ora  #\$80 |+  |  sta  ${number.toHex()}")
                         } else {
-                            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(what.addressExpression, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(what.address, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                             asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.ror2_mem_ub")
                         }
                     }
-                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                    is PtIdentifier -> {
                         val variable = asmgen.asmVariableName(what)
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $variable |  lsr  a |  bcc  + |  ora  #\$80 |+  |  sta  $variable")
                     }
@@ -452,11 +371,11 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             DataType.UWORD -> {
                 when (what) {
-                    is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
-                        translateRolRorArrayArgs(what.arrayvar, what.indexer, "ror2", 'w')
+                    is PtArrayIndexer -> {
+                        translateRolRorArrayArgs(what.variable, what, "ror2", 'w')
                         asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.ror2_array_uw")
                     }
-                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                    is PtIdentifier -> {
                         val variable = asmgen.asmVariableName(what)
                         asmgen.out("  lsr  $variable+1 |  ror  $variable |  bcc  + |  lda  $variable+1 |  ora  #\$80 |  sta  $variable+1 |+  ")
                     }
@@ -467,26 +386,25 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcRor(fcall: IFunctionCall) {
+    private fun funcRor(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall) {
         val what = fcall.args.single()
-        val dt = what.inferType(program)
-        when (dt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
+        when (what.type) {
             DataType.UBYTE -> {
                 when (what) {
-                    is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
-                        translateRolRorArrayArgs(what.arrayvar, what.indexer, "ror", 'b')
+                    is PtArrayIndexer -> {
+                        translateRolRorArrayArgs(what.variable, what, "ror", 'b')
                         asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.ror_array_ub")
                     }
-                    is DirectMemoryRead -> {
-                        if (what.addressExpression is NumericLiteral) {
-                            val number = (what.addressExpression as NumericLiteral).number
+                    is PtMemoryByte -> {
+                        if (what.address is PtNumber) {
+                            val number = (what.address as PtNumber).number
                             asmgen.out("  ror  ${number.toHex()}")
                         } else {
-                            val ptrAndIndex = asmgen.pointerViaIndexRegisterPossible(what.addressExpression)
+                            val ptrAndIndex = asmgen.pointerViaIndexRegisterPossible(what.address)
                             if(ptrAndIndex!=null) {
-                                asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine!!)
+                                asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, fcall.definingISub()!!)
                                 asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(ptrAndIndex.second, RegisterOrPair.X)
-                                asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine!!)
+                                asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, fcall.definingISub()!!)
                                 asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(ptrAndIndex.first, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                                 asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
                                 asmgen.out("""
@@ -495,7 +413,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
 +                                   ror  ${'$'}ffff,x           ; modified""")
                                 asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
                             } else {
-                                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(what.addressExpression, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(what.address, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                                 asmgen.out("""
                                     sta  (+) + 1
                                     sty  (+) + 2
@@ -503,7 +421,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                    is PtIdentifier -> {
                         val variable = asmgen.asmVariableName(what)
                         asmgen.out("  ror  $variable")
                     }
@@ -512,11 +430,11 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             DataType.UWORD -> {
                 when (what) {
-                    is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
-                        translateRolRorArrayArgs(what.arrayvar, what.indexer, "ror", 'w')
+                    is PtArrayIndexer -> {
+                        translateRolRorArrayArgs(what.variable, what, "ror", 'w')
                         asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.ror_array_uw")
                     }
-                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                    is PtIdentifier -> {
                         val variable = asmgen.asmVariableName(what)
                         asmgen.out("  ror  $variable+1 |  ror  $variable")
                     }
@@ -527,26 +445,25 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcRol2(fcall: IFunctionCall) {
+    private fun funcRol2(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall) {
         val what = fcall.args.single()
-        val dt = what.inferType(program)
-        when (dt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
+        when (what.type) {
             DataType.UBYTE -> {
                 when (what) {
-                    is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
-                        translateRolRorArrayArgs(what.arrayvar, what.indexer, "rol2", 'b')
+                    is PtArrayIndexer -> {
+                        translateRolRorArrayArgs(what.variable, what, "rol2", 'b')
                         asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.rol2_array_ub")
                     }
-                    is DirectMemoryRead -> {
-                        if (what.addressExpression is NumericLiteral) {
-                            val number = (what.addressExpression as NumericLiteral).number
+                    is PtMemoryByte -> {
+                        if (what.address is PtNumber) {
+                            val number = (what.address as PtNumber).number
                             asmgen.out("  lda  ${number.toHex()} |  cmp  #\$80 |  rol  a |  sta  ${number.toHex()}")
                         } else {
-                            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(what.addressExpression, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(what.address, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                             asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.rol2_mem_ub")
                         }
                     }
-                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                    is PtIdentifier -> {
                         val variable = asmgen.asmVariableName(what)
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $variable |  cmp  #\$80 |  rol  a |  sta  $variable")
                     }
@@ -555,11 +472,11 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             DataType.UWORD -> {
                 when (what) {
-                    is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
-                        translateRolRorArrayArgs(what.arrayvar, what.indexer, "rol2", 'w')
+                    is PtArrayIndexer -> {
+                        translateRolRorArrayArgs(what.variable, what, "rol2", 'w')
                         asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.rol2_array_uw")
                     }
-                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                    is PtIdentifier -> {
                         val variable = asmgen.asmVariableName(what)
                         asmgen.out("  asl  $variable |  rol  $variable+1 |  bcc  + |  inc  $variable |+  ")
                     }
@@ -570,26 +487,25 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcRol(fcall: IFunctionCall) {
+    private fun funcRol(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall) {
         val what = fcall.args.single()
-        val dt = what.inferType(program)
-        when (dt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
+        when (what.type) {
             DataType.UBYTE -> {
                 when (what) {
-                    is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
-                        translateRolRorArrayArgs(what.arrayvar, what.indexer, "rol", 'b')
+                    is PtArrayIndexer -> {
+                        translateRolRorArrayArgs(what.variable, what, "rol", 'b')
                         asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.rol_array_ub")
                     }
-                    is DirectMemoryRead -> {
-                        if (what.addressExpression is NumericLiteral) {
-                            val number = (what.addressExpression as NumericLiteral).number
+                    is PtMemoryByte -> {
+                        if (what.address is PtNumber) {
+                            val number = (what.address as PtNumber).number
                             asmgen.out("  rol  ${number.toHex()}")
                         } else {
-                            val ptrAndIndex = asmgen.pointerViaIndexRegisterPossible(what.addressExpression)
+                            val ptrAndIndex = asmgen.pointerViaIndexRegisterPossible(what.address)
                             if(ptrAndIndex!=null) {
-                                asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine!!)
+                                asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, fcall.definingISub()!!)
                                 asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(ptrAndIndex.second, RegisterOrPair.X)
-                                asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine!!)
+                                asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, fcall.definingISub()!!)
                                 asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(ptrAndIndex.first, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                                 asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
                                 asmgen.out("""
@@ -598,7 +514,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
 +                                   rol  ${'$'}ffff,x           ; modified""")
                                 asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
                             } else {
-                                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(what.addressExpression, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                                asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(what.address, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                                 asmgen.out("""
                                     sta  (+) + 1
                                     sty  (+) + 2
@@ -606,7 +522,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                    is PtIdentifier -> {
                         val variable = asmgen.asmVariableName(what)
                         asmgen.out("  rol  $variable")
                     }
@@ -615,11 +531,11 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             DataType.UWORD -> {
                 when (what) {
-                    is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
-                        translateRolRorArrayArgs(what.arrayvar, what.indexer, "rol", 'w')
+                    is PtArrayIndexer -> {
+                        translateRolRorArrayArgs(what.variable, what, "rol", 'w')
                         asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.rol_array_uw")
                     }
-                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                    is PtIdentifier -> {
                         val variable = asmgen.asmVariableName(what)
                         asmgen.out("  rol  $variable |  rol  $variable+1")
                     }
@@ -630,22 +546,25 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateRolRorArrayArgs(arrayvar: IdentifierReference, indexer: ArrayIndex, operation: String, dt: Char) {
-        if(arrayvar.targetVarDecl(program)!!.datatype==DataType.UWORD) {
+    private fun translateRolRorArrayArgs(arrayvar: PtIdentifier, indexer: PtArrayIndexer, operation: String, dt: Char) {
+        if(arrayvar.type==DataType.UWORD) {
             if(dt!='b')
                 throw AssemblyError("non-array var indexing requires bytes dt")
             asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(arrayvar, "prog8_lib.${operation}_array_u${dt}._arg_target", DataType.UWORD, null)
         } else {
-            asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(AddressOf(arrayvar, arrayvar.position), "prog8_lib.${operation}_array_u${dt}._arg_target", DataType.UWORD, null)
+            val addressOf = PtAddressOf(arrayvar.position)
+            addressOf.add(arrayvar)
+            addressOf.parent = arrayvar.parent.parent
+            asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(addressOf, "prog8_lib.${operation}_array_u${dt}._arg_target", DataType.UWORD, null)
         }
-        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(indexer.indexExpr, "prog8_lib.${operation}_array_u${dt}._arg_index", DataType.UBYTE, null)
+        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(indexer.index, "prog8_lib.${operation}_array_u${dt}._arg_index", DataType.UBYTE, null)
     }
 
-    private fun funcSgn(fcall: IFunctionCall, func: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?, scope: Subroutine?) {
-        translateArguments(fcall.args, func, scope)
-        val dt = fcall.args.single().inferType(program)
+    private fun funcSgn(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?, scope: IPtSubroutine?) {
+        translateArguments(fcall, scope)
+        val dt = fcall.args.single().type
         if(resultToStack) {
-            when (dt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
+            when (dt) {
                 DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sign_ub_stack")
                 DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sign_b_stack")
                 DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sign_uw_stack")
@@ -654,7 +573,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type $dt")
             }
         } else {
-            when (dt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
+            when (dt) {
                 DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sign_ub_into_A")
                 DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sign_b_into_A")
                 DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sign_uw_into_A")
@@ -666,30 +585,30 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcAnyAll(fcall: IFunctionCall, function: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?, scope: Subroutine?) {
+    private fun funcAnyAll(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?, scope: IPtSubroutine?) {
         outputAddressAndLenghtOfArray(fcall.args[0])
-        val dt = fcall.args.single().inferType(program)
+        val dt = fcall.args.single().type
         if(resultToStack) {
-            when (dt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
-                DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.STR -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${function.name}_b_stack")
-                DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${function.name}_w_stack")
-                DataType.ARRAY_F -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_${function.name}_f_stack")
+            when (dt) {
+                DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.STR -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${fcall.name}_b_stack")
+                DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${fcall.name}_w_stack")
+                DataType.ARRAY_F -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_${fcall.name}_f_stack")
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type $dt")
             }
         } else {
-            when (dt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
-                DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.STR -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${function.name}_b_into_A |  ldy  #0")
-                DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${function.name}_w_into_A |  ldy  #0")
-                DataType.ARRAY_F -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_${function.name}_f_into_A |  ldy  #0")
+            when (dt) {
+                DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.STR -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${fcall.name}_b_into_A |  ldy  #0")
+                DataType.ARRAY_UW, DataType.ARRAY_W -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${fcall.name}_w_into_A |  ldy  #0")
+                DataType.ARRAY_F -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_${fcall.name}_f_into_A |  ldy  #0")
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type $dt")
             }
             assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, false, scope, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcAbs(fcall: IFunctionCall, func: FSignature, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?, scope: Subroutine?) {
-        translateArguments(fcall.args, func, scope)
-        val dt = fcall.args.single().inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
+    private fun funcAbs(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?, scope: IPtSubroutine?) {
+        translateArguments(fcall, scope)
+        val dt = fcall.args.single().type
         if(resultToStack) {
             when (dt) {
                 DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("  ldy  #0")
@@ -710,19 +629,19 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcPokeW(fcall: IFunctionCall) {
+    private fun funcPokeW(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall) {
         when(val addrExpr = fcall.args[0]) {
-            is NumericLiteral -> {
+            is PtNumber -> {
                 asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.AY)
                 val addr = addrExpr.number.toHex()
                 asmgen.out("  sta  $addr |  sty  ${addr}+1")
                 return
             }
-            is IdentifierReference -> {
+            is PtIdentifier -> {
                 val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(addrExpr)
                 if(asmgen.isZpVar(addrExpr)) {
                     // pointervar is already in the zero page, no need to copy
-                    asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine!!)
+                    asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, fcall.definingISub()!!)
                     asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.AX)
                     if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) {
                         asmgen.out("""
@@ -742,14 +661,14 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     return
                 }
             }
-            is BinaryExpression -> {
-                if(addrExpr.operator=="+" && addrExpr.left is IdentifierReference && addrExpr.right is NumericLiteral) {
-                    val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(addrExpr.left as IdentifierReference)
-                    if(asmgen.isZpVar(addrExpr.left as IdentifierReference)) {
+            is PtBinaryExpression -> {
+                if(addrExpr.operator=="+" && addrExpr.left is PtIdentifier && addrExpr.right is PtNumber) {
+                    val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(addrExpr.left as PtIdentifier)
+                    if(asmgen.isZpVar(addrExpr.left as PtIdentifier)) {
                         // pointervar is already in the zero page, no need to copy
-                        asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine!!)
+                        asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, fcall.definingISub()!!)
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.AX)
-                        val index = (addrExpr.right as NumericLiteral).number.toHex()
+                        val index = (addrExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toHex()
                         asmgen.out("""
                             ldy  #$index
                             sta  ($varname),y
@@ -769,13 +688,13 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_pokew")
     }
 
-    private fun funcPeekW(fcall: IFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
+    private fun funcPeekW(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
         when(val addrExpr = fcall.args[0]) {
-            is NumericLiteral -> {
+            is PtNumber -> {
                 val addr = addrExpr.number.toHex()
                 asmgen.out("  lda  $addr |  ldy  ${addr}+1")
             }
-            is IdentifierReference -> {
+            is PtIdentifier -> {
                 val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(addrExpr)
                 if(asmgen.isZpVar(addrExpr)) {
                     // pointervar is already in the zero page, no need to copy
@@ -800,12 +719,12 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_peekw")
                 }
             }
-            is BinaryExpression -> {
-                if(addrExpr.operator=="+" && addrExpr.left is IdentifierReference && addrExpr.right is NumericLiteral) {
-                    val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(addrExpr.left as IdentifierReference)
-                    if(asmgen.isZpVar(addrExpr.left as IdentifierReference)) {
+            is PtBinaryExpression -> {
+                if(addrExpr.operator=="+" && addrExpr.left is PtIdentifier && addrExpr.right is PtNumber) {
+                    val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(addrExpr.left as PtIdentifier)
+                    if(asmgen.isZpVar(addrExpr.left as PtIdentifier)) {
                         // pointervar is already in the zero page, no need to copy
-                        val index = (addrExpr.right as NumericLiteral).number.toHex()
+                        val index = (addrExpr.right as PtNumber).number.toHex()
                         asmgen.out("""
                             ldy  #$index
                             lda  ($varname),y
@@ -845,7 +764,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcMkword(fcall: IFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
+    private fun funcMkword(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
         if(resultToStack) {
             asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.Y)      // msb
             asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[1], RegisterOrPair.A)      // lsb
@@ -854,12 +773,12 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             val reg = resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY
             var needAsave = asmgen.needAsaveForExpr(fcall.args[0])
             if(!needAsave) {
-                val mr0 = fcall.args[0] as? DirectMemoryRead
-                val mr1 = fcall.args[1] as? DirectMemoryRead
+                val mr0 = fcall.args[0] as? PtMemoryByte
+                val mr1 = fcall.args[1] as? PtMemoryByte
                 if (mr0 != null)
-                    needAsave =  mr0.addressExpression !is NumericLiteral
+                    needAsave =  mr0.address !is PtNumber
                 if (mr1 != null)
-                    needAsave = needAsave or (mr1.addressExpression !is NumericLiteral)
+                    needAsave = needAsave or (mr1.address !is PtNumber)
             }
             when(reg) {
                 RegisterOrPair.AX -> {
@@ -898,13 +817,13 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcMsb(fcall: IFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
+    private fun funcMsb(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
         val arg = fcall.args.single()
-        if (!arg.inferType(program).isWords)
+        if (arg.type !in WordDatatypes)
             throw AssemblyError("msb required word argument")
-        if (arg is NumericLiteral)
+        if (arg is PtNumber)
             throw AssemblyError("msb(const) should have been const-folded away")
-        if (arg is IdentifierReference) {
+        if (arg is PtIdentifier) {
             val sourceName = asmgen.asmVariableName(arg)
             if(resultToStack) {
                 asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName+1 |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  dex")
@@ -952,14 +871,14 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun funcLsb(fcall: IFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
+    private fun funcLsb(fcall: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultToStack: Boolean, resultRegister: RegisterOrPair?) {
         val arg = fcall.args.single()
-        if (!arg.inferType(program).isWords)
+        if (arg.type !in WordDatatypes)
             throw AssemblyError("lsb required word argument")
-        if (arg is NumericLiteral)
+        if (arg is PtNumber)
             throw AssemblyError("lsb(const) should have been const-folded away")
 
-        if (arg is IdentifierReference) {
+        if (arg is PtIdentifier) {
             val sourceName = asmgen.asmVariableName(arg)
             if(resultToStack) {
                 asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  dex")
@@ -1013,35 +932,39 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun outputAddressAndLenghtOfArray(arg: Expression) {
+    private fun outputAddressAndLenghtOfArray(arg: PtExpression) {
         // address in P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1,  number of elements in A
-        arg as IdentifierReference
-        val arrayVar = arg.targetVarDecl(program)!!
-        if(!arrayVar.isArray)
-            throw AssemblyError("length of non-array requested")
-        val size = arrayVar.arraysize!!.constIndex()!!
+        arg as PtIdentifier
+        val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(arg.name)
+        val arrayVar = symbol!!.astNode as IPtVariable
+        val numElements = when(arrayVar) {
+            is PtConstant -> null
+            is PtMemMapped -> arrayVar.arraySize
+            is PtVariable -> arrayVar.arraySize
+        } ?: throw AssemblyError("length of non-array requested")
         val identifierName = asmgen.asmVariableName(arg)
         asmgen.out("""
                     lda  #<$identifierName
                     ldy  #>$identifierName
                     sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
                     sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-                    lda  #$size
+                    lda  #$numElements
                     """)
     }
 
-    private fun translateArguments(args: MutableList<Expression>, signature: FSignature, scope: Subroutine?) {
-        val callConv = signature.callConvention(args.map {
-            it.inferType(program).getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
-        })
+    private fun translateArguments(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, scope: IPtSubroutine?) {
+        val signature = BuiltinFunctions.getValue(call.name)
+        val callConv = signature.callConvention(call.args.map { it.type})
 
-        fun getSourceForFloat(value: Expression): AsmAssignSource {
+        fun getSourceForFloat(value: PtExpression): AsmAssignSource {
             return when (value) {
-                is IdentifierReference -> {
-                    val addr = AddressOf(value, value.position)
+                is PtIdentifier -> {
+                    val addr = PtAddressOf(value.position)
+                    addr.add(value)
+                    addr.parent = call
                     AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(addr, program, asmgen)
                 }
-                is NumericLiteral -> {
+                is PtNumber -> {
                     throw AssemblyError("float literals should have been converted into autovar")
                 }
                 else -> {
@@ -1049,27 +972,30 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         throw AssemblyError("cannot use float arguments outside of a subroutine scope")
 
                     asmgen.subroutineExtra(scope).usedFloatEvalResultVar2 = true
-                    val variable = IdentifierReference(listOf(subroutineFloatEvalResultVar2), value.position)
-                    val addr = AddressOf(variable, value.position)
-                    addr.linkParents(value)
+                    val variable = PtIdentifier(subroutineFloatEvalResultVar2, DataType.FLOAT, value.position)
+                    val addr = PtAddressOf(value.position)
+                    addr.add(variable)
+                    addr.parent = call
                     asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, asmgen.asmVariableName(variable), DataType.FLOAT, scope)
                     AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(addr, program, asmgen)
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        args.zip(callConv.params).zip(signature.parameters).forEach {
+        call.args.zip(callConv.params).zip(signature.parameters).forEach {
             val paramName = it.second.name
             val conv = it.first.second
             val value = it.first.first
             when {
                 conv.variable -> {
-                    val varname = "prog8_lib.func_${signature.name}._arg_${paramName}"
+                    val varname = "prog8_lib.func_${call.name}._arg_${paramName}"
                     val src = when (conv.dt) {
                         DataType.FLOAT -> getSourceForFloat(value)
                         in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> {
                             // put the address of the argument in AY
-                            val addr = AddressOf(value as IdentifierReference, value.position)
+                            val addr = PtAddressOf(value.position)
+                            addr.add(value)
+                            addr.parent = call
                             AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(addr, program, asmgen)
                         }
                         else -> {
@@ -1077,7 +1003,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         }
                     }
                     val tgt = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, conv.dt, null, variableAsmName = varname)
-                    val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, program.memsizer, value.position)
+                    val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, program.memsizer, value.position)
                     asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
                 }
                 conv.reg != null -> {
@@ -1085,7 +1011,9 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         DataType.FLOAT -> getSourceForFloat(value)
                         in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> {
                             // put the address of the argument in AY
-                            val addr = AddressOf(value as IdentifierReference, value.position)
+                            val addr = PtAddressOf(value.position)
+                            addr.add(value)
+                            addr.parent = call
                             AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(addr, program, asmgen)
                         }
                         else -> {
@@ -1093,7 +1021,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         }
                     }
                     val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(conv.reg!!, false, null, asmgen)
-                    val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, program.memsizer, value.position)
+                    val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, program.memsizer, value.position)
                     asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
                 }
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("callconv")

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/ExpressionsAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
 
-internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
-                                 private val asmgen: AsmGen,
+internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
+                                 private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal,
                                  private val allocator: VariableAllocator) {
 
     @Deprecated("avoid calling this as it generates slow evalstack based code")
-    internal fun translateExpression(expression:Expression) {
+    internal fun translateExpression(expression: PtExpression) {
         if (this.asmgen.options.slowCodegenWarnings) {
-            asmgen.errors.warn("slow stack evaluation used for expression $expression", expression.position)
+            asmgen.errors.warn("slow stack evaluation used for expression", expression.position)
         }
         translateExpressionInternal(expression)
     }
@@ -21,41 +20,42 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
     // the rest of the methods are all PRIVATE
 
 
-    private fun translateExpressionInternal(expression: Expression) {
+    private fun translateExpressionInternal(expression: PtExpression) {
 
         when(expression) {
-            is PrefixExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is BinaryExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is TypecastExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is AddressOf -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is DirectMemoryRead -> asmgen.translateDirectMemReadExpressionToRegAorStack(expression, true)
-            is NumericLiteral -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is IdentifierReference -> translateExpression(expression)
-            is FunctionCallExpression -> translateFunctionCallResultOntoStack(expression)
-            is BuiltinFunctionCall -> asmgen.translateBuiltinFunctionCallExpression(expression, true, null)
-            is ContainmentCheck -> throw AssemblyError("containment check as complex expression value is not supported")
-            is ArrayLiteral, is StringLiteral -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for string/array literal value assignment - should have been replaced by a variable")
-            is RangeExpression -> throw AssemblyError("range expression should have been changed into array values")
-            is CharLiteral -> throw AssemblyError("charliteral should have been replaced by ubyte using certain encoding")
+            is PtPrefix -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtBinaryExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtTypeCast -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtAddressOf -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtMemoryByte -> asmgen.translateDirectMemReadExpressionToRegAorStack(expression, true)
+            is PtNumber -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtIdentifier -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is PtFunctionCall -> translateFunctionCallResultOntoStack(expression)
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> asmgen.translateBuiltinFunctionCallExpression(expression, true, null)
+            is PtContainmentCheck -> throw AssemblyError("containment check as complex expression value is not supported")
+            is PtArray, is PtString -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for string/array literal value assignment - should have been replaced by a variable")
+            is PtRange -> throw AssemblyError("range expression should have been changed into array values")
+            is PtMachineRegister -> throw AssemblyError("machine register ast node should not occur in 6502 codegen it is for IR code")
             else -> TODO("missing expression asmgen for $expression")
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateFunctionCallResultOntoStack(call: FunctionCallExpression) {
+    private fun translateFunctionCallResultOntoStack(call: PtFunctionCall) {
         // only for use in nested expression evaluation
 
-        val sub = call.target.targetSubroutine(program)!!
+        val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(call.name)
+        val sub = symbol!!.astNode as IPtSubroutine
         asmgen.saveXbeforeCall(call)
-        asmgen.translateFunctionCall(call, true)
+        asmgen.translateFunctionCall(call)
         if(sub.regXasResult()) {
             // store the return value in X somewhere that we can access again below
             asmgen.out("  stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG")
         }
         asmgen.restoreXafterCall(call)
 
-        val returns = sub.returntypes.zip(sub.asmReturnvaluesRegisters)
-        for ((_, reg) in returns) {
+        val returns: List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, DataType>> = sub.returnsWhatWhere()
+        for ((reg, _) in returns) {
             // result value is in cpu or status registers, put it on the stack instead (as we're evaluating an expression tree)
             if (reg.registerOrPair != null) {
                 when (reg.registerOrPair!!) {
@@ -133,9 +133,9 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(typecast: TypecastExpression) {
-        translateExpressionInternal(typecast.expression)
-        when(typecast.expression.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
+    private fun translateExpression(typecast: PtTypeCast) {
+        translateExpressionInternal(typecast.value)
+        when(typecast.value.type) {
             DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BOOL -> {
                 when(typecast.type) {
                     DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {}
@@ -197,12 +197,12 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(expr: AddressOf) {
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: PtAddressOf) {
         val name = asmgen.asmVariableName(expr.identifier)
         asmgen.out("  lda  #<$name |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  lda  #>$name  |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x  | dex")
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(expr: NumericLiteral) {
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: PtNumber) {
         when(expr.type) {
             DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out(" lda  #${expr.number.toHex()}  | sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x  | dex")
             DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("""
@@ -220,9 +220,9 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(expr: IdentifierReference) {
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: PtIdentifier) {
         val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(expr)
-        when(expr.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
+        when(expr.type) {
             DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
                 asmgen.out("  lda  $varname  |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x  |  dex")
             }
@@ -239,22 +239,16 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(expr: BinaryExpression) {
-        // Uses evalstack to evaluate the given expression.
-        // TODO we're slowly reducing the number of places where this is called and instead replace that by more efficient assignment-form code (using temp var or register for instance).
-        val leftIDt = expr.left.inferType(program)
-        val rightIDt = expr.right.inferType(program)
-        if(!leftIDt.isKnown || !rightIDt.isKnown)
-            throw AssemblyError("can't infer type of both expression operands")
-
-        val leftDt = leftIDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
-        val rightDt = rightIDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
-        // see if we can apply some optimized routines
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: PtBinaryExpression) {
+        // Uses evalstack to evaluate the given expression.  THIS IS SLOW AND SHOULD BE AVOIDED!
+        val leftDt = expr.left.type
+        val rightDt = expr.right.type
+        // see if we can apply some optimized routines still
         when(expr.operator) {
             "+" -> {
                 if(leftDt in IntegerDatatypes && rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                    val leftVal = expr.left.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
-                    val rightVal = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                    val leftVal = expr.left.asConstInteger()
+                    val rightVal = expr.right.asConstInteger()
                     if (leftVal!=null && leftVal in -4..4) {
                         translateExpressionInternal(expr.right)
                         if(rightDt in ByteDatatypes) {
@@ -318,7 +312,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             "-" -> {
                 if(leftDt in IntegerDatatypes && rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                    val rightVal = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                    val rightVal = expr.right.asConstInteger()
                     if (rightVal!=null && rightVal in -4..4)
                     {
                         translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
@@ -352,7 +346,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 }
             }
             ">>" -> {
-                val amount = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                val amount = expr.right.asConstInteger()
                 if(amount!=null) {
                     translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
                     when (leftDt) {
@@ -423,7 +417,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 }
             }
             "<<" -> {
-                val amount = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                val amount = expr.right.asConstInteger()
                 if(amount!=null) {
                     translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
                     if (leftDt in ByteDatatypes) {
@@ -450,13 +444,13 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             "*" -> {
                 if(leftDt in IntegerDatatypes && rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                    val leftVar = expr.left as? IdentifierReference
-                    val rightVar = expr.right as? IdentifierReference
+                    val leftVar = expr.left as? PtIdentifier
+                    val rightVar = expr.right as? PtIdentifier
                     if(leftVar!=null && rightVar!=null && leftVar==rightVar)
                         return translateSquared(leftVar, leftDt)
                 }
 
-                val value = expr.right.constValue(program)
+                val value = expr.right as? PtNumber
                 if(value!=null) {
                     if(rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
                         val amount = value.number.toInt()
@@ -516,7 +510,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             "/" -> {
                 if(leftDt in IntegerDatatypes && rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                    val rightVal = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                    val rightVal = expr.right.asConstInteger()
                     if(rightVal!=null && rightVal==2) {
                         translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
                         when (leftDt) {
@@ -557,8 +551,8 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             in ComparisonOperators -> {
                 if(leftDt in NumericDatatypes && rightDt in NumericDatatypes) {
-                    val rightVal = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number
-                    if(rightVal==0.0)
+                    val rightVal = expr.right.asConstInteger()
+                    if(rightVal==0)
                         return translateComparisonWithZero(expr.left, leftDt, expr.operator)
                 }
             }
@@ -572,7 +566,8 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             translateCompareStrings(expr.left, expr.operator, expr.right)
         }
         else {
-            // the general, non-optimized cases  TODO optimize more cases.... (or one day just don't use the evalstack at all anymore)
+            // the general, non-optimized cases
+            // TODO optimize more cases.... (or one day just don't use the evalstack at all anymore)
             translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
             translateExpressionInternal(expr.right)
             when (leftDt) {
@@ -584,8 +579,8 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateComparisonWithZero(expr: Expression, dt: DataType, operator: String) {
-        if(expr.isSimple) {
+    private fun translateComparisonWithZero(expr: PtExpression, dt: DataType, operator: String) {
+        if(expr.isSimple()) {
             if(operator=="!=") {
                 when (dt) {
                     in ByteDatatypes -> {
@@ -641,7 +636,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             "<" -> {
                 if(dt==DataType.UBYTE || dt==DataType.UWORD)
-                    return translateExpressionInternal(NumericLiteral.fromBoolean(false, expr.position))
+                    return translateExpressionInternal(PtNumber.fromBoolean(false, expr.position))
                 when(dt) {
                     DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.lesszero_b")
                     DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.lesszero_w")
@@ -671,7 +666,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             ">=" -> {
                 if(dt==DataType.UBYTE || dt==DataType.UWORD)
-                    return translateExpressionInternal(NumericLiteral.fromBoolean(true, expr.position))
+                    return translateExpressionInternal(PtNumber.fromBoolean(true, expr.position))
                 when(dt) {
                     DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.greaterequalzero_sb")
                     DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.greaterequalzero_sw")
@@ -683,7 +678,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateSquared(variable: IdentifierReference, dt: DataType) {
+    private fun translateSquared(variable: PtIdentifier, dt: DataType) {
         val asmVar = asmgen.asmVariableName(variable)
         when(dt) {
             DataType.BYTE, DataType.UBYTE -> {
@@ -699,14 +694,12 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  tya |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(expr: PrefixExpression) {
-        translateExpressionInternal(expr.expression)
-        val itype = expr.inferType(program)
-        val type = itype.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: PtPrefix) {
+        translateExpressionInternal(expr.value)
         when(expr.operator) {
             "+" -> {}
             "-" -> {
-                when(type) {
+                when(expr.type) {
                     in ByteDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.neg_b")
                     in WordDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.neg_w")
                     DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.neg_f")
@@ -714,7 +707,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 }
             }
             "~" -> {
-                when(type) {
+                when(expr.type) {
                     in ByteDatatypes ->
                         asmgen.out("""
                             lda  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
@@ -729,22 +722,18 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateExpression(arrayExpr: ArrayIndexedExpression) {
-        val elementIDt = arrayExpr.inferType(program)
-        if(!elementIDt.isKnown)
-            throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
-        val elementDt = elementIDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
-        val arrayVarName = asmgen.asmVariableName(arrayExpr.arrayvar)
+    private fun translateExpression(arrayExpr: PtArrayIndexer) {
+        val elementDt = arrayExpr.type
+        val arrayVarName = asmgen.asmVariableName(arrayExpr.variable)
 
-        val arrayVarDecl = arrayExpr.arrayvar.targetVarDecl(program)!!
-        if(arrayVarDecl.datatype==DataType.UWORD) {
+        if(arrayExpr.variable.type==DataType.UWORD) {
             // indexing a pointer var instead of a real array or string
             if(elementDt !in ByteDatatypes)
                 throw AssemblyError("non-array var indexing requires bytes dt")
-            if(arrayExpr.inferType(program) isnot DataType.UBYTE)
+            if(arrayExpr.index.type != DataType.UBYTE)
                 throw AssemblyError("non-array var indexing requires bytes index")
             asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(arrayExpr, elementDt, CpuRegister.Y)
-            if(asmgen.isZpVar(arrayExpr.arrayvar)) {
+            if(asmgen.isZpVar(arrayExpr.variable)) {
                 asmgen.out("  lda  ($arrayVarName),y")
             } else {
                 asmgen.out("  lda  $arrayVarName |  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1 |  lda  $arrayVarName+1 |  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1")
@@ -754,7 +743,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             return
         }
 
-        val constIndexNum = arrayExpr.indexer.constIndex()
+        val constIndexNum = arrayExpr.index.asConstInteger()
         if(constIndexNum!=null) {
             val indexValue = constIndexNum * program.memsizer.memorySize(elementDt)
             when(elementDt) {
@@ -881,7 +870,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateCompareStrings(s1: Expression, operator: String, s2: Expression) {
+    private fun translateCompareStrings(s1: PtExpression, operator: String, s2: PtExpression) {
         asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(s1, "prog8_lib.strcmp_expression._arg_s1", DataType.UWORD, null)
         asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(s2, "prog8_lib.strcmp_expression._arg_s2", DataType.UWORD, null)
         asmgen.out(" jsr  prog8_lib.strcmp_expression")    // result  of compare is in A

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/Extensions.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
+
+import prog8.code.ast.IPtSubroutine
+import prog8.code.ast.PtAsmSub
+import prog8.code.ast.PtSub
+import prog8.code.core.*
+
+
+internal fun IPtSubroutine.regXasResult(): Boolean =
+    (this is PtAsmSub) && this.returns.any { it.first.registerOrPair in arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.X, RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.XY) }
+
+internal fun IPtSubroutine.shouldSaveX(): Boolean =
+    this.regXasResult() || (this is PtAsmSub && (CpuRegister.X in this.clobbers || regXasParam()))
+
+internal fun PtAsmSub.regXasParam(): Boolean =
+    parameters.any { it.first.registerOrPair in arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.X, RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.XY) }
+
+internal class KeepAresult(val saveOnEntry: Boolean, val saveOnReturn: Boolean)
+
+internal fun PtAsmSub.shouldKeepA(): KeepAresult {
+    // determine if A's value should be kept when preparing for calling the subroutine, and when returning from it
+
+    // it seems that we never have to save A when calling? will be loaded correctly after setup.
+    // but on return it depends on wether the routine returns something in A.
+    val saveAonReturn = returns.any { it.first.registerOrPair==RegisterOrPair.A || it.first.registerOrPair==RegisterOrPair.AY || it.first.registerOrPair==RegisterOrPair.AX }
+    return KeepAresult(false, saveAonReturn)
+}
+
+internal fun IPtSubroutine.returnsWhatWhere(): List<Pair<RegisterOrStatusflag, DataType>> {
+    when(this) {
+        is PtAsmSub -> {
+            return returns
+        }
+        is PtSub -> {
+            // for non-asm subroutines, determine the return registers based on the type of the return value
+            return if(returntype==null)
+                emptyList()
+            else {
+                val register = when (returntype!!) {
+                    in ByteDatatypes -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.A, null)
+                    in WordDatatypes -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.AY, null)
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.FAC1, null)
+                    else -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.AY, null)
+                }
+                listOf(Pair(register, returntype!!))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+internal fun PtSub.returnRegister(): RegisterOrStatusflag? {
+    return when(returntype) {
+        in ByteDatatypes -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.A, null)
+        in WordDatatypes -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.AY, null)
+        DataType.FLOAT -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.FAC1, null)
+        null -> null
+        else -> RegisterOrStatusflag(RegisterOrPair.AY, null)
+    }
+}

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/ForLoopsAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,46 +1,43 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
 import com.github.michaelbull.result.fold
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
-import prog8.ast.expressions.RangeExpression
-import prog8.ast.statements.ForLoop
+import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
 
-internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen, private val zeropage: Zeropage) {
+internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
+                              private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal,
+                              private val zeropage: Zeropage) {
 
-    internal fun translate(stmt: ForLoop) {
-        val iterableDt = stmt.iterable.inferType(program)
-        if(!iterableDt.isKnown)
-            throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
+    internal fun translate(stmt: PtForLoop) {
+        val iterableDt = stmt.iterable.type
         when(stmt.iterable) {
-            is RangeExpression -> {
-                val range = (stmt.iterable as RangeExpression).toConstantIntegerRange()
+            is PtRange -> {
+                val range = (stmt.iterable as PtRange).toConstantIntegerRange()
                 if(range==null) {
-                    translateForOverNonconstRange(stmt, iterableDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }, stmt.iterable as RangeExpression)
+                    translateForOverNonconstRange(stmt, iterableDt, stmt.iterable as PtRange)
                 } else {
-                    translateForOverConstRange(stmt, iterableDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }, range)
+                    translateForOverConstRange(stmt, iterableDt, range)
                 }
             }
-            is IdentifierReference -> {
-                translateForOverIterableVar(stmt, iterableDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }, stmt.iterable as IdentifierReference)
+            is PtIdentifier -> {
+                translateForOverIterableVar(stmt, iterableDt, stmt.iterable as PtIdentifier)
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("can't iterate over ${stmt.iterable.javaClass} - should have been replaced by a variable")
         }
     }
 
-    private fun translateForOverNonconstRange(stmt: ForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, range: RangeExpression) {
-        val loopLabel = program.makeLabel("for_loop")
-        val endLabel = program.makeLabel("for_end")
-        val modifiedLabel = program.makeLabel("for_modified")
-        val modifiedLabel2 = program.makeLabel("for_modifiedb")
+    private fun translateForOverNonconstRange(stmt: PtForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, range: PtRange) {
+        val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
+        val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
+        val modifiedLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_modified")
+        val modifiedLabel2 = asmgen.makeLabel("for_modifiedb")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
-        val stepsize=range.step.constValue(program)!!.number.toInt()
+        val stepsize=range.step.asConstInteger()!!
 
         if(stepsize < -1) {
-            val limit = range.to.constValue(program)?.number
-            if(limit==0.0)
+            val limit = range.to.asConstInteger()
+            if(limit==0)
                 throw AssemblyError("for unsigned loop variable it's not possible to count down with step != -1 from a non-const value to exactly zero due to value wrapping")
         }
 
@@ -52,11 +49,11 @@ internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen:
 
                     val incdec = if(stepsize==1) "inc" else "dec"
                     // loop over byte range via loopvar
-                    val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+                    val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
                     asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.from, varname, ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt), null)
                     asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.to, "$modifiedLabel+1", ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt), null)
                     asmgen.out(loopLabel)
-                    asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                    asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
                     asmgen.out("""
                         lda  $varname
 $modifiedLabel          cmp  #0         ; modified 
@@ -70,11 +67,11 @@ $modifiedLabel          cmp  #0         ; modified
                     // bytes, step >= 2 or <= -2
 
                     // loop over byte range via loopvar
-                    val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+                    val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
                     asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.from, varname, ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt), null)
                     asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(range.to, "$modifiedLabel+1", ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt), null)
                     asmgen.out(loopLabel)
-                    asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                    asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
                     if(stepsize>0) {
                         asmgen.out("""
                             lda  $varname
@@ -102,14 +99,14 @@ $modifiedLabel              cmp  #0     ; modified
                     // words, step 1 or -1
 
                     stepsize == 1 || stepsize == -1 -> {
-                        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+                        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
                         assignLoopvar(stmt, range)
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(range.to, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             sty  $modifiedLabel+1
                             sta  $modifiedLabel2+1
 $loopLabel""")
-                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
                         asmgen.out("""
                 lda  $varname+1
 $modifiedLabel  cmp  #0    ; modified 
@@ -136,14 +133,14 @@ $modifiedLabel2 cmp  #0    ; modified
                     stepsize > 0 -> {
 
                         // (u)words, step >= 2
-                        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+                        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
                         assignLoopvar(stmt, range)
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(range.to, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             sty  $modifiedLabel+1
                             sta  $modifiedLabel2+1
 $loopLabel""")
-                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
 
                         if (iterableDt == DataType.ARRAY_UW) {
                             asmgen.out("""
@@ -184,14 +181,14 @@ $endLabel""")
                     else -> {
 
                         // (u)words, step <= -2
-                        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+                        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
                         assignLoopvar(stmt, range)
                         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(range.to, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             sty  $modifiedLabel+1
                             sta  $modifiedLabel2+1
 $loopLabel""")
-                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
 
                         if(iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_UW) {
                             asmgen.out("""
@@ -237,12 +234,18 @@ $endLabel""")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun translateForOverIterableVar(stmt: ForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, ident: IdentifierReference) {
-        val loopLabel = program.makeLabel("for_loop")
-        val endLabel = program.makeLabel("for_end")
+    private fun translateForOverIterableVar(stmt: PtForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, ident: PtIdentifier) {
+        val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
+        val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
         val iterableName = asmgen.asmVariableName(ident)
-        val decl = ident.targetVarDecl(program)!!
+        val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(ident.name)
+        val decl = symbol!!.astNode as IPtVariable
+        val numElements = when(decl) {
+            is PtConstant -> throw AssemblyError("length of non-array requested")
+            is PtMemMapped -> decl.arraySize
+            is PtVariable -> decl.arraySize
+        }
         when(iterableDt) {
             DataType.STR -> {
                 asmgen.out("""
@@ -252,8 +255,8 @@ $endLabel""")
                     sty  $loopLabel+2
 $loopLabel          lda  ${65535.toHex()}       ; modified
                     beq  $endLabel
-                    sta  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)}""")
-                asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                    sta  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)}""")
+                asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
                 asmgen.out("""
                     inc  $loopLabel+1
                     bne  $loopLabel
@@ -262,19 +265,18 @@ $loopLabel          lda  ${65535.toHex()}       ; modified
 $endLabel""")
             }
             DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
-                val length = decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()!!
-                val indexVar = program.makeLabel("for_index")
+                val indexVar = asmgen.makeLabel("for_index")
                 asmgen.out("""
                     ldy  #0
 $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                     lda  $iterableName,y
-                    sta  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)}""")
-                asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
-                if(length<=255) {
+                    sta  ${asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)}""")
+                asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
+                if(numElements!!<=255u) {
                     asmgen.out("""
                         ldy  $indexVar
                         iny
-                        cpy  #$length
+                        cpy  #$numElements
                         beq  $endLabel
                         bne  $loopLabel""")
                 } else {
@@ -285,9 +287,9 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                         bne  $loopLabel
                         beq  $endLabel""")
                 }
-                if(length>=16) {
+                if(numElements>=16u) {
                     // allocate index var on ZP if possible
-                    val result = zeropage.allocate(listOf(indexVar), DataType.UBYTE, null, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
+                    val result = zeropage.allocate(indexVar, DataType.UBYTE, null, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
                     result.fold(
                         success = { (address,_)-> asmgen.out("""$indexVar = $address  ; auto zp UBYTE""") },
                         failure = { asmgen.out("$indexVar    .byte  0") }
@@ -298,9 +300,9 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                 asmgen.out(endLabel)
             }
             DataType.ARRAY_W, DataType.ARRAY_UW -> {
-                val length = decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()!! * 2
-                val indexVar = program.makeLabel("for_index")
-                val loopvarName = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+                val length = numElements!! * 2u
+                val indexVar = asmgen.makeLabel("for_index")
+                val loopvarName = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
                 asmgen.out("""
                     ldy  #0
 $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
@@ -308,8 +310,8 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                     sta  $loopvarName
                     lda  $iterableName+1,y
                     sta  $loopvarName+1""")
-                asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
-                if(length<=127) {
+                asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
+                if(length<=127u) {
                     asmgen.out("""
                         ldy  $indexVar
                         iny
@@ -326,9 +328,9 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
                         bne  $loopLabel
                         beq  $endLabel""")
                 }
-                if(length>=16) {
+                if(length>=16u) {
                     // allocate index var on ZP if possible
-                    val result = zeropage.allocate(listOf(indexVar), DataType.UBYTE, null, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
+                    val result = zeropage.allocate(indexVar, DataType.UBYTE, null, stmt.position, asmgen.errors)
                     result.fold(
                         success = { (address,_)-> asmgen.out("""$indexVar = $address  ; auto zp UBYTE""") },
                         failure = { asmgen.out("$indexVar    .byte  0") }
@@ -346,7 +348,7 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun translateForOverConstRange(stmt: ForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, range: IntProgression) {
+    private fun translateForOverConstRange(stmt: PtForLoop, iterableDt: DataType, range: IntProgression) {
         if (range.isEmpty() || range.step==0)
             throw AssemblyError("empty range or step 0")
         if(iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_B || iterableDt==DataType.ARRAY_UB) {
@@ -359,18 +361,18 @@ $loopLabel          sty  $indexVar
         }
 
         // not one of the easy cases, generate more complex code...
-        val loopLabel = program.makeLabel("for_loop")
-        val endLabel = program.makeLabel("for_end")
+        val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
+        val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
         when(iterableDt) {
             DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.ARRAY_UB -> {
                 // loop over byte range via loopvar, step >= 2 or <= -2
-                val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+                val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
                 asmgen.out("""
                             lda  #${range.first}
                             sta  $varname
 $loopLabel""")
-                asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
                 when (range.step) {
                     0, 1, -1 -> {
                         throw AssemblyError("step 0, 1 and -1 should have been handled specifically  $stmt")
@@ -430,7 +432,7 @@ $loopLabel""")
             }
             DataType.ARRAY_W, DataType.ARRAY_UW -> {
                 // loop over word range via loopvar, step >= 2 or <= -2
-                val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+                val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
                 when (range.step) {
                     0, 1, -1 -> {
                         throw AssemblyError("step 0, 1 and -1 should have been handled specifically  $stmt")
@@ -444,7 +446,7 @@ $loopLabel""")
                             sta  $varname
                             sty  $varname+1
 $loopLabel""")
-                        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+                        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             lda  $varname
                             cmp  #<${range.last}
@@ -470,16 +472,16 @@ $loopLabel""")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun translateForSimpleByteRangeAsc(stmt: ForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
-        val loopLabel = program.makeLabel("for_loop")
-        val endLabel = program.makeLabel("for_end")
+    private fun translateForSimpleByteRangeAsc(stmt: PtForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
+        val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
+        val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
-        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
         asmgen.out("""
                 lda  #${range.first}
                 sta  $varname
 $loopLabel""")
-        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
         if (range.last == 255) {
             asmgen.out("""
                 inc  $varname
@@ -496,16 +498,16 @@ $endLabel""")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun translateForSimpleByteRangeDesc(stmt: ForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
-        val loopLabel = program.makeLabel("for_loop")
-        val endLabel = program.makeLabel("for_end")
+    private fun translateForSimpleByteRangeDesc(stmt: PtForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
+        val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
+        val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
-        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
         asmgen.out("""
                     lda  #${range.first}
                     sta  $varname
 $loopLabel""")
-        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
         when (range.last) {
             0 -> {
                 asmgen.out("""
@@ -533,18 +535,18 @@ $endLabel""")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun translateForSimpleWordRangeAsc(stmt: ForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
-        val loopLabel = program.makeLabel("for_loop")
-        val endLabel = program.makeLabel("for_end")
+    private fun translateForSimpleWordRangeAsc(stmt: PtForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
+        val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
+        val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
-        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
         asmgen.out("""
             lda  #<${range.first}
             ldy  #>${range.first}
             sta  $varname
             sty  $varname+1
 $loopLabel""")
-        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
         asmgen.out("""
             lda  $varname
             cmp  #<${range.last}
@@ -560,18 +562,18 @@ $loopLabel""")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun translateForSimpleWordRangeDesc(stmt: ForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
-        val loopLabel = program.makeLabel("for_loop")
-        val endLabel = program.makeLabel("for_end")
+    private fun translateForSimpleWordRangeDesc(stmt: PtForLoop, range: IntProgression) {
+        val loopLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_loop")
+        val endLabel = asmgen.makeLabel("for_end")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.push(endLabel)
-        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar)
+        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable)
         asmgen.out("""
             lda  #<${range.first}
             ldy  #>${range.first}
             sta  $varname
             sty  $varname+1
 $loopLabel""")
-        asmgen.translate(stmt.body)
+        asmgen.translate(stmt.statements)
         asmgen.out("""
             lda  $varname
             cmp  #<${range.last}
@@ -588,10 +590,10 @@ $loopLabel""")
         asmgen.loopEndLabels.pop()
     }
 
-    private fun assignLoopvar(stmt: ForLoop, range: RangeExpression) =
+    private fun assignLoopvar(stmt: PtForLoop, range: PtRange) =
         asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(
             range.from,
-            asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.loopVar),
-            stmt.loopVarDt(program).getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") },
-            stmt.definingSubroutine)
+            asmgen.asmVariableName(stmt.variable),
+            stmt.variable.type,
+            stmt.definingISub())
 }

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/FunctionCallAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,16 +1,6 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
-import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
-import prog8.ast.Node
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.expressions.AddressOf
-import prog8.ast.expressions.Expression
-import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
-import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteral
-import prog8.ast.statements.FunctionCallStatement
-import prog8.ast.statements.InlineAssembly
-import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
-import prog8.ast.statements.SubroutineParameter
+import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.AsmAssignSource
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.AsmAssignTarget
@@ -18,51 +8,60 @@ import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.AsmAssignment
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.TargetStorageKind
 
 
-internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
+internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram, private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal) {
 
-    internal fun translateFunctionCallStatement(stmt: FunctionCallStatement) {
+    internal fun translateFunctionCallStatement(stmt: PtFunctionCall) {
         saveXbeforeCall(stmt)
-        translateFunctionCall(stmt, false)
+        translateFunctionCall(stmt)
         restoreXafterCall(stmt)
         // just ignore any result values from the function call.
     }
 
-    internal fun saveXbeforeCall(stmt: IFunctionCall) {
-        val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
+    internal fun saveXbeforeCall(stmt: PtFunctionCall) {
+        val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(stmt.name)
+        val sub = symbol!!.astNode as IPtSubroutine
         if(sub.shouldSaveX()) {
-            val regSaveOnStack = sub.asmAddress==null       // rom-routines don't require registers to be saved on stack, normal subroutines do because they can contain nested calls
-            if(regSaveOnStack)
-                asmgen.saveRegisterStack(CpuRegister.X, sub.shouldKeepA().saveOnEntry)
-            else
-                asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, (stmt as Node).definingSubroutine!!)
+            if(sub is PtAsmSub) {
+                val regSaveOnStack = sub.address == null       // rom-routines don't require registers to be saved on stack, normal subroutines do because they can contain nested calls
+                if (regSaveOnStack)
+                    asmgen.saveRegisterStack(CpuRegister.X, sub.shouldKeepA().saveOnEntry)
+                else
+                    asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, stmt.definingISub()!!)
+            } else
+                asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, stmt.definingISub()!!)
         }
     }
 
-    internal fun restoreXafterCall(stmt: IFunctionCall) {
-        val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
+    internal fun restoreXafterCall(stmt: PtFunctionCall) {
+        val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(stmt.name)
+        val sub = symbol!!.astNode as IPtSubroutine
         if(sub.shouldSaveX()) {
-            val regSaveOnStack = sub.asmAddress==null       // rom-routines don't require registers to be saved on stack, normal subroutines do because they can contain nested calls
-            if(regSaveOnStack)
-                asmgen.restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.X, sub.shouldKeepA().saveOnReturn)
-            else
+            if(sub is PtAsmSub) {
+                val regSaveOnStack = sub.address == null       // rom-routines don't require registers to be saved on stack, normal subroutines do because they can contain nested calls
+                if (regSaveOnStack)
+                    asmgen.restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.X, sub.shouldKeepA().saveOnReturn)
+                else
+                    asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
+            } else
                 asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
         }
     }
 
-    internal fun optimizeIntArgsViaRegisters(sub: Subroutine) =
+    internal fun optimizeIntArgsViaRegisters(sub: PtSub) =
         (sub.parameters.size==1 && sub.parameters[0].type in IntegerDatatypes)
                 || (sub.parameters.size==2 && sub.parameters[0].type in ByteDatatypes && sub.parameters[1].type in ByteDatatypes)
 
-    internal fun translateFunctionCall(call: IFunctionCall, isExpression: Boolean) {            // TODO remove isExpression unused parameter
+    internal fun translateFunctionCall(call: PtFunctionCall) {
         // Output only the code to set up the parameters and perform the actual call
         // NOTE: does NOT output the code to deal with the result values!
         // NOTE: does NOT output code to save/restore the X register for this call! Every caller should deal with this in their own way!!
         //       (you can use subroutine.shouldSaveX() and saveX()/restoreX() routines as a help for this)
 
-        val sub = call.target.targetSubroutine(program) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${call.target}")
-        val subAsmName = asmgen.asmSymbolName(call.target)
+        val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(call.name)
+        val sub = symbol!!.astNode as IPtSubroutine
+        val subAsmName = asmgen.asmSymbolName(call.name)
 
-        if(sub.isAsmSubroutine) {
+        if(sub is PtAsmSub) {
             argumentsViaRegisters(sub, call)
             if (sub.inline && asmgen.options.optimize) {
                 // inline the subroutine.
@@ -70,16 +69,13 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                 // NOTE: *if* there is a return statement, it will be the only one, and the very last statement of the subroutine
                 // (this condition has been enforced by an ast check earlier)
                 asmgen.out("  \t; inlined routine follows: ${sub.name}")
-                sub.statements.forEach { asmgen.translate(it as InlineAssembly) }
+                sub.children.forEach { asmgen.translate(it as PtInlineAssembly) }
                 asmgen.out("  \t; inlined routine end: ${sub.name}")
             } else {
                 asmgen.out("  jsr  $subAsmName")
             }
         }
-        else {
-            if(sub.inline)
-                throw AssemblyError("can only reliably inline asmsub routines at this time")
-
+        else if(sub is PtSub) {
             if(optimizeIntArgsViaRegisters(sub)) {
                 if(sub.parameters.size==1) {
                     val register = if (sub.parameters[0].type in ByteDatatypes) RegisterOrPair.A else RegisterOrPair.AY
@@ -100,84 +96,82 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
             }
             asmgen.out("  jsr  $subAsmName")
         }
+        else throw AssemblyError("invalid sub type")
 
         // remember: dealing with the X register and/or dealing with return values is the responsibility of the caller
     }
 
-    private fun argumentsViaRegisters(sub: Subroutine, call: IFunctionCall) {
+    private fun argumentsViaRegisters(sub: PtAsmSub, call: PtFunctionCall) {
         if(sub.parameters.size==1) {
-            argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(0, sub.parameters.single()), call.args[0])
+            argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(0, sub.parameters.single().second), call.args[0])
         } else {
-            if(asmsub6502ArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk(call.args, sub.asmParameterRegisters)) {
+            if(asmsub6502ArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk(call.args, sub.parameters)) {
                 registerArgsViaCpuStackEvaluation(call, sub)
             } else {
                 asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder(sub).forEach {
                     val param = sub.parameters[it]
                     val arg = call.args[it]
-                    argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(it, param), arg)
+                    argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(it, param.second), arg)
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    private fun registerArgsViaCpuStackEvaluation(call: IFunctionCall, callee: Subroutine) {
+    private fun registerArgsViaCpuStackEvaluation(call: PtFunctionCall, callee: PtAsmSub) {
         // this is called when one or more of the arguments are 'complex' and
         // cannot be assigned to a register easily or risk clobbering other registers.
 
-        require(callee.isAsmSubroutine) { "register args only for asm subroutine ${callee.position}" }
         if(callee.parameters.isEmpty())
             return
 
         // use the cpu hardware stack as intermediate storage for the arguments.
         val argOrder = asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder(callee)
         argOrder.reversed().forEach {
-            asmgen.pushCpuStack(callee.parameters[it].type, call.args[it])
+            asmgen.pushCpuStack(callee.parameters[it].second.type, call.args[it])
         }
         argOrder.forEach {
             val param = callee.parameters[it]
-            val targetVar = callee.searchParameter(param.name)!!
-            asmgen.popCpuStack(param.type, targetVar, (call as Node).definingSubroutine)
+            asmgen.popCpuStack(callee, param.second, param.first)
         }
     }
 
-    private fun argumentViaVariable(sub: Subroutine, parameter: SubroutineParameter, value: Expression) {
+    private fun argumentViaVariable(sub: PtSub, parameter: PtSubroutineParameter, value: PtExpression) {
         // pass parameter via a regular variable (not via registers)
-        val valueIDt = value.inferType(program)
-        val valueDt = valueIDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
-        if(!isArgumentTypeCompatible(valueDt, parameter.type))
+        if(!isArgumentTypeCompatible(value.type, parameter.type))
             throw AssemblyError("argument type incompatible")
 
-        val varName = asmgen.asmVariableName(sub.scopedName + parameter.name)
+        val varName = asmgen.asmVariableName(sub.scopedName + "." + parameter.name)
         asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, varName, parameter.type, sub)
     }
 
-    private fun argumentViaRegister(sub: Subroutine, parameter: IndexedValue<SubroutineParameter>, value: Expression, registerOverride: RegisterOrPair? = null) {
+    private fun argumentViaRegister(sub: IPtSubroutine, parameter: IndexedValue<PtSubroutineParameter>, value: PtExpression, registerOverride: RegisterOrPair? = null) {
         // pass argument via a register parameter
-        val valueIDt = value.inferType(program)
-        val valueDt = valueIDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
-        if(!isArgumentTypeCompatible(valueDt, parameter.value.type))
+        if(!isArgumentTypeCompatible(value.type, parameter.value.type))
             throw AssemblyError("argument type incompatible")
 
-        val paramRegister = if(registerOverride==null) sub.asmParameterRegisters[parameter.index] else RegisterOrStatusflag(registerOverride, null)
+        val paramRegister: RegisterOrStatusflag = when(sub) {
+            is PtAsmSub -> if(registerOverride==null) sub.parameters[parameter.index].first else RegisterOrStatusflag(registerOverride, null)
+            is PtSub -> RegisterOrStatusflag(registerOverride!!, null)
+        }
         val statusflag = paramRegister.statusflag
         val register = paramRegister.registerOrPair
         val requiredDt = parameter.value.type
-        if(requiredDt!=valueDt) {
-            if(valueDt largerThan requiredDt)
+        if(requiredDt!=value.type) {
+            if(value.type largerThan requiredDt)
                 throw AssemblyError("can only convert byte values to word param types")
         }
         if (statusflag!=null) {
-            if(requiredDt!=valueDt)
+            if(requiredDt!=value.type)
                 throw AssemblyError("for statusflag, byte value is required")
             if (statusflag == Statusflag.Pc) {
                 // this param needs to be set last, right before the jsr
                 // for now, this is already enforced on the subroutine definition by the Ast Checker
                 when(value) {
-                    is NumericLiteral -> {
+                    is PtNumber -> {
                         val carrySet = value.number.toInt() != 0
                         asmgen.out(if(carrySet) "  sec" else "  clc")
                     }
-                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                    is PtIdentifier -> {
                         val sourceName = asmgen.asmVariableName(value)
                         asmgen.out("""
                             pha
@@ -202,10 +196,10 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
         else {
             // via register or register pair
             register!!
-            if(requiredDt largerThan valueDt) {
+            if(requiredDt largerThan value.type) {
                 // we need to sign extend the source, do this via temporary word variable
                 asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UBYTE, sub)
-                asmgen.signExtendVariableLsb("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", valueDt)
+                asmgen.signExtendVariableLsb("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", value.type)
                 asmgen.assignVariableToRegister("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", register)
             } else {
                 val target: AsmAssignTarget =
@@ -215,9 +209,11 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                         val signed = parameter.value.type == DataType.BYTE || parameter.value.type == DataType.WORD
                         AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, signed, sub, asmgen)
                     }
-                val src = if(valueDt in PassByReferenceDatatypes) {
-                    if(value is IdentifierReference) {
-                        val addr = AddressOf(value, Position.DUMMY)
+                val src = if(value.type in PassByReferenceDatatypes) {
+                    if(value is PtIdentifier) {
+                        val addr = PtAddressOf(Position.DUMMY)
+                        addr.add(value)
+                        addr.parent = sub as PtNode
                         AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(addr, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
                     } else {
                         AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(value, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
@@ -225,7 +221,7 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                 } else {
                     AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(value, program, asmgen).adjustSignedUnsigned(target)
                 }
-                asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(AsmAssignment(src, target, false, program.memsizer, Position.DUMMY))
+                asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(AsmAssignment(src, target, program.memsizer, Position.DUMMY))
             }
         }
     }

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/PostIncrDecrAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
-import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteral
-import prog8.ast.statements.PostIncrDecr
+import prog8.code.ast.PtIdentifier
+import prog8.code.ast.PtNumber
+import prog8.code.ast.PtPostIncrDecr
+import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
 import prog8.code.core.*
 
 
-internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
-    internal fun translate(stmt: PostIncrDecr) {
+internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram, private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal) {
+    internal fun translate(stmt: PtPostIncrDecr) {
         val incr = stmt.operator=="++"
         val targetIdent = stmt.target.identifier
-        val targetMemory = stmt.target.memoryAddress
-        val targetArrayIdx = stmt.target.arrayindexed
-        val scope = stmt.definingSubroutine
+        val targetMemory = stmt.target.memory
+        val targetArrayIdx = stmt.target.array
+        val scope = stmt.definingISub()
         when {
             targetIdent!=null -> {
                 val what = asmgen.asmVariableName(targetIdent)
-                when (stmt.target.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
+                when (stmt.target.type) {
                     in ByteDatatypes -> asmgen.out(if (incr) "  inc  $what" else "  dec  $what")
                     in WordDatatypes -> {
                         if(incr)
@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                 }
             }
             targetMemory!=null -> {
-                when (val addressExpr = targetMemory.addressExpression) {
-                    is NumericLiteral -> {
+                when (val addressExpr = targetMemory.address) {
+                    is PtNumber -> {
                         val what = addressExpr.number.toHex()
                         asmgen.out(if(incr) "  inc  $what" else "  dec  $what")
                     }
-                    is IdentifierReference -> {
+                    is PtIdentifier -> {
                         val what = asmgen.asmVariableName(addressExpr)
                         asmgen.out("  lda  $what |  sta  (+) +1 |  lda  $what+1 |  sta  (+) +2")
                         if(incr)
@@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                 }
             }
             targetArrayIdx!=null -> {
-                val asmArrayvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(targetArrayIdx.arrayvar)
-                val elementDt = targetArrayIdx.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
-                val constIndex = targetArrayIdx.indexer.constIndex()
+                val asmArrayvarname = asmgen.asmVariableName(targetArrayIdx.variable)
+                val elementDt = targetArrayIdx.type
+                val constIndex = targetArrayIdx.index.asConstInteger()
                 if(constIndex!=null) {
                     val indexValue = constIndex * program.memsizer.memorySize(elementDt)
                     when(elementDt) {

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/ProgramAndVarsGen.kt

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.code.*
+import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.AsmAssignTarget
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment.TargetStorageKind
-import prog8.compiler.CallGraph
 import java.time.LocalDate
 import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
@@ -20,30 +18,26 @@ import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
  *  - all variables (note: VarDecl ast nodes are *NOT* used anymore for this! now uses IVariablesAndConsts data tables!)
  */
 internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
-    val program: Program,
+    val program: PtProgram,
     val options: CompilationOptions,
     val errors: IErrorReporter,
     private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
     private val functioncallAsmGen: FunctionCallAsmGen,
-    private val asmgen: AsmGen,
+    private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal,
     private val allocator: VariableAllocator,
     private val zeropage: Zeropage
 ) {
     private val compTarget = options.compTarget
-    private val callGraph = CallGraph(program, true)
-    private val blockVariableInitializers = program.allBlocks.associateWith { it.statements.filterIsInstance<Assignment>() }
+    private val blockVariableInitializers = program.allBlocks().associateWith { it.children.filterIsInstance<PtAssignment>() }
 
     internal fun generate() {
-        val allInitializers = blockVariableInitializers.asSequence().flatMap { it.value }
-        require(allInitializers.all { it.origin==AssignmentOrigin.VARINIT }) {"all block-level assignments must be a variable initializer"}
-
         header()
-        val allBlocks = program.allBlocks
+        val allBlocks = program.allBlocks()
         if(allBlocks.first().name != "main")
             throw AssemblyError("first block should be 'main'")
 
         if(errors.noErrors())  {
-            program.allBlocks.forEach { block2asm(it) }
+            program.allBlocks().forEach { block2asm(it) }
 
             // the global list of all floating point constants for the whole program
             asmgen.out("; global float constants")
@@ -71,7 +65,7 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         asmgen.out("; assembler syntax is for the 64tasm cross-assembler")
         asmgen.out("; output options: output=${options.output} launcher=${options.launcher} zp=${options.zeropage}")
         asmgen.out("")
-        asmgen.out(".cpu  '$cpu'\n.enc  'none'\n")
+        asmgen.out(".cpu  '$cpu'\n.enc  'none'")
 
         // the global prog8 variables needed
         val zp = zeropage
@@ -94,13 +88,13 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         when(options.output) {
             OutputType.RAW -> {
                 asmgen.out("; ---- raw assembler program ----")
-                asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}\n")
+                asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
             }
             OutputType.PRG -> {
                 when(options.launcher) {
                     CbmPrgLauncherType.BASIC -> {
                         if (options.loadAddress != options.compTarget.machine.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS) {
-                            errors.err("BASIC output must have load address ${options.compTarget.machine.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS.toHex()}", program.toplevelModule.position)
+                            errors.err("BASIC output must have load address ${options.compTarget.machine.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS.toHex()}", program.position)
                         }
                         asmgen.out("; ---- basic program with sys call ----")
                         asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
@@ -108,14 +102,14 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
                         asmgen.out("  .word  (+), $year")
                         asmgen.out("  .null  $9e, format(' %d ', prog8_entrypoint), $3a, $8f, ' prog8'")
                         asmgen.out("+\t.word  0")
-                        asmgen.out("prog8_entrypoint\t; assembly code starts here\n")
+                        asmgen.out("prog8_entrypoint\t; assembly code starts here")
                         if(!options.noSysInit)
                             asmgen.out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system")
                         asmgen.out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system_phase2")
                     }
                     CbmPrgLauncherType.NONE -> {
                         asmgen.out("; ---- program without basic sys call ----")
-                        asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}\n")
+                        asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
                         if(!options.noSysInit)
                             asmgen.out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system")
                         asmgen.out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system_phase2")
@@ -124,7 +118,7 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
             }
             OutputType.XEX -> {
                 asmgen.out("; ---- atari xex program ----")
-                asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}\n")
+                asmgen.out("* = ${options.loadAddress.toHex()}")
                 if(!options.noSysInit)
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system")
                 asmgen.out("  jsr  ${compTarget.name}.init_system_phase2")
@@ -168,62 +162,89 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
     }
 
     private fun memorySlabs() {
-        asmgen.out("; memory slabs")
-        asmgen.out("prog8_slabs\t.block")
-        for(slab in symboltable.allMemorySlabs) {
-            if(slab.align>1u)
-                asmgen.out("\t.align  ${slab.align.toHex()}")
-            asmgen.out("${slab.name}\t.fill  ${slab.size}")
+        if(symboltable.allMemorySlabs.isNotEmpty()) {
+            asmgen.out("; memory slabs\n  .section slabs_BSS")
+            asmgen.out("prog8_slabs\t.block")
+            for (slab in symboltable.allMemorySlabs) {
+                if (slab.align > 1u)
+                    asmgen.out("\t.align  ${slab.align.toHex()}")
+                asmgen.out("${slab.name}\t.fill  ${slab.size}")
+            }
+            asmgen.out("\t.bend\n  .send slabs_BSS")
         }
-        asmgen.out("\t.bend")
     }
 
     private fun footer() {
-        // program end
-        asmgen.out("prog8_program_end\t; end of program label for progend()")
+        asmgen.out("; bss sections")
+        if(options.varsHigh) {
+            if(options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_START == 0u || options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_END==0u) {
+                throw AssemblyError("current compilation target hasn't got the high ram area properly defined")
+            }
+            // BSS vars in high ram area, memory() slabs just concatenated at the end of the program.
+            if(symboltable.allMemorySlabs.isNotEmpty()) {
+                asmgen.out("  .dsection slabs_BSS")
+            }
+            asmgen.out("prog8_program_end\t; end of program label for progend()")
+            asmgen.out("  * = ${options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_START.toHex()}")
+            asmgen.out("prog8_bss_section_start")
+            asmgen.out("  .dsection BSS")
+            asmgen.out("  .cerror * >= ${options.compTarget.machine.BSSHIGHRAM_END.toHex()}, \"too many variables for BSS section\"")
+            asmgen.out("prog8_bss_section_size = * - prog8_bss_section_start")
+        } else {
+            // BSS vars followed by memory() slabs, concatenated at the end of the program.
+            asmgen.out("prog8_bss_section_start")
+            asmgen.out("  .dsection BSS")
+            asmgen.out("prog8_bss_section_size = * - prog8_bss_section_start")
+            if(symboltable.allMemorySlabs.isNotEmpty()) {
+                asmgen.out("  .dsection slabs_BSS")
+            }
+            asmgen.out("prog8_program_end\t; end of program label for progend()")
+        }
     }
 
-    private fun block2asm(block: Block) {
+    private fun block2asm(block: PtBlock) {
         asmgen.out("")
         asmgen.out("; ---- block: '${block.name}' ----")
         if(block.address!=null)
             asmgen.out("* = ${block.address!!.toHex()}")
         else {
-            if("align_word" in block.options())
+            if(block.alignment==PtBlock.BlockAlignment.WORD)
                 asmgen.out("\t.align 2")
-            else if("align_page" in block.options())
+            else if(block.alignment==PtBlock.BlockAlignment.PAGE)
                 asmgen.out("\t.align $100")
         }
 
-        asmgen.out("${block.name}\t" + (if("force_output" in block.options()) ".block\n" else ".proc\n"))
+        asmgen.out("${block.name}\t" + (if(block.forceOutput) ".block" else ".proc"))
         asmgen.outputSourceLine(block)
 
         createBlockVariables(block)
-        asmsubs2asm(block.statements)
+        asmsubs2asm(block.children)
 
         asmgen.out("")
 
         val initializers = blockVariableInitializers.getValue(block)
-        val notInitializers = block.statements.filterNot { it in initializers }
+        val notInitializers = block.children.filterNot { it in initializers }
         notInitializers.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
 
-        if(!options.dontReinitGlobals) {
-            // generate subroutine to initialize block-level (global) variables
-            if (initializers.isNotEmpty()) {
-                asmgen.out("prog8_init_vars\t.block\n")
-                initializers.forEach { assign -> asmgen.translate(assign) }
-                asmgen.out("  rts\n  .bend")
+        // generate subroutine to initialize block-level (global) variables
+        if (initializers.isNotEmpty()) {
+            asmgen.out("prog8_init_vars\t.block")
+            initializers.forEach { assign ->
+                if((assign.value as? PtNumber)?.number != 0.0 || allocator.isZpVar(assign.target.identifier!!.name))
+                    asmgen.translate(assign)
+                // the other variables that should be set to zero are done so as part of the BSS section.
             }
+            asmgen.out("  rts\n  .bend")
         }
 
-        asmgen.out(if("force_output" in block.options()) "\n\t.bend\n" else "\n\t.pend\n")
+        asmgen.out(if(block.forceOutput) "\n\t.bend" else "\n\t.pend")
     }
 
     private fun getVars(scope: StNode): Map<String, StNode> =
         scope.children.filter { it.value.type in arrayOf(StNodeType.STATICVAR, StNodeType.CONSTANT, StNodeType.MEMVAR) }
 
-    private fun createBlockVariables(block: Block) {
-        val scope = symboltable.lookupOrElse(block.name) { throw AssemblyError("lookup") }
+    private fun createBlockVariables(block: PtBlock) {
+        val scope = symboltable.lookupUnscopedOrElse(block.name) { throw AssemblyError("lookup") }
         require(scope.type==StNodeType.BLOCK)
         val varsInBlock = getVars(scope)
 
@@ -247,18 +268,10 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         nonZpVariables2asm(variables)
     }
 
-    internal fun translateSubroutine(sub: Subroutine) {
-        var onlyVariables = false
-
+    internal fun translateAsmSubroutine(sub: PtAsmSub) {
         if(sub.inline) {
             if(options.optimize) {
-                if(sub.isAsmSubroutine || callGraph.unused(sub))
-                    return
-
-                // from an inlined subroutine only the local variables are generated,
-                // all other code statements are omitted in the subroutine itself
-                // (they've been inlined at the call site, remember?)
-                onlyVariables = true
+                return
             }
         }
 
@@ -266,7 +279,7 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
 
         val asmStartScope: String
         val asmEndScope: String
-        if(sub.definingBlock.options().contains("force_output")) {
+        if(sub.definingBlock()!!.forceOutput) {
             asmStartScope = ".block"
             asmEndScope = ".bend"
         } else {
@@ -274,105 +287,127 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
             asmEndScope = ".pend"
         }
 
-        if(sub.isAsmSubroutine) {
-            if(sub.asmAddress!=null)
-                return  // already done at the memvars section
+        if(sub.address!=null)
+            return  // already done at the memvars section
 
-            // asmsub with most likely just an inline asm in it
-            asmgen.out("${sub.name}\t$asmStartScope")
-            sub.statements.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
-            asmgen.out("  $asmEndScope\n")
+        // asmsub with most likely just an inline asm in it
+        asmgen.out("${sub.name}\t$asmStartScope")
+        sub.children.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
+        asmgen.out("  $asmEndScope")
+    }
+
+
+    internal fun translateSubroutine(sub: PtSub) {
+        asmgen.out("")
+
+        val asmStartScope: String
+        val asmEndScope: String
+        if(sub.definingBlock()!!.forceOutput) {
+            asmStartScope = ".block"
+            asmEndScope = ".bend"
         } else {
-            // regular subroutine
-            asmgen.out("${sub.name}\t$asmStartScope")
-
-            val scope = symboltable.lookupOrElse(sub.scopedName) { throw AssemblyError("lookup") }
-            require(scope.type==StNodeType.SUBROUTINE)
-            val varsInSubroutine = getVars(scope)
-
-            // Zeropage Variables
-            val varnames = varsInSubroutine.filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.STATICVAR }.map { it.value.scopedName }.toSet()
-            zeropagevars2asm(varnames)
-
-            // MemDefs and Consts
-            val mvs = varsInSubroutine
-                .filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.MEMVAR }
-                .map { it.value as StMemVar }
-            val consts = varsInSubroutine
-                .filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.CONSTANT }
-                .map { it.value as StConstant }
-            memdefsAndConsts2asm(mvs, consts)
-
-            asmsubs2asm(sub.statements)
-
-            // the main.start subroutine is the program's entrypoint and should perform some initialization logic
-            if(sub.name=="start" && sub.definingBlock.name=="main")
-                entrypointInitialization()
-
-            if(functioncallAsmGen.optimizeIntArgsViaRegisters(sub)) {
-                asmgen.out("; simple int arg(s) passed via register(s)")
-                if(sub.parameters.size==1) {
-                    val dt = sub.parameters[0].type
-                    val target = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, dt, sub, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[0].name)
-                    if(dt in ByteDatatypes)
-                        asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, target)
-                    else
-                        asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.AY, target)
-                } else {
-                    require(sub.parameters.size==2)
-                    // 2 simple byte args, first in A, second in Y
-                    val target1 = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, sub.parameters[0].type, sub, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[0].name)
-                    val target2 = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, sub.parameters[1].type, sub, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[1].name)
-                    asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, target1)
-                    asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.Y, target2)
-                }
-            }
-
-            if(!onlyVariables) {
-                asmgen.out("; statements")
-                sub.statements.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
-            }
-
-            asmgen.out("; variables")
-            val asmGenInfo = asmgen.subroutineExtra(sub)
-            for((dt, name, addr) in asmGenInfo.extraVars) {
-                if(addr!=null)
-                    asmgen.out("$name = $addr")
-                else when(dt) {
-                    DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("$name    .byte  0")
-                    DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("$name    .word  0")
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird dt")
-                }
-            }
-            if(asmGenInfo.usedRegsaveA)      // will probably never occur
-                asmgen.out("prog8_regsaveA     .byte  0")
-            if(asmGenInfo.usedRegsaveX)
-                asmgen.out("prog8_regsaveX     .byte  0")
-            if(asmGenInfo.usedRegsaveY)
-                asmgen.out("prog8_regsaveY     .byte  0")
-            if(asmGenInfo.usedFloatEvalResultVar1)
-                asmgen.out("$subroutineFloatEvalResultVar1    .byte  0,0,0,0,0")
-            if(asmGenInfo.usedFloatEvalResultVar2)
-                asmgen.out("$subroutineFloatEvalResultVar2    .byte  0,0,0,0,0")
-
-            // normal statically allocated variables
-            val variables = varsInSubroutine
-                .filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.STATICVAR && !allocator.isZpVar(it.value.scopedName) }
-                .map { it.value as StStaticVariable }
-            nonZpVariables2asm(variables)
-
-            asmgen.out("  $asmEndScope\n")
+            asmStartScope = ".proc"
+            asmEndScope = ".pend"
         }
+
+        asmgen.out("${sub.name}\t$asmStartScope")
+
+        val scope = symboltable.lookupOrElse(sub.scopedName) { throw AssemblyError("lookup") }
+        require(scope.type==StNodeType.SUBROUTINE)
+        val varsInSubroutine = getVars(scope)
+
+        // Zeropage Variables
+        val varnames = varsInSubroutine.filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.STATICVAR }.map { it.value.scopedName }.toSet()
+        zeropagevars2asm(varnames)
+
+        // MemDefs and Consts
+        val mvs = varsInSubroutine
+            .filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.MEMVAR }
+            .map { it.value as StMemVar }
+        val consts = varsInSubroutine
+            .filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.CONSTANT }
+            .map { it.value as StConstant }
+        memdefsAndConsts2asm(mvs, consts)
+
+        asmsubs2asm(sub.children)
+
+        // the main.start subroutine is the program's entrypoint and should perform some initialization logic
+        if(sub.name=="start" && sub.definingBlock()!!.name=="main")
+            entrypointInitialization()
+
+        if(functioncallAsmGen.optimizeIntArgsViaRegisters(sub)) {
+            asmgen.out("; simple int arg(s) passed via register(s)")
+            if(sub.parameters.size==1) {
+                val dt = sub.parameters[0].type
+                val target = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, dt, sub, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[0].name)
+                if(dt in ByteDatatypes)
+                    asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, target)
+                else
+                    asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.AY, target)
+            } else {
+                require(sub.parameters.size==2)
+                // 2 simple byte args, first in A, second in Y
+                val target1 = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, sub.parameters[0].type, sub, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[0].name)
+                val target2 = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, sub.parameters[1].type, sub, variableAsmName = sub.parameters[1].name)
+                asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, target1)
+                asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.Y, target2)
+            }
+        }
+
+        asmgen.out("; statements")
+        sub.children.forEach { asmgen.translate(it) }
+
+        asmgen.out("; variables")
+        val asmGenInfo = asmgen.subroutineExtra(sub)
+        for((dt, name, addr) in asmGenInfo.extraVars) {
+            if(addr!=null)
+                asmgen.out("$name = $addr")
+            else when(dt) {
+                DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("$name    .byte  0")
+                DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("$name    .word  0")
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("weird dt")
+            }
+        }
+        if(asmGenInfo.usedRegsaveA)      // will probably never occur
+            asmgen.out("prog8_regsaveA     .byte  0")
+        if(asmGenInfo.usedRegsaveX)
+            asmgen.out("prog8_regsaveX     .byte  0")
+        if(asmGenInfo.usedRegsaveY)
+            asmgen.out("prog8_regsaveY     .byte  0")
+        if(asmGenInfo.usedFloatEvalResultVar1)
+            asmgen.out("$subroutineFloatEvalResultVar1    .byte  0,0,0,0,0")
+        if(asmGenInfo.usedFloatEvalResultVar2)
+            asmgen.out("$subroutineFloatEvalResultVar2    .byte  0,0,0,0,0")
+
+        // normal statically allocated variables
+        val variables = varsInSubroutine
+            .filter { it.value.type==StNodeType.STATICVAR && !allocator.isZpVar(it.value.scopedName) }
+            .map { it.value as StStaticVariable }
+        nonZpVariables2asm(variables)
+
+        asmgen.out("  $asmEndScope")
     }
 
     private fun entrypointInitialization() {
         asmgen.out("; program startup initialization")
-        asmgen.out("  cld")
-        if(!options.dontReinitGlobals) {
-            blockVariableInitializers.forEach {
-                if (it.value.isNotEmpty())
-                    asmgen.out("  jsr  ${it.key.name}.prog8_init_vars")
-            }
+        asmgen.out("  cld |  tsx |  stx  prog8_lib.orig_stackpointer    ; required for sys.exit()")
+        // set full BSS area to zero
+        asmgen.out("""
+    .if  prog8_bss_section_size>0
+    ; reset all variables in BSS section to zero
+	lda  #<prog8_bss_section_start
+	ldy  #>prog8_bss_section_start
+	sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+	sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+	ldx  #<prog8_bss_section_size
+	ldy  #>prog8_bss_section_size
+	lda  #0
+	jsr  prog8_lib.memset
+    .endif""")
+
+        blockVariableInitializers.forEach {
+            if (it.value.isNotEmpty())
+                asmgen.out("  jsr  ${it.key.name}.prog8_init_vars")
         }
 
         // string and array variables in zeropage that have initializer value, should be initialized
@@ -420,21 +455,20 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
             arrayVariable2asm(varname, it.alloc.dt, it.value, null)
         }
 
-        asmgen.out("""+       tsx
-                    stx  prog8_lib.orig_stackpointer    ; required for sys.exit()                    
-                    ldx  #255       ; init estack ptr
+        asmgen.out("""+        
+                    ldx  #127       ; init estack ptr (half page)
                     clv
                     clc""")
     }
 
     private class ZpStringWithInitial(
-        val name: List<String>,
+        val name: String,
         val alloc: MemoryAllocator.VarAllocation,
         val value: Pair<String, Encoding>
     )
 
     private class ZpArrayWithInitial(
-        val name: List<String>,
+        val name: String,
         val alloc: MemoryAllocator.VarAllocation,
         val value: StArray
     )
@@ -443,9 +477,10 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         val result = mutableListOf<ZpStringWithInitial>()
         val vars = allocator.zeropageVars.filter { it.value.dt==DataType.STR }
         for (variable in vars) {
-            val svar = symboltable.flat.getValue(variable.key) as StStaticVariable
+            val scopedName = variable.key
+            val svar = symboltable.flat.getValue(scopedName) as StStaticVariable
             if(svar.onetimeInitializationStringValue!=null)
-                result.add(ZpStringWithInitial(variable.key, variable.value, svar.onetimeInitializationStringValue!!))
+                result.add(ZpStringWithInitial(scopedName, variable.value, svar.onetimeInitializationStringValue!!))
         }
         return result
     }
@@ -454,36 +489,69 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         val result = mutableListOf<ZpArrayWithInitial>()
         val vars = allocator.zeropageVars.filter { it.value.dt in ArrayDatatypes }
         for (variable in vars) {
-            val svar = symboltable.flat.getValue(variable.key) as StStaticVariable
+            val scopedName = variable.key
+            val svar = symboltable.flat.getValue(scopedName) as StStaticVariable
             if(svar.onetimeInitializationArrayValue!=null)
-                result.add(ZpArrayWithInitial(variable.key, variable.value, svar.onetimeInitializationArrayValue!!))
+                result.add(ZpArrayWithInitial(scopedName, variable.value, svar.onetimeInitializationArrayValue!!))
         }
         return result
     }
 
-    private fun zeropagevars2asm(varNames: Set<List<String>>) {
-        val zpVariables = allocator.zeropageVars.filter { it.key in varNames }
+    private fun zeropagevars2asm(varNames: Set<String>) {
+        val zpVariables = allocator.zeropageVars.filter { it.key in varNames }.toList().sortedBy { it.second.address }
         for ((scopedName, zpvar) in zpVariables) {
-            if (scopedName.size == 2 && scopedName[0] == "cx16" && scopedName[1][0] == 'r' && scopedName[1][1].isDigit())
+            if (scopedName.startsWith("cx16.r"))
                 continue        // The 16 virtual registers of the cx16 are not actual variables in zp, they're memory mapped
-            asmgen.out("${scopedName.last()} \t= ${zpvar.address} \t; zp ${zpvar.dt}")
+            asmgen.out("${scopedName.substringAfterLast('.')} \t= ${zpvar.address} \t; zp ${zpvar.dt}")
         }
     }
 
     private fun nonZpVariables2asm(variables: List<StStaticVariable>) {
         asmgen.out("")
-        asmgen.out("; non-zeropage variables")
-        val (stringvars, othervars) = variables.partition { it.dt==DataType.STR }
-        stringvars.forEach {
-            outputStringvar(it.name, it.onetimeInitializationStringValue!!.second, it.onetimeInitializationStringValue!!.first)
+        val (varsNoInit, varsWithInit) = variables.partition { it.uninitialized }
+        if(varsNoInit.isNotEmpty()) {
+            asmgen.out("; non-zeropage variables without initialization value")
+            asmgen.out("  .section BSS")
+            varsNoInit.sortedWith(compareBy<StStaticVariable> { it.name }.thenBy { it.dt }).forEach {
+                uninitializedVariable2asm(it)
+            }
+            asmgen.out("  .send BSS")
         }
-        othervars.sortedBy { it.type }.forEach {
-            staticVariable2asm(it)
+
+        if(varsWithInit.isNotEmpty()) {
+            asmgen.out("; non-zeropage variables")
+            val (stringvars, othervars) = varsWithInit.sortedBy { it.name }.partition { it.dt == DataType.STR }
+            stringvars.forEach {
+                outputStringvar(
+                    it.name,
+                    it.onetimeInitializationStringValue!!.second,
+                    it.onetimeInitializationStringValue!!.first
+                )
+            }
+            othervars.sortedBy { it.type }.forEach {
+                staticVariable2asm(it)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun uninitializedVariable2asm(variable: StStaticVariable) {
+        when (variable.dt) {
+            DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.byte  ?")
+            DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.char  ?")
+            DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.word  ?")
+            DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.sint  ?")
+            DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.fill  ${compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE}")
+            in ArrayDatatypes -> {
+                val numbytes = compTarget.memorySize(variable.dt, variable.length!!)
+                asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.fill  $numbytes")
+            }
+            else -> {
+                throw AssemblyError("weird dt")
+            }
         }
     }
 
     private fun staticVariable2asm(variable: StStaticVariable) {
-        val name = variable.name
         val initialValue: Number =
             if(variable.onetimeInitializationNumericValue!=null) {
                 if(variable.dt== DataType.FLOAT)
@@ -493,22 +561,22 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
             } else 0
 
         when (variable.dt) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("$name\t.byte  ${initialValue.toHex()}")
-            DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("$name\t.char  $initialValue")
-            DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("$name\t.word  ${initialValue.toHex()}")
-            DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("$name\t.sint  $initialValue")
+            DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.byte  ${initialValue.toHex()}")
+            DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.char  $initialValue")
+            DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.word  ${initialValue.toHex()}")
+            DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.sint  $initialValue")
             DataType.FLOAT -> {
                 if(initialValue==0) {
-                    asmgen.out("$name\t.byte  0,0,0,0,0  ; float")
+                    asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.byte  0,0,0,0,0  ; float")
                 } else {
                     val floatFill = compTarget.machine.getFloatAsmBytes(initialValue)
-                    asmgen.out("$name\t.byte  $floatFill  ; float $initialValue")
+                    asmgen.out("${variable.name}\t.byte  $floatFill  ; float $initialValue")
                 }
             }
             DataType.STR -> {
                 throw AssemblyError("all string vars should have been interned into prog")
             }
-            in ArrayDatatypes -> arrayVariable2asm(name, variable.dt, variable.onetimeInitializationArrayValue, variable.length)
+            in ArrayDatatypes -> arrayVariable2asm(variable.name, variable.dt, variable.onetimeInitializationArrayValue, variable.length)
             else -> {
                 throw AssemblyError("weird dt")
             }
@@ -579,10 +647,10 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
     }
 
     private fun memdefsAndConsts2asm(memvars: Collection<StMemVar>, consts: Collection<StConstant>) {
-        memvars.forEach {
+        memvars.sortedBy { it.address }.forEach {
             asmgen.out("  ${it.name} = ${it.address.toHex()}")
         }
-        consts.forEach {
+        consts.sortedBy { it.name }.forEach {
             if(it.dt==DataType.FLOAT)
                 asmgen.out("  ${it.name} = ${it.value}")
             else
@@ -590,12 +658,12 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
         }
     }
 
-    private fun asmsubs2asm(statements: List<Statement>) {
+    private fun asmsubs2asm(statements: List<PtNode>) {
         statements
-            .filter { it is Subroutine && it.isAsmSubroutine && it.asmAddress!=null }
+            .filter { it is PtAsmSub && it.address!=null }
             .forEach { asmsub ->
-                asmsub as Subroutine
-                asmgen.out("  ${asmsub.name} = ${asmsub.asmAddress!!.toHex()}")
+                asmsub as PtAsmSub
+                asmgen.out("  ${asmsub.name} = ${asmsub.address!!.toHex()}")
             }
     }
 
@@ -620,8 +688,8 @@ internal class ProgramAndVarsGen(
                 if(it.number!=null) {
                     "$" + it.number!!.toInt().toString(16).padStart(4, '0')
                 }
-                else if(it.addressOf!=null) {
-                    asmgen.asmSymbolName(it.addressOf!!)
+                else if(it.addressOfSymbol!=null) {
+                    asmgen.asmSymbolName(it.addressOfSymbol!!)
                 }
                 else
                     throw AssemblyError("weird array elt")

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/VariableAllocator.kt

@@ -16,13 +16,14 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
 
     private val zeropage = options.compTarget.machine.zeropage
     internal val globalFloatConsts = mutableMapOf<Double, String>()     // all float values in the entire program (value -> varname)
-    internal val zeropageVars: Map<List<String>, MemoryAllocator.VarAllocation> = zeropage.allocatedVariables
+    internal val zeropageVars: Map<String, MemoryAllocator.VarAllocation>
 
     init {
         allocateZeropageVariables()
+        zeropageVars = zeropage.allocatedVariables
     }
 
-    internal fun isZpVar(scopedName: List<String>) = scopedName in zeropage.allocatedVariables
+    internal fun isZpVar(scopedName: String) = scopedName in zeropageVars
 
     internal fun getFloatAsmConst(number: Double): String {
         val asmName = globalFloatConsts[number]
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
                 variable.scopedName,
                 variable.dt,
                 variable.length,
-                variable.position,
+                variable.astNode.position,
                 errors
             )
             result.fold(
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
                     numVariablesAllocatedInZP++
                 },
                 failure = {
-                    errors.err(it.message!!, variable.position)
+                    errors.err(it.message!!, variable.astNode.position)
                 }
             )
         }
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
                     variable.scopedName,
                     variable.dt,
                     variable.length,
-                    variable.position,
+                    variable.astNode.position,
                     errors
                 )
                 result.onSuccess { numVariablesAllocatedInZP++ }
@@ -88,7 +89,8 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
             // try to allocate any other interger variables into the zeropage until it is full.
             // TODO some form of intelligent priorization? most often used variables first? loopcounter vars first? ...?
             if(errors.noErrors()) {
-                for (variable in varsDontCare.sortedBy { it.scopedName.size }) {
+                val sortedList = varsDontCare.sortedByDescending { it.scopedName }
+                for (variable in sortedList) {
                     if(variable.dt in IntegerDatatypes) {
                         if(zeropage.free.isEmpty()) {
                             break
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
                                 variable.scopedName,
                                 variable.dt,
                                 variable.length,
-                                variable.position,
+                                variable.astNode.position,
                                 errors
                             )
                             result.onSuccess { numVariablesAllocatedInZP++ }
@@ -124,6 +126,6 @@ internal class VariableAllocator(private val symboltable: SymbolTable,
             }
         }
         collect(st)
-        return vars
+        return vars.sortedBy { it.dt }
     }
 }

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/assignment/AsmAssignment.kt

@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.AssignTarget
-import prog8.ast.statements.Assignment
-import prog8.ast.statements.DirectMemoryWrite
-import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
+import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.AsmGen
+import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.AsmGen6502Internal
+import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.returnsWhatWhere
 
 
 internal enum class TargetStorageKind {
@@ -29,25 +25,25 @@ internal enum class SourceStorageKind {
 }
 
 internal class AsmAssignTarget(val kind: TargetStorageKind,
-                               private val asmgen: AsmGen,
+                               private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal,
                                val datatype: DataType,
-                               val scope: Subroutine?,
+                               val scope: IPtSubroutine?,
                                private val variableAsmName: String? = null,
-                               val array: ArrayIndexedExpression? = null,
-                               val memory: DirectMemoryWrite? = null,
+                               val array: PtArrayIndexer? = null,
+                               val memory: PtMemoryByte? = null,
                                val register: RegisterOrPair? = null,
-                               val origAstTarget: AssignTarget? = null
+                               val origAstTarget: PtAssignTarget? = null
                                )
 {
-    val constArrayIndexValue by lazy { array?.indexer?.constIndex()?.toUInt() }
+    val constArrayIndexValue by lazy { array?.index?.asConstInteger()?.toUInt() }
     val asmVarname: String by lazy {
         if (array == null)
             variableAsmName!!
         else
-            asmgen.asmVariableName(array.arrayvar)
+            asmgen.asmVariableName(array.variable)
     }
 
-    lateinit var origAssign: AsmAssignment
+    lateinit var origAssign: AsmAssignmentBase
 
     init {
         if(register!=null && datatype !in NumericDatatypes)
@@ -55,33 +51,31 @@ internal class AsmAssignTarget(val kind: TargetStorageKind,
     }
 
     companion object {
-        fun fromAstAssignment(assign: Assignment, program: Program, asmgen: AsmGen): AsmAssignTarget {
-            with(assign.target) {
-                val idt = inferType(program)
-                val dt = idt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
+        fun fromAstAssignment(target: PtAssignTarget, definingSub: IPtSubroutine?, asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal): AsmAssignTarget {
+            with(target) {
                 when {
                     identifier != null -> {
-                        val parameter = identifier!!.targetVarDecl(program)?.subroutineParameter
+                        val parameter = asmgen.findSubroutineParameter(identifier!!.name, asmgen)
                         if (parameter!=null) {
-                            val sub = parameter.definingSubroutine!!
-                            if (sub.isAsmSubroutine) {
-                                val reg = sub.asmParameterRegisters[sub.parameters.indexOf(parameter)]
+                            val sub = parameter.definingAsmSub()
+                            if (sub!=null) {
+                                val reg = sub.parameters.single { it.second===parameter }.first
                                 if(reg.statusflag!=null)
                                     throw AssemblyError("can't assign value to processor statusflag directly")
                                 else
-                                    return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, register=reg.registerOrPair, origAstTarget = this)
+                                    return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, asmgen, type, definingSub, register=reg.registerOrPair, origAstTarget = this)
                             }
                         }
-                        return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, variableAsmName = asmgen.asmVariableName(identifier!!), origAstTarget =  this)
+                        return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, asmgen, type, definingSub, variableAsmName = asmgen.asmVariableName(identifier!!), origAstTarget =  this)
                     }
-                    arrayindexed != null -> return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.ARRAY, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, array = arrayindexed, origAstTarget =  this)
-                    memoryAddress != null -> return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.MEMORY, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, memory =  memoryAddress, origAstTarget =  this)
+                    array != null -> return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.ARRAY, asmgen, type, definingSub, array = array, origAstTarget =  this)
+                    memory != null -> return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.MEMORY, asmgen, type, definingSub, memory =  memory, origAstTarget =  this)
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target")
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        fun fromRegisters(registers: RegisterOrPair, signed: Boolean, scope: Subroutine?, asmgen: AsmGen): AsmAssignTarget =
+        fun fromRegisters(registers: RegisterOrPair, signed: Boolean, scope: IPtSubroutine?, asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal): AsmAssignTarget =
                 when(registers) {
                     RegisterOrPair.A,
                     RegisterOrPair.X,
@@ -112,69 +106,66 @@ internal class AsmAssignTarget(val kind: TargetStorageKind,
 }
 
 internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
-                               private val program: Program,
-                               private val asmgen: AsmGen,
+                               private val program: PtProgram,
+                               private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal,
                                val datatype: DataType,
                                private val variableAsmName: String? = null,
-                               val array: ArrayIndexedExpression? = null,
-                               val memory: DirectMemoryRead? = null,
+                               val array: PtArrayIndexer? = null,
+                               val memory: PtMemoryByte? = null,
                                val register: RegisterOrPair? = null,
-                               val number: NumericLiteral? = null,
-                               val expression: Expression? = null
+                               val number: PtNumber? = null,
+                               val expression: PtExpression? = null
 )
 {
     val asmVarname: String
         get() = if(array==null)
             variableAsmName!!
         else
-            asmgen.asmVariableName(array.arrayvar)
+            asmgen.asmVariableName(array.variable)
 
     companion object {
-        fun fromAstSource(value: Expression, program: Program, asmgen: AsmGen): AsmAssignSource {
-            val cv = value.constValue(program)
+        fun fromAstSource(value: PtExpression, program: PtProgram, asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal): AsmAssignSource {
+            val cv = value as? PtNumber
             if(cv!=null)
                 return AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.LITERALNUMBER, program, asmgen, cv.type, number = cv)
 
             return when(value) {
-                is NumericLiteral -> throw AssemblyError("should have been constant value")
-                is StringLiteral -> throw AssemblyError("string literal value should not occur anymore for asm generation")
-                is ArrayLiteral -> throw AssemblyError("array literal value should not occur anymore for asm generation")
-                is IdentifierReference -> {
-                    val parameter = value.targetVarDecl(program)?.subroutineParameter
-                    if(parameter!=null && parameter.definingSubroutine!!.isAsmSubroutine)
+                // checked above:   is PtNumber -> throw AssemblyError("should have been constant value")
+                is PtString -> throw AssemblyError("string literal value should not occur anymore for asm generation")
+                is PtArray -> throw AssemblyError("array literal value should not occur anymore for asm generation")
+                is PtIdentifier -> {
+                    val parameter = asmgen.findSubroutineParameter(value.name, asmgen)
+                    if(parameter?.definingAsmSub() != null)
                         throw AssemblyError("can't assign from a asmsub register parameter $value ${value.position}")
-                    val dt = value.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
                     val varName=asmgen.asmVariableName(value)
                     // special case: "cx16.r[0-15]" are 16-bits virtual registers of the commander X16 system
-                    if(dt == DataType.UWORD && varName.lowercase().startsWith("cx16.r")) {
+                    if(value.type == DataType.UWORD && varName.lowercase().startsWith("cx16.r")) {
                         val regStr = varName.lowercase().substring(5)
                         val reg = RegisterOrPair.valueOf(regStr.uppercase())
-                        AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, dt, register = reg)
+                        AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, value.type, register = reg)
                     } else {
-                        AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, dt, variableAsmName = varName)
+                        AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, value.type, variableAsmName = varName)
                     }
                 }
-                is DirectMemoryRead -> {
+                is PtMemoryByte -> {
                     AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.MEMORY, program, asmgen, DataType.UBYTE, memory = value)
                 }
-                is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
-                    val dt = value.inferType(program).getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
-                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.ARRAY, program, asmgen, dt, array = value)
+                is PtArrayIndexer -> {
+                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.ARRAY, program, asmgen, value.type, array = value)
                 }
-                is BuiltinFunctionCall -> {
-                    val returnType = value.inferType(program)
-                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, returnType.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }, expression = value)
+                is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> {
+                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, value.type, expression = value)
                 }
-                is FunctionCallExpression -> {
-                    val sub = value.target.targetSubroutine(program)!!
-                    val returnType = sub.returntypes.zip(sub.asmReturnvaluesRegisters).firstOrNull { rr -> rr.second.registerOrPair != null || rr.second.statusflag!=null }?.first
+                is PtFunctionCall -> {
+                    val symbol = asmgen.symbolTable.lookup(value.name)
+                    val sub = symbol!!.astNode as IPtSubroutine
+                    val returnType = sub.returnsWhatWhere().firstOrNull { rr -> rr.first.registerOrPair != null || rr.first.statusflag!=null }?.second
                             ?: throw AssemblyError("can't translate zero return values in assignment")
 
                     AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, returnType, expression = value)
                 }
                 else -> {
-                    val returnType = value.inferType(program)
-                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, returnType.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }, expression = value)
+                    AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION, program, asmgen, value.type, expression = value)
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -199,17 +190,27 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
 }
 
 
-internal class AsmAssignment(val source: AsmAssignSource,
-                             val target: AsmAssignTarget,
-                             val isAugmentable: Boolean,
-                             memsizer: IMemSizer,
-                             val position: Position) {
-
+internal sealed class AsmAssignmentBase(val source: AsmAssignSource,
+                                        val target: AsmAssignTarget,
+                                        val memsizer: IMemSizer,
+                                        val position: Position) {
     init {
         if(target.register !in arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.XY, RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY))
             require(source.datatype != DataType.UNDEFINED) { "must not be placeholder/undefined datatype at $position" }
             require(memsizer.memorySize(source.datatype) <= memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)) {
-                "source dt size must be less or equal to target dt size at $position"
+                "source dt size must be less or equal to target dt size at $position srcdt=${source.datatype} targetdt=${target.datatype}"
             }
     }
 }
+
+internal class AsmAssignment(source: AsmAssignSource,
+                             target: AsmAssignTarget,
+                             memsizer: IMemSizer,
+                             position: Position): AsmAssignmentBase(source, target, memsizer, position)
+
+internal class AsmAugmentedAssignment(source: AsmAssignSource,
+                                      val operator: String,
+                                      target: AsmAssignTarget,
+                                      memsizer: IMemSizer,
+                                      position: Position): AsmAssignmentBase(source, target, memsizer, position)
+

codeGenCpu6502/src/prog8/codegen/cpu6502/assignment/AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen.kt

@@ -1,166 +1,71 @@
 package prog8.codegen.cpu6502.assignment
 
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
-import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
+import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.AsmGen
+import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.AsmGen6502Internal
 import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.VariableAllocator
 
 
-internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
+internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: PtProgram,
                                            private val assignmentAsmGen: AssignmentAsmGen,
-                                           private val asmgen: AsmGen,
+                                           private val asmgen: AsmGen6502Internal,
                                            private val allocator: VariableAllocator
 ) {
-    fun translate(assign: AsmAssignment) {
-        require(assign.isAugmentable)
-        require(assign.source.kind == SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION) {
-            "non-expression assign value should be handled elsewhere ${assign.position}"
-        }
+    fun translate(assign: AsmAugmentedAssignment) {
 
-        when (val value = assign.source.expression!!) {
-            is PrefixExpression -> {
-                // A = -A , A = +A, A = ~A, A = not A
-                when (value.operator) {
-                    "+" -> {}
-                    "-" -> inplaceNegate(assign, false)
-                    "~" -> inplaceInvert(assign)
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid prefix operator")
-                }
+        when(assign.operator) {
+            "-" -> {
+                val a2 = AsmAssignment(assign.source, assign.target, assign.memsizer, assign.position)
+                assignmentAsmGen.inplaceNegate(a2, false)
+            }
+            "~" -> {
+                val a2 = AsmAssignment(assign.source, assign.target, assign.memsizer, assign.position)
+                assignmentAsmGen.inplaceInvert(a2)
+            }
+            "+" -> { /* is a nop */ }
+            else -> {
+                if(assign.operator.endsWith('='))
+                    augmentedAssignExpr(assign)
+                else
+                    throw AssemblyError("invalid augmented assign operator ${assign.operator}")
             }
-            is TypecastExpression -> inplaceCast(assign.target, value, assign.position)
-            is BinaryExpression -> inplaceBinary(assign.target, value)
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid aug assign value type")
         }
     }
 
-    private fun inplaceBinary(target: AsmAssignTarget, binExpr: BinaryExpression) {
-        val astTarget = target.origAstTarget!!
-        if (binExpr.left isSameAs astTarget) {
-            // A = A <operator> Something
-            return inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, binExpr.right)
+    private fun augmentedAssignExpr(assign: AsmAugmentedAssignment) {
+        val srcValue = assign.source.toAstExpression(assign.target.scope as PtNamedNode)
+        when (assign.operator) {
+            "+=" -> inplaceModification(assign.target, "+", srcValue)
+            "-=" -> inplaceModification(assign.target, "-", srcValue)
+            "*=" -> inplaceModification(assign.target, "*", srcValue)
+            "/=" -> inplaceModification(assign.target, "/", srcValue)
+            "|=" -> inplaceModification(assign.target, "|", srcValue)
+            "&=" -> inplaceModification(assign.target, "&", srcValue)
+            "^=" -> inplaceModification(assign.target, "^", srcValue)
+            "<<=" -> inplaceModification(assign.target, "<<", srcValue)
+            ">>=" -> inplaceModification(assign.target, ">>", srcValue)
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid augmented assign operator ${assign.operator}")
         }
-
-        if (binExpr.operator in AssociativeOperators) {
-            if (binExpr.right isSameAs astTarget) {
-                // A = 5 <operator> A
-                return inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, binExpr.left)
-            }
-
-            val leftBinExpr = binExpr.left as? BinaryExpression
-            if (leftBinExpr?.operator == binExpr.operator) {
-                // TODO better optimize the chained asm to avoid intermediate stores/loads?
-                when {
-                    binExpr.right isSameAs astTarget -> {
-                        // A = (x <associative-operator> y) <same-operator> A
-                        inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, leftBinExpr.left)
-                        inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, leftBinExpr.right)
-                        return
-                    }
-                    leftBinExpr.left isSameAs astTarget -> {
-                        // A = (A <associative-operator> x) <same-operator> y
-                        inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, leftBinExpr.right)
-                        inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, binExpr.right)
-                        return
-                    }
-                    leftBinExpr.right isSameAs astTarget -> {
-                        // A = (x <associative-operator> A) <same-operator> y
-                        inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, leftBinExpr.left)
-                        inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, binExpr.right)
-                        return
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            val rightBinExpr = binExpr.right as? BinaryExpression
-            if (rightBinExpr?.operator == binExpr.operator) {
-                when {
-                    binExpr.left isSameAs astTarget -> {
-                        // A = A <associative-operator> (x <same-operator> y)
-                        inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, rightBinExpr.left)
-                        inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, rightBinExpr.right)
-                        return
-                    }
-                    rightBinExpr.left isSameAs astTarget -> {
-                        // A = y <associative-operator> (A <same-operator> x)
-                        inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, binExpr.left)
-                        inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, rightBinExpr.right)
-                        return
-                    }
-                    rightBinExpr.right isSameAs astTarget -> {
-                        // A = y <associative-operator> (x <same-operator> y)
-                        inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, binExpr.left)
-                        inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, rightBinExpr.left)
-                        return
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        val leftBinExpr = binExpr.left as? BinaryExpression
-        val rightBinExpr = binExpr.right as? BinaryExpression
-        if(leftBinExpr!=null && rightBinExpr==null) {
-            if(leftBinExpr.left isSameAs astTarget) {
-                // X = (X <oper> Right) <oper> Something
-                inplaceModification(target, leftBinExpr.operator, leftBinExpr.right)
-                inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, binExpr.right)
-                return
-            }
-            if(leftBinExpr.right isSameAs astTarget) {
-                // X = (Left <oper> X) <oper> Something
-                if(leftBinExpr.operator in AssociativeOperators) {
-                    inplaceModification(target, leftBinExpr.operator, leftBinExpr.left)
-                    inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, binExpr.right)
-                    return
-                } else {
-                    throw AssemblyError("operands in wrong order for non-associative operator")
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if(leftBinExpr==null && rightBinExpr!=null) {
-            if(rightBinExpr.left isSameAs astTarget) {
-                // X = Something <oper> (X <oper> Right)
-                if(binExpr.operator in AssociativeOperators) {
-                    inplaceModification(target, rightBinExpr.operator, rightBinExpr.right)
-                    inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, binExpr.left)
-                    return
-                } else {
-                    throw AssemblyError("operands in wrong order for non-associative operator")
-                }
-            }
-            if(rightBinExpr.right isSameAs astTarget) {
-                // X = Something <oper> (Left <oper> X)
-                if(binExpr.operator in AssociativeOperators && rightBinExpr.operator in AssociativeOperators) {
-                    inplaceModification(target, rightBinExpr.operator, rightBinExpr.left)
-                    inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, binExpr.left)
-                    return
-                } else {
-                    throw AssemblyError("operands in wrong order for non-associative operator")
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        throw FatalAstException("assignment should follow augmentable rules $binExpr")
     }
 
-    private fun inplaceModification(target: AsmAssignTarget, operator: String, origValue: Expression) {
+    private fun inplaceModification(target: AsmAssignTarget, operator: String, origValue: PtExpression) {
 
         // the asm-gen code can deal with situations where you want to assign a byte into a word.
         // it will create the most optimized code to do this (so it type-extends for us).
         // But we can't deal with writing a word into a byte - explicit typeconversion is required
-        val value = if(program.memsizer.memorySize(origValue.inferType(program).getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }) > program.memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)) {
-            val typecast = TypecastExpression(origValue, target.datatype, true, origValue.position)
-            typecast.linkParents(origValue.parent)
+        val value = if(program.memsizer.memorySize(origValue.type) > program.memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)) {
+            val typecast = PtTypeCast(target.datatype, origValue.position)
+            typecast.add(origValue)
+            require(typecast.type!=origValue.type)
             typecast
         }
         else {
             origValue
         }
 
-        val valueLv = (value as? NumericLiteral)?.number
-        val ident = value as? IdentifierReference
-        val memread = value as? DirectMemoryRead
+        val valueLv = (value as? PtNumber)?.number
+        val ident = value as? PtIdentifier
+        val memread = value as? PtMemoryByte
 
         when (target.kind) {
             TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
@@ -170,7 +75,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             valueLv != null -> inplaceModification_byte_litval_to_variable(target.asmVarname, target.datatype, operator, valueLv.toInt())
                             ident != null -> inplaceModification_byte_variable_to_variable(target.asmVarname, target.datatype, operator, ident)
                             memread != null -> inplaceModification_byte_memread_to_variable(target.asmVarname, target.datatype, operator, memread)
-                            value is TypecastExpression -> {
+                            value is PtTypeCast -> {
                                 if (tryInplaceModifyWithRemovedRedundantCast(value, target, operator)) return
                                 inplaceModification_byte_value_to_variable(target.asmVarname, target.datatype, operator, value)
                             }
@@ -182,7 +87,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             valueLv != null -> inplaceModification_word_litval_to_variable(target.asmVarname, target.datatype, operator, valueLv.toInt())
                             ident != null -> inplaceModification_word_variable_to_variable(target.asmVarname, target.datatype, operator, ident)
                             memread != null -> inplaceModification_word_memread_to_variable(target.asmVarname, target.datatype, operator, memread)
-                            value is TypecastExpression -> {
+                            value is PtTypeCast -> {
                                 if (tryInplaceModifyWithRemovedRedundantCast(value, target, operator))
                                     return
                                 inplaceModification_word_value_to_variable(target.asmVarname, target.datatype, operator, value)
@@ -194,7 +99,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         when {
                             valueLv != null -> inplaceModification_float_litval_to_variable(target.asmVarname, operator, valueLv.toDouble(), target.scope!!)
                             ident != null -> inplaceModification_float_variable_to_variable(target.asmVarname, operator, ident, target.scope!!)
-                            value is TypecastExpression -> {
+                            value is PtTypeCast -> {
                                 if (tryInplaceModifyWithRemovedRedundantCast(value, target, operator)) return
                                 inplaceModification_float_value_to_variable(target.asmVarname, operator, value, target.scope!!)
                             }
@@ -206,27 +111,27 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
             TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> {
                 val memory = target.memory!!
-                when (memory.addressExpression) {
-                    is NumericLiteral -> {
-                        val addr = (memory.addressExpression as NumericLiteral).number.toInt()
+                when (memory.address) {
+                    is PtNumber -> {
+                        val addr = (memory.address as PtNumber).number.toInt()
                         // re-use code to assign a variable, instead this time, use a direct memory address
                         when {
                             valueLv != null -> inplaceModification_byte_litval_to_variable(addr.toHex(), DataType.UBYTE, operator, valueLv.toInt())
                             ident != null -> inplaceModification_byte_variable_to_variable(addr.toHex(), DataType.UBYTE, operator, ident)
                             memread != null -> inplaceModification_byte_memread_to_variable(addr.toHex(), DataType.UBYTE, operator, value)
-                            value is TypecastExpression -> {
+                            value is PtTypeCast -> {
                                 if (tryInplaceModifyWithRemovedRedundantCast(value, target, operator)) return
                                 inplaceModification_byte_value_to_variable(addr.toHex(), DataType.UBYTE, operator, value)
                             }
                             else -> inplaceModification_byte_value_to_variable(addr.toHex(), DataType.UBYTE, operator, value)
                         }
                     }
-                    is IdentifierReference -> {
-                        val pointer = memory.addressExpression as IdentifierReference
+                    is PtIdentifier -> {
+                        val pointer = memory.address as PtIdentifier
                         when {
                             valueLv != null -> inplaceModification_byte_litval_to_pointer(pointer, operator, valueLv.toInt())
                             ident != null -> inplaceModification_byte_variable_to_pointer(pointer, operator, ident)
-                            value is TypecastExpression -> {
+                            value is PtTypeCast -> {
                                 if (tryInplaceModifyWithRemovedRedundantCast(value, target, operator)) return
                                 inplaceModification_byte_value_to_pointer(pointer, operator, value)
                             }
@@ -235,13 +140,13 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     }
                     else -> {
                         // TODO use some other evaluation here; don't use the estack to transfer the address to read/write from
-                        asmgen.assignExpressionTo(memory.addressExpression, AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.STACK, asmgen, DataType.UWORD, memory.definingSubroutine))
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionTo(memory.address, AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.STACK, asmgen, DataType.UWORD, memory.definingISub()))
                         asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.read_byte_from_address_on_stack |  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
                         when {
                             valueLv != null -> inplaceModification_byte_litval_to_variable("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, operator, valueLv.toInt())
                             ident != null -> inplaceModification_byte_variable_to_variable("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, operator, ident)
                             memread != null -> inplaceModification_byte_memread_to_variable("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, operator, memread)
-                            value is TypecastExpression -> {
+                            value is PtTypeCast -> {
                                 if (tryInplaceModifyWithRemovedRedundantCast(value, target, operator)) return
                                 inplaceModification_byte_value_to_variable("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, operator, value)
                             }
@@ -252,91 +157,89 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 }
             }
             TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
-                with(target.array!!.indexer) {
-                    val indexNum = indexExpr as? NumericLiteral
-                    val indexVar = indexExpr as? IdentifierReference
-                    when {
-                        indexNum!=null -> {
-                            val targetVarName = "${target.asmVarname} + ${indexNum.number.toInt()*program.memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)}"
-                            when (target.datatype) {
-                                in ByteDatatypes -> {
-                                    when {
-                                        valueLv != null -> inplaceModification_byte_litval_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, valueLv.toInt())
-                                        ident != null -> inplaceModification_byte_variable_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, ident)
-                                        memread != null -> inplaceModification_byte_memread_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, memread)
-                                        value is TypecastExpression -> {
-                                            if (tryInplaceModifyWithRemovedRedundantCast(value, target, operator)) return
-                                            inplaceModification_byte_value_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, value)
-                                        }
-                                        else -> inplaceModification_byte_value_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, value)
+                val indexNum = target.array!!.index as? PtNumber
+                val indexVar = target.array.index as? PtIdentifier
+                when {
+                    indexNum!=null -> {
+                        val targetVarName = "${target.asmVarname} + ${indexNum.number.toInt()*program.memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)}"
+                        when (target.datatype) {
+                            in ByteDatatypes -> {
+                                when {
+                                    valueLv != null -> inplaceModification_byte_litval_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, valueLv.toInt())
+                                    ident != null -> inplaceModification_byte_variable_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, ident)
+                                    memread != null -> inplaceModification_byte_memread_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, memread)
+                                    value is PtTypeCast -> {
+                                        if (tryInplaceModifyWithRemovedRedundantCast(value, target, operator)) return
+                                        inplaceModification_byte_value_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, value)
                                     }
+                                    else -> inplaceModification_byte_value_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, value)
                                 }
-                                in WordDatatypes -> {
-                                    when {
-                                        valueLv != null -> inplaceModification_word_litval_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, valueLv.toInt())
-                                        ident != null -> inplaceModification_word_variable_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, ident)
-                                        memread != null -> inplaceModification_word_memread_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, memread)
-                                        value is TypecastExpression -> {
-                                            if (tryInplaceModifyWithRemovedRedundantCast(value, target, operator)) return
-                                            inplaceModification_word_value_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, value)
-                                        }
-                                        else -> inplaceModification_word_value_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, value)
-                                    }
-                                }
-                                DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                                    when {
-                                        valueLv != null -> inplaceModification_float_litval_to_variable(targetVarName, operator, valueLv.toDouble(), target.scope!!)
-                                        ident != null -> inplaceModification_float_variable_to_variable(targetVarName, operator, ident, target.scope!!)
-                                        value is TypecastExpression -> {
-                                            if (tryInplaceModifyWithRemovedRedundantCast(value, target, operator)) return
-                                            inplaceModification_float_value_to_variable(targetVarName, operator, value, target.scope!!)
-                                        }
-                                        else -> inplaceModification_float_value_to_variable(targetVarName, operator, value, target.scope!!)
-                                    }
-                                }
-                                else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type to do in-place modification on ${target.datatype}")
                             }
-                        }
-                        indexVar!=null -> {
-                            when (target.datatype) {
-                                in ByteDatatypes -> {
-                                    val tgt =
-                                        AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(
-                                            RegisterOrPair.A,
-                                            target.datatype == DataType.BYTE, null,
-                                            asmgen
-                                        )
-                                    val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, false, program.memsizer, value.position)
-                                    assignmentAsmGen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
-                                    assignmentAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(target, CpuRegister.A)
+                            in WordDatatypes -> {
+                                when {
+                                    valueLv != null -> inplaceModification_word_litval_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, valueLv.toInt())
+                                    ident != null -> inplaceModification_word_variable_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, ident)
+                                    memread != null -> inplaceModification_word_memread_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, memread)
+                                    value is PtTypeCast -> {
+                                        if (tryInplaceModifyWithRemovedRedundantCast(value, target, operator)) return
+                                        inplaceModification_word_value_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, value)
+                                    }
+                                    else -> inplaceModification_word_value_to_variable(targetVarName, target.datatype, operator, value)
                                 }
-                                in WordDatatypes -> {
-                                    val tgt =
-                                        AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(
-                                            RegisterOrPair.AY,
-                                            target.datatype == DataType.WORD, null,
-                                            asmgen
-                                        )
-                                    val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, false, program.memsizer, value.position)
-                                    assignmentAsmGen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
-                                    assignmentAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(target, RegisterOrPair.AY)
-                                }
-                                DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                                    val tgt =
-                                        AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(
-                                            RegisterOrPair.FAC1,
-                                            true, null,
-                                            asmgen
-                                        )
-                                    val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, false, program.memsizer, value.position)
-                                    assignmentAsmGen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
-                                    assignmentAsmGen.assignFAC1float(target)
-                                }
-                                else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type to do in-place modification on ${target.datatype}")
                             }
+                            DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                                when {
+                                    valueLv != null -> inplaceModification_float_litval_to_variable(targetVarName, operator, valueLv.toDouble(), target.scope!!)
+                                    ident != null -> inplaceModification_float_variable_to_variable(targetVarName, operator, ident, target.scope!!)
+                                    value is PtTypeCast -> {
+                                        if (tryInplaceModifyWithRemovedRedundantCast(value, target, operator)) return
+                                        inplaceModification_float_value_to_variable(targetVarName, operator, value, target.scope!!)
+                                    }
+                                    else -> inplaceModification_float_value_to_variable(targetVarName, operator, value, target.scope!!)
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type to do in-place modification on ${target.datatype}")
                         }
-                        else -> throw AssemblyError("indexer expression should have been replaced by auto indexer var")
                     }
+                    indexVar!=null -> {
+                        when (target.datatype) {
+                            in ByteDatatypes -> {
+                                val tgt =
+                                    AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(
+                                        RegisterOrPair.A,
+                                        target.datatype == DataType.BYTE, null,
+                                        asmgen
+                                    )
+                                val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, program.memsizer, value.position)
+                                assignmentAsmGen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
+                                assignmentAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(target, CpuRegister.A)
+                            }
+                            in WordDatatypes -> {
+                                val tgt =
+                                    AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(
+                                        RegisterOrPair.AY,
+                                        target.datatype == DataType.WORD, null,
+                                        asmgen
+                                    )
+                                val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, program.memsizer, value.position)
+                                assignmentAsmGen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
+                                assignmentAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(target, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                            }
+                            DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                                val tgt =
+                                    AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(
+                                        RegisterOrPair.FAC1,
+                                        true, null,
+                                        asmgen
+                                    )
+                                val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, program.memsizer, value.position)
+                                assignmentAsmGen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
+                                assignmentAsmGen.assignFAC1float(target)
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type to do in-place modification on ${target.datatype}")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("indexer expression should have been replaced by auto indexer var")
                 }
             }
             TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for reg in-place modification")
@@ -344,21 +247,20 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun tryInplaceModifyWithRemovedRedundantCast(value: TypecastExpression, target: AsmAssignTarget, operator: String): Boolean {
+    private fun tryInplaceModifyWithRemovedRedundantCast(value: PtTypeCast, target: AsmAssignTarget, operator: String): Boolean {
         if (target.datatype == value.type) {
-            val childIDt = value.expression.inferType(program)
-            val childDt = childIDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
+            val childDt = value.value.type
             if (value.type!=DataType.FLOAT && (value.type.equalsSize(childDt) || value.type.largerThan(childDt))) {
                 // this typecast is redundant here; the rest of the code knows how to deal with the uncasted value.
                 // (works for integer types, not for float.)
-                inplaceModification(target, operator, value.expression)
+                inplaceModification(target, operator, value.value)
                 return true
             }
         }
         return false
     }
 
-    private fun inplaceModification_byte_value_to_pointer(pointervar: IdentifierReference, operator: String, value: Expression) {
+    private fun inplaceModification_byte_value_to_pointer(pointervar: PtIdentifier, operator: String, value: PtExpression) {
         asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, null)
         val sourceName = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
         when (operator) {
@@ -394,7 +296,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         asmgen.storeAIntoZpPointerVar(sourceName)
     }
 
-    private fun inplaceModification_byte_variable_to_pointer(pointervar: IdentifierReference, operator: String, value: IdentifierReference) {
+    private fun inplaceModification_byte_variable_to_pointer(pointervar: PtIdentifier, operator: String, value: PtIdentifier) {
         val otherName = asmgen.asmVariableName(value)
         val sourceName = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(pointervar)
 
@@ -431,7 +333,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         asmgen.storeAIntoZpPointerVar(sourceName)
     }
 
-    private fun inplaceModification_byte_litval_to_pointer(pointervar: IdentifierReference, operator: String, value: Int) {
+    private fun inplaceModification_byte_litval_to_pointer(pointervar: PtIdentifier, operator: String, value: Int) {
         when (operator) {
             // note: ** (power) operator requires floats.
             "+" -> {
@@ -499,7 +401,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun inplaceModification_byte_value_to_variable(name: String, dt: DataType, operator: String, value: Expression) {
+    private fun inplaceModification_byte_value_to_variable(name: String, dt: DataType, operator: String, value: PtExpression) {
         // this should be the last resort for code generation for this,
         // because the value is evaluated onto the eval stack (=slow).
         when (operator) {
@@ -594,7 +496,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun inplaceModification_byte_variable_to_variable(name: String, dt: DataType, operator: String, ident: IdentifierReference) {
+    private fun inplaceModification_byte_variable_to_variable(name: String, dt: DataType, operator: String, ident: PtIdentifier) {
         val otherName = asmgen.asmVariableName(ident)
         when (operator) {
             // note: ** (power) operator requires floats.
@@ -762,7 +664,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun inplaceModification_byte_memread_to_variable(name: String, dt: DataType, operator: String, memread: DirectMemoryRead) {
+    private fun inplaceModification_byte_memread_to_variable(name: String, dt: DataType, operator: String, memread: PtMemoryByte) {
         when (operator) {
             "+" -> {
                 asmgen.translateDirectMemReadExpressionToRegAorStack(memread, false)
@@ -799,7 +701,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun inplaceModification_word_memread_to_variable(name: String, dt: DataType, operator: String, memread: DirectMemoryRead) {
+    private fun inplaceModification_word_memread_to_variable(name: String, dt: DataType, operator: String, memread: PtMemoryByte) {
         when (operator) {
             "+" -> {
                 asmgen.translateDirectMemReadExpressionToRegAorStack(memread, false)
@@ -1111,9 +1013,9 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun inplaceModification_word_variable_to_variable(name: String, dt: DataType, operator: String, ident: IdentifierReference) {
+    private fun inplaceModification_word_variable_to_variable(name: String, dt: DataType, operator: String, ident: PtIdentifier) {
         val otherName = asmgen.asmVariableName(ident)
-        when (val valueDt = ident.targetVarDecl(program)!!.datatype) {
+        when (val valueDt = ident.type) {
             in ByteDatatypes -> {
                 // the other variable is a BYTE type so optimize for that
                 when (operator) {
@@ -1356,12 +1258,10 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun inplaceModification_word_value_to_variable(name: String, dt: DataType, operator: String, value: Expression) {
+    private fun inplaceModification_word_value_to_variable(name: String, dt: DataType, operator: String, value: PtExpression) {
         // this should be the last resort for code generation for this,
         // because the value is evaluated onto the eval stack (=slow).
 
-        val valueiDt = value.inferType(program)
-        val valueDt = valueiDt.getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("unknown dt") }
 
         fun multiplyVarByWordInAY() {
             asmgen.out("""
@@ -1410,7 +1310,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             """)
         }
 
-        when (valueDt) {
+        when (val valueDt = value.type) {
             in ByteDatatypes -> {
                 // the other variable is a BYTE type so optimize for that
                 when (operator) {
@@ -1581,7 +1481,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun inplaceModification_float_value_to_variable(name: String, operator: String, value: Expression, scope: Subroutine) {
+    private fun inplaceModification_float_value_to_variable(name: String, operator: String, value: PtExpression, scope: IPtSubroutine) {
         asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.FAC1)
         asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, scope)
         when (operator) {
@@ -1623,8 +1523,8 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
     }
 
-    private fun inplaceModification_float_variable_to_variable(name: String, operator: String, ident: IdentifierReference, scope: Subroutine) {
-        val valueDt = ident.targetVarDecl(program)!!.datatype
+    private fun inplaceModification_float_variable_to_variable(name: String, operator: String, ident: PtIdentifier, scope: IPtSubroutine) {
+        val valueDt = ident.type
         if(valueDt != DataType.FLOAT)
             throw AssemblyError("float variable expected")
 
@@ -1682,7 +1582,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
     }
 
-    private fun inplaceModification_float_litval_to_variable(name: String, operator: String, value: Double, scope: Subroutine) {
+    private fun inplaceModification_float_litval_to_variable(name: String, operator: String, value: Double, scope: IPtSubroutine) {
         val constValueName = allocator.getFloatAsmConst(value)
         asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, scope)
         when (operator) {
@@ -1743,259 +1643,50 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         """)
         asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
     }
-
-    private fun inplaceCast(target: AsmAssignTarget, cast: TypecastExpression, position: Position) {
-        val outerCastDt = cast.type
-        val innerCastDt = (cast.expression as? TypecastExpression)?.type
-        if (innerCastDt == null) {
-            // simple typecast where the value is the target
-            when (target.datatype) {
-                DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> { /* byte target can't be typecasted to anything else at all */ }
-                DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> {
-                    when (outerCastDt) {
-                        DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
-                            when (target.kind) {
-                                TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
-                                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
-                                        asmgen.out(" stz  ${target.asmVarname}+1")
-                                    else
-                                        asmgen.out(" lda  #0 |  sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1")
-                                }
-                                TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
-                                    asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(target.array!!, target.datatype, CpuRegister.Y, true)
-                                    asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  ${target.asmVarname},y")
-                                }
-                                TargetStorageKind.STACK -> {
-                                    if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
-                                        asmgen.out(" stz  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x")
-                                    else
-                                        asmgen.out(" lda  #0 |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x")
-                                }
-                                else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target")
-                            }
-                        }
-                        DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD, in IterableDatatypes -> {}
-                        DataType.FLOAT -> throw AssemblyError("can't cast float in-place")
-                        else -> throw AssemblyError("weird cast type")
-                    }
-                }
-                DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                    if (outerCastDt != DataType.FLOAT)
-                        throw AssemblyError("in-place cast of a float makes no sense")
-                }
-                else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid cast target type")
-            }
-        } else {
-            // typecast with nested typecast, that has the target as a value
-            // calculate singular cast that is required
-            val castDt = if (outerCastDt largerThan innerCastDt) innerCastDt else outerCastDt
-            val value = (cast.expression as TypecastExpression).expression
-            val resultingCast = TypecastExpression(value, castDt, false, position)
-            inplaceCast(target, resultingCast, position)
-        }
-    }
-
-    internal fun inplaceInvert(assign: AsmAssignment) {
-        val target = assign.target
-        when (assign.target.datatype) {
-            DataType.UBYTE -> {
-                when (target.kind) {
-                    TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
-                        asmgen.out("""
-                            lda  ${target.asmVarname}
-                            eor  #255
-                            sta  ${target.asmVarname}""")
-                    }
-                    TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> {
-                        val memory = target.memory!!
-                        when (memory.addressExpression) {
-                            is NumericLiteral -> {
-                                val addr = (memory.addressExpression as NumericLiteral).number.toHex()
-                                asmgen.out("""
-                                    lda  $addr
-                                    eor  #255
-                                    sta  $addr""")
-                            }
-                            is IdentifierReference -> {
-                                val sourceName = asmgen.loadByteFromPointerIntoA(memory.addressExpression as IdentifierReference)
-                                asmgen.out("  eor  #255")
-                                asmgen.out("  sta  ($sourceName),y")
-                            }
-                            else -> {
-                                asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(memory.addressExpression, "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2", DataType.UWORD, target.scope)
-                                asmgen.out("""
-                                    ldy  #0
-                                    lda  (P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2),y
-                                    eor  #255""")
-                                asmgen.storeAIntoZpPointerVar("P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2")
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
-                        when(target.register!!) {
-                            RegisterOrPair.A -> asmgen.out("  eor  #255")
-                            RegisterOrPair.X -> asmgen.out("  txa |  eor  #255 |  tax")
-                            RegisterOrPair.Y -> asmgen.out("  tya |  eor  #255 |  tay")
-                            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid reg dt for byte invert")
-                        }
-                    }
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("no asm gen for byte stack invert")
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> assignmentAsmGen.assignPrefixedExpressionToArrayElt(assign)
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target")
-                }
-            }
-            DataType.UWORD -> {
-                when (target.kind) {
-                    TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
-                        asmgen.out("""
-                            lda  ${target.asmVarname}
-                            eor  #255
-                            sta  ${target.asmVarname}
-                            lda  ${target.asmVarname}+1
-                            eor  #255
-                            sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1""")
-                    }
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
-                        when(target.register!!) {
-                            RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out("  pha |  txa |  eor  #255 |  tax |  pla |  eor  #255")
-                            RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  pha |  tya |  eor  #255 |  tay |  pla |  eor  #255")
-                            RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  txa |  eor  #255 |  tax |  tya |  eor  #255 |  tay")
-                            in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> throw AssemblyError("cx16 virtual regs should be variables, not real registers")
-                            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid reg dt for word invert")
-                        }
-                    }
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("no asm gen for word stack invert")
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> assignmentAsmGen.assignPrefixedExpressionToArrayElt(assign)
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target")
-                }
-            }
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("invert of invalid type")
-        }
-    }
-
-    internal fun inplaceNegate(assign: AsmAssignment, ignoreDatatype: Boolean) {
-        val target = assign.target
-        val datatype = if(ignoreDatatype) {
-            when(target.datatype) {
-                DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> DataType.BYTE
-                DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> DataType.WORD
-                else -> target.datatype
-            }
-        } else target.datatype
-        when (datatype) {
-            DataType.BYTE -> {
-                when (target.kind) {
-                    TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
-                        asmgen.out("""
-                            lda  #0
-                            sec
-                            sbc  ${target.asmVarname}
-                            sta  ${target.asmVarname}""")
-                    }
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
-                        when(target.register!!) {
-                            RegisterOrPair.A -> {
-                                if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
-                                    asmgen.out("  eor  #255 |  ina")
-                                else
-                                    asmgen.out("  eor  #255 |  clc |  adc  #1")
-
-                            }
-                            RegisterOrPair.X -> asmgen.out("  txa |  eor  #255 |  tax |  inx")
-                            RegisterOrPair.Y -> asmgen.out("  tya |  eor  #255 |  tay |  iny")
-                            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid reg dt for byte negate")
-                        }
-                    }
-                    TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> throw AssemblyError("memory is ubyte, can't negate that")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("no asm gen for byte stack negate")
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> assignmentAsmGen.assignPrefixedExpressionToArrayElt(assign)
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target")
-                }
-            }
-            DataType.WORD -> {
-                when (target.kind) {
-                    TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
-                        asmgen.out("""
-                            lda  #0
-                            sec
-                            sbc  ${target.asmVarname}
-                            sta  ${target.asmVarname}
-                            lda  #0
-                            sbc  ${target.asmVarname}+1
-                            sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1""")
-                    }
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
-                        when(target.register!!) { //P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-                            RegisterOrPair.AX -> {
-                                asmgen.out("""
-                                    sec
-                                    eor  #255
-                                    adc  #0
-                                    pha
-                                    txa
-                                    eor  #255
-                                    adc  #0
-                                    tax
-                                    pla""")
-                            }
-                            RegisterOrPair.AY -> {
-                                asmgen.out("""
-                                    sec
-                                    eor  #255
-                                    adc  #0
-                                    pha
-                                    tya
-                                    eor  #255
-                                    adc  #0
-                                    tay
-                                    pla""")
-                            }
-                            RegisterOrPair.XY -> {
-                                asmgen.out("""
-                                    sec
-                                    txa
-                                    eor  #255
-                                    adc  #0
-                                    tax
-                                    tya
-                                    eor  #255
-                                    adc  #0
-                                    tay""")
-                            }
-                            in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> throw AssemblyError("cx16 virtual regs should be variables, not real registers")
-                            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid reg dt for word neg")
-                        }
-                    }
-                    TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> throw AssemblyError("memory is ubyte, can't negate that")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("no asm gen for word stack negate")
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> assignmentAsmGen.assignPrefixedExpressionToArrayElt(assign)
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target")
-                }
-            }
-            DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                when (target.kind) {
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
-                        when(target.register!!) {
-                            RegisterOrPair.FAC1 -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.NEGOP")
-                            RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.MOVFA |  jsr floats.NEGOP |  jsr  floats.MOVEF")
-                            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid float register")
-                        }
-                    }
-                    TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
-                        // simply flip the sign bit in the float
-                        asmgen.out("""
-                            lda  ${target.asmVarname}+1
-                            eor  #$80
-                            sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1
-                        """)
-                    }
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("no asm gen for float stack negate")
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> assignmentAsmGen.assignPrefixedExpressionToArrayElt(assign)
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target for in-place float negation")
-                }
-            }
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("negate of invalid type")
-        }
-    }
-
+}
+
+private fun AsmAssignSource.toAstExpression(scope: PtNamedNode): PtExpression {
+    return when(kind) {
+        SourceStorageKind.LITERALNUMBER -> this.number!!
+        SourceStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
+            val ident = PtIdentifier(scope.scopedName + '.' + asmVarname, datatype, Position.DUMMY)
+            ident.parent = scope
+            ident
+        }
+        SourceStorageKind.ARRAY -> this.array!!
+        SourceStorageKind.MEMORY -> this.memory!!
+        SourceStorageKind.EXPRESSION -> this.expression!!
+        SourceStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
+            if(register in Cx16VirtualRegisters) {
+                val ident = PtIdentifier("cx16.${register!!.name.lowercase()}", DataType.UWORD, position = scope.position)
+                ident.parent = scope
+                ident
+            } else {
+                throw AssemblyError("no ast expr possible for source register $register")
+            }
+        }
+        else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid assign source kind $kind")
+    }
+}
+
+private fun AsmAssignTarget.toAstExpression(): PtExpression {
+    return when(kind) {
+        TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
+            val ident = PtIdentifier((this.scope as PtNamedNode).scopedName + '.' + asmVarname, datatype, origAstTarget?.position ?: Position.DUMMY)
+            ident.parent = this.scope
+            ident
+        }
+        TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> this.array!!
+        TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> this.memory!!
+        TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
+            if(register in Cx16VirtualRegisters) {
+                val ident = PtIdentifier("cx16.${register!!.name.lowercase()}", DataType.UWORD, position = this.origAssign.position)
+                ident.parent =  (this.scope as? PtNamedNode) ?: this.origAstTarget!!
+                ident
+            } else {
+                throw AssemblyError("no ast expr possible for target register $register")
+            }
+        }
+        else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid assign target kind $kind")
+    }
 }

codeGenCpu6502/test/Dummies.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package prog8tests.codegencpu6502
+
+import prog8.code.core.*
+
+
+internal object DummyMemsizer : IMemSizer {
+    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType) = when(dt) {
+        in ByteDatatypes -> 1
+        DataType.FLOAT -> 5
+        else -> 2
+    }
+    override fun memorySize(arrayDt: DataType, numElements: Int) = when(arrayDt) {
+        DataType.ARRAY_UW -> numElements*2
+        DataType.ARRAY_W -> numElements*2
+        DataType.ARRAY_F -> numElements*5
+        else -> numElements
+    }
+}
+
+internal object DummyStringEncoder : IStringEncoding {
+    override fun encodeString(str: String, encoding: Encoding): List<UByte> {
+        return emptyList()
+    }
+
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: Iterable<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String {
+        return ""
+    }
+}
+
+internal class ErrorReporterForTests(private val throwExceptionAtReportIfErrors: Boolean=true, private val keepMessagesAfterReporting: Boolean=false):
+    IErrorReporter {
+
+    val errors = mutableListOf<String>()
+    val warnings = mutableListOf<String>()
+
+    override fun err(msg: String, position: Position) {
+        errors.add("${position.toClickableStr()} $msg")
+    }
+
+    override fun warn(msg: String, position: Position) {
+        warnings.add("${position.toClickableStr()} $msg")
+    }
+
+    override fun noErrors(): Boolean  = errors.isEmpty()
+
+    override fun report() {
+        warnings.forEach { println("UNITTEST COMPILATION REPORT: WARNING: $it") }
+        errors.forEach { println("UNITTEST COMPILATION REPORT: ERROR: $it") }
+        if(throwExceptionAtReportIfErrors)
+            finalizeNumErrors(errors.size, warnings.size)
+        if(!keepMessagesAfterReporting) {
+            clear()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun clear() {
+        errors.clear()
+        warnings.clear()
+    }
+}

codeGenCpu6502/test/TestCodegen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+package prog8tests.codegencpu6502
+
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import prog8.code.SymbolTableMaker
+import prog8.code.ast.*
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.C64Target
+import prog8.codegen.cpu6502.AsmGen6502
+import java.nio.file.Files
+import kotlin.io.path.Path
+
+class TestCodegen: FunSpec({
+
+    fun getTestOptions(): CompilationOptions {
+        val target = C64Target()
+        return CompilationOptions(
+            OutputType.RAW,
+            CbmPrgLauncherType.NONE,
+            ZeropageType.DONTUSE,
+            zpReserved = emptyList(),
+            floats = true,
+            noSysInit = false,
+            compTarget = target,
+            loadAddress = target.machine.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS
+        )
+    }
+
+    test("augmented assign on arrays") {
+//main {
+//    sub start() {
+//        ubyte[] particleX = [1,2,3]
+//        ubyte[] particleDX = [1,2,3]
+//        particleX[2] += particleDX[2]
+//
+//        word @shared xx = 1
+//        xx = -xx
+//        xx += 42
+//        xx += cx16.r0
+//    }
+//}
+        val codegen = AsmGen6502()
+        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val block = PtBlock("main", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(PtVariable("pi", DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 0.0, Position.DUMMY), null, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(PtVariable("particleX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, 3u, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(PtVariable("particleDX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, 3u, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(PtVariable("xx", DataType.WORD, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, PtNumber(DataType.WORD, 1.0, Position.DUMMY), null, Position.DUMMY))
+
+        val assign = PtAugmentedAssign("+=", Position.DUMMY)
+        val target = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            val targetIdx = PtArrayIndexer(DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY).also { idx ->
+                idx.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.particleX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, Position.DUMMY))
+                idx.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 2.0, Position.DUMMY))
+            }
+            it.add(targetIdx)
+        }
+        val value = PtArrayIndexer(DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        value.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.particleDX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, Position.DUMMY))
+        value.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 2.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        assign.add(target)
+        assign.add(value)
+        sub.add(assign)
+
+        val prefixAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("-", Position.DUMMY)
+        val prefixTarget = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        }
+        prefixAssign.add(prefixTarget)
+        prefixAssign.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(prefixAssign)
+
+        val numberAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("-=", Position.DUMMY)
+        val numberAssignTarget = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        }
+        numberAssign.add(numberAssignTarget)
+        numberAssign.add(PtNumber(DataType.WORD, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(numberAssign)
+
+        val cxregAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("+=", Position.DUMMY)
+        val cxregAssignTarget = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        }
+        cxregAssign.add(cxregAssignTarget)
+        cxregAssign.add(PtIdentifier("cx16.r0", DataType.UWORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(cxregAssign)
+
+        block.add(sub)
+        program.add(block)
+
+        // define the "cx16.r0" virtual register
+        val cx16block = PtBlock("cx16", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        cx16block.add(PtMemMapped("r0", DataType.UWORD, 100u, null, Position.DUMMY))
+        program.add(cx16block)
+
+        val options = getTestOptions()
+        val st = SymbolTableMaker(program, options).make()
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors)!!
+        result.name shouldBe "test"
+        Files.deleteIfExists(Path("${result.name}.asm"))
+    }
+})
+

codeGenExperimental/src/prog8/codegen/experimental/ExperiCodeGen.kt

@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@ package prog8.codegen.experimental
 import prog8.code.SymbolTable
 import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
 import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.code.core.IAssemblyGenerator
 import prog8.code.core.IAssemblyProgram
+import prog8.code.core.ICodeGeneratorBackend
 import prog8.code.core.IErrorReporter
 import prog8.codegen.intermediate.IRCodeGen
 import prog8.intermediate.IRFileWriter
 
-class CodeGen(private val program: PtProgram,
-              private val symbolTable: SymbolTable,
-              private val options: CompilationOptions,
-              private val errors: IErrorReporter
-): IAssemblyGenerator {
-    override fun compileToAssembly(): IAssemblyProgram? {
-
+class ExperiCodeGen: ICodeGeneratorBackend {
+    override fun generate(
+        program: PtProgram,
+        symbolTable: SymbolTable,
+        options: CompilationOptions,
+        errors: IErrorReporter
+    ): IAssemblyProgram? {
         // you could write a code generator directly on the PtProgram AST,
         // but you can also use the Intermediate Representation to build a codegen on:
         val irCodeGen = IRCodeGen(program, symbolTable, options, errors)

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/AssignmentGen.kt

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package prog8.codegen.intermediate
 import prog8.code.ast.*
 import prog8.code.core.AssemblyError
 import prog8.code.core.DataType
+import prog8.code.core.PrefixOperators
 import prog8.code.core.SignedDatatypes
 import prog8.intermediate.*
 
@@ -12,22 +13,26 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
         if(assignment.target.children.single() is PtMachineRegister)
             throw AssemblyError("assigning to a register should be done by just evaluating the expression into resultregister")
 
-        return if (assignment.isInplaceAssign)
-            translateInplaceAssign(assignment)
-        else
-            translateRegularAssign(assignment)
+        return translateRegularAssign(assignment)
     }
 
-    private fun translateInplaceAssign(assignment: PtAssignment): IRCodeChunks {
+    internal fun translate(augmentedAssign: PtAugmentedAssign): IRCodeChunks {
+        if(augmentedAssign.target.children.single() is PtMachineRegister)
+            throw AssemblyError("assigning to a register should be done by just evaluating the expression into resultregister")
+
+        return translateInplaceAssign(augmentedAssign)
+    }
+
+    private fun translateInplaceAssign(assignment: PtAugmentedAssign): IRCodeChunks {
         val ident = assignment.target.identifier
         val memory = assignment.target.memory
         val array = assignment.target.array
 
         return if(ident!=null) {
-            assignSelfInMemory(ident.targetName.joinToString("."), assignment.value, assignment)
+            assignVarAugmented(ident.name, assignment)
         } else if(memory != null) {
             if(memory.address is PtNumber)
-                assignSelfInMemoryKnownAddress((memory.address as PtNumber).number.toInt(), assignment.value, assignment)
+                assignMemoryAugmented((memory.address as PtNumber).number.toInt(), assignment)
             else
                 fallbackAssign(assignment)
         } else if(array!=null) {
@@ -40,120 +45,83 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
         }
     }
 
-    private fun assignSelfInMemoryKnownAddress(
+    private fun assignMemoryAugmented(
         address: Int,
-        value: PtExpression,
-        origAssign: PtAssignment
+        assignment: PtAugmentedAssign
     ): IRCodeChunks {
+        val value = assignment.value
         val vmDt = codeGen.irType(value.type)
-        when(value) {
-            is PtIdentifier -> return emptyList() // do nothing, x=x null assignment.
-            is PtMachineRegister -> return emptyList() // do nothing, reg=reg null assignment
-            is PtPrefix -> return inplacePrefix(value.operator, vmDt, address, null)
-            is PtBinaryExpression -> return inplaceBinexpr(value.operator, value.right, vmDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, address, null, origAssign)
-            is PtMemoryByte -> {
-                return if (!codeGen.options.compTarget.machine.isIOAddress(address.toUInt()))
-                    emptyList() // do nothing, mem=mem null assignment.
-                else {
-                    // read and write a (i/o) memory location to itself.
-                    val tempReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                    val code = IRCodeChunk(null, null)
-                    code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = tempReg, value = address)
-                    code += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = tempReg, value = address)
-                    listOf(code)
-                }
-            }
-            else -> return fallbackAssign(origAssign)
+        return when(assignment.operator) {
+            "+" -> expressionEval.operatorPlusInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "-" -> expressionEval.operatorMinusInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "*" -> expressionEval.operatorMultiplyInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "/" -> expressionEval.operatorDivideInplace(address, null, vmDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            "|" -> expressionEval.operatorOrInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "&" -> expressionEval.operatorAndInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "^" -> expressionEval.operatorXorInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            "<<" -> expressionEval.operatorShiftLeftInplace(address, null, vmDt, value)
+            ">>" -> expressionEval.operatorShiftRightInplace(address, null, vmDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            in PrefixOperators -> inplacePrefix(assignment.operator, vmDt, address, null)
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid augmented assign operator ${assignment.operator}")
         }
     }
 
-    private fun assignSelfInMemory(
-        symbol: String,
-        value: PtExpression,
-        origAssign: PtAssignment
-    ): IRCodeChunks {
-        val vmDt = codeGen.irType(value.type)
-        return when(value) {
-            is PtIdentifier -> emptyList() // do nothing, x=x null assignment.
-            is PtMachineRegister -> emptyList() // do nothing, reg=reg null assignment
-            is PtPrefix -> inplacePrefix(value.operator, vmDt, null, symbol)
-            is PtBinaryExpression -> inplaceBinexpr(value.operator, value.right, vmDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, null, symbol, origAssign)
-            is PtMemoryByte -> {
-                val code = IRCodeChunk(null, null)
-                val tempReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = tempReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
-                code += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = tempReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
-                listOf(code)
-            }
-
-            else -> fallbackAssign(origAssign)
+    private fun assignVarAugmented(symbol: String, assignment: PtAugmentedAssign): IRCodeChunks {
+        val value = assignment.value
+        val valueVmDt = codeGen.irType(value.type)
+        return when (assignment.operator) {
+            "+=" -> expressionEval.operatorPlusInplace(null, symbol, valueVmDt, value)
+            "-=" -> expressionEval.operatorMinusInplace(null, symbol, valueVmDt, value)
+            "*=" -> expressionEval.operatorMultiplyInplace(null, symbol, valueVmDt, value)
+            "/=" -> expressionEval.operatorDivideInplace(null, symbol, valueVmDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            "|=" -> expressionEval.operatorOrInplace(null, symbol, valueVmDt, value)
+            "&=" -> expressionEval.operatorAndInplace(null, symbol, valueVmDt, value)
+            "^=" -> expressionEval.operatorXorInplace(null, symbol, valueVmDt, value)
+            "<<=" -> expressionEval.operatorShiftLeftInplace(null, symbol, valueVmDt, value)
+            ">>=" -> expressionEval.operatorShiftRightInplace(null, symbol, valueVmDt, value.type in SignedDatatypes, value)
+            in PrefixOperators -> inplacePrefix(assignment.operator, valueVmDt, null, symbol)
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid augmented assign operator ${assignment.operator}")
         }
     }
 
-    private fun fallbackAssign(origAssign: PtAssignment): IRCodeChunks {
+    private fun fallbackAssign(origAssign: PtAugmentedAssign): IRCodeChunks {
         if (codeGen.options.slowCodegenWarnings)
             codeGen.errors.warn("indirect code for in-place assignment", origAssign.position)
-        return translateRegularAssign(origAssign)
-    }
-
-    private fun inplaceBinexpr(
-        operator: String,
-        operand: PtExpression,
-        vmDt: IRDataType,
-        signed: Boolean,
-        knownAddress: Int?,
-        symbol: String?,
-        origAssign: PtAssignment
-    ): IRCodeChunks {
-        if(knownAddress!=null) {
-            when (operator) {
-                "+" -> return expressionEval.operatorPlusInplace(knownAddress, null, vmDt, operand)
-                "-" -> return expressionEval.operatorMinusInplace(knownAddress, null, vmDt, operand)
-                "*" -> return expressionEval.operatorMultiplyInplace(knownAddress, null, vmDt, operand)
-                "/" -> return expressionEval.operatorDivideInplace(knownAddress, null, vmDt, signed, operand)
-                "|" -> return expressionEval.operatorOrInplace(knownAddress, null, vmDt, operand)
-                "&" -> return expressionEval.operatorAndInplace(knownAddress, null, vmDt, operand)
-                "^" -> return expressionEval.operatorXorInplace(knownAddress, null, vmDt, operand)
-                "<<" -> return expressionEval.operatorShiftLeftInplace(knownAddress, null, vmDt, operand)
-                ">>" -> return expressionEval.operatorShiftRightInplace(knownAddress, null, vmDt, signed, operand)
-                else -> {}
-            }
+        val normalAssign = PtAssignment(origAssign.position)
+        normalAssign.add(origAssign.target)
+        val value: PtExpression
+        if(origAssign.operator in PrefixOperators) {
+            value = PtPrefix(origAssign.operator, origAssign.value.type, origAssign.value.position)
+            value.add(origAssign.value)
         } else {
-            symbol!!
-            when (operator) {
-                "+" -> return expressionEval.operatorPlusInplace(null, symbol, vmDt, operand)
-                "-" -> return expressionEval.operatorMinusInplace(null, symbol, vmDt, operand)
-                "*" -> return expressionEval.operatorMultiplyInplace(null, symbol, vmDt, operand)
-                "/" -> return expressionEval.operatorDivideInplace(null, symbol, vmDt, signed, operand)
-                "|" -> return expressionEval.operatorOrInplace(null, symbol, vmDt, operand)
-                "&" -> return expressionEval.operatorAndInplace(null, symbol, vmDt, operand)
-                "^" -> return expressionEval.operatorXorInplace(null, symbol, vmDt, operand)
-                "<<" -> return expressionEval.operatorShiftLeftInplace(null, symbol, vmDt, operand)
-                ">>" -> return expressionEval.operatorShiftRightInplace(null, symbol, vmDt, signed, operand)
-                else -> {}
-            }
+            require(origAssign.operator.endsWith('='))
+            value = PtBinaryExpression(origAssign.operator.dropLast(1), origAssign.value.type, origAssign.value.position)
+            val left: PtExpression = origAssign.target.children.single() as PtExpression
+            value.add(left)
+            value.add(origAssign.value)
         }
-        return fallbackAssign(origAssign)
+        normalAssign.add(value)
+        return translateRegularAssign(normalAssign)
     }
 
-    private fun inplacePrefix(operator: String, vmDt: IRDataType, knownAddress: Int?, addressSymbol: String?): IRCodeChunks {
+    private fun inplacePrefix(operator: String, vmDt: IRDataType, address: Int?, symbol: String?): IRCodeChunks {
         val code= IRCodeChunk(null, null)
         when(operator) {
             "+" -> { }
             "-" -> {
-                code += if(knownAddress!=null)
-                    IRInstruction(Opcode.NEGM, vmDt, value = knownAddress)
+                code += if(address!=null)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.NEGM, vmDt, value = address)
                 else
-                    IRInstruction(Opcode.NEGM, vmDt, labelSymbol = addressSymbol)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.NEGM, vmDt, labelSymbol = symbol)
             }
             "~" -> {
                 val regMask = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
                 val mask = if(vmDt==IRDataType.BYTE) 0x00ff else 0xffff
                 code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=regMask, value = mask)
-                code += if(knownAddress!=null)
-                    IRInstruction(Opcode.XORM, vmDt, reg1=regMask, value = knownAddress)
+                code += if(address!=null)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.XORM, vmDt, reg1=regMask, value = address)
                 else
-                    IRInstruction(Opcode.XORM, vmDt, reg1=regMask, labelSymbol = addressSymbol)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.XORM, vmDt, reg1=regMask, labelSymbol = symbol)
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("weird prefix operator")
         }
@@ -186,20 +154,19 @@ internal class AssignmentGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val express
             }
         }
         if(ident!=null) {
-            val symbol = ident.targetName.joinToString(".")
             val instruction = if(zero) {
-                IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, vmDt, labelSymbol = symbol)
+                IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, vmDt, labelSymbol = ident.name)
             } else {
                 if (vmDt == IRDataType.FLOAT)
-                    IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister, labelSymbol = symbol)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister, labelSymbol = ident.name)
                 else
-                    IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, labelSymbol = symbol)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, labelSymbol = ident.name)
             }
             result += IRCodeChunk(null, null).also { it += instruction }
             return result
         }
         else if(array!=null) {
-            val variable = array.variable.targetName.joinToString(".")
+            val variable = array.variable.name
             val itemsize = codeGen.program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type)
 
             if(array.variable.type==DataType.UWORD) {

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/BuiltinFuncGen.kt

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
             "rrestore",
             "rrestorex" -> emptyList()  // vm doesn't have registers to save/restore
             "callfar" -> throw AssemblyError("callfar() is for cx16 target only")
-            "callrom" -> throw AssemblyError("callrom() is for cx16 target only")
             "msb" -> funcMsb(call, resultRegister)
             "lsb" -> funcLsb(call, resultRegister)
             "memory" -> funcMemory(call, resultRegister)
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
 
     private fun funcAny(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: Int): IRCodeChunks {
         val arrayName = call.args[0] as PtIdentifier
-        val array = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(arrayName.targetName) as StStaticVariable
+        val array = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(arrayName.name) as StStaticVariable
         val syscall =
             when (array.dt) {
                 DataType.ARRAY_UB,
@@ -83,7 +82,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
 
     private fun funcAll(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall, resultRegister: Int): IRCodeChunks {
         val arrayName = call.args[0] as PtIdentifier
-        val array = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(arrayName.targetName) as StStaticVariable
+        val array = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(arrayName.name) as StStaticVariable
         val syscall =
             when(array.dt) {
                 DataType.ARRAY_UB,
@@ -204,7 +203,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
 
     private fun funcReverse(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): IRCodeChunks {
         val arrayName = call.args[0] as PtIdentifier
-        val array = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(arrayName.targetName) as StStaticVariable
+        val array = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(arrayName.name) as StStaticVariable
         val syscall =
             when(array.dt) {
                 DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B, DataType.STR -> IMSyscall.REVERSE_BYTES
@@ -223,7 +222,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFuncGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen, private val exprGe
 
     private fun funcSort(call: PtBuiltinFunctionCall): IRCodeChunks {
         val arrayName = call.args[0] as PtIdentifier
-        val array = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(arrayName.targetName) as StStaticVariable
+        val array = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(arrayName.name) as StStaticVariable
         val syscall =
             when(array.dt) {
                 DataType.ARRAY_UB -> IMSyscall.SORT_UBYTE

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/ExpressionGen.kt

@@ -39,22 +39,21 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
             }
             is PtIdentifier -> {
                 val vmDt = codeGen.irType(expr.type)
-                val symbol = expr.targetName.joinToString(".")
                 val code = IRCodeChunk(null, null)
                 code += if (expr.type in PassByValueDatatypes) {
                     if(vmDt==IRDataType.FLOAT)
-                        IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister, labelSymbol = symbol)
+                        IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, fpReg1 = resultFpRegister, labelSymbol = expr.name)
                     else
-                        IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, labelSymbol = symbol)
+                        IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, labelSymbol = expr.name)
                 } else {
                     // for strings and arrays etc., load the *address* of the value instead
-                    IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, labelSymbol = symbol)
+                    IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, labelSymbol = expr.name)
                 }
                 listOf(code)
             }
             is PtAddressOf -> {
                 val vmDt = codeGen.irType(expr.type)
-                val symbol = expr.identifier.targetName.joinToString(".")
+                val symbol = expr.identifier.name
                 // note: LOAD <symbol>  gets you the address of the symbol, whereas LOADM <symbol> would get you the value stored at that location
                 val code = IRCodeChunk(null, null)
                 code += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, vmDt, reg1=resultRegister, labelSymbol = symbol)
@@ -72,27 +71,13 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
                 }
                 result
             }
-            is PtTypeCast -> {
-                translate(expr, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
-            }
-            is PtPrefix -> {
-                translate(expr, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
-            }
-            is PtArrayIndexer -> {
-                translate(expr, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
-            }
-            is PtBinaryExpression -> {
-                translate(expr, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
-            }
-            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> {
-                codeGen.translateBuiltinFunc(expr, resultRegister)
-            }
-            is PtFunctionCall -> {
-                translate(expr, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
-            }
-            is PtContainmentCheck -> {
-                translate(expr, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
-            }
+            is PtTypeCast -> translate(expr, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
+            is PtPrefix -> translate(expr, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
+            is PtArrayIndexer -> translate(expr, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
+            is PtBinaryExpression -> translate(expr, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
+            is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> codeGen.translateBuiltinFunc(expr, resultRegister)
+            is PtFunctionCall -> translate(expr, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
+            is PtContainmentCheck -> translate(expr, resultRegister, resultFpRegister)
             is PtRange,
             is PtArray,
             is PtString -> throw AssemblyError("range/arrayliteral/string should no longer occur as expression")
@@ -103,7 +88,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
     private fun translate(check: PtContainmentCheck, resultRegister: Int, resultFpRegister: Int): IRCodeChunks {
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         result += translateExpression(check.element, resultRegister, -1)   // load the element to check in resultRegister
-        val iterable = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(check.iterable.targetName) as StStaticVariable
+        val iterable = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(check.iterable.name) as StStaticVariable
         when(iterable.dt) {
             DataType.STR -> {
                 result += translateExpression(check.element, SyscallRegisterBase, -1)
@@ -135,7 +120,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
                 }
             }
             DataType.ARRAY_F -> throw AssemblyError("containment check in float-array not supported")
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird iterable dt ${iterable.dt} for ${check.iterable.targetName}")
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird iterable dt ${iterable.dt} for ${check.iterable.name}")
         }
         return result
     }
@@ -145,7 +130,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
         val vmDt = codeGen.irType(arrayIx.type)
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         val idxReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-        val arrayVarSymbol = arrayIx.variable.targetName.joinToString(".")
+        val arrayVarSymbol = arrayIx.variable.name
 
         if(arrayIx.variable.type==DataType.UWORD) {
             // indexing a pointer var instead of a real array or string
@@ -430,11 +415,17 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
                     it += IRInstruction(Opcode.AND, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, value = 1)
                 }
             } else {
-                val rightResultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
-                result += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
-                result += translateExpression(binExpr.right, rightResultReg, -1)
-                val opcode = if (notEquals) Opcode.SNE else Opcode.SEQ
-                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(opcode, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = rightResultReg), null)
+                if(constValue(binExpr.right)==0.0) {
+                    result += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
+                    val opcode = if (notEquals) Opcode.SNZ else Opcode.SZ
+                    addInstr(result, IRInstruction(opcode, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = resultRegister), null)
+                } else {
+                    val rightResultReg = codeGen.registers.nextFree()
+                    result += translateExpression(binExpr.left, resultRegister, -1)
+                    result += translateExpression(binExpr.right, rightResultReg, -1)
+                    val opcode = if (notEquals) Opcode.SNE else Opcode.SEQ
+                    addInstr(result, IRInstruction(opcode, vmDt, reg1 = resultRegister, reg2 = rightResultReg), null)
+                }
             }
         }
         return result
@@ -940,12 +931,12 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
     }
 
     fun translate(fcall: PtFunctionCall, resultRegister: Int, resultFpRegister: Int): IRCodeChunks {
-        when (val callTarget = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(fcall.functionName)) {
+        when (val callTarget = codeGen.symbolTable.flat.getValue(fcall.name)) {
             is StSub -> {
                 val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
                 for ((arg, parameter) in fcall.args.zip(callTarget.parameters)) {
                     val paramDt = codeGen.irType(parameter.type)
-                    val symbol = (fcall.functionName + parameter.name).joinToString(".")
+                    val symbol = "${fcall.name}.${parameter.name}"
                     if(codeGen.isZero(arg)) {
                         addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREZM, paramDt, labelSymbol = symbol), null)
                     } else {
@@ -960,7 +951,7 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.CALL, labelSymbol=fcall.functionName.joinToString(".")), null)
+                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.CALL, labelSymbol=fcall.name), null)
                 if(fcall.type==DataType.FLOAT) {
                     if (!fcall.void && resultFpRegister != 0) {
                         // Call convention: result value is in fr0, so put it in the required register instead.
@@ -997,20 +988,20 @@ internal class ExpressionGen(private val codeGen: IRCodeGen) {
                             if(fcall.type==DataType.FLOAT)
                                 throw AssemblyError("doesn't support float register result in asm romsub")
                             val returns = callTarget.returns.single()
-                            val regStr = if(returns.registerOrPair!=null) returns.registerOrPair.toString() else returns.statusflag.toString()
+                            val regStr = if(returns.register.registerOrPair!=null) returns.register.registerOrPair.toString() else returns.register.statusflag.toString()
                             addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADCPU, codeGen.irType(fcall.type), reg1=resultRegister, labelSymbol = regStr), null)
                         }
                         else -> {
-                            val returnRegister = callTarget.returns.singleOrNull{ it.registerOrPair!=null }
+                            val returnRegister = callTarget.returns.singleOrNull{ it.register.registerOrPair!=null }
                             if(returnRegister!=null) {
                                 // we skip the other values returned in the status flags.
-                                val regStr = returnRegister.registerOrPair.toString()
+                                val regStr = returnRegister.register.registerOrPair.toString()
                                 addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADCPU, codeGen.irType(fcall.type), reg1=resultRegister, labelSymbol = regStr), null)
                             } else {
-                                val firstReturnRegister = callTarget.returns.firstOrNull{ it.registerOrPair!=null }
+                                val firstReturnRegister = callTarget.returns.firstOrNull{ it.register.registerOrPair!=null }
                                 if(firstReturnRegister!=null) {
                                     // we just take the first register return value and ignore the rest.
-                                    val regStr = firstReturnRegister.registerOrPair.toString()
+                                    val regStr = firstReturnRegister.register.registerOrPair.toString()
                                     addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADCPU, codeGen.irType(fcall.type), reg1=resultRegister, labelSymbol = regStr), null)
                                 } else {
                                     throw AssemblyError("invalid number of return values from call")

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/intermediate/IRCodeGen.kt

@@ -24,23 +24,22 @@ class IRCodeGen(
     internal val registers = RegisterPool()
 
     fun generate(): IRProgram {
-        flattenLabelNames()
-        flattenNestedSubroutines()
+        makeAllNodenamesScoped()
+        moveAllNestedSubroutinesToBlockScope()
+        verifyNameScoping(program, symbolTable)
 
         val irProg = IRProgram(program.name, IRSymbolTable(symbolTable), options, program.encoding)
 
         if(options.evalStackBaseAddress!=null)
             throw AssemblyError("IR doesn't use eval-stack")
 
-        if(!options.dontReinitGlobals) {
-            // collect global variables initializers
-            program.allBlocks().forEach {
-                val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
-                it.children.filterIsInstance<PtAssignment>().forEach { assign -> result += assignmentGen.translate(assign) }
-                result.forEach { chunk ->
-                    if (chunk is IRCodeChunk) irProg.addGlobalInits(chunk)
-                    else throw AssemblyError("only expect code chunk for global inits")
-                }
+        // collect global variables initializers
+        program.allBlocks().forEach {
+            val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
+            it.children.filterIsInstance<PtAssignment>().forEach { assign -> result += assignmentGen.translate(assign) }
+            result.forEach { chunk ->
+                if (chunk is IRCodeChunk) irProg.addGlobalInits(chunk)
+                else throw AssemblyError("only expect code chunk for global inits")
             }
         }
 
@@ -71,6 +70,39 @@ class IRCodeGen(
         return irProg
     }
 
+    private fun verifyNameScoping(program: PtProgram, symbolTable: SymbolTable) {
+        fun verifyPtNode(node: PtNode) {
+            when (node) {
+                is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> require('.' !in node.name) { "builtin function call name should not be scoped: ${node.name}" }
+                is PtFunctionCall -> require('.' in node.name) { "node $node name is not scoped: ${node.name}" }
+                is PtIdentifier -> require('.' in node.name) { "node $node name is not scoped: ${node.name}" }
+                is PtAsmSub -> require('.' in node.name) { "node $node name is not scoped: ${node.name}" }
+                is PtBlock -> require('.' !in node.name) { "block name should not be scoped: ${node.name}" }
+                is PtConstant -> require('.' in node.name) { "node $node name is not scoped: ${node.name}" }
+                is PtLabel -> require('.' in node.name) { "node $node name is not scoped: ${node.name}" }
+                is PtMemMapped -> require('.' in node.name) { "node $node name is not scoped: ${node.name}" }
+                is PtSub -> require('.' in node.name) { "node $node name is not scoped: ${node.name}" }
+                is PtVariable -> require('.' in node.name) { "node $node name is not scoped: ${node.name}" }
+                is PtProgram -> require('.' !in node.name) { "program name should not be scoped: ${node.name}" }
+                is PtSubroutineParameter -> require('.' in node.name) { "node $node name is not scoped: ${node.name}" }
+                else -> { /* node has no name */
+                }
+            }
+            node.children.forEach { verifyPtNode(it) }
+        }
+
+        fun verifyStNode(node: StNode) {
+            require('.' !in node.name) { "st node name should not be scoped: ${node.name}"}
+            node.children.forEach {
+                require(it.key==it.value.name)
+                verifyStNode(it.value)
+            }
+        }
+
+        verifyPtNode(program)
+        verifyStNode(symbolTable)
+    }
+
     private fun ensureFirstChunkLabels(irProg: IRProgram) {
         // make sure that first chunks in Blocks and Subroutines share the name of the block/sub as label.
 
@@ -131,7 +163,7 @@ class IRCodeGen(
                             symbol = symbolExpr
                             index = 0u
                         }
-                        val target = symbolTable.flat[symbol.split('.')]
+                        val target = symbolTable.flat[symbol]
                         if (target is StMemVar) {
                             replacements.add(Triple(chunk, idx, target.address+index))
                         }
@@ -155,112 +187,56 @@ class IRCodeGen(
         }
     }
 
-    private fun flattenLabelNames() {
-        val renameLabels = mutableListOf<Pair<PtNode, PtLabel>>()
-
-        fun flattenRecurse(node: PtNode) {
+    private fun makeAllNodenamesScoped() {
+        val renames = mutableListOf<Pair<PtNamedNode, String>>()
+        fun recurse(node: PtNode) {
             node.children.forEach {
-                if (it is PtLabel)
-                    renameLabels += Pair(it.parent, it)
-                else
-                    flattenRecurse(it)
+                if(it is PtNamedNode)
+                    renames.add(it to it.scopedName)
+                recurse(it)
             }
         }
-
-        flattenRecurse(program)
-
-        renameLabels.forEach { (parent, label) ->
-            val renamedLabel = PtLabel(label.scopedName.joinToString("."), label.position)
-            val idx = parent.children.indexOf(label)
-            parent.children.removeAt(idx)
-            parent.children.add(idx, renamedLabel)
-        }
+        recurse(program)
+        renames.forEach { it.first.name = it.second }
     }
 
-    private fun flattenNestedSubroutines() {
-        // this moves all nested subroutines up to the block scope.
-        // also changes the name to be the fully scoped one, so it becomes unique at the top level.
-        val flattenedSubs = mutableListOf<Pair<PtBlock, PtSub>>()
-        val flattenedAsmSubs = mutableListOf<Pair<PtBlock, PtAsmSub>>()
-        val removalsSubs = mutableListOf<Pair<PtSub, PtSub>>()
-        val removalsAsmSubs = mutableListOf<Pair<PtSub, PtAsmSub>>()
-        val renameSubs = mutableListOf<Pair<PtBlock, PtSub>>()
-        val renameAsmSubs = mutableListOf<Pair<PtBlock, PtAsmSub>>()
+    private fun moveAllNestedSubroutinesToBlockScope() {
+        val movedSubs = mutableListOf<Pair<PtBlock, PtSub>>()
+        val removedSubs = mutableListOf<Pair<PtSub, PtSub>>()
 
-        fun flattenNestedAsmSub(block: PtBlock, parentSub: PtSub, asmsub: PtAsmSub) {
-            val flattened = PtAsmSub(asmsub.scopedName.joinToString("."),
-                asmsub.address,
-                asmsub.clobbers,
-                asmsub.parameters,
-                asmsub.returnTypes,
-                asmsub.retvalRegisters,
-                asmsub.inline,
-                asmsub.position)
-            asmsub.children.forEach { flattened.add(it) }
-            flattenedAsmSubs += Pair(block, flattened)
-            removalsAsmSubs += Pair(parentSub, asmsub)
+        fun moveToBlock(block: PtBlock, parent: PtSub, asmsub: PtAsmSub) {
+            block.add(asmsub)
+            parent.children.remove(asmsub)
         }
 
-        fun flattenNestedSub(block: PtBlock, parentSub: PtSub, sub: PtSub) {
-            sub.children.filterIsInstance<PtSub>().forEach { subsub->flattenNestedSub(block, sub, subsub) }
-            sub.children.filterIsInstance<PtAsmSub>().forEach { asmsubsub->flattenNestedAsmSub(block, sub, asmsubsub) }
-            val flattened = PtSub(sub.scopedName.joinToString("."),
-                sub.parameters,
-                sub.returntype,
-                sub.inline,
-                sub.position)
-            sub.children.forEach { if(it !is PtSub) flattened.add(it) }
-            flattenedSubs += Pair(block, flattened)
-            removalsSubs += Pair(parentSub, sub)
+        fun moveToBlock(block: PtBlock, parent: PtSub, sub: PtSub) {
+            sub.children.filterIsInstance<PtSub>().forEach { subsub -> moveToBlock(block, sub, subsub) }
+            sub.children.filterIsInstance<PtAsmSub>().forEach { asmsubsub -> moveToBlock(block, sub, asmsubsub) }
+            movedSubs += Pair(block, sub)
+            removedSubs += Pair(parent, sub)
         }
 
         program.allBlocks().forEach { block ->
             block.children.forEach {
-                if(it is PtSub) {
+                if (it is PtSub) {
                     // Only regular subroutines can have nested subroutines.
-                    it.children.filterIsInstance<PtSub>().forEach { subsub->flattenNestedSub(block, it, subsub)}
-                    it.children.filterIsInstance<PtAsmSub>().forEach { asmsubsub->flattenNestedAsmSub(block, it, asmsubsub)}
-                    renameSubs += Pair(block, it)
+                    it.children.filterIsInstance<PtSub>().forEach { subsub -> moveToBlock(block, it, subsub) }
+                    it.children.filterIsInstance<PtAsmSub>().forEach { asmsubsub -> moveToBlock(block, it, asmsubsub) }
                 }
-                if(it is PtAsmSub)
-                    renameAsmSubs += Pair(block, it)
             }
         }
 
-        removalsSubs.forEach { (parent, sub) -> parent.children.remove(sub) }
-        removalsAsmSubs.forEach { (parent, asmsub) -> parent.children.remove(asmsub) }
-        flattenedSubs.forEach { (block, sub) -> block.add(sub) }
-        flattenedAsmSubs.forEach { (block, asmsub) -> block.add(asmsub) }
-        renameSubs.forEach { (parent, sub) ->
-            val renamedSub = PtSub(sub.scopedName.joinToString("."), sub.parameters, sub.returntype, sub.inline, sub.position)
-            sub.children.forEach { renamedSub.add(it) }
-            val subindex = parent.children.indexOf(sub)
-            parent.children[subindex] = renamedSub      // keep the order of nodes the same
-        }
-        renameAsmSubs.forEach { (parent, sub) ->
-            val renamedSub = PtAsmSub(sub.scopedName.joinToString("."),
-                sub.address,
-                sub.clobbers,
-                sub.parameters,
-                sub.returnTypes,
-                sub.retvalRegisters,
-                sub.inline,
-                sub.position)
-
-            if(sub.children.isNotEmpty())
-                renamedSub.add(sub.children.single())
-            val subindex = parent.children.indexOf(sub)
-            parent.children[subindex] = renamedSub       // keep the order of nodes the same
-        }
+        removedSubs.forEach { (parent, sub) -> parent.children.remove(sub) }
+        movedSubs.forEach { (block, sub) -> block.add(sub) }
     }
 
     internal fun translateNode(node: PtNode): IRCodeChunks {
         val chunks = when(node) {
-            is PtScopeVarsDecls -> emptyList() // vars should be looked up via symbol table
             is PtVariable -> emptyList() // var should be looked up via symbol table
             is PtMemMapped -> emptyList() // memmapped var should be looked up via symbol table
             is PtConstant -> emptyList() // constants have all been folded into the code
             is PtAssignment -> assignmentGen.translate(node)
+            is PtAugmentedAssign -> assignmentGen.translate(node)
             is PtNodeGroup -> translateGroup(node.children)
             is PtBuiltinFunctionCall -> translateBuiltinFunc(node, 0)
             is PtFunctionCall -> expressionEval.translate(node, 0, 0)
@@ -338,7 +314,7 @@ class IRCodeGen(
                 }
                 addInstr(result, branchIns, null)
             } else {
-                val label = if(goto.generatedLabel!=null) goto.generatedLabel else goto.identifier!!.targetName.joinToString(".")
+                val label = if(goto.generatedLabel!=null) goto.generatedLabel else goto.identifier!!.name
                 val branchIns = when(branch.condition) {
                     BranchCondition.CS -> IRInstruction(Opcode.BSTCS, labelSymbol = label)
                     BranchCondition.CC -> IRInstruction(Opcode.BSTCC, labelSymbol = label)
@@ -454,7 +430,7 @@ class IRCodeGen(
     }
 
     private fun translate(forLoop: PtForLoop): IRCodeChunks {
-        val loopvar = symbolTable.lookup(forLoop.variable.targetName)!!
+        val loopvar = symbolTable.lookup(forLoop.variable.name)!!
         val iterable = forLoop.iterable
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         when(iterable) {
@@ -465,9 +441,9 @@ class IRCodeGen(
                     result += translateForInNonConstantRange(forLoop, loopvar)
             }
             is PtIdentifier -> {
-                val symbol = iterable.targetName.joinToString(".")
-                val iterableVar = symbolTable.lookup(iterable.targetName) as StStaticVariable
-                val loopvarSymbol = loopvar.scopedName.joinToString(".")
+                val iterableVar = symbolTable.lookup(iterable.name) as StStaticVariable
+                require(forLoop.variable.name == loopvar.scopedName)
+                val loopvarSymbol = forLoop.variable.name
                 val indexReg = registers.nextFree()
                 val tmpReg = registers.nextFree()
                 val loopLabel = createLabelName()
@@ -476,7 +452,7 @@ class IRCodeGen(
                     // iterate over a zero-terminated string
                     addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=indexReg, value=0), null)
                     val chunk = IRCodeChunk(loopLabel, null)
-                    chunk += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADX, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=tmpReg, reg2=indexReg, labelSymbol = symbol)
+                    chunk += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADX, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=tmpReg, reg2=indexReg, labelSymbol = iterable.name)
                     chunk += IRInstruction(Opcode.BZ, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=tmpReg, labelSymbol = endLabel)
                     chunk += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=tmpReg, labelSymbol = loopvarSymbol)
                     result += chunk
@@ -498,7 +474,7 @@ class IRCodeGen(
                         chunk += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=lengthReg, value=lengthBytes)
                         result += chunk
                         val chunk2 = IRCodeChunk(loopLabel, null)
-                        chunk2 += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADX, irType(elementDt), reg1=tmpReg, reg2=indexReg, labelSymbol=symbol)
+                        chunk2 += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADX, irType(elementDt), reg1=tmpReg, reg2=indexReg, labelSymbol=iterable.name)
                         chunk2 += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, irType(elementDt), reg1=tmpReg, labelSymbol = loopvarSymbol)
                         result += chunk2
                         result += translateNode(forLoop.statements)
@@ -507,7 +483,7 @@ class IRCodeGen(
                     } else if(lengthBytes==256) {
                         addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOAD, IRDataType.BYTE, reg1=indexReg, value=0), null)
                         val chunk = IRCodeChunk(loopLabel, null)
-                        chunk += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADX, irType(elementDt), reg1=tmpReg, reg2=indexReg, labelSymbol=symbol)
+                        chunk += IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADX, irType(elementDt), reg1=tmpReg, reg2=indexReg, labelSymbol=iterable.name)
                         chunk += IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, irType(elementDt), reg1=tmpReg, labelSymbol = loopvarSymbol)
                         result += chunk
                         result += translateNode(forLoop.statements)
@@ -530,7 +506,8 @@ class IRCodeGen(
             throw AssemblyError("step 0")
         val indexReg = registers.nextFree()
         val endvalueReg = registers.nextFree()
-        val loopvarSymbol = loopvar.scopedName.joinToString(".")
+        require(forLoop.variable.name == loopvar.scopedName)
+        val loopvarSymbol = forLoop.variable.name
         val loopvarDt = when(loopvar) {
             is StMemVar -> loopvar.dt
             is StStaticVariable -> loopvar.dt
@@ -542,18 +519,27 @@ class IRCodeGen(
 
         result += expressionEval.translateExpression(iterable.to, endvalueReg, -1)
         result += expressionEval.translateExpression(iterable.from, indexReg, -1)
+
+        val labelAfterFor = createLabelName()
+        val greaterOpcode = if(loopvarDt in SignedDatatypes) Opcode.BGTS else Opcode.BGT
+        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(greaterOpcode, loopvarDtIr, indexReg, endvalueReg, labelSymbol=labelAfterFor), null)
+
         addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.STOREM, loopvarDtIr, reg1=indexReg, labelSymbol=loopvarSymbol), null)
         result += labelFirstChunk(translateNode(forLoop.statements), loopLabel)
         result += addConstMem(loopvarDtIr, null, loopvarSymbol, step)
         addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.LOADM, loopvarDtIr, reg1 = indexReg, labelSymbol = loopvarSymbol), null)
-        val branchOpcode = if(loopvarDt in SignedDatatypes) Opcode.BLES else Opcode.BLE
-        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(branchOpcode, loopvarDtIr, reg1=indexReg, reg2=endvalueReg, labelSymbol=loopLabel), null)
+        // if endvalue >= index, iterate loop
+        val branchOpcode = if(loopvarDt in SignedDatatypes) Opcode.BGES else Opcode.BGE
+        addInstr(result, IRInstruction(branchOpcode, loopvarDtIr, reg1=endvalueReg, reg2=indexReg, labelSymbol=loopLabel), null)
+
+        result += IRCodeChunk(labelAfterFor, null)
         return result
     }
 
     private fun translateForInConstantRange(forLoop: PtForLoop, loopvar: StNode): IRCodeChunks {
         val loopLabel = createLabelName()
-        val loopvarSymbol = loopvar.scopedName.joinToString(".")
+        require(forLoop.variable.name == loopvar.scopedName)
+        val loopvarSymbol = forLoop.variable.name
         val indexReg = registers.nextFree()
         val loopvarDt = when(loopvar) {
             is StMemVar -> loopvar.dt
@@ -900,56 +886,117 @@ class IRCodeGen(
         if(ifElse.condition.operator !in ComparisonOperators)
             throw AssemblyError("if condition should only be a binary comparison expression")
 
-        val signed = ifElse.condition.left.type in arrayOf(DataType.BYTE, DataType.WORD, DataType.FLOAT)
+        val signed = ifElse.condition.left.type in SignedDatatypes
         val irDt = irType(ifElse.condition.left.type)
 
         val goto = ifElse.ifScope.children.firstOrNull() as? PtJump
         if(goto!=null && ifElse.elseScope.children.isEmpty()) {
             // special case the form:   if <condition> goto <place>
             val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
-            val leftReg = registers.nextFree()
-            val rightReg = registers.nextFree()
-            result += expressionEval.translateExpression(ifElse.condition.left, leftReg, -1)
-            result += expressionEval.translateExpression(ifElse.condition.right, rightReg, -1)
-            val opcode = when(ifElse.condition.operator) {
-                "==" -> Opcode.BEQ
-                "!=" -> Opcode.BNE
-                "<" -> Opcode.BLT
-                ">" -> Opcode.BGT
-                "<=" -> Opcode.BLE
-                ">=" -> Opcode.BGE
+            val leftRegNum = registers.nextFree()
+            val rightRegNum = registers.nextFree()
+            result += expressionEval.translateExpression(ifElse.condition.left, leftRegNum, -1)
+            result += expressionEval.translateExpression(ifElse.condition.right, rightRegNum, -1)
+            val opcode: Opcode
+            val firstReg: Int
+            val secondReg: Int
+            when(ifElse.condition.operator) {
+                "==" -> {
+                    opcode = Opcode.BEQ
+                    firstReg = leftRegNum
+                    secondReg = rightRegNum
+                }
+                "!=" -> {
+                    opcode = Opcode.BNE
+                    firstReg = leftRegNum
+                    secondReg = rightRegNum
+                }
+                "<" -> {
+                    // swapped '>'
+                    opcode = if(signed) Opcode.BGTS else Opcode.BGT
+                    firstReg = rightRegNum
+                    secondReg = leftRegNum
+                }
+                ">" -> {
+                    opcode = if(signed) Opcode.BGTS else Opcode.BGT
+                    firstReg = leftRegNum
+                    secondReg = rightRegNum
+                }
+                "<=" -> {
+                    // swapped '>='
+                    opcode = if(signed) Opcode.BGES else Opcode.BGE
+                    firstReg = rightRegNum
+                    secondReg = leftRegNum
+                }
+                ">=" -> {
+                    opcode = if(signed) Opcode.BGES else Opcode.BGE
+                    firstReg = leftRegNum
+                    secondReg = rightRegNum
+                }
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid comparison operator")
             }
             if(goto.address!=null)
-                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(opcode, irDt, reg1=leftReg, reg2=rightReg, value = goto.address?.toInt()), null)
+                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(opcode, irDt, reg1=firstReg, reg2=secondReg, value = goto.address?.toInt()), null)
             else if(goto.generatedLabel!=null)
-                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(opcode, irDt, reg1=leftReg, reg2=rightReg, labelSymbol = goto.generatedLabel), null)
+                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(opcode, irDt, reg1=firstReg, reg2=secondReg, labelSymbol = goto.generatedLabel), null)
             else
-                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(opcode, irDt, reg1=leftReg, reg2=rightReg, labelSymbol = goto.identifier!!.targetName.joinToString(".")), null)
+                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(opcode, irDt, reg1=firstReg, reg2=secondReg, labelSymbol = goto.identifier!!.name), null)
             return result
         }
 
         fun translateNonZeroComparison(): IRCodeChunks {
             val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
-            val elseBranch = when(ifElse.condition.operator) {
-                "==" -> Opcode.BNE
-                "!=" -> Opcode.BEQ
-                "<" -> if(signed) Opcode.BGES else Opcode.BGE
-                ">" -> if(signed) Opcode.BLES else Opcode.BLE
-                "<=" -> if(signed) Opcode.BGTS else Opcode.BGT
-                ">=" -> if(signed) Opcode.BLTS else Opcode.BLT
+            val leftRegNum = registers.nextFree()
+            val rightRegNum = registers.nextFree()
+            result += expressionEval.translateExpression(ifElse.condition.left, leftRegNum, -1)
+            result += expressionEval.translateExpression(ifElse.condition.right, rightRegNum, -1)
+
+            val elseBranchOpcode: Opcode
+            val elseBranchFirstReg: Int
+            val elseBranchSecondReg: Int
+            when(ifElse.condition.operator) {
+                "==" -> {
+                    elseBranchOpcode = Opcode.BNE
+                    elseBranchFirstReg = leftRegNum
+                    elseBranchSecondReg = rightRegNum
+                }
+                "!=" -> {
+                    elseBranchOpcode = Opcode.BEQ
+                    elseBranchFirstReg = leftRegNum
+                    elseBranchSecondReg = rightRegNum
+                }
+                "<" -> {
+                    // else part when left >= right
+                    elseBranchOpcode = if(signed) Opcode.BGES else Opcode.BGE
+                    elseBranchFirstReg = leftRegNum
+                    elseBranchSecondReg = rightRegNum
+                }
+                ">" -> {
+                    // else part when left <= right --> right >= left
+                    elseBranchOpcode = if(signed) Opcode.BGES else Opcode.BGE
+                    elseBranchFirstReg = rightRegNum
+                    elseBranchSecondReg = leftRegNum
+                }
+                "<=" -> {
+                    // else part when left > right
+                    elseBranchOpcode = if(signed) Opcode.BGTS else Opcode.BGT
+                    elseBranchFirstReg = leftRegNum
+                    elseBranchSecondReg = rightRegNum
+                }
+                ">=" -> {
+                    // else part when left < right --> right > left
+                    elseBranchOpcode = if(signed) Opcode.BGTS else Opcode.BGT
+                    elseBranchFirstReg = rightRegNum
+                    elseBranchSecondReg = leftRegNum
+                }
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid comparison operator")
             }
 
-            val leftReg = registers.nextFree()
-            val rightReg = registers.nextFree()
-            result += expressionEval.translateExpression(ifElse.condition.left, leftReg, -1)
-            result += expressionEval.translateExpression(ifElse.condition.right, rightReg, -1)
             if(ifElse.elseScope.children.isNotEmpty()) {
                 // if and else parts
                 val elseLabel = createLabelName()
                 val afterIfLabel = createLabelName()
-                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(elseBranch, irDt, reg1=leftReg, reg2=rightReg, labelSymbol = elseLabel), null)
+                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(elseBranchOpcode, irDt, reg1=elseBranchFirstReg, reg2=elseBranchSecondReg, labelSymbol = elseLabel), null)
                 result += translateNode(ifElse.ifScope)
                 addInstr(result, IRInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = afterIfLabel), null)
                 result += labelFirstChunk(translateNode(ifElse.elseScope), elseLabel)
@@ -957,7 +1004,7 @@ class IRCodeGen(
             } else {
                 // only if part
                 val afterIfLabel = createLabelName()
-                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(elseBranch, irDt, reg1=leftReg, reg2=rightReg, labelSymbol = afterIfLabel), null)
+                addInstr(result, IRInstruction(elseBranchOpcode, irDt, reg1=elseBranchFirstReg, reg2=elseBranchSecondReg, labelSymbol = afterIfLabel), null)
                 result += translateNode(ifElse.ifScope)
                 result += IRCodeChunk(afterIfLabel, null)
             }
@@ -989,18 +1036,13 @@ class IRCodeGen(
             }
 
             return when (ifElse.condition.operator) {
-                "==" -> {
-                    // if X==0 ...   so we just branch on left expr is Not-zero.
-                    equalOrNotEqualZero(Opcode.BNZ)
-                }
-                "!=" -> {
-                    // if X!=0 ...   so we just branch on left expr is Zero.
-                    equalOrNotEqualZero(Opcode.BZ)
-                }
-                else -> {
-                    // another comparison against 0, just use regular codegen for this.
-                    translateNonZeroComparison()
-                }
+                "==" -> equalOrNotEqualZero(Opcode.BNZ)
+                "!=" -> equalOrNotEqualZero(Opcode.BZ)
+                "<" -> if(signed) equalOrNotEqualZero(Opcode.BGEZS) else throw AssemblyError("unsigned < 0 shouldn't occur in codegen")
+                ">" -> if(signed) equalOrNotEqualZero(Opcode.BLEZS) else throw AssemblyError("unsigned > 0 shouldn't occur in codegen")
+                "<=" -> if(signed) equalOrNotEqualZero(Opcode.BGZS) else throw AssemblyError("unsigned <= 0 shouldn't occur in codegen")
+                ">=" -> if(signed) equalOrNotEqualZero(Opcode.BLZS) else throw AssemblyError("unsigned >= 0 shouldn't occur in codegen")
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("weird operator")
             }
         }
 
@@ -1030,7 +1072,7 @@ class IRCodeGen(
         val irDt = irType(postIncrDecr.target.type)
         val result = mutableListOf<IRCodeChunkBase>()
         if(ident!=null) {
-            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(operationMem, irDt, labelSymbol = ident.targetName.joinToString(".")), null)
+            addInstr(result, IRInstruction(operationMem, irDt, labelSymbol = ident.name), null)
         } else if(memory!=null) {
             if(memory.address is PtNumber) {
                 val address = (memory.address as PtNumber).number.toInt()
@@ -1046,7 +1088,7 @@ class IRCodeGen(
                 result += chunk
             }
         } else if (array!=null) {
-            val variable = array.variable.targetName.joinToString(".")
+            val variable = array.variable.name
             val itemsize = program.memsizer.memorySize(array.type)
             val fixedIndex = constIntValue(array.index)
             if(fixedIndex!=null) {
@@ -1102,7 +1144,7 @@ class IRCodeGen(
             if (jump.generatedLabel != null)
                 IRInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = jump.generatedLabel!!)
             else if (jump.identifier != null)
-                IRInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = jump.identifier!!.targetName.joinToString("."))
+                IRInstruction(Opcode.JUMP, labelSymbol = jump.identifier!!.name)
             else
                 throw AssemblyError("weird jump")
         }
@@ -1135,8 +1177,8 @@ class IRCodeGen(
         for (child in block.children) {
             when(child) {
                 is PtNop -> { /* nothing */ }
-                is PtAssignment -> { /* global variable initialization is done elsewhere */ }
-                is PtScopeVarsDecls -> { /* vars should be looked up via symbol table */ }
+                is PtAssignment, is PtAugmentedAssign -> { /* global variable initialization is done elsewhere */ }
+                is PtVariable, is PtConstant, is PtMemMapped -> { /* vars should be looked up via symbol table */ }
                 is PtSub -> {
                     val sub = IRSubroutine(child.name, translate(child.parameters), child.returntype, child.position)
                     for (subchild in child.children) {
@@ -1160,8 +1202,8 @@ class IRCodeGen(
                             child.name,
                             child.address,
                             child.clobbers,
-                            child.parameters.map { IRAsmSubroutine.IRAsmParam(it.second, it.first.type) },        // note: the name of the asmsub param is not used anymore.
-                            child.returnTypes.zip(child.retvalRegisters).map { IRAsmSubroutine.IRAsmParam(it.second, it.first) },
+                            child.parameters.map { IRAsmSubroutine.IRAsmParam(it.first, it.second.type) },        // note: the name of the asmsub param is not used here anymore
+                            child.returns.map { IRAsmSubroutine.IRAsmParam(it.first, it.second)},
                             asmChunk,
                             child.position
                         )
@@ -1184,9 +1226,9 @@ class IRCodeGen(
 
     private fun translate(parameters: List<PtSubroutineParameter>) =
         parameters.map {
-            val flattenedName = (it.definingSub()!!.scopedName + it.name)
+            val flattenedName = it.definingSub()!!.name + "." + it.name
             val orig = symbolTable.flat.getValue(flattenedName) as StStaticVariable
-            IRSubroutine.IRParam(flattenedName.joinToString("."), orig.dt)
+            IRSubroutine.IRParam(flattenedName, orig.dt)
         }
 
     private fun translate(alignment: PtBlock.BlockAlignment): IRBlock.BlockAlignment {

codeGenIntermediate/src/prog8/codegen/vm/VmCodeGen.kt

@@ -3,29 +3,28 @@ package prog8.codegen.vm
 import prog8.code.SymbolTable
 import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
 import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.code.core.IAssemblyGenerator
 import prog8.code.core.IAssemblyProgram
+import prog8.code.core.ICodeGeneratorBackend
 import prog8.code.core.IErrorReporter
 import prog8.codegen.intermediate.IRCodeGen
 import prog8.intermediate.IRFileWriter
 import prog8.intermediate.IRProgram
 
-class VmCodeGen(private val program: PtProgram,
-                private val symbolTable: SymbolTable,
-                private val options: CompilationOptions,
-                private val errors: IErrorReporter
-): IAssemblyGenerator {
-    override fun compileToAssembly(): IAssemblyProgram? {
-
+class VmCodeGen: ICodeGeneratorBackend {
+    override fun generate(
+        program: PtProgram,
+        symbolTable: SymbolTable,
+        options: CompilationOptions,
+        errors: IErrorReporter
+    ): IAssemblyProgram? {
         val irCodeGen = IRCodeGen(program, symbolTable, options, errors)
         val irProgram = irCodeGen.generate()
-
         return VmAssemblyProgram(irProgram.name, irProgram)
     }
 }
 
 
-internal class VmAssemblyProgram(override val name: String, private val irProgram: IRProgram): IAssemblyProgram {
+internal class VmAssemblyProgram(override val name: String, internal val irProgram: IRProgram): IAssemblyProgram {
 
     override fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions): Boolean {
         // the VM reads the IR file from disk.

codeGenIntermediate/test/Dummies.kt

@@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
-import prog8.code.core.DataType
-import prog8.code.core.Encoding
-import prog8.code.core.IMemSizer
-import prog8.code.core.IStringEncoding
+import prog8.code.core.*
 
 
 internal object DummyMemsizer : IMemSizer {
-    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType) = 0
-    override fun memorySize(arrayDt: DataType, numElements: Int) = 0
+    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType) = when(dt) {
+        in ByteDatatypes -> 1
+        DataType.FLOAT -> 5
+        else -> 2
+    }
+    override fun memorySize(arrayDt: DataType, numElements: Int) = when(arrayDt) {
+        DataType.ARRAY_UW -> numElements*2
+        DataType.ARRAY_W -> numElements*2
+        DataType.ARRAY_F -> numElements*5
+        else -> numElements
+    }
 }
 
 internal object DummyStringEncoder : IStringEncoding {
@@ -14,7 +20,39 @@ internal object DummyStringEncoder : IStringEncoding {
         return emptyList()
     }
 
-    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String {
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: Iterable<UByte>, encoding: Encoding): String {
         return ""
     }
 }
+
+internal class ErrorReporterForTests(private val throwExceptionAtReportIfErrors: Boolean=true, private val keepMessagesAfterReporting: Boolean=false):
+    IErrorReporter {
+
+    val errors = mutableListOf<String>()
+    val warnings = mutableListOf<String>()
+
+    override fun err(msg: String, position: Position) {
+        errors.add("${position.toClickableStr()} $msg")
+    }
+
+    override fun warn(msg: String, position: Position) {
+        warnings.add("${position.toClickableStr()} $msg")
+    }
+
+    override fun noErrors(): Boolean  = errors.isEmpty()
+
+    override fun report() {
+        warnings.forEach { println("UNITTEST COMPILATION REPORT: WARNING: $it") }
+        errors.forEach { println("UNITTEST COMPILATION REPORT: ERROR: $it") }
+        if(throwExceptionAtReportIfErrors)
+            finalizeNumErrors(errors.size, warnings.size)
+        if(!keepMessagesAfterReporting) {
+            clear()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun clear() {
+        errors.clear()
+        warnings.clear()
+    }
+}

codeGenIntermediate/test/TestVmCodeGen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.ints.shouldBeGreaterThan
+import prog8.code.SymbolTableMaker
+import prog8.code.ast.*
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import prog8.code.target.VMTarget
+import prog8.codegen.vm.VmAssemblyProgram
+import prog8.codegen.vm.VmCodeGen
+import prog8.intermediate.IRSubroutine
+
+class TestVmCodeGen: FunSpec({
+
+    fun getTestOptions(): CompilationOptions {
+        val target = VMTarget()
+        return CompilationOptions(
+            OutputType.RAW,
+            CbmPrgLauncherType.NONE,
+            ZeropageType.DONTUSE,
+            zpReserved = emptyList(),
+            floats = true,
+            noSysInit = false,
+            compTarget = target,
+            loadAddress = target.machine.PROGRAM_LOAD_ADDRESS
+        )
+    }
+
+    test("augmented assigns") {
+//main {
+//    sub start() {
+//        ubyte[] particleX = [1,2,3]
+//        ubyte[] particleDX = [1,2,3]
+//        particleX[2] += particleDX[2]
+//
+//        word @shared xx = 1
+//        xx = -xx
+//        xx += 42
+//        xx += cx16.r0
+//    }
+//}
+        val codegen = VmCodeGen()
+        val program = PtProgram("test", DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val block = PtBlock("main", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        val sub = PtSub("start", emptyList(), null, Position.DUMMY)
+        sub.add(PtVariable("pi", DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 0.0, Position.DUMMY), null, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(PtVariable("particleX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, 3u, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(PtVariable("particleDX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, 3u, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(PtVariable("xx", DataType.WORD, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, PtNumber(DataType.WORD, 1.0, Position.DUMMY), null, Position.DUMMY))
+
+        val assign = PtAugmentedAssign("+=", Position.DUMMY)
+        val target = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            val targetIdx = PtArrayIndexer(DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY).also { idx ->
+                idx.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.particleX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, Position.DUMMY))
+                idx.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 2.0, Position.DUMMY))
+            }
+            it.add(targetIdx)
+        }
+        val value = PtArrayIndexer(DataType.UBYTE, Position.DUMMY)
+        value.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.particleDX", DataType.ARRAY_UB, Position.DUMMY))
+        value.add(PtNumber(DataType.UBYTE, 2.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        assign.add(target)
+        assign.add(value)
+        sub.add(assign)
+
+        val prefixAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("-", Position.DUMMY)
+        val prefixTarget = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        }
+        prefixAssign.add(prefixTarget)
+        prefixAssign.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(prefixAssign)
+
+        val numberAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("+=", Position.DUMMY)
+        val numberAssignTarget = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        }
+        numberAssign.add(numberAssignTarget)
+        numberAssign.add(PtNumber(DataType.WORD, 42.0, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(numberAssign)
+
+        val cxregAssign = PtAugmentedAssign("+=", Position.DUMMY)
+        val cxregAssignTarget = PtAssignTarget(Position.DUMMY).also {
+            it.add(PtIdentifier("main.start.xx", DataType.WORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        }
+        cxregAssign.add(cxregAssignTarget)
+        cxregAssign.add(PtIdentifier("cx16.r0", DataType.UWORD, Position.DUMMY))
+        sub.add(cxregAssign)
+
+        block.add(sub)
+        program.add(block)
+
+        // define the "cx16.r0" virtual register
+        val cx16block = PtBlock("cx16", null, false, false, PtBlock.BlockAlignment.NONE, SourceCode.Generated("test"), Position.DUMMY)
+        cx16block.add(PtMemMapped("r0", DataType.UWORD, 100u, null, Position.DUMMY))
+        program.add(cx16block)
+
+        val options = getTestOptions()
+        val st = SymbolTableMaker(program, options).make()
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        val result = codegen.generate(program, st, options, errors) as VmAssemblyProgram
+        val irChunks = (result.irProgram.blocks.first().children.single() as IRSubroutine).chunks
+        irChunks.size shouldBeGreaterThan 4
+    }
+})

codeGenVirtual/codeGenVirtual.iml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module version="4">
+  <component name="NewModuleRootManager" inherit-compiler-output="true">
+    <exclude-output />
+    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
+    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
+  </component>
+</module>

codeOptimizers/src/prog8/optimizer/BinExprSplitter.kt

@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@ import prog8.ast.IStatementContainer
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.expressions.BinaryExpression
-import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
-import prog8.ast.expressions.TypecastExpression
-import prog8.ast.getTempVar
 import prog8.ast.statements.AssignTarget
 import prog8.ast.statements.Assignment
 import prog8.ast.statements.AssignmentOrigin
@@ -31,23 +28,6 @@ class BinExprSplitter(private val program: Program, private val options: Compila
         val binExpr = assignment.value as? BinaryExpression
         if (binExpr != null) {
 
-/*
-
-Reduce the complexity of a (binary) expression that has to be evaluated on the eval stack,
-by attempting to splitting it up into individual simple steps.
-We only consider a binary expression *one* level deep (so the operands must not be a combined expression)
-
-
-X =      BinExpr                                    X   =   LeftExpr
-        <operator>                                     followed by
-          /   \             IF 'X' not used         X   =   BinExpr
-         /     \             IN expression ==>             <operator>
-        /       \                                           /   \
-    LeftExpr.  RightExpr.                                  /     \
-                                                          X     RightExpr.
-
-
- */
             if(binExpr.operator in AugmentAssignmentOperators && isSimpleTarget(assignment.target)) {
                 if(assignment.target isSameAs binExpr.right)
                     return noModifications
@@ -60,20 +40,6 @@ X =      BinExpr                                    X   =   LeftExpr
                     val rightBx = binExpr.right as? BinaryExpression
                     if(rightBx!=null && (!rightBx.left.isSimple || !rightBx.right.isSimple))
                         return noModifications
-
-                      // TODO below attempts to remove stack-based evaluated expressions, but often the resulting code is BIGGER, and SLOWER.
-//                    val dt = assignment.target.inferType(program)
-//                    if(!dt.isInteger)
-//                        return noModifications
-//                    val tempVar = IdentifierReference(getTempVarName(dt), binExpr.right.position)
-//                    val assignTempVar = Assignment(
-//                        AssignTarget(tempVar, null, null, binExpr.right.position),
-//                        binExpr.right, binExpr.right.position
-//                    )
-//                    return listOf(
-//                        IAstModification.InsertBefore(assignment, assignTempVar, assignment.parent as IStatementContainer),
-//                        IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.right, tempVar.copy(), binExpr)
-//                    )
                 }
 
                 if(binExpr.right.isSimple) {
@@ -87,30 +53,10 @@ X =      BinExpr                                    X   =   LeftExpr
                 }
             }
 
-            // TODO further unraveling of binary expression trees into flat statements.
-            // however this should probably be done in a more generic way to also work on
-            // the expressiontrees that are not used in an assignment statement...
-        }
-
-        val typecast = assignment.value as? TypecastExpression
-        if(typecast!=null) {
-            val origExpr = typecast.expression as? BinaryExpression
-            if(origExpr!=null && options.compTarget.name!=VMTarget.NAME) {
-                // it's a typecast of a binary expression.
-                // we can see if we can unwrap the binary expression by working on a new temporary variable
-                // (that has the type of the expression), and then finally doing the typecast.
-                // Once it's outside the typecast, the regular splitting can commence.
-                val tempvarDt = origExpr.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
-                val (tempVarName, _) = program.getTempVar(tempvarDt)
-                val assignTempVar = Assignment(
-                    AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(tempVarName, typecast.position), null, null, typecast.position),
-                    typecast.expression, AssignmentOrigin.OPTIMIZER, typecast.position
-                )
-                return listOf(
-                    IAstModification.InsertBefore(assignment, assignTempVar, parent as IStatementContainer),
-                    IAstModification.ReplaceNode(typecast.expression, IdentifierReference(tempVarName, typecast.position), typecast)
-                )
-            }
+            // Further unraveling of binary expressions is really complicated here and
+            // often results in much bigger code, thereby defeating the purpose a bit.
+            // All in all this should probably be fixed in a better code generation backend
+            // that doesn't require this at all.
         }
 
         return noModifications

codeOptimizers/src/prog8/optimizer/ConstantFoldingOptimizer.kt

@@ -354,9 +354,11 @@ class ConstantFoldingOptimizer(private val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
         if(decl.type== VarDeclType.CONST && numval!=null) {
             val valueDt = numval.inferType(program)
             if(valueDt isnot decl.datatype) {
-                val cast = numval.cast(decl.datatype)
-                if(cast.isValid)
-                    return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(numval, cast.valueOrZero(), decl))
+                if(decl.datatype!=DataType.BOOL || valueDt.isnot(DataType.UBYTE)) {
+                    val cast = numval.cast(decl.datatype)
+                    if (cast.isValid)
+                        return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(numval, cast.valueOrZero(), decl))
+                }
             }
         }
         return noModifications
@@ -386,9 +388,9 @@ class ConstantFoldingOptimizer(private val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
        subleftIsConst: Boolean,
        subrightIsConst: Boolean): IAstModification?
     {
-        // NOTE: THIS IS ONLY VALID ON FLOATING POINT CONSTANTS
+        // NOTE: THESE REORDERINGS ARE ONLY VALID FOR FLOATING POINT CONSTANTS
+        // TODO: this implements only a small set of possible reorderings at this time, we could perhaps add more
 
-        // TODO: this implements only a small set of possible reorderings at this time, we could think of more
         if(expr.operator==subExpr.operator) {
             // both operators are the same.
 

codeOptimizers/src/prog8/optimizer/ExpressionSimplifier.kt

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import kotlin.math.abs
 import kotlin.math.log2
 import kotlin.math.pow
 
-// TODO add more peephole expression optimizations? Investigate what optimizations binaryen has, also see  https://egorbo.com/peephole-optimizations.html
+// TODO add more peephole expression optimizations? Investigate what optimizations binaryen has
 
 class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program,
                            private val errors: IErrorReporter,
@@ -187,12 +187,37 @@ class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program,
             }
         }
 
+        // X <= Y-1 ---> X<Y  ,  X >= Y+1 ---> X>Y
+        if(leftDt in IntegerDatatypes && rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
+            val rightExpr = expr.right as? BinaryExpression
+            if(rightExpr!=null && rightExpr.right.constValue(program)?.number==1.0) {
+                if (expr.operator == "<=" && rightExpr.operator == "-") {
+                    expr.operator = "<"
+                    return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(rightExpr, rightExpr.left, expr))
+                } else if (expr.operator == ">=" && rightExpr.operator == "+") {
+                    expr.operator = ">"
+                    return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(rightExpr, rightExpr.left, expr))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         if(leftDt!=DataType.FLOAT && expr.operator == ">=" && rightVal?.number == 1.0) {
             // for integers: x >= 1  -->  x > 0
             expr.operator = ">"
             return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.right, NumericLiteral.optimalInteger(0, expr.right.position), expr))
         }
 
+        // for signed integers: X <= -1 => X<0 ,  X > -1 => X>=0
+        if(leftDt in SignedDatatypes && leftDt!=DataType.FLOAT && rightVal?.number==-1.0) {
+            if(expr.operator=="<=") {
+                expr.operator = "<"
+                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.right, NumericLiteral(rightDt, 0.0, expr.right.position), expr))
+            } else if(expr.operator==">") {
+                expr.operator = ">="
+                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.right, NumericLiteral(rightDt, 0.0, expr.right.position), expr))
+            }
+        }
+
         if (leftDt == DataType.UBYTE || leftDt == DataType.UWORD) {
             if(expr.operator == ">=" && rightVal?.number == 0.0) {
                 // unsigned >= 0 --> true
@@ -231,6 +256,18 @@ class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program,
             }
         }
 
+        if(leftDt==DataType.BOOL) {
+            // optimize boolean constant comparisons
+//            if(expr.operator=="==" && rightVal?.number==0.0)
+//                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, PrefixExpression("not", expr.left, expr.position), parent))
+//            if(expr.operator=="!=" && rightVal?.number==1.0)
+//                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, PrefixExpression("not", expr.left, expr.position), parent))
+            if(expr.operator=="==" && rightVal?.number==1.0)
+                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, expr.left, parent))
+            if(expr.operator=="!=" && rightVal?.number==0.0)
+                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, expr.left, parent))
+        }
+
         // simplify when a term is constant and directly determines the outcome
         val constFalse = NumericLiteral.fromBoolean(false, expr.position)
         val newExpr: Expression? = when (expr.operator) {

codeOptimizers/src/prog8/optimizer/Inliner.kt

@@ -118,9 +118,11 @@ class Inliner(val program: Program): AstWalker() {
         }
 
         private fun makeFullyScoped(identifier: IdentifierReference) {
-            val scoped = (identifier.targetStatement(program)!! as INamedStatement).scopedName
-            val scopedIdent = IdentifierReference(scoped, identifier.position)
-            modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(identifier, scopedIdent, identifier.parent)
+            identifier.targetStatement(program)?.let { target ->
+                val scoped = (target as INamedStatement).scopedName
+                val scopedIdent = IdentifierReference(scoped, identifier.position)
+                modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(identifier, scopedIdent, identifier.parent)
+            }
         }
 
         private fun makeFullyScoped(call: BuiltinFunctionCallStatement) {
@@ -130,27 +132,30 @@ class Inliner(val program: Program): AstWalker() {
         }
 
         private fun makeFullyScoped(call: FunctionCallStatement) {
-            val sub = call.target.targetSubroutine(program)!!
-            val scopedName = IdentifierReference(sub.scopedName, call.target.position)
-            val scopedArgs = makeScopedArgs(call.args)
-            val scopedCall = FunctionCallStatement(scopedName, scopedArgs.toMutableList(), call.void, call.position)
-            modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(call, scopedCall, call.parent)
+            call.target.targetSubroutine(program)?.let { sub ->
+                val scopedName = IdentifierReference(sub.scopedName, call.target.position)
+                val scopedArgs = makeScopedArgs(call.args)
+                val scopedCall = FunctionCallStatement(scopedName, scopedArgs.toMutableList(), call.void, call.position)
+                modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(call, scopedCall, call.parent)
+            }
         }
 
         private fun makeFullyScoped(call: BuiltinFunctionCall) {
-            val sub = call.target.targetSubroutine(program)!!
-            val scopedName = IdentifierReference(sub.scopedName, call.target.position)
-            val scopedArgs = makeScopedArgs(call.args)
-            val scopedCall = BuiltinFunctionCall(scopedName, scopedArgs.toMutableList(), call.position)
-            modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(call, scopedCall, call.parent)
+            call.target.targetSubroutine(program)?.let { sub ->
+                val scopedName = IdentifierReference(sub.scopedName, call.target.position)
+                val scopedArgs = makeScopedArgs(call.args)
+                val scopedCall = BuiltinFunctionCall(scopedName, scopedArgs.toMutableList(), call.position)
+                modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(call, scopedCall, call.parent)
+            }
         }
 
         private fun makeFullyScoped(call: FunctionCallExpression) {
-            val sub = call.target.targetSubroutine(program)!!
-            val scopedName = IdentifierReference(sub.scopedName, call.target.position)
-            val scopedArgs = makeScopedArgs(call.args)
-            val scopedCall = FunctionCallExpression(scopedName, scopedArgs.toMutableList(), call.position)
-            modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(call, scopedCall, call.parent)
+            call.target.targetSubroutine(program)?.let { sub ->
+                val scopedName = IdentifierReference(sub.scopedName, call.target.position)
+                val scopedArgs = makeScopedArgs(call.args)
+                val scopedCall = FunctionCallExpression(scopedName, scopedArgs.toMutableList(), call.position)
+                modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(call, scopedCall, call.parent)
+            }
         }
 
         private fun makeScopedArgs(args: List<Expression>): List<Expression> {

codeOptimizers/src/prog8/optimizer/UnusedCodeRemover.kt

@@ -120,12 +120,26 @@ class UnusedCodeRemover(private val program: Program,
                         if(singleUse is AssignTarget) {
                             val assignment = singleUse.parent as Assignment
                             if(assignment.origin==AssignmentOrigin.VARINIT) {
-                                if(!decl.definingModule.isLibrary)
-                                    errors.warn("removing unused variable '${decl.name}'", decl.position)
-                                return listOf(
-                                    IAstModification.Remove(decl, parent as IStatementContainer),
-                                    IAstModification.Remove(assignment, assignment.parent as IStatementContainer)
-                                )
+                                if(assignment.value.isSimple) {
+                                    // remove the vardecl
+                                    if(!decl.definingModule.isLibrary)
+                                        errors.warn("removing unused variable '${decl.name}'", decl.position)
+                                    return listOf(
+                                        IAstModification.Remove(decl, parent as IStatementContainer),
+                                        IAstModification.Remove(assignment, assignment.parent as IStatementContainer)
+                                    )
+                                } else if(assignment.value is IFunctionCall) {
+                                    // replace the unused variable's initializer function call by a void
+                                    errors.warn("replaced unused variable '${decl.name}' with void call, maybe this can be removed altogether", decl.position)
+                                    val fcall = assignment.value as IFunctionCall
+                                    val voidCall = FunctionCallStatement(fcall.target, fcall.args, true, fcall.position)
+                                    return listOf(
+                                        IAstModification.ReplaceNode(decl, voidCall, parent),
+                                        IAstModification.Remove(assignment, assignment.parent as IStatementContainer)
+                                    )
+                                } else {
+                                    errors.warn("variable '${decl.name}' is unused but has non-trivial initialization assignment. Leaving this in but maybe it can be removed altogether", decl.position)
+                                }
                             }
                         }
                     }

compiler/build.gradle

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ dependencies {
     implementation project(':codeGenIntermediate')
     implementation project(':codeGenExperimental')
     implementation project(':virtualmachine')
-    implementation 'org.antlr:antlr4-runtime:4.10.1'
+    implementation 'org.antlr:antlr4-runtime:4.11.1'
     implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8"
     // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect"
     implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-cli:0.3.4'

compiler/res/prog8lib/c128/floats.p8

@@ -120,17 +120,6 @@ asmsub  GIVAYFAY  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)  {
 	}}
 }
 
-asmsub  FTOSWRDAY  () clobbers(X) -> uword @ AY  {
-	; ---- fac1 to signed word in A/Y
-	%asm {{
-		jsr  FTOSWORDYA	; note the inverse Y/A order
-		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-		tya
-		ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-		rts
-	}}
-}
-
 asmsub  GETADRAY  () clobbers(X) -> uword @ AY  {
 	; ---- fac1 to unsigned word in A/Y
 	%asm {{

compiler/res/prog8lib/c128/syslib.p8

@@ -561,15 +561,32 @@ sys {
         }}
     }
 
-    sub wait(uword jiffies) {
-        ; --- wait approximately the given number of jiffies (1/60th seconds)
+    asmsub wait(uword jiffies @AY) {
+        ; --- wait approximately the given number of jiffies (1/60th seconds) (N or N+1)
         ;     note: the system irq handler has to be active for this to work as it depends on the system jiffy clock
-        repeat jiffies {
-            ubyte jiff = lsb(c64.RDTIM16())
-            while jiff==lsb(c64.RDTIM16()) {
-                ; wait until 1 jiffy has passed
-            }
-        }
+        %asm {{
+            stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+            sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+
+_loop       lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+            ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+            bne  +
+            ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            rts
+
++           lda  c64.TIME_LO
+            sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+-           lda  c64.TIME_LO
+            cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            beq  -
+
+            lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+            bne  +
+            dec  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
++           dec  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+            jmp  _loop
+        }}
     }
 
     asmsub waitvsync() clobbers(A) {

compiler/res/prog8lib/c64/floats.p8

@@ -28,10 +28,6 @@ romsub $bc0c = MOVAF() clobbers(A,X)                        ; copy fac1 to fac2
 romsub $bc0f = MOVEF() clobbers(A,X)                        ; copy fac1 to fac2
 romsub $bbd4 = MOVMF(uword mflpt @ XY) clobbers(A,Y)        ; store fac1 to memory  X/Y as 5-byte mflpt
 
-; fac1-> signed word in Y/A (might throw ILLEGAL QUANTITY)
-; (tip: use floats.FTOSWRDAY to get A/Y output; lo/hi switched to normal little endian order)
-romsub $b1aa = FTOSWORDYA() clobbers(X) -> ubyte @ Y, ubyte @ A       ; note: calls AYINT.
-
 ; fac1 -> unsigned word in Y/A (might throw ILLEGAL QUANTITY) (result also in $14/15)
 ; (tip: use floats.GETADRAY to get A/Y output; lo/hi switched to normal little endian order)
 romsub $b7f7 = GETADR() clobbers(X) -> ubyte @ Y, ubyte @ A
@@ -147,17 +143,6 @@ asmsub  GIVAYFAY  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)  {
 	}}
 }
 
-asmsub  FTOSWRDAY  () clobbers(X) -> uword @ AY  {
-	; ---- fac1 to signed word in A/Y
-	%asm {{
-		jsr  FTOSWORDYA	; note the inverse Y/A order
-		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		tya
-		ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-		rts
-	}}
-}
-
 asmsub  GETADRAY  () clobbers(X) -> uword @ AY  {
 	; ---- fac1 to unsigned word in A/Y
 	%asm {{

compiler/res/prog8lib/c64/syslib.p8

@@ -527,15 +527,32 @@ sys {
         }}
     }
 
-    sub wait(uword jiffies) {
-        ; --- wait approximately the given number of jiffies (1/60th seconds)
+    asmsub wait(uword jiffies @AY) {
+        ; --- wait approximately the given number of jiffies (1/60th seconds) (N or N+1)
         ;     note: the system irq handler has to be active for this to work as it depends on the system jiffy clock
-        repeat jiffies {
-            ubyte jiff = lsb(c64.RDTIM16())
-            while jiff==lsb(c64.RDTIM16()) {
-                ; wait until 1 jiffy has passed
-            }
-        }
+        %asm {{
+            stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+            sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+
+_loop       lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+            ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+            bne  +
+            ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            rts
+
++           lda  c64.TIME_LO
+            sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+-           lda  c64.TIME_LO
+            cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            beq  -
+
+            lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+            bne  +
+            dec  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
++           dec  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+            jmp  _loop
+        }}
     }
 
     asmsub waitvsync() clobbers(A) {

compiler/res/prog8lib/conv.p8

@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ asmsub  uword2decimal  (uword value @AY) -> ubyte @Y, ubyte @A, ubyte @X  {
 
 ;Convert 16 bit Hex to Decimal (0-65535) Rev 2
 ;By Omegamatrix    Further optimizations by tepples
-; routine from https://forums.nesdev.org/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=11341&start=15
+; routine from https://forums.nesdev.org/viewtopic.php?p=130363&sid=1944ba8bac4d6afa9c02e3cc42304e6b#p130363
 
 ;HexToDec99
 ; start in A

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/cx16diskio.p8

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 cx16diskio {
 
+    ; Same as diskio.load() but with additional bank parameter to select the Ram bank to load into.
     ; Use kernal LOAD routine to load the given program file in memory.
     ; This is similar to Basic's  LOAD "filename",drive  /  LOAD "filename",drive,1
     ; If you don't give an address_override, the location in memory is taken from the 2-byte file header.
@@ -14,9 +15,10 @@ cx16diskio {
     ; You can use the load_size() function to calcuate the size of the file that was loaded.
     sub load(ubyte drivenumber, uword filenameptr, ubyte bank, uword address_override) -> uword {
         cx16.rambank(bank)
-        return diskio.load(drivenumber, filenameptr, address_override)
+        return diskio.internal_load_routine(drivenumber, filenameptr, address_override, false)
     }
 
+    ; Same as diskio.load_raw() but with additional bank parameter to select the Ram bank to load into.
     ; Use kernal LOAD routine to load the given file in memory.
     ; INCLUDING the first 2 bytes in the file: no program header is assumed in the file.
     ; The load address is mandatory. Returns the number of bytes loaded.
@@ -24,9 +26,9 @@ cx16diskio {
     ; or alternatively make sure to reset the correct ram bank yourself after the load!
     ; Returns the end load address+1 if successful or 0 if a load error occurred.
     ; You can use the load_size() function to calcuate the size of the file that was loaded.
-    sub load_raw(ubyte drivenumber, uword filenameptr, ubyte bank, uword address) -> uword {
+    sub load_raw(ubyte drivenumber, uword filenameptr, ubyte bank, uword address_override) -> uword {
         cx16.rambank(bank)
-        return diskio.load_headerless_cx16(drivenumber, filenameptr, address, true)
+        return diskio.internal_load_routine(drivenumber, filenameptr, address_override, true)
     }
 
     ; For use directly after a load or load_raw call (don't mess with the ram bank yet):
@@ -87,8 +89,9 @@ internal_vload:
         }}
     }
 
-    ; replacement function that makes use of fast block read capability of the X16
-    ; use this in place of regular diskio.f_read()
+    ; Replacement function that makes use of fast block read capability of the X16,
+    ; and can wrap over multiple ram banks while reading.
+    ; Use this in place of regular diskio.f_read() on X16.
     sub f_read(uword bufferpointer, uword num_bytes) -> uword {
         ; -- read from the currently open file, up to the given number of bytes.
         ;    returns the actual number of bytes read.  (checks for End-of-file and error conditions)
@@ -147,7 +150,7 @@ m_in_buffer     sta  $ffff
     }
 
     ; replacement function that makes use of fast block read capability of the X16
-    ; use this in place of regular diskio.f_read_all()
+    ; use this in place of regular diskio.f_read_all() on X16
     sub f_read_all(uword bufferpointer) -> uword {
         ; -- read the full contents of the file, returns number of bytes read.
         if not diskio.iteration_in_progress

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/floats.p8

@@ -119,17 +119,6 @@ asmsub  GIVAYFAY  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,X,Y)  {
 	}}
 }
 
-asmsub  FTOSWRDAY  () clobbers(X) -> uword @ AY  {
-	; ---- fac1 to signed word in A/Y
-	%asm {{
-		jsr  FTOSWORDYA	; note the inverse Y/A order
-		sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-		tya
-		ldy  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
-		rts
-	}}
-}
-
 asmsub  GETADRAY  () clobbers(X) -> uword @ AY  {
 	; ---- fac1 to unsigned word in A/Y
 	%asm {{

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/syslib.p8

@@ -454,19 +454,28 @@ inline asmsub getrombank() -> ubyte @A {
 }
 
 inline asmsub getrambank() -> ubyte @A {
-    ; -- get the current ram bank
+    ; -- get the current RAM bank
     %asm {{
         lda  $00
     }}
 }
 
-asmsub numbanks() -> ubyte @A {
-    ; -- uses MEMTOP's cx16 extension to query the number of available RAM banks. (each is 8 Kb)
+asmsub numbanks() -> uword @AY {
+    ; -- Returns the number of available RAM banks according to the kernal (each bank is 8 Kb).
+    ;    Note that the number of such banks can be 256 so a word is returned.
+    ;    But just looking at the A register (the LSB of the result word) could suffice if you know that A=0 means 256 banks:
+    ;    The maximum number of RAM banks in the X16 is currently 256 (2 Megabytes of banked RAM).
+    ;    Kernal's MEMTOP routine reports 0 in this case but that doesn't mean 'zero banks', instead it means 256 banks,
+    ;    as there is no X16 without at least 1 page of banked RAM. So this routine returns 256 instead of 0.
     %asm {{
         phx
         sec
         jsr  c64.MEMTOP
-        plx
+        ldy  #0
+        cmp  #0
+        bne  +
+        iny
++       plx
         rts
     }}
 }
@@ -624,13 +633,17 @@ asmsub  init_system()  {
     ; Called automatically by the loader program logic.
     %asm {{
         sei
+        lda  #0
+        tax
+        tay
+        jsr  cx16.mouse_config  ; disable mouse
         cld
         lda  VERA_DC_VIDEO
         and  #%00000111 ; retain chroma + output mode
         sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
         lda  #$80
         sta  VERA_CTRL  ; reset vera
-        stz  $01        ; select rom bank 0 (enable kernal)
+        stz  $01        ; rom bank 0 (kernal)
         jsr  c64.IOINIT
         jsr  c64.RESTOR
         jsr  c64.CINT
@@ -638,13 +651,11 @@ asmsub  init_system()  {
         and  #%11111000
         ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
         sta  VERA_DC_VIDEO  ; keep old output mode
-        ldy  #0
-        clc
-        jsr  c64.PLOT   ; force a call to PLOT to avoid autostart black square issue, also see textio.fix_autostart_square()
         lda  #$90       ; black
         jsr  c64.CHROUT
-        lda  #1         ; swap fg/bg
-        jsr  c64.CHROUT
+        lda  #1
+        sta  $00        ; select ram bank 1
+        jsr  c64.CHROUT ; swap fg/bg
         lda  #$9e       ; yellow
         jsr  c64.CHROUT
         lda  #147       ; clear screen
@@ -677,7 +688,7 @@ asmsub  cleanup_at_exit() {
         lda  #1
         sta  $00        ; ram bank 1
         lda  #4
-        sta  $01        ; rom bank 4 (kernal)
+        sta  $01        ; rom bank 4 (basic)
         stz  $2d        ; hack to reset machine code monitor bank to 0
         rts
     }}
@@ -707,8 +718,7 @@ _modified	jsr  $ffff                      ; modified
 		lda  _use_kernal
 		bne  +
 		; end irq processing - don't use kernal's irq handling
-		lda  cx16.VERA_ISR
-		ora  #1
+		lda  #1
 		sta  cx16.VERA_ISR      ; clear Vera Vsync irq status
 		ply
 		plx
@@ -911,17 +921,29 @@ sys {
 
     asmsub wait(uword jiffies @AY) {
         ; --- wait approximately the given number of jiffies (1/60th seconds) (N or N+1)
-        ;     note: regular system vsync irq handler must be running, and no nother irqs
+        ;     note: the system irq handler has to be active for this to work as it depends on the system jiffy clock
         %asm {{
--           wai             ; wait for irq (assume it was vsync)
-            cmp  #0
+            phx
+            sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+            sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+
+_loop       lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+            ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
             bne  +
-            dey
-+           dec  a
-            bne  -
-            cpy  #0
-            bne  -
+            plx
             rts
+
++           jsr  c64.RDTIM
+            sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+-           jsr  c64.RDTIM
+            cmp  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
+            beq  -
+
+            lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+            bne  +
+            dec  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
++           dec  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+            bra  _loop
         }}
     }
 

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/textio.p8

@@ -21,26 +21,6 @@ sub home() {
     txt.chrout(19)
 }
 
-asmsub fix_autostart_square() {
-    ; Here's a possible work around for weird issue that prints a black character after first call to c64.PLOT()
-    ; if you're also using c64.CINT() yourself. The default prog8 program initialization (which calls CINT) already performs this workaround.
-    ; The problem occurs when a program is autostarded in the emulator with -run -prg test.prg,
-    ; or when the program is saved as AUTOBOOT.X16 and loaded on boot like that.
-    %asm {{
-        phx
-        sec
-        jsr  c64.PLOT
-        clc
-        jsr  c64.PLOT
-        lda  #' '
-        jsr  c64.CHROUT     ; overwrite the black square
-        clc
-        jsr  c64.PLOT       ; cursor back to original position
-        plx
-        rts
-    }}
-}
-
 sub nl() {
     txt.chrout('\n')
 }

compiler/res/prog8lib/diskio.p8

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ diskio {
             void c64.CHRIN()     ; skip the 4 prologue bytes
         }
 
-        ; while not key pressed / EOF encountered, read data.
+        ; while not stop key pressed / EOF encountered, read data.
         status = c64.READST()
         if status!=0 {
             status = 1
@@ -84,7 +84,6 @@ io_error:
         if c64.READST()!=0
             goto io_error
 
-        ; while not key pressed / EOF encountered, read data.
         cx16.r0 = &list_filename
         repeat {
             @(cx16.r0) = c64.CHRIN()
@@ -283,6 +282,7 @@ close_end:
         ;    returns the actual number of bytes read.  (checks for End-of-file and error conditions)
         ;    NOTE: on systems with banked ram (such as Commander X16) this routine DOES NOT
         ;          automatically load into subsequent banks if it reaches a bank boundary!
+        ;          Consider using cx16diskio.f_read() on X16.
         if not iteration_in_progress or not num_bytes
             return 0
 
@@ -317,6 +317,7 @@ m_in_buffer     sta  $ffff
 
     sub f_read_all(uword bufferpointer) -> uword {
         ; -- read the full contents of the file, returns number of bytes read.
+        ;    Note: Consider using cx16diskio.f_read_all() on X16!
         if not iteration_in_progress
             return 0
 
@@ -476,9 +477,9 @@ io_error:
     ; NOTE: when the load is larger than 64Kb and/or spans multiple RAM banks
     ;       (which is possible on the Commander X16), the returned size is not correct,
     ;       because it doesn't take the number of ram banks into account.
-    ;       Consider using cx16diskio.load() instead.
+    ;       Also consider using cx16diskio.load() instead  on the Commander X16.
     sub load(ubyte drivenumber, uword filenameptr, uword address_override) -> uword {
-        return load_headerless_cx16(drivenumber, filenameptr, address_override, false)
+        return internal_load_routine(drivenumber, filenameptr, address_override, false)
     }
 
     ; Use kernal LOAD routine to load the given file in memory.
@@ -489,10 +490,10 @@ io_error:
     ; NOTE: when the load is larger than 64Kb and/or spans multiple RAM banks
     ;       (which is possible on the Commander X16), the returned size is not correct,
     ;       because it doesn't take the number of ram banks into account.
-    ;       Consider using cx16diskio.load_raw() instead on the Commander X16.
+    ;       Also consider using cx16diskio.load_raw() instead on the Commander X16.
     sub load_raw(ubyte drivenumber, uword filenameptr, uword address) -> uword {
         if sys.target==16   ; are we on commander X16?
-            return load_headerless_cx16(drivenumber, filenameptr, address, true)
+            return internal_load_routine(drivenumber, filenameptr, address, true)
         ; fallback to reading the 2 header bytes separately
         if not f_open(drivenumber, filenameptr)
             return 0
@@ -507,7 +508,8 @@ io_error:
 
     ; Internal routine, only to be used on Commander X16 platform if headerless=true,
     ; because this routine uses kernal support for that to load headerless files.
-    sub load_headerless_cx16(ubyte drivenumber, uword filenameptr, uword address_override, bool headerless) -> uword {
+    ; On C64 it will always be called with headerless=false.
+    sub internal_load_routine(ubyte drivenumber, uword filenameptr, uword address_override, bool headerless) -> uword {
         c64.SETNAM(string.length(filenameptr), filenameptr)
         ubyte secondary = 1
         cx16.r1 = 0

compiler/res/version.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-8.8
+8.10

compiler/src/prog8/CompilerMain.kt

@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ private fun compileMain(args: Array<String>): Boolean {
     val experimentalCodegen by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "expericodegen", description = "use experimental/alternative codegen")
     val dontWriteAssembly by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "noasm", description="don't create assembly code")
     val dontOptimize by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "noopt", description = "don't perform any optimizations")
-    val dontReinitGlobals by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "noreinit", description = "don't create code to reinitialize globals on multiple runs of the program (experimental)")
     val outputDir by cli.option(ArgType.String, fullName = "out", description = "directory for output files instead of current directory").default(".")
     val optimizeFloatExpressions by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "optfloatx", description = "optimize float expressions (warning: can increase program size)")
     val quietAssembler by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "quietasm", description = "don't print assembler output results")
@@ -52,6 +51,7 @@ private fun compileMain(args: Array<String>): Boolean {
     val compilationTarget by cli.option(ArgType.String, fullName = "target", description = "target output of the compiler (one of '${C64Target.NAME}', '${C128Target.NAME}', '${Cx16Target.NAME}', '${AtariTarget.NAME}', '${VMTarget.NAME}')").default(C64Target.NAME)
     val startVm by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "vm", description = "load and run a .p8ir IR source file in the VM")
     val watchMode by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "watch", description = "continuous compilation mode (watch for file changes)")
+    val varsHigh by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "varshigh", description = "put uninitialized variables in high memory area instead of at the end of the program")
     val moduleFiles by cli.argument(ArgType.String, fullName = "modules", description = "main module file(s) to compile").multiple(999)
 
     try {
@@ -120,12 +120,12 @@ private fun compileMain(args: Array<String>): Boolean {
                     filepath,
                     dontOptimize != true,
                     optimizeFloatExpressions == true,
-                    dontReinitGlobals == true,
                     dontWriteAssembly != true,
                     slowCodegenWarnings == true,
                     quietAssembler == true,
                     asmListfile == true,
                     experimentalCodegen == true,
+                    varsHigh == true,
                     compilationTarget,
                     evalStackAddr,
                     processedSymbols,
@@ -184,12 +184,12 @@ private fun compileMain(args: Array<String>): Boolean {
                     filepath,
                     dontOptimize != true,
                     optimizeFloatExpressions == true,
-                    dontReinitGlobals == true,
                     dontWriteAssembly != true,
                     slowCodegenWarnings == true,
                     quietAssembler == true,
                     asmListfile == true,
                     experimentalCodegen == true,
+                    varsHigh == true,
                     compilationTarget,
                     evalStackAddr,
                     processedSymbols,
@@ -206,13 +206,13 @@ private fun compileMain(args: Array<String>): Boolean {
             }
 
             if(startEmulator1==true || startEmulator2==true) {
-                if (compilationResult.program.name.isEmpty()) {
+                if (compilationResult.compilerAst.name.isEmpty()) {
                     println("\nCan't start emulator because no program was assembled.")
                     return true
                 }
             }
 
-            val programNameInPath = outputPath.resolve(compilationResult.program.name)
+            val programNameInPath = outputPath.resolve(compilationResult.compilerAst.name)
 
             if(startEmulator1==true || startEmulator2==true) {
                 if (compilationResult.compilationOptions.launcher != CbmPrgLauncherType.NONE || compilationTarget=="atari") {

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/BuiltinFunctions.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+package prog8.compiler
+
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.AstException
+import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
+import prog8.ast.base.SyntaxError
+import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
+import prog8.code.core.*
+import kotlin.math.abs
+import kotlin.math.sign
+import kotlin.math.sqrt
+
+
+private typealias ConstExpressionCaller = (args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program) -> NumericLiteral
+
+internal val constEvaluatorsForBuiltinFuncs: Map<String, ConstExpressionCaller> = mapOf(
+    "abs" to ::builtinAbs,
+    "len" to ::builtinLen,
+    "sizeof" to ::builtinSizeof,
+    "sgn" to ::builtinSgn,
+    "sqrt16" to { a, p, prg -> oneIntArgOutputInt(a, p, prg) { sqrt(it.toDouble()) } },
+    "any" to { a, p, prg -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinAny) },
+    "all" to { a, p, prg -> collectionArg(a, p, prg, ::builtinAll) },
+    "lsb" to { a, p, prg -> oneIntArgOutputInt(a, p, prg) { x: Int -> (x and 255).toDouble() } },
+    "msb" to { a, p, prg -> oneIntArgOutputInt(a, p, prg) { x: Int -> (x ushr 8 and 255).toDouble()} },
+    "mkword" to ::builtinMkword
+)
+
+private fun builtinAny(array: List<Double>): Double = if(array.any { it!=0.0 }) 1.0 else 0.0
+
+private fun builtinAll(array: List<Double>): Double = if(array.all { it!=0.0 }) 1.0 else 0.0
+
+internal fun builtinFunctionReturnType(function: String): InferredTypes.InferredType {
+    if(function in arrayOf("set_carry", "set_irqd", "clear_carry", "clear_irqd"))
+        return InferredTypes.InferredType.void()
+
+    val func = BuiltinFunctions.getValue(function)
+    val returnType = func.returnType
+    return if(returnType==null)
+        InferredTypes.InferredType.void()
+    else
+        InferredTypes.knownFor(returnType)
+}
+
+
+internal class NotConstArgumentException: AstException("not a const argument to a built-in function")
+internal class CannotEvaluateException(func:String, msg: String): FatalAstException("cannot evaluate built-in function $func: $msg")
+
+
+private fun oneIntArgOutputInt(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, function: (arg: Int)->Double): NumericLiteral {
+    if(args.size!=1)
+        throw SyntaxError("built-in function requires one integer argument", position)
+    val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
+    if(constval.type != DataType.UBYTE && constval.type!= DataType.UWORD)
+        throw SyntaxError("built-in function requires one integer argument", position)
+
+    val integer = constval.number.toInt()
+    return NumericLiteral.optimalInteger(function(integer).toInt(), args[0].position)
+}
+
+private fun collectionArg(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program, function: (arg: List<Double>)->Double): NumericLiteral {
+    if(args.size!=1)
+        throw SyntaxError("builtin function requires one non-scalar argument", position)
+
+    val array= args[0] as? ArrayLiteral ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
+    val constElements = array.value.map{it.constValue(program)?.number}
+    if(constElements.contains(null))
+        throw NotConstArgumentException()
+
+    return NumericLiteral.optimalNumeric(function(constElements.mapNotNull { it }), args[0].position)
+}
+
+private fun builtinAbs(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteral {
+    // 1 arg, type = int, result type= uword
+    if(args.size!=1)
+        throw SyntaxError("abs requires one integer argument", position)
+
+    val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
+    return when (constval.type) {
+        in IntegerDatatypesNoBool -> NumericLiteral.optimalInteger(abs(constval.number.toInt()), args[0].position)
+        else -> throw SyntaxError("abs requires one integer argument", position)
+    }
+}
+
+private fun builtinSizeof(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteral {
+    // 1 arg, type = anything, result type = ubyte
+    if(args.size!=1)
+        throw SyntaxError("sizeof requires one argument", position)
+    if(args[0] !is IdentifierReference)
+        throw SyntaxError("sizeof argument should be an identifier", position)
+
+    val dt = args[0].inferType(program)
+    if(dt.isKnown) {
+        val target = (args[0] as IdentifierReference).targetStatement(program)
+            ?: throw CannotEvaluateException("sizeof", "no target")
+
+        return when {
+            dt.isArray -> {
+                val length = (target as VarDecl).arraysize!!.constIndex() ?: throw CannotEvaluateException("sizeof", "unknown array size")
+                val elementDt = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(dt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED))
+                NumericLiteral.optimalInteger(program.memsizer.memorySize(elementDt) * length, position)
+            }
+            dt istype DataType.STR -> throw SyntaxError("sizeof str is undefined, did you mean len?", position)
+            else -> NumericLiteral(DataType.UBYTE, program.memsizer.memorySize(dt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)).toDouble(), position)
+        }
+    } else {
+        throw SyntaxError("sizeof invalid argument type", position)
+    }
+}
+
+private fun builtinLen(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteral {
+    // note: in some cases the length is > 255, and then we have to return a UWORD type instead of a UBYTE.
+    if(args.size!=1)
+        throw SyntaxError("len requires one argument", position)
+
+    val directMemVar = ((args[0] as? DirectMemoryRead)?.addressExpression as? IdentifierReference)?.targetVarDecl(program)
+    var arraySize = directMemVar?.arraysize?.constIndex()
+    if(arraySize != null)
+        return NumericLiteral.optimalInteger(arraySize, position)
+    if(args[0] is ArrayLiteral)
+        return NumericLiteral.optimalInteger((args[0] as ArrayLiteral).value.size, position)
+    if(args[0] !is IdentifierReference)
+        throw SyntaxError("len argument should be an identifier", position)
+    val target = (args[0] as IdentifierReference).targetVarDecl(program)
+        ?: throw CannotEvaluateException("len", "no target vardecl")
+
+    return when(target.datatype) {
+        in ArrayDatatypes -> {
+            arraySize = target.arraysize?.constIndex()
+            if(arraySize==null)
+                throw CannotEvaluateException("len", "arraysize unknown")
+            NumericLiteral.optimalInteger(arraySize, args[0].position)
+        }
+        DataType.STR -> {
+            val refLv = target.value as? StringLiteral ?: throw CannotEvaluateException("len", "stringsize unknown")
+            NumericLiteral.optimalInteger(refLv.value.length, args[0].position)
+        }
+        in NumericDatatypes -> throw SyntaxError("cannot use len on numeric value, did you mean sizeof?", args[0].position)
+        else -> throw InternalCompilerException("weird datatype")
+    }
+}
+
+private fun builtinMkword(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteral {
+    if (args.size != 2)
+        throw SyntaxError("mkword requires msb and lsb arguments", position)
+    val constMsb = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
+    val constLsb = args[1].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
+    val result = (constMsb.number.toInt() shl 8) or constLsb.number.toInt()
+    return NumericLiteral(DataType.UWORD, result.toDouble(), position)
+}
+
+private fun builtinSgn(args: List<Expression>, position: Position, program: Program): NumericLiteral {
+    if (args.size != 1)
+        throw SyntaxError("sgn requires one argument", position)
+    val constval = args[0].constValue(program) ?: throw NotConstArgumentException()
+    return NumericLiteral(DataType.BYTE, constval.number.sign, position)
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/Compiler.kt

@@ -1,17 +1,14 @@
 package prog8.compiler
 
 import com.github.michaelbull.result.onFailure
-import prog8.ast.AstToSourceTextConverter
 import prog8.ast.IBuiltinFunctions
-import prog8.ast.IStatementContainer
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.AstException
 import prog8.ast.expressions.Expression
 import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteral
 import prog8.ast.statements.Directive
-import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
-import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
-import prog8.code.SymbolTable
+import prog8.code.SymbolTableMaker
+import prog8.code.ast.PtProgram
 import prog8.code.core.*
 import prog8.code.target.*
 import prog8.codegen.vm.VmCodeGen
@@ -25,19 +22,20 @@ import kotlin.math.round
 import kotlin.system.measureTimeMillis
 
 
-class CompilationResult(val program: Program,
+class CompilationResult(val compilerAst: Program,   // deprecated, use codegenAst instead
+                        val codegenAst: PtProgram?,
                         val compilationOptions: CompilationOptions,
                         val importedFiles: List<Path>)
 
 class CompilerArguments(val filepath: Path,
                         val optimize: Boolean,
                         val optimizeFloatExpressions: Boolean,
-                        val dontReinitGlobals: Boolean,
                         val writeAssembly: Boolean,
                         val slowCodegenWarnings: Boolean,
                         val quietAssembler: Boolean,
                         val asmListfile: Boolean,
                         val experimentalCodegen: Boolean,
+                        val varsHigh: Boolean,
                         val compilationTarget: String,
                         val evalStackBaseAddress: UInt?,
                         val symbolDefs: Map<String, String>,
@@ -63,23 +61,21 @@ fun compileProgram(args: CompilerArguments): CompilationResult? {
         }
 
     var compilationOptions: CompilationOptions
+    var ast: PtProgram? = null
 
     try {
         val totalTime = measureTimeMillis {
-            // import main module and everything it needs
-            val (programresult, options, imported) = parseImports(args.filepath, args.errors, compTarget, args.sourceDirs)
+            val (programresult, options, imported) = parseMainModule(args.filepath, args.errors, compTarget, args.sourceDirs)
             compilationOptions = options
-            print("Parsed ${args.filepath}")
-            ModuleImporter.ansiEraseRestOfLine(true)
 
             with(compilationOptions) {
                 slowCodegenWarnings = args.slowCodegenWarnings
                 optimize = args.optimize
                 optimizeFloatExpressions = optimizeFloatExpr
-                dontReinitGlobals = args.dontReinitGlobals
                 asmQuiet = args.quietAssembler
                 asmListfile = args.asmListfile
                 experimentalCodegen = args.experimentalCodegen
+                varsHigh = args.varsHigh
                 evalStackBaseAddress = args.evalStackBaseAddress
                 outputDir = args.outputDir.normalize()
                 symbolDefs = args.symbolDefs
@@ -113,10 +109,22 @@ fun compileProgram(args: CompilerArguments): CompilationResult? {
             args.errors.report()
 
             if (args.writeAssembly) {
-                if(!createAssemblyAndAssemble(program, args.errors, compilationOptions)) {
+
+                compilationOptions.compTarget.machine.initializeMemoryAreas(compilationOptions)
+                program.processAstBeforeAsmGeneration(compilationOptions, args.errors)
+                args.errors.report()
+
+                val intermediateAst = IntermediateAstMaker(program, compilationOptions).transform()
+//                println("*********** COMPILER AST RIGHT BEFORE ASM GENERATION *************")
+//                printProgram(program)
+//                println("*********** AST RIGHT BEFORE ASM GENERATION *************")
+//                printAst(intermediateAst, ::println)
+
+                if(!createAssemblyAndAssemble(intermediateAst, args.errors, compilationOptions)) {
                     System.err.println("Error in codegeneration or assembler")
                     return null
                 }
+                ast = intermediateAst
             }
         }
 
@@ -124,7 +132,7 @@ fun compileProgram(args: CompilerArguments): CompilationResult? {
         System.err.flush()
         val seconds = totalTime/1000.0
         println("\nTotal compilation+assemble time: ${round(seconds*100.0)/100.0} sec.")
-        return CompilationResult(program, compilationOptions, importedFiles)
+        return CompilationResult(program, ast, compilationOptions, importedFiles)
     } catch (px: ParseError) {
         System.err.print("\n\u001b[91m")  // bright red
         System.err.println("${px.position.toClickableStr()} parse error: ${px.message}".trim())
@@ -208,7 +216,7 @@ private class BuiltinFunctionsFacade(functions: Map<String, FSignature>): IBuilt
     override fun constValue(funcName: String, args: List<Expression>, position: Position): NumericLiteral? {
         val func = BuiltinFunctions[funcName]
         if(func!=null) {
-            val exprfunc = func.constExpressionFunc
+            val exprfunc = constEvaluatorsForBuiltinFuncs[funcName]
             if(exprfunc!=null) {
                 return try {
                     exprfunc(args, position, program)
@@ -226,17 +234,16 @@ private class BuiltinFunctionsFacade(functions: Map<String, FSignature>): IBuilt
     override fun returnType(funcName: String) = builtinFunctionReturnType(funcName)
 }
 
-fun parseImports(filepath: Path,
-                 errors: IErrorReporter,
-                 compTarget: ICompilationTarget,
-                 sourceDirs: List<String>): Triple<Program, CompilationOptions, List<Path>> {
-    println("Compilation target: ${compTarget.name}")
+fun parseMainModule(filepath: Path,
+                    errors: IErrorReporter,
+                    compTarget: ICompilationTarget,
+                    sourceDirs: List<String>): Triple<Program, CompilationOptions, List<Path>> {
     val bf = BuiltinFunctionsFacade(BuiltinFunctions)
     val program = Program(filepath.nameWithoutExtension, bf, compTarget, compTarget)
     bf.program = program
 
     val importer = ModuleImporter(program, compTarget.name, errors, sourceDirs)
-    val importedModuleResult = importer.importModule(filepath)
+    val importedModuleResult = importer.importMainModule(filepath)
     importedModuleResult.onFailure { throw it }
     errors.report()
 
@@ -246,11 +253,11 @@ fun parseImports(filepath: Path,
     val compilerOptions = determineCompilationOptions(program, compTarget)
     // depending on the machine and compiler options we may have to include some libraries
     for(lib in compTarget.machine.importLibs(compilerOptions, compTarget.name))
-        importer.importLibraryModule(lib)
+        importer.importImplicitLibraryModule(lib)
 
     // always import prog8_lib and math
-    importer.importLibraryModule("math")
-    importer.importLibraryModule("prog8_lib")
+    importer.importImplicitLibraryModule("math")
+    importer.importImplicitLibraryModule("prog8_lib")
 
     if (compilerOptions.launcher == CbmPrgLauncherType.BASIC && compilerOptions.output != OutputType.PRG)
         errors.err("BASIC launcher requires output type PRG", program.toplevelModule.position)
@@ -328,7 +335,6 @@ fun determineCompilationOptions(program: Program, compTarget: ICompilationTarget
 }
 
 private fun processAst(program: Program, errors: IErrorReporter, compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
-    println("Analyzing code...")
     program.preprocessAst(errors, compilerOptions)
     program.checkIdentifiers(errors, compilerOptions)
     errors.report()
@@ -353,7 +359,6 @@ private fun processAst(program: Program, errors: IErrorReporter, compilerOptions
 }
 
 private fun optimizeAst(program: Program, compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, errors: IErrorReporter, functions: IBuiltinFunctions, compTarget: ICompilationTarget) {
-    println("Optimizing...")
     val remover = UnusedCodeRemover(program, errors, compTarget)
     remover.visit(program)
     remover.applyModifications()
@@ -385,25 +390,23 @@ private fun postprocessAst(program: Program, errors: IErrorReporter, compilerOpt
     errors.report()
 }
 
-private fun createAssemblyAndAssemble(program: Program,
+private fun createAssemblyAndAssemble(program: PtProgram,
                                       errors: IErrorReporter,
                                       compilerOptions: CompilationOptions
 ): Boolean {
-    compilerOptions.compTarget.machine.initializeMemoryAreas(compilerOptions)
-    program.processAstBeforeAsmGeneration(compilerOptions, errors)
-    errors.report()
-    val symbolTable = SymbolTableMaker().makeFrom(program, compilerOptions)
 
-    // TODO make removing all VarDecls work, but this needs inferType to be able to get its information from somewhere else as the VarDecl nodes in the Ast,
-    //      or don't use inferType at all anymore and "bake the type information" into the Ast somehow.
-    //      Note: we don't actually *need* to remove the VarDecl nodes, but it is nice as a temporary measure
-    //      to help clean up the code that still depends on them.
-    // removeAllVardeclsFromAst(program)
+    val asmgen = if(compilerOptions.experimentalCodegen)
+        prog8.codegen.experimental.ExperiCodeGen()
+    else if (compilerOptions.compTarget.machine.cpu in arrayOf(CpuType.CPU6502, CpuType.CPU65c02))
+        prog8.codegen.cpu6502.AsmGen6502()
+    else if (compilerOptions.compTarget.name == VMTarget.NAME)
+        VmCodeGen()
+    else
+        throw NotImplementedError("no asm generator for cpu ${compilerOptions.compTarget.machine.cpu}")
 
-//    println("*********** COMPILER AST RIGHT BEFORE ASM GENERATION *************")
-//    printProgram(program)
-
-    val assembly = asmGeneratorFor(program, errors, symbolTable, compilerOptions).compileToAssembly()
+    val stMaker = SymbolTableMaker(program, compilerOptions)
+    val symbolTable = stMaker.make()
+    val assembly = asmgen.generate(program, symbolTable, compilerOptions, errors)
     errors.report()
 
     return if(assembly!=null && errors.noErrors()) {
@@ -412,51 +415,3 @@ private fun createAssemblyAndAssemble(program: Program,
         false
     }
 }
-
-private fun removeAllVardeclsFromAst(program: Program) {
-    // remove all VarDecl nodes from the AST.
-    // code generation doesn't require them anymore, it operates only on the 'variables' collection.
-
-    class SearchAndRemove: IAstVisitor {
-        private val allVars = mutableListOf<VarDecl>()
-        init {
-            visit(program)
-            for (it in allVars) {
-                require((it.parent as IStatementContainer).statements.remove(it))
-            }
-        }
-        override fun visit(decl: VarDecl) {
-            allVars.add(decl)
-        }
-    }
-
-    SearchAndRemove()
-}
-
-fun printProgram(program: Program) {
-    println()
-    val printer = AstToSourceTextConverter(::print, program)
-    printer.visit(program)
-    println()
-}
-
-internal fun asmGeneratorFor(program: Program,
-                             errors: IErrorReporter,
-                             symbolTable: SymbolTable,
-                             options: CompilationOptions): IAssemblyGenerator
-{
-    if(options.experimentalCodegen) {
-        val intermediateAst = IntermediateAstMaker(program).transform()
-        return prog8.codegen.experimental.CodeGen(intermediateAst, symbolTable, options, errors)
-    } else {
-        if (options.compTarget.machine.cpu in arrayOf(CpuType.CPU6502, CpuType.CPU65c02))
-            // TODO rewrite 6502 codegen on new Intermediary Ast or on new Intermediate Representation
-            return prog8.codegen.cpu6502.AsmGen(program, symbolTable, options, errors)
-        if (options.compTarget.name == VMTarget.NAME) {
-            val intermediateAst = IntermediateAstMaker(program).transform()
-            return VmCodeGen(intermediateAst, symbolTable, options, errors)
-        }
-    }
-
-    throw NotImplementedError("no asm generator for cpu ${options.compTarget.machine.cpu}")
-}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/ModuleImporter.kt

@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ import prog8.code.core.SourceCode
 import prog8.parser.Prog8Parser
 import java.io.File
 import java.nio.file.Path
-import kotlin.io.path.*
+import kotlin.io.path.Path
+import kotlin.io.path.absolute
+import kotlin.io.path.exists
 
 
 class ModuleImporter(private val program: Program,
@@ -21,30 +23,25 @@ class ModuleImporter(private val program: Program,
                      val errors: IErrorReporter,
                      sourceDirs: List<String>) {
 
-    private val sourcePaths: List<Path> = sourceDirs.map { Path(it) }
+    private val sourcePaths: List<Path> = sourceDirs.map { Path(it).absolute().normalize() }.toSortedSet().toList()
 
-    fun importModule(filePath: Path): Result<Module, NoSuchFileException> {
-        val currentDir = Path("").absolute()
-        val searchIn = listOf(currentDir) + sourcePaths
-        val candidates = searchIn
-            .map { it.absolute().div(filePath).normalize().absolute() }
-            .filter { it.exists() }
-            .map { currentDir.relativize(it) }
-            .map { if (it.isAbsolute) it else Path(".", "$it") }
-
-        val srcPath = when (candidates.size) {
-            0 -> return Err(NoSuchFileException(
-                    file = filePath.normalize().toFile(),
-                    reason = "Searched in $searchIn"))
-            1 -> candidates.first()
-            else -> candidates.first()  // when more candiates, pick the one from the first location
+    fun importMainModule(filePath: Path): Result<Module, NoSuchFileException> {
+        val searchIn = (listOf(Path("").absolute()) + sourcePaths).toSortedSet()
+        val normalizedFilePath = filePath.normalize()
+        for(path in searchIn) {
+            val programPath = path.resolve(normalizedFilePath)
+            if(programPath.exists()) {
+                println("Compiling program ${Path("").absolute().relativize(programPath)}")
+                val source = SourceCode.File(programPath)
+                return Ok(importModule(source))
+            }
         }
-
-        val source = SourceCode.File(srcPath)
-        return Ok(importModule(source))
+        return Err(NoSuchFileException(
+            file = normalizedFilePath.toFile(),
+            reason = "Searched in $searchIn"))
     }
 
-    fun importLibraryModule(name: String): Module? {
+    fun importImplicitLibraryModule(name: String): Module? {
         val import = Directive("%import", listOf(
                 DirectiveArg("", name, 42u, position = Position("<<<implicit-import>>>", 0, 0, 0))
         ), Position("<<<implicit-import>>>", 0, 0, 0))
@@ -52,7 +49,6 @@ class ModuleImporter(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     private fun importModule(src: SourceCode) : Module {
-        printImportingMessage(src.name, src.origin)
         val moduleAst = Prog8Parser.parseModule(src)
         program.addModule(moduleAst)
 
@@ -146,10 +142,8 @@ class ModuleImporter(private val program: Program,
             if (importingModule == null) { // <=> imported from library module
                 sourcePaths
             } else {
-                val dropCurDir = if(sourcePaths.isNotEmpty() && sourcePaths[0].name == ".") 1 else 0
-                sourcePaths.drop(dropCurDir) +
-                listOf(Path(importingModule.position.file).parent ?: Path("")) +
-                listOf(Path(".", "prog8lib"))
+                val pathFromImportingModule = (Path(importingModule.position.file).parent ?: Path("")).absolute()
+                listOf(pathFromImportingModule) + sourcePaths
             }
 
         locations.forEach {
@@ -161,18 +155,4 @@ class ModuleImporter(private val program: Program,
 
         return Err(NoSuchFileException(File("name")))
     }
-
-    fun printImportingMessage(module: String, origin: String) {
-        print(" importing '$module'  (from ${origin})")
-        ansiEraseRestOfLine(false)
-        print("\r")
-    }
-
-    companion object {
-        fun ansiEraseRestOfLine(newline: Boolean) {
-            print("\u001b[0K")
-            if(newline)
-                println()
-        }
-    }
 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/AstChecker.kt

@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@ import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
 import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.compiler.BuiltinFunctions
-import prog8.compiler.InplaceModifyingBuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.code.target.VMTarget
 import prog8.compiler.builtinFunctionReturnType
 import java.io.CharConversionException
 import java.io.File
@@ -60,6 +59,16 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
+    override fun visit(identifier: IdentifierReference) {
+        val target = identifier.targetVarDecl(program)
+        if(target != null && target.origin==VarDeclOrigin.SUBROUTINEPARAM) {
+            if(target.definingSubroutine!!.isAsmSubroutine) {
+                if(target.definingSubroutine!!.parameters.any { it.name == identifier.nameInSource.last() })
+                    errors.err("cannot refer to parameter of asmsub by name", identifier.position)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     override fun visit(returnStmt: Return) {
         val expectedReturnValues = returnStmt.definingSubroutine?.returntypes ?: emptyList()
         if(expectedReturnValues.size>1) {
@@ -299,6 +308,8 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             err("subroutines can only be defined in the scope of a block or within another subroutine")
 
         if(subroutine.isAsmSubroutine) {
+            if(compilerOptions.compTarget.name==VMTarget.NAME)
+                err("cannot use asmsub for vm target, use regular subs")
             if(subroutine.asmParameterRegisters.size != subroutine.parameters.size)
                 err("number of asm parameter registers is not the isSameAs as number of parameters")
             if(subroutine.asmReturnvaluesRegisters.size != subroutine.returntypes.size)
@@ -653,8 +664,12 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                     err("string var must be initialized with a string literal")
             }
 
-            if(decl.value !is StringLiteral)
-                err("string var must be initialized with a string literal")
+            if(decl.value !is StringLiteral) {
+                if(decl.type==VarDeclType.MEMORY)
+                    err("strings can't be memory mapped")
+                else
+                    err("string var must be initialized with a string literal")
+            }
         }
 
         if(compilerOptions.zeropage==ZeropageType.DONTUSE && decl.zeropage == ZeropageWish.REQUIRE_ZEROPAGE)
@@ -834,6 +849,8 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         else if(expr.operator == "~") {
             if(dt !in IntegerDatatypes)
                 errors.err("can only use bitwise invert on integer types", expr.position)
+            if(dt==DataType.BOOL)
+                errors.err("bitwise invert is for integer types, use 'not' on booleans", expr.position)
         }
         super.visit(expr)
     }
@@ -1259,8 +1276,14 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         val elementDt = containment.element.inferType(program)
         val iterableDt = containment.iterable.inferType(program)
 
-        if(containment.parent is BinaryExpression)
-            errors.err("containment check is currently not supported inside complex expressions", containment.position)
+        if(compilerOptions.compTarget.name!=VMTarget.NAME) {
+            val parentBinexpr = containment.parent as? BinaryExpression
+            if(parentBinexpr!=null) {
+                // only supported if compared to 1 or 0, more complex expressions aren't supported in the 6502 code-gen.
+                if(parentBinexpr.operator!="==" || parentBinexpr.right.constValue(program)?.number !in listOf(0.0, 1.0))
+                    errors.err("containment check is currently not supported inside complex expressions", containment.position)
+            }
+        }
 
         if(iterableDt.isIterable && containment.iterable !is RangeExpression) {
             val iterableEltDt = ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(iterableDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED))

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/AstExtensions.kt

@@ -136,12 +136,8 @@ internal fun Program.checkIdentifiers(errors: IErrorReporter, options: Compilati
 internal fun Program.variousCleanups(errors: IErrorReporter, options: CompilationOptions) {
     val process = VariousCleanups(this, errors, options)
     process.visit(this)
-    if(errors.noErrors()) {
-        if(process.applyModifications()>0) {
-            process.visit(this)
-            if(errors.noErrors())
-                process.applyModifications()
-        }
+    while(errors.noErrors() && process.applyModifications()>0) {
+        process.visit(this)
     }
 }
 

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/AstIdentifiersChecker.kt

@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ import prog8.ast.expressions.FunctionCallExpression
 import prog8.ast.expressions.StringLiteral
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
+import prog8.code.core.BuiltinFunctions
 import prog8.code.core.ICompilationTarget
 import prog8.code.core.IErrorReporter
 import prog8.code.core.Position
 import prog8.code.target.VMTarget
-import prog8.compiler.BuiltinFunctions
 
 
 internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val errors: IErrorReporter,
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val errors: IErrorReporter,
             val paramsToCheck = paramNames.intersect(namesInSub)
             for(name in paramsToCheck) {
                 val symbol = subroutine.searchSymbol(name)
-                if(symbol!=null && (symbol as? VarDecl)?.subroutineParameter==null)
+                if(symbol!=null && (symbol as? VarDecl)?.origin!=VarDeclOrigin.SUBROUTINEPARAM)
                     nameError(name, symbol.position, subroutine)
             }
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val errors: IErrorReporter,
                     val pos = (if(call.args.any()) call.args[0] else (call as Node)).position
                     errors.err("invalid number of arguments", pos)
                 }
-                if(func.name=="memory") {
+                if(target.name=="memory") {
                     val name = call.args[0] as? StringLiteral
                     if(name!=null) {
                         val processed = name.value.map {

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/AstOnetimeTransforms.kt

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ internal class AstOnetimeTransforms(private val program: Program, private val op
         // note: The CodeDesugarer already does something similar, but that is meant ONLY to take
         //       into account the case where the index value is a word type.
         //       The replacement here is to fix missing cases in the 6502 codegen.
-        // TODO make the 6502 codegen better so this work around can be removed
+        // TODO make the 6502 codegen better so this workaround can be removed
         val arrayVar = arrayIndexedExpression.arrayvar.targetVarDecl(program)
         if(arrayVar!=null && arrayVar.datatype == DataType.UWORD) {
             if(parent is AssignTarget) {

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/AstPreprocessor.kt

@@ -120,16 +120,19 @@ class AstPreprocessor(val program: Program,
                     movements.add(IAstModification.InsertFirst(decl, parentscope))
                     replacements.add(IAstModification.Remove(decl, scope))
                 } else {
+                    val declToInsert: VarDecl
                     if(decl.value!=null && decl.datatype in NumericDatatypes) {
                         val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf(decl.name), decl.position), null, null, decl.position)
                         val assign = Assignment(target, decl.value!!, AssignmentOrigin.VARINIT, decl.position)
                         replacements.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(decl, assign, scope))
                         decl.value = null
                         decl.allowInitializeWithZero = false
+                        declToInsert = decl.copy()
                     } else {
                         replacements.add(IAstModification.Remove(decl, scope))
+                        declToInsert = decl
                     }
-                    movements.add(IAstModification.InsertFirst(decl, parentscope))
+                    movements.add(IAstModification.InsertFirst(declToInsert, parentscope))
                 }
             }
             return movements + replacements
@@ -138,12 +141,15 @@ class AstPreprocessor(val program: Program,
     }
 
     override fun after(expr: BinaryExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        // this has to be done here becuse otherwise the string / range literal values will have been replaced by variables
         if(expr.operator=="in") {
             val containment = ContainmentCheck(expr.left, expr.right, expr.position)
             return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, containment, parent))
         }
-
+        if(expr.operator=="not in") {
+            val containment = ContainmentCheck(expr.left, expr.right, expr.position)
+            val notContainment = PrefixExpression("not", containment, expr.position)
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, notContainment, parent))
+        }
         return noModifications
     }
 

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/BeforeAsmAstChanger.kt

@@ -36,27 +36,9 @@ internal class BeforeAsmAstChanger(val program: Program,
         return noModifications
     }
 
-    override fun before(block: Block, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        // adjust global variables initialization
-        if(options.dontReinitGlobals) {
-            block.statements.asSequence().filterIsInstance<VarDecl>().forEach {
-                if(it.type==VarDeclType.VAR) {
-                    it.zeropage = ZeropageWish.NOT_IN_ZEROPAGE
-                    it.findInitializer(program)?.let { initializer ->
-                        it.value = initializer.value     // put the init value back into the vardecl
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        return noModifications
-    }
-
     override fun after(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        if(!options.dontReinitGlobals) {
-            if (decl.type == VarDeclType.VAR && decl.value != null && decl.datatype in NumericDatatypes)
-                throw InternalCompilerException("vardecls for variables, with initial numerical value, should have been rewritten as plain vardecl + assignment $decl")
-        }
+        if (decl.type == VarDeclType.VAR && decl.value != null && decl.datatype in NumericDatatypes)
+            throw InternalCompilerException("vardecls for variables, with initial numerical value, should have been rewritten as plain vardecl + assignment $decl")
 
         return noModifications
     }
@@ -90,7 +72,7 @@ internal class BeforeAsmAstChanger(val program: Program,
                                 "unknown dt"
                             )
                             }, sourceDt, implicit=true)
-                            val assignRight = Assignment(assignment.target, right, AssignmentOrigin.BEFOREASMGEN, assignment.position)
+                            val assignRight = Assignment(assignment.target, right, AssignmentOrigin.ASMGEN, assignment.position)
                             return listOf(
                                 IAstModification.InsertBefore(assignment, assignRight, parent as IStatementContainer),
                                 IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.right, binExpr.left, binExpr),
@@ -103,7 +85,7 @@ internal class BeforeAsmAstChanger(val program: Program,
                             "unknown dt"
                         )
                         }, sourceDt, implicit=true)
-                        val assignLeft = Assignment(assignment.target, left, AssignmentOrigin.BEFOREASMGEN, assignment.position)
+                        val assignLeft = Assignment(assignment.target, left, AssignmentOrigin.ASMGEN, assignment.position)
                         return listOf(
                             IAstModification.InsertBefore(assignment, assignLeft, parent as IStatementContainer),
                             IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.left, assignment.target.toExpression(), binExpr)
@@ -293,7 +275,7 @@ internal class BeforeAsmAstChanger(val program: Program,
         val dt = expr.indexer.indexExpr.inferType(program)
         val (tempVarName, _) = program.getTempVar(dt.getOrElse { throw FatalAstException("invalid dt") })
         val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(tempVarName, expr.indexer.position), null, null, expr.indexer.position)
-        val assign = Assignment(target, expr.indexer.indexExpr, AssignmentOrigin.BEFOREASMGEN, expr.indexer.position)
+        val assign = Assignment(target, expr.indexer.indexExpr, AssignmentOrigin.ASMGEN, expr.indexer.position)
         modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertBefore(statement, assign, statement.parent as IStatementContainer))
         modifications.add(
             IAstModification.ReplaceNode(

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/BoolRemover.kt

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
 import prog8.ast.statements.SubroutineParameter
@@ -14,7 +15,8 @@ internal class BoolRemover(val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
 
     override fun before(typecast: TypecastExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         if(typecast.type == DataType.BOOL) {
-            val notZero = BinaryExpression(typecast.expression, "!=", NumericLiteral(DataType.UBYTE, 0.0, typecast.position), typecast.position)
+            val valueDt = typecast.expression.inferType(program).getOrElse { throw FatalAstException("unknown dt") }
+            val notZero = BinaryExpression(typecast.expression, "!=", NumericLiteral(valueDt, 0.0, typecast.position), typecast.position)
             return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(typecast, notZero, parent))
         }
         return noModifications
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ internal class BoolRemover(val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
                     newvalue = NumericLiteral(DataType.UBYTE, 1.0, newvalue.position)
             }
             val ubyteDecl = VarDecl(decl.type, decl.origin, DataType.UBYTE, decl.zeropage, decl.arraysize, decl.name,
-                newvalue, decl.isArray, decl.sharedWithAsm, decl.subroutineParameter, decl.position)
+                newvalue, decl.isArray, decl.sharedWithAsm, decl.position)
             return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(decl, ubyteDecl, parent))
         }
 
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ internal class BoolRemover(val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
                 newarray = ArrayLiteral(InferredTypes.InferredType.known(DataType.ARRAY_UB), convertedArray, decl.position)
             }
             val ubyteArrayDecl = VarDecl(decl.type, decl.origin, DataType.ARRAY_UB, decl.zeropage, decl.arraysize, decl.name,
-                newarray, true, decl.sharedWithAsm, decl.subroutineParameter, decl.position)
+                newarray, true, decl.sharedWithAsm, decl.position)
             return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(decl, ubyteArrayDecl, parent))
         }
 

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/CodeDesugarer.kt

@@ -163,4 +163,12 @@ _after:
         }
         return noModifications
     }
+
+    override fun after(expr: BinaryExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(expr.operator=="in") {
+            val containment = ContainmentCheck(expr.left, expr.right, expr.position)
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, containment, parent))
+        }
+        return noModifications
+    }
 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/IntermediateAstMaker.kt

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.code.ast.*
+import prog8.code.core.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
 import prog8.code.core.DataType
-import prog8.code.core.Position
 import prog8.code.core.SourceCode
-import prog8.compiler.BuiltinFunctions
 import prog8.compiler.builtinFunctionReturnType
 import java.io.File
 import kotlin.io.path.Path
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import kotlin.io.path.isRegularFile
 /**
  *  Convert 'old' compiler-AST into the 'new' simplified AST with baked types.
  */
-class IntermediateAstMaker(val program: Program) {
+class IntermediateAstMaker(private val program: Program, private val options: CompilationOptions) {
     fun transform(): PtProgram {
         val ptProgram = PtProgram(
             program.name,
@@ -90,6 +90,54 @@ class IntermediateAstMaker(val program: Program) {
     }
 
     private fun transform(srcAssign: Assignment): PtNode {
+        if(srcAssign.isAugmentable) {
+            val srcExpr = srcAssign.value
+            val (operator: String, augmentedValue: Expression?) = when(srcExpr) {
+                is BinaryExpression -> {
+                    if(srcExpr.operator=="==" || srcExpr.operator=="%") {
+                        // no special code possible for 'in-place comparison and result as boolean' or 'remainder'
+                        Pair("", null)
+                    }
+                    else if(srcExpr.left isSameAs srcAssign.target) {
+                        Pair(srcExpr.operator+'=', srcExpr.right)
+                    } else if(srcExpr.right isSameAs srcAssign.target) {
+                        Pair(srcExpr.operator+'=', srcExpr.left)
+                    } else {
+                        // either left or right is same as target, other combinations are not supported here
+                        Pair("", null)
+                    }
+                }
+                is PrefixExpression -> {
+                    require(srcExpr.expression isSameAs srcAssign.target)
+                    Pair(srcExpr.operator, srcExpr.expression)
+                }
+                is TypecastExpression -> {
+                    // At this time, there are no special optimized instructions to do an in-place type conversion.
+                    // so we simply revert to a regular type converting assignment.
+                    // Also, an in-place type cast is very uncommon so probably not worth optimizing anyway.
+                    Pair("", null)
+                    // the following is what *could* be used here if such instructions *were* available:
+//                    if(srcExpr.expression isSameAs srcAssign.target)
+//                        Pair("cast", srcExpr.expression)
+//                    else {
+//                        val subTypeCast = srcExpr.expression as? TypecastExpression
+//                        val targetDt = srcAssign.target.inferType(program).getOrElse { DataType.UNDEFINED }
+//                        if (subTypeCast!=null && srcExpr.type==targetDt && subTypeCast.expression isSameAs srcAssign.target) {
+//                            Pair("cast", subTypeCast)
+//                        } else
+//                            Pair("", null)
+//                    }
+                }
+                else -> Pair("", null)
+            }
+            if(augmentedValue!=null) {
+                val assign = PtAugmentedAssign(operator, srcAssign.position)
+                assign.add(transform(srcAssign.target))
+                assign.add(transformExpression(augmentedValue))
+                return assign
+            }
+        }
+
         val assign = PtAssignment(srcAssign.position)
         assign.add(transform(srcAssign.target))
         assign.add(transformExpression(srcAssign.value))
@@ -109,19 +157,9 @@ class IntermediateAstMaker(val program: Program) {
         return target
     }
 
-    private fun targetOf(identifier: IdentifierReference): Pair<List<String>, DataType> {
-        val target=identifier.targetStatement(program)!! as INamedStatement
-        val targetname = if(target.name in program.builtinFunctions.names)
-            listOf("<builtin>", target.name)
-        else
-            target.scopedName
-        val type = identifier.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
-        return Pair(targetname, type)
-    }
-
     private fun transform(identifier: IdentifierReference): PtIdentifier {
-        val (target, type) = targetOf(identifier)
-        return PtIdentifier(identifier.nameInSource, target, type, identifier.position)
+        val (target, type) = identifier.targetNameAndType(program)
+        return PtIdentifier(target, type, identifier.position)
     }
 
     private fun transform(srcBlock: Block): PtBlock {
@@ -139,17 +177,18 @@ class IntermediateAstMaker(val program: Program) {
             }
         }
         val (vardecls, statements) = srcBlock.statements.partition { it is VarDecl }
-        val block = PtBlock(srcBlock.name, srcBlock.address, srcBlock.isInLibrary, forceOutput, alignment, srcBlock.position)
-        if(vardecls.isNotEmpty()) block.add(makeScopeVarsDecls(vardecls, srcBlock.position))
+        val src = srcBlock.definingModule.source
+        val block = PtBlock(srcBlock.name, srcBlock.address, srcBlock.isInLibrary, forceOutput, alignment, src, srcBlock.position)
+        makeScopeVarsDecls(vardecls).forEach { block.add(it) }
         for (stmt in statements)
             block.add(transformStatement(stmt))
         return block
     }
 
-    private fun makeScopeVarsDecls(vardecls: List<Statement>, position: Position): PtNode {
-        val decls = PtScopeVarsDecls(position)
+    private fun makeScopeVarsDecls(vardecls: Iterable<Statement>): Iterable<PtNamedNode> {
+        val decls = mutableListOf<PtNamedNode>()
         vardecls.forEach {
-            decls.add(transformStatement(it as VarDecl))
+            decls.add(transformStatement(it as VarDecl) as PtNamedNode)
         }
         return decls
     }
@@ -218,7 +257,7 @@ class IntermediateAstMaker(val program: Program) {
     }
 
     private fun transform(srcCall: FunctionCallStatement): PtFunctionCall {
-        val (target, type) = targetOf(srcCall.target)
+        val (target, type) = srcCall.target.targetNameAndType(program)
         val call = PtFunctionCall(target,true, type, srcCall.position)
         for (arg in srcCall.args)
             call.add(transformExpression(arg))
@@ -226,7 +265,7 @@ class IntermediateAstMaker(val program: Program) {
     }
 
     private fun transform(srcCall: FunctionCallExpression): PtFunctionCall {
-        val (target, _) = targetOf(srcCall.target)
+        val (target, _) = srcCall.target.targetNameAndType(program)
         val type = srcCall.inferType(program).getOrElse {
             throw FatalAstException("unknown dt $srcCall")
         }
@@ -294,18 +333,15 @@ class IntermediateAstMaker(val program: Program) {
     }
 
     private fun transformAsmSub(srcSub: Subroutine): PtAsmSub {
-        val params = srcSub.parameters
-            .map { PtSubroutineParameter(it.name, it.type, it.position) }
-            .zip(srcSub.asmParameterRegisters)
+        val params = srcSub.asmParameterRegisters.zip(srcSub.parameters.map { PtSubroutineParameter(it.name, it.type, it.position) })
         val sub = PtAsmSub(srcSub.name,
             srcSub.asmAddress,
             srcSub.asmClobbers,
             params,
-            srcSub.returntypes,
-            srcSub.asmReturnvaluesRegisters,
+            srcSub.asmReturnvaluesRegisters.zip(srcSub.returntypes),
             srcSub.inline,
             srcSub.position)
-        sub.parameters.forEach { it.first.parent=sub }
+        sub.parameters.forEach { it.second.parent=sub }
 
         if(srcSub.asmAddress==null) {
             var combinedTrueAsm = ""
@@ -338,14 +374,14 @@ class IntermediateAstMaker(val program: Program) {
         var returntype = srcSub.returntypes.singleOrNull()
         if(returntype==DataType.STR)
             returntype=DataType.UWORD   // if a sub returns 'str', replace with uword.  Intermediate AST and I.R. don't contain 'str' datatype anymore.
+
+        // do not bother about the 'inline' hint of the source subroutine.
         val sub = PtSub(srcSub.name,
             srcSub.parameters.map { PtSubroutineParameter(it.name, it.type, it.position) },
             returntype,
-            srcSub.inline,
             srcSub.position)
         sub.parameters.forEach { it.parent=sub }
-
-        if(vardecls.isNotEmpty()) sub.add(makeScopeVarsDecls(vardecls, sub.position))
+        makeScopeVarsDecls(vardecls).forEach { sub.add(it) }
         for (statement in statements)
             sub.add(transformStatement(statement))
 
@@ -356,10 +392,10 @@ class IntermediateAstMaker(val program: Program) {
         return when(srcVar.type) {
             VarDeclType.VAR -> {
                 val value = if(srcVar.value!=null) transformExpression(srcVar.value!!) else null
-                PtVariable(srcVar.name, srcVar.datatype, value, srcVar.arraysize?.constIndex()?.toUInt(), srcVar.position)
+                PtVariable(srcVar.name, srcVar.datatype, srcVar.zeropage, value, srcVar.arraysize?.constIndex()?.toUInt(), srcVar.position)
             }
             VarDeclType.CONST -> PtConstant(srcVar.name, srcVar.datatype, (srcVar.value as NumericLiteral).number, srcVar.position)
-            VarDeclType.MEMORY -> PtMemMapped(srcVar.name, srcVar.datatype, (srcVar.value as NumericLiteral).number.toUInt(), srcVar.position)
+            VarDeclType.MEMORY -> PtMemMapped(srcVar.name, srcVar.datatype, (srcVar.value as NumericLiteral).number.toUInt(), srcVar.arraysize?.constIndex()?.toUInt(), srcVar.position)
         }
     }
 
@@ -395,8 +431,8 @@ class IntermediateAstMaker(val program: Program) {
     }
 
     private fun transform(srcArr: ArrayIndexedExpression): PtArrayIndexer {
-        val type = srcArr.inferType(program).getOrElse { throw FatalAstException("unknown dt") }
-        val array = PtArrayIndexer(type, srcArr.position)
+        val arrayVarType = srcArr.inferType(program).getOrElse { throw FatalAstException("unknown dt") }
+        val array = PtArrayIndexer(arrayVarType, srcArr.position)
         array.add(transform(srcArr.arrayvar))
         array.add(transformExpression(srcArr.indexer.indexExpr))
         return array
@@ -474,6 +510,7 @@ class IntermediateAstMaker(val program: Program) {
     private fun transform(srcCast: TypecastExpression): PtTypeCast {
         val cast = PtTypeCast(srcCast.type, srcCast.position)
         cast.add(transformExpression(srcCast.expression))
+        require(cast.type!=cast.value.type)
         return cast
     }
 

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/NotExpressionAndIfComparisonExprChanger.kt

@@ -40,6 +40,13 @@ internal class NotExpressionAndIfComparisonExprChanger(val program: Program, val
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        if(expr.operator=="^" && expr.left.inferType(program) istype DataType.BOOL && expr.right.constValue(program)?.number == 1.0) {
+            // boolean ^ 1 --> not boolean
+            val notExpr = PrefixExpression("not", expr.left, expr.position)
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, notExpr, parent))
+        }
+
         return noModifications
     }
 
@@ -146,17 +153,6 @@ internal class NotExpressionAndIfComparisonExprChanger(val program: Program, val
         if(compTarget.name == VMTarget.NAME)  // don't apply this optimization for Vm target
             return CondExprSimplificationResult(null, null, null, null)
 
-        var leftAssignment: Assignment? = null
-        var leftOperandReplacement: Expression? = null
-        var rightAssignment: Assignment? = null
-        var rightOperandReplacement: Expression? = null
-
-        val separateLeftExpr = !expr.left.isSimple
-                && expr.left !is IFunctionCall
-                && expr.left !is ContainmentCheck
-        val separateRightExpr = !expr.right.isSimple
-                && expr.right !is IFunctionCall
-                && expr.right !is ContainmentCheck
         val leftDt = expr.left.inferType(program)
         val rightDt = expr.right.inferType(program)
 
@@ -165,13 +161,24 @@ internal class NotExpressionAndIfComparisonExprChanger(val program: Program, val
             return CondExprSimplificationResult(null, null, null, null)
         }
 
+        var leftAssignment: Assignment? = null
+        var leftOperandReplacement: Expression? = null
+        var rightAssignment: Assignment? = null
+        var rightOperandReplacement: Expression? = null
+        val separateLeftExpr = !expr.left.isSimple
+                && expr.left !is IFunctionCall
+                && expr.left !is ContainmentCheck
+        val separateRightExpr = !expr.right.isSimple
+                && expr.right !is IFunctionCall
+                && expr.right !is ContainmentCheck
+
         if(separateLeftExpr) {
             val name = getTempRegisterName(leftDt)
             leftOperandReplacement = IdentifierReference(name, expr.position)
             leftAssignment = Assignment(
                 AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(name, expr.position), null, null, expr.position),
                 expr.left.copy(),
-                AssignmentOrigin.BEFOREASMGEN, expr.position
+                AssignmentOrigin.ASMGEN, expr.position
             )
         }
         if(separateRightExpr) {
@@ -180,7 +187,7 @@ internal class NotExpressionAndIfComparisonExprChanger(val program: Program, val
             rightAssignment = Assignment(
                 AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(tempVarName, expr.position), null, null, expr.position),
                 expr.right.copy(),
-                AssignmentOrigin.BEFOREASMGEN, expr.position
+                AssignmentOrigin.ASMGEN, expr.position
             )
         }
         return CondExprSimplificationResult(

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/StatementReorderer.kt

@@ -127,15 +127,6 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program,
     }
 
     override fun before(subroutine: Subroutine, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        if(subroutine.name=="start" && parent is Block) {
-            if(parent.statements.asSequence().filterIsInstance<Subroutine>().first().name!="start") {
-                return listOf(
-                        IAstModification.Remove(subroutine, parent),
-                        IAstModification.InsertFirst(subroutine, parent)
-                )
-            }
-        }
-
         val modifications = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
 
         val subs = subroutine.statements.filterIsInstance<Subroutine>()
@@ -162,7 +153,7 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program,
                     subroutine.statements
                         .asSequence()
                         .filterIsInstance<VarDecl>()
-                        .filter { it.subroutineParameter!=null && it.name in stringParamsByNames }
+                        .filter { it.origin==VarDeclOrigin.SUBROUTINEPARAM && it.name in stringParamsByNames }
                         .map {
                             val newvar = VarDecl(it.type, it.origin, DataType.UWORD,
                                 it.zeropage,
@@ -171,7 +162,6 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program,
                                 null,
                                 false,
                                 it.sharedWithAsm,
-                                stringParamsByNames.getValue(it.name),
                                 it.position
                             )
                             IAstModification.ReplaceNode(it, newvar, subroutine)

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/SymbolTableMaker.kt

@@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
-
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
-import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.*
-import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
-import prog8.code.*
-import prog8.code.core.ArrayDatatypes
-import prog8.code.core.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.code.core.DataType
-import prog8.code.core.Position
-import java.util.*
-
-internal class SymbolTableMaker: IAstVisitor {
-
-    private val st = SymbolTable()
-    private val scopestack = Stack<StNode>()
-    private var dontReinitGlobals = false
-
-    fun makeFrom(program: Program, options: CompilationOptions): SymbolTable {
-        scopestack.clear()
-        st.children.clear()
-        dontReinitGlobals = options.dontReinitGlobals
-        this.visit(program)
-        program.builtinFunctions.names.forEach {
-            val node = StNode(it, StNodeType.BUILTINFUNC, Position.DUMMY)
-            st.add(node)
-        }
-        return st
-    }
-
-    override fun visit(block: Block) {
-        val node = StNode(block.name, StNodeType.BLOCK, block.position)
-        st.add(node)
-        scopestack.push(node)
-        super.visit(block)
-        scopestack.pop()
-        // st.origAstLinks[block] = node
-    }
-
-    override fun visit(subroutine: Subroutine) {
-        if(subroutine.asmAddress!=null) {
-            val parameters = subroutine.parameters.zip(subroutine.asmParameterRegisters).map { StRomSubParameter(it.second, it.first.type) }
-            val node = StRomSub(subroutine.name, subroutine.asmAddress!!, parameters, subroutine.asmReturnvaluesRegisters, subroutine.position)
-            scopestack.peek().add(node)
-            // st.origAstLinks[subroutine] = node
-        } else {
-            val parameters = subroutine.parameters.map { StSubroutineParameter(it.name, it.type) }
-            val returnType = if(subroutine.returntypes.isEmpty()) null else subroutine.returntypes.first()
-            val node = StSub(subroutine.name, parameters, returnType, subroutine.position)
-            scopestack.peek().add(node)
-            scopestack.push(node)
-            super.visit(subroutine)
-            scopestack.pop()
-            // st.origAstLinks[subroutine] = node
-        }
-    }
-
-    override fun visit(decl: VarDecl) {
-        val node =
-            when(decl.type) {
-                VarDeclType.VAR -> {
-                    var initialNumeric = (decl.value as? NumericLiteral)?.number
-                    if(initialNumeric==0.0)
-                        initialNumeric=null     // variable will go into BSS and this will be set to 0
-                    val initialStringLit = decl.value as? StringLiteral
-                    val initialString = if(initialStringLit==null) null else Pair(initialStringLit.value, initialStringLit.encoding)
-                    val initialArrayLit = decl.value as? ArrayLiteral
-                    val initialArray = makeInitialArray(initialArrayLit)
-                    if(decl.isArray && decl.datatype !in ArrayDatatypes)
-                        throw FatalAstException("array vardecl has mismatched dt ${decl.datatype}")
-                    val numElements =
-                        if(decl.isArray)
-                            decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()
-                        else if(initialStringLit!=null)
-                            initialStringLit.value.length+1  // include the terminating 0-byte
-                        else
-                            null
-                    val bss = if(decl.datatype==DataType.STR)
-                        false
-                    else if(decl.isArray)
-                        initialArray.isNullOrEmpty()
-                    else
-                        initialNumeric == null
-                    StStaticVariable(decl.name, decl.datatype, bss, initialNumeric, initialString, initialArray, numElements, decl.zeropage, decl.position)
-                }
-                VarDeclType.CONST -> StConstant(decl.name, decl.datatype, (decl.value as NumericLiteral).number, decl.position)
-                VarDeclType.MEMORY -> {
-                    val numElements =
-                        if(decl.datatype in ArrayDatatypes)
-                            decl.arraysize!!.constIndex()
-                        else null
-                    StMemVar(decl.name, decl.datatype, (decl.value as NumericLiteral).number.toUInt(), numElements, decl.position)
-                }
-            }
-        scopestack.peek().add(node)
-        // st.origAstLinks[decl] = node
-    }
-
-    private fun makeInitialArray(arrayLit: ArrayLiteral?): StArray? {
-        if(arrayLit==null)
-            return null
-        return arrayLit.value.map {
-            when(it){
-                is AddressOf -> StArrayElement(null, it.identifier.nameInSource)
-                is IdentifierReference -> StArrayElement(null, it.nameInSource)
-                is NumericLiteral -> StArrayElement(it.number, null)
-                else -> throw FatalAstException("weird element dt in array literal")
-            }
-        }.toList()
-    }
-
-    override fun visit(label: Label) {
-        val node = StNode(label.name, StNodeType.LABEL, label.position)
-        scopestack.peek().add(node)
-        // st.origAstLinks[label] = node
-    }
-
-    override fun visit(bfc: BuiltinFunctionCall) {
-        if(bfc.name=="memory") {
-            // memory slab allocations are a builtin functioncall in the program, but end up named as well in the symboltable
-            val name = (bfc.args[0] as StringLiteral).value
-            require(name.all { it.isLetterOrDigit() || it=='_' }) {"memory name should be a valid symbol name"}
-            val size = (bfc.args[1] as NumericLiteral).number.toUInt()
-            val align = (bfc.args[2] as NumericLiteral).number.toUInt()
-            st.add(StMemorySlab("prog8_memoryslab_$name", size, align, bfc.position))
-        }
-        super.visit(bfc)
-    }
-}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/TypecastsAdder.kt

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
 import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
 import prog8.code.core.*
-import prog8.compiler.BuiltinFunctions
 
 
 class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val options: CompilationOptions, val errors: IErrorReporter) : AstWalker() {

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/VariousCleanups.kt

@@ -6,10 +6,7 @@ import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.AnonymousScope
-import prog8.ast.statements.Assignment
-import prog8.ast.statements.ConditionalBranch
-import prog8.ast.statements.IfElse
+import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
 import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
 import prog8.code.core.*
@@ -43,7 +40,7 @@ internal class VariousCleanups(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter,
         }
 
         val sourceDt = typecast.expression.inferType(program)
-        if(sourceDt istype typecast.type)
+        if(sourceDt istype typecast.type || (sourceDt istype DataType.BOOL && typecast.type==DataType.UBYTE))
             return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(typecast, typecast.expression, parent))
 
         if(parent is Assignment) {
@@ -65,10 +62,23 @@ internal class VariousCleanups(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter,
     }
 
     override fun after(assignment: Assignment, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        val nextAssign = assignment.nextSibling() as? Assignment
-        if(nextAssign!=null && nextAssign.target.isSameAs(assignment.target, program)) {
-            if(!nextAssign.isAugmentable && nextAssign.value isSameAs assignment.value && assignment.value !is IFunctionCall)    // don't remove function calls even when they're duplicates
-                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, parent as IStatementContainer))
+        if(assignment.target isSameAs assignment.value) {
+            // remove assignment to self
+            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, parent as IStatementContainer))
+        }
+
+        // remove duplicated assignments, but not if it's a memory mapped IO register
+        val isIO = try {
+            assignment.target.isIOAddress(options.compTarget.machine)
+        } catch (_: FatalAstException) {
+            false
+        }
+        if(!isIO) {
+            val nextAssign = assignment.nextSibling() as? Assignment
+            if (nextAssign != null && nextAssign.target.isSameAs(assignment.target, program)) {
+                if (!nextAssign.isAugmentable && nextAssign.value isSameAs assignment.value && assignment.value !is IFunctionCall)    // don't remove function calls even when they're duplicates
+                    return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, parent as IStatementContainer))
+            }
         }
 
         return noModifications
@@ -175,6 +185,19 @@ internal class VariousCleanups(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter,
             return noModifications
         }
 
+        fun checkArray(variable: VarDecl): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+            return if(variable.value==null) {
+                val arraySpec = variable.arraysize!!
+                val size = arraySpec.indexExpr.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt() ?: throw FatalAstException("no array size")
+                return if(size==0)
+                    replaceWithFalse()
+                else
+                    noModifications
+            }
+            else
+                checkArray((variable.value as ArrayLiteral).value)
+        }
+
         fun checkString(stringVal: StringLiteral): Iterable<IAstModification> {
             if(stringVal.value.isEmpty())
                 return replaceWithFalse()
@@ -198,8 +221,7 @@ internal class VariousCleanups(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter,
                         return checkString(stringVal)
                     }
                     in ArrayDatatypes -> {
-                        val array = (variable.value as ArrayLiteral).value
-                        return checkArray(array)
+                        return checkArray(variable)
                     }
                     else -> {}
                 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/VerifyFunctionArgTypes.kt

@@ -5,11 +5,7 @@ import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
-import prog8.code.core.ByteDatatypes
-import prog8.code.core.DataType
-import prog8.code.core.IErrorReporter
-import prog8.code.core.Position
-import prog8.compiler.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.code.core.*
 
 internal class VerifyFunctionArgTypes(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter) : IAstVisitor {
 

compiler/test/ModuleImporterTests.kt

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class TestModuleImporter: FunSpec({
                 val importer = makeImporter(null, dirRel.invariantSeparatorsPathString)
                 val srcPathRel = assumeNotExists(dirRel, "i_do_not_exist")
                 val srcPathAbs = srcPathRel.absolute()
-                val error1 = importer.importModule(srcPathRel).getErrorOrElse { fail("should have import error") }
+                val error1 = importer.importMainModule(srcPathRel).getErrorOrElse { fail("should have import error") }
                 withClue(".file should be normalized") {
                     "${error1.file}" shouldBe "${error1.file.normalize()}"
                 }
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class TestModuleImporter: FunSpec({
                     error1.file.absolutePath shouldBe "${srcPathAbs.normalize()}"
                 }
                 program.modules.size shouldBe 1
-                val error2 = importer.importModule(srcPathAbs).getErrorOrElse { fail("should have import error") }
+                val error2 = importer.importMainModule(srcPathAbs).getErrorOrElse { fail("should have import error") }
                 withClue(".file should be normalized") {
                     "${error2.file}" shouldBe "${error2.file.normalize()}"
                 }
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class TestModuleImporter: FunSpec({
                 val searchIn = Path(".", "$srcPathRel").invariantSeparatorsPathString
                 val importer = makeImporter(null, searchIn)
 
-                shouldThrow<FileSystemException> { importer.importModule(srcPathRel) }
+                shouldThrow<FileSystemException> { importer.importMainModule(srcPathRel) }
                     .let {
                         withClue(".file should be normalized") {
                             "${it.file}" shouldBe "${it.file.normalize()}"
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class TestModuleImporter: FunSpec({
                     }
                 program.modules.size shouldBe 1
 
-                shouldThrow<FileSystemException> { importer.importModule(srcPathAbs) }
+                shouldThrow<FileSystemException> { importer.importMainModule(srcPathAbs) }
                     .let {
                         withClue(".file should be normalized") {
                             "${it.file}" shouldBe "${it.file.normalize()}"
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class TestModuleImporter: FunSpec({
                 val fileName = "ast_simple_main.p8"
                 val path = assumeReadableFile(searchIn[0], fileName)
 
-                val module = importer.importModule(path.absolute()).getOrElse { throw it }
+                val module = importer.importMainModule(path.absolute()).getOrElse { throw it }
                 program.modules.size shouldBe 2
                 module shouldBeIn program.modules
                 module.program shouldBe program
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class TestModuleImporter: FunSpec({
                     path.isAbsolute shouldBe false
                 }
 
-                val module = importer.importModule(path).getOrElse { throw it }
+                val module = importer.importMainModule(path).getOrElse { throw it }
                 program.modules.size shouldBe 2
                 module shouldBeIn program.modules
                 module.program shouldBe program
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class TestModuleImporter: FunSpec({
                 val path = Path(".", fileName)
                 assumeReadableFile(searchIn, path)
 
-                val module = importer.importModule(path).getOrElse { throw it }
+                val module = importer.importMainModule(path).getOrElse { throw it }
                 program.modules.size shouldBe 2
                 module shouldBeIn program.modules
                 module.program shouldBe program
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class TestModuleImporter: FunSpec({
                     val importer = makeImporter(null, searchIn.invariantSeparatorsPathString)
                     val srcPath = assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, "ast_file_with_syntax_error.p8")
 
-                    val act = { importer.importModule(srcPath) }
+                    val act = { importer.importMainModule(srcPath) }
 
                     repeat(2) { n -> withClue(count[n] + " call") {
                             shouldThrow<ParseError> { act() }.let {
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ class TestModuleImporter: FunSpec({
                     val importing = assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, "import_file_with_syntax_error.p8")
                     val imported = assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, "file_with_syntax_error.p8")
 
-                    val act = { importer.importModule(importing) }
+                    val act = { importer.importMainModule(importing) }
 
                     repeat(repetitions) { n -> withClue(count[n] + " call") {
                         shouldThrow<ParseError> { act() }.let {
@@ -201,14 +201,14 @@ class TestModuleImporter: FunSpec({
                 val filenameWithExt = assumeNotExists(fixturesDir, "i_do_not_exist.p8").name
 
                 repeat(2) { n ->
-                    val result = importer.importLibraryModule(filenameNoExt)
+                    val result = importer.importImplicitLibraryModule(filenameNoExt)
                     withClue(count[n] + " call / NO .p8 extension") { result shouldBe null }
                     withClue(count[n] + " call / NO .p8 extension") { errors.noErrors() shouldBe false }
                     errors.errors.single() shouldContain "0:0: no module found with name i_do_not_exist"
                     errors.report()
                     program.modules.size shouldBe 1
 
-                    val result2 = importer.importLibraryModule(filenameWithExt)
+                    val result2 = importer.importImplicitLibraryModule(filenameWithExt)
                     withClue(count[n] + " call / with .p8 extension") { result2 shouldBe null }
                     withClue(count[n] + " call / with .p8 extension") { importer.errors.noErrors() shouldBe false }
                     errors.errors.single() shouldContain "0:0: no module found with name i_do_not_exist.p8"
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ class TestModuleImporter: FunSpec({
                     repeat(2) { n -> withClue(count[n] + " call") {
                             shouldThrow<ParseError>()
                             {
-                                importer.importLibraryModule(srcPath.nameWithoutExtension) }.let {
+                                importer.importImplicitLibraryModule(srcPath.nameWithoutExtension) }.let {
                                 it.position.file shouldBe SourceCode.relative(srcPath).toString()
                                 withClue("line; should be 1-based") { it.position.line shouldBe 2 }
                                 withClue("startCol; should be 0-based") { it.position.startCol shouldBe 6 }
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ class TestModuleImporter: FunSpec({
                     val importing = assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, "import_file_with_syntax_error.p8")
                     val imported = assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, "file_with_syntax_error.p8")
 
-                    val act = { importer.importLibraryModule(importing.nameWithoutExtension) }
+                    val act = { importer.importImplicitLibraryModule(importing.nameWithoutExtension) }
 
                     repeat(repetitions) { n -> withClue(count[n] + " call") {
                             shouldThrow<ParseError> {

compiler/test/TestBuiltinFunctions.kt

@@ -3,31 +3,19 @@ package prog8tests
 import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
 import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
 import io.kotest.matchers.shouldNotBe
+import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteral
+import prog8.ast.statements.Assignment
+import prog8.code.core.BuiltinFunctions
 import prog8.code.core.DataType
 import prog8.code.core.NumericDatatypesNoBool
 import prog8.code.core.RegisterOrPair
 import prog8.code.target.Cx16Target
-import prog8.compiler.BuiltinFunctions
 import prog8tests.helpers.compileText
 
 class TestBuiltinFunctions: FunSpec({
 
-    test("push pop") {
-        val src="""
-            main  {
-                sub start () { 
-                    pushw(cx16.r0)
-                    push(cx16.r1L)
-                    pop(cx16.r1L)
-                    popw(cx16.r0)
-                }
-            }"""
-        compileText(Cx16Target(), false, src, writeAssembly = true) shouldNotBe null
-    }
-
     test("pure func with fixed type") {
         val func = BuiltinFunctions.getValue("sgn")
-        func.name shouldBe "sgn"
         func.parameters.size shouldBe 1
         func.parameters[0].name shouldBe "value"
         func.parameters[0].possibleDatatypes shouldBe NumericDatatypesNoBool
@@ -46,7 +34,6 @@ class TestBuiltinFunctions: FunSpec({
 
     test("not-pure func with varying result value type") {
         val func = BuiltinFunctions.getValue("cmp")
-        func.name shouldBe "cmp"
         func.parameters.size shouldBe 2
         func.pure shouldBe false
         func.returnType shouldBe null
@@ -60,7 +47,6 @@ class TestBuiltinFunctions: FunSpec({
 
     test("func without return type") {
         val func = BuiltinFunctions.getValue("poke")
-        func.name shouldBe "poke"
         func.parameters.size shouldBe 2
         func.parameters[0].name shouldBe "address"
         func.parameters[0].possibleDatatypes shouldBe arrayOf(DataType.UWORD)
@@ -81,5 +67,44 @@ class TestBuiltinFunctions: FunSpec({
         conv.returns.floatFac1 shouldBe false
         conv.returns.reg shouldBe null
     }
+
+    test("push pop") {
+        val src="""
+            main  {
+                sub start () { 
+                    pushw(cx16.r0)
+                    push(cx16.r1L)
+                    pop(cx16.r1L)
+                    popw(cx16.r0)
+                }
+            }"""
+        compileText(Cx16Target(), false, src, writeAssembly = true) shouldNotBe null
+    }
+
+    test("certain builtin functions should be compile time evaluated") {
+        val src="""
+main {
+    sub start() {
+
+        uword[] array = [1,2,3]
+        str name = "hello"
+        cx16.r0L = len(array)
+        cx16.r0L = len(name)
+        cx16.r0L = sizeof(array)
+        cx16.r0 = mkword(200,100)
+    }
+}"""
+        val result = compileText(Cx16Target(), false, src, writeAssembly = false)
+        val statements = result!!.compilerAst.entrypoint.statements
+        statements.size shouldBe 6
+        val a1 = statements[2] as Assignment
+        val a2 = statements[3] as Assignment
+        val a3 = statements[4] as Assignment
+        val a4 = statements[5] as Assignment
+        (a1.value as NumericLiteral).number shouldBe 3.0
+        (a2.value as NumericLiteral).number shouldBe 5.0
+        (a3.value as NumericLiteral).number shouldBe 6.0
+        (a4.value as NumericLiteral).number shouldBe 200*256+100
+    }
 })
 

compiler/test/TestCallgraph.kt

@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ class TestCallgraph: FunSpec({
             }
         """
         val result = compileText(C64Target(), false, sourcecode)!!
-        val graph = CallGraph(result.program)
+        val graph = CallGraph(result.compilerAst)
 
         graph.imports.size shouldBe 1
         graph.importedBy.size shouldBe 1
-        val toplevelModule = result.program.toplevelModule
+        val toplevelModule = result.compilerAst.toplevelModule
         val importedModule = graph.imports.getValue(toplevelModule).single()
         importedModule.name shouldBe "string"
         val importedBy = graph.importedBy.getValue(importedModule).single()
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class TestCallgraph: FunSpec({
             graph.calls shouldNotContainKey sub
             graph.calledBy shouldNotContainKey sub
 
-            if(sub === result.program.entrypoint)
+            if(sub === result.compilerAst.entrypoint)
                 withClue("start() should always be marked as used to avoid having it removed") {
                     graph.unused(sub) shouldBe false
                 }
@@ -68,11 +68,11 @@ class TestCallgraph: FunSpec({
             }
         """
         val result = compileText(C64Target(), false, sourcecode)!!
-        val graph = CallGraph(result.program)
+        val graph = CallGraph(result.compilerAst)
 
         graph.imports.size shouldBe 1
         graph.importedBy.size shouldBe 1
-        val toplevelModule = result.program.toplevelModule
+        val toplevelModule = result.compilerAst.toplevelModule
         val importedModule = graph.imports.getValue(toplevelModule).single()
         importedModule.name shouldBe "string"
         val importedBy = graph.importedBy.getValue(importedModule).single()
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ class TestCallgraph: FunSpec({
             }
         """
         val result = compileText(C64Target(), false, sourcecode)!!
-        val graph = CallGraph(result.program)
-        graph.allIdentifiers.size shouldBeGreaterThanOrEqual 9
+        val graph = CallGraph(result.compilerAst)
+        graph.allIdentifiers.size shouldBeGreaterThanOrEqual 5
         val empties = graph.allIdentifiers.keys.filter { it.nameInSource==listOf("empty") }
         empties.size shouldBe 3
         empties[0].position.line shouldBe 4

compiler/test/TestCompilerOnCharLit.kt

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class TestCompilerOnCharLit: FunSpec({
             }
         """)!!
 
-        val program = result.program
+        val program = result.compilerAst
         val startSub = program.entrypoint
         val funCall = startSub.statements.filterIsInstance<IFunctionCall>()[0]
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class TestCompilerOnCharLit: FunSpec({
             }
         """)!!
 
-        val program = result.program
+        val program = result.compilerAst
         val startSub = program.entrypoint
         val funCall = startSub.statements.filterIsInstance<IFunctionCall>()[0]
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class TestCompilerOnCharLit: FunSpec({
             }
         """)!!
 
-        val program = result.program
+        val program = result.compilerAst
         val startSub = program.entrypoint
         val funCall = startSub.statements.filterIsInstance<IFunctionCall>()[0]
 

compiler/test/TestCompilerOnExamples.kt

@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ private fun compileTheThing(filepath: Path, optimize: Boolean, target: ICompilat
         filepath,
         optimize,
         optimizeFloatExpressions = true,
-        dontReinitGlobals = false,
         writeAssembly = true,
         slowCodegenWarnings = false,
         quietAssembler = true,
         asmListfile = false,
         experimentalCodegen = false,
+        varsHigh = false,
         compilationTarget = target.name,
         evalStackBaseAddress = null,
         symbolDefs = emptyMap(),
@@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ class TestCompilerOnExamplesVirtual: FunSpec({
         val (displayName, filepath) = prepareTestFiles(it, false, target)
         test(displayName) {
             val src = filepath.readText()
-            compileText(target, false, src, writeAssembly = true) shouldNotBe null
-            compileText(target, false, src, writeAssembly = true) shouldNotBe null
+            compileText(target, true, src, writeAssembly = true) shouldNotBe null
+            compileText(target, true, src, writeAssembly = true) shouldNotBe null
         }
     }
 })

compiler/test/TestCompilerOnImportsAndIncludes.kt

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class TestCompilerOnImportsAndIncludes: FunSpec({
             val platform = Cx16Target()
             val result = compileFile(platform, optimize = false, fixturesDir, filepath.name)!!
 
-            val program = result.program
+            val program = result.compilerAst
             val startSub = program.entrypoint
             val strLits = startSub.statements
                 .filterIsInstance<FunctionCallStatement>()
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class TestCompilerOnImportsAndIncludes: FunSpec({
             val platform = Cx16Target()
             val result = compileFile(platform, optimize = false, fixturesDir, filepath.name)!!
 
-            val program = result.program
+            val program = result.compilerAst
             val startSub = program.entrypoint
             val args = startSub.statements
                 .filterIsInstance<FunctionCallStatement>()

compiler/test/TestCompilerOnRanges.kt

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class TestCompilerOnRanges: FunSpec({
             }
         """)!!
 
-        val program = result.program
+        val program = result.compilerAst
         val startSub = program.entrypoint
         val decl = startSub
             .statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>()[0]
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class TestCompilerOnRanges: FunSpec({
             }
         """)!!
 
-        val program = result.program
+        val program = result.compilerAst
         val startSub = program.entrypoint
         val decl = startSub
             .statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>()[0]
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class TestCompilerOnRanges: FunSpec({
             }
         """)!!
 
-        val program = result.program
+        val program = result.compilerAst
         val startSub = program.entrypoint
         val iterable = startSub
             .statements.filterIsInstance<ForLoop>()
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class TestCompilerOnRanges: FunSpec({
             }
         """)!!
 
-        val program = result.program
+        val program = result.compilerAst
         val startSub = program.entrypoint
         val rangeExpr = startSub
             .statements.filterIsInstance<ForLoop>()
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ class TestCompilerOnRanges: FunSpec({
             }
         """)!!
 
-        val program = result.program
+        val program = result.compilerAst
         val startSub = program.entrypoint
         val rangeExpr = startSub
             .statements.filterIsInstance<ForLoop>()
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ class TestCompilerOnRanges: FunSpec({
             }
         """)!!
 
-        val program = result.program
+        val program = result.compilerAst
         val startSub = program.entrypoint
         val iterable = startSub
             .statements.filterIsInstance<ForLoop>()
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ class TestCompilerOnRanges: FunSpec({
                 }
             }
         """)!!
-        val statements = result.program.entrypoint.statements
+        val statements = result.compilerAst.entrypoint.statements
         val array = (statements[0] as VarDecl).value
         array shouldBe instanceOf<ArrayLiteral>()
         (array as ArrayLiteral).value.size shouldBe 26
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ class TestCompilerOnRanges: FunSpec({
                 }
             }
         """)!!
-        val statements = result.program.entrypoint.statements
+        val statements = result.compilerAst.entrypoint.statements
         val forloop = (statements.dropLast(1).last() as ForLoop)
         forloop.iterable shouldBe instanceOf<RangeExpression>()
         (forloop.iterable as RangeExpression).step shouldBe NumericLiteral(DataType.UBYTE, -2.0, Position.DUMMY)