also deal with zero args

# Conflicts:
#	compilerAst/src/prog8/ast/AstToplevel.kt

.idea/kotlinc.xml

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project version="4">
-  <component name="Kotlin2JvmCompilerArguments">
-    <option name="jvmTarget" value="11" />
-  </component>
-</project>

.idea/libraries/github_hypfvieh_dbus_java.xml

@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
 <component name="libraryTable">
   <library name="github.hypfvieh.dbus.java" type="repository">
-    <properties maven-id="com.github.hypfvieh:dbus-java:3.3.0" />
+    <properties maven-id="com.github.hypfvieh:dbus-java:3.3.1" />
     <CLASSES>
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/hypfvieh/dbus-java/3.3.0/dbus-java-3.3.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-unixsocket/0.38.5/jnr-unixsocket-0.38.5.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-ffi/2.2.1/jnr-ffi-2.2.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/hypfvieh/dbus-java/3.3.1/dbus-java-3.3.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-unixsocket/0.38.6/jnr-unixsocket-0.38.6.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-ffi/2.2.2/jnr-ffi-2.2.2.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jffi/1.3.1/jffi-1.3.1.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jffi/1.3.1/jffi-1.3.1-native.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm/9.0/asm-9.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-commons/9.0/asm-commons-9.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-analysis/9.0/asm-analysis-9.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-tree/9.0/asm-tree-9.0.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-util/9.0/asm-util-9.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm/9.1/asm-9.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-commons/9.1/asm-commons-9.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-analysis/9.1/asm-analysis-9.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-tree/9.1/asm-tree-9.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/ow2/asm/asm-util/9.1/asm-util-9.1.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-a64asm/1.0.0/jnr-a64asm-1.0.0.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-x86asm/1.0.2/jnr-x86asm-1.0.2.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-constants/0.10.1/jnr-constants-0.10.1.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-enxio/0.32.3/jnr-enxio-0.32.3.jar!/" />
-      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-posix/3.1.4/jnr-posix-3.1.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-enxio/0.32.4/jnr-enxio-0.32.4.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/jnr/jnr-posix/3.1.5/jnr-posix-3.1.5.jar!/" />
       <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.30/slf4j-api-1.7.30.jar!/" />
     </CLASSES>
     <JAVADOC />

.idea/libraries/io_kotest_assertions_core_jvm.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="io.kotest.assertions.core.jvm" type="repository">
+    <properties maven-id="io.kotest:kotest-assertions-core-jvm:4.6.3" />
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-core-jvm/4.6.3/kotest-assertions-core-jvm-4.6.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/1.5.0/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.5.0/kotlin-stdlib-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/1.5.0/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm/4.6.3/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm-4.6.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/java-diff-utils/java-diff-utils/4.9/java-diff-utils-4.9.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8/1.5.0/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-reflect/1.5.0/kotlin-reflect-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm/1.5.0/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.5.0/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-common-jvm/4.6.3/kotest-common-jvm-4.6.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-api-jvm/4.6.3/kotest-assertions-api-jvm-4.6.3.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>

.idea/libraries/io_kotest_property_jvm.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="io.kotest.property.jvm" type="repository">
+    <properties maven-id="io.kotest:kotest-property-jvm:4.6.3" />
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-property-jvm/4.6.3/kotest-property-jvm-4.6.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/1.5.0/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.5.0/kotlin-stdlib-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/1.5.0/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-common-jvm/4.6.3/kotest-common-jvm-4.6.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm/4.6.3/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm-4.6.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-api-jvm/4.6.3/kotest-assertions-api-jvm-4.6.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8/1.5.0/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/java-diff-utils/java-diff-utils/4.9/java-diff-utils-4.9.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/mifmif/generex/1.0.2/generex-1.0.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/dk/brics/automaton/automaton/1.11-8/automaton-1.11-8.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-reflect/1.5.0/kotlin-reflect-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm/1.5.0/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.5.0/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>

.idea/libraries/io_kotest_runner_junit5_jvm.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<component name="libraryTable">
+  <library name="io.kotest.runner.junit5.jvm" type="repository">
+    <properties maven-id="io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5-jvm:4.6.3" />
+    <CLASSES>
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-runner-junit5-jvm/4.6.3/kotest-runner-junit5-jvm-4.6.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-api-jvm/4.6.3/kotest-framework-api-jvm-4.6.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm/4.6.3/kotest-assertions-shared-jvm-4.6.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/java-diff-utils/java-diff-utils/4.9/java-diff-utils-4.9.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-common-jvm/4.6.3/kotest-common-jvm-4.6.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-engine-jvm/4.6.3/kotest-framework-engine-jvm-4.6.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/github/classgraph/classgraph/4.8.105/classgraph-4.8.105.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/ajalt/mordant/1.2.1/mordant-1.2.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/com/github/ajalt/colormath/1.2.0/colormath-1.2.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-script-util/1.5.0/kotlin-script-util-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/intellij/deps/trove4j/1.0.20181211/trove4j-1.0.20181211.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-daemon-client/1.5.0/kotlin-daemon-client-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core/1.3.8/kotlinx-coroutines-core-1.3.8.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-scripting-jvm/1.5.0/kotlin-scripting-jvm-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-scripting-common/1.5.0/kotlin-scripting-common-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/opentest4j/opentest4j/1.2.0/opentest4j-1.2.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-discovery-jvm/4.6.3/kotest-framework-discovery-jvm-4.6.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-core-jvm/4.6.3/kotest-assertions-core-jvm-4.6.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8/1.5.0/kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-assertions-api-jvm/4.6.3/kotest-assertions-api-jvm-4.6.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-extensions-jvm/4.6.3/kotest-extensions-jvm-4.6.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/commons-io/commons-io/2.6/commons-io-2.6.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk/1.9.3/mockk-1.9.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-common/1.9.3/mockk-common-1.9.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-dsl/1.9.3/mockk-dsl-1.9.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-dsl-jvm/1.9.3/mockk-dsl-jvm-1.9.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-agent-jvm/1.9.3/mockk-agent-jvm-1.9.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-agent-api/1.9.3/mockk-agent-api-1.9.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/mockk/mockk-agent-common/1.9.3/mockk-agent-common-1.9.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/objenesis/objenesis/3.0.1/objenesis-3.0.1.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/net/bytebuddy/byte-buddy/1.9.10/byte-buddy-1.9.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/net/bytebuddy/byte-buddy-agent/1.9.10/byte-buddy-agent-1.9.10.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/io/kotest/kotest-framework-concurrency-jvm/4.6.3/kotest-framework-concurrency-jvm-4.6.3.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlinx/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm/1.5.0/kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.5.0/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-engine/1.6.2/junit-platform-engine-1.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/apiguardian/apiguardian-api/1.1.0/apiguardian-api-1.1.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-commons/1.6.2/junit-platform-commons-1.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-suite-api/1.6.2/junit-platform-suite-api-1.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-launcher/1.6.2/junit-platform-launcher-1.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/junit/jupiter/junit-jupiter-api/5.6.2/junit-jupiter-api-5.6.2.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8/1.5.0/kotlin-stdlib-jdk8-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.5.0/kotlin-stdlib-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/annotations/13.0/annotations-13.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7/1.5.0/kotlin-stdlib-jdk7-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-script-runtime/1.5.0/kotlin-script-runtime-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+      <root url="jar://$MAVEN_REPOSITORY$/org/jetbrains/kotlin/kotlin-reflect/1.5.0/kotlin-reflect-1.5.0.jar!/" />
+    </CLASSES>
+    <JAVADOC />
+    <SOURCES />
+  </library>
+</component>

.idea/misc.xml

@@ -16,7 +16,10 @@
       </list>
     </option>
   </component>
+  <component name="FrameworkDetectionExcludesConfiguration">
+    <type id="Python" />
+  </component>
   <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_11" project-jdk-name="Kotlin SDK" project-jdk-type="KotlinSDK">
     <output url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/out" />
   </component>
-</project>
+</project>

.idea/modules.xml

@@ -2,8 +2,11 @@
 <project version="4">
   <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
     <modules>
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGeneration/codeGeneration.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeGeneration/codeGeneration.iml" />
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/codeOptimizers/codeOptimizers.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/codeOptimizers/codeOptimizers.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/compiler/compiler.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/compiler/compiler.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/compilerAst/compilerAst.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/compilerAst/compilerAst.iml" />
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/compilerInterfaces/compilerInterfaces.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/compilerInterfaces/compilerInterfaces.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/dbusCompilerService/dbusCompilerService.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/dbusCompilerService/dbusCompilerService.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/docs/docs.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/docs/docs.iml" />
       <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/examples/examples.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/examples/examples.iml" />

.readthedocs.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# .readthedocs.yaml
+# Read the Docs configuration file
+# See https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config-file/v2.html for details
+
+# Required
+version: 2
+
+# Set the version of Python and other tools you might need
+build:
+  os: ubuntu-20.04
+  tools:
+    python: "3.9"
+    # You can also specify other tool versions:
+    # nodejs: "16"
+    # rust: "1.55"
+    # golang: "1.17"
+
+# Build documentation in the docs/ directory with Sphinx
+sphinx:
+  configuration: docs/source/conf.py
+
+# If using Sphinx, optionally build your docs in additional formats such as PDF
+formats:
+  - pdf
+
+# Optionally declare the Python requirements required to build your docs
+python:
+  install:
+    - requirements: docs/requirements.txt

build.gradle

@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
 plugins {
-    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm" version "1.5.30" apply false
+    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm" version "$kotlinVersion" apply false
+}
+
+allprojects {
+    repositories {
+        mavenLocal()
+        mavenCentral()
+    }
 }

codeGeneration/build.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+
+plugins {
+    id 'java'
+    id 'application'
+    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm"
+    id "io.kotest" version "0.3.8"
+}
+
+java {
+    toolchain {
+        languageVersion = JavaLanguageVersion.of(javaVersion)
+    }
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    implementation project(':compilerInterfaces')
+    implementation project(':compilerAst')
+    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8"
+    // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect"
+    implementation "com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:1.1.12"
+
+    testImplementation 'io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5-jvm:4.6.3'
+}
+
+sourceSets {
+    main {
+        java {
+            srcDirs = ["${project.projectDir}/src"]
+        }
+        resources {
+            srcDirs = ["${project.projectDir}/res"]
+        }
+    }
+    test {
+        java {
+            srcDirs = ["${project.projectDir}/test"]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+test {
+    useJUnitPlatform()
+
+    // Always run tests, even when nothing changed.
+    dependsOn 'cleanTest'
+
+    // Show test results.
+    testLogging {
+        events "skipped", "failed"
+    }
+}

codeGeneration/codeGeneration.iml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module type="JAVA_MODULE" version="4">
+  <component name="NewModuleRootManager" inherit-compiler-output="true">
+    <exclude-output />
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src" isTestSource="false" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/test" isTestSource="true" />
+      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build" />
+    </content>
+    <orderEntry type="jdk" jdkName="openjdk-11" jdkType="JavaSDK" />
+    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="KotlinJavaRuntime" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="michael.bull.kotlin.result.jvm" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="compilerInterfaces" />
+    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="compilerAst" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="io.kotest.runner.junit5.jvm" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="io.kotest.assertions.core.jvm" level="project" />
+  </component>
+</module>

codeGeneration/src/prog8/compiler/target/AssemblyError.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package prog8.compiler.target
+
+class AssemblyError(msg: String) : RuntimeException(msg)

codeGeneration/src/prog8/compiler/target/C64Target.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package prog8.compiler.target
+
+import com.github.michaelbull.result.fold
+import prog8.ast.base.*
+import prog8.ast.expressions.Expression
+import prog8.ast.statements.RegisterOrStatusflag
+import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
+import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition
+import prog8.compiler.target.cbm.Petscii
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.asmsub6502ArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk
+import prog8.compilerinterface.ICompilationTarget
+
+object C64Target: ICompilationTarget {
+    override val name = "c64"
+    override val machine = C64MachineDefinition
+    override fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean): List<UByte> {
+        val coded = if (altEncoding) Petscii.encodeScreencode(str, true) else Petscii.encodePetscii(str, true)
+        return coded.fold(
+            failure = { throw it },
+            success = { it }
+        )
+    }
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<UByte>, altEncoding: Boolean) =
+        if (altEncoding) Petscii.decodeScreencode(bytes, true) else Petscii.decodePetscii(bytes, true)
+
+    override fun asmsubArgsEvalOrder(sub: Subroutine): List<Int> =
+        asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder(sub)
+    override fun asmsubArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk(args: List<Expression>, paramRegisters: List<RegisterOrStatusflag>) =
+        asmsub6502ArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk(args, paramRegisters)
+
+    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType): Int {
+        return when(dt) {
+            in ByteDatatypes -> 1
+            in WordDatatypes -> 2
+            DataType.FLOAT -> machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
+            in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> machine.POINTER_MEM_SIZE
+            else -> Int.MIN_VALUE
+        }
+    }
+}

codeGeneration/src/prog8/compiler/target/Cx16Target.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package prog8.compiler.target
+
+import com.github.michaelbull.result.fold
+import prog8.ast.base.ByteDatatypes
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.base.PassByReferenceDatatypes
+import prog8.ast.base.WordDatatypes
+import prog8.ast.expressions.Expression
+import prog8.ast.statements.RegisterOrStatusflag
+import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
+import prog8.compiler.target.cbm.Petscii
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.asmsub6502ArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk
+import prog8.compiler.target.cx16.CX16MachineDefinition
+import prog8.compilerinterface.ICompilationTarget
+
+
+object Cx16Target: ICompilationTarget {
+    override val name = "cx16"
+    override val machine = CX16MachineDefinition
+    override fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean): List<UByte> {
+        val coded= if (altEncoding) Petscii.encodeScreencode(str, true) else Petscii.encodePetscii(str, true)
+        return coded.fold(
+            failure = { throw it },
+            success = { it }
+        )
+    }
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<UByte>, altEncoding: Boolean) =
+        if (altEncoding) Petscii.decodeScreencode(bytes, true) else Petscii.decodePetscii(bytes, true)
+
+    override fun asmsubArgsEvalOrder(sub: Subroutine): List<Int> =
+        asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder(sub)
+    override fun asmsubArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk(args: List<Expression>, paramRegisters: List<RegisterOrStatusflag>) =
+        asmsub6502ArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk(args, paramRegisters)
+
+    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType): Int {
+        return when(dt) {
+            in ByteDatatypes -> 1
+            in WordDatatypes -> 2
+            DataType.FLOAT -> machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
+            in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> machine.POINTER_MEM_SIZE
+            else -> Int.MIN_VALUE
+        }
+    }
+}
+

codeGeneration/src/prog8/compiler/target/c64/C64MachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,16 +1,13 @@
 package prog8.compiler.target.c64
 
-import prog8.compiler.*
-import prog8.compiler.target.CpuType
-import prog8.compiler.target.IMachineDefinition
-import prog8.compiler.target.IMachineFloat
 import prog8.compiler.target.cbm.viceMonListPostfix
+import prog8.compilerinterface.*
 import java.io.IOException
 import java.nio.file.Path
 import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
 import kotlin.math.pow
 
-internal object C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
+object C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
     override val cpu = CpuType.CPU6502
 
@@ -19,18 +16,18 @@ internal object C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
     override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = -1.7014118345e+38        // bytes: 255,255,255,255,255
     override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = 5
     override val POINTER_MEM_SIZE = 2
-    override val BASIC_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x0801
-    override val RAW_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0xc000
+    override val BASIC_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x0801u
+    override val RAW_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0xc000u
 
     // the 2*256 byte evaluation stack (on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
-    override val ESTACK_LO = 0xce00        //  $ce00-$ceff inclusive
-    override val ESTACK_HI = 0xcf00        //  $ce00-$ceff inclusive
+    override val ESTACK_LO = 0xce00u     //  $ce00-$ceff inclusive
+    override val ESTACK_HI = 0xcf00u     //  $ce00-$ceff inclusive
 
     override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
 
     override fun getFloat(num: Number) = Mflpt5.fromNumber(num)
 
-    override fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions,compilationTargetName: String): List<String> {
+    override fun importLibs(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, compilationTargetName: String): List<String> {
         return if (compilerOptions.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC || compilerOptions.output == OutputType.PRG)
             listOf("syslib")
         else
@@ -59,7 +56,7 @@ internal object C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
         }
     }
 
-    override fun isRegularRAMaddress(address: Int): Boolean = address<0xa000 || address in 0xc000..0xcfff
+    override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address==0u || address==1u || address in 0xd000u..0xdfffu
 
     override fun initializeZeropage(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
         zeropage = C64Zeropage(compilerOptions)
@@ -77,23 +74,22 @@ internal object C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
             "sta", "stx", "sty", "tas", "tax", "tay", "tsx", "txa", "txs", "tya", "xaa")
 
 
-    internal class C64Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
+    class C64Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
 
-        override val SCRATCH_B1 = 0x02      // temp storage for a single byte
-        override val SCRATCH_REG = 0x03     // temp storage for a register, must be B1+1
-        override val SCRATCH_W1 = 0xfb      // temp storage 1 for a word  $fb+$fc
-        override val SCRATCH_W2 = 0xfd      // temp storage 2 for a word  $fb+$fc
+        override val SCRATCH_B1 = 0x02u      // temp storage for a single byte
+        override val SCRATCH_REG = 0x03u     // temp storage for a register, must be B1+1
+        override val SCRATCH_W1 = 0xfbu      // temp storage 1 for a word  $fb+$fc
+        override val SCRATCH_W2 = 0xfdu      // temp storage 2 for a word  $fb+$fc
 
 
         init {
             if (options.floats && options.zeropage !in arrayOf(ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE ))
-                throw CompilerException("when floats are enabled, zero page type should be 'floatsafe' or 'basicsafe' or 'dontuse'")
+                throw InternalCompilerException("when floats are enabled, zero page type should be 'floatsafe' or 'basicsafe' or 'dontuse'")
 
             if (options.zeropage == ZeropageType.FULL) {
-                free.addAll(0x04..0xf9)
-                free.add(0xff)
-                free.removeAll(listOf(SCRATCH_B1, SCRATCH_REG, SCRATCH_W1, SCRATCH_W1 + 1, SCRATCH_W2, SCRATCH_W2 + 1))
-                free.removeAll(listOf(0xa0, 0xa1, 0xa2, 0x91, 0xc0, 0xc5, 0xcb, 0xf5, 0xf6))        // these are updated by IRQ
+                free.addAll(0x04u..0xf9u)
+                free.add(0xffu)
+                free.removeAll(setOf(0xa0u, 0xa1u, 0xa2u, 0x91u, 0xc0u, 0xc5u, 0xcbu, 0xf5u, 0xf6u))        // these are updated by IRQ
             } else {
                 if (options.zeropage == ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE || options.zeropage == ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE) {
                     free.addAll(listOf(
@@ -110,7 +106,7 @@ internal object C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
                             0x7d, 0x7e, 0x7f, 0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, 0x88, 0x89, 0x8a,
                             0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f, 0xff
                             // 0x90-0xfa is 'kernal work storage area'
-                    ))
+                    ).map{it.toUInt()})
                 }
 
                 if (options.zeropage == ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE) {
@@ -122,34 +118,30 @@ internal object C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
                             0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68,
                             0x69, 0x6a, 0x6b, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x6f, 0x70, 0x71, 0x72,
                             0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f, 0xff
-                    ))
+                    ).map{it.toUInt()})
                 }
 
-                if(options.zeropage!=ZeropageType.DONTUSE) {
+                if(options.zeropage!= ZeropageType.DONTUSE) {
                     // add the free Zp addresses
                     // these are valid for the C-64 but allow BASIC to keep running fully *as long as you don't use tape I/O*
                     free.addAll(listOf(0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x0a, 0x0e,
                             0x92, 0x96, 0x9b, 0x9c, 0x9e, 0x9f, 0xa5, 0xa6,
-                            0xb0, 0xb1, 0xbe, 0xbf, 0xf9))
+                            0xb0, 0xb1, 0xbe, 0xbf, 0xf9).map{it.toUInt()})
                 } else {
                     // don't use the zeropage at all
                     free.clear()
                 }
             }
-            require(SCRATCH_B1 !in free)
-            require(SCRATCH_REG !in free)
-            require(SCRATCH_W1 !in free)
-            require(SCRATCH_W2 !in free)
 
-            for (reserved in options.zpReserved)
-                reserve(reserved)
+            removeReservedFromFreePool()
         }
     }
 
-    internal data class Mflpt5(val b0: Short, val b1: Short, val b2: Short, val b3: Short, val b4: Short): IMachineFloat {
+    data class Mflpt5(val b0: UByte, val b1: UByte, val b2: UByte, val b3: UByte, val b4: UByte):
+        IMachineFloat {
 
         companion object {
-            val zero = Mflpt5(0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+            val zero = Mflpt5(0u, 0u, 0u, 0u, 0u)
             fun fromNumber(num: Number): Mflpt5 {
                 // see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Binary_Format
                 // and https://sourceforge.net/p/acme-crossass/code-0/62/tree/trunk/ACME_Lib/cbm/mflpt.a
@@ -157,7 +149,7 @@ internal object C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
                 val flt = num.toDouble()
                 if (flt < FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE || flt > FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE)
-                    throw CompilerException("floating point number out of 5-byte mflpt range: $this")
+                    throw InternalCompilerException("floating point number out of 5-byte mflpt range: $this")
                 if (flt == 0.0)
                     return zero
 
@@ -178,16 +170,16 @@ internal object C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
                 return when {
                     exponent < 0 -> zero  // underflow, use zero instead
-                    exponent > 255 -> throw CompilerException("floating point overflow: $this")
+                    exponent > 255 -> throw InternalCompilerException("floating point overflow: $this")
                     exponent == 0 -> zero
                     else -> {
                         val mantLong = mantissa.toLong()
                         Mflpt5(
-                                exponent.toShort(),
-                                (mantLong.and(0x7f000000L) ushr 24).or(sign).toShort(),
-                                (mantLong.and(0x00ff0000L) ushr 16).toShort(),
-                                (mantLong.and(0x0000ff00L) ushr 8).toShort(),
-                                (mantLong.and(0x000000ffL)).toShort())
+                                exponent.toUByte(),
+                                (mantLong.and(0x7f000000L) ushr 24).or(sign).toUByte(),
+                                (mantLong.and(0x00ff0000L) ushr 16).toUByte(),
+                                (mantLong.and(0x0000ff00L) ushr 8).toUByte(),
+                                (mantLong.and(0x000000ffL)).toUByte())
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -195,7 +187,7 @@ internal object C64MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
         override fun toDouble(): Double {
             if (this == zero) return 0.0
-            val exp = b0 - 128
+            val exp = b0.toInt() - 128
             val sign = (b1.toInt() and 0x80) > 0
             val number = 0x80000000L.or(b1.toLong() shl 24).or(b2.toLong() shl 16).or(b3.toLong() shl 8).or(b4.toLong())
             val result = number.toDouble() * (2.0).pow(exp) / 0x100000000

codeGeneration/src/prog8/compiler/target/cbm/AssemblyProgram.kt

@@ -1,10 +1,17 @@
 package prog8.compiler.target.cbm
 
-import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.compiler.OutputType
-import prog8.compiler.target.IAssemblyProgram
-import prog8.compiler.target.generatedLabelPrefix
+import com.github.michaelbull.result.Ok
+import com.github.michaelbull.result.Result
+import com.github.michaelbull.result.mapError
+import prog8.compilerinterface.CompilationOptions
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IAssemblyProgram
+import prog8.compilerinterface.OutputType
+import prog8.compilerinterface.generatedLabelPrefix
+import prog8.parser.SourceCode
+import java.io.File
 import java.nio.file.Path
+import kotlin.io.path.Path
+import kotlin.io.path.isRegularFile
 
 
 internal const val viceMonListPostfix = "vice-mon-list"
@@ -20,12 +27,15 @@ class AssemblyProgram(
     private val binFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.bin")
     private val viceMonListFile = outputDir.resolve("$name.$viceMonListPostfix")
 
-    override fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions): Int {
+    override fun assemble(quiet: Boolean, options: CompilationOptions): Int {
         // add "-Wlong-branch"  to see warnings about conversion of branch instructions to jumps (default = do this silently)
         val command = mutableListOf("64tass", "--ascii", "--case-sensitive", "--long-branch",
                 "-Wall", "-Wno-strict-bool", "-Wno-shadow", // "-Werror",
                 "--dump-labels", "--vice-labels", "-l", viceMonListFile.toString(), "--no-monitor")
 
+        if(quiet)
+            command.add("--quiet")
+
         val outFile = when (options.output) {
             OutputType.PRG -> {
                 command.add("--cbm-prg")
@@ -76,3 +86,18 @@ class AssemblyProgram(
         viceMonListFile.toFile().appendText(breakpoints.joinToString("\n") + "\n")
     }
 }
+
+
+internal fun loadAsmIncludeFile(filename: String, source: SourceCode): Result<String, NoSuchFileException> {
+    return if (filename.startsWith(SourceCode.libraryFilePrefix)) {
+        return com.github.michaelbull.result.runCatching {
+            SourceCode.Resource("/prog8lib/${filename.substring(SourceCode.libraryFilePrefix.length)}").readText()
+        }.mapError { NoSuchFileException(File(filename)) }
+    } else {
+        val sib = Path(source.origin).resolveSibling(filename)
+        if (sib.isRegularFile())
+            Ok(SourceCode.File(sib).readText())
+        else
+            Ok(SourceCode.File(Path(filename)).readText())
+    }
+}

codeGeneration/src/prog8/compiler/target/cbm/Petscii.kt

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ object Petscii {
     // decoding:  from Petscii/Screencodes (0-255) to unicode
     // character tables used from https://github.com/dj51d/cbmcodecs
 
-    private val decodingPetsciiLowercase = arrayOf(
+    private val decodingPetsciiLowercase = charArrayOf(
         '\u0000',    //       0x00 -> \u0000
         '\ufffe',    //       0x01 -> UNDEFINED
         '\ufffe',    //       0x02 -> UNDEFINED
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ object Petscii {
         '\u2592'     //  ▒    0xFF -> MEDIUM SHADE
     )
 
-    private val decodingPetsciiUppercase = arrayOf(
+    private val decodingPetsciiUppercase = charArrayOf(
         '\u0000',    //       0x00 -> \u0000
         '\ufffe',    //       0x01 -> UNDEFINED
         '\ufffe',    //       0x02 -> UNDEFINED
@@ -369,13 +369,13 @@ object Petscii {
         '\u2190',    //  ←    0x5F -> LEFTWARDS ARROW
         '\u2500',    //  ─    0x60 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL
         '\u2660',    //  ♠    0x61 -> BLACK SPADE SUIT
-        '\u2502',    //  │    0x62 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL
-        '\u2500',    //  ─    0x63 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL
-        '\uf122',    //      0x64 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL ONE QUARTER UP (CUS)
-        '\uf123',    //      0x65 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL TWO QUARTERS UP (CUS)
-        '\uf124',    //      0x66 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL ONE QUARTER DOWN (CUS)
-        '\uf126',    //      0x67 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL ONE QUARTER LEFT (CUS)
-        '\uf128',    //      0x68 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL ONE QUARTER RIGHT (CUS)
+        '\uf13c',    //  │    0x62 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL ONE EIGHTH LEFT (CUS)
+        '\uf13b',    //  ─    0x63 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL ONE EIGHTH UP (CUS)
+        '\uf122',    //      0x64 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL TWO EIGHTHS UP (CUS)
+        '\uf123',    //      0x65 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL THREE EIGHTHS UP (CUS)
+        '\uf124',    //      0x66 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL ONE EIGHTH DOWN (CUS)
+        '\uf126',    //      0x67 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL TWO EIGHTHS LEFT (CUS)
+        '\uf128',    //      0x68 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL ONE EIGHTH RIGHT (CUS)
         '\u256e',    //  ╮    0x69 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC DOWN AND LEFT
         '\u2570',    //  ╰    0x6A -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC UP AND RIGHT
         '\u256f',    //  ╯    0x6B -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC UP AND LEFT
@@ -385,14 +385,14 @@ object Petscii {
         '\uf12b',    //      0x6F -> ONE EIGHTH BLOCK DOWN AND RIGHT (CUS)
         '\uf12c',    //      0x70 -> ONE EIGHTH BLOCK DOWN AND LEFT (CUS)
         '\u25cf',    //  ●    0x71 -> BLACK CIRCLE
-        '\uf125',    //      0x72 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL TWO QUARTERS DOWN (CUS)
+        '\uf125',    //      0x72 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL TWO EIGHTHS DOWN (CUS)
         '\u2665',    //  ♥    0x73 -> BLACK HEART SUIT
-        '\uf127',    //      0x74 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL TWO QUARTERS LEFT (CUS)
+        '\uf127',    //      0x74 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL THREE EIGHTHS LEFT (CUS)
         '\u256d',    //  ╭    0x75 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC DOWN AND RIGHT
         '\u2573',    //  ╳    0x76 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL CROSS
         '\u25cb',    //  ○    0x77 -> WHITE CIRCLE
         '\u2663',    //  ♣    0x78 -> BLACK CLUB SUIT
-        '\uf129',    //      0x79 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL TWO QUARTERS RIGHT (CUS)
+        '\uf129',    //      0x79 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL TWO EIGHTS RIGHT (CUS)
         '\u2666',    //  ♦    0x7A -> BLACK DIAMOND SUIT
         '\u253c',    //  ┼    0x7B -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL
         '\uf12e',    //      0x7C -> LEFT HALF BLOCK MEDIUM SHADE (CUS)
@@ -465,13 +465,13 @@ object Petscii {
         '\u259a',    //  ▚    0xBF -> QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND LOWER RIGHT
         '\u2500',    //  ─    0xC0 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL
         '\u2660',    //  ♠    0xC1 -> BLACK SPADE SUIT
-        '\u2502',    //  │    0xC2 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL
-        '\u2500',    //  ─    0xC3 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL
-        '\uf122',    //      0xC4 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL ONE QUARTER UP (CUS)
-        '\uf123',    //      0xC5 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL TWO QUARTERS UP (CUS)
-        '\uf124',    //      0xC6 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL ONE QUARTER DOWN (CUS)
-        '\uf126',    //      0xC7 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL ONE QUARTER LEFT (CUS)
-        '\uf128',    //      0xC8 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL ONE QUARTER RIGHT (CUS)
+        '\uf13c',    //  │    0xC2 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL ONE EIGHTH LEFT (CUS)
+        '\uf13b',    //  ─    0xC3 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL ONE EIGHTH UP (CUS)
+        '\uf122',    //      0xC4 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL TWO EIGHTHS UP (CUS)
+        '\uf123',    //      0xC5 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL THREE EIGHTHS UP (CUS)
+        '\uf124',    //      0xC6 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL ONE EIGHTH DOWN (CUS)
+        '\uf126',    //      0xC7 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL TWO EIGHTHS LEFT (CUS)
+        '\uf128',    //      0xC8 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL ONE EIGHTH RIGHT (CUS)
         '\u256e',    //  ╮    0xC9 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC DOWN AND LEFT
         '\u2570',    //  ╰    0xCA -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC UP AND RIGHT
         '\u256f',    //  ╯    0xCB -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC UP AND LEFT
@@ -481,14 +481,14 @@ object Petscii {
         '\uf12b',    //      0xCF -> ONE EIGHTH BLOCK DOWN AND RIGHT (CUS)
         '\uf12c',    //      0xD0 -> ONE EIGHTH BLOCK DOWN AND LEFT (CUS)
         '\u25cf',    //  ●    0xD1 -> BLACK CIRCLE
-        '\uf125',    //      0xD2 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL TWO QUARTERS DOWN (CUS)
+        '\uf125',    //      0xD2 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL TWO EIGHTS DOWN (CUS)
         '\u2665',    //  ♥    0xD3 -> BLACK HEART SUIT
-        '\uf127',    //      0xD4 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL TWO QUARTERS LEFT (CUS)
+        '\uf127',    //      0xD4 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL THREE EIGHTS LEFT (CUS)
         '\u256d',    //  ╭    0xD5 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC DOWN AND LEFT
         '\u2573',    //  ╳    0xD6 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL CROSS
         '\u25cb',    //  ○    0xD7 -> WHITE CIRCLE
         '\u2663',    //  ♣    0xD8 -> BLACK CLUB SUIT
-        '\uf129',    //      0xD9 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL TWO QUARTERS RIGHT (CUS)
+        '\uf129',    //      0xD9 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL TWO EIGHTS RIGHT (CUS)
         '\u2666',    //  ♦    0xDA -> BLACK DIAMOND SUIT
         '\u253c',    //  ┼    0xDB -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL
         '\uf12e',    //      0xDC -> LEFT HALF BLOCK MEDIUM SHADE (CUS)
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ object Petscii {
         '\u03c0'     //  π    0xFF -> GREEK SMALL LETTER PI
     )
 
-    private val decodingScreencodeLowercase = arrayOf(
+    private val decodingScreencodeLowercase = charArrayOf(
         '@'     ,    //  @    0x00 -> COMMERCIAL AT
         'a'     ,    //  a    0x01 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER A
         'b'     ,    //  b    0x02 -> LATIN SMALL LETTER B
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ object Petscii {
         '\ufffe'     //       0xFF -> UNDEFINED
     )
 
-    private val decodingScreencodeUppercase = arrayOf(
+    private val decodingScreencodeUppercase = charArrayOf(
         '@'     ,    //  @    0x00 -> COMMERCIAL AT
         'A'     ,    //  A    0x01 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A
         'B'     ,    //  B    0x02 -> LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B
@@ -855,13 +855,13 @@ object Petscii {
         '?'     ,    //  ?    0x3F -> QUESTION MARK
         '\u2500',    //  ─    0x40 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL
         '\u2660',    //  ♠    0x41 -> BLACK SPADE SUIT
-        '\u2502',    //  │    0x42 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL
-        '\u2500',    //  ─    0x43 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL
-        '\uf122',    //      0x44 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL ONE QUARTER UP (CUS)
-        '\uf123',    //      0x45 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL TWO QUARTERS UP (CUS)
-        '\uf124',    //      0x46 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL ONE QUARTER DOWN (CUS)
-        '\uf126',    //      0x47 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL ONE QUARTER LEFT (CUS)
-        '\uf128',    //      0x48 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL ONE QUARTER RIGHT (CUS)
+        '\uf13c',    //  │    0x42 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL ONE EIGHTH LEFT (CUS)
+        '\uf13b',    //  ─    0x43 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL ONE EIGHTH UP (CUS)
+        '\uf122',    //      0x44 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL TWO EIGHTHS UP (CUS)
+        '\uf123',    //      0x45 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL THREE EIGHTHS UP (CUS
+        '\uf124',    //      0x46 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL ONE EIGHTH DOWN (CUS)
+        '\uf126',    //      0x47 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL TWO EIGHTHS LEFT (CUS)
+        '\uf128',    //      0x48 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL ONE EIGHTH RIGHT (CUS)
         '\u256e',    //  ╮    0x49 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC DOWN AND LEFT
         '\u2570',    //  ╰    0x4A -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC UP AND RIGHT
         '\u256f',    //  ╯    0x4B -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC UP AND LEFT
@@ -871,14 +871,14 @@ object Petscii {
         '\uf12b',    //      0x4F -> ONE EIGHTH BLOCK DOWN AND RIGHT (CUS)
         '\uf12c',    //      0x50 -> ONE EIGHTH BLOCK DOWN AND LEFT (CUS)
         '\u25cf',    //  ●    0x51 -> BLACK CIRCLE
-        '\uf125',    //      0x52 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL TWO QUARTERS DOWN (CUS)
+        '\uf125',    //      0x52 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL TWO EIGHTS DOWN (CUS)
         '\u2665',    //  ♥    0x53 -> BLACK HEART SUIT
-        '\uf127',    //      0x54 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL TWO QUARTERS LEFT (CUS)
+        '\uf127',    //      0x54 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL THREE EIGHTS LEFT (CUS)
         '\u256d',    //  ╭    0x55 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC DOWN AND RIGHT
         '\u2573',    //  ╳    0x56 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL CROSS
         '\u25cb',    //  ○    0x57 -> WHITE CIRCLE
         '\u2663',    //  ♣    0x58 -> BLACK CLUB SUIT
-        '\uf129',    //      0x59 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL TWO QUARTERS RIGHT (CUS)
+        '\uf129',    //      0x59 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL TWO EIGHTS RIGHT (CUS)
         '\u2666',    //  ♦    0x5A -> BLACK DIAMOND SUIT
         '\u253c',    //  ┼    0x5B -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL
         '\uf12e',    //      0x5C -> LEFT HALF BLOCK MEDIUM SHADE (CUS)
@@ -1065,15 +1065,15 @@ object Petscii {
             else -> chr
         }
 
-    fun encodePetscii(text: String, lowercase: Boolean = false): Result<List<Short>, CharConversionException> {
-        fun encodeChar(chr3: Char, lowercase: Boolean): Short {
+    fun encodePetscii(text: String, lowercase: Boolean = false): Result<List<UByte>, CharConversionException> {
+        fun encodeChar(chr3: Char, lowercase: Boolean): UByte {
             val chr = replaceSpecial(chr3)
             val screencode = if(lowercase) encodingPetsciiLowercase[chr] else encodingPetsciiUppercase[chr]
-            return screencode?.toShort() ?: when (chr) {
-                '\u0000' -> 0.toShort()
+            return screencode?.toUByte() ?: when (chr) {
+                '\u0000' -> 0u
                 in '\u8000'..'\u80ff' -> {
                     // special case: take the lower 8 bit hex value directly
-                    (chr.code - 0x8000).toShort()
+                    (chr.code - 0x8000).toUByte()
                 }
                 else -> {
                     val case = if (lowercase) "lower" else "upper"
@@ -1095,27 +1095,24 @@ object Petscii {
         }
     }
 
-    fun decodePetscii(petscii: Iterable<Short>, lowercase: Boolean = false): String {
+    fun decodePetscii(petscii: Iterable<UByte>, lowercase: Boolean = false): String {
         return petscii.map {
             val code = it.toInt()
-            try {
-                if(lowercase) decodingPetsciiLowercase[code] else decodingPetsciiUppercase[code]
-            } catch(x: CharConversionException) {
-                // TODO this CharConversionException can never occur?? also clean up ICompilationTarget.decodeString?
-                if(lowercase) decodingPetsciiUppercase[code] else decodingPetsciiLowercase[code]
-            }
+            if(code<0 || code>= decodingPetsciiLowercase.size)
+                throw CharConversionException("petscii $code out of range 0..${decodingPetsciiLowercase.size-1}")
+            if(lowercase) decodingPetsciiLowercase[code] else decodingPetsciiUppercase[code]
         }.joinToString("")
     }
 
-    fun encodeScreencode(text: String, lowercase: Boolean = false): Result<List<Short>, CharConversionException> {
-        fun encodeChar(chr3: Char, lowercase: Boolean): Short {
+    fun encodeScreencode(text: String, lowercase: Boolean = false): Result<List<UByte>, CharConversionException> {
+        fun encodeChar(chr3: Char, lowercase: Boolean): UByte {
             val chr = replaceSpecial(chr3)
             val screencode = if(lowercase) encodingScreencodeLowercase[chr] else encodingScreencodeUppercase[chr]
-            return screencode?.toShort() ?: when (chr) {
-                '\u0000' -> 0.toShort()
+            return screencode?.toUByte() ?: when (chr) {
+                '\u0000' -> 0u
                 in '\u8000'..'\u80ff' -> {
                     // special case: take the lower 8 bit hex value directly
-                    (chr.code - 0x8000).toShort()
+                    (chr.code - 0x8000).toUByte()
                 }
                 else -> {
                     val case = if (lowercase) "lower" else "upper"
@@ -1137,48 +1134,46 @@ object Petscii {
         }
     }
 
-    fun decodeScreencode(screencode: Iterable<Short>, lowercase: Boolean = false): String {
+    fun decodeScreencode(screencode: Iterable<UByte>, lowercase: Boolean = false): String {
         return screencode.map {
             val code = it.toInt()
-            try {
-                if (lowercase) decodingScreencodeLowercase[code] else decodingScreencodeUppercase[code]
-            } catch (x: CharConversionException) {
-                // TODO this CharConversionException can never occur?? also clean up ICompilationTarget.decodeString?
-                if (lowercase) decodingScreencodeUppercase[code] else decodingScreencodeLowercase[code]
-            }
+            if(code<0 || code>= decodingScreencodeLowercase.size)
+                throw CharConversionException("screencode $code out of range 0..${decodingScreencodeLowercase.size-1}")
+            if (lowercase) decodingScreencodeLowercase[code] else decodingScreencodeUppercase[code]
         }.joinToString("")
     }
 
-    fun petscii2scr(petscii_code: Short, inverseVideo: Boolean): Result<Short, CharConversionException> {
-        val code = when {
-            petscii_code <= 0x1f -> petscii_code + 128
-            petscii_code <= 0x3f -> petscii_code.toInt()
-            petscii_code <= 0x5f -> petscii_code - 64
-            petscii_code <= 0x7f -> petscii_code - 32
-            petscii_code <= 0x9f -> petscii_code + 64
-            petscii_code <= 0xbf -> petscii_code - 64
-            petscii_code <= 0xfe -> petscii_code - 128
-            petscii_code == 255.toShort() -> 95
+    fun petscii2scr(petscii_code: UByte, inverseVideo: Boolean): Result<UByte, CharConversionException> {
+        val code: UInt = when {
+            petscii_code <= 0x1fu -> petscii_code + 128u
+            petscii_code <= 0x3fu -> petscii_code.toUInt()
+            petscii_code <= 0x5fu -> petscii_code - 64u
+            petscii_code <= 0x7fu -> petscii_code - 32u
+            petscii_code <= 0x9fu -> petscii_code + 64u
+            petscii_code <= 0xbfu -> petscii_code - 64u
+            petscii_code <= 0xfeu -> petscii_code - 128u
+            petscii_code == 255.toUByte() -> 95u
             else -> return Err(CharConversionException("petscii code out of range"))
         }
-        if(inverseVideo)
-            return Ok((code or 0x80).toShort())
-        return Ok(code.toShort())
+        if(inverseVideo) {
+            return Ok((code or 0x80u).toUByte())
+        }
+        return Ok(code.toUByte())
     }
 
-    fun scr2petscii(screencode: Short): Result<Short, CharConversionException> {
-        val petscii = when {
-            screencode <= 0x1f -> screencode + 64
-            screencode <= 0x3f -> screencode.toInt()
-            screencode <= 0x5d -> screencode +123
-            screencode == 0x5e.toShort() -> 255
-            screencode == 0x5f.toShort() -> 223
-            screencode <= 0x7f -> screencode + 64
-            screencode <= 0xbf -> screencode - 128
-            screencode <= 0xfe -> screencode - 64
-            screencode == 255.toShort() -> 191
+    fun scr2petscii(screencode: UByte): Result<UByte, CharConversionException> {
+        val petscii: UInt = when {
+            screencode <= 0x1fu -> screencode + 64u
+            screencode <= 0x3fu -> screencode.toUInt()
+            screencode <= 0x5du -> screencode +123u
+            screencode == 0x5e.toUByte() -> 255u
+            screencode == 0x5f.toUByte() -> 223u
+            screencode <= 0x7fu -> screencode + 64u
+            screencode <= 0xbfu -> screencode - 128u
+            screencode <= 0xfeu -> screencode - 64u
+            screencode == 255.toUByte() -> 191u
             else -> return Err(CharConversionException("screencode out of range"))
         }
-        return Ok(petscii.toShort())
+        return Ok(petscii.toUByte())
     }
 }

codeGeneration/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/AsmOptimizer.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen
+
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.VarDeclType
+import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IMachineDefinition
+
+
+// note: see https://wiki.nesdev.org/w/index.php/6502_assembly_optimisations
+
+
+fun optimizeAssembly(lines: MutableList<String>, machine: IMachineDefinition, program: Program): Int {
+
+    var numberOfOptimizations = 0
+
+    var linesByFour = getLinesBy(lines, 4)
+
+    var mods = optimizeUselessStackByteWrites(linesByFour)
+    if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
+        apply(mods, lines)
+        linesByFour = getLinesBy(lines, 4)
+        numberOfOptimizations++
+    }
+
+    mods = optimizeIncDec(linesByFour)
+    if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
+        apply(mods, lines)
+        linesByFour = getLinesBy(lines, 4)
+        numberOfOptimizations++
+    }
+
+    mods = optimizeCmpSequence(linesByFour)
+    if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
+        apply(mods, lines)
+        linesByFour = getLinesBy(lines, 4)
+        numberOfOptimizations++
+    }
+
+    mods = optimizeStoreLoadSame(linesByFour, machine, program)
+    if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
+        apply(mods, lines)
+        linesByFour = getLinesBy(lines, 4)
+        numberOfOptimizations++
+    }
+
+    mods= optimizeJsrRts(linesByFour)
+    if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
+        apply(mods, lines)
+        linesByFour = getLinesBy(lines, 4)
+        numberOfOptimizations++
+    }
+
+    var linesByFourteen = getLinesBy(lines, 14)
+    mods = optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen, machine, program)
+    if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
+        apply(mods, lines)
+        linesByFourteen = getLinesBy(lines, 14)
+        numberOfOptimizations++
+    }
+
+    // TODO more assembly optimizations
+
+    return numberOfOptimizations
+}
+
+private class Modification(val lineIndex: Int, val remove: Boolean, val replacement: String?)
+
+private fun apply(modifications: List<Modification>, lines: MutableList<String>) {
+    for (modification in modifications.sortedBy { it.lineIndex }.reversed()) {
+        if(modification.remove)
+            lines.removeAt(modification.lineIndex)
+        else
+            lines[modification.lineIndex] = modification.replacement!!
+    }
+}
+
+private fun getLinesBy(lines: MutableList<String>, windowSize: Int) =
+// all lines (that aren't empty or comments) in sliding windows of certain size
+        lines.withIndex().filter { it.value.isNotBlank() && !it.value.trimStart().startsWith(';') }.windowed(windowSize, partialWindows = false)
+
+private fun optimizeCmpSequence(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<Modification> {
+    // when statement (on bytes) generates a sequence of:
+    //	 lda  $ce01,x
+    //	 cmp  #$20
+    //	 beq  check_prog8_s72choice_32
+    //	 lda  $ce01,x
+    //	 cmp  #$21
+    //	 beq  check_prog8_s73choice_33
+    // the repeated lda can be removed
+    val mods = mutableListOf<Modification>()
+    for(lines in linesByFour) {
+        if(lines[0].value.trim()=="lda  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x" &&
+                lines[1].value.trim().startsWith("cmp ") &&
+                lines[2].value.trim().startsWith("beq ") &&
+                lines[3].value.trim()=="lda  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x") {
+            mods.add(Modification(lines[3].index, true, null)) // remove the second lda
+        }
+    }
+    return mods
+}
+
+private fun optimizeUselessStackByteWrites(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<Modification> {
+    // sta on stack, dex, inx, lda from stack -> eliminate this useless stack byte write
+    // this is a lot harder for word values because the instruction sequence varies.
+    val mods = mutableListOf<Modification>()
+    for(lines in linesByFour) {
+        if(lines[0].value.trim()=="sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x" &&
+                lines[1].value.trim()=="dex" &&
+                lines[2].value.trim()=="inx" &&
+                lines[3].value.trim()=="lda  P8ESTACK_LO,x") {
+            mods.add(Modification(lines[1].index, true, null))
+            mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, true, null))
+            mods.add(Modification(lines[3].index, true, null))
+        }
+    }
+    return mods
+}
+
+private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>, machine: IMachineDefinition, program: Program): List<Modification> {
+
+    // Optimize sequential assignments of the same value to various targets (bytes, words, floats)
+    // the float one is the one that requires 2*7=14 lines of code to check...
+    // The better place to do this is in the Compiler instead and never create these types of assembly, but hey
+
+    val mods = mutableListOf<Modification>()
+    for (lines in linesByFourteen) {
+        val first = lines[0].value.trimStart()
+        val second = lines[1].value.trimStart()
+        val third = lines[2].value.trimStart()
+        val fourth = lines[3].value.trimStart()
+        val fifth = lines[4].value.trimStart()
+        val sixth = lines[5].value.trimStart()
+        val seventh = lines[6].value.trimStart()
+        val eighth = lines[7].value.trimStart()
+
+        if(first.startsWith("lda") && second.startsWith("ldy") && third.startsWith("sta") && fourth.startsWith("sty") &&
+                fifth.startsWith("lda") && sixth.startsWith("ldy") && seventh.startsWith("sta") && eighth.startsWith("sty")) {
+            val firstvalue = first.substring(4)
+            val secondvalue = second.substring(4)
+            val thirdvalue = fifth.substring(4)
+            val fourthvalue = sixth.substring(4)
+            if(firstvalue==thirdvalue && secondvalue==fourthvalue) {
+                // lda/ldy   sta/sty   twice the same word -->  remove second lda/ldy pair (fifth and sixth lines)
+                val address1 = getAddressArg(first, program)
+                val address2 = getAddressArg(second, program)
+                if(address1==null || address2==null || (!machine.isIOAddress(address1) && !machine.isIOAddress(address2))) {
+                    mods.add(Modification(lines[4].index, true, null))
+                    mods.add(Modification(lines[5].index, true, null))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if(first.startsWith("lda") && second.startsWith("sta") && third.startsWith("lda") && fourth.startsWith("sta")) {
+            val firstvalue = first.substring(4)
+            val secondvalue = third.substring(4)
+            if(firstvalue==secondvalue) {
+                // lda value / sta ? / lda same-value / sta ?  -> remove second lda (third line)
+                val address = getAddressArg(first, program)
+                if(address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address))
+                    mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, true, null))
+            }
+        }
+
+        if(first.startsWith("lda") && second.startsWith("ldy") && third.startsWith("sta") && fourth.startsWith("sty") &&
+                fifth.startsWith("lda") && sixth.startsWith("ldy") &&
+                (seventh.startsWith("jsr  floats.copy_float") || seventh.startsWith("jsr  cx16flt.copy_float"))) {
+
+            val nineth = lines[8].value.trimStart()
+            val tenth = lines[9].value.trimStart()
+            val eleventh = lines[10].value.trimStart()
+            val twelveth = lines[11].value.trimStart()
+            val thirteenth = lines[12].value.trimStart()
+            val fourteenth = lines[13].value.trimStart()
+
+            if(eighth.startsWith("lda") && nineth.startsWith("ldy") && tenth.startsWith("sta") && eleventh.startsWith("sty") &&
+                    twelveth.startsWith("lda") && thirteenth.startsWith("ldy") &&
+                    (fourteenth.startsWith("jsr  floats.copy_float") || fourteenth.startsWith("jsr  cx16flt.copy_float"))) {
+
+                if(first.substring(4) == eighth.substring(4) && second.substring(4)==nineth.substring(4)) {
+                    // identical float init
+                    mods.add(Modification(lines[7].index, true, null))
+                    mods.add(Modification(lines[8].index, true, null))
+                    mods.add(Modification(lines[9].index, true, null))
+                    mods.add(Modification(lines[10].index, true, null))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        var overlappingMods = false
+        /*
+        sta  prog8_lib.retval_intermX      ; remove
+        sty  prog8_lib.retval_intermY      ; remove
+        lda  prog8_lib.retval_intermX      ; remove
+        ldy  prog8_lib.retval_intermY      ; remove
+        sta  A1
+        sty  A2
+         */
+        if(first.startsWith("st") && second.startsWith("st")
+            && third.startsWith("ld") && fourth.startsWith("ld")
+            && fifth.startsWith("st") && sixth.startsWith("st")) {
+            val reg1 = first[2]
+            val reg2 = second[2]
+            val reg3 = third[2]
+            val reg4 = fourth[2]
+            val reg5 = fifth[2]
+            val reg6 = sixth[2]
+            if (reg1 == reg3 && reg1 == reg5 && reg2 == reg4 && reg2 == reg6) {
+                val firstvalue = first.substring(4)
+                val secondvalue = second.substring(4)
+                val thirdvalue = third.substring(4)
+                val fourthvalue = fourth.substring(4)
+                if(firstvalue.contains("prog8_lib.retval_interm") && secondvalue.contains("prog8_lib.retval_interm")
+                    && firstvalue==thirdvalue && secondvalue==fourthvalue) {
+                    mods.add(Modification(lines[0].index, true, null))
+                    mods.add(Modification(lines[1].index, true, null))
+                    mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, true, null))
+                    mods.add(Modification(lines[3].index, true, null))
+                    overlappingMods = true
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /*
+        sta  A1
+        sty  A2
+        lda  A1     ; can be removed
+        ldy  A2     ; can be removed if not followed by a branch instuction
+         */
+        if(!overlappingMods && first.startsWith("st") && second.startsWith("st")
+            && third.startsWith("ld") && fourth.startsWith("ld")) {
+            val reg1 = first[2]
+            val reg2 = second[2]
+            val reg3 = third[2]
+            val reg4 = fourth[2]
+            if(reg1==reg3 && reg2==reg4) {
+                val firstvalue = first.substring(4)
+                val secondvalue = second.substring(4)
+                val thirdvalue = third.substring(4)
+                val fourthvalue = fourth.substring(4)
+                if(firstvalue==thirdvalue && secondvalue == fourthvalue) {
+                    val address = getAddressArg(first, program)
+                    if(address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address)) {
+                        overlappingMods = true
+                        mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, true, null))
+                        if (!fifth.startsWith('b'))
+                            mods.add(Modification(lines[3].index, true, null))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        /*
+        sta  A1
+        sty  A2
+        lda  A1     ; can be removed if not followed by a branch instruction
+         */
+        if(!overlappingMods && first.startsWith("st") && second.startsWith("st")
+            && third.startsWith("ld") && !fourth.startsWith("b")) {
+            val reg1 = first[2]
+            val reg3 = third[2]
+            if(reg1==reg3) {
+                val firstvalue = first.substring(4)
+                val thirdvalue = third.substring(4)
+                if(firstvalue==thirdvalue) {
+                    val address = getAddressArg(first, program)
+                    if(address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address)) {
+                        overlappingMods = true
+                        mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, true, null))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /*
+        sta  A1
+        ldy  A1     ; make tay
+        sta  A1     ; remove
+         */
+        if(!overlappingMods && first.startsWith("sta") && second.startsWith("ld")
+            && third.startsWith("sta") && second.length>4) {
+            val firstvalue = first.substring(4)
+            val secondvalue = second.substring(4)
+            val thirdvalue = third.substring(4)
+            if(firstvalue==secondvalue && firstvalue==thirdvalue) {
+                val address = getAddressArg(first, program)
+                if(address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address)) {
+                    overlappingMods = true
+                    val reg2 = second[2]
+                    mods.add(Modification(lines[1].index, false, "  ta$reg2"))
+                    mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, true, null))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /*
+        sta  A
+        sta  A
+         */
+        if(!overlappingMods && first.startsWith("st") && second.startsWith("st")) {
+            if(first[2]==second[2]) {
+                val firstvalue = first.substring(4)
+                val secondvalue = second.substring(4)
+                if(firstvalue==secondvalue) {
+                    val address = getAddressArg(first, program)
+                    if(address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address)) {
+                        overlappingMods = true
+                        mods.add(Modification(lines[1].index, true, null))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return mods
+}
+
+private fun optimizeStoreLoadSame(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>, machine: IMachineDefinition, program: Program): List<Modification> {
+    // sta X + lda X,  sty X + ldy X,   stx X + ldx X  -> the second instruction can OFTEN be eliminated
+    val mods = mutableListOf<Modification>()
+    for (lines in linesByFour) {
+        val first = lines[1].value.trimStart()
+        val second = lines[2].value.trimStart()
+
+        if ((first.startsWith("sta ") && second.startsWith("lda ")) ||
+                (first.startsWith("stx ") && second.startsWith("ldx ")) ||
+                (first.startsWith("sty ") && second.startsWith("ldy ")) ||
+                (first.startsWith("lda ") && second.startsWith("lda ")) ||
+                (first.startsWith("ldy ") && second.startsWith("ldy ")) ||
+                (first.startsWith("ldx ") && second.startsWith("ldx ")) ||
+                (first.startsWith("sta ") && second.startsWith("lda ")) ||
+                (first.startsWith("sty ") && second.startsWith("ldy ")) ||
+                (first.startsWith("stx ") && second.startsWith("ldx "))
+        ) {
+            val third = lines[3].value.trimStart()
+            val attemptRemove =
+                if(third.startsWith("b")) {
+                    // a branch instruction follows, we can only remove the load instruction if
+                    // another load instruction of the same register precedes the store instruction
+                    // (otherwise wrong cpu flags are used)
+                    val loadinstruction = second.substring(0, 3)
+                    lines[0].value.trimStart().startsWith(loadinstruction)
+                }
+                else {
+                    // no branch instruction follows, we can remove the load instruction
+                    val address = getAddressArg(lines[2].value, program)
+                    address==null || !machine.isIOAddress(address)
+                }
+
+            if(attemptRemove) {
+                val firstLoc = first.substring(4).trimStart()
+                val secondLoc = second.substring(4).trimStart()
+                if (firstLoc == secondLoc)
+                    mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, true, null))
+            }
+        }
+        else if(first=="pha" && second=="pla" ||
+            first=="phx" && second=="plx" ||
+            first=="phy" && second=="ply" ||
+            first=="php" && second=="plp") {
+            mods.add(Modification(lines[1].index, true, null))
+            mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, true, null))
+        } else if(first=="pha" && second=="plx") {
+            mods.add(Modification(lines[1].index, true, null))
+            mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, false, "  tax"))
+        } else if(first=="pha" && second=="ply") {
+            mods.add(Modification(lines[1].index, true, null))
+            mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, false, "  tay"))
+        } else if(first=="phx" && second=="pla") {
+            mods.add(Modification(lines[1].index, true, null))
+            mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, false, "  txa"))
+        } else if(first=="phx" && second=="ply") {
+            mods.add(Modification(lines[1].index, true, null))
+            mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, false, "  txy"))
+        } else if(first=="phy" && second=="pla") {
+            mods.add(Modification(lines[1].index, true, null))
+            mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, false, "  tya"))
+        } else if(first=="phy" && second=="plx") {
+            mods.add(Modification(lines[1].index, true, null))
+            mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, false, "  tyx"))
+        }
+    }
+    return mods
+}
+
+private val identifierRegex = Regex("""^([a-zA-Z_$][a-zA-Z\d_\.$]*)""")
+
+private fun getAddressArg(line: String, program: Program): UInt? {
+    val loadArg = line.trimStart().substring(3).trim()
+    return when {
+        loadArg.startsWith('$') -> loadArg.substring(1).toUIntOrNull(16)
+        loadArg.startsWith('%') -> loadArg.substring(1).toUIntOrNull(2)
+        loadArg.startsWith('#') -> null
+        loadArg.startsWith('(') -> null
+        loadArg[0].isLetter() -> {
+            val identMatch = identifierRegex.find(loadArg)
+            if(identMatch!=null) {
+                val identifier = identMatch.value
+                val decl = program.toplevelModule.lookup(identifier.split(".")) as? VarDecl
+                if(decl!=null) {
+                    when(decl.type){
+                        VarDeclType.VAR -> null
+                        VarDeclType.CONST,
+                        VarDeclType.MEMORY -> (decl.value as NumericLiteralValue).number.toUInt()
+                    }
+                }
+                else null
+            } else null
+        }
+        else -> loadArg.substring(1).toUIntOrNull()
+    }
+}
+
+private fun optimizeIncDec(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<Modification> {
+    // sometimes, iny+dey / inx+dex / dey+iny / dex+inx sequences are generated, these can be eliminated.
+    val mods = mutableListOf<Modification>()
+    for (lines in linesByFour) {
+        val first = lines[0].value
+        val second = lines[1].value
+        if ((" iny" in first || "\tiny" in first) && (" dey" in second || "\tdey" in second)
+                || (" inx" in first || "\tinx" in first) && (" dex" in second || "\tdex" in second)
+                || (" ina" in first || "\tina" in first) && (" dea" in second || "\tdea" in second)
+                || (" inc  a" in first || "\tinc  a" in first) && (" dec  a" in second || "\tdec  a" in second)
+                || (" dey" in first || "\tdey" in first) && (" iny" in second || "\tiny" in second)
+                || (" dex" in first || "\tdex" in first) && (" inx" in second || "\tinx" in second)
+                || (" dea" in first || "\tdea" in first) && (" ina" in second || "\tina" in second)
+                || (" dec  a" in first || "\tdec  a" in first) && (" inc  a" in second || "\tinc  a" in second)) {
+            mods.add(Modification(lines[0].index, true, null))
+            mods.add(Modification(lines[1].index, true, null))
+        }
+    }
+    return mods
+}
+
+private fun optimizeJsrRts(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<Modification> {
+    // jsr Sub + rts -> jmp Sub
+    val mods = mutableListOf<Modification>()
+    for (lines in linesByFour) {
+        val first = lines[0].value
+        val second = lines[1].value
+        if ((" jsr" in first || "\tjsr" in first ) && (" rts" in second || "\trts" in second)) {
+            mods += Modification(lines[0].index, false, lines[0].value.replace("jsr", "jmp"))
+            mods += Modification(lines[1].index, true, null)
+        }
+    }
+    return mods
+}

codeGeneration/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/AsmsubHelpers.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen
+
+import prog8.ast.base.Cx16VirtualRegisters
+import prog8.ast.base.RegisterOrPair
+import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.ast.statements.RegisterOrStatusflag
+import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
+
+
+internal fun asmsub6502ArgsEvalOrder(sub: Subroutine): List<Int> {
+    val order = mutableListOf<Int>()
+    // order is:
+    //  1) cx16 virtual word registers,
+    //  2) paired CPU registers,
+    //  3) single CPU registers (X last), except A,
+    //  4) CPU Carry status flag
+    //  5) the A register itself last   (so everything before it can use the accumulator without having to save its value)
+    val args = sub.parameters.zip(sub.asmParameterRegisters).withIndex()
+    val (cx16regs, args2) = args.partition { it.value.second.registerOrPair in Cx16VirtualRegisters }
+    val pairedRegisters = arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY, RegisterOrPair.XY)
+    val (pairedRegs , args3) = args2.partition { it.value.second.registerOrPair in pairedRegisters }
+    val (regsWithoutA, args4) = args3.partition { it.value.second.registerOrPair != RegisterOrPair.A }
+    val (regA, rest) = args4.partition { it.value.second.registerOrPair != null }
+
+    cx16regs.forEach { order += it.index }
+    pairedRegs.forEach { order += it.index }
+    regsWithoutA.forEach {
+        if(it.value.second.registerOrPair != RegisterOrPair.X)
+            order += it.index
+    }
+    regsWithoutA.firstOrNull { it.value.second.registerOrPair==RegisterOrPair.X } ?.let { order += it.index}
+    rest.forEach { order += it.index }
+    regA.forEach { order += it.index }
+    require(order.size==sub.parameters.size)
+    return order
+}
+
+internal fun asmsub6502ArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk(args: List<Expression>,
+                                                   paramRegisters: List<RegisterOrStatusflag>): Boolean {
+    fun isClobberRisk(expr: Expression): Boolean {
+        when (expr) {
+            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> {
+                return paramRegisters.any {
+                    it.registerOrPair in listOf(RegisterOrPair.Y, RegisterOrPair.AY, RegisterOrPair.XY)
+                }
+            }
+            is FunctionCall -> {
+                if (expr.target.nameInSource == listOf("lsb") || expr.target.nameInSource == listOf("msb"))
+                    return isClobberRisk(expr.args[0])
+                if (expr.target.nameInSource == listOf("mkword"))
+                    return isClobberRisk(expr.args[0]) && isClobberRisk(expr.args[1])
+                return !expr.isSimple
+            }
+            else -> return !expr.isSimple
+        }
+    }
+
+    return args.size>1 && args.any { isClobberRisk(it) }
+}

codeGeneration/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen.kt

@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ import prog8.ast.statements.DirectMemoryWrite
 import prog8.ast.statements.FunctionCallStatement
 import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
 import prog8.ast.toHex
-import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
-import prog8.compiler.functions.FSignature
-import prog8.compiler.target.CpuType
+import prog8.compiler.target.AssemblyError
 import prog8.compiler.target.Cx16Target
 import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment.*
-import prog8.compiler.target.subroutineFloatEvalResultVar2
+import prog8.compilerinterface.CpuType
+import prog8.compilerinterface.FSignature
+import prog8.compilerinterface.subroutineFloatEvalResultVar2
 
 internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen, private val assignAsmGen: AssignmentAsmGen) {
 
@@ -46,7 +46,9 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
             "sum" -> funcSum(fcall, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
             "any", "all" -> funcAnyAll(fcall, func, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
             "sin8", "sin8u", "sin16", "sin16u",
-            "cos8", "cos8u", "cos16", "cos16u" -> funcSinCosInt(fcall, func, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
+            "sinr8", "sinr8u", "sinr16", "sinr16u",
+            "cos8", "cos8u", "cos16", "cos16u",
+            "cosr8", "cosr8u", "cosr16", "cosr16u" -> funcSinCosInt(fcall, func, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
             "sgn" -> funcSgn(fcall, func, resultToStack, resultRegister, sscope)
             "sin", "cos", "tan", "atan",
             "ln", "log2", "sqrt", "rad",
@@ -65,6 +67,12 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
             "peek" -> throw AssemblyError("peek() should have been replaced by @()")
             "pokew" -> funcPokeW(fcall)
             "poke" -> throw AssemblyError("poke() should have been replaced by @()")
+            "push", "pushw" -> funcPush(fcall, func)
+            "pop", "popw" -> funcPop(fcall, func)
+            "rsave" -> funcRsave()
+            "rsavex" -> funcRsaveX()
+            "rrestore" -> funcRrestore()
+            "rrestorex" -> funcRrestoreX()
             "cmp" -> funcCmp(fcall)
             "callfar" -> funcCallFar(fcall)
             "callrom" -> funcCallRom(fcall)
@@ -72,6 +80,168 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
         }
     }
 
+    private fun funcRsave() {
+        if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+            asmgen.out("""
+                php
+                pha
+                phy
+                phx""")
+        else
+            // see http://6502.org/tutorials/register_preservation.html
+            asmgen.out("""
+                php
+                sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+                pha
+                txa
+                pha
+                tya
+                pha
+                lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG""")
+    }
+
+    private fun funcRsaveX() {
+        if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+            asmgen.out("  phx")
+        else
+            asmgen.out("  txa |  pha")
+    }
+
+    private fun funcRrestore() {
+        if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+            asmgen.out("""
+                plx
+                ply
+                pla
+                plp""")
+        else
+            asmgen.out("""
+                pla
+                tay
+                pla
+                tax
+                pla
+                plp""")
+    }
+
+    private fun funcRrestoreX() {
+        if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+            asmgen.out("  plx")
+        else
+            asmgen.out("  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1 |  pla |  tax |  lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
+    }
+
+    private fun funcPop(fcall: IFunctionCall, func: FSignature) {
+        // note: because A is pushed first so popped last, saving A is often not required here.
+        require(fcall.args[0] is IdentifierReference) {
+            "attempt to pop a value into a differently typed variable, or in something else that isn't supported ${(fcall as Node).position}"
+        }
+        val target = (fcall.args[0] as IdentifierReference).targetVarDecl(program)!!
+        val parameter = target.subroutineParameter
+        if(parameter!=null) {
+            val sub = parameter.definingSubroutine!!
+            require(sub.isAsmSubroutine) {
+                "push/pop arg passing only supported on asmsubs ${(fcall as Node).position}"
+            }
+            val shouldKeepA = sub.asmParameterRegisters.any { it.registerOrPair==RegisterOrPair.AX || it.registerOrPair==RegisterOrPair.AY }
+            val reg = sub.asmParameterRegisters[sub.parameters.indexOf(parameter)]
+            if(reg.statusflag!=null) {
+                if(shouldKeepA)
+                    asmgen.out("  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG")
+                asmgen.out("""
+                    clc
+                    pla
+                    beq  +
+                    sec
++""")
+                if(shouldKeepA)
+                    asmgen.out("  lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG")
+            }
+            else {
+                if (func.name == "pop") {
+                    if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) {
+                        when (reg.registerOrPair) {
+                            RegisterOrPair.A -> asmgen.out("  pla")
+                            RegisterOrPair.X -> asmgen.out("  plx")
+                            RegisterOrPair.Y -> asmgen.out("  ply")
+                            in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> asmgen.out("  pla |  sta  cx16.${reg.registerOrPair!!.name.lowercase()}")
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid target register ${reg.registerOrPair}")
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        when (reg.registerOrPair) {
+                            RegisterOrPair.A -> asmgen.out("  pla")
+                            RegisterOrPair.X -> {
+                                if(shouldKeepA)
+                                    asmgen.out("  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG |  pla |  tax |  lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG")
+                                else
+                                    asmgen.out("  pla |  tax")
+                            }
+                            RegisterOrPair.Y -> {
+                                if(shouldKeepA)
+                                    asmgen.out("  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG |  pla |  tay |  lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG")
+                                else
+                                    asmgen.out("  pla |  tay")
+                            }
+                            in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> asmgen.out("  pla |  sta  cx16.${reg.registerOrPair!!.name.lowercase()}")
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid target register ${reg.registerOrPair}")
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // word pop
+                    if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+                        when (reg.registerOrPair) {
+                            RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out("  plx |  pla")
+                            RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  ply |  pla")
+                            RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  ply |  plx")
+                            in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
+                                val regname = reg.registerOrPair!!.name.lowercase()
+                                asmgen.out("  pla |  sta  cx16.$regname+1 |  pla |  sta  cx16.$regname")
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid target register ${reg.registerOrPair}")
+                        }
+                    else {
+                        when (reg.registerOrPair) {
+                            RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out("  pla |  tax |  pla")
+                            RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  pla |  tay |  pla")
+                            RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  pla |  tay |  pla |  tax")
+                            in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
+                                val regname = reg.registerOrPair!!.name.lowercase()
+                                asmgen.out("  pla |  sta  cx16.$regname+1 |  pla |  sta  cx16.$regname")
+                            }
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid target register ${reg.registerOrPair}")
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            val tgt = AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, target.datatype, (fcall as Node).definingSubroutine, variableAsmName = asmgen.asmVariableName(target.name))
+            if (func.name == "pop") {
+                asmgen.out("  pla")
+                asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.A, tgt)
+            } else {
+                if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+                    asmgen.out("  ply |  pla")
+                else
+                    asmgen.out("  pla |  tay |  pla")
+                asmgen.assignRegister(RegisterOrPair.AY, tgt)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun funcPush(fcall: IFunctionCall, func: FSignature) {
+        val signed = fcall.args[0].inferType(program).oneOf(DataType.BYTE, DataType.WORD)
+        if(func.name=="push") {
+            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.A, signed)
+            asmgen.out("  pha")
+        } else {
+            asmgen.assignExpressionToRegister(fcall.args[0], RegisterOrPair.AY, signed)
+            if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+                asmgen.out("  pha |  phy")
+            else
+                asmgen.out("  pha |  tya |  pha")
+        }
+    }
+
     private fun funcCallFar(fcall: IFunctionCall) {
         if(asmgen.options.compTarget !is Cx16Target)
             throw AssemblyError("callfar only works on cx16 target at this time")
@@ -87,7 +257,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
             throw AssemblyError("callfar done on bank 0 which is reserved for the kernal")
 
         val argAddrArg = fcall.args[2]
-        if(argAddrArg.constValue(program)?.number == 0) {
+        if(argAddrArg.constValue(program)?.number == 0.0) {
             asmgen.out("""
                 jsr  cx16.jsrfar
                 .word  ${address.toHex()}
@@ -132,7 +302,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
             throw AssemblyError("callrom bank must be <32")
 
         val argAddrArg = fcall.args[2]
-        if(argAddrArg.constValue(program)?.number == 0) {
+        if(argAddrArg.constValue(program)?.number == 0.0) {
             asmgen.out("""
                 lda  $01
                 pha
@@ -248,7 +418,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
             throw AssemblyError("should not discard result of memory allocation at $fcall")
         val nameRef = fcall.args[0] as IdentifierReference
         val name = (nameRef.targetVarDecl(program)!!.value as StringLiteralValue).value
-        val size = (fcall.args[1] as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt()
+        val size = (fcall.args[1] as NumericLiteralValue).number.toUInt()
 
         val existingSize = asmgen.slabs[name]
         if(existingSize!=null && existingSize!=size)
@@ -261,7 +431,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
             if(resultToStack)
                 AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.STACK, program, asmgen, DataType.UWORD, null)
             else
-                AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, null, program, asmgen)
+                AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, false, null, program, asmgen)
         val assign = AsmAssignment(src, target, false, program.memsizer, fcall.position)
         asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
         asmgen.slabs[name] = size
@@ -273,7 +443,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
             asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sqrt16_stack")
         else {
             asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sqrt16_into_A")
-            assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
+            assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, false, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
         }
     }
 
@@ -283,13 +453,13 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
             asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${func.name}_stack")
         else
             when(func.name) {
-                "sin8", "sin8u", "cos8", "cos8u" -> {
+                "sin8", "sin8u", "sinr8", "sinr8u", "cos8", "cos8u", "cosr8", "cosr8u" -> {
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${func.name}_into_A")
-                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, false, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
                 }
-                "sin16", "sin16u", "cos16", "cos16u" -> {
+                "sin16", "sin16u", "sinr16", "sinr16u", "cos16", "cos16u", "cosr16", "cosr16u" -> {
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${func.name}_into_AY")
-                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, false, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
                 }
             }
     }
@@ -578,7 +748,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
             asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_${func.name}_stack")
         else {
             asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_${func.name}_fac1")
-            assignAsmGen.assignFAC1float(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.FAC1, scope, program, asmgen))
+            assignAsmGen.assignFAC1float(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.FAC1, true, scope, program, asmgen))
         }
     }
 
@@ -603,7 +773,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
                 DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_sign_f_into_A")
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type $dt")
             }
-            assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
+            assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, false, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
         }
     }
 
@@ -624,7 +794,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
                 DataType.ARRAY_F -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_${function.name}_f_into_A")
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type $dt")
             }
-            assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
+            assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, false, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
         }
     }
 
@@ -644,23 +814,23 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
             when (dt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
                 DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.STR -> {
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${function.name}_ub_into_A")
-                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, false, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
                 }
                 DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${function.name}_b_into_A")
-                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, false, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
                 }
                 DataType.ARRAY_UW -> {
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${function.name}_uw_into_AY")
-                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, false, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
                 }
                 DataType.ARRAY_W -> {
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_${function.name}_w_into_AY")
-                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, false, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
                 }
                 DataType.ARRAY_F -> {
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_${function.name}_f_fac1")
-                    assignAsmGen.assignFAC1float(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.FAC1, scope, program, asmgen))
+                    assignAsmGen.assignFAC1float(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.FAC1, true, scope, program, asmgen))
                 }
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type $dt")
             }
@@ -683,23 +853,23 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
             when (dt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
                 DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.STR -> {
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sum_ub_into_AY")
-                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, false, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
                 }
                 DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sum_b_into_AY")
-                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, false, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
                 }
                 DataType.ARRAY_UW -> {
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sum_uw_into_AY")
-                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, false, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
                 }
                 DataType.ARRAY_W -> {
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_sum_w_into_AY")
-                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, false, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
                 }
                 DataType.ARRAY_F -> {
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.func_sum_f_fac1")
-                    assignAsmGen.assignFAC1float(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.FAC1, scope, program, asmgen))
+                    assignAsmGen.assignFAC1float(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.FAC1, true, scope, program, asmgen))
                 }
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type $dt")
             }
@@ -785,7 +955,6 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
                             && (firstOffset is NumericLiteralValue || firstOffset is IdentifierReference || firstOffset is TypecastExpression)
                             && (secondOffset is NumericLiteralValue || secondOffset is IdentifierReference || secondOffset is TypecastExpression)
                         ) {
-                            val pointerVar = firstExpr.left as IdentifierReference
                             if(firstOffset is NumericLiteralValue && secondOffset is NumericLiteralValue) {
                                 if(firstOffset!=secondOffset) {
                                     swapArrayValues(
@@ -876,21 +1045,23 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
                 asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(assignSecond)
             }
             DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                // via evaluation stack
-                asmgen.translateExpression(first)
-                asmgen.translateExpression(second)
-                val assignFirst = AsmAssignment(
-                        AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.STACK, program, asmgen, DataType.FLOAT),
+                // via temp variable and FAC1
+                asmgen.assignExpressionTo(first, AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, DataType.FLOAT, first.definingSubroutine, "floats.tempvar_swap_float"))
+                asmgen.assignExpressionTo(second, AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, DataType.FLOAT, null, register=RegisterOrPair.FAC1))
+                asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(
+                    AsmAssignment(
+                        AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, datatype, register = RegisterOrPair.FAC1),
                         targetFromExpr(first, datatype),
                         false, program.memsizer, first.position
+                    )
                 )
-                val assignSecond = AsmAssignment(
-                        AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.STACK, program, asmgen, DataType.FLOAT),
+                asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(
+                    AsmAssignment(
+                        AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, datatype, "floats.tempvar_swap_float"),
                         targetFromExpr(second, datatype),
                         false, program.memsizer, second.position
+                    )
                 )
-                asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(assignFirst)
-                asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(assignSecond)
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("weird swap dt")
         }
@@ -1140,15 +1311,15 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
             when (dt) {
                 in ByteDatatypes -> {
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.abs_b_into_A")
-                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, false, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
                 }
                 in WordDatatypes -> {
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.abs_w_into_AY")
-                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, false, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
                 }
                 DataType.FLOAT -> {
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.abs_f_fac1")
-                    assignAsmGen.assignFAC1float(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.FAC1, scope, program, asmgen))
+                    assignAsmGen.assignFAC1float(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.FAC1, true, scope, program, asmgen))
                 }
                 else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
             }
@@ -1162,7 +1333,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_rnd_stack")
                 else {
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  math.randbyte")
-                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.A, false, scope, program, asmgen), CpuRegister.A)
                 }
             }
             "rndw" -> {
@@ -1170,7 +1341,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.func_rndw_stack")
                 else {
                     asmgen.out("  jsr  math.randword")
-                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                    assignAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(resultRegister ?: RegisterOrPair.AY, false, scope, program, asmgen), RegisterOrPair.AY)
                 }
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("wrong func")
@@ -1228,6 +1399,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
                     }
                 }
             }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("wrong pokew arg type")
         }
 
         asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(fcall.args[0], "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1", DataType.UWORD, null)
@@ -1533,7 +1705,7 @@ internal class BuiltinFunctionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val
                             AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(value, program, asmgen)
                         }
                     }
-                    val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(conv.reg, null, program, asmgen)
+                    val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(conv.reg!!, false, null, program, asmgen)
                     val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, program.memsizer, value.position)
                     asmgen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
                 }

codeGeneration/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/ExpressionsAsmGen.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,792 @@
+package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen
+
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.*
+import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.ast.statements.BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder
+import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
+import prog8.ast.toHex
+import prog8.compiler.target.AssemblyError
+import prog8.compilerinterface.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.compilerinterface.CpuType
+import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
+
+internal class ExpressionsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
+
+    @Deprecated("avoid calling this as it generates slow evalstack based code")
+    internal fun translateExpression(expression:Expression) {
+        if (this.asmgen.options.slowCodegenWarnings) {
+            asmgen.errors.warn("slow stack evaluation used for expression $expression", expression.position)
+        }
+        translateExpressionInternal(expression)
+    }
+
+
+    // the rest of the methods are all PRIVATE
+
+
+    private fun translateExpressionInternal(expression: Expression) {
+
+        when(expression) {
+            is PrefixExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is BinaryExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is ArrayIndexedExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is TypecastExpression -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is AddressOf -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is DirectMemoryRead -> asmgen.translateDirectMemReadExpressionToRegAorStack(expression, true)
+            is NumericLiteralValue -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is IdentifierReference -> translateExpression(expression)
+            is FunctionCall -> translateFunctionCallResultOntoStack(expression)
+            is ArrayLiteralValue, is StringLiteralValue -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for string/array literal value assignment - should have been replaced by a variable")
+            is RangeExpr -> throw AssemblyError("range expression should have been changed into array values")
+            is CharLiteral -> throw AssemblyError("charliteral should have been replaced by ubyte using certain encoding")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateFunctionCallResultOntoStack(call: FunctionCall) {
+        // only for use in nested expression evaluation
+
+        val sub = call.target.targetStatement(program)
+        if(sub is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder) {
+            val builtinFunc = BuiltinFunctions.getValue(sub.name)
+            asmgen.translateBuiltinFunctionCallExpression(call, builtinFunc, true, null)
+        } else {
+            sub as Subroutine
+            asmgen.saveXbeforeCall(call)
+            asmgen.translateFunctionCall(call, true)
+            if(sub.regXasResult()) {
+                // store the return value in X somewhere that we can acces again below
+                asmgen.out("  stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG")
+            }
+            asmgen.restoreXafterCall(call)
+
+            val returns = sub.returntypes.zip(sub.asmReturnvaluesRegisters)
+            for ((_, reg) in returns) {
+                // result value is in cpu or status registers, put it on the stack instead (as we're evaluating an expression tree)
+                if (reg.registerOrPair != null) {
+                    when (reg.registerOrPair!!) {
+                        RegisterOrPair.A -> asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  dex")
+                        RegisterOrPair.Y -> asmgen.out("  tya |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  dex")
+                        RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  tya |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
+                        RegisterOrPair.X -> asmgen.out("  lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  dex")
+                        RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
+                        RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  tya |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  dex")
+                        RegisterOrPair.FAC1 -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.push_fac1")
+                        RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.push_fac2")
+                        RegisterOrPair.R0,
+                        RegisterOrPair.R1,
+                        RegisterOrPair.R2,
+                        RegisterOrPair.R3,
+                        RegisterOrPair.R4,
+                        RegisterOrPair.R5,
+                        RegisterOrPair.R6,
+                        RegisterOrPair.R7,
+                        RegisterOrPair.R8,
+                        RegisterOrPair.R9,
+                        RegisterOrPair.R10,
+                        RegisterOrPair.R11,
+                        RegisterOrPair.R12,
+                        RegisterOrPair.R13,
+                        RegisterOrPair.R14,
+                        RegisterOrPair.R15 -> {
+                            asmgen.out(
+                                """
+                                lda  cx16.${reg.registerOrPair.toString().lowercase()}
+                                sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
+                                lda  cx16.${reg.registerOrPair.toString().lowercase()}+1
+                                sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x
+                                dex
+                            """)
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else when(reg.statusflag) {
+                    Statusflag.Pc -> {
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            lda  #0
+                            rol  a
+                            sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
+                            dex""")
+                    }
+                    Statusflag.Pz -> {
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            beq  +
+                            lda  #0
+                            beq  ++
++                           lda  #1
++                           sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
+                            dex""")
+                    }
+                    Statusflag.Pv -> {
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            bvs  +
+                            lda  #0
+                            beq  ++
++                           lda  #1
++                           sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
+                            dex""")
+                    }
+                    Statusflag.Pn -> {
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            bmi  +
+                            lda  #0
+                            beq  ++
++                           lda  #1
++                           sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
+                            dex""")
+                    }
+                    null -> {}
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateExpression(typecast: TypecastExpression) {
+        translateExpressionInternal(typecast.expression)
+        when(typecast.expression.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
+            DataType.UBYTE -> {
+                when(typecast.type) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {}
+                    DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> {
+                        if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+                            asmgen.out("  stz  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x")
+                        else
+                            asmgen.out("  lda  #0  |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x")
+                    }
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out(" jsr  floats.stack_ub2float")
+                    in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> throw AssemblyError("cannot cast to a pass-by-reference datatype")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            DataType.BYTE -> {
+                when(typecast.type) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {}
+                    DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> asmgen.signExtendStackLsb(DataType.BYTE)
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out(" jsr  floats.stack_b2float")
+                    in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> throw AssemblyError("cannot cast to a pass-by-reference datatype")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            DataType.UWORD -> {
+                when(typecast.type) {
+                    DataType.BYTE, DataType.UBYTE -> {}
+                    DataType.WORD, DataType.UWORD -> {}
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out(" jsr  floats.stack_uw2float")
+                    in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> throw AssemblyError("cannot cast to a pass-by-reference datatype")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            DataType.WORD -> {
+                when(typecast.type) {
+                    DataType.BYTE, DataType.UBYTE -> {}
+                    DataType.WORD, DataType.UWORD -> {}
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out(" jsr  floats.stack_w2float")
+                    in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> throw AssemblyError("cannot cast to a pass-by-reference datatype")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                when(typecast.type) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out(" jsr  floats.stack_float2uw")
+                    DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out(" jsr  floats.stack_float2w")
+                    DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out(" jsr  floats.stack_float2uw")
+                    DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out(" jsr  floats.stack_float2w")
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> {}
+                    in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> throw AssemblyError("cannot cast to a pass-by-reference datatype")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            DataType.STR -> {
+                if (typecast.type != DataType.UWORD && typecast.type == DataType.STR)
+                    throw AssemblyError("cannot typecast a string into another incompatitble type")
+            }
+            in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> throw AssemblyError("cannot cast pass-by-reference value into another type")
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: AddressOf) {
+        val name = asmgen.asmVariableName(expr.identifier)
+        asmgen.out("  lda  #<$name |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  lda  #>$name  |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x  | dex")
+    }
+
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: NumericLiteralValue) {
+        when(expr.type) {
+            DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out(" lda  #${expr.number.toHex()}  | sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x  | dex")
+            DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("""
+                lda  #<${expr.number.toHex()}
+                sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
+                lda  #>${expr.number.toHex()}
+                sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x
+                dex
+            """)
+            DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                val floatConst = asmgen.getFloatAsmConst(expr.number)
+                asmgen.out(" lda  #<$floatConst |  ldy  #>$floatConst |  jsr  floats.push_float")
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: IdentifierReference) {
+        val varname = asmgen.asmVariableName(expr)
+        when(expr.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
+            DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
+                asmgen.out("  lda  $varname  |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x  |  dex")
+            }
+            DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> {
+                asmgen.out("  lda  $varname  |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x  |  lda  $varname+1 |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
+            }
+            DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                asmgen.out(" lda  #<$varname |  ldy  #>$varname|  jsr  floats.push_float")
+            }
+            in IterableDatatypes -> {
+                asmgen.out("  lda  #<$varname  |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x  |  lda  #>$varname |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("stack push weird variable type $expr")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: BinaryExpression) {
+        // Uses evalstack to evaluate the given expression.
+        // TODO we're slowly reducing the number of places where this is called and instead replace that by more efficient assignment-form code (using temp var or register for instance).
+        val leftIDt = expr.left.inferType(program)
+        val rightIDt = expr.right.inferType(program)
+        if(!leftIDt.isKnown || !rightIDt.isKnown)
+            throw AssemblyError("can't infer type of both expression operands")
+
+        val leftDt = leftIDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
+        val rightDt = rightIDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
+        // see if we can apply some optimized routines
+        when(expr.operator) {
+            "+" -> {
+                if(leftDt in IntegerDatatypes && rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
+                    val leftVal = expr.left.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                    val rightVal = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                    if (leftVal!=null && leftVal in -4..4) {
+                        translateExpressionInternal(expr.right)
+                        if(rightDt in ByteDatatypes) {
+                            val incdec = if(leftVal<0) "dec" else "inc"
+                            repeat(leftVal.absoluteValue) {
+                                asmgen.out("  $incdec  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            // word
+                            if(leftVal<0) {
+                                repeat(leftVal.absoluteValue) {
+                                    asmgen.out("""
+                                        lda  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
+                                        bne  +
+                                        dec  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x
++                                       dec  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x""")
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                repeat(leftVal) {
+                                    asmgen.out("""
+                                        inc  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
+                                        bne  +
+                                        inc  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x
++""")
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        return
+                    }
+                    else if (rightVal!=null && rightVal in -4..4)
+                    {
+                        translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                        if(leftDt in ByteDatatypes) {
+                            val incdec = if(rightVal<0) "dec" else "inc"
+                            repeat(rightVal.absoluteValue) {
+                                asmgen.out("  $incdec  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            // word
+                            if(rightVal<0) {
+                                repeat(rightVal.absoluteValue) {
+                                    asmgen.out("""
+                                        lda  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
+                                        bne  +
+                                        dec  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x
++                                       dec  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x""")
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                repeat(rightVal) {
+                                    asmgen.out("""
+                                        inc  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
+                                        bne  +
+                                        inc  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x
++""")
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        return
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            "-" -> {
+                if(leftDt in IntegerDatatypes && rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
+                    val rightVal = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                    if (rightVal!=null && rightVal in -4..4)
+                    {
+                        translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                        if(leftDt in ByteDatatypes) {
+                            val incdec = if(rightVal<0) "inc" else "dec"
+                            repeat(rightVal.absoluteValue) {
+                                asmgen.out("  $incdec  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            // word
+                            if(rightVal>0) {
+                                repeat(rightVal.absoluteValue) {
+                                    asmgen.out("""
+                                        lda  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
+                                        bne  +
+                                        dec  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x
++                                       dec  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x""")
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                repeat(rightVal) {
+                                    asmgen.out("""
+                                        inc  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
+                                        bne  +
+                                        inc  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x
++""")
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        return
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            ">>" -> {
+                val amount = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                if(amount!=null) {
+                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                    when (leftDt) {
+                        DataType.UBYTE -> {
+                            if (amount <= 2)
+                                repeat(amount) { asmgen.out(" lsr  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x") }
+                            else {
+                                asmgen.out(" lda  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
+                                repeat(amount) { asmgen.out(" lsr  a") }
+                                asmgen.out(" sta  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
+                            }
+                        }
+                        DataType.BYTE -> {
+                            if (amount <= 2)
+                                repeat(amount) { asmgen.out(" lda  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x |  asl  a |  ror  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x") }
+                            else {
+                                asmgen.out(" lda  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x |  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
+                                repeat(amount) { asmgen.out(" asl  a |  ror  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1 |  lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1") }
+                                asmgen.out(" sta  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
+                            }
+                        }
+                        DataType.UWORD -> {
+                            if(amount>=16) {
+                                if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+                                    asmgen.out("  stz  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x |  stz  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x")
+                                else
+                                    asmgen.out("  lda  #0 |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x")
+                                return
+                            }
+                            var left = amount
+                            while (left >= 7) {
+                                asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_right_uw_7")
+                                left -= 7
+                            }
+                            if (left in 0..2)
+                                repeat(left) { asmgen.out(" lsr  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  ror  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x") }
+                            else
+                                asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_right_uw_$left")
+                        }
+                        DataType.WORD -> {
+                            if(amount>=16) {
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                                    lda  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x
+                                    bmi  +
+                                    lda  #0
+                                    sta  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
+                                    sta  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x
+                                    beq  ++
++                                   lda  #255
+                                    sta  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
+                                    sta  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x
++""")
+                                return
+                            }
+                            var left = amount
+                            while (left >= 7) {
+                                asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_right_w_7")
+                                left -= 7
+                            }
+                            if (left in 0..2)
+                                repeat(left) { asmgen.out(" lda  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  asl a  |  ror  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  ror  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x") }
+                            else
+                                asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_right_w_$left")
+                        }
+                        else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                    }
+                    return
+                }
+            }
+            "<<" -> {
+                val amount = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                if(amount!=null) {
+                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                    if (leftDt in ByteDatatypes) {
+                        if (amount <= 2)
+                            repeat(amount) { asmgen.out("  asl  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x") }
+                        else {
+                            asmgen.out("  lda  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
+                            repeat(amount) { asmgen.out("  asl  a") }
+                            asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        var left = amount
+                        while (left >= 7) {
+                            asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_left_w_7")
+                            left -= 7
+                        }
+                        if (left in 0..2)
+                            repeat(left) { asmgen.out("  asl  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x |  rol  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x") }
+                        else
+                            asmgen.out(" jsr  math.shift_left_w_$left")
+                    }
+                    return
+                }
+            }
+            "*" -> {
+                if(leftDt in IntegerDatatypes && rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
+                    val leftVar = expr.left as? IdentifierReference
+                    val rightVar = expr.right as? IdentifierReference
+                    if(leftVar!=null && rightVar!=null && leftVar==rightVar)
+                        return translateSquared(leftVar, leftDt)
+                }
+
+                val value = expr.right.constValue(program)
+                if(value!=null) {
+                    if(rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
+                        val amount = value.number.toInt()
+                        if(amount==2) {
+                            // optimize x*2 common case
+                            translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                            if(leftDt in ByteDatatypes) {
+                                asmgen.out("  asl  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
+                            } else {
+                                asmgen.out("  asl  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x |  rol  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x")
+                            }
+                            return
+                        }
+                        when(rightDt) {
+                            DataType.UBYTE -> {
+                                if(amount in asmgen.optimizedByteMultiplications) {
+                                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                                    asmgen.out(" jsr  math.stack_mul_byte_$amount")
+                                    return
+                                }
+                            }
+                            DataType.BYTE -> {
+                                if(amount in asmgen.optimizedByteMultiplications) {
+                                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                                    asmgen.out(" jsr  math.stack_mul_byte_$amount")
+                                    return
+                                }
+                                if(amount.absoluteValue in asmgen.optimizedByteMultiplications) {
+                                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                                    asmgen.out(" jsr  prog8_lib.neg_b |  jsr  math.stack_mul_byte_${amount.absoluteValue}")
+                                    return
+                                }
+                            }
+                            DataType.UWORD -> {
+                                if(amount in asmgen.optimizedWordMultiplications) {
+                                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                                    asmgen.out(" jsr  math.stack_mul_word_$amount")
+                                    return
+                                }
+                            }
+                            DataType.WORD -> {
+                                if(amount in asmgen.optimizedWordMultiplications) {
+                                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                                    asmgen.out(" jsr  math.stack_mul_word_$amount")
+                                    return
+                                }
+                                if(amount.absoluteValue in asmgen.optimizedWordMultiplications) {
+                                    translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                                    asmgen.out(" jsr  prog8_lib.neg_w |  jsr  math.stack_mul_word_${amount.absoluteValue}")
+                                    return
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else -> {}
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            "/" -> {
+                if(leftDt in IntegerDatatypes && rightDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
+                    val rightVal = expr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
+                    if(rightVal!=null && rightVal==2) {
+                        translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+                        when(leftDt) {
+                            DataType.UBYTE -> asmgen.out("  lsr  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
+                            DataType.BYTE -> asmgen.out("  lda  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x |  asl  a |  ror  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
+                            DataType.UWORD -> asmgen.out("  lsr  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  ror  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
+                            DataType.WORD -> asmgen.out("  lda  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  asl  a |  ror  P8ESTACK_HI+1,x |  ror  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x")
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("wrong dt")
+                        }
+                        return
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if((leftDt in ByteDatatypes && rightDt !in ByteDatatypes)
+                || (leftDt in WordDatatypes && rightDt !in WordDatatypes))
+            throw AssemblyError("binary operator ${expr.operator} left/right dt not identical")
+
+        if(leftDt==DataType.STR && rightDt==DataType.STR && expr.operator in comparisonOperators) {
+            translateCompareStrings(expr.left, expr.operator, expr.right)
+        }
+        else {
+            // the general, non-optimized cases  TODO optimize more cases.... (or one day just don't use the evalstack at all anymore)
+            translateExpressionInternal(expr.left)
+            translateExpressionInternal(expr.right)
+            when (leftDt) {
+                in ByteDatatypes -> translateBinaryOperatorBytes(expr.operator, leftDt)
+                in WordDatatypes -> translateBinaryOperatorWords(expr.operator, leftDt)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> translateBinaryOperatorFloats(expr.operator)
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("non-numerical datatype")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateSquared(variable: IdentifierReference, dt: DataType) {
+        val asmVar = asmgen.asmVariableName(variable)
+        when(dt) {
+            DataType.BYTE, DataType.UBYTE -> {
+                asmgen.out("  lda  $asmVar")
+                asmgen.signExtendAYlsb(dt)
+                asmgen.out("  jsr  math.square")
+            }
+            DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> {
+                asmgen.out("  lda  $asmVar |  ldy  $asmVar+1 |  jsr  math.square")
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("require integer dt for square")
+        }
+        asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  tya |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
+    }
+
+    private fun translateExpression(expr: PrefixExpression) {
+        translateExpressionInternal(expr.expression)
+        val itype = expr.inferType(program)
+        if(!itype.isKnown)
+            throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
+        val type = itype.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
+        when(expr.operator) {
+            "+" -> {}
+            "-" -> {
+                when(type) {
+                    in ByteDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.neg_b")
+                    in WordDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.neg_w")
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.neg_f")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            "~" -> {
+                when(type) {
+                    in ByteDatatypes ->
+                        asmgen.out("""
+                            lda  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
+                            eor  #255
+                            sta  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
+                            """)
+                    in WordDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.inv_word")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            "not" -> {
+                when(type) {
+                    in ByteDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.not_byte")
+                    in WordDatatypes -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.not_word")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird type")
+                }
+            }
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid prefix operator ${expr.operator}")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateExpression(arrayExpr: ArrayIndexedExpression) {
+        val elementIDt = arrayExpr.inferType(program)
+        if(!elementIDt.isKnown)
+            throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
+        val elementDt = elementIDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
+        val arrayVarName = asmgen.asmVariableName(arrayExpr.arrayvar)
+        val constIndexNum = arrayExpr.indexer.constIndex()
+        if(constIndexNum!=null) {
+            val indexValue = constIndexNum * program.memsizer.memorySize(elementDt)
+            when(elementDt) {
+                in ByteDatatypes -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  lda  $arrayVarName+$indexValue |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  dex")
+                }
+                in WordDatatypes -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  lda  $arrayVarName+$indexValue |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  lda  $arrayVarName+$indexValue+1 |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
+                }
+                DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                    asmgen.out("  lda  #<$arrayVarName+$indexValue |  ldy  #>$arrayVarName+$indexValue |  jsr  floats.push_float")
+                }
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("weird element type")
+            }
+        } else {
+            when(elementDt) {
+                in ByteDatatypes -> {
+                    asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(arrayExpr, elementDt, CpuRegister.Y)
+                    asmgen.out(" lda  $arrayVarName,y |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  dex")
+                }
+                in WordDatatypes -> {
+                    asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(arrayExpr, elementDt, CpuRegister.Y)
+                    asmgen.out(" lda  $arrayVarName,y |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  lda  $arrayVarName+1,y |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
+                }
+                DataType.FLOAT -> {
+                    asmgen.loadScaledArrayIndexIntoRegister(arrayExpr, elementDt, CpuRegister.A)
+                    asmgen.out("""
+                        ldy  #>$arrayVarName
+                        clc
+                        adc  #<$arrayVarName
+                        bcc  +
+                        iny
++                       jsr  floats.push_float""")
+                }
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("weird dt")
+            }
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateBinaryOperatorBytes(operator: String, types: DataType) {
+        when(operator) {
+            "**" -> throw AssemblyError("** operator requires floats")
+            "*" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.mul_byte")  //  the optimized routines should have been checked earlier
+            "/" -> asmgen.out(if(types==DataType.UBYTE) "  jsr  prog8_lib.idiv_ub" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.idiv_b")
+            "%" -> {
+                if(types==DataType.BYTE)
+                    throw AssemblyError("remainder of signed integers is not properly defined/implemented, use unsigned instead")
+                asmgen.out("  jsr prog8_lib.remainder_ub")
+            }
+            "+" -> asmgen.out("""
+                lda  P8ESTACK_LO+2,x
+                clc
+                adc  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
+                inx
+                sta  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
+                """)
+            "-" -> asmgen.out("""
+                lda  P8ESTACK_LO+2,x
+                sec
+                sbc  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
+                inx
+                sta  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x
+                """)
+            "<<" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.shiftleft_b")
+            ">>" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.shiftright_b")
+            "<" -> asmgen.out(if(types==DataType.UBYTE) "  jsr  prog8_lib.less_ub" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.less_b")
+            ">" -> asmgen.out(if(types==DataType.UBYTE) "  jsr  prog8_lib.greater_ub" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.greater_b")
+            "<=" -> asmgen.out(if(types==DataType.UBYTE) "  jsr  prog8_lib.lesseq_ub" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.lesseq_b")
+            ">=" -> asmgen.out(if(types==DataType.UBYTE) "  jsr  prog8_lib.greatereq_ub" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.greatereq_b")
+            "==" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.equal_b")
+            "!=" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.notequal_b")
+            "&" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.bitand_b")
+            "^" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.bitxor_b")
+            "|" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.bitor_b")
+            "and" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.and_b")
+            "or" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.or_b")
+            "xor" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.xor_b")
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator $operator")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateBinaryOperatorWords(operator: String, dt: DataType) {
+        when(operator) {
+            "**" -> throw AssemblyError("** operator requires floats")
+            "*" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.mul_word")
+            "/" -> asmgen.out(if(dt==DataType.UWORD) "  jsr  prog8_lib.idiv_uw" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.idiv_w")
+            "%" -> {
+                if(dt==DataType.WORD)
+                    throw AssemblyError("remainder of signed integers is not properly defined/implemented, use unsigned instead")
+                asmgen.out("  jsr prog8_lib.remainder_uw")
+            }
+            "+" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.add_w")
+            "-" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.sub_w")
+            "<<" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  math.shift_left_w")
+            ">>" -> {
+                if(dt==DataType.UWORD)
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  math.shift_right_uw")
+                else
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  math.shift_right_w")
+            }
+            "<" -> asmgen.out(if(dt==DataType.UWORD) "  jsr  prog8_lib.less_uw" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.less_w")
+            ">" -> asmgen.out(if(dt==DataType.UWORD) "  jsr  prog8_lib.greater_uw" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.greater_w")
+            "<=" -> asmgen.out(if(dt==DataType.UWORD) "  jsr  prog8_lib.lesseq_uw" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.lesseq_w")
+            ">=" -> asmgen.out(if(dt==DataType.UWORD) "  jsr  prog8_lib.greatereq_uw" else "  jsr  prog8_lib.greatereq_w")
+            "==" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.equal_w")
+            "!=" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.notequal_w")            "&" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.bitand_w")
+            "^" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.bitxor_w")
+            "|" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.bitor_w")
+            "and" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.and_w")
+            "or" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.or_w")
+            "xor" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.xor_w")
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator $operator")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateBinaryOperatorFloats(operator: String) {
+        when(operator) {
+            "**" -> asmgen.out(" jsr  floats.pow_f")
+            "*" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.mul_f")
+            "/" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.div_f")
+            "+" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.add_f")
+            "-" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.sub_f")
+            "<" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.less_f")
+            ">" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.greater_f")
+            "<=" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.lesseq_f")
+            ">=" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.greatereq_f")
+            "==" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.equal_f")
+            "!=" -> asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.notequal_f")
+            "%", "<<", ">>", "&", "^", "|", "and", "or", "xor" -> throw AssemblyError("requires integer datatype")
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid operator $operator")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun translateCompareStrings(s1: Expression, operator: String, s2: Expression) {
+        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(s1, "prog8_lib.strcmp_expression._arg_s1", DataType.UWORD, null)
+        asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(s2, "prog8_lib.strcmp_expression._arg_s2", DataType.UWORD, null)
+        asmgen.out(" jsr  prog8_lib.strcmp_expression")    // result  of compare is in A
+        when(operator) {
+            "==" -> asmgen.out(" and  #1 |  eor  #1 |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x")
+            "!=" -> asmgen.out(" and  #1 |  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x")
+            "<=" -> asmgen.out("""
+                bpl  +
+                lda  #1
+                bne  ++
++               lda  #0
++               sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x""")
+            ">=" -> asmgen.out("""
+                bmi  +
+                lda  #1
+                bne  ++
++               lda  #0
++               sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x""")
+            "<" -> asmgen.out("""
+                bmi  +
+                lda  #0
+                beq  ++
++               lda  #1
++               sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x""")
+            ">" -> asmgen.out("""
+                bpl  +
+                lda  #0
+                beq  ++
++               lda  #1
++               sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x""")
+        }
+        asmgen.out("  dex")
+    }
+}

codeGeneration/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/ForLoopsAsmGen.kt

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
 import prog8.ast.expressions.RangeExpr
 import prog8.ast.statements.ForLoop
 import prog8.ast.toHex
-import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
-import prog8.compiler.astprocessing.toConstantIntegerRange
+import prog8.compiler.target.AssemblyError
+import prog8.compilerinterface.toConstantIntegerRange
 import kotlin.math.absoluteValue
 
 internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen:
             throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
         when(stmt.iterable) {
             is RangeExpr -> {
-                val range = (stmt.iterable as RangeExpr).toConstantIntegerRange(asmgen.options.compTarget)
+                val range = (stmt.iterable as RangeExpr).toConstantIntegerRange()
                 if(range==null) {
                     translateForOverNonconstRange(stmt, iterableDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), stmt.iterable as RangeExpr)
                 } else {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ internal class ForLoopsAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen:
         val stepsize=range.step.constValue(program)!!.number.toInt()
 
         if(stepsize < -1) {
-            val limit = range.to.constValue(program)?.number?.toDouble()
+            val limit = range.to.constValue(program)?.number
             if(limit==0.0)
                 throw AssemblyError("for unsigned loop variable it's not possible to count down with step != -1 from a non-const value to exactly zero due to value wrapping")
         }

codeGeneration/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/FunctionCallAsmGen.kt

@@ -5,23 +5,20 @@ import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.InlineAssembly
-import prog8.ast.statements.RegisterOrStatusflag
-import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
-import prog8.ast.statements.SubroutineParameter
-import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
-import prog8.compiler.target.CpuType
+import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.compiler.target.AssemblyError
 import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment.AsmAssignSource
 import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment.AsmAssignTarget
 import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment.AsmAssignment
 import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment.TargetStorageKind
+import prog8.compilerinterface.CpuType
 
 
 internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
 
     internal fun translateFunctionCallStatement(stmt: IFunctionCall) {
         saveXbeforeCall(stmt)
-        translateFunctionCall(stmt)
+        translateFunctionCall(stmt, false)
         restoreXafterCall(stmt)
         // just ignore any result values from the function call.
     }
@@ -37,6 +34,17 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
         }
     }
 
+    internal fun saveXbeforeCall(gosub: GoSub) {
+        val sub = gosub.identifier?.targetSubroutine(program)
+        if(sub?.shouldSaveX()==true) {
+            val regSaveOnStack = sub.asmAddress==null       // rom-routines don't require registers to be saved on stack, normal subroutines do because they can contain nested calls
+            if(regSaveOnStack)
+                asmgen.saveRegisterStack(CpuRegister.X, sub.shouldKeepA().saveOnEntry)
+            else
+                asmgen.saveRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X, gosub.definingSubroutine!!)
+        }
+    }
+
     internal fun restoreXafterCall(stmt: IFunctionCall) {
         val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
         if(sub.shouldSaveX()) {
@@ -48,101 +56,98 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
         }
     }
 
-    internal fun translateFunctionCall(stmt: IFunctionCall) {
+    internal fun restoreXafterCall(gosub: GoSub) {
+        val sub = gosub.identifier?.targetSubroutine(program)
+        if(sub?.shouldSaveX()==true) {
+            val regSaveOnStack = sub.asmAddress==null       // rom-routines don't require registers to be saved on stack, normal subroutines do because they can contain nested calls
+            if(regSaveOnStack)
+                asmgen.restoreRegisterStack(CpuRegister.X, sub.shouldKeepA().saveOnReturn)
+            else
+                asmgen.restoreRegisterLocal(CpuRegister.X)
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal fun translateFunctionCall(call: IFunctionCall, isExpression: Boolean) {
         // Output only the code to set up the parameters and perform the actual call
         // NOTE: does NOT output the code to deal with the result values!
         // NOTE: does NOT output code to save/restore the X register for this call! Every caller should deal with this in their own way!!
         //       (you can use subroutine.shouldSaveX() and saveX()/restoreX() routines as a help for this)
 
-        val sub = stmt.target.targetSubroutine(program) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${stmt.target}")
-        val subName = asmgen.asmSymbolName(stmt.target)
-        if(stmt.args.isNotEmpty()) {
+        val sub = call.target.targetSubroutine(program) ?: throw AssemblyError("undefined subroutine ${call.target}")
+        val subAsmName = asmgen.asmSymbolName(call.target)
 
-            if(sub.asmParameterRegisters.isEmpty()) {
-                // via variables
-                for(arg in sub.parameters.withIndex().zip(stmt.args)) {
-                    argumentViaVariable(sub, arg.first, arg.second)
-                }
+        if(!isExpression && !sub.isAsmSubroutine)
+            throw AssemblyError("functioncall statements to non-asmsub should have been replaced by GoSub $call")
+
+        if(sub.isAsmSubroutine) {
+            argumentsViaRegisters(sub, call)
+            if (sub.inline && asmgen.options.optimize) {
+                // inline the subroutine.
+                // we do this by copying the subroutine's statements at the call site.
+                // NOTE: *if* there is a return statement, it will be the only one, and the very last statement of the subroutine
+                // (this condition has been enforced by an ast check earlier)
+                asmgen.out("  \t; inlined routine follows: ${sub.name}")
+                val assembly = sub.statements.single() as InlineAssembly
+                asmgen.translate(assembly)
+                asmgen.out("  \t; inlined routine end: ${sub.name}")
             } else {
-                // via registers
-                if(sub.parameters.size==1) {
-                    // just a single parameter, no risk of clobbering registers
-                    argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(0, sub.parameters.single()), stmt.args[0])
-                } else {
-
-                    fun isNoClobberRisk(expr: Expression): Boolean {
-                        if(expr is AddressOf ||
-                                expr is NumericLiteralValue ||
-                                expr is StringLiteralValue ||
-                                expr is ArrayLiteralValue ||
-                                expr is IdentifierReference)
-                            return true
-
-                        if(expr is FunctionCall) {
-                            if(expr.target.nameInSource==listOf("lsb") || expr.target.nameInSource==listOf("msb"))
-                                return isNoClobberRisk(expr.args[0])
-                            if(expr.target.nameInSource==listOf("mkword"))
-                                return isNoClobberRisk(expr.args[0]) && isNoClobberRisk(expr.args[1])
-                        }
-
-                        return false
-                    }
-
-                    when {
-                        stmt.args.all {isNoClobberRisk(it)} -> {
-                            // There's no risk of clobbering for these simple argument types. Optimize the register loading directly from these values.
-                            // register assignment order: 1) cx16 virtual word registers, 2) actual CPU registers, 3) CPU Carry status flag.
-                            val argsInfo = sub.parameters.withIndex().zip(stmt.args).zip(sub.asmParameterRegisters)
-                            val (cx16virtualRegs, args2) = argsInfo.partition { it.second.registerOrPair in Cx16VirtualRegisters }
-                            val (cpuRegs, statusRegs) = args2.partition { it.second.registerOrPair!=null }
-                            for(arg in cx16virtualRegs)
-                                argumentViaRegister(sub, arg.first.first, arg.first.second)
-                            for(arg in cpuRegs)
-                                argumentViaRegister(sub, arg.first.first, arg.first.second)
-                            for(arg in statusRegs)
-                                argumentViaRegister(sub, arg.first.first, arg.first.second)
-                        }
-                        else -> {
-                            // Risk of clobbering due to complex expression args. Evaluate first, then assign registers.
-                            registerArgsViaStackEvaluation(stmt, sub)
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
+                asmgen.out("  jsr  $subAsmName")
             }
         }
-
-        if(!sub.inline || !asmgen.options.optimize) {
-            asmgen.out("  jsr  $subName")
-        } else {
-            // inline the subroutine.
-            // we do this by copying the subroutine's statements at the call site.
-            // NOTE: *if* there is a return statement, it will be the only one, and the very last statement of the subroutine
-            // (this condition has been enforced by an ast check earlier)
-
-            // note: for now, this is only reliably supported for asmsubs.
-            if(!sub.isAsmSubroutine)
+        else {
+            if(sub.inline)
                 throw AssemblyError("can only reliably inline asmsub routines at this time")
 
-            asmgen.out("  \t; inlined routine follows: ${sub.name}")
-            val assembly = sub.statements.single() as InlineAssembly
-            asmgen.translate(assembly)
-            asmgen.out("  \t; inlined routine end: ${sub.name}")
+            argumentsViaVariables(sub, call)
+            asmgen.out("  jsr  $subAsmName")
         }
 
         // remember: dealing with the X register and/or dealing with return values is the responsibility of the caller
     }
 
+    private fun argumentsViaVariables(sub: Subroutine, call: IFunctionCall) {
+        for(arg in sub.parameters.withIndex().zip(call.args))
+            argumentViaVariable(sub, arg.first, arg.second)
+    }
+
+    private fun argumentsViaRegisters(sub: Subroutine, call: IFunctionCall) {
+        if(sub.parameters.size==1) {
+            argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(0, sub.parameters.single()), call.args[0])
+        } else {
+            if(asmgen.asmsubArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk(call.args, sub.asmParameterRegisters)) {
+                registerArgsViaStackEvaluation(call, sub)
+            } else {
+                asmgen.asmsubArgsEvalOrder(sub).forEach {
+                    val param = sub.parameters[it]
+                    val arg = call.args[it]
+                    argumentViaRegister(sub, IndexedValue(it, param), arg)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     private fun registerArgsViaStackEvaluation(stmt: IFunctionCall, sub: Subroutine) {
         // this is called when one or more of the arguments are 'complex' and
         // cannot be assigned to a register easily or risk clobbering other registers.
+        // TODO find another way to prepare the arguments, without using the eval stack
 
         if(sub.parameters.isEmpty())
             return
 
+
         // 1. load all arguments reversed onto the stack: first arg goes last (is on top).
+
         for (arg in stmt.args.reversed())
             asmgen.translateExpression(arg)
 
+        // TODO here's an alternative to the above, but for now generates bigger code due to intermediate register steps:
+//        for (arg in stmt.args.reversed()) {
+//            // note this stuff below is needed to (eventually) avoid calling asmgen.translateExpression()
+//            // TODO also This STILL requires the translateNormalAssignment() to be fixed to avoid stack eval for expressions...
+//            val dt = arg.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
+//            asmgen.assignExpressionTo(arg, AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.STACK, program, asmgen, dt, sub))
+//        }
+
         var argForCarry: IndexedValue<Pair<Expression, RegisterOrStatusflag>>? = null
         var argForXregister: IndexedValue<Pair<Expression, RegisterOrStatusflag>>? = null
         var argForAregister: IndexedValue<Pair<Expression, RegisterOrStatusflag>>? = null
@@ -209,11 +214,10 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
         if(argForCarry!=null) {
             val plusIdxStr = if(argForCarry.index==0) "" else "+${argForCarry.index}"
             asmgen.out("""
+                clc
                 lda  P8ESTACK_LO$plusIdxStr,x
                 beq  +
                 sec
-                bcs  ++
-+               clc
 +               php""")             // push the status flags
         }
 
@@ -256,7 +260,7 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
         if(!isArgumentTypeCompatible(valueDt, parameter.value.type))
             throw AssemblyError("argument type incompatible")
 
-        val varName = asmgen.asmVariableName(sub.scopedname+"."+parameter.value.name)
+        val varName = asmgen.asmVariableName(sub.scopedName + parameter.value.name)
         asmgen.assignExpressionToVariable(value, varName, parameter.value.type, sub)
     }
 
@@ -292,11 +296,10 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                         val sourceName = asmgen.asmVariableName(value)
                         asmgen.out("""
                 pha
+                clc
                 lda  $sourceName
                 beq  +
                 sec  
-                bcs  ++
-    +           clc
     +           pla
     """)
                     }
@@ -324,8 +327,10 @@ internal class FunctionCallAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmg
                 val target: AsmAssignTarget =
                     if(parameter.value.type in ByteDatatypes && (register==RegisterOrPair.AX || register == RegisterOrPair.AY || register==RegisterOrPair.XY || register in Cx16VirtualRegisters))
                         AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, parameter.value.type, sub, register = register)
-                    else
-                        AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, sub, program, asmgen)
+                    else {
+                        val signed = parameter.value.type == DataType.BYTE || parameter.value.type == DataType.WORD
+                        AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, signed, sub, program, asmgen)
+                    }
                 val src = if(valueDt in PassByReferenceDatatypes) {
                     if(value is IdentifierReference) {
                         val addr = AddressOf(value, Position.DUMMY)

codeGeneration/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/PostIncrDecrAsmGen.kt

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
 import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
 import prog8.ast.statements.PostIncrDecr
 import prog8.ast.toHex
-import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
+import prog8.compiler.target.AssemblyError
 
 
 internal class PostIncrDecrAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {

codeGeneration/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/assignment/AsmAssignment.kt

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.assignment
 
-import prog8.ast.IMemSizer
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
-import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IMemSizer
+import prog8.compiler.target.AssemblyError
 import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.AsmGen
 
 
@@ -39,13 +39,14 @@ internal class AsmAssignTarget(val kind: TargetStorageKind,
                                val origAstTarget: AssignTarget? = null
                                )
 {
-    val constMemoryAddress by lazy { memory?.addressExpression?.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt() ?: 0}
-    val constArrayIndexValue by lazy { array?.indexer?.constIndex() }
-    val asmVarname: String
-        get() = if(array==null)
+    val constMemoryAddress by lazy { memory?.addressExpression?.constValue(program)?.number?.toUInt() ?: 0u}
+    val constArrayIndexValue by lazy { array?.indexer?.constIndex()?.toUInt() }
+    val asmVarname: String by lazy {
+        if (array == null)
             variableAsmName!!
         else
             asmgen.asmVariableName(array.arrayvar)
+    }
 
     lateinit var origAssign: AsmAssignment
 
@@ -55,27 +56,42 @@ internal class AsmAssignTarget(val kind: TargetStorageKind,
     }
 
     companion object {
-        fun fromAstAssignment(assign: Assignment, program: Program, asmgen: AsmGen): AsmAssignTarget = with(assign.target) {
-            val idt = inferType(program)
-            if(!idt.isKnown)
-                throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
-            val dt = idt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
-            when {
-                identifier != null -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, variableAsmName = asmgen.asmVariableName(identifier!!), origAstTarget =  this)
-                arrayindexed != null -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.ARRAY, program, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, array = arrayindexed, origAstTarget =  this)
-                memoryAddress != null -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.MEMORY, program, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, memory =  memoryAddress, origAstTarget =  this)
-                else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target")
+        fun fromAstAssignment(assign: Assignment, program: Program, asmgen: AsmGen): AsmAssignTarget {
+            with(assign.target) {
+                val idt = inferType(program)
+                if(!idt.isKnown)
+                    throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
+                val dt = idt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
+                when {
+                    identifier != null -> {
+                        val parameter = identifier!!.targetVarDecl(program)?.subroutineParameter
+                        if (parameter!=null) {
+                            val sub = parameter.definingSubroutine!!
+                            if (sub.isAsmSubroutine) {
+                                val reg = sub.asmParameterRegisters[sub.parameters.indexOf(parameter)]
+                                if(reg.statusflag!=null)
+                                    throw AssemblyError("can't assign value to processor statusflag directly")
+                                else
+                                    return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, register=reg.registerOrPair, origAstTarget = this)
+                            }
+                        }
+                        return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, variableAsmName = asmgen.asmVariableName(identifier!!), origAstTarget =  this)
+                    }
+                    arrayindexed != null -> return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.ARRAY, program, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, array = arrayindexed, origAstTarget =  this)
+                    memoryAddress != null -> return AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.MEMORY, program, asmgen, dt, assign.definingSubroutine, memory =  memoryAddress, origAstTarget =  this)
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target")
+                }
             }
         }
 
-        fun fromRegisters(registers: RegisterOrPair, scope: Subroutine?, program: Program, asmgen: AsmGen): AsmAssignTarget =
+        fun fromRegisters(registers: RegisterOrPair, signed: Boolean, scope: Subroutine?, program: Program, asmgen: AsmGen): AsmAssignTarget =
                 when(registers) {
                     RegisterOrPair.A,
                     RegisterOrPair.X,
-                    RegisterOrPair.Y -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, DataType.UBYTE, scope, register = registers)
+                    RegisterOrPair.Y -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, if(signed) DataType.BYTE else DataType.UBYTE, scope, register = registers)
                     RegisterOrPair.AX,
                     RegisterOrPair.AY,
-                    RegisterOrPair.XY -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, DataType.UWORD, scope, register = registers)
+                    RegisterOrPair.XY -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, if(signed) DataType.WORD else DataType.UWORD, scope, register = registers)
                     RegisterOrPair.FAC1,
                     RegisterOrPair.FAC2 -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, DataType.FLOAT, scope, register = registers)
                     RegisterOrPair.R0,
@@ -93,7 +109,7 @@ internal class AsmAssignTarget(val kind: TargetStorageKind,
                     RegisterOrPair.R12,
                     RegisterOrPair.R13,
                     RegisterOrPair.R14,
-                    RegisterOrPair.R15 -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, DataType.UWORD, scope, register = registers)
+                    RegisterOrPair.R15 -> AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.REGISTER, program, asmgen, if(signed) DataType.WORD else DataType.UWORD, scope, register = registers)
                 }
     }
 }
@@ -110,8 +126,8 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
                                val expression: Expression? = null
 )
 {
-    val constMemoryAddress by lazy { memory?.addressExpression?.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt() ?: 0}
-    val constArrayIndexValue by lazy { array?.indexer?.constIndex() }
+    val constMemoryAddress by lazy { memory?.addressExpression?.constValue(program)?.number?.toUInt() ?: 0u}
+    val constArrayIndexValue by lazy { array?.indexer?.constIndex()?.toUInt() }
 
     val asmVarname: String
         get() = if(array==null)
@@ -132,6 +148,9 @@ internal class AsmAssignSource(val kind: SourceStorageKind,
                 is StringLiteralValue -> throw AssemblyError("string literal value should not occur anymore for asm generation")
                 is ArrayLiteralValue -> throw AssemblyError("array literal value should not occur anymore for asm generation")
                 is IdentifierReference -> {
+                    val parameter = value.targetVarDecl(program)?.subroutineParameter
+                    if(parameter!=null && parameter.definingSubroutine!!.isAsmSubroutine)
+                        throw AssemblyError("can't assign from a asmsub register parameter $value ${value.position}")
                     val dt = value.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
                     val varName=asmgen.asmVariableName(value)
                     // special case: "cx16.r[0-15]" are 16-bits virtual registers of the commander X16 system
@@ -208,7 +227,7 @@ internal class AsmAssignment(val source: AsmAssignSource,
         if(target.register !in arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.XY, RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY))
             require(source.datatype != DataType.UNDEFINED) { "must not be placeholder/undefined datatype" }
             require(memsizer.memorySize(source.datatype) <= memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)) {
-                "source storage size must be less or equal to target datatype storage size"
+                "source dt size must be less or equal to target dt size at $position"
             }
     }
 }

codeGeneration/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/assignment/AssignmentAsmGen.kt

@@ -5,19 +5,16 @@ import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.ast.toHex
-import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
-import prog8.compiler.functions.BuiltinFunctions
-import prog8.compiler.functions.builtinFunctionReturnType
-import prog8.compiler.target.CpuType
+import prog8.compiler.target.AssemblyError
 import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.AsmGen
-import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.ExpressionsAsmGen
+import prog8.compilerinterface.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.compilerinterface.CpuType
+import prog8.compilerinterface.builtinFunctionReturnType
 
 
-internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen,
-                                private val exprAsmgen: ExpressionsAsmGen
-) {
+internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen: AsmGen) {
 
-    private val augmentableAsmGen = AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(program, this, exprAsmgen, asmgen)
+    private val augmentableAsmGen = AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(program, this, asmgen)
 
     fun translate(assignment: Assignment) {
         val target = AsmAssignTarget.fromAstAssignment(assignment, program, asmgen)
@@ -32,15 +29,27 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             translateNormalAssignment(assign)
     }
 
+    internal fun virtualRegsToVariables(origtarget: AsmAssignTarget): AsmAssignTarget {
+        return if(origtarget.kind==TargetStorageKind.REGISTER && origtarget.register in Cx16VirtualRegisters) {
+            AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, origtarget.datatype, origtarget.scope,
+                variableAsmName = "cx16.${origtarget.register!!.name.lowercase()}", origAstTarget = origtarget.origAstTarget)
+        } else origtarget
+    }
+
     fun translateNormalAssignment(assign: AsmAssignment) {
+        if(assign.isAugmentable) {
+            augmentableAsmGen.translate(assign)
+            return
+        }
+
         when(assign.source.kind) {
             SourceStorageKind.LITERALNUMBER -> {
                 // simple case: assign a constant number
                 val num = assign.source.number!!.number
                 when (assign.target.datatype) {
-                    DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> assignConstantByte(assign.target, num.toShort())
+                    DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> assignConstantByte(assign.target, num.toInt())
                     DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> assignConstantWord(assign.target, num.toInt())
-                    DataType.FLOAT -> assignConstantFloat(assign.target, num.toDouble())
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> assignConstantFloat(assign.target, num)
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("weird numval type")
                 }
             }
@@ -126,7 +135,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 val value = assign.source.memory!!
                 when (value.addressExpression) {
                     is NumericLiteralValue -> {
-                        val address = (value.addressExpression as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt()
+                        val address = (value.addressExpression as NumericLiteralValue).number.toUInt()
                         assignMemoryByte(assign.target, address, null)
                     }
                     is IdentifierReference -> {
@@ -157,7 +166,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                         when (val sub = value.target.targetStatement(program)) {
                             is Subroutine -> {
                                 asmgen.saveXbeforeCall(value)
-                                asmgen.translateFunctionCall(value)
+                                asmgen.translateFunctionCall(value, true)
                                 val returnValue = sub.returntypes.zip(sub.asmReturnvaluesRegisters).singleOrNull { it.second.registerOrPair!=null } ?:
                                     sub.returntypes.zip(sub.asmReturnvaluesRegisters).single { it.second.statusflag!=null }
                                 when (returnValue.first) {
@@ -171,13 +180,13 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                                             DataType.STR, DataType.ARRAY_UB, DataType.ARRAY_B -> {
                                                 // copy the actual string result into the target string variable
                                                 asmgen.out("""
-                                                                        pha
-                                                                        lda  #<${assign.target.asmVarname}
-                                                                        sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
-                                                                        lda  #>${assign.target.asmVarname}
-                                                                        sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
-                                                                        pla
-                                                                        jsr  prog8_lib.strcpy""")
+                                                    pha
+                                                    lda  #<${assign.target.asmVarname}
+                                                    sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1
+                                                    lda  #>${assign.target.asmVarname}
+                                                    sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1+1
+                                                    pla
+                                                    jsr  prog8_lib.strcpy""")
                                             }
                                             else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target dt")
                                         }
@@ -249,30 +258,41 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                             }
                         }
                     }
+                    is PrefixExpression -> {
+                        // first assign the value to the target then apply the operator in place on the target.
+                        translateNormalAssignment(AsmAssignment(
+                            AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(value.expression, program, asmgen),
+                            assign.target,
+                            false, program.memsizer, assign.position
+                        ))
+                        val target = virtualRegsToVariables(assign.target)
+                        when(value.operator) {
+                            "+" -> {}
+                            "-" -> augmentableAsmGen.inplaceNegate(target, target.datatype)
+                            "~" -> augmentableAsmGen.inplaceInvert(target, target.datatype)
+                            "not" -> augmentableAsmGen.inplaceBooleanNot(target, target.datatype)
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid prefix operator")
+                        }
+                    }
                     else -> {
                         // Everything else just evaluate via the stack.
-                        // (we can't use the assignment helper functions to do it via registers here,
+                        // (we can't use the assignment helper functions (assignExpressionTo...) to do it via registers here,
                         // because the code here is the implementation of exactly that...)
-                        if (value.parent is Return) {
-                            if (this.asmgen.options.slowCodegenWarnings)
-                                println("warning: slow stack evaluation used for return: $value  target=${assign.target.kind} at ${value.position}")
-                        }
-                        exprAsmgen.translateExpression(value)
+                        // TODO DON'T STACK-EVAL THIS... by using a temp var? so that it becomes augmentable assignment expression?
+                        asmgen.translateExpression(value)
                         if (assign.target.datatype in WordDatatypes && assign.source.datatype in ByteDatatypes)
                             asmgen.signExtendStackLsb(assign.source.datatype)
-                        assignStackValue(assign.target)
+                        if(assign.target.kind!=TargetStorageKind.STACK || assign.target.datatype != assign.source.datatype)
+                            assignStackValue(assign.target)
                     }
                 }
             }
             SourceStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
-                when(assign.source.datatype) {
-                    DataType.UBYTE -> assignRegisterByte(assign.target, assign.source.register!!.asCpuRegister())
-                    DataType.UWORD -> assignRegisterpairWord(assign.target, assign.source.register!!)
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid register dt")
-                }
+                asmgen.assignRegister(assign.source.register!!, assign.target)
             }
             SourceStorageKind.STACK -> {
-                assignStackValue(assign.target)
+                if(assign.target.kind!=TargetStorageKind.STACK || assign.target.datatype != assign.source.datatype)
+                    assignStackValue(assign.target)
             }
         }
     }
@@ -330,7 +350,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
 
                     when (value.addressExpression) {
                         is NumericLiteralValue -> {
-                            val address = (value.addressExpression as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt()
+                            val address = (value.addressExpression as NumericLiteralValue).number.toUInt()
                             assignMemoryByteIntoWord(target, address, null)
                             return
                         }
@@ -364,16 +384,16 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
 
             when (valueDt) {
                 in ByteDatatypes -> {
-                    assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.A)
+                    assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.A, valueDt==DataType.BYTE)
                     assignTypeCastedRegisters(target.asmVarname, targetDt, RegisterOrPair.A, valueDt)
                 }
                 in WordDatatypes -> {
-                    assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.AY)
+                    assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.AY, valueDt==DataType.WORD)
                     assignTypeCastedRegisters(target.asmVarname, targetDt, RegisterOrPair.AY, valueDt)
                 }
                 DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                    assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.FAC1)
-                    assignTypecastedFloatFAC1(target.asmVarname, targetDt)
+                    assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.FAC1, true)
+                    assignTypeCastedFloatFAC1(target.asmVarname, targetDt)
                 }
                 in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> {
                     // str/array value cast (most likely to UWORD, take address-of)
@@ -399,14 +419,14 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 RegisterOrPair.X,
                 RegisterOrPair.Y -> {
                     // 'cast' an ubyte value to a byte register; no cast needed at all
-                    return assignExpressionToRegister(value, target.register)
+                    return assignExpressionToRegister(value, target.register, false)
                 }
                 RegisterOrPair.AX,
                 RegisterOrPair.AY,
                 RegisterOrPair.XY,
                 in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
                     // cast an ubyte value to a 16 bits register, just assign it and make use of the value extension
-                    return assignExpressionToRegister(value, target.register!!)
+                    return assignExpressionToRegister(value, target.register!!, false)
                 }
                 else -> {}
             }
@@ -424,19 +444,41 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                 RegisterOrPair.XY,
                 in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
                     // 'cast' uword into a 16 bits register, just assign it
-                    return assignExpressionToRegister(value, target.register!!)
+                    return assignExpressionToRegister(value, target.register!!, false)
                 }
                 else -> {}
             }
         }
 
-        // give up, do it via eval stack
-        // note: cannot use assignTypeCastedValue because that is ourselves :P
-        // TODO optimize typecasts for more special cases?
-        if(this.asmgen.options.slowCodegenWarnings)
-            println("warning: slow stack evaluation used for typecast: $value into $targetDt (target=${target.kind} at ${value.position}")
-        asmgen.translateExpression(origTypeCastExpression)      // this performs the actual type cast in translateExpression(Typecast)
-        assignStackValue(target)
+        if(targetDt==DataType.FLOAT && (target.register==RegisterOrPair.FAC1 || target.register==RegisterOrPair.FAC2)) {
+            when(valueDt) {
+                DataType.UBYTE -> {
+                    assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.Y, false)
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.FREADUY")
+                }
+                DataType.BYTE -> {
+                    assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.A, true)
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.FREADSA")
+                }
+                DataType.UWORD -> {
+                    assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.AY, false)
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.GIVUAYFAY")
+                }
+                DataType.WORD -> {
+                    assignExpressionToRegister(value, RegisterOrPair.AY, true)
+                    asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.GIVAYFAY")
+                }
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid dt")
+            }
+            if(target.register==RegisterOrPair.FAC2) {
+                asmgen.out("  jsr floats.MOVEF")
+            }
+        } else {
+            // No more special optmized cases yet. Do the rest via more complex evaluation
+            // note: cannot use assignTypeCastedValue because that is ourselves :P
+            // NOTE: THIS MAY TURN INTO A STACK OVERFLOW ERROR IF IT CAN'T SIMPLIFY THE TYPECAST..... :-/
+            asmgen.assignExpressionTo(origTypeCastExpression, target)
+        }
     }
 
     private fun assignCastViaLsbFunc(value: Expression, target: AsmAssignTarget) {
@@ -447,7 +489,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
         translateNormalAssignment(assign)
     }
 
-    private fun assignTypecastedFloatFAC1(targetAsmVarName: String, targetDt: DataType) {
+    private fun assignTypeCastedFloatFAC1(targetAsmVarName: String, targetDt: DataType) {
 
         if(targetDt==DataType.FLOAT)
             throw AssemblyError("typecast to identical type")
@@ -768,7 +810,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             }
             TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
                 if(target.constArrayIndexValue!=null) {
-                    val scaledIdx = target.constArrayIndexValue!! * program.memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)
+                    val scaledIdx = target.constArrayIndexValue!! * program.memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype).toUInt()
                     when(target.datatype) {
                         in ByteDatatypes -> {
                             asmgen.out(" inx | lda  P8ESTACK_LO,x  | sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx")
@@ -954,7 +996,8 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                     lda  #<$sourceName
                     ldy  #>$sourceName+1
                     sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
-                    sty  P8ESTACK_HI,x
+                    tya
+                    sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x
                     dex""")
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("string-assign to weird target")
@@ -977,7 +1020,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
                 target.array!!
                 if(target.constArrayIndexValue!=null) {
-                    val scaledIdx = target.constArrayIndexValue!! * program.memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)
+                    val scaledIdx = target.constArrayIndexValue!! * program.memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype).toUInt()
                     when(target.datatype) {
                         in ByteDatatypes -> {
                             asmgen.out(" lda  $sourceName  | sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx")
@@ -1032,7 +1075,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
                                 adc  #<${target.asmVarname}
                                 bcc  +
                                 iny
-+                                   jsr  floats.copy_float""")
++                               jsr  floats.copy_float""")
                         }
                         else -> throw AssemblyError("weird dt")
                     }
@@ -1066,6 +1109,11 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
         }
     }
 
+    internal fun assignFAC2float(target: AsmAssignTarget) {
+        asmgen.out("  jsr  floats.MOVFA")       // fac2 -> fac1
+        assignFAC1float(target)
+    }
+
     internal fun assignFAC1float(target: AsmAssignTarget) {
         when(target.kind) {
             TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
@@ -1201,7 +1249,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             }
             TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
                 if (target.constArrayIndexValue!=null) {
-                    val scaledIdx = target.constArrayIndexValue!! * program.memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)
+                    val scaledIdx = target.constArrayIndexValue!! * program.memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype).toUInt()
                     asmgen.out(" lda  $sourceName  | sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx")
                 }
                 else {
@@ -1254,7 +1302,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             }
             TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
                 if (wordtarget.constArrayIndexValue!=null) {
-                    val scaledIdx = wordtarget.constArrayIndexValue!! * 2
+                    val scaledIdx = wordtarget.constArrayIndexValue!! * 2u
                     asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName")
                     asmgen.signExtendAYlsb(DataType.BYTE)
                     asmgen.out("  sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx |  sty  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx+1")
@@ -1322,7 +1370,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             }
             TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
                 if (wordtarget.constArrayIndexValue!=null) {
-                    val scaledIdx = wordtarget.constArrayIndexValue!! * 2
+                    val scaledIdx = wordtarget.constArrayIndexValue!! * 2u
                     asmgen.out("  lda  $sourceName  | sta  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx")
                     if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
                         asmgen.out("  stz  ${wordtarget.asmVarname}+$scaledIdx+1")
@@ -1363,7 +1411,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
         // these will be correctly typecasted from a byte to a word value
         if(target.register !in Cx16VirtualRegisters &&
             target.register!=RegisterOrPair.AX && target.register!=RegisterOrPair.AY && target.register!=RegisterOrPair.XY) {
-            if(target.kind==TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE) {
+            if(target.kind== TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE) {
                 val parts = target.asmVarname.split('.')
                 if (parts.size != 2 || parts[0] != "cx16")
                     require(target.datatype in ByteDatatypes)
@@ -1459,7 +1507,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
     }
 
     internal fun assignRegisterpairWord(target: AsmAssignTarget, regs: RegisterOrPair) {
-        require(target.datatype in NumericDatatypes)
+        require(target.datatype in NumericDatatypes || target.datatype in PassByReferenceDatatypes)
         if(target.datatype==DataType.FLOAT)
             throw AssemblyError("float value should be from FAC1 not from registerpair memory pointer")
 
@@ -1482,7 +1530,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             }
             TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> {
                 if (target.constArrayIndexValue!=null) {
-                    val idx = target.constArrayIndexValue!! * 2
+                    val idx = target.constArrayIndexValue!! * 2u
                     when (regs) {
                         RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out("  sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$idx |  stx  ${target.asmVarname}+$idx+1")
                         RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  sta  ${target.asmVarname}+$idx |  sty  ${target.asmVarname}+$idx+1")
@@ -1586,7 +1634,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
             }
             TargetStorageKind.STACK -> {
                 when(regs) {
-                    RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  sty  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
+                    RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x |  tya |  sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x |  dex")
                     RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.XY -> throw AssemblyError("can't use X here")
                     in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> {
                         val srcReg = asmgen.asmSymbolName(regs)
@@ -1703,8 +1751,8 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
         }
     }
 
-    private fun assignConstantByte(target: AsmAssignTarget, byte: Short) {
-        if(byte==0.toShort() && asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) {
+    private fun assignConstantByte(target: AsmAssignTarget, byte: Int) {
+        if(byte==0 && asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) {
             // optimize setting zero value for this cpu
             when(target.kind) {
                 TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
@@ -1937,7 +1985,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
         }
     }
 
-    private fun assignMemoryByte(target: AsmAssignTarget, address: Int?, identifier: IdentifierReference?) {
+    private fun assignMemoryByte(target: AsmAssignTarget, address: UInt?, identifier: IdentifierReference?) {
         if (address != null) {
             when(target.kind) {
                 TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
@@ -2021,7 +2069,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
         }
     }
 
-    private fun assignMemoryByteIntoWord(wordtarget: AsmAssignTarget, address: Int?, identifier: IdentifierReference?) {
+    private fun assignMemoryByteIntoWord(wordtarget: AsmAssignTarget, address: UInt?, identifier: IdentifierReference?) {
         if (address != null) {
             when(wordtarget.kind) {
                 TargetStorageKind.VARIABLE -> {
@@ -2113,7 +2161,7 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
         fun storeAIntoPointerVar(pointervar: IdentifierReference) {
             val sourceName = asmgen.asmVariableName(pointervar)
             val vardecl = pointervar.targetVarDecl(program)!!
-            val scopedName = vardecl.makeScopedName(vardecl.name)
+            val scopedName = vardecl.scopedName.joinToString(".")
             if (asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02)) {
                 if (asmgen.isZpVar(scopedName)) {
                     // pointervar is already in the zero page, no need to copy
@@ -2157,9 +2205,9 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
         }
     }
 
-    internal fun assignExpressionToRegister(expr: Expression, register: RegisterOrPair) {
+    internal fun assignExpressionToRegister(expr: Expression, register: RegisterOrPair, signed: Boolean) {
         val src = AsmAssignSource.fromAstSource(expr, program, asmgen)
-        val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, null, program, asmgen)
+        val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, signed, null, program, asmgen)
         val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, program.memsizer, expr.position)
         translateNormalAssignment(assign)
     }
@@ -2171,8 +2219,8 @@ internal class AssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program, private val asmgen
         translateNormalAssignment(assign)
     }
 
-    internal fun assignVariableToRegister(asmVarName: String, register: RegisterOrPair) {
-        val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, null, program, asmgen)
+    internal fun assignVariableToRegister(asmVarName: String, register: RegisterOrPair, signed: Boolean) {
+        val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(register, signed, null, program, asmgen)
         val src = AsmAssignSource(SourceStorageKind.VARIABLE, program, asmgen, tgt.datatype, variableAsmName = asmVarName)
         val assign = AsmAssignment(src, tgt, false, program.memsizer, Position.DUMMY)
         translateNormalAssignment(assign)

codeGeneration/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/assignment/AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen.kt

@@ -5,14 +5,13 @@ import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
 import prog8.ast.toHex
-import prog8.compiler.AssemblyError
-import prog8.compiler.target.CpuType
+import prog8.compiler.target.AssemblyError
 import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.AsmGen
-import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.ExpressionsAsmGen
+import prog8.compilerinterface.CpuType
+
 
 internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                                            private val assignmentAsmGen: AssignmentAsmGen,
-                                           private val exprAsmGen: ExpressionsAsmGen,
                                            private val asmgen: AsmGen
 ) {
     fun translate(assign: AsmAssignment) {
@@ -22,15 +21,16 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         when (val value = assign.source.expression!!) {
             is PrefixExpression -> {
                 // A = -A , A = +A, A = ~A, A = not A
+                val target = assignmentAsmGen.virtualRegsToVariables(assign.target)
                 val itype = value.inferType(program)
                 if(!itype.isKnown)
                     throw AssemblyError("unknown dt")
                 val type = itype.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
                 when (value.operator) {
                     "+" -> {}
-                    "-" -> inplaceNegate(assign.target, type)
-                    "~" -> inplaceInvert(assign.target, type)
-                    "not" -> inplaceBooleanNot(assign.target, type)
+                    "-" -> inplaceNegate(target, type)
+                    "~" -> inplaceInvert(target, type)
+                    "not" -> inplaceBooleanNot(target, type)
                     else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid prefix operator")
                 }
             }
@@ -102,10 +102,66 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
             }
         }
 
-        throw FatalAstException("assignment should be augmentable $binExpr")
+        val leftBinExpr = binExpr.left as? BinaryExpression
+        val rightBinExpr = binExpr.right as? BinaryExpression
+        if(leftBinExpr!=null && rightBinExpr==null) {
+            if(leftBinExpr.left isSameAs astTarget) {
+                // X = (X <oper> Right) <oper> Something
+                inplaceModification(target, leftBinExpr.operator, leftBinExpr.right)
+                inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, binExpr.right)
+                return
+            }
+            if(leftBinExpr.right isSameAs astTarget) {
+                // X = (Left <oper> X) <oper> Something
+                if(leftBinExpr.operator in associativeOperators) {
+                    inplaceModification(target, leftBinExpr.operator, leftBinExpr.left)
+                    inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, binExpr.right)
+                    return
+                } else {
+                    throw AssemblyError("operands in wrong order for non-associative operator")
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if(leftBinExpr==null && rightBinExpr!=null) {
+            if(rightBinExpr.left isSameAs astTarget) {
+                // X = Something <oper> (X <oper> Right)
+                if(binExpr.operator in associativeOperators) {
+                    inplaceModification(target, rightBinExpr.operator, rightBinExpr.right)
+                    inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, binExpr.left)
+                    return
+                } else {
+                    throw AssemblyError("operands in wrong order for non-associative operator")
+                }
+            }
+            if(rightBinExpr.right isSameAs astTarget) {
+                // X = Something <oper> (Left <oper> X)
+                if(binExpr.operator in associativeOperators && rightBinExpr.operator in associativeOperators) {
+                    inplaceModification(target, rightBinExpr.operator, rightBinExpr.left)
+                    inplaceModification(target, binExpr.operator, binExpr.left)
+                    return
+                } else {
+                    throw AssemblyError("operands in wrong order for non-associative operator")
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        throw FatalAstException("assignment should follow augmentable rules $binExpr")
     }
 
-    private fun inplaceModification(target: AsmAssignTarget, operator: String, value: Expression) {
+    private fun inplaceModification(target: AsmAssignTarget, operator: String, origValue: Expression) {
+
+        // the asm-gen code can deal with situations where you want to assign a byte into a word.
+        // it will create the most optimized code to do this (so it type-extends for us).
+        // But we can't deal with writing a word into a byte - explicit typeconversion is required
+        val value = if(program.memsizer.memorySize(origValue.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) > program.memsizer.memorySize(target.datatype)) {
+            val typecast = TypecastExpression(origValue, target.datatype, true, origValue.position)
+            typecast.linkParents(origValue.parent)
+            typecast
+        }
+        else {
+            origValue
+        }
+
         val valueLv = (value as? NumericLiteralValue)?.number
         val ident = value as? IdentifierReference
         val memread = value as? DirectMemoryRead
@@ -181,7 +237,8 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         }
                     }
                     else -> {
-                        asmgen.translateExpression(memory.addressExpression)
+                        // TODO OTHER EVALUATION HERE, don't use the estack to transfer the address to read/write from
+                        asmgen.assignExpressionTo(memory.addressExpression, AsmAssignTarget(TargetStorageKind.STACK, program, asmgen, DataType.UWORD, memory.definingSubroutine))
                         asmgen.out("  jsr  prog8_lib.read_byte_from_address_on_stack |  sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1")
                         when {
                             valueLv != null -> inplaceModification_byte_litval_to_variable("P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1", DataType.UBYTE, operator, valueLv.toInt())
@@ -246,19 +303,37 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                         indexVar!=null -> {
                             when (target.datatype) {
                                 in ByteDatatypes -> {
-                                    val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(RegisterOrPair.A, null, program, asmgen)
+                                    val tgt =
+                                        AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(
+                                            RegisterOrPair.A,
+                                            target.datatype == DataType.BYTE, null,
+                                            program,
+                                            asmgen
+                                        )
                                     val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, false, program.memsizer, value.position)
                                     assignmentAsmGen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
                                     assignmentAsmGen.assignRegisterByte(target, CpuRegister.A)
                                 }
                                 in WordDatatypes -> {
-                                    val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(RegisterOrPair.AY, null, program, asmgen)
+                                    val tgt =
+                                        AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(
+                                            RegisterOrPair.AY,
+                                            target.datatype == DataType.WORD, null,
+                                            program,
+                                            asmgen
+                                        )
                                     val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, false, program.memsizer, value.position)
                                     assignmentAsmGen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
                                     assignmentAsmGen.assignRegisterpairWord(target, RegisterOrPair.AY)
                                 }
                                 DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                                    val tgt = AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(RegisterOrPair.FAC1, null, program, asmgen)
+                                    val tgt =
+                                        AsmAssignTarget.fromRegisters(
+                                            RegisterOrPair.FAC1,
+                                            true, null,
+                                            program,
+                                            asmgen
+                                        )
                                     val assign = AsmAssignment(target.origAssign.source, tgt, false, program.memsizer, value.position)
                                     assignmentAsmGen.translateNormalAssignment(assign)
                                     assignmentAsmGen.assignFAC1float(target)
@@ -270,8 +345,8 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     }
                 }
             }
-            TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg in-place modification")
-            TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack in-place modification")
+            TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for reg in-place modification")
+            TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for stack in-place modification")
         }
     }
 
@@ -638,14 +713,14 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
     private fun inplaceModification_byte_memread_to_variable(name: String, dt: DataType, operator: String, memread: DirectMemoryRead) {
         when (operator) {
             "+" -> {
-                exprAsmGen.translateDirectMemReadExpression(memread, false)
+                asmgen.translateDirectMemReadExpressionToRegAorStack(memread, false)
                 asmgen.out("""
                     clc
                     adc  $name
                     sta  $name""")
             }
             "-" -> {
-                exprAsmGen.translateDirectMemReadExpression(memread, false)
+                asmgen.translateDirectMemReadExpressionToRegAorStack(memread, false)
                 asmgen.out("""
                     sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
                     lda  $name
@@ -654,15 +729,15 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                     sta  $name""")
             }
             "|", "or" -> {
-                exprAsmGen.translateDirectMemReadExpression(memread, false)
+                asmgen.translateDirectMemReadExpressionToRegAorStack(memread, false)
                 asmgen.out("  ora  $name  |  sta  $name")
             }
             "&", "and" -> {
-                exprAsmGen.translateDirectMemReadExpression(memread, false)
+                asmgen.translateDirectMemReadExpressionToRegAorStack(memread, false)
                 asmgen.out("  and  $name  |  sta  $name")
             }
             "^", "xor" -> {
-                exprAsmGen.translateDirectMemReadExpression(memread, false)
+                asmgen.translateDirectMemReadExpressionToRegAorStack(memread, false)
                 asmgen.out("  eor  $name  |  sta  $name")
             }
             // TODO: tuned code for more operators
@@ -675,7 +750,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
     private fun inplaceModification_word_memread_to_variable(name: String, dt: DataType, operator: String, memread: DirectMemoryRead) {
         when (operator) {
             "+" -> {
-                exprAsmGen.translateDirectMemReadExpression(memread, false)
+                asmgen.translateDirectMemReadExpressionToRegAorStack(memread, false)
                 asmgen.out("""
                     clc
                     adc  $name
@@ -685,7 +760,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
 +""")
             }
             "-" -> {
-                exprAsmGen.translateDirectMemReadExpression(memread, false)
+                asmgen.translateDirectMemReadExpressionToRegAorStack(memread, false)
                 asmgen.out("""
                     sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
                     lda  $name
@@ -697,11 +772,11 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
 +""")
             }
             "|", "or" -> {
-                exprAsmGen.translateDirectMemReadExpression(memread, false)
+                asmgen.translateDirectMemReadExpressionToRegAorStack(memread, false)
                 asmgen.out("  ora  $name  |  sta  $name")
             }
             "&", "and" -> {
-                exprAsmGen.translateDirectMemReadExpression(memread, false)
+                asmgen.translateDirectMemReadExpressionToRegAorStack(memread, false)
                 asmgen.out("  and  $name  |  sta  $name")
                 if(dt in WordDatatypes) {
                     if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
@@ -711,7 +786,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                 }
             }
             "^", "xor" -> {
-                exprAsmGen.translateDirectMemReadExpression(memread, false)
+                asmgen.translateDirectMemReadExpressionToRegAorStack(memread, false)
                 asmgen.out("  eor  $name  |  sta  $name")
             }
             // TODO: tuned code for more operators
@@ -1084,7 +1159,8 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             sta  $name
                             lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2+1
                             sta  $name+1
-                        """)                    }
+                        """)
+                    }
                     "<<" -> {
                         asmgen.out("""
                         ldy  $otherName
@@ -1705,7 +1781,7 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
         }
     }
 
-    private fun inplaceBooleanNot(target: AsmAssignTarget, dt: DataType) {
+    internal fun inplaceBooleanNot(target: AsmAssignTarget, dt: DataType) {
         when (dt) {
             DataType.UBYTE -> {
                 when (target.kind) {
@@ -1749,9 +1825,30 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place not of ubyte array")
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg not")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack not")
+                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
+                        when(target.register!!) {
+                            RegisterOrPair.A -> asmgen.out("""
+                                cmp  #0
+                                beq  +
+                                lda  #1
+    +                           eor  #1""")
+                            RegisterOrPair.X -> asmgen.out("""
+                                txa
+                                beq  +
+                                lda  #1
+    +                           eor  #1
+                                tax""")
+                            RegisterOrPair.Y -> asmgen.out("""
+                                tya
+                                beq  +
+                                lda  #1
+    +                           eor  #1
+                                tay""")
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid reg dt for byte not")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("no asm gen for byte stack not")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for in-place not of ubyte ${target.kind}")
                 }
             }
             DataType.UWORD -> {
@@ -1767,17 +1864,55 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             lsr  a
                             sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1""")
                     }
-                    TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for uword-memory not")
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place not of uword array")
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg not")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack not")
+                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
+                        when(target.register!!) {
+                            RegisterOrPair.AX -> {
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                                    stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+                                    ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+                                    beq  +
+                                    lda  #0
+                                    tax
+                                    beq  ++
+        +                           lda  #1
+        +""")
+                            }
+                            RegisterOrPair.AY -> {
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                                    sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+                                    ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+                                    beq  +
+                                    lda  #0
+                                    tay
+                                    beq  ++
+        +                           lda  #1
+        +""")
+                            }
+                            RegisterOrPair.XY -> {
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                                    stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+                                    tya
+                                    ora  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+                                    beq  +
+                                    ldy  #0
+                                    ldx  #0
+                                    beq  ++
+        +                           ldx  #1
+        +""")
+                            }
+                            in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> throw AssemblyError("cx16 virtual regs should be variables, not real registers")
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid reg dt for word not")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("no asm gen for word stack not")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for in-place not of uword for ${target.kind}")
                 }
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("boolean-not of invalid type")
         }
     }
 
-    private fun inplaceInvert(target: AsmAssignTarget, dt: DataType) {
+    internal fun inplaceInvert(target: AsmAssignTarget, dt: DataType) {
         when (dt) {
             DataType.UBYTE -> {
                 when (target.kind) {
@@ -1812,9 +1947,16 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place invert ubyte array")
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg invert")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack invert")
+                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
+                        when(target.register!!) {
+                            RegisterOrPair.A -> asmgen.out("  eor  #255")
+                            RegisterOrPair.X -> asmgen.out("  txa |  eor  #255 |  tax")
+                            RegisterOrPair.Y -> asmgen.out("  tya |  eor  #255 |  tay")
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid reg dt for byte invert")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("no asm gen for byte stack invert")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for in-place invert ubyte for ${target.kind}")
                 }
             }
             DataType.UWORD -> {
@@ -1828,17 +1970,24 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             eor  #255
                             sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1""")
                     }
-                    TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for uword-memory invert")
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place invert uword array")
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg invert")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack invert")
+                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
+                        when(target.register!!) {
+                            RegisterOrPair.AX -> asmgen.out("  pha |  txa |  eor  #255 |  tax |  pla |  eor  #255")
+                            RegisterOrPair.AY -> asmgen.out("  pha |  tya |  eor  #255 |  tay |  pla |  eor  #255")
+                            RegisterOrPair.XY -> asmgen.out("  txa |  eor  #255 |  tax |  tya |  eor  #255 |  tay")
+                            in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> throw AssemblyError("cx16 virtual regs should be variables, not real registers")
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid reg dt for word invert")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("no asm gen for word stack invert")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for in-place invert uword for ${target.kind}")
                 }
             }
             else -> throw AssemblyError("invert of invalid type")
         }
     }
 
-    private fun inplaceNegate(target: AsmAssignTarget, dt: DataType) {
+    internal fun inplaceNegate(target: AsmAssignTarget, dt: DataType) {
         when (dt) {
             DataType.BYTE -> {
                 when (target.kind) {
@@ -1849,10 +1998,23 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             sbc  ${target.asmVarname}
                             sta  ${target.asmVarname}""")
                     }
-                    TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> throw AssemblyError("can't in-place negate memory ubyte")
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place negate byte array")
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg negate")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack negate")
+                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
+                        when(target.register!!) {
+                            RegisterOrPair.A -> {
+                                if(asmgen.isTargetCpu(CpuType.CPU65c02))
+                                    asmgen.out("  eor  #255 |  ina")
+                                else
+                                    asmgen.out("  eor  #255 |  clc |  adc  #1")
+
+                            }
+                            RegisterOrPair.X -> asmgen.out("  txa |  eor  #255 |  tax |  inx")
+                            RegisterOrPair.Y -> asmgen.out("  tya |  eor  #255 |  tay |  iny")
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid reg dt for byte negate")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> throw AssemblyError("memory is ubyte, can't in-place negate")
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("no asm gen for byte stack negate")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for in-place negate byte")
                 }
             }
             DataType.WORD -> {
@@ -1867,10 +2029,52 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             sbc  ${target.asmVarname}+1
                             sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1""")
                     }
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place negate word array")
-                    TargetStorageKind.MEMORY -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for word memory negate")
-                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for reg negate")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack negate")
+                    TargetStorageKind.REGISTER -> {
+                        when(target.register!!) { //P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+                            RegisterOrPair.AX -> {
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                                    sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+                                    stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG+1
+                                    lda  #0
+                                    sec
+                                    sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+                                    pha
+                                    lda  #0
+                                    sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG+1
+                                    tax
+                                    pla""")
+                            }
+                            RegisterOrPair.AY -> {
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                                    sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+                                    sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG+1
+                                    lda  #0
+                                    sec
+                                    sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+                                    pha
+                                    lda  #0
+                                    sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG+1
+                                    tay
+                                    pla""")
+                            }
+                            RegisterOrPair.XY -> {
+                                asmgen.out("""
+                                    stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+                                    sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG+1
+                                    lda  #0
+                                    sec
+                                    sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
+                                    tax
+                                    lda  #0
+                                    sbc  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG+1
+                                    tay""")
+                            }
+                            in Cx16VirtualRegisters -> throw AssemblyError("cx16 virtual regs should be variables, not real registers")
+                            else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid reg dt for word neg")
+                        }
+                    }
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("no asm gen for word stack negate")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("no asm gen for in-place negate word")
                 }
             }
             DataType.FLOAT -> {
@@ -1883,12 +2087,11 @@ internal class AugmentableAssignmentAsmGen(private val program: Program,
                             sta  ${target.asmVarname}+1
                         """)
                     }
-                    TargetStorageKind.ARRAY -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for in-place negate float array")
-                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> throw AssemblyError("missing codegen for stack float negate")
-                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target kind for float")
+                    TargetStorageKind.STACK -> TODO("no asm gen for stack float negate")
+                    else -> throw AssemblyError("weird target kind for inplace negate float ${target.kind}")
                 }
             }
-            else -> throw AssemblyError("negate of invalid type")
+            else -> throw AssemblyError("negate of invalid type $dt")
         }
     }
 

codeGeneration/src/prog8/compiler/target/cx16/CX16MachineDefinition.kt

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 package prog8.compiler.target.cx16
 
-import prog8.compiler.*
-import prog8.compiler.target.CpuType
-import prog8.compiler.target.IMachineDefinition
 import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition
 import prog8.compiler.target.cbm.viceMonListPostfix
+import prog8.compilerinterface.*
 import java.io.IOException
 import java.nio.file.Path
 
-internal object CX16MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
+
+object CX16MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
 
     override val cpu = CpuType.CPU65c02
 
@@ -17,12 +16,12 @@ internal object CX16MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
     override val FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE = -1.7014118345e+38        // bytes: 255,255,255,255,255
     override val FLOAT_MEM_SIZE = 5
     override val POINTER_MEM_SIZE = 2
-    override val BASIC_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x0801
-    override val RAW_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x8000
+    override val BASIC_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x0801u
+    override val RAW_LOAD_ADDRESS = 0x8000u
 
     // the 2*256 byte evaluation stack (on which bytes, words, and even floats are stored during calculations)
-    override val ESTACK_LO = 0x0400        //  $0400-$04ff inclusive
-    override val ESTACK_HI = 0x0500        //  $0500-$05ff inclusive
+    override val ESTACK_LO = 0x0400u        //  $0400-$04ff inclusive
+    override val ESTACK_HI = 0x0500u        //  $0500-$05ff inclusive
 
     override lateinit var zeropage: Zeropage
 
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ internal object CX16MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
         }
     }
 
-    override fun isRegularRAMaddress(address: Int): Boolean = address < 0x9f00 || address in 0xa000..0xbfff
+    override fun isIOAddress(address: UInt): Boolean = address==0u || address==1u || address in 0x9f00u..0x9fffu
 
     override fun initializeZeropage(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
         zeropage = CX16Zeropage(compilerOptions)
@@ -88,47 +87,38 @@ internal object CX16MachineDefinition: IMachineDefinition {
             "rmb", "smb", "stp", "wai")
 
 
-    internal class CX16Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
+    class CX16Zeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
 
-        override val SCRATCH_B1 = 0x7a      // temp storage for a single byte
-        override val SCRATCH_REG = 0x7b     // temp storage for a register, must be B1+1
-        override val SCRATCH_W1 = 0x7c      // temp storage 1 for a word  $7c+$7d
-        override val SCRATCH_W2 = 0x7e      // temp storage 2 for a word  $7e+$7f
+        override val SCRATCH_B1 = 0x7au      // temp storage for a single byte
+        override val SCRATCH_REG = 0x7bu     // temp storage for a register, must be B1+1
+        override val SCRATCH_W1 = 0x7cu      // temp storage 1 for a word  $7c+$7d
+        override val SCRATCH_W2 = 0x7eu      // temp storage 2 for a word  $7e+$7f
 
 
         init {
             if (options.floats && options.zeropage !in arrayOf(ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE ))
-                throw CompilerException("when floats are enabled, zero page type should be 'basicsafe' or 'dontuse'")
+                throw InternalCompilerException("when floats are enabled, zero page type should be 'basicsafe' or 'dontuse'")
 
             // the addresses 0x02 to 0x21 (inclusive) are taken for sixteen virtual 16-bit api registers.
 
             when (options.zeropage) {
                 ZeropageType.FULL -> {
-                    free.addAll(0x22..0xff)
-                    free.removeAll(listOf(SCRATCH_B1, SCRATCH_REG, SCRATCH_W1, SCRATCH_W1 + 1, SCRATCH_W2, SCRATCH_W2 + 1))
+                    free.addAll(0x22u..0xffu)
                 }
                 ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE -> {
-                    free.addAll(0x22..0x7f)
-                    free.addAll(0xa9..0xff)
-                    free.removeAll(listOf(SCRATCH_B1, SCRATCH_REG, SCRATCH_W1, SCRATCH_W1 + 1, SCRATCH_W2, SCRATCH_W2 + 1))
+                    free.addAll(0x22u..0x7fu)
+                    free.addAll(0xa9u..0xffu)
                 }
                 ZeropageType.BASICSAFE -> {
-                    free.addAll(0x22..0x7f)
-                    free.removeAll(listOf(SCRATCH_B1, SCRATCH_REG, SCRATCH_W1, SCRATCH_W1 + 1, SCRATCH_W2, SCRATCH_W2 + 1))
+                    free.addAll(0x22u..0x7fu)
                 }
                 ZeropageType.DONTUSE -> {
                     free.clear() // don't use zeropage at all
                 }
-                else -> throw CompilerException("for this machine target, zero page type 'floatsafe' is not available. ${options.zeropage}")
+                else -> throw InternalCompilerException("for this machine target, zero page type 'floatsafe' is not available. ${options.zeropage}")
             }
 
-            require(SCRATCH_B1 !in free)
-            require(SCRATCH_REG !in free)
-            require(SCRATCH_W1 !in free)
-            require(SCRATCH_W2 !in free)
-
-            for (reserved in options.zpReserved)
-                reserve(reserved)
+            removeReservedFromFreePool()
         }
     }
 }

codeGeneration/test/AsmGenSymbolsTests.kt

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-package prog8tests
+package prog8tests.asmgen
 
-import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat
-import org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance
+import io.kotest.assertions.withClue
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.StringSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
 import prog8.ast.Module
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
@@ -11,31 +10,30 @@ import prog8.ast.expressions.AddressOf
 import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
 import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
-import prog8.compiler.*
 import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
 import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition
 import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.AsmGen
+import prog8.compilerinterface.*
 import prog8.parser.SourceCode
-import prog8tests.helpers.DummyFunctions
-import prog8tests.helpers.DummyMemsizer
+import prog8tests.asmgen.helpers.DummyFunctions
+import prog8tests.asmgen.helpers.DummyMemsizer
+import prog8tests.asmgen.helpers.DummyStringEncoder
+import prog8tests.asmgen.helpers.ErrorReporterForTests
 import java.nio.file.Path
 
-
-@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
-class TestAsmGen6502 {
-
-    private fun createTestProgram(): Program {
+class AsmGenSymbolsTests: StringSpec({
+    fun createTestProgram(): Program {
         /*
-main  {
+    main  {
 
-label_outside:
+    label_outside:
     uword var_outside
 
     sub start () {
         uword localvar = 1234
         uword tgt
 
-locallabel:
+    locallabel:
         tgt = localvar
         tgt = &locallabel
         tgt = &var_outside
@@ -45,11 +43,11 @@ locallabel:
         tgt = &main.var_outside
         tgt = &main.label_outside
     }
-}
+    }
 
          */
-        val varInSub = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, DataType.UWORD, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "localvar", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(1234, Position.DUMMY), false, false, false, Position.DUMMY)
-        val var2InSub = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, DataType.UWORD, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "tgt", null, false, false, false, Position.DUMMY)
+        val varInSub = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, DataType.UWORD, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "localvar", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(1234, Position.DUMMY), false, false, false, null, Position.DUMMY)
+        val var2InSub = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, DataType.UWORD, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "tgt", null, false, false, false, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val labelInSub = Label("locallabel", Position.DUMMY)
 
         val tgt = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf("tgt"), Position.DUMMY), null, null, Position.DUMMY)
@@ -63,84 +61,112 @@ locallabel:
         val assign8 = Assignment(tgt, AddressOf(IdentifierReference(listOf("main","label_outside"), Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
 
         val statements = mutableListOf(varInSub, var2InSub, labelInSub, assign1, assign2, assign3, assign4, assign5, assign6, assign7, assign8)
-        val subroutine = Subroutine("start", emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, statements, Position.DUMMY)
+        val subroutine = Subroutine("start", mutableListOf(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, statements, Position.DUMMY)
         val labelInBlock = Label("label_outside", Position.DUMMY)
-        val varInBlock = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, DataType.UWORD, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "var_outside", null, false, false, false, Position.DUMMY)
+        val varInBlock = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, DataType.UWORD, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "var_outside", null, false, false, false, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val block = Block("main", null, mutableListOf(labelInBlock, varInBlock, subroutine), false, Position.DUMMY)
 
         val module = Module(mutableListOf(block), Position.DUMMY, SourceCode.Generated("test"))
-        val program = Program("test", DummyFunctions, DummyMemsizer)
+        val program = Program("test", DummyFunctions, DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
             .addModule(module)
-        module.linkIntoProgram(program)
         return program
     }
 
-    private fun createTestAsmGen(program: Program): AsmGen {
-        val errors = ErrorReporter()
+    fun createTestAsmGen(program: Program): AsmGen {
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
         val options = CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, true, C64Target)
         val zp = C64MachineDefinition.C64Zeropage(options)
         val asmgen = AsmGen(program, errors, zp, options, C64Target, Path.of(""))
         return asmgen
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testSymbolNameFromStrings() {
+    "symbol and variable names from strings" {
         val program = createTestProgram()
         val asmgen = createTestAsmGen(program)
-
-        assertThat(asmgen.asmSymbolName("name"), equalTo("name"))
-        assertThat(asmgen.asmSymbolName("<name>"), equalTo("prog8_name"))
-        assertThat(asmgen.asmSymbolName(RegisterOrPair.R15), equalTo("cx16.r15"))
-        assertThat(asmgen.asmSymbolName(listOf("a", "b", "name")), equalTo("a.b.name"))
-        assertThat(asmgen.asmVariableName("name"), equalTo("name"))
-        assertThat(asmgen.asmVariableName("<name>"), equalTo("prog8_name"))
-        assertThat(asmgen.asmVariableName(listOf("a", "b", "name")), equalTo("a.b.name"))
+        asmgen.asmSymbolName("name") shouldBe "name"
+        asmgen.asmSymbolName("name") shouldBe "name"
+        asmgen.asmSymbolName("<name>") shouldBe "prog8_name"
+        asmgen.asmSymbolName(RegisterOrPair.R15) shouldBe "cx16.r15"
+        asmgen.asmSymbolName(listOf("a", "b", "name")) shouldBe "a.b.name"
+        asmgen.asmVariableName("name") shouldBe "name"
+        asmgen.asmVariableName("<name>") shouldBe "prog8_name"
+        asmgen.asmVariableName(listOf("a", "b", "name")) shouldBe "a.b.name"
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testSymbolNameFromVarIdentifier() {
+    "symbol and variable names from variable identifiers" {
         val program = createTestProgram()
         val asmgen = createTestAsmGen(program)
         val sub = program.entrypoint
 
         // local variable
         val localvarIdent = sub.statements.filterIsInstance<Assignment>().first { it.value is IdentifierReference }.value as IdentifierReference
-        assertThat(asmgen.asmSymbolName(localvarIdent), equalTo("localvar"))
-        assertThat(asmgen.asmVariableName(localvarIdent), equalTo("localvar"))
+        asmgen.asmSymbolName(localvarIdent) shouldBe "localvar"
+        asmgen.asmVariableName(localvarIdent) shouldBe "localvar"
         val localvarIdentScoped = (sub.statements.filterIsInstance<Assignment>().first { (it.value as? AddressOf)?.identifier?.nameInSource==listOf("main", "start", "localvar") }.value as AddressOf).identifier
-        assertThat(asmgen.asmSymbolName(localvarIdentScoped), equalTo("main.start.localvar"))
-        assertThat(asmgen.asmVariableName(localvarIdentScoped), equalTo("main.start.localvar"))
+        asmgen.asmSymbolName(localvarIdentScoped) shouldBe "main.start.localvar"
+        asmgen.asmVariableName(localvarIdentScoped) shouldBe "main.start.localvar"
 
         // variable from outer scope (note that for Variables, no scoping prefix symbols are required,
         //   because they're not outputted as locally scoped symbols for the assembler
         val scopedVarIdent = (sub.statements.filterIsInstance<Assignment>().first { (it.value as? AddressOf)?.identifier?.nameInSource==listOf("var_outside") }.value as AddressOf).identifier
-        assertThat(asmgen.asmSymbolName(scopedVarIdent), equalTo("main.var_outside"))
-        assertThat(asmgen.asmVariableName(scopedVarIdent), equalTo("var_outside"))
+        asmgen.asmSymbolName(scopedVarIdent) shouldBe "main.var_outside"
+        asmgen.asmVariableName(scopedVarIdent) shouldBe "var_outside"
         val scopedVarIdentScoped = (sub.statements.filterIsInstance<Assignment>().first { (it.value as? AddressOf)?.identifier?.nameInSource==listOf("main", "var_outside") }.value as AddressOf).identifier
-        assertThat(asmgen.asmSymbolName(scopedVarIdentScoped), equalTo("main.var_outside"))
-        assertThat(asmgen.asmVariableName(scopedVarIdentScoped), equalTo("main.var_outside"))
+        asmgen.asmSymbolName(scopedVarIdentScoped) shouldBe "main.var_outside"
+        asmgen.asmVariableName(scopedVarIdentScoped) shouldBe "main.var_outside"
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testSymbolNameFromLabelIdentifier() {
+    "symbol and variable names from label identifiers" {
         val program = createTestProgram()
         val asmgen = createTestAsmGen(program)
         val sub = program.entrypoint
 
         // local label
         val localLabelIdent = (sub.statements.filterIsInstance<Assignment>().first { (it.value as? AddressOf)?.identifier?.nameInSource==listOf("locallabel") }.value as AddressOf).identifier
-        assertThat(asmgen.asmSymbolName(localLabelIdent), equalTo("_locallabel"))
-        assertThat("as a variable it uses different naming rules (no underscore prefix)", asmgen.asmVariableName(localLabelIdent), equalTo("locallabel"))
+        asmgen.asmSymbolName(localLabelIdent) shouldBe "_locallabel"
+        withClue("as a variable it uses different naming rules (no underscore prefix)") {
+            asmgen.asmVariableName(localLabelIdent) shouldBe "locallabel"
+        }
         val localLabelIdentScoped = (sub.statements.filterIsInstance<Assignment>().first { (it.value as? AddressOf)?.identifier?.nameInSource==listOf("main","start","locallabel") }.value as AddressOf).identifier
-        assertThat(asmgen.asmSymbolName(localLabelIdentScoped), equalTo("main.start._locallabel"))
-        assertThat("as a variable it uses different naming rules (no underscore prefix)", asmgen.asmVariableName(localLabelIdentScoped), equalTo("main.start.locallabel"))
+        asmgen.asmSymbolName(localLabelIdentScoped) shouldBe "main.start._locallabel"
+        withClue("as a variable it uses different naming rules (no underscore prefix)") {
+            asmgen.asmVariableName(localLabelIdentScoped) shouldBe "main.start.locallabel"
+        }
 
         // label from outer scope needs sope prefixes because it is outputted as a locally scoped symbol for the assembler
         val scopedLabelIdent = (sub.statements.filterIsInstance<Assignment>().first { (it.value as? AddressOf)?.identifier?.nameInSource==listOf("label_outside") }.value as AddressOf).identifier
-        assertThat(asmgen.asmSymbolName(scopedLabelIdent), equalTo("main._label_outside"))
-        assertThat("as a variable it uses different naming rules (no underscore prefix)", asmgen.asmVariableName(scopedLabelIdent), equalTo("label_outside"))
+        asmgen.asmSymbolName(scopedLabelIdent) shouldBe "main._label_outside"
+        withClue("as a variable it uses different naming rules (no underscore prefix)") {
+            asmgen.asmVariableName(scopedLabelIdent) shouldBe "label_outside"
+        }
         val scopedLabelIdentScoped = (sub.statements.filterIsInstance<Assignment>().first { (it.value as? AddressOf)?.identifier?.nameInSource==listOf("main","label_outside") }.value as AddressOf).identifier
-        assertThat(asmgen.asmSymbolName(scopedLabelIdentScoped), equalTo("main._label_outside"))
-        assertThat("as a variable it uses different naming rules (no underscore prefix)", asmgen.asmVariableName(scopedLabelIdentScoped), equalTo("main.label_outside"))
+        asmgen.asmSymbolName(scopedLabelIdentScoped) shouldBe "main._label_outside"
+        withClue("as a variable it uses different naming rules (no underscore prefix)") {
+            asmgen.asmVariableName(scopedLabelIdentScoped) shouldBe "main.label_outside"
+        }
     }
-}
+
+    "asm names for hooks to zp temp vars" {
+        /*
+main {
+
+    sub start() {
+        prog8_lib.P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG = 1
+        prog8_lib.P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1 = 1
+        prog8_lib.P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1 = 1
+        prog8_lib.P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2 = 1
+         */
+        val program = createTestProgram()
+        val asmgen = createTestAsmGen(program)
+        asmgen.asmSymbolName("prog8_lib.P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG") shouldBe "P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG"
+        asmgen.asmSymbolName("prog8_lib.P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2") shouldBe "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2"
+        asmgen.asmSymbolName(listOf("prog8_lib","P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG")) shouldBe "P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG"
+        asmgen.asmSymbolName(listOf("prog8_lib","P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2")) shouldBe "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2"
+        val id1 = IdentifierReference(listOf("prog8_lib","P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG"), Position.DUMMY)
+        id1.linkParents(program.toplevelModule)
+        val id2 = IdentifierReference(listOf("prog8_lib","P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2"), Position.DUMMY)
+        id2.linkParents(program.toplevelModule)
+        asmgen.asmSymbolName(id1) shouldBe "P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG"
+        asmgen.asmSymbolName(id2) shouldBe "P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2"
+    }
+})

codeGeneration/test/ProjectConfig.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package prog8tests.asmgen
+
+import io.kotest.core.config.AbstractProjectConfig
+import kotlin.math.max
+
+object ProjectConfig : AbstractProjectConfig() {
+    override val parallelism = max(2, Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() / 2)
+}

codeGeneration/test/helpers/Dummies.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package prog8tests.asmgen.helpers
+
+import prog8.ast.IBuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.ast.base.Position
+import prog8.ast.expressions.Expression
+import prog8.ast.expressions.InferredTypes
+import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IMemSizer
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IStringEncoding
+
+
+internal val DummyFunctions = object : IBuiltinFunctions {
+    override val names: Set<String> = emptySet()
+    override val purefunctionNames: Set<String> = emptySet()
+    override fun constValue(
+        name: String,
+        args: List<Expression>,
+        position: Position,
+    ): NumericLiteralValue? = null
+
+    override fun returnType(name: String, args: MutableList<Expression>) = InferredTypes.InferredType.unknown()
+}
+
+internal val DummyMemsizer = object : IMemSizer {
+    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType) = 0
+}
+
+internal val DummyStringEncoder = object : IStringEncoding {
+    override fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean): List<UByte> {
+        return emptyList()
+    }
+
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<UByte>, altEncoding: Boolean): String {
+        return ""
+    }
+}

codeGeneration/test/helpers/ErrorReporterForTests.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package prog8tests.asmgen.helpers
+
+import prog8.ast.base.Position
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IErrorReporter
+
+internal class ErrorReporterForTests(private val throwExceptionAtReportIfErrors: Boolean=true): IErrorReporter {
+
+
+    val errors = mutableListOf<String>()
+    val warnings = mutableListOf<String>()
+
+    override fun err(msg: String, position: Position) {
+        errors.add("${position.toClickableStr()} $msg")
+    }
+
+    override fun warn(msg: String, position: Position) {
+        warnings.add("${position.toClickableStr()} $msg")
+    }
+
+    override fun noErrors(): Boolean  = errors.isEmpty()
+
+    override fun report() {
+        warnings.forEach { println("UNITTEST COMPILATION REPORT: WARNING: $it") }
+        errors.forEach { println("UNITTEST COMPILATION REPORT: ERROR: $it") }
+        if(throwExceptionAtReportIfErrors)
+            finalizeNumErrors(errors.size, warnings.size)
+        errors.clear()
+        warnings.clear()
+    }
+}

codeOptimizers/build.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+
+plugins {
+    id 'java'
+    id 'application'
+    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm"
+}
+
+java {
+    toolchain {
+        languageVersion = JavaLanguageVersion.of(javaVersion)
+    }
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    implementation project(':compilerInterfaces')
+    implementation project(':compilerAst')
+    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8"
+    // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect"
+}
+
+sourceSets {
+    main {
+        java {
+            srcDirs = ["${project.projectDir}/src"]
+        }
+        resources {
+            srcDirs = ["${project.projectDir}/res"]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// note: there are no unit tests in this module!

codeOptimizers/codeOptimizers.iml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module type="JAVA_MODULE" version="4">
+  <component name="NewModuleRootManager" inherit-compiler-output="true">
+    <exclude-output />
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src" isTestSource="false" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/test" isTestSource="true" />
+      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build" />
+    </content>
+    <orderEntry type="jdk" jdkName="openjdk-11" jdkType="JavaSDK" />
+    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="KotlinJavaRuntime" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="compilerInterfaces" />
+    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="compilerAst" />
+  </component>
+</module>

codeOptimizers/readme-tests.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Unittests for things in this module are located in the Compiler module instead,
+for convenience sake, and to not spread the test cases around too much.

codeOptimizers/src/prog8/optimizer/BinExprSplitter.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+package prog8.optimizer
+
+import prog8.ast.IStatementContainer
+import prog8.ast.Node
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
+import prog8.ast.expressions.BinaryExpression
+import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
+import prog8.ast.expressions.TypecastExpression
+import prog8.ast.expressions.augmentAssignmentOperators
+import prog8.ast.statements.AssignTarget
+import prog8.ast.statements.Assignment
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
+import prog8.compilerinterface.CompilationOptions
+import prog8.compilerinterface.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8.compilerinterface.isIOAddress
+
+
+class BinExprSplitter(private val program: Program, private val options: CompilationOptions, private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget) : AstWalker() {
+
+    override fun after(assignment: Assignment, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+
+        if(assignment.value.inferType(program).istype(DataType.FLOAT) && !options.optimizeFloatExpressions)
+            return noModifications
+
+        val binExpr = assignment.value as? BinaryExpression
+        if (binExpr != null) {
+
+/*
+
+Reduce the complexity of a (binary) expression that has to be evaluated on the eval stack,
+by attempting to splitting it up into individual simple steps.
+We only consider a binary expression *one* level deep (so the operands must not be a combined expression)
+
+
+X =      BinExpr                                    X   =   LeftExpr
+        <operator>                                     followed by
+          /   \             IF 'X' not used         X   =   BinExpr
+         /     \             IN expression ==>             <operator>
+        /       \                                           /   \
+    LeftExpr.  RightExpr.                                  /     \
+                                                          X     RightExpr.
+
+
+ */
+            if(binExpr.operator in augmentAssignmentOperators && isSimpleTarget(assignment.target)) {
+                if(assignment.target isSameAs binExpr.right)
+                    return noModifications
+                if(assignment.target isSameAs binExpr.left) {
+                    if(binExpr.right.isSimple)
+                        return noModifications
+                    val leftBx = binExpr.left as? BinaryExpression
+                    if(leftBx!=null && (!leftBx.left.isSimple || !leftBx.right.isSimple))
+                        return noModifications
+                    val rightBx = binExpr.right as? BinaryExpression
+                    if(rightBx!=null && (!rightBx.left.isSimple || !rightBx.right.isSimple))
+                        return noModifications
+
+                      // TODO below attempts to remove stack-based evaluated expressions, but often the resulting code is BIGGER, and SLOWER.
+//                    val dt = assignment.target.inferType(program)
+//                    if(!dt.isInteger)
+//                        return noModifications
+//                    val tempVar = IdentifierReference(getTempVarName(dt), binExpr.right.position)
+//                    val assignTempVar = Assignment(
+//                        AssignTarget(tempVar, null, null, binExpr.right.position),
+//                        binExpr.right, binExpr.right.position
+//                    )
+//                    return listOf(
+//                        IAstModification.InsertBefore(assignment, assignTempVar, assignment.parent as IStatementContainer),
+//                        IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.right, tempVar.copy(), binExpr)
+//                    )
+                }
+
+                if(binExpr.right.isSimple) {
+                    val firstAssign = Assignment(assignment.target.copy(), binExpr.left, binExpr.left.position)
+                    val targetExpr = assignment.target.toExpression()
+                    val augExpr = BinaryExpression(targetExpr, binExpr.operator, binExpr.right, binExpr.right.position)
+                    return listOf(
+                        IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr, augExpr, assignment),
+                        IAstModification.InsertBefore(assignment, firstAssign, assignment.parent as IStatementContainer)
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+
+            // TODO further unraveling of binary expression trees into flat statements.
+            // however this should probably be done in a more generic way to also work on
+            // the expressiontrees that are not used in an assignment statement...
+        }
+
+        val typecast = assignment.value as? TypecastExpression
+        if(typecast!=null) {
+            val origExpr = typecast.expression as? BinaryExpression
+            if(origExpr!=null) {
+                // it's a typecast of a binary expression.
+                // we can see if we can unwrap the binary expression by working on a new temporary variable
+                // (that has the type of the expression), and then finally doing the typecast.
+                // Once it's outside the typecast, the regular splitting can commence.
+                val tempVar = when(val tempDt = origExpr.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE -> listOf("prog8_lib", "retval_interm_ub")
+                    DataType.BYTE -> listOf("prog8_lib", "retval_interm_b")
+                    DataType.UWORD -> listOf("prog8_lib", "retval_interm_uw")
+                    DataType.WORD -> listOf("prog8_lib", "retval_interm_w")
+                    DataType.FLOAT -> listOf("floats", "tempvar_swap_float")
+                    else -> throw FatalAstException("invalid dt $tempDt")
+                }
+                val assignTempVar = Assignment(
+                    AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(tempVar, typecast.position), null, null, typecast.position),
+                    typecast.expression, typecast.position
+                )
+                return listOf(
+                    IAstModification.InsertBefore(assignment, assignTempVar, parent as IStatementContainer),
+                    IAstModification.ReplaceNode(typecast.expression, IdentifierReference(tempVar, typecast.position), typecast)
+                )
+            }
+        }
+
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    private fun isSimpleTarget(target: AssignTarget) =
+            if (target.identifier!=null || target.memoryAddress!=null)
+                !target.isIOAddress(compTarget.machine)
+            else
+                false
+
+}

codeOptimizers/src/prog8/optimizer/ConstExprEvaluator.kt

@@ -46,14 +46,14 @@ class ConstExprEvaluator {
                     left.number.toInt().ushr(amount.number.toInt())
                 else
                     left.number.toInt().shr(amount.number.toInt())
-        return NumericLiteralValue(left.type, result, left.position)
+        return NumericLiteralValue(left.type, result.toDouble(), left.position)
     }
 
     private fun shiftedleft(left: NumericLiteralValue, amount: NumericLiteralValue): Expression {
         if(left.type !in IntegerDatatypes || amount.type !in IntegerDatatypes)
             throw ExpressionError("cannot compute $left << $amount", left.position)
         val result = left.number.toInt().shl(amount.number.toInt())
-        return NumericLiteralValue(left.type, result, left.position)
+        return NumericLiteralValue(left.type, result.toDouble(), left.position)
     }
 
     private fun logicalxor(left: NumericLiteralValue, right: NumericLiteralValue): NumericLiteralValue {
@@ -61,12 +61,12 @@ class ConstExprEvaluator {
         return when (left.type) {
             in IntegerDatatypes -> when (right.type) {
                 in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean((left.number.toInt() != 0) xor (right.number.toInt() != 0), left.position)
-                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean((left.number.toInt() != 0) xor (right.number.toDouble() != 0.0), left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean((left.number.toInt() != 0) xor (right.number != 0.0), left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             DataType.FLOAT -> when (right.type) {
-                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean((left.number.toDouble() != 0.0) xor (right.number.toInt() != 0), left.position)
-                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean((left.number.toDouble() != 0.0) xor (right.number.toDouble() != 0.0), left.position)
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean((left.number != 0.0) xor (right.number.toInt() != 0), left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean((left.number != 0.0) xor (right.number != 0.0), left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
@@ -78,12 +78,12 @@ class ConstExprEvaluator {
         return when (left.type) {
             in IntegerDatatypes -> when (right.type) {
                 in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number.toInt() != 0 || right.number.toInt() != 0, left.position)
-                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number.toInt() != 0 || right.number.toDouble() != 0.0, left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number.toInt() != 0 || right.number != 0.0, left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             DataType.FLOAT -> when (right.type) {
-                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number.toDouble() != 0.0 || right.number.toInt() != 0, left.position)
-                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number.toDouble() != 0.0 || right.number.toDouble() != 0.0, left.position)
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number != 0.0 || right.number.toInt() != 0, left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number != 0.0 || right.number != 0.0, left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
@@ -95,12 +95,12 @@ class ConstExprEvaluator {
         return when (left.type) {
             in IntegerDatatypes -> when (right.type) {
                 in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number.toInt() != 0 && right.number.toInt() != 0, left.position)
-                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number.toInt() != 0 && right.number.toDouble() != 0.0, left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number.toInt() != 0 && right.number != 0.0, left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             DataType.FLOAT -> when (right.type) {
-                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number.toDouble() != 0.0 && right.number.toInt() != 0, left.position)
-                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number.toDouble() != 0.0 && right.number.toDouble() != 0.0, left.position)
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number != 0.0 && right.number.toInt() != 0, left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(left.number != 0.0 && right.number != 0.0, left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
@@ -110,11 +110,11 @@ class ConstExprEvaluator {
     private fun bitwisexor(left: NumericLiteralValue, right: NumericLiteralValue): NumericLiteralValue {
         if(left.type== DataType.UBYTE) {
             if(right.type in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, (left.number.toInt() xor (right.number.toInt() and 255)).toShort(), left.position)
+                return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, (left.number.toInt() xor (right.number.toInt() and 255)).toDouble(), left.position)
             }
         } else if(left.type== DataType.UWORD) {
             if(right.type in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, left.number.toInt() xor right.number.toInt(), left.position)
+                return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, (left.number.toInt() xor right.number.toInt()).toDouble(), left.position)
             }
         }
         throw ExpressionError("cannot calculate $left ^ $right", left.position)
@@ -123,11 +123,11 @@ class ConstExprEvaluator {
     private fun bitwiseor(left: NumericLiteralValue, right: NumericLiteralValue): NumericLiteralValue {
         if(left.type== DataType.UBYTE) {
             if(right.type in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, (left.number.toInt() or (right.number.toInt() and 255)).toShort(), left.position)
+                return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, (left.number.toInt() or (right.number.toInt() and 255)).toDouble(), left.position)
             }
         } else if(left.type== DataType.UWORD) {
             if(right.type in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, left.number.toInt() or right.number.toInt(), left.position)
+                return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, (left.number.toInt() or right.number.toInt()).toDouble(), left.position)
             }
         }
         throw ExpressionError("cannot calculate $left | $right", left.position)
@@ -136,11 +136,11 @@ class ConstExprEvaluator {
     private fun bitwiseand(left: NumericLiteralValue, right: NumericLiteralValue): NumericLiteralValue {
         if(left.type== DataType.UBYTE) {
             if(right.type in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, (left.number.toInt() and (right.number.toInt() and 255)).toShort(), left.position)
+                return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, (left.number.toInt() and (right.number.toInt() and 255)).toDouble(), left.position)
             }
         } else if(left.type== DataType.UWORD) {
             if(right.type in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, left.number.toInt() and right.number.toInt(), left.position)
+                return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, (left.number.toInt() and right.number.toInt()).toDouble(), left.position)
             }
         }
         throw ExpressionError("cannot calculate $left & $right", left.position)
@@ -151,12 +151,12 @@ class ConstExprEvaluator {
         return when (left.type) {
             in IntegerDatatypes -> when (right.type) {
                 in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.optimalNumeric(left.number.toInt().toDouble().pow(right.number.toInt()), left.position)
-                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toInt().toDouble().pow(right.number.toDouble()), left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toInt().toDouble().pow(right.number), left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             DataType.FLOAT -> when (right.type) {
-                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble().pow(right.number.toInt()), left.position)
-                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble().pow(right.number.toDouble()), left.position)
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.pow(right.number.toInt()), left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.pow(right.number), left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
@@ -168,12 +168,12 @@ class ConstExprEvaluator {
         return when (left.type) {
             in IntegerDatatypes -> when (right.type) {
                 in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(left.number.toInt() + right.number.toInt(), left.position)
-                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toInt() + right.number.toDouble(), left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toInt() + right.number, left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             DataType.FLOAT -> when (right.type) {
-                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble() + right.number.toInt(), left.position)
-                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble() + right.number.toDouble(), left.position)
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number + right.number.toInt(), left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number + right.number, left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
@@ -185,12 +185,12 @@ class ConstExprEvaluator {
         return when (left.type) {
             in IntegerDatatypes -> when (right.type) {
                 in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(left.number.toInt() - right.number.toInt(), left.position)
-                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toInt() - right.number.toDouble(), left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toInt() - right.number, left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             DataType.FLOAT -> when (right.type) {
-                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble() - right.number.toInt(), left.position)
-                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble() - right.number.toDouble(), left.position)
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number - right.number.toInt(), left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number - right.number, left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
@@ -202,12 +202,12 @@ class ConstExprEvaluator {
         return when (left.type) {
             in IntegerDatatypes -> when (right.type) {
                 in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(left.number.toInt() * right.number.toInt(), left.position)
-                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toInt() * right.number.toDouble(), left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toInt() * right.number, left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             DataType.FLOAT -> when (right.type) {
-                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble() * right.number.toInt(), left.position)
-                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble() * right.number.toDouble(), left.position)
+                in IntegerDatatypes -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number * right.number.toInt(), left.position)
+                DataType.FLOAT -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number * right.number, left.position)
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
@@ -227,19 +227,19 @@ class ConstExprEvaluator {
                     NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(result, left.position)
                 }
                 DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                    if(right.number.toDouble()==0.0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
-                    NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toInt() / right.number.toDouble(), left.position)
+                    if(right.number==0.0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
+                    NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toInt() / right.number, left.position)
                 }
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             DataType.FLOAT -> when (right.type) {
                 in IntegerDatatypes -> {
                     if(right.number.toInt()==0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
-                    NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble() / right.number.toInt(), left.position)
+                    NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number / right.number.toInt(), left.position)
                 }
                 DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                    if(right.number.toDouble()==0.0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
-                    NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble() / right.number.toDouble(), left.position)
+                    if(right.number ==0.0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
+                    NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number / right.number, left.position)
                 }
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
@@ -256,19 +256,19 @@ class ConstExprEvaluator {
                     NumericLiteralValue.optimalNumeric(left.number.toInt().toDouble() % right.number.toInt().toDouble(), left.position)
                 }
                 DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                    if(right.number.toDouble()==0.0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
-                    NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toInt() % right.number.toDouble(), left.position)
+                    if(right.number ==0.0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
+                    NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toInt() % right.number, left.position)
                 }
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }
             DataType.FLOAT -> when (right.type) {
                 in IntegerDatatypes -> {
                     if(right.number.toInt()==0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
-                    NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble() % right.number.toInt(), left.position)
+                    NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number % right.number.toInt(), left.position)
                 }
                 DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                    if(right.number.toDouble()==0.0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
-                    NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number.toDouble() % right.number.toDouble(), left.position)
+                    if(right.number ==0.0) divideByZeroError(right.position)
+                    NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, left.number % right.number, left.position)
                 }
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(error, left.position)
             }

codeOptimizers/src/prog8/optimizer/ConstantFoldingOptimizer.kt

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
 import kotlin.math.pow
 
 
-internal class ConstantFoldingOptimizer(private val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
+class ConstantFoldingOptimizer(private val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
 
     override fun before(memread: DirectMemoryRead, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         // @( &thing )  -->  thing
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ internal class ConstantFoldingOptimizer(private val program: Program) : AstWalke
                     }
                     DataType.FLOAT -> {
                         listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr,
-                                NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, -subexpr.number.toDouble(), subexpr.position),
+                                NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, -subexpr.number, subexpr.position),
                                 parent))
                     }
                     else -> throw ExpressionError("can only take negative of int or float", subexpr.position)
@@ -48,29 +48,29 @@ internal class ConstantFoldingOptimizer(private val program: Program) : AstWalke
                 "~" -> when (subexpr.type) {
                     DataType.BYTE -> {
                         listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr,
-                                NumericLiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, subexpr.number.toInt().inv(), subexpr.position),
+                                NumericLiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, subexpr.number.toInt().inv().toDouble(), subexpr.position),
                                 parent))
                     }
                     DataType.UBYTE -> {
                         listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr,
-                                NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, subexpr.number.toInt().inv() and 255, subexpr.position),
+                                NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, (subexpr.number.toInt().inv() and 255).toDouble(), subexpr.position),
                                 parent))
                     }
                     DataType.WORD -> {
                         listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr,
-                                NumericLiteralValue(DataType.WORD, subexpr.number.toInt().inv(), subexpr.position),
+                                NumericLiteralValue(DataType.WORD, subexpr.number.toInt().inv().toDouble(), subexpr.position),
                                 parent))
                     }
                     DataType.UWORD -> {
                         listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr,
-                                NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, subexpr.number.toInt().inv() and 65535, subexpr.position),
+                                NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, (subexpr.number.toInt().inv() and 65535).toDouble(), subexpr.position),
                                 parent))
                     }
                     else -> throw ExpressionError("can only take bitwise inversion of int", subexpr.position)
                 }
                 "not" -> {
                     listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr,
-                            NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(subexpr.number.toDouble() == 0.0, subexpr.position),
+                            NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(subexpr.number == 0.0, subexpr.position),
                             parent))
                 }
                 else -> throw ExpressionError(expr.operator, subexpr.position)
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ internal class ConstantFoldingOptimizer(private val program: Program) : AstWalke
         return noModifications
     }
 
-    /**
+    /*
      * Try to constfold a binary expression.
      * Compile-time constant sub expressions will be evaluated on the spot.
      * For instance, "9 * (4 + 2)" will be optimized into the integer literal 54.
@@ -101,23 +101,50 @@ internal class ConstantFoldingOptimizer(private val program: Program) : AstWalke
         val rightconst = expr.right.constValue(program)
         val modifications = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
 
+        if(expr.operator=="==" && rightconst!=null) {
+            val leftExpr = expr.left as? BinaryExpression
+            if(leftExpr!=null) {
+                val leftRightConst = leftExpr.right.constValue(program)
+                if(leftRightConst!=null) {
+                    when (leftExpr.operator) {
+                        "+" -> {
+                            // X + С1 == C2  -->  X == C2 - C1
+                            val newRightConst = NumericLiteralValue(rightconst.type, rightconst.number - leftRightConst.number, rightconst.position)
+                            return listOf(
+                                IAstModification.ReplaceNode(leftExpr, leftExpr.left, expr),
+                                IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.right, newRightConst, expr)
+                            )
+                        }
+                        "-" -> {
+                            // X - С1 == C2  -->  X == C2 + C1
+                            val newRightConst = NumericLiteralValue(rightconst.type, rightconst.number + leftRightConst.number, rightconst.position)
+                            return listOf(
+                                IAstModification.ReplaceNode(leftExpr, leftExpr.left, expr),
+                                IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.right, newRightConst, expr)
+                            )
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         if(expr.operator == "**" && leftconst!=null) {
             // optimize various simple cases of ** :
             //  optimize away 1 ** x into just 1 and 0 ** x into just 0
             //  optimize 2 ** x into (1<<x)  if both operands are integer.
             val leftDt = leftconst.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
-            when (leftconst.number.toDouble()) {
+            when (leftconst.number) {
                 0.0 -> {
-                    val value = NumericLiteralValue(leftDt, 0, expr.position)
+                    val value = NumericLiteralValue(leftDt, 0.0, expr.position)
                     modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, value, parent)
                 }
                 1.0 -> {
-                    val value = NumericLiteralValue(leftDt, 1, expr.position)
+                    val value = NumericLiteralValue(leftDt, 1.0, expr.position)
                     modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, value, parent)
                 }
                 2.0 -> {
                     if(rightconst!=null) {
-                        val value = NumericLiteralValue(leftDt, 2.0.pow(rightconst.number.toDouble()), expr.position)
+                        val value = NumericLiteralValue(leftDt, 2.0.pow(rightconst.number), expr.position)
                         modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, value, parent)
                     } else {
                         val rightDt = expr.right.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
@@ -128,7 +155,7 @@ internal class ConstantFoldingOptimizer(private val program: Program) : AstWalke
                                     is VarDecl -> parent.datatype
                                     else -> leftDt
                                 }
-                            val one = NumericLiteralValue(targetDt, 1, expr.position)
+                            val one = NumericLiteralValue(targetDt, 1.0, expr.position)
                             val shift = BinaryExpression(one, "<<", expr.right, expr.position)
                             modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, shift, parent)
                         }
@@ -159,13 +186,52 @@ internal class ConstantFoldingOptimizer(private val program: Program) : AstWalke
             }
         }
 
+        val evaluator = ConstExprEvaluator()
+
         // const fold when both operands are a const
         if(leftconst != null && rightconst != null) {
-            val evaluator = ConstExprEvaluator()
             val result = evaluator.evaluate(leftconst, expr.operator, rightconst)
             modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, result, parent)
         }
 
+
+        val leftBinExpr = expr.left as? BinaryExpression
+        val rightBinExpr = expr.right as? BinaryExpression
+        if(expr.operator=="+" || expr.operator=="-") {
+            if(leftBinExpr!=null && rightBinExpr!=null) {
+                val c1 = leftBinExpr.right.constValue(program)
+                val c2 = rightBinExpr.right.constValue(program)
+                if(leftBinExpr.operator=="+" && rightBinExpr.operator=="+") {
+                    if (c1 != null && c2 != null) {
+                        // (X + C1) <plusmin> (Y + C2)  =>  (X <plusmin> Y) + (C1 <plusmin> C2)
+                        val c3 = evaluator.evaluate(c1, expr.operator, c2)
+                        val xwithy = BinaryExpression(leftBinExpr.left, expr.operator, rightBinExpr.left, expr.position)
+                        val newExpr = BinaryExpression(xwithy, "+", c3, expr.position)
+                        modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, newExpr, parent)
+                    }
+                }
+                else if(leftBinExpr.operator=="-" && rightBinExpr.operator=="-") {
+                    if (c1 != null && c2 != null) {
+                        // (X - C1) <plusmin> (Y - C2)  =>  (X <plusmin> Y) - (C1 <plusmin> C2)
+                        val c3 = evaluator.evaluate(c1, expr.operator, c2)
+                        val xwithy = BinaryExpression(leftBinExpr.left, expr.operator, rightBinExpr.left, expr.position)
+                        val newExpr = BinaryExpression(xwithy, "-", c3, expr.position)
+                        modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, newExpr, parent)
+                    }
+                }
+                else if(leftBinExpr.operator=="*" && rightBinExpr.operator=="*"){
+                    if (c1 != null && c2 != null && c1==c2) {
+                        //(X * C) <plusmin> (Y * C)  =>  (X <plusmin> Y) * C
+                        val xwithy = BinaryExpression(leftBinExpr.left, expr.operator, rightBinExpr.left, expr.position)
+                        val newExpr = BinaryExpression(xwithy, "*", c1, expr.position)
+                        modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, newExpr, parent)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+
+
         return modifications
     }
 

codeOptimizers/src/prog8/optimizer/ConstantIdentifierReplacer.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 package prog8.optimizer
 
-import prog8.ast.INameScope
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
@@ -8,58 +7,45 @@ import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
 import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
-import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
-import prog8.compiler.astprocessing.size
-import prog8.compiler.astprocessing.toConstantIntegerRange
-import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8.compilerinterface.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compilerinterface.size
+import prog8.compilerinterface.toConstantIntegerRange
 
 // Fix up the literal value's type to match that of the vardecl
 //   (also check range literal operands types before they get expanded into arrays for instance)
-internal class VarConstantValueTypeAdjuster(private val program: Program, private val errors: IErrorReporter) : AstWalker() {
+class VarConstantValueTypeAdjuster(private val program: Program, private val errors: IErrorReporter) : AstWalker() {
 
     override fun after(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+
+        if(decl.parent is AnonymousScope)
+            throw FatalAstException("vardecl may no longer occur in anonymousscope")
+
         try {
             val declConstValue = decl.value?.constValue(program)
             if(declConstValue!=null && (decl.type==VarDeclType.VAR || decl.type==VarDeclType.CONST)
-                && declConstValue.inferType(program) isnot decl.datatype) {
-                // cast the numeric literal to the appropriate datatype of the variable
-                val cast = declConstValue.cast(decl.datatype)
-                if(cast.isValid)
-                    return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(decl.value!!, cast.valueOrZero(), decl))
+                && declConstValue.type != decl.datatype) {
+                // avoid silent float roundings
+                if(decl.datatype in IntegerDatatypes && declConstValue.type==DataType.FLOAT) {
+                    errors.err("refused silent rounding of float to avoid loss of precision", decl.value!!.position)
+                } else {
+                    // cast the numeric literal to the appropriate datatype of the variable
+                    val cast = declConstValue.cast(decl.datatype)
+                    if (cast.isValid)
+                        return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(decl.value!!, cast.valueOrZero(), decl))
+                }
             }
         } catch (x: UndefinedSymbolError) {
             errors.err(x.message, x.position)
         }
 
-        // move vardecl to the containing subroutine and add initialization assignment in its place if needed
-        if(decl.type == VarDeclType.VAR && decl.datatype in NumericDatatypes) {
-            val subroutine = decl.definingSubroutine as? INameScope
-            if(subroutine!=null && subroutine!==parent) {
-                val declValue = decl.value
-                decl.value = null
-                decl.allowInitializeWithZero = false
-                return if (declValue == null) {
-                    listOf(
-                        IAstModification.Remove(decl, parent as INameScope),
-                        IAstModification.InsertFirst(decl, subroutine)
-                    )
-                } else {
-                    val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf(decl.name), decl.position), null, null, decl.position)
-                    val assign = Assignment(target, declValue, decl.position)
-                    listOf(
-                        IAstModification.ReplaceNode(decl, assign, parent),
-                        IAstModification.InsertFirst(decl, subroutine)
-                    )
-                }
-            }
-        }
         return noModifications
     }
 
     override fun after(range: RangeExpr, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        val from = range.from.constValue(program)?.number?.toDouble()
-        val to = range.to.constValue(program)?.number?.toDouble()
-        val step = range.step.constValue(program)?.number?.toDouble()
+        val from = range.from.constValue(program)?.number
+        val to = range.to.constValue(program)?.number
+        val step = range.step.constValue(program)?.number
 
         if(from==null) {
             if(!range.from.inferType(program).isInteger)
@@ -124,8 +110,7 @@ internal class ConstantIdentifierReplacer(private val program: Program, private
 
     override fun before(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         // the initializer value can't refer to the variable itself (recursive definition)
-        // TODO: use call graph for this?
-        if(decl.value?.referencesIdentifier(decl.name) == true || decl.arraysize?.indexExpr?.referencesIdentifier(decl.name) == true) {
+        if(decl.value?.referencesIdentifier(listOf(decl.name)) == true || decl.arraysize?.indexExpr?.referencesIdentifier(listOf(decl.name)) == true) {
             errors.err("recursive var declaration", decl.position)
             return noModifications
         }
@@ -151,7 +136,7 @@ internal class ConstantIdentifierReplacer(private val program: Program, private
                     // vardecl: for scalar float vars, promote constant integer initialization values to floats
                     val litval = decl.value as? NumericLiteralValue
                     if (litval!=null && litval.type in IntegerDatatypes) {
-                        val newValue = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, litval.number.toDouble(), litval.position)
+                        val newValue = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, litval.number, litval.position)
                         return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(decl.value!!, newValue, decl))
                     }
                 }
@@ -160,18 +145,18 @@ internal class ConstantIdentifierReplacer(private val program: Program, private
                     if(rangeExpr!=null) {
                         // convert the initializer range expression to an actual array
                         val declArraySize = decl.arraysize?.constIndex()
-                        if(declArraySize!=null && declArraySize!=rangeExpr.size(compTarget))
-                            errors.err("range expression size doesn't match declared array size", decl.value?.position!!)
-                        val constRange = rangeExpr.toConstantIntegerRange(compTarget)
+                        if(declArraySize!=null && declArraySize!=rangeExpr.size())
+                            errors.err("range expression size (${rangeExpr.size()}) doesn't match declared array size ($declArraySize)", decl.value?.position!!)
+                        val constRange = rangeExpr.toConstantIntegerRange()
                         if(constRange!=null) {
                             val eltType = rangeExpr.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UBYTE)
                             val newValue = if(eltType in ByteDatatypes) {
                                 ArrayLiteralValue(InferredTypes.InferredType.known(decl.datatype),
-                                        constRange.map { NumericLiteralValue(eltType, it.toShort(), decl.value!!.position) }.toTypedArray(),
+                                        constRange.map { NumericLiteralValue(eltType, it.toDouble(), decl.value!!.position) }.toTypedArray(),
                                         position = decl.value!!.position)
                             } else {
                                 ArrayLiteralValue(InferredTypes.InferredType.known(decl.datatype),
-                                        constRange.map { NumericLiteralValue(eltType, it, decl.value!!.position) }.toTypedArray(),
+                                        constRange.map { NumericLiteralValue(eltType, it.toDouble(), decl.value!!.position) }.toTypedArray(),
                                         position = decl.value!!.position)
                             }
                             return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(decl.value!!, newValue, decl))
@@ -204,7 +189,7 @@ internal class ConstantIdentifierReplacer(private val program: Program, private
                             else -> {}
                         }
                         // create the array itself, filled with the fillvalue.
-                        val array = Array(size) {fillvalue}.map { NumericLiteralValue(ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(decl.datatype), it, numericLv.position) }.toTypedArray<Expression>()
+                        val array = Array(size) {fillvalue}.map { NumericLiteralValue(ArrayToElementTypes.getValue(decl.datatype), it.toDouble(), numericLv.position) }.toTypedArray<Expression>()
                         val refValue = ArrayLiteralValue(InferredTypes.InferredType.known(decl.datatype), array, position = numericLv.position)
                         return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(decl.value!!, refValue, decl))
                     }
@@ -214,9 +199,9 @@ internal class ConstantIdentifierReplacer(private val program: Program, private
                     if(rangeExpr!=null) {
                         // convert the initializer range expression to an actual array of floats
                         val declArraySize = decl.arraysize?.constIndex()
-                        if(declArraySize!=null && declArraySize!=rangeExpr.size(compTarget))
-                            errors.err("range expression size (${rangeExpr.size(compTarget)}) doesn't match declared array size ($declArraySize)", decl.value?.position!!)
-                        val constRange = rangeExpr.toConstantIntegerRange(compTarget)
+                        if(declArraySize!=null && declArraySize!=rangeExpr.size())
+                            errors.err("range expression size (${rangeExpr.size()}) doesn't match declared array size ($declArraySize)", decl.value?.position!!)
+                        val constRange = rangeExpr.toConstantIntegerRange()
                         if(constRange!=null) {
                             val newValue = ArrayLiteralValue(InferredTypes.InferredType.known(DataType.ARRAY_F),
                                     constRange.map { NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, it.toDouble(), decl.value!!.position) }.toTypedArray(),
@@ -229,7 +214,7 @@ internal class ConstantIdentifierReplacer(private val program: Program, private
                     val size = decl.arraysize?.constIndex() ?: return noModifications
                     if(rangeExpr==null && numericLv!=null) {
                         // arraysize initializer is a single int, and we know the size.
-                        val fillvalue = numericLv.number.toDouble()
+                        val fillvalue = numericLv.number
                         if (fillvalue < compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE || fillvalue > compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE)
                             errors.err("float value overflow", numericLv.position)
                         else {

codeOptimizers/src/prog8/optimizer/ExpressionSimplifier.kt

@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ import kotlin.math.log2
 import kotlin.math.pow
 
 /*
-    todo add more expression optimizations
+    todo add more peephole expression optimizations
 
     Investigate what optimizations binaryen has, also see  https://egorbo.com/peephole-optimizations.html
 
  */
 
 
-internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
+class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
     private val powersOfTwo = (1..16).map { (2.0).pow(it) }.toSet()
     private val negativePowersOfTwo = powersOfTwo.map { -it }.toSet()
 
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
                     val x = expr.right
                     val y = determineY(x, leftBinExpr)
                     if (y != null) {
-                        val yPlus1 = BinaryExpression(y, "+", NumericLiteralValue(leftDt, 1, y.position), y.position)
+                        val yPlus1 = BinaryExpression(y, "+", NumericLiteralValue(leftDt, 1.0, y.position), y.position)
                         val newExpr = BinaryExpression(x, "*", yPlus1, x.position)
                         return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, newExpr, parent))
                     }
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
                     val x = expr.right
                     val y = determineY(x, leftBinExpr)
                     if (y != null) {
-                        val yMinus1 = BinaryExpression(y, "-", NumericLiteralValue(leftDt, 1, y.position), y.position)
+                        val yMinus1 = BinaryExpression(y, "-", NumericLiteralValue(leftDt, 1.0, y.position), y.position)
                         val newExpr = BinaryExpression(x, "*", yMinus1, x.position)
                         return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, newExpr, parent))
                     }
@@ -179,14 +179,26 @@ internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
             }
         }
 
-        if(expr.operator == ">=" && rightVal?.number == 0) {
+        if(leftDt!=DataType.FLOAT && expr.operator == ">=" && rightVal?.number == 1.0) {
+            // for integers: x >= 1  -->  x > 0
+            expr.operator = ">"
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.right, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, expr.right.position), expr))
+        }
+
+        if(expr.operator == ">=" && rightVal?.number == 0.0) {
             if (leftDt == DataType.UBYTE || leftDt == DataType.UWORD) {
                 // unsigned >= 0 --> true
                 return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(true, expr.position), parent))
             }
         }
 
-        if(expr.operator == "<" && rightVal?.number == 0) {
+        if(leftDt!=DataType.FLOAT && expr.operator == "<" && rightVal?.number == 1.0) {
+            // for integers: x < 1  -->  x <= 0
+            expr.operator = "<="
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.right, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, expr.right.position), expr))
+        }
+
+        if(expr.operator == "<" && rightVal?.number == 0.0) {
             if (leftDt == DataType.UBYTE || leftDt == DataType.UWORD) {
                 // unsigned < 0 --> false
                 return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr, NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(false, expr.position), parent))
@@ -220,52 +232,62 @@ internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
         val constFalse = NumericLiteralValue.fromBoolean(false, expr.position)
         val newExpr: Expression? = when (expr.operator) {
             "or" -> {
-                if ((leftVal != null && leftVal.asBooleanValue) || (rightVal != null && rightVal.asBooleanValue))
-                    constTrue
-                else if (leftVal != null && !leftVal.asBooleanValue)
-                    expr.right
-                else if (rightVal != null && !rightVal.asBooleanValue)
-                    expr.left
-                else
-                    null
+                when {
+                    leftVal != null && leftVal.asBooleanValue || rightVal != null && rightVal.asBooleanValue -> constTrue
+                    leftVal != null && !leftVal.asBooleanValue -> expr.right
+                    rightVal != null && !rightVal.asBooleanValue -> expr.left
+                    else -> null
+                }
             }
             "and" -> {
-                if ((leftVal != null && !leftVal.asBooleanValue) || (rightVal != null && !rightVal.asBooleanValue))
-                    constFalse
-                else if (leftVal != null && leftVal.asBooleanValue)
-                    expr.right
-                else if (rightVal != null && rightVal.asBooleanValue)
-                    expr.left
-                else
-                    null
+                when {
+                    leftVal != null && !leftVal.asBooleanValue || rightVal != null && !rightVal.asBooleanValue -> constFalse
+                    leftVal != null && leftVal.asBooleanValue -> expr.right
+                    rightVal != null && rightVal.asBooleanValue -> expr.left
+                    else -> null
+                }
             }
             "xor" -> {
-                if (leftVal != null && !leftVal.asBooleanValue)
-                    expr.right
-                else if (rightVal != null && !rightVal.asBooleanValue)
-                    expr.left
-                else if (leftVal != null && leftVal.asBooleanValue)
-                    PrefixExpression("not", expr.right, expr.right.position)
-                else if (rightVal != null && rightVal.asBooleanValue)
-                    PrefixExpression("not", expr.left, expr.left.position)
-                else
-                    null
+                when {
+                    leftVal != null && !leftVal.asBooleanValue -> expr.right
+                    rightVal != null && !rightVal.asBooleanValue -> expr.left
+                    leftVal != null && leftVal.asBooleanValue -> PrefixExpression("not", expr.right, expr.right.position)
+                    rightVal != null && rightVal.asBooleanValue -> PrefixExpression("not", expr.left, expr.left.position)
+                    else -> null
+                }
             }
-            "|", "^" -> {
-                if (leftVal != null && !leftVal.asBooleanValue)
-                    expr.right
-                else if (rightVal != null && !rightVal.asBooleanValue)
-                    expr.left
-                else
-                    null
+            "|" -> {
+                when {
+                    leftVal?.number==0.0 -> expr.right
+                    rightVal?.number==0.0 -> expr.left
+                    rightIDt.isBytes && rightVal?.number==255.0 -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 255.0, rightVal.position)
+                    rightIDt.isWords && rightVal?.number==65535.0 -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 65535.0, rightVal.position)
+                    leftIDt.isBytes && leftVal?.number==255.0 -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 255.0, leftVal.position)
+                    leftIDt.isWords && leftVal?.number==65535.0 -> NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 65535.0, leftVal.position)
+                    else -> null
+                }
+            }
+            "^" -> {
+                when {
+                    leftVal?.number==0.0 -> expr.right
+                    rightVal?.number==0.0 -> expr.left
+                    rightIDt.isBytes && rightVal?.number==255.0 -> PrefixExpression("~", expr.left, expr.left.position)
+                    rightIDt.isWords && rightVal?.number==65535.0 -> PrefixExpression("~", expr.left, expr.left.position)
+                    leftIDt.isBytes && leftVal?.number==255.0 -> PrefixExpression("~", expr.right, expr.right.position)
+                    leftIDt.isWords && leftVal?.number==65535.0 -> PrefixExpression("~", expr.right, expr.right.position)
+                    else -> null
+                }
             }
             "&" -> {
-                if (leftVal != null && !leftVal.asBooleanValue)
-                    constFalse
-                else if (rightVal != null && !rightVal.asBooleanValue)
-                    constFalse
-                else
-                    null
+                when {
+                    leftVal?.number==0.0  -> constFalse
+                    rightVal?.number==0.0 -> constFalse
+                    rightIDt.isBytes && rightVal?.number==255.0 -> expr.left
+                    rightIDt.isWords && rightVal?.number==65535.0 -> expr.left
+                    leftIDt.isBytes && leftVal?.number==255.0 -> expr.right
+                    leftIDt.isWords && leftVal?.number==65535.0 -> expr.right
+                    else -> null
+                }
             }
             "*" -> optimizeMultiplication(expr, leftVal, rightVal)
             "/" -> optimizeDivision(expr, leftVal, rightVal)
@@ -309,7 +331,7 @@ internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
                     // useless msb() of byte value that was typecasted to word, replace with 0
                     return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
                             functionCall,
-                            NumericLiteralValue(valueDt.getOr(DataType.UBYTE), 0, arg.expression.position),
+                            NumericLiteralValue(valueDt.getOr(DataType.UBYTE), 0.0, arg.expression.position),
                             parent))
                 }
             } else {
@@ -318,7 +340,7 @@ internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
                     // useless msb() of byte value, replace with 0
                     return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
                             functionCall,
-                            NumericLiteralValue(argDt.getOr(DataType.UBYTE), 0, arg.position),
+                            NumericLiteralValue(argDt.getOr(DataType.UBYTE), 0.0, arg.position),
                             parent))
                 }
             }
@@ -351,7 +373,7 @@ internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
         if (rightVal2 != null) {
             // right value is a constant, see if we can optimize
             val rightConst: NumericLiteralValue = rightVal2
-            when (rightConst.number.toDouble()) {
+            when (rightConst.number) {
                 0.0 -> {
                     // left
                     return expr2.left
@@ -360,7 +382,7 @@ internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
         }
         // no need to check for left val constant (because of associativity)
 
-        val rnum = rightVal?.number?.toDouble()
+        val rnum = rightVal?.number
         if(rnum!=null && rnum<0.0) {
             expr.operator = "-"
             expr.right = NumericLiteralValue(rightVal.type, -rnum, rightVal.position)
@@ -381,7 +403,7 @@ internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
 
         if (rightVal != null) {
             // right value is a constant, see if we can optimize
-            val rnum = rightVal.number.toDouble()
+            val rnum = rightVal.number
             if (rnum == 0.0) {
                 // left
                 return expr.left
@@ -395,7 +417,7 @@ internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
         }
         if (leftVal != null) {
             // left value is a constant, see if we can optimize
-            when (leftVal.number.toDouble()) {
+            when (leftVal.number) {
                 0.0 -> {
                     // -right
                     return PrefixExpression("-", expr.right, expr.position)
@@ -414,7 +436,7 @@ internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
         if (rightVal != null) {
             // right value is a constant, see if we can optimize
             val rightConst: NumericLiteralValue = rightVal
-            when (rightConst.number.toDouble()) {
+            when (rightConst.number) {
                 -3.0 -> {
                     // -1/(left*left*left)
                     return BinaryExpression(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, -1.0, expr.position), "/",
@@ -434,7 +456,7 @@ internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
                 }
                 0.0 -> {
                     // 1
-                    return NumericLiteralValue(rightConst.type, 1, expr.position)
+                    return NumericLiteralValue(rightConst.type, 1.0, expr.position)
                 }
                 0.5 -> {
                     // sqrt(left)
@@ -456,18 +478,18 @@ internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
         }
         if (leftVal != null) {
             // left value is a constant, see if we can optimize
-            when (leftVal.number.toDouble()) {
+            when (leftVal.number) {
                 -1.0 -> {
                     // -1
                     return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, -1.0, expr.position)
                 }
                 0.0 -> {
                     // 0
-                    return NumericLiteralValue(leftVal.type, 0, expr.position)
+                    return NumericLiteralValue(leftVal.type, 0.0, expr.position)
                 }
                 1.0 -> {
                     //1
-                    return NumericLiteralValue(leftVal.type, 1, expr.position)
+                    return NumericLiteralValue(leftVal.type, 1.0, expr.position)
                 }
 
             }
@@ -489,7 +511,7 @@ internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
                     val idt = expr.inferType(program)
                     if(!idt.isKnown)
                         throw FatalAstException("unknown dt")
-                    return NumericLiteralValue(idt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), 0, expr.position)
+                    return NumericLiteralValue(idt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), 0.0, expr.position)
                 } else if (cv in powersOfTwo) {
                     expr.operator = "&"
                     expr.right = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(cv!!.toInt()-1, expr.position)
@@ -509,7 +531,7 @@ internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
         if (rightVal != null) {
             // right value is a constant, see if we can optimize
             val rightConst: NumericLiteralValue = rightVal
-            val cv = rightConst.number.toDouble()
+            val cv = rightConst.number
             val leftIDt = expr.left.inferType(program)
             if (!leftIDt.isKnown)
                 return null
@@ -544,22 +566,22 @@ internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
             }
 
             if (leftDt == DataType.UBYTE) {
-                if (abs(rightConst.number.toDouble()) >= 256.0) {
-                    return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0, expr.position)
+                if (abs(rightConst.number) >= 256.0) {
+                    return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0.0, expr.position)
                 }
             } else if (leftDt == DataType.UWORD) {
-                if (abs(rightConst.number.toDouble()) >= 65536.0) {
-                    return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0, expr.position)
+                if (abs(rightConst.number) >= 65536.0) {
+                    return NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0.0, expr.position)
                 }
             }
         }
 
         if (leftVal != null) {
             // left value is a constant, see if we can optimize
-            when (leftVal.number.toDouble()) {
+            when (leftVal.number) {
                 0.0 -> {
                     // 0
-                    return NumericLiteralValue(leftVal.type, 0, expr.position)
+                    return NumericLiteralValue(leftVal.type, 0.0, expr.position)
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -576,14 +598,14 @@ internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
             // right value is a constant, see if we can optimize
             val leftValue: Expression = expr2.left
             val rightConst: NumericLiteralValue = rightVal2
-            when (val cv = rightConst.number.toDouble()) {
+            when (val cv = rightConst.number) {
                 -1.0 -> {
                     // -left
                     return PrefixExpression("-", leftValue, expr.position)
                 }
                 0.0 -> {
                     // 0
-                    return NumericLiteralValue(rightConst.type, 0, expr.position)
+                    return NumericLiteralValue(rightConst.type, 0.0, expr.position)
                 }
                 1.0 -> {
                     // left
@@ -624,12 +646,12 @@ internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
         when (val targetDt = targetIDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)) {
             DataType.UBYTE, DataType.BYTE -> {
                 if (amount >= 8) {
-                    return NumericLiteralValue(targetDt, 0, expr.position)
+                    return NumericLiteralValue(targetDt, 0.0, expr.position)
                 }
             }
             DataType.UWORD, DataType.WORD -> {
                 if (amount >= 16) {
-                    return NumericLiteralValue(targetDt, 0, expr.position)
+                    return NumericLiteralValue(targetDt, 0.0, expr.position)
                 } else if (amount >= 8) {
                     val lsb = FunctionCall(IdentifierReference(listOf("lsb"), expr.position), mutableListOf(expr.left), expr.position)
                     if (amount == 8) {
@@ -676,7 +698,7 @@ internal class ExpressionSimplifier(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
                     val msb = FunctionCall(IdentifierReference(listOf("msb"), expr.position), mutableListOf(expr.left), expr.position)
                     if (amount == 8) {
                         // mkword(0, msb(v))
-                        val zero = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0, expr.position)
+                        val zero = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0.0, expr.position)
                         return FunctionCall(IdentifierReference(listOf("mkword"), expr.position), mutableListOf(zero, msb), expr.position)
                     }
                     return TypecastExpression(BinaryExpression(msb, ">>", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(amount - 8, expr.position), expr.position), DataType.UWORD, true, expr.position)

codeOptimizers/src/prog8/optimizer/Extensions.kt

@@ -2,11 +2,15 @@ package prog8.optimizer
 
 import prog8.ast.IBuiltinFunctions
 import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
-import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
+import prog8.ast.expressions.InferredTypes
+import prog8.compilerinterface.CompilationOptions
+import prog8.compilerinterface.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IErrorReporter
 
 
-internal fun Program.constantFold(errors: IErrorReporter, compTarget: ICompilationTarget) {
+fun Program.constantFold(errors: IErrorReporter, compTarget: ICompilationTarget) {
     val valuetypefixer = VarConstantValueTypeAdjuster(this, errors)
     valuetypefixer.visit(this)
     if(errors.noErrors()) {
@@ -40,9 +44,10 @@ internal fun Program.constantFold(errors: IErrorReporter, compTarget: ICompilati
 }
 
 
-internal fun Program.optimizeStatements(errors: IErrorReporter,
-                                        functions: IBuiltinFunctions,
-                                        compTarget: ICompilationTarget): Int {
+fun Program.optimizeStatements(errors: IErrorReporter,
+                               functions: IBuiltinFunctions,
+                               compTarget: ICompilationTarget
+): Int {
     val optimizer = StatementOptimizer(this, errors, functions, compTarget)
     optimizer.visit(this)
     val optimizationCount = optimizer.applyModifications()
@@ -52,14 +57,26 @@ internal fun Program.optimizeStatements(errors: IErrorReporter,
     return optimizationCount
 }
 
-internal fun Program.simplifyExpressions() : Int {
+fun Program.simplifyExpressions() : Int {
     val opti = ExpressionSimplifier(this)
     opti.visit(this)
     return opti.applyModifications()
 }
 
-internal fun Program.splitBinaryExpressions(compTarget: ICompilationTarget) : Int {
-    val opti = BinExprSplitter(this, compTarget)
+fun Program.splitBinaryExpressions(options: CompilationOptions, compTarget: ICompilationTarget) : Int {
+    val opti = BinExprSplitter(this, options, compTarget)
     opti.visit(this)
     return opti.applyModifications()
 }
+
+fun getTempVarName(dt: InferredTypes.InferredType): List<String> {
+    return when {
+        // TODO assume (hope) cx16.r9 isn't used for anything else...
+        dt.istype(DataType.UBYTE) -> listOf("cx16", "r9L")
+        dt.istype(DataType.BYTE) -> listOf("cx16", "r9sL")
+        dt.istype(DataType.UWORD) -> listOf("cx16", "r9")
+        dt.istype(DataType.WORD) -> listOf("cx16", "r9s")
+        dt.isPassByReference -> listOf("cx16", "r9")
+        else -> throw FatalAstException("invalid dt $dt")
+    }
+}

codeOptimizers/src/prog8/optimizer/StatementOptimizer.kt

@@ -1,55 +1,40 @@
 package prog8.optimizer
 
-import prog8.ast.IBuiltinFunctions
-import prog8.ast.INameScope
-import prog8.ast.Node
-import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.*
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
 import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
 import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
-import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
-import prog8.compiler.astprocessing.size
-import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8.compilerinterface.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compilerinterface.size
 import kotlin.math.floor
 
-internal const val retvarName = "prog8_retval"
 
-
-internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
+class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
                                   private val errors: IErrorReporter,
                                   private val functions: IBuiltinFunctions,
-                                  private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget) : AstWalker() {
-
-    private val subsThatNeedReturnVariable = mutableSetOf<Triple<INameScope, DataType, Position>>()
-
-
-    override fun after(subroutine: Subroutine, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        for(returnvar in subsThatNeedReturnVariable) {
-            val decl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, returnvar.second, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, retvarName, null,
-                isArray = false,
-                autogeneratedDontRemove = true,
-                sharedWithAsm = false,
-                position = returnvar.third
-            )
-            returnvar.first.statements.add(0, decl)
-        }
-        subsThatNeedReturnVariable.clear()
-        return noModifications
-    }
+                                  private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget
+) : AstWalker() {
 
     override fun before(functionCall: FunctionCall, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         // if the first instruction in the called subroutine is a return statement with a simple value,
         // remove the jump altogeter and inline the returnvalue directly.
+
+        fun scopePrefix(variable: IdentifierReference): IdentifierReference {
+            val target = variable.targetStatement(program) as INamedStatement
+            return IdentifierReference(target.scopedName, variable.position)
+        }
+
         val subroutine = functionCall.target.targetSubroutine(program)
         if(subroutine!=null) {
             val first = subroutine.statements.asSequence().filterNot { it is VarDecl || it is Directive }.firstOrNull()
             if(first is Return && first.value?.isSimple==true) {
                 val copy = when(val orig = first.value!!) {
                     is AddressOf -> {
-                        val scoped = scopePrefix(orig.identifier, subroutine)
+                        val scoped = scopePrefix(orig.identifier)
                         AddressOf(scoped, orig.position)
                     }
                     is DirectMemoryRead -> {
@@ -58,7 +43,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
                             else -> return noModifications
                         }
                     }
-                    is IdentifierReference -> scopePrefix(orig, subroutine)
+                    is IdentifierReference -> scopePrefix(orig)
                     is NumericLiteralValue -> orig.copy()
                     is StringLiteralValue -> orig.copy()
                     else -> return noModifications
@@ -69,17 +54,14 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
         return noModifications
     }
 
-    private fun scopePrefix(variable: IdentifierReference, subroutine: Subroutine): IdentifierReference {
-        val scoped = subroutine.makeScopedName(variable.nameInSource.last())
-        return IdentifierReference(scoped.split('.'), variable.position)
-    }
+
 
     override fun after(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        if(functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource.size==1 && functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource[0] in functions.names) {
+        if(functionCallStatement.target.targetStatement(program) is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder) {
             val functionName = functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource[0]
             if (functionName in functions.purefunctionNames) {
                 errors.warn("statement has no effect (function return value is discarded)", functionCallStatement.position)
-                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(functionCallStatement, functionCallStatement.definingScope))
+                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(functionCallStatement, parent as IStatementContainer))
             }
         }
 
@@ -100,7 +82,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
                         val firstCharEncoded = compTarget.encodeString(string.value, string.altEncoding)[0]
                         val chrout = FunctionCallStatement(
                             IdentifierReference(listOf("txt", "chrout"), pos),
-                            mutableListOf(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, firstCharEncoded.toInt(), pos)),
+                            mutableListOf(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, firstCharEncoded.toDouble(), pos)),
                             functionCallStatement.void, pos
                         )
                         return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(functionCallStatement, chrout, parent))
@@ -108,16 +90,16 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
                         val firstTwoCharsEncoded = compTarget.encodeString(string.value.take(2), string.altEncoding)
                         val chrout1 = FunctionCallStatement(
                             IdentifierReference(listOf("txt", "chrout"), pos),
-                            mutableListOf(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, firstTwoCharsEncoded[0].toInt(), pos)),
+                            mutableListOf(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, firstTwoCharsEncoded[0].toDouble(), pos)),
                             functionCallStatement.void, pos
                         )
                         val chrout2 = FunctionCallStatement(
                             IdentifierReference(listOf("txt", "chrout"), pos),
-                            mutableListOf(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, firstTwoCharsEncoded[1].toInt(), pos)),
+                            mutableListOf(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, firstTwoCharsEncoded[1].toDouble(), pos)),
                             functionCallStatement.void, pos
                         )
                         return listOf(
-                            IAstModification.InsertBefore(functionCallStatement, chrout1, parent as INameScope),
+                            IAstModification.InsertBefore(functionCallStatement, chrout1, parent as IStatementContainer),
                             IAstModification.ReplaceNode(functionCallStatement, chrout2, parent)
                         )
                     }
@@ -130,33 +112,35 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
         if(subroutine!=null) {
             val first = subroutine.statements.asSequence().filterNot { it is VarDecl || it is Directive }.firstOrNull()
             if(first is Return)
-                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(functionCallStatement, functionCallStatement.definingScope))
+                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(functionCallStatement, parent as IStatementContainer))
         }
 
+        // see if we can optimize any complex arguments
+        // TODO for now, only works for single-argument functions because we use just 1 temp var: R9
+        if(functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource !in listOf(listOf("pop"), listOf("popw")) && functionCallStatement.args.size==1) {
+            val arg = functionCallStatement.args[0]
+            if(!arg.isSimple && arg !is TypecastExpression && arg !is IFunctionCall) {
+                val name = getTempVarName(arg.inferType(program))
+                val tempvar = IdentifierReference(name, functionCallStatement.position)
+                val assignTempvar = Assignment(AssignTarget(tempvar.copy(), null, null, functionCallStatement.position), arg, functionCallStatement.position)
+                return listOf(
+                    IAstModification.InsertBefore(functionCallStatement, assignTempvar, parent as IStatementContainer),
+                    IAstModification.ReplaceNode(arg, tempvar, functionCallStatement)
+                )
+            }
+        }
+
+
         return noModifications
     }
 
-//    override fun before(functionCall: FunctionCall, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-//        // if the first instruction in the called subroutine is a return statement with constant value, replace with the constant value
-//        val subroutine = functionCall.target.targetSubroutine(program)
-//        if(subroutine!=null) {
-//            val first = subroutine.statements.asSequence().filterNot { it is VarDecl || it is Directive }.firstOrNull()
-//            if(first is Return && first.value!=null) {
-//                val constval = first.value?.constValue(program)
-//                if(constval!=null)
-//                    return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(functionCall, constval, parent))
-//            }
-//        }
-//        return noModifications
-//    }
-
     override fun after(ifStatement: IfStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         // remove empty if statements
-        if(ifStatement.truepart.containsNoCodeNorVars && ifStatement.elsepart.containsNoCodeNorVars)
-            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(ifStatement, ifStatement.definingScope))
+        if(ifStatement.truepart.isEmpty() && ifStatement.elsepart.isEmpty())
+            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(ifStatement, parent as IStatementContainer))
 
         // empty true part? switch with the else part
-        if(ifStatement.truepart.containsNoCodeNorVars && ifStatement.elsepart.containsCodeOrVars) {
+        if(ifStatement.truepart.isEmpty() && ifStatement.elsepart.isNotEmpty()) {
             val invertedCondition = PrefixExpression("not", ifStatement.condition, ifStatement.condition.position)
             val emptyscope = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), ifStatement.elsepart.position)
             val truepart = AnonymousScope(ifStatement.elsepart.statements, ifStatement.truepart.position)
@@ -184,20 +168,20 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     override fun after(forLoop: ForLoop, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        if(forLoop.body.containsNoCodeNorVars) {
+        if(forLoop.body.isEmpty()) {
             errors.warn("removing empty for loop", forLoop.position)
-            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(forLoop, forLoop.definingScope))
+            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(forLoop, parent as IStatementContainer))
         } else if(forLoop.body.statements.size==1) {
             val loopvar = forLoop.body.statements[0] as? VarDecl
             if(loopvar!=null && loopvar.name==forLoop.loopVar.nameInSource.singleOrNull()) {
                 // remove empty for loop (only loopvar decl in it)
-                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(forLoop, forLoop.definingScope))
+                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(forLoop, parent as IStatementContainer))
             }
         }
 
         val range = forLoop.iterable as? RangeExpr
         if(range!=null) {
-            if (range.size(compTarget) == 1) {
+            if (range.size() == 1) {
                 // for loop over a (constant) range of just a single value-- optimize the loop away
                 // loopvar/reg = range value , follow by block
                 val scope = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), forLoop.position)
@@ -214,7 +198,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
                 if(size==1) {
                     // loop over string of length 1 -> just assign the single character
                     val character = compTarget.encodeString(sv.value, sv.altEncoding)[0]
-                    val byte = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, character, iterable.position)
+                    val byte = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, character.toDouble(), iterable.position)
                     val scope = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), forLoop.position)
                     scope.statements.add(Assignment(AssignTarget(forLoop.loopVar, null, null, forLoop.position), byte, forLoop.position))
                     scope.statements.addAll(forLoop.body.statements)
@@ -268,7 +252,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
             } else {
                 // always false -> remove the while statement altogether
                 errors.warn("condition is always false", whileLoop.condition.position)
-                listOf(IAstModification.Remove(whileLoop, whileLoop.definingScope))
+                listOf(IAstModification.Remove(whileLoop, parent as IStatementContainer))
             }
         }
         return noModifications
@@ -277,14 +261,14 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
     override fun after(repeatLoop: RepeatLoop, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         val iter = repeatLoop.iterations
         if(iter!=null) {
-            if(repeatLoop.body.containsNoCodeNorVars) {
+            if(repeatLoop.body.isEmpty()) {
                 errors.warn("empty loop removed", repeatLoop.position)
-                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(repeatLoop, repeatLoop.definingScope))
+                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(repeatLoop, parent as IStatementContainer))
             }
             val iterations = iter.constValue(program)?.number?.toInt()
             if (iterations == 0) {
                 errors.warn("iterations is always 0, removed loop", iter.position)
-                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(repeatLoop, repeatLoop.definingScope))
+                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(repeatLoop, parent as IStatementContainer))
             }
             if (iterations == 1) {
                 errors.warn("iterations is always 1", iter.position)
@@ -295,12 +279,13 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     override fun after(jump: Jump, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        // if the jump is to the next statement, remove the jump
-        val scope = jump.definingScope
-        val label = jump.identifier?.targetStatement(program)
-        if(label!=null && scope.statements.indexOf(label) == scope.statements.indexOf(jump)+1)
-            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(jump, jump.definingScope))
-
+        if(!jump.isGosub) {
+            // if the jump is to the next statement, remove the jump
+            val scope = jump.parent as IStatementContainer
+            val label = jump.identifier?.targetStatement(program)
+            if (label != null && scope.statements.indexOf(label) == scope.statements.indexOf(jump) + 1)
+                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(jump, scope))
+        }
         return noModifications
     }
 
@@ -323,27 +308,27 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
                     if(rNum!=null) {
                         if (op1 == "+" || op1 == "-") {
                             if (op2 == "+") {
-                                // A = A +/- B + N
+                                // A = A +/- B + N  --->  A = A +/- B  ;  A = A + N
                                 val expr2 = BinaryExpression(binExpr.left, binExpr.operator, rExpr.left, binExpr.position)
                                 val addConstant = Assignment(
-                                        assignment.target,
-                                        BinaryExpression(binExpr.left, "+", rExpr.right, rExpr.position),
+                                        assignment.target.copy(),
+                                        BinaryExpression(binExpr.left.copy(), "+", rExpr.right, rExpr.position),
                                         assignment.position
                                 )
                                 return listOf(
                                         IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr, expr2, binExpr.parent),
-                                        IAstModification.InsertAfter(assignment, addConstant, assignment.definingScope))
+                                        IAstModification.InsertAfter(assignment, addConstant, parent as IStatementContainer))
                             } else if (op2 == "-") {
-                                // A = A +/- B - N
+                                // A = A +/- B - N  --->  A = A +/- B  ;  A = A - N
                                 val expr2 = BinaryExpression(binExpr.left, binExpr.operator, rExpr.left, binExpr.position)
                                 val subConstant = Assignment(
-                                        assignment.target,
-                                        BinaryExpression(binExpr.left, "-", rExpr.right, rExpr.position),
+                                        assignment.target.copy(),
+                                        BinaryExpression(binExpr.left.copy(), "-", rExpr.right, rExpr.position),
                                         assignment.position
                                 )
                                 return listOf(
                                         IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr, expr2, binExpr.parent),
-                                        IAstModification.InsertAfter(assignment, subConstant, assignment.definingScope))
+                                        IAstModification.InsertAfter(assignment, subConstant, parent as IStatementContainer))
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -365,7 +350,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
     override fun after(assignment: Assignment, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         if(assignment.target isSameAs assignment.value) {
             // remove assignment to self
-            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, assignment.definingScope))
+            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, parent as IStatementContainer))
         }
 
         val targetIDt = assignment.target.inferType(program)
@@ -373,19 +358,31 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
             throw FatalAstException("can't infer type of assignment target")
 
         // optimize binary expressions a bit
-        val targetDt = targetIDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
         val bexpr=assignment.value as? BinaryExpression
         if(bexpr!=null) {
-            val rightCv = bexpr.right.constValue(program)?.number?.toDouble()
+            val rightCv = bexpr.right.constValue(program)?.number
+            if(bexpr.operator=="-" && rightCv==null) {
+                if(bexpr.right isSameAs assignment.target) {
+                    // X = value - X  -->  X = -X ; X += value  (to avoid need of stack-evaluation)
+                    val negation = PrefixExpression("-", bexpr.right.copy(), bexpr.position)
+                    val addValue = Assignment(assignment.target.copy(), BinaryExpression(bexpr.right, "+", bexpr.left, bexpr.position), assignment.position)
+                    return listOf(
+                        IAstModification.ReplaceNode(bexpr, negation, assignment),
+                        IAstModification.InsertAfter(assignment, addValue, parent as IStatementContainer)
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+
             if (rightCv != null && assignment.target isSameAs bexpr.left) {
                 // assignments of the form:  X = X <operator> <expr>
                 // remove assignments that have no effect (such as X=X+0)
                 // optimize/rewrite some other expressions
+                val targetDt = targetIDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
                 val vardeclDt = (assignment.target.identifier?.targetVarDecl(program))?.type
                 when (bexpr.operator) {
                     "+" -> {
                         if (rightCv == 0.0) {
-                            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, assignment.definingScope))
+                            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, parent as IStatementContainer))
                         } else if (targetDt in IntegerDatatypes && floor(rightCv) == rightCv) {
                             if (vardeclDt != VarDeclType.MEMORY && rightCv in 1.0..4.0) {
                                 // replace by several INCs if it's not a memory address (inc on a memory mapped register doesn't work very well)
@@ -393,13 +390,13 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
                                 repeat(rightCv.toInt()) {
                                     incs.statements.add(PostIncrDecr(assignment.target.copy(), "++", assignment.position))
                                 }
-                                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(assignment, incs, parent))
+                                listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(assignment, if(incs.statements.size==1) incs.statements[0] else incs, parent))
                             }
                         }
                     }
                     "-" -> {
                         if (rightCv == 0.0) {
-                            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, assignment.definingScope))
+                            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, parent as IStatementContainer))
                         } else if (targetDt in IntegerDatatypes && floor(rightCv) == rightCv) {
                             if (vardeclDt != VarDeclType.MEMORY && rightCv in 1.0..4.0) {
                                 // replace by several DECs if it's not a memory address (dec on a memory mapped register doesn't work very well)
@@ -411,18 +408,18 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    "*" -> if (rightCv == 1.0) return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, assignment.definingScope))
-                    "/" -> if (rightCv == 1.0) return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, assignment.definingScope))
-                    "**" -> if (rightCv == 1.0) return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, assignment.definingScope))
-                    "|" -> if (rightCv == 0.0) return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, assignment.definingScope))
-                    "^" -> if (rightCv == 0.0) return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, assignment.definingScope))
+                    "*" -> if (rightCv == 1.0) return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, parent as IStatementContainer))
+                    "/" -> if (rightCv == 1.0) return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, parent as IStatementContainer))
+                    "**" -> if (rightCv == 1.0) return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, parent as IStatementContainer))
+                    "|" -> if (rightCv == 0.0) return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, parent as IStatementContainer))
+                    "^" -> if (rightCv == 0.0) return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, parent as IStatementContainer))
                     "<<" -> {
                         if (rightCv == 0.0)
-                            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, assignment.definingScope))
+                            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, parent as IStatementContainer))
                     }
                     ">>" -> {
                         if (rightCv == 0.0)
-                            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, assignment.definingScope))
+                            return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, parent as IStatementContainer))
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -438,14 +435,19 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
             val returnDt = subr.returntypes.single()
             if (returnDt in IntegerDatatypes) {
                 // first assign to intermediary variable, then return that
-                subsThatNeedReturnVariable.add(Triple(subr, returnDt, returnStmt.position))
-                val returnValueIntermediary1 = IdentifierReference(listOf(retvarName), returnStmt.position)
-                val returnValueIntermediary2 = IdentifierReference(listOf(retvarName), returnStmt.position)
-                val tgt = AssignTarget(returnValueIntermediary1, null, null, returnStmt.position)
+                val returnVarName = "retval_interm_" + when(returnDt) {
+                    DataType.UBYTE -> "ub"
+                    DataType.BYTE -> "b"
+                    DataType.UWORD -> "uw"
+                    DataType.WORD -> "w"
+                    else -> "<undefined>"
+                }
+                val returnValueIntermediary = IdentifierReference(listOf("prog8_lib", returnVarName), returnStmt.position)
+                val tgt = AssignTarget(returnValueIntermediary, null, null, returnStmt.position)
                 val assign = Assignment(tgt, value, returnStmt.position)
-                val returnReplacement = Return(returnValueIntermediary2, returnStmt.position)
+                val returnReplacement = Return(returnValueIntermediary.copy(), returnStmt.position)
                 return listOf(
-                    IAstModification.InsertBefore(returnStmt, assign, parent as INameScope),
+                    IAstModification.InsertBefore(returnStmt, assign, parent as IStatementContainer),
                     IAstModification.ReplaceNode(returnStmt, returnReplacement, parent)
                 )
             }
@@ -469,7 +471,7 @@ internal class StatementOptimizer(private val program: Program,
         return super.after(returnStmt, parent)
     }
 
-    private fun hasBreak(scope: INameScope): Boolean {
+    private fun hasBreak(scope: IStatementContainer): Boolean {
 
         class Searcher: IAstVisitor
         {

codeOptimizers/src/prog8/optimizer/UnusedCodeRemover.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+package prog8.optimizer
+
+import prog8.ast.*
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.base.VarDeclType
+import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
+import prog8.compilerinterface.CallGraph
+import prog8.compilerinterface.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compilerinterface.isIOAddress
+
+
+class UnusedCodeRemover(private val program: Program,
+                        private val errors: IErrorReporter,
+                        private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget
+): AstWalker() {
+
+    private val callgraph = CallGraph(program)
+
+    override fun before(module: Module, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        return if (!module.isLibrary && (module.containsNoCodeNorVars || callgraph.unused(module)))
+            listOf(IAstModification.Remove(module, parent as IStatementContainer))
+        else
+            noModifications
+    }
+
+    override fun before(breakStmt: Break, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        reportUnreachable(breakStmt)
+        return emptyList()
+    }
+
+    override fun before(jump: Jump, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(!jump.isGosub)
+            reportUnreachable(jump)
+        return emptyList()
+    }
+
+    override fun before(returnStmt: Return, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        reportUnreachable(returnStmt)
+        return emptyList()
+    }
+
+    override fun before(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource.last() == "exit")
+            reportUnreachable(functionCallStatement)
+        return emptyList()
+    }
+
+    private fun reportUnreachable(stmt: Statement) {
+        when(val next = stmt.nextSibling()) {
+            null, is Label, is Directive, is VarDecl, is InlineAssembly, is Subroutine -> {}
+            else -> errors.warn("unreachable code", next.position)
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun after(scope: AnonymousScope, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        return deduplicateAssignments(scope.statements, scope)
+    }
+
+    override fun after(block: Block, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if("force_output" !in block.options()) {
+            if (block.containsNoCodeNorVars) {
+                if(block.name != internedStringsModuleName)
+                    errors.warn("removing unused block '${block.name}'", block.position)
+                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(block, parent as IStatementContainer))
+            }
+            if(callgraph.unused(block)) {
+                errors.warn("removing unused block '${block.name}'", block.position)
+                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(block, parent as IStatementContainer))
+            }
+        }
+
+        return deduplicateAssignments(block.statements, block)
+    }
+
+    override fun after(subroutine: Subroutine, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        val forceOutput = "force_output" in subroutine.definingBlock.options()
+        if (subroutine !== program.entrypoint && !forceOutput && !subroutine.inline && !subroutine.isAsmSubroutine) {
+            if(callgraph.unused(subroutine)) {
+                if(subroutine.containsNoCodeNorVars) {
+                    if(!subroutine.definingModule.isLibrary)
+                        errors.warn("removing empty subroutine '${subroutine.name}'", subroutine.position)
+                    val removals = mutableListOf(IAstModification.Remove(subroutine, parent as IStatementContainer))
+                    callgraph.calledBy[subroutine]?.let {
+                        for(node in it)
+                            removals.add(IAstModification.Remove(node, node.parent as IStatementContainer))
+                    }
+                    return removals
+                }
+                if(!subroutine.definingModule.isLibrary)
+                    errors.warn("removing unused subroutine '${subroutine.name}'", subroutine.position)
+                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(subroutine, parent as IStatementContainer))
+            }
+        }
+
+        return deduplicateAssignments(subroutine.statements, subroutine)
+    }
+
+    override fun after(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(decl.type==VarDeclType.VAR) {
+            val forceOutput = "force_output" in decl.definingBlock.options()
+            if (!forceOutput && !decl.autogeneratedDontRemove && !decl.sharedWithAsm && !decl.definingBlock.isInLibrary) {
+                val usages = callgraph.usages(decl)
+                if (usages.isEmpty()) {
+                    errors.warn("removing unused variable '${decl.name}'", decl.position)
+                    return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(decl, parent as IStatementContainer))
+                } else {
+                    // if all usages are just an assignment to this vardecl,
+                    // and it is in regular RAM, then remove the var as well including all assignments
+                    val assignTargets = usages.mapNotNull {
+                        it.parent as? AssignTarget
+                    }.filter {
+                        !it.isIOAddress(compTarget.machine)
+                    }
+                    if(assignTargets.size==usages.size) {
+                        errors.warn("removing unused variable '${decl.name}'", decl.position)
+                        val assignmentsToRemove = assignTargets.map { it.parent to it.parent.parent as IStatementContainer}.toSet()
+                        return assignmentsToRemove.map {
+                            IAstModification.Remove(it.first, it.second)
+                        } + listOf(
+                            IAstModification.Remove(decl, parent as IStatementContainer)
+                        )
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    private fun deduplicateAssignments(statements: List<Statement>, scope: IStatementContainer): List<IAstModification> {
+        // removes 'duplicate' assignments that assign the same target directly after another
+        val linesToRemove = mutableListOf<Assignment>()
+        val modifications = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
+
+        fun substituteZeroInBinexpr(expr: BinaryExpression, zero: NumericLiteralValue, assign1: Assignment, assign2: Assignment) {
+            if(expr.left isSameAs assign2.target) {
+                // X = X <oper> Right
+                linesToRemove.add(assign1)
+                modifications.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
+                    expr.left, zero, expr
+                ))
+            }
+            if(expr.right isSameAs assign2.target) {
+                // X = Left <oper> X
+                linesToRemove.add(assign1)
+                modifications.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
+                    expr.right, zero, expr
+                ))
+            }
+            val leftBinExpr = expr.left as? BinaryExpression
+            val rightBinExpr = expr.right as? BinaryExpression
+            if(leftBinExpr!=null && rightBinExpr==null) {
+                if(leftBinExpr.left isSameAs assign2.target) {
+                    // X = (X <oper> Right) <oper> Something
+                    linesToRemove.add(assign1)
+                    modifications.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
+                        leftBinExpr.left, zero, leftBinExpr
+                    ))
+                }
+                if(leftBinExpr.right isSameAs assign2.target) {
+                    // X = (Left <oper> X) <oper> Something
+                    linesToRemove.add(assign1)
+                    modifications.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
+                        leftBinExpr.right, zero, leftBinExpr
+                    ))
+                }
+            }
+            if(leftBinExpr==null && rightBinExpr!=null) {
+                if(rightBinExpr.left isSameAs assign2.target) {
+                    // X = Something <oper> (X <oper> Right)
+                    linesToRemove.add(assign1)
+                    modifications.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
+                        rightBinExpr.left, zero, rightBinExpr
+                    ))
+                }
+                if(rightBinExpr.right isSameAs assign2.target) {
+                    // X = Something <oper> (Left <oper> X)
+                    linesToRemove.add(assign1)
+                    modifications.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
+                        rightBinExpr.right, zero, rightBinExpr
+                    ))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        fun substituteZeroInPrefixexpr(expr: PrefixExpression, zero: NumericLiteralValue, assign1: Assignment, assign2: Assignment) {
+            if(expr.expression isSameAs assign2.target) {
+                linesToRemove.add(assign1)
+                modifications.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
+                    expr.expression, zero, expr
+                ))
+            }
+        }
+
+        fun substituteZeroInTypecast(expr: TypecastExpression, zero: NumericLiteralValue, assign1: Assignment, assign2: Assignment) {
+            if(expr.expression isSameAs assign2.target) {
+                linesToRemove.add(assign1)
+                modifications.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
+                    expr.expression, zero, expr
+                ))
+            }
+            val subCast = expr.expression as? TypecastExpression
+            if(subCast!=null && subCast.expression isSameAs assign2.target) {
+                linesToRemove.add(assign1)
+                modifications.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
+                    subCast.expression, zero, subCast
+                ))
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (stmtPairs in statements.windowed(2, step = 1)) {
+            val assign1 = stmtPairs[0] as? Assignment
+            val assign2 = stmtPairs[1] as? Assignment
+            if (assign1 != null && assign2 != null) {
+                val cvalue1 = assign1.value.constValue(program)
+                if(cvalue1!=null && cvalue1.number==0.0 && assign2.target.isSameAs(assign1.target, program) && assign2.isAugmentable) {
+                    val value2 = assign2.value
+                    val zero = VarDecl.defaultZero(value2.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), value2.position)
+                    when(value2) {
+                        is BinaryExpression -> substituteZeroInBinexpr(value2, zero, assign1, assign2)
+                        is PrefixExpression -> substituteZeroInPrefixexpr(value2, zero, assign1, assign2)
+                        is TypecastExpression -> substituteZeroInTypecast(value2, zero, assign1, assign2)
+                        else -> {}
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (assign1.target.isSameAs(assign2.target, program) && !assign1.target.isIOAddress(compTarget.machine))  {
+                        if(assign2.target.identifier==null || !assign2.value.referencesIdentifier(assign2.target.identifier!!.nameInSource))
+                            // only remove the second assignment if its value is a simple expression!
+                            when(assign2.value) {
+                                is PrefixExpression,
+                                is BinaryExpression,
+                                is TypecastExpression,
+                                is FunctionCall -> { /* don't remove */ }
+                                else -> linesToRemove.add(assign1)
+                            }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return modifications + linesToRemove.map { IAstModification.Remove(it, scope) }
+    }
+}

compiler/build.gradle

@@ -3,31 +3,28 @@ plugins {
     id 'application'
     id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.jvm"
     id 'com.github.johnrengelman.shadow' version '7.1.0'
+    id "io.kotest" version "0.3.8"
 }
 
-targetCompatibility = 11
-sourceCompatibility = 11
-
-
-repositories {
-    mavenLocal()
-    mavenCentral()
-    maven { url "https://kotlin.bintray.com/kotlinx" }
+java {
+    toolchain {
+        languageVersion = JavaLanguageVersion.of(javaVersion)
+    }
 }
 
 def prog8version = rootProject.file('compiler/res/version.txt').text.trim()
 
 dependencies {
+    implementation project(':compilerInterfaces')
+    implementation project(':codeOptimizers')
     implementation project(':compilerAst')
+    implementation project(':codeGeneration')
     implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8"
     // implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect"
     implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-cli:0.3.3'
     implementation "com.michael-bull.kotlin-result:kotlin-result-jvm:1.1.12"
 
-    testImplementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-test-junit5"
-    testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.7.2'
-    testImplementation 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest:2.2'
-    testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.7.2'
+    testImplementation 'io.kotest:kotest-runner-junit5-jvm:4.6.3'
 }
 
 configurations.all {
@@ -44,22 +41,6 @@ configurations {
 }
 
 
-compileKotlin {
-    kotlinOptions {
-        jvmTarget = "11"
-        useIR = true
-        // verbose = true
-        // freeCompilerArgs += "-XXLanguage:+NewInference"
-    }
-}
-
-compileTestKotlin {
-    kotlinOptions {
-        jvmTarget = "11"
-        useIR = true
-    }
-}
-
 sourceSets {
     main {
         java {
@@ -84,11 +65,6 @@ application {
     applicationName = 'p8compile'
 }
 
-artifacts {
-    archives shadowJar
-}
-
-
 shadowJar {
     archiveBaseName = 'prog8compiler'
     archiveVersion = prog8version
@@ -108,3 +84,5 @@ test {
         events "skipped", "failed"
     }
 }
+
+build.finalizedBy installDist, installShadowDist

compiler/compiler.iml

@@ -1,10 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <module type="JAVA_MODULE" version="4">
-  <component name="FacetManager">
-    <facet type="Python" name="Python">
-      <configuration sdkName="Python 3.9" />
-    </facet>
-  </component>
   <component name="NewModuleRootManager" inherit-compiler-output="true">
     <exclude-output />
     <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
@@ -17,10 +12,12 @@
     <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="KotlinJavaRuntime" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="module" module-name="compilerAst" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="Python 3.9 interpreter library" level="application" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="hamcrest" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="jetbrains.kotlinx.cli.jvm" level="project" />
-    <orderEntry type="library" name="junit.jupiter" level="project" />
     <orderEntry type="library" name="michael.bull.kotlin.result.jvm" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="codeOptimizers" />
+    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="compilerInterfaces" />
+    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="codeGeneration" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="io.kotest.assertions.core.jvm" level="project" />
+    <orderEntry type="library" name="io.kotest.runner.junit5.jvm" level="project" />
   </component>
 </module>

compiler/res/prog8lib/c64/floats.p8

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ floats {
         const float  PI     = 3.141592653589793
         const float  TWOPI  = 6.283185307179586
 
+        float  tempvar_swap_float     ; used for some swap() operations
 
 ; ---- C64 basic and kernal ROM float constants and functions ----
 

compiler/res/prog8lib/c64/graphics.p8

@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ graphics {
     sub line(uword @zp x1, ubyte @zp y1, uword @zp x2, ubyte @zp y2) {
         ; Bresenham algorithm.
         ; This code special-cases various quadrant loops to allow simple ++ and -- operations.
+        ; TODO implement this as optimized assembly, for instance https://github.com/EgonOlsen71/bresenham/blob/main/src/asm/graphics.asm  ??
+        ;      or from here https://retro64.altervista.org/blog/an-introduction-to-vector-based-graphics-the-commodore-64-rotating-simple-3d-objects/
+
         if y1>y2 {
             ; make sure dy is always positive to have only 4 instead of 8 special cases
             swap(x1, x2)

compiler/res/prog8lib/c64/syslib.p8

@@ -597,62 +597,34 @@ _longcopy
         }}
     }
 
-
-    inline asmsub rsave() {
-        ; save cpu status flag and all registers A, X, Y.
-        ; see http://6502.org/tutorials/register_preservation.html
-        %asm {{
-            php
-            sta  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-            pha
-            txa
-            pha
-            tya
-            pha
-            lda  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
-        }}
-    }
-
-    inline asmsub rrestore() {
-        ; restore all registers and cpu status flag
-        %asm {{
-            pla
-            tay
-            pla
-            tax
-            pla
-            plp
-        }}
-    }
-
     inline asmsub read_flags() -> ubyte @A {
         %asm {{
-            php
-            pla
+        php
+        pla
         }}
     }
 
     inline asmsub clear_carry() {
         %asm {{
-            clc
+        clc
         }}
     }
 
     inline asmsub set_carry() {
         %asm {{
-            sec
+        sec
         }}
     }
 
     inline asmsub clear_irqd() {
         %asm {{
-            cli
+        cli
         }}
     }
 
     inline asmsub set_irqd() {
         %asm {{
-            sei
+        sei
         }}
     }
 
@@ -699,6 +671,23 @@ cx16 {
     &uword r14 = $cf1c
     &uword r15 = $cf1e
 
+    &word r0s  = $cf00
+    &word r1s  = $cf02
+    &word r2s  = $cf04
+    &word r3s  = $cf06
+    &word r4s  = $cf08
+    &word r5s  = $cf0a
+    &word r6s  = $cf0c
+    &word r7s  = $cf0e
+    &word r8s  = $cf10
+    &word r9s  = $cf12
+    &word r10s = $cf14
+    &word r11s = $cf16
+    &word r12s = $cf18
+    &word r13s = $cf1a
+    &word r14s = $cf1c
+    &word r15s = $cf1e
+
     &ubyte r0L  = $cf00
     &ubyte r1L  = $cf02
     &ubyte r2L  = $cf04
@@ -732,4 +721,38 @@ cx16 {
     &ubyte r13H = $cf1b
     &ubyte r14H = $cf1d
     &ubyte r15H = $cf1f
+
+    &byte r0sL  = $cf00
+    &byte r1sL  = $cf02
+    &byte r2sL  = $cf04
+    &byte r3sL  = $cf06
+    &byte r4sL  = $cf08
+    &byte r5sL  = $cf0a
+    &byte r6sL  = $cf0c
+    &byte r7sL  = $cf0e
+    &byte r8sL  = $cf10
+    &byte r9sL  = $cf12
+    &byte r10sL = $cf14
+    &byte r11sL = $cf16
+    &byte r12sL = $cf18
+    &byte r13sL = $cf1a
+    &byte r14sL = $cf1c
+    &byte r15sL = $cf1e
+
+    &byte r0sH  = $cf01
+    &byte r1sH  = $cf03
+    &byte r2sH  = $cf05
+    &byte r3sH  = $cf07
+    &byte r4sH  = $cf09
+    &byte r5sH  = $cf0b
+    &byte r6sH  = $cf0d
+    &byte r7sH  = $cf0f
+    &byte r8sH  = $cf11
+    &byte r9sH  = $cf13
+    &byte r10sH = $cf15
+    &byte r11sH = $cf17
+    &byte r12sH = $cf19
+    &byte r13sH = $cf1b
+    &byte r14sH = $cf1d
+    &byte r15sH = $cf1f
 }

compiler/res/prog8lib/conv.p8

@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ conv {
 asmsub  str_ub0  (ubyte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	; ---- convert the ubyte in A in decimal string form, with left padding 0s (3 positions total)
 	%asm {{
-            phx
+            stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
             jsr  conv.ubyte2decimal
             sty  string_out
             sta  string_out+1
             stx  string_out+2
             lda  #0
             sta  string_out+3
-            plx
+            ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
             rts
 	}}
 }
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ asmsub  str_ub0  (ubyte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 asmsub  str_ub  (ubyte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	; ---- convert the ubyte in A in decimal string form, without left padding 0s
 	%asm {{
-		phx
+		stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
 		ldy  #0
 		sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
 		jsr  conv.ubyte2decimal
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ _output_byte_digits
                 iny
                 lda  #0
                 sta  string_out,y
-                plx
+                ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
                 rts
 	}}
 }
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ _output_byte_digits
 asmsub  str_b  (byte value @ A) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	; ---- convert the byte in A in decimal string form, without left padding 0s
 	%asm {{
-            phx
+            stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
             ldy  #0
             sty  P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1
             cmp  #0
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ asmsub  str_uwhex  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 asmsub  str_uw0  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	; ---- convert the uword in A/Y in decimal string form, with left padding 0s (5 positions total)
 	%asm {{
-	    phx
+	    stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
 	    jsr  conv.uword2decimal
 	    ldy  #0
 -           lda  conv.uword2decimal.decTenThousands,y
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ asmsub  str_uw0  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
             beq  +
             iny
             bne  -
-+           plx
++           ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
 	    rts
 	}}
 }
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ asmsub  str_uw0  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 asmsub  str_uw  (uword value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	; ---- convert the uword in A/Y in decimal string form, without left padding 0s
 	%asm {{
-	    phx
+	    stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
 	    jsr  conv.uword2decimal
 	    ldx  #0
 _output_digits
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ _gotdigit   sta  string_out,x
             bne  _gotdigit
 _end        lda  #0
             sta  string_out,x
-            plx
+            ldx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
             rts
 
 _allzero    lda  #'0'
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ asmsub  str_w  (word value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 	%asm {{
 	    cpy  #0
 	    bpl  str_uw
-	    phx
+	    stx  P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG
 	    pha
 	    lda  #'-'
 	    sta  string_out
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ asmsub  uword2decimal  (uword value @AY) -> ubyte @Y, ubyte @A, ubyte @X  {
 
 ;Convert 16 bit Hex to Decimal (0-65535) Rev 2
 ;By Omegamatrix    Further optimizations by tepples
-; routine from http://forums.nesdev.com/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=11341&start=15
+; routine from https://forums.nesdev.org/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=11341&start=15
 
 ;HexToDec99
 ; start in A

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/floats.p8

@@ -10,10 +10,11 @@ floats {
 	; ---- this block contains C-64 compatible floating point related functions ----
 	;      the addresses are from cx16 V39 emulator and roms! they won't work on older versions.
 
-
         const float  PI     = 3.141592653589793
         const float  TWOPI  = 6.283185307179586
 
+        float  tempvar_swap_float     ; used for some swap() operations
+
 
 ; ---- ROM float functions ----
 

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/gfx2.p8

@@ -775,6 +775,7 @@ _done
         ; -- Write some text at the given pixel position. The text string must be in screencode encoding (not petscii!).
         ;    You must also have called text_charset() first to select and prepare the character set to use.
         ;    NOTE: in monochrome (1bpp) screen modes, x position is currently constrained to multiples of 8 !  TODO allow per-pixel horizontal positioning
+        ; TODO draw whole horizontal spans using vera auto increment if possible, instead of per-character columns
         uword chardataptr
         when active_mode {
             1, 5 -> {
@@ -808,11 +809,8 @@ _done
                         sta  cx16.VERA_ADDR_L
                         bcc  +
                         inc  cx16.VERA_ADDR_M
-+                       lda  x
-                        clc
-                        adc  #1
-                        sta  x
-                        bcc  +
++                       inc  x
+                        bne  +
                         inc  x+1
 +                       dey
                         bne  -
@@ -826,7 +824,6 @@ _done
                     chardataptr = charset_addr + (@(sctextptr) as uword)*8
                     cx16.vaddr(charset_bank, chardataptr, 1, 1)
                     repeat 8 {
-                        ; TODO rewrite this inner loop fully in assembly
                         position(x,y)
                         y++
                         %asm {{
@@ -855,7 +852,9 @@ _done
                 while @(sctextptr) {
                     chardataptr = charset_addr + (@(sctextptr) as uword)*8
                     repeat 8 {
-                        ; TODO rewrite this inner loop fully in assembly
+                        ; TODO rewrite this inner loop partly in assembly
+                        ;      requires expanding the charbits to 2-bits per pixel (based on color)
+                        ;      also it's way more efficient to draw whole horizontal spans instead of per-character
                         ubyte charbits = cx16.vpeek(charset_bank, chardataptr)
                         repeat 8 {
                             charbits <<= 1

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/syslib.p8

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ cx16 {
     &uword  IRQ_VEC         = $FFFE     ; 65c02 interrupt vector, determined by the kernal if banked in
 
 
-; the sixteen virtual 16-bit registers
+; the sixteen virtual 16-bit registers in both normal unsigned mode and signed mode (s)
     &uword r0  = $0002
     &uword r1  = $0004
     &uword r2  = $0006
@@ -113,6 +113,23 @@ cx16 {
     &uword r14 = $001e
     &uword r15 = $0020
 
+    &word r0s  = $0002
+    &word r1s  = $0004
+    &word r2s  = $0006
+    &word r3s  = $0008
+    &word r4s  = $000a
+    &word r5s  = $000c
+    &word r6s  = $000e
+    &word r7s  = $0010
+    &word r8s  = $0012
+    &word r9s  = $0014
+    &word r10s = $0016
+    &word r11s = $0018
+    &word r12s = $001a
+    &word r13s = $001c
+    &word r14s = $001e
+    &word r15s = $0020
+
     &ubyte r0L  = $0002
     &ubyte r1L  = $0004
     &ubyte r2L  = $0006
@@ -147,6 +164,39 @@ cx16 {
     &ubyte r14H = $001f
     &ubyte r15H = $0021
 
+    &byte r0sL  = $0002
+    &byte r1sL  = $0004
+    &byte r2sL  = $0006
+    &byte r3sL  = $0008
+    &byte r4sL  = $000a
+    &byte r5sL  = $000c
+    &byte r6sL  = $000e
+    &byte r7sL  = $0010
+    &byte r8sL  = $0012
+    &byte r9sL  = $0014
+    &byte r10sL = $0016
+    &byte r11sL = $0018
+    &byte r12sL = $001a
+    &byte r13sL = $001c
+    &byte r14sL = $001e
+    &byte r15sL = $0020
+
+    &byte r0sH  = $0003
+    &byte r1sH  = $0005
+    &byte r2sH  = $0007
+    &byte r3sH  = $0009
+    &byte r4sH  = $000b
+    &byte r5sH  = $000d
+    &byte r6sH  = $000f
+    &byte r7sH  = $0011
+    &byte r8sH  = $0013
+    &byte r9sH  = $0015
+    &byte r10sH = $0017
+    &byte r11sH = $0019
+    &byte r12sH = $001b
+    &byte r13sH = $001d
+    &byte r14sH = $001f
+    &byte r15sH = $0021
 
 ; VERA registers
 
@@ -262,7 +312,7 @@ romsub $ff56 = joystick_get(ubyte joynr @A) -> ubyte @A, ubyte @X, ubyte @Y
 romsub $ff4d = clock_set_date_time(uword yearmonth @R0, uword dayhours @R1, uword minsecs @R2, ubyte jiffies @R3)  clobbers(A, X, Y)
 romsub $ff50 = clock_get_date_time()  clobbers(A, X, Y)  -> uword @R0, uword @R1, uword @R2, ubyte @R3   ; result registers see clock_set_date_time()
 
-; TODO specify the correct clobbers for alle these functions below, we now assume all 3 regs are clobbered
+; TODO specify the correct clobbers for all functions below, we now assume all 3 regs are clobbered
 
 ; high level graphics & fonts
 romsub $ff20 = GRAPH_init(uword vectors @R0)  clobbers(A,X,Y)
@@ -317,14 +367,14 @@ romsub $fecc = monitor()  clobbers(A,X,Y)
 
 ; ---- utilities -----
 
-inline asmsub rombank(ubyte rombank @A) {
+inline asmsub rombank(ubyte bank @A) {
     ; -- set the rom banks
     %asm {{
         sta  $01            ; rom bank register (v39+, used to be cx16.d1prb $9f60 in v38)
     }}
 }
 
-inline asmsub rambank(ubyte rambank @A) {
+inline asmsub rambank(ubyte bank @A) {
     ; -- set the ram bank
     %asm {{
         sta  $00            ; ram bank register (v39+, used to be cx16.d1pra $9f61 in v38)
@@ -809,27 +859,6 @@ sys {
         }}
     }
 
-    inline asmsub rsave() {
-        ; save cpu status flag and all registers A, X, Y.
-        ; see http://6502.org/tutorials/register_preservation.html
-        %asm {{
-            php
-            pha
-            phy
-            phx
-        }}
-    }
-
-    inline asmsub rrestore() {
-        ; restore all registers and cpu status flag
-        %asm {{
-            plx
-            ply
-            pla
-            plp
-        }}
-    }
-
     inline asmsub read_flags() -> ubyte @A {
         %asm {{
             php
@@ -839,25 +868,25 @@ sys {
 
     inline asmsub clear_carry() {
         %asm {{
-            clc
+        clc
         }}
     }
 
     inline asmsub set_carry() {
         %asm {{
-            sec
+        sec
         }}
     }
 
     inline asmsub clear_irqd() {
         %asm {{
-            cli
+        cli
         }}
     }
 
     inline asmsub set_irqd() {
         %asm {{
-            sei
+        sei
         }}
     }
 

compiler/res/prog8lib/cx16/textio.p8

@@ -565,9 +565,8 @@ asmsub  print_w  (word value @ AY) clobbers(A,Y)  {
 		tay
 		pla
 		eor  #255
-		clc
-		adc  #1
-		bcc  +
+		ina
+		bne +
 		iny
 +		bra  print_uw
 	}}

compiler/res/prog8lib/prog8_funcs.asm

@@ -91,6 +91,13 @@ func_sin8_into_A	.proc
 _sinecos8	.char  trunc(127.0 * sin(range(256+64) * rad(360.0/256.0)))
 		.pend
 
+func_sinr8_into_A	.proc
+		tay
+		lda  _sinecosR8,y
+		rts
+_sinecosR8	.char  trunc(127.0 * sin(range(180+45) * rad(360.0/180.0)))
+		.pend
+
 func_sin8u_into_A	.proc
 		tay
 		lda  _sinecos8u,y
@@ -98,6 +105,13 @@ func_sin8u_into_A	.proc
 _sinecos8u	.byte  trunc(128.0 + 127.5 * sin(range(256+64) * rad(360.0/256.0)))
 		.pend
 
+func_sinr8u_into_A	.proc
+		tay
+		lda  _sinecosR8u,y
+		rts
+_sinecosR8u	.byte  trunc(128.0 + 127.5 * sin(range(180+45) * rad(360.0/180.0)))
+		.pend
+
 func_sin8_stack	.proc
 		tay
 		lda  func_sin8_into_A._sinecos8,y
@@ -106,6 +120,14 @@ func_sin8_stack	.proc
 		rts
 		.pend
 
+func_sinr8_stack	.proc
+		tay
+		lda  func_sinr8_into_A._sinecosR8,y
+		sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
+		dex
+		rts
+		.pend
+
 func_sin8u_stack	.proc
 		tay
 		lda  func_sin8u_into_A._sinecos8u,y
@@ -114,18 +136,38 @@ func_sin8u_stack	.proc
 		rts
 		.pend
 
+func_sinr8u_stack	.proc
+		tay
+		lda  func_sinr8u_into_A._sinecosR8u,y
+		sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
+		dex
+		rts
+		.pend
+
 func_cos8_into_A	.proc
 		tay
 		lda  func_sin8_into_A._sinecos8+64,y
 		rts
 		.pend
 
+func_cosr8_into_A	.proc
+		tay
+		lda  func_sinr8_into_A._sinecosR8+45,y
+		rts
+		.pend
+
 func_cos8u_into_A	.proc
 		tay
 		lda  func_sin8u_into_A._sinecos8u+64,y
 		rts
 		.pend
 
+func_cosr8u_into_A	.proc
+		tay
+		lda  func_sinr8u_into_A._sinecosR8u+45,y
+		rts
+		.pend
+
 func_cos8_stack	.proc
 		tay
 		lda  func_sin8_into_A._sinecos8+64,y
@@ -134,6 +176,14 @@ func_cos8_stack	.proc
 		rts
 		.pend
 
+func_cosr8_stack	.proc
+		tay
+		lda  func_sinr8_into_A._sinecosR8+45,y
+		sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
+		dex
+		rts
+		.pend
+
 func_cos8u_stack	.proc
 		tay
 		lda  func_sin8u_into_A._sinecos8u+64,y
@@ -142,6 +192,14 @@ func_cos8u_stack	.proc
 		rts
 		.pend
 
+func_cosr8u_stack	.proc
+		tay
+		lda  func_sinr8u_into_A._sinecosR8u+45,y
+		sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
+		dex
+		rts
+		.pend
+
 func_sin16_into_AY	.proc
 		tay
 		lda  _sinecos8lo,y
@@ -155,6 +213,19 @@ _sinecos8lo     .byte  <_
 _sinecos8hi     .byte  >_
 		.pend
 
+func_sinr16_into_AY	.proc
+		tay
+		lda  _sinecosR8lo,y
+		pha
+		lda  _sinecosR8hi,y
+		tay
+		pla
+		rts
+_  :=  trunc(32767.0 * sin(range(180+45) * rad(360.0/180.0)))
+_sinecosR8lo     .byte  <_
+_sinecosR8hi     .byte  >_
+		.pend
+
 func_sin16u_into_AY	.proc
 		tay
 		lda  _sinecos8ulo,y
@@ -168,6 +239,18 @@ _sinecos8ulo     .byte  <_
 _sinecos8uhi     .byte  >_
 		.pend
 
+func_sinr16u_into_AY	.proc
+		tay
+		lda  _sinecosR8ulo,y
+		pha
+		lda  _sinecosR8uhi,y
+		tay
+		pla
+		rts
+_  :=  trunc(32768.0 + 32767.5 * sin(range(180+45) * rad(360.0/180.0)))
+_sinecosR8ulo     .byte  <_
+_sinecosR8uhi     .byte  >_
+		.pend
 
 func_sin16_stack	.proc
 		tay
@@ -179,6 +262,16 @@ func_sin16_stack	.proc
 		rts
 		.pend
 
+func_sinr16_stack	.proc
+		tay
+		lda  func_sinr16_into_AY._sinecosR8lo,y
+		sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
+		lda  func_sinr16_into_AY._sinecosR8hi,y
+		sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x
+		dex
+		rts
+		.pend
+
 func_sin16u_stack	.proc
 		tay
 		lda  func_sin16u_into_AY._sinecos8ulo,y
@@ -189,6 +282,16 @@ func_sin16u_stack	.proc
 		rts
 		.pend
 
+func_sinr16u_stack	.proc
+		tay
+		lda  func_sinr16u_into_AY._sinecosR8ulo,y
+		sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
+		lda  func_sinr16u_into_AY._sinecosR8uhi,y
+		sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x
+		dex
+		rts
+		.pend
+
 func_cos16_into_AY	.proc
 		tay
 		lda  func_sin16_into_AY._sinecos8lo+64,y
@@ -199,6 +302,16 @@ func_cos16_into_AY	.proc
 		rts
 		.pend
 
+func_cosr16_into_AY	.proc
+		tay
+		lda  func_sinr16_into_AY._sinecosR8lo+45,y
+		pha
+		lda  func_sinr16_into_AY._sinecosR8hi+45,y
+		tay
+		pla
+		rts
+		.pend
+
 func_cos16u_into_AY	.proc
 		tay
 		lda  func_sin16u_into_AY._sinecos8ulo+64,y
@@ -209,6 +322,16 @@ func_cos16u_into_AY	.proc
 		rts
 		.pend
 
+func_cosr16u_into_AY	.proc
+		tay
+		lda  func_sinr16u_into_AY._sinecosR8ulo+45,y
+		pha
+		lda  func_sinr16u_into_AY._sinecosR8uhi+45,y
+		tay
+		pla
+		rts
+		.pend
+
 func_cos16_stack	.proc
 		tay
 		lda  func_sin16_into_AY._sinecos8lo+64,y
@@ -219,6 +342,16 @@ func_cos16_stack	.proc
 		rts
 		.pend
 
+func_cosr16_stack	.proc
+		tay
+		lda  func_sinr16_into_AY._sinecosR8lo+45,y
+		sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
+		lda  func_sinr16_into_AY._sinecosR8hi+45,y
+		sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x
+		dex
+		rts
+		.pend
+
 func_cos16u_stack	.proc
 		tay
 		lda  func_sin16u_into_AY._sinecos8ulo+64,y
@@ -229,6 +362,16 @@ func_cos16u_stack	.proc
 		rts
 		.pend
 
+func_cosr16u_stack	.proc
+		tay
+		lda  func_sinr16u_into_AY._sinecosR8ulo+45,y
+		sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x
+		lda  func_sinr16u_into_AY._sinecosR8uhi+45,y
+		sta  P8ESTACK_HI,x
+		dex
+		rts
+		.pend
+
 abs_b_stack	.proc
 	; -- push abs(A) on stack (as byte)
 		jsr  abs_b_into_A

compiler/res/prog8lib/prog8_lib.p8

@@ -6,10 +6,24 @@ prog8_lib {
 	%asminclude "library:prog8_lib.asm"
 	%asminclude "library:prog8_funcs.asm"
 
-	uword @zp retval_interm_uw      ; to store intermediary expression results for return values (hopefully allocated on ZP to reduce code size)
-	word @zp retval_interm_w        ; to store intermediary expression results for return values (hopefully allocated on ZP to reduce code size)
-	ubyte @zp retval_interm_ub      ; to store intermediary expression results for return values (hopefully allocated on ZP to reduce code size)
-	byte @zp retval_interm_b        ; to store intermediary expression results for return values (hopefully allocated on ZP to reduce code size)
+	; to store intermediary expression results for return values:
+	; NOTE: these variables are used in the StatementReorderer and StatementOptimizer
+	uword @zp retval_interm_uw
+	word @zp retval_interm_w
+	ubyte @zp retval_interm_ub
+	byte @zp retval_interm_b
+	word retval_interm_w2
+	byte retval_interm_b2
+
+        ; prog8 "hooks" to be able to access the temporary scratch variables
+        ; YOU SHOULD NOT USE THESE IN USER CODE - THESE ARE MEANT FOR INTERNAL COMPILER USE
+        ; NOTE: the assembly code generator will match these names and not generate
+        ;       new variables/memdefs for them, rather, they'll point to the scratch variables directly.
+        &ubyte P8ZP_SCRATCH_REG = $ff
+        &byte P8ZP_SCRATCH_B1 = $ff
+        &uword P8ZP_SCRATCH_W1 = $ff
+        &word P8ZP_SCRATCH_W2 = $ff
+
 
 	asmsub pattern_match(str string @AY, str pattern @R0) clobbers(Y) -> ubyte @A {
 		%asm {{

compiler/res/version.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-7.1
+7.4.1

compiler/src/prog8/CompilerMain.kt

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ package prog8
 import kotlinx.cli.*
 import prog8.ast.base.AstException
 import prog8.compiler.CompilationResult
+import prog8.compiler.CompilerArguments
 import prog8.compiler.compileProgram
 import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
 import prog8.compiler.target.Cx16Target
-import prog8.parser.ParsingFailedError
 import java.io.File
 import java.nio.file.FileSystems
 import java.nio.file.Path
@@ -36,10 +36,12 @@ private fun compileMain(args: Array<String>): Boolean {
     val outputDir by cli.option(ArgType.String, fullName = "out", description = "directory for output files instead of current directory").default(".")
     val dontWriteAssembly by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "noasm", description="don't create assembly code")
     val dontOptimize by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "noopt", description = "don't perform any optimizations")
+    val optimizeFloatExpressions by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "optfloatx", description = "optimize float expressions (warning: can increase program size)")
     val watchMode by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "watch", description = "continuous compilation mode (watches for file changes), greatly increases compilation speed")
     val slowCodegenWarnings by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "slowwarn", description="show debug warnings about slow/problematic assembly code generation")
+    val quietAssembler by cli.option(ArgType.Boolean, fullName = "quietasm", description = "don't print assembler output results")
     val compilationTarget by cli.option(ArgType.String, fullName = "target", description = "target output of the compiler, currently '${C64Target.name}' and '${Cx16Target.name}' available").default(C64Target.name)
-    val sourceDirs by cli.option(ArgType.String, fullName="srcdirs", description = "list of extra paths to search in for imported modules").multiple().delimiter(File.pathSeparator)
+    val sourceDirs by cli.option(ArgType.String, fullName="srcdirs", description = "list of extra paths, separated with ${File.pathSeparator}, to search in for imported modules").multiple().delimiter(File.pathSeparator)
     val moduleFiles by cli.argument(ArgType.String, fullName = "modules", description = "main module file(s) to compile").multiple(999)
 
     try {
@@ -65,6 +67,11 @@ private fun compileMain(args: Array<String>): Boolean {
     if(srcdirs.firstOrNull()!=".")
         srcdirs.add(0, ".")
 
+    if (compilationTarget != C64Target.name && compilationTarget != Cx16Target.name) {
+        System.err.println("Invalid compilation target: $compilationTarget")
+        return false
+    }
+
     if(watchMode==true) {
         val watchservice = FileSystems.getDefault().newWatchService()
         val allImportedFiles = mutableSetOf<Path>()
@@ -74,7 +81,18 @@ private fun compileMain(args: Array<String>): Boolean {
             val results = mutableListOf<CompilationResult>()
             for(filepathRaw in moduleFiles) {
                 val filepath = pathFrom(filepathRaw).normalize()
-                val compilationResult = compileProgram(filepath, dontOptimize!=true, dontWriteAssembly!=true, slowCodegenWarnings==true, compilationTarget, srcdirs, outputPath)
+                val args = CompilerArguments(
+                    filepath,
+                    dontOptimize != true,
+                    optimizeFloatExpressions == true,
+                    dontWriteAssembly != true,
+                    slowCodegenWarnings == true,
+                    quietAssembler == true,
+                    compilationTarget,
+                    srcdirs,
+                    outputPath
+                )
+                val compilationResult = compileProgram(args)
                 results.add(compilationResult)
             }
 
@@ -111,11 +129,20 @@ private fun compileMain(args: Array<String>): Boolean {
             val filepath = pathFrom(filepathRaw).normalize()
             val compilationResult: CompilationResult
             try {
-                compilationResult = compileProgram(filepath, dontOptimize!=true, dontWriteAssembly!=true, slowCodegenWarnings==true, compilationTarget, srcdirs, outputPath)
-                if(!compilationResult.success)
+                val args = CompilerArguments(
+                    filepath,
+                    dontOptimize != true,
+                    optimizeFloatExpressions == true,
+                    dontWriteAssembly != true,
+                    slowCodegenWarnings == true,
+                    quietAssembler == true,
+                    compilationTarget,
+                    srcdirs,
+                    outputPath
+                )
+                compilationResult = compileProgram(args)
+                if (!compilationResult.success)
                     return false
-            } catch (x: ParsingFailedError) {
-                return false
             } catch (x: AstException) {
                 return false
             }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/AssemblyError.kt

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.compiler
-
-internal class AssemblyError(msg: String) : RuntimeException(msg)

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger.kt

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package prog8.compiler
 
 import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
+import prog8.ast.IStatementContainer
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
@@ -9,28 +10,31 @@ import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
 import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
 import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
-import prog8.compiler.astprocessing.isInRegularRAMof
-import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8.compiler.astprocessing.isSubroutineParameter
+import prog8.compiler.target.AssemblyError
+import prog8.compilerinterface.*
+import prog8.optimizer.getTempVarName
 
 
-internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter, private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget) : AstWalker() {
+internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, private val options: CompilationOptions,
+                                             private val errors: IErrorReporter) : AstWalker() {
+
+    private val subroutineVariables = mutableMapOf<Subroutine, MutableList<Pair<String, VarDecl>>>()
+
+    private fun rememberSubroutineVar(decl: VarDecl) {
+        val sub = decl.definingSubroutine ?: return
+        var varsList = subroutineVariables[sub]
+        if(varsList==null) {
+            varsList = mutableListOf()
+            subroutineVariables[sub] = varsList
+        }
+        varsList.add(decl.name to decl)
+    }
 
     override fun after(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        subroutineVariables.add(decl.name to decl)
-        if (decl.value == null && !decl.autogeneratedDontRemove && decl.type == VarDeclType.VAR && decl.datatype in NumericDatatypes) {
-            // A numeric vardecl without an initial value is initialized with zero,
-            // unless there's already an assignment below, that initializes the value.
-            // This allows you to restart the program and have the same starting values of the variables
-            if(decl.allowInitializeWithZero)
-            {
-                val nextAssign = decl.definingScope.nextSibling(decl) as? Assignment
-                if (nextAssign != null && nextAssign.target isSameAs IdentifierReference(listOf(decl.name), Position.DUMMY))
-                    decl.value = null
-                else {
-                    decl.value = decl.zeroElementValue()
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        if(decl.type==VarDeclType.VAR && decl.value != null && decl.datatype in NumericDatatypes)
+            throw FatalAstException("vardecls for variables, with initial numerical value, should have been rewritten as plain vardecl + assignment $decl")
+        rememberSubroutineVar(decl)
         return noModifications
     }
 
@@ -40,26 +44,34 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: I
         // But it can only be done if the target variable IS NOT OCCURRING AS AN OPERAND ITSELF.
         if(!assignment.isAugmentable
                 && assignment.target.identifier != null
-                && assignment.target.isInRegularRAMof(compTarget.machine)) {
+                && !assignment.target.isIOAddress(options.compTarget.machine)) {
             val binExpr = assignment.value as? BinaryExpression
+
+            if(binExpr!=null && binExpr.inferType(program).istype(DataType.FLOAT) && !options.optimizeFloatExpressions)
+                return noModifications
+
             if (binExpr != null && binExpr.operator !in comparisonOperators) {
                 if (binExpr.left !is BinaryExpression) {
-                    if (binExpr.right.referencesIdentifier(*assignment.target.identifier!!.nameInSource.toTypedArray())) {
+                    if (binExpr.right.referencesIdentifier(assignment.target.identifier!!.nameInSource)) {
                         // the right part of the expression contains the target variable itself.
                         // we can't 'split' it trivially because the variable will be changed halfway through.
                         if(binExpr.operator in associativeOperators) {
                             // A = <something-without-A>  <associativeoperator>  <otherthing-with-A>
                             // use the other part of the expression to split.
-                            val assignRight = Assignment(assignment.target, binExpr.right, assignment.position)
+                            val sourceDt = binExpr.right.inferType(program).getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("invalid dt") }
+                            val (_, right) = binExpr.right.typecastTo(assignment.target.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), sourceDt, implicit=true)
+                            val assignRight = Assignment(assignment.target, right, assignment.position)
                             return listOf(
-                                    IAstModification.InsertBefore(assignment, assignRight, assignment.definingScope),
+                                    IAstModification.InsertBefore(assignment, assignRight, parent as IStatementContainer),
                                     IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.right, binExpr.left, binExpr),
                                     IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.left, assignment.target.toExpression(), binExpr))
                         }
                     } else {
-                        val assignLeft = Assignment(assignment.target, binExpr.left, assignment.position)
+                        val sourceDt = binExpr.left.inferType(program).getOrElse { throw AssemblyError("invalid dt") }
+                        val (_, left) = binExpr.left.typecastTo(assignment.target.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), sourceDt, implicit=true)
+                        val assignLeft = Assignment(assignment.target, left, assignment.position)
                         return listOf(
-                                IAstModification.InsertBefore(assignment, assignLeft, assignment.definingScope),
+                                IAstModification.InsertBefore(assignment, assignLeft, parent as IStatementContainer),
                                 IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.left, assignment.target.toExpression(), binExpr))
                     }
                 }
@@ -68,45 +80,16 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: I
         return noModifications
     }
 
-    private val subroutineVariables = mutableListOf<Pair<String, VarDecl>>()
-    private val addedIfConditionVars = mutableSetOf<Pair<Subroutine, String>>()
-
-    override fun before(subroutine: Subroutine, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        subroutineVariables.clear()
-        addedIfConditionVars.clear()
-        return noModifications
-    }
-
     override fun after(scope: AnonymousScope, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        val decls = scope.statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>().filter { it.type == VarDeclType.VAR }
-        subroutineVariables.addAll(decls.map { it.name to it })
-
-        val sub = scope.definingSubroutine
-        if (sub != null) {
-            // move any remaining vardecls of the scope into the upper scope. Make sure the position remains the same!
-            val replacements = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
-            val movements = mutableListOf<IAstModification.InsertFirst>()
-
-            for(decl in decls) {
-                if(decl.value!=null && decl.datatype in NumericDatatypes) {
-                    val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf(decl.name), decl.position), null, null, decl.position)
-                    val assign = Assignment(target, decl.value!!, decl.position)
-                    replacements.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(decl, assign, scope))
-                    decl.value = null
-                    decl.allowInitializeWithZero = false
-                } else {
-                    replacements.add(IAstModification.Remove(decl, scope))
-                }
-                movements.add(IAstModification.InsertFirst(decl, sub))
-            }
-            return replacements + movements
-        }
+        if(scope.statements.any { it is VarDecl || it is IStatementContainer })
+            throw FatalAstException("anonymousscope may no longer contain any vardecls or subscopes")
         return noModifications
     }
 
     override fun after(subroutine: Subroutine, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         val firstDeclarations = mutableMapOf<String, VarDecl>()
-        for(decl in subroutineVariables) {
+        val rememberedSubroutineVars = subroutineVariables.getOrDefault(subroutine, mutableListOf())
+        for(decl in rememberedSubroutineVars) {
             val existing = firstDeclarations[decl.first]
             if(existing!=null && existing !== decl.second) {
                 errors.err("variable ${decl.first} already defined in subroutine ${subroutine.name} at ${existing.position}", decl.second.position)
@@ -114,7 +97,7 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: I
                 firstDeclarations[decl.first] = decl.second
             }
         }
-
+        rememberedSubroutineVars.clear()
 
         // add the implicit return statement at the end (if it's not there yet), but only if it's not a kernal routine.
         // and if an assembly block doesn't contain a rts/rti, and some other situations.
@@ -144,9 +127,10 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: I
     }
 
     override fun after(typecast: TypecastExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        // see if we can remove superfluous typecasts (outside of expressions)
+        // see if we can remove redundant typecasts (outside of expressions)
         // such as casting byte<->ubyte,  word<->uword
-        // Also the special typecast of a reference type (str, array) to an UWORD will be changed into address-of.
+        // Also the special typecast of a reference type (str, array) to an UWORD will be changed into address-of,
+        //   UNLESS it's a str parameter in the containing subroutine - then we remove the typecast altogether
         val sourceDt = typecast.expression.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
         if (typecast.type in ByteDatatypes && sourceDt in ByteDatatypes
                 || typecast.type in WordDatatypes && sourceDt in WordDatatypes) {
@@ -155,22 +139,23 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: I
             }
         }
 
-
-        // Note: for various reasons (most importantly, code simplicity), the code generator assumes/requires
-        // that the types of assignment values and their target are the same,
-        // and that the types of both operands of a binaryexpression node are the same.
-        // So, it is not easily possible to remove the typecasts that are there to make these conditions true.
-        // The only place for now where we can do this is for:
-        //    asmsub register pair parameter.
-
         if(sourceDt in PassByReferenceDatatypes) {
             if(typecast.type==DataType.UWORD) {
-                if(typecast.expression is IdentifierReference) {
-                    return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
+                val identifier = typecast.expression as? IdentifierReference
+                if(identifier!=null) {
+                    return if(identifier.isSubroutineParameter(program)) {
+                        listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
                             typecast,
-                            AddressOf(typecast.expression as IdentifierReference, typecast.position),
+                            typecast.expression,
                             parent
-                    ))
+                        ))
+                    } else {
+                        listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
+                            typecast,
+                            AddressOf(identifier, typecast.position),
+                            parent
+                        ))
+                    }
                 } else if(typecast.expression is IFunctionCall) {
                     return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
                             typecast,
@@ -186,7 +171,15 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: I
         return noModifications
     }
 
+    @Suppress("DuplicatedCode")
     override fun after(ifStatement: IfStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        val prefixExpr = ifStatement.condition as? PrefixExpression
+        if(prefixExpr!=null && prefixExpr.operator=="not") {
+            // if not x -> if x==0
+            val booleanExpr = BinaryExpression(prefixExpr.expression, "==", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, ifStatement.condition.position), ifStatement.condition.position)
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(ifStatement.condition, booleanExpr, ifStatement))
+        }
+
         val binExpr = ifStatement.condition as? BinaryExpression
         if(binExpr==null || binExpr.operator !in comparisonOperators) {
             // if x  ->  if x!=0,    if x+5  ->  if x+5 != 0
@@ -194,71 +187,142 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: I
             return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(ifStatement.condition, booleanExpr, ifStatement))
         }
 
-        if((binExpr.operator=="==" || binExpr.operator=="!=") &&
-            (binExpr.left as? NumericLiteralValue)?.number==0 &&
-            (binExpr.right as? NumericLiteralValue)?.number!=0)
-            throw CompilerException("if 0==X should have been swapped to if X==0")
+        if((binExpr.left as? NumericLiteralValue)?.number==0.0 &&
+            (binExpr.right as? NumericLiteralValue)?.number!=0.0)
+            throw FatalAstException("0==X should have been swapped to if X==0")
 
-        // split the conditional expression into separate variables if the operand(s) is not simple.
-        // DISABLED FOR NOW AS IT GENEREATES LARGER CODE IN THE SIMPLE CASES LIKE    IF X {...}  or  IF NOT X {...}
-//        val modifications = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
-//        if(!binExpr.left.isSimple) {
-//            val sub = binExpr.definingSubroutine()!!
-//            val (variable, isNew, assignment) = addIfOperandVar(sub, "left", binExpr.left)
-//            if(isNew)
-//                modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertFirst(variable, sub))
-//            modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertBefore(ifStatement, assignment, parent as INameScope))
-//            modifications.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.left, IdentifierReference(listOf(variable.name), binExpr.position), binExpr))
-//            addedIfConditionVars.add(Pair(sub, variable.name))
-//        }
-//        if(!binExpr.right.isSimple) {
-//            val sub = binExpr.definingSubroutine()!!
-//            val (variable, isNew, assignment) = addIfOperandVar(sub, "right", binExpr.right)
-//            if(isNew)
-//                modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertFirst(variable, sub))
-//            modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertBefore(ifStatement, assignment, parent as INameScope))
-//            modifications.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.right, IdentifierReference(listOf(variable.name), binExpr.position), binExpr))
-//            addedIfConditionVars.add(Pair(sub, variable.name))
-//        }
-//        return modifications
-        return noModifications
+        // simplify the conditional expression, introduce simple assignments if required.
+        // NOTE: sometimes this increases code size because additional stores/loads are generated for the
+        //       intermediate variables. We assume these are optimized away from the resulting assembly code later.
+        val simplify = simplifyConditionalExpression(binExpr)
+        val modifications = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
+        if(simplify.rightVarAssignment!=null) {
+            modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.right, simplify.rightOperandReplacement!!, binExpr)
+            modifications += IAstModification.InsertBefore(ifStatement, simplify.rightVarAssignment, parent as IStatementContainer)
+        }
+        if(simplify.leftVarAssignment!=null) {
+            modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.left, simplify.leftOperandReplacement!!, binExpr)
+            modifications += IAstModification.InsertBefore(ifStatement, simplify.leftVarAssignment, parent as IStatementContainer)
+        }
+
+        return modifications
     }
 
-//    private fun addIfOperandVar(sub: Subroutine, side: String, operand: Expression): Triple<VarDecl, Boolean, Assignment> {
-//        val dt = operand.inferType(program).typeOrElse(DataType.UNDEFINED)
-//        val varname = "prog8_ifvar_${side}_${dt.name.toLowerCase()}"
-//        val tgt = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf(varname), operand.position), null, null, operand.position)
-//        val assign = Assignment(tgt, operand, operand.position)
-//        if(Pair(sub, varname) in addedIfConditionVars) {
-//            val vardecl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, dt, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, varname, null, null, false, true, operand.position)
-//            return Triple(vardecl, false, assign)
-//        }
-//        val existing = sub.statements.firstOrNull { it is VarDecl && it.name == varname} as VarDecl?
-//        return if (existing == null) {
-//            val vardecl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, dt, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, varname, null, null, false, true, operand.position)
-//            Triple(vardecl, true, assign)
-//        } else {
-//            Triple(existing, false, assign)
-//        }
-//    }
+    private class CondExprSimplificationResult(
+        val leftVarAssignment: Assignment?,
+        val leftOperandReplacement: Expression?,
+        val rightVarAssignment: Assignment?,
+        val rightOperandReplacement: Expression?
+    )
 
+    private fun simplifyConditionalExpression(expr: BinaryExpression): CondExprSimplificationResult {
+
+        // TODO: somehow figure out if the expr will result in stack-evaluation STILL after being split off,
+        //       in that case: do *not* split it off but just keep it as it is (otherwise code size increases)
+
+        var leftAssignment: Assignment? = null
+        var leftOperandReplacement: Expression? = null
+        var rightAssignment: Assignment? = null
+        var rightOperandReplacement: Expression? = null
+
+        val separateLeftExpr = !expr.left.isSimple && expr.left !is IFunctionCall
+        val separateRightExpr = !expr.right.isSimple && expr.right !is IFunctionCall
+
+        if(separateLeftExpr) {
+            val name = getTempVarName(expr.left.inferType(program))
+            leftOperandReplacement = IdentifierReference(name, expr.position)
+            leftAssignment = Assignment(
+                AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(name, expr.position), null, null, expr.position),
+                expr.left,
+                expr.position
+            )
+        }
+        if(separateRightExpr) {
+            val dt = expr.right.inferType(program)
+            val name = when {
+                dt.istype(DataType.UBYTE) -> listOf("prog8_lib","retval_interm_ub")
+                dt.istype(DataType.UWORD) -> listOf("prog8_lib","retval_interm_uw")
+                dt.istype(DataType.BYTE) -> listOf("prog8_lib","retval_interm_b2")
+                dt.istype(DataType.WORD) -> listOf("prog8_lib","retval_interm_w2")
+                else -> throw AssemblyError("invalid dt")
+            }
+            rightOperandReplacement = IdentifierReference(name, expr.position)
+            rightAssignment = Assignment(
+                AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(name, expr.position), null, null, expr.position),
+                expr.right,
+                expr.position
+            )
+        }
+        return CondExprSimplificationResult(
+            leftAssignment, leftOperandReplacement,
+            rightAssignment, rightOperandReplacement
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Suppress("DuplicatedCode")
     override fun after(untilLoop: UntilLoop, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        val prefixExpr = untilLoop.condition as? PrefixExpression
+        if(prefixExpr!=null && prefixExpr.operator=="not") {
+            // until not x -> until x==0
+            val booleanExpr = BinaryExpression(prefixExpr.expression, "==", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, untilLoop.condition.position), untilLoop.condition.position)
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(untilLoop.condition, booleanExpr, untilLoop))
+        }
+
         val binExpr = untilLoop.condition as? BinaryExpression
         if(binExpr==null || binExpr.operator !in comparisonOperators) {
             // until x  ->  until x!=0,    until x+5  ->  until x+5 != 0
             val booleanExpr = BinaryExpression(untilLoop.condition, "!=", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, untilLoop.condition.position), untilLoop.condition.position)
             return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(untilLoop.condition, booleanExpr, untilLoop))
         }
-        return noModifications
+
+        if((binExpr.left as? NumericLiteralValue)?.number==0.0 &&
+            (binExpr.right as? NumericLiteralValue)?.number!=0.0)
+            throw FatalAstException("0==X should have been swapped to if X==0")
+
+        // simplify the conditional expression, introduce simple assignments if required.
+        // NOTE: sometimes this increases code size because additional stores/loads are generated for the
+        //       intermediate variables. We assume these are optimized away from the resulting assembly code later.
+        val simplify = simplifyConditionalExpression(binExpr)
+        val modifications = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
+        if(simplify.rightVarAssignment!=null) {
+            modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.right, simplify.rightOperandReplacement!!, binExpr)
+            modifications += IAstModification.InsertLast(simplify.rightVarAssignment, untilLoop.body)
+        }
+        if(simplify.leftVarAssignment!=null) {
+            modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr.left, simplify.leftOperandReplacement!!, binExpr)
+            modifications += IAstModification.InsertLast(simplify.leftVarAssignment, untilLoop.body)
+        }
+
+        return modifications
     }
 
+    @Suppress("DuplicatedCode")
     override fun after(whileLoop: WhileLoop, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        val prefixExpr = whileLoop.condition as? PrefixExpression
+        if(prefixExpr!=null && prefixExpr.operator=="not") {
+            // while not x -> while x==0
+            val booleanExpr = BinaryExpression(prefixExpr.expression, "==", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, whileLoop.condition.position), whileLoop.condition.position)
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(whileLoop.condition, booleanExpr, whileLoop))
+        }
+
         val binExpr = whileLoop.condition as? BinaryExpression
         if(binExpr==null || binExpr.operator !in comparisonOperators) {
             // while x  ->  while x!=0,    while x+5  ->  while x+5 != 0
             val booleanExpr = BinaryExpression(whileLoop.condition, "!=", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, whileLoop.condition.position), whileLoop.condition.position)
             return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(whileLoop.condition, booleanExpr, whileLoop))
         }
+
+        if((binExpr.left as? NumericLiteralValue)?.number==0.0 &&
+            (binExpr.right as? NumericLiteralValue)?.number!=0.0)
+            throw FatalAstException("0==X should have been swapped to if X==0")
+
+        // TODO simplify the conditional expression, introduce simple assignments if required.
+        // NOTE: sometimes this increases code size because additional stores/loads are generated for the
+        //       intermediate variables. We assume these are optimized away from the resulting assembly code later.
+        // NOTE: this is nasty for a while-statement as the condition occurs at the top of the loop
+        //       so the expression needs to be evaluated also before the loop is entered...
+        //       but I don't want to duplicate the expression.
+        // val simplify = simplifyConditionalExpression(binExpr)
         return noModifications
     }
 
@@ -272,13 +336,15 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: I
             if(dt1 in ByteDatatypes) {
                 if(dt2 in ByteDatatypes)
                     return noModifications
-                val cast1 = TypecastExpression(arg1, if(dt1==DataType.UBYTE) DataType.UWORD else DataType.WORD, true, functionCallStatement.position)
-                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(arg1, cast1, functionCallStatement))
+                val (replaced, cast) = arg1.typecastTo(if(dt1==DataType.UBYTE) DataType.UWORD else DataType.WORD, dt1, true)
+                if(replaced)
+                    return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(arg1, cast, functionCallStatement))
             } else {
                 if(dt2 in WordDatatypes)
                     return noModifications
-                val cast2 = TypecastExpression(arg2, if(dt2==DataType.UBYTE) DataType.UWORD else DataType.WORD, true, functionCallStatement.position)
-                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(arg2, cast2, functionCallStatement))
+                val (replaced, cast) = arg2.typecastTo(if(dt2==DataType.UBYTE) DataType.UWORD else DataType.WORD, dt2, true)
+                if(replaced)
+                    return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(arg2, cast, functionCallStatement))
             }
         }
         return noModifications
@@ -342,12 +408,12 @@ internal class BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(val program: Program, val errors: I
         val modifications = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
         val statement = expr.containingStatement
         val dt = expr.indexer.indexExpr.inferType(program)
-        val register = if(dt istype DataType.UBYTE  || dt istype DataType.BYTE ) "r9L" else "r9"
+        val register = if(dt istype DataType.UBYTE  || dt istype DataType.BYTE ) "retval_interm_ub" else "retval_interm_b"
         // replace the indexer with just the variable (simply use a cx16 virtual register r9, that we HOPE is not used for other things in the expression...)
         // assign the indexing expression to the helper variable, but only if that hasn't been done already
-        val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf("cx16", register), expr.indexer.position), null, null, expr.indexer.position)
+        val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf("prog8_lib", register), expr.indexer.position), null, null, expr.indexer.position)
         val assign = Assignment(target, expr.indexer.indexExpr, expr.indexer.position)
-        modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertBefore(statement, assign, statement.definingScope))
+        modifications.add(IAstModification.InsertBefore(statement, assign, statement.parent as IStatementContainer))
         modifications.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.indexer.indexExpr, target.identifier!!.copy(), expr.indexer))
         return modifications
     }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/Compiler.kt

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 package prog8.compiler
 
 import com.github.michaelbull.result.*
-import prog8.ast.AstToSourceCode
+import prog8.ast.AstToSourceTextConverter
 import prog8.ast.IBuiltinFunctions
-import prog8.ast.IMemSizer
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.AstException
 import prog8.ast.base.Position
@@ -11,76 +10,45 @@ import prog8.ast.expressions.Expression
 import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
 import prog8.ast.statements.Directive
 import prog8.compiler.astprocessing.*
-import prog8.compiler.functions.*
 import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
 import prog8.compiler.target.Cx16Target
-import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
-import prog8.compiler.target.asmGeneratorFor
+import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.AsmGen
+import prog8.compilerinterface.*
 import prog8.optimizer.*
 import prog8.parser.ParseError
-import prog8.parser.ParsingFailedError
-import prog8.parser.SourceCode
-import prog8.parser.SourceCode.Companion.libraryFilePrefix
-import java.io.File
 import java.nio.file.Path
 import kotlin.io.path.Path
 import kotlin.io.path.nameWithoutExtension
 import kotlin.system.measureTimeMillis
 
 
-enum class OutputType {
-    RAW,
-    PRG
-}
-
-enum class LauncherType {
-    BASIC,
-    NONE
-}
-
-enum class ZeropageType {
-    BASICSAFE,
-    FLOATSAFE,
-    KERNALSAFE,
-    FULL,
-    DONTUSE
-}
-
-data class CompilationOptions(val output: OutputType,
-                              val launcher: LauncherType,
-                              val zeropage: ZeropageType,
-                              val zpReserved: List<IntRange>,
-                              val floats: Boolean,
-                              val noSysInit: Boolean,
-                              val compTarget: ICompilationTarget) {
-    var slowCodegenWarnings = false
-    var optimize = false
-}
-
-
-class CompilerException(message: String?) : Exception(message)
-
 class CompilationResult(val success: Boolean,
-                        val programAst: Program,
+                        val program: Program,
                         val programName: String,
                         val compTarget: ICompilationTarget,
                         val importedFiles: List<Path>)
 
+class CompilerArguments(val filepath: Path,
+                        val optimize: Boolean,
+                        val optimizeFloatExpressions: Boolean,
+                        val writeAssembly: Boolean,
+                        val slowCodegenWarnings: Boolean,
+                        val quietAssembler: Boolean,
+                        val compilationTarget: String,
+                        val sourceDirs: List<String> = emptyList(),
+                        val outputDir: Path = Path(""),
+                        val errors: IErrorReporter = ErrorReporter())
 
-fun compileProgram(filepath: Path,
-                   optimize: Boolean,
-                   writeAssembly: Boolean,
-                   slowCodegenWarnings: Boolean,
-                   compilationTarget: String,
-                   sourceDirs: List<String>,
-                   outputDir: Path): CompilationResult {
+
+fun compileProgram(args: CompilerArguments): CompilationResult {
     var programName = ""
-    lateinit var programAst: Program
+    lateinit var program: Program
     lateinit var importedFiles: List<Path>
-    val errors = ErrorReporter()
+
+    val optimizeFloatExpr = if(args.optimize) args.optimizeFloatExpressions else false
 
     val compTarget =
-        when(compilationTarget) {
+        when(args.compilationTarget) {
             C64Target.name -> C64Target
             Cx16Target.name -> Cx16Target
             else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("invalid compilation target")
@@ -89,31 +57,35 @@ fun compileProgram(filepath: Path,
     try {
         val totalTime = measureTimeMillis {
             // import main module and everything it needs
-            val (ast, compilationOptions, imported) = parseImports(filepath, errors, compTarget, sourceDirs)
-            compilationOptions.slowCodegenWarnings = slowCodegenWarnings
-            compilationOptions.optimize = optimize
-            programAst = ast
+            val (programresult, compilationOptions, imported) = parseImports(args.filepath, args.errors, compTarget, args.sourceDirs)
+            with(compilationOptions) {
+                this.slowCodegenWarnings = args.slowCodegenWarnings
+                this.optimize = args.optimize
+                this.optimizeFloatExpressions = optimizeFloatExpr
+            }
+            program = programresult
             importedFiles = imported
-            processAst(programAst, errors, compilationOptions)
+            processAst(program, args.errors, compilationOptions)
             if (compilationOptions.optimize)
                 optimizeAst(
-                    programAst,
-                    errors,
+                    program,
+                    compilationOptions,
+                    args.errors,
                     BuiltinFunctionsFacade(BuiltinFunctions),
-                    compTarget,
-                    compilationOptions
+                    compTarget
                 )
-            postprocessAst(programAst, errors, compilationOptions)
+            postprocessAst(program, args.errors, compilationOptions)
 
-            // printAst(programAst)
+//            println("*********** AST BEFORE ASSEMBLYGEN *************")
+//            printProgram(program)
 
-            if (writeAssembly) {
-                val result = writeAssembly(programAst, errors, outputDir, compilationOptions)
+            if (args.writeAssembly) {
+                val result = writeAssembly(program, args.errors, args.outputDir, args.quietAssembler, compilationOptions)
                 when (result) {
                     is WriteAssemblyResult.Ok -> programName = result.filename
                     is WriteAssemblyResult.Fail -> {
                         System.err.println(result.error)
-                        return CompilationResult(false, programAst, programName, compTarget, importedFiles)
+                        return CompilationResult(false, program, programName, compTarget, importedFiles)
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -121,14 +93,20 @@ fun compileProgram(filepath: Path,
         System.out.flush()
         System.err.flush()
         println("\nTotal compilation+assemble time: ${totalTime / 1000.0} sec.")
-        return CompilationResult(true, programAst, programName, compTarget, importedFiles)
+        return CompilationResult(true, program, programName, compTarget, importedFiles)
     } catch (px: ParseError) {
         System.err.print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
         System.err.println("${px.position.toClickableStr()} parse error: ${px.message}".trim())
         System.err.print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
-    } catch (pfx: ParsingFailedError) {
+    } catch (ac: AbortCompilation) {
+        if(!ac.message.isNullOrEmpty()) {
+            System.err.print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
+            System.err.println(ac.message)
+            System.err.print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
+        }
+    } catch (nsf: NoSuchFileException) {
         System.err.print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
-        System.err.println(pfx.message)
+        System.err.println("File not found: ${nsf.message}")
         System.err.print("\u001b[0m")  // reset
     } catch (ax: AstException) {
         System.err.print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
@@ -148,7 +126,7 @@ fun compileProgram(filepath: Path,
         throw x
     }
 
-    val failedProgram = Program("failed", BuiltinFunctionsFacade(BuiltinFunctions), compTarget)
+    val failedProgram = Program("failed", BuiltinFunctionsFacade(BuiltinFunctions), compTarget, compTarget)
     return CompilationResult(false, failedProgram, programName, compTarget, emptyList())
 }
 
@@ -158,13 +136,13 @@ private class BuiltinFunctionsFacade(functions: Map<String, FSignature>): IBuilt
     override val names = functions.keys
     override val purefunctionNames = functions.filter { it.value.pure }.map { it.key }.toSet()
 
-    override fun constValue(name: String, args: List<Expression>, position: Position, memsizer: IMemSizer): NumericLiteralValue? {
+    override fun constValue(name: String, args: List<Expression>, position: Position): NumericLiteralValue? {
         val func = BuiltinFunctions[name]
         if(func!=null) {
             val exprfunc = func.constExpressionFunc
             if(exprfunc!=null) {
                 return try {
-                    exprfunc(args, position, program, memsizer)
+                    exprfunc(args, position, program)
                 } catch(x: NotConstArgumentException) {
                     // const-evaluating the builtin function call failed.
                     null
@@ -188,21 +166,18 @@ fun parseImports(filepath: Path,
                  sourceDirs: List<String>): Triple<Program, CompilationOptions, List<Path>> {
     println("Compiler target: ${compTarget.name}. Parsing...")
     val bf = BuiltinFunctionsFacade(BuiltinFunctions)
-    val programAst = Program(filepath.nameWithoutExtension, bf, compTarget)
-    bf.program = programAst
+    val program = Program(filepath.nameWithoutExtension, bf, compTarget, compTarget)
+    bf.program = program
 
-    val importer = ModuleImporter(programAst, compTarget.name, errors, sourceDirs)
+    val importer = ModuleImporter(program, compTarget.name, errors, sourceDirs)
     val importedModuleResult = importer.importModule(filepath)
     importedModuleResult.onFailure { throw it }
     errors.report()
 
-    val importedFiles = programAst.modules.map { it.source }
+    val importedFiles = program.modules.map { it.source }
         .filter { it.isFromFilesystem }
         .map { Path(it.origin) }
-    val compilerOptions = determineCompilationOptions(programAst, compTarget)
-    if (compilerOptions.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC && compilerOptions.output != OutputType.PRG)
-        throw ParsingFailedError("${programAst.modules.first().position} BASIC launcher requires output type PRG.")
-
+    val compilerOptions = determineCompilationOptions(program, compTarget)
     // depending on the machine and compiler options we may have to include some libraries
     for(lib in compTarget.machine.importLibs(compilerOptions, compTarget.name))
         importer.importLibraryModule(lib)
@@ -210,8 +185,12 @@ fun parseImports(filepath: Path,
     // always import prog8_lib and math
     importer.importLibraryModule("math")
     importer.importLibraryModule("prog8_lib")
+
+    if (compilerOptions.launcher == LauncherType.BASIC && compilerOptions.output != OutputType.PRG)
+        errors.err("BASIC launcher requires output type PRG", program.toplevelModule.position)
     errors.report()
-    return Triple(programAst, compilerOptions, importedFiles)
+
+    return Triple(program, compilerOptions, importedFiles)
 }
 
 fun determineCompilationOptions(program: Program, compTarget: ICompilationTarget): CompilationOptions {
@@ -274,44 +253,45 @@ fun determineCompilationOptions(program: Program, compTarget: ICompilationTarget
     )
 }
 
-private fun processAst(programAst: Program, errors: IErrorReporter, compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+private fun processAst(program: Program, errors: IErrorReporter, compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
     // perform initial syntax checks and processings
     println("Processing for target ${compilerOptions.compTarget.name}...")
-    programAst.checkIdentifiers(errors, compilerOptions)
+    program.preprocessAst(program)
+    program.checkIdentifiers(errors, program, compilerOptions)
     errors.report()
     // TODO: turning char literals into UBYTEs via an encoding should really happen in code gen - but for that we'd need DataType.CHAR
-    // NOTE: we will then lose the opportunity to do constant-folding on any expression containing a char literal, but how often will those occur?
-    // Also they might be optimized away eventually in codegen or by the assembler even
-    programAst.charLiteralsToUByteLiterals(errors, compilerOptions.compTarget)
+    //       ...but what do we gain from this? We can leave it as it is now: where a char literal is no more than syntactic sugar for an UBYTE value.
+    //       By introduction a CHAR dt, we will also lose the opportunity to do constant-folding on any expression containing a char literal.
+    //       Yes this is different from strings that are only encoded in the code gen phase.
+    program.charLiteralsToUByteLiterals(compilerOptions.compTarget)
+    program.constantFold(errors, compilerOptions.compTarget)
     errors.report()
-    programAst.constantFold(errors, compilerOptions.compTarget)
+    program.reorderStatements(errors, compilerOptions)
     errors.report()
-    programAst.reorderStatements(errors)
+    program.addTypecasts(errors)
     errors.report()
-    programAst.addTypecasts(errors)
+    program.variousCleanups(program, errors)
     errors.report()
-    programAst.variousCleanups(programAst, errors)
+    program.checkValid(errors, compilerOptions)
     errors.report()
-    programAst.checkValid(compilerOptions, errors, compilerOptions.compTarget)
-    errors.report()
-    programAst.checkIdentifiers(errors, compilerOptions)
+    program.checkIdentifiers(errors, program, compilerOptions)
     errors.report()
 }
 
-private fun optimizeAst(programAst: Program, errors: IErrorReporter, functions: IBuiltinFunctions, compTarget: ICompilationTarget, options: CompilationOptions) {
+private fun optimizeAst(program: Program, compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, errors: IErrorReporter, functions: IBuiltinFunctions, compTarget: ICompilationTarget) {
     // optimize the parse tree
     println("Optimizing...")
 
-    val remover = UnusedCodeRemover(programAst, errors, compTarget)
-    remover.visit(programAst)
+    val remover = UnusedCodeRemover(program, errors, compTarget)
+    remover.visit(program)
     remover.applyModifications()
 
     while (true) {
         // keep optimizing expressions and statements until no more steps remain
-        val optsDone1 = programAst.simplifyExpressions()
-        val optsDone2 = programAst.splitBinaryExpressions(compTarget)
-        val optsDone3 = programAst.optimizeStatements(errors, functions, compTarget)
-        programAst.constantFold(errors, compTarget) // because simplified statements and expressions can result in more constants that can be folded away
+        val optsDone1 = program.simplifyExpressions()
+        val optsDone2 = program.splitBinaryExpressions(compilerOptions, compTarget)
+        val optsDone3 = program.optimizeStatements(errors, functions, compTarget)
+        program.constantFold(errors, compTarget) // because simplified statements and expressions can result in more constants that can be folded away
         errors.report()
         if (optsDone1 + optsDone2 + optsDone3 == 0)
             break
@@ -320,17 +300,17 @@ private fun optimizeAst(programAst: Program, errors: IErrorReporter, functions:
     errors.report()
 }
 
-private fun postprocessAst(programAst: Program, errors: IErrorReporter, compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
-    programAst.addTypecasts(errors)
+private fun postprocessAst(program: Program, errors: IErrorReporter, compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+    program.addTypecasts(errors)
     errors.report()
-    programAst.variousCleanups(programAst, errors)
-    programAst.checkValid(compilerOptions, errors, compilerOptions.compTarget)          // check if final tree is still valid
+    program.variousCleanups(program, errors)
+    program.checkValid(errors, compilerOptions)          // check if final tree is still valid
     errors.report()
-    val callGraph = CallGraph(programAst)
+    val callGraph = CallGraph(program)
     callGraph.checkRecursiveCalls(errors)
     errors.report()
-    programAst.verifyFunctionArgTypes()
-    programAst.moveMainAndStartToFirst()
+    program.verifyFunctionArgTypes()
+    program.moveMainAndStartToFirst()
 }
 
 private sealed class WriteAssemblyResult {
@@ -338,58 +318,56 @@ private sealed class WriteAssemblyResult {
     class Fail(val error: String): WriteAssemblyResult()
 }
 
-private fun writeAssembly(programAst: Program,
+private fun writeAssembly(program: Program,
                           errors: IErrorReporter,
                           outputDir: Path,
-                          compilerOptions: CompilationOptions): WriteAssemblyResult {
+                          quietAssembler: Boolean,
+                          compilerOptions: CompilationOptions
+): WriteAssemblyResult {
     // asm generation directly from the Ast
-    programAst.processAstBeforeAsmGeneration(errors, compilerOptions.compTarget)
+    program.processAstBeforeAsmGeneration(compilerOptions, errors)
     errors.report()
 
-    // printAst(programAst)
+//    println("*********** AST RIGHT BEFORE ASM GENERATION *************")
+//    printProgram(program)
 
     compilerOptions.compTarget.machine.initializeZeropage(compilerOptions)
     val assembly = asmGeneratorFor(compilerOptions.compTarget,
-            programAst,
+            program,
             errors,
             compilerOptions.compTarget.machine.zeropage,
             compilerOptions,
             outputDir).compileToAssembly()
+    errors.report()
 
     return if(assembly.valid && errors.noErrors()) {
-        val assemblerReturnStatus = assembly.assemble(compilerOptions)
+        val assemblerReturnStatus = assembly.assemble(quietAssembler, compilerOptions)
         if(assemblerReturnStatus!=0)
             WriteAssemblyResult.Fail("assembler step failed with return code $assemblerReturnStatus")
         else {
-            errors.report()
             WriteAssemblyResult.Ok(assembly.name)
         }
     } else {
-        errors.report()
         WriteAssemblyResult.Fail("compiler failed with errors")
     }
 }
 
-fun printAst(programAst: Program) {
+fun printProgram(program: Program) {
     println()
-    val printer = AstToSourceCode(::print, programAst)
-    printer.visit(programAst)
+    val printer = AstToSourceTextConverter(::print, program)
+    printer.visit(program)
     println()
 }
 
-internal fun loadAsmIncludeFile(filename: String, source: SourceCode): Result<String, NoSuchFileException> {
-    return if (filename.startsWith(libraryFilePrefix)) {
-        return runCatching {
-            val stream = object {}.javaClass.getResourceAsStream("/prog8lib/${filename.substring(libraryFilePrefix.length)}") // TODO handle via SourceCode
-            stream!!.bufferedReader().use { r -> r.readText() }
-        }.mapError { NoSuchFileException(File(filename)) }
-    } else {
-        // first try in the isSameAs folder as where the containing file was imported from
-        val sib = Path(source.origin).resolveSibling(filename)
-
-        if (sib.toFile().isFile)
-            Ok(sib.toFile().readText())
-        else
-            Ok(File(filename).readText())
-    }
+internal fun asmGeneratorFor(
+    compTarget: ICompilationTarget,
+    program: Program,
+    errors: IErrorReporter,
+    zp: Zeropage,
+    options: CompilationOptions,
+    outputDir: Path
+): IAssemblyGenerator
+{
+    // at the moment we only have one code generation backend (for 6502 and 65c02)
+    return AsmGen(program, errors, zp, options, compTarget, outputDir)
 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/ErrorReporter.kt

@@ -1,16 +1,7 @@
 package prog8.compiler
 
 import prog8.ast.base.Position
-import prog8.parser.ParsingFailedError
-
-
-interface IErrorReporter {
-    fun err(msg: String, position: Position)
-    fun warn(msg: String, position: Position)
-    fun noErrors(): Boolean
-    fun report()
-}
-
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IErrorReporter
 
 internal class ErrorReporter: IErrorReporter {
     private enum class MessageSeverity {
@@ -33,24 +24,29 @@ internal class ErrorReporter: IErrorReporter {
         var numErrors = 0
         var numWarnings = 0
         messages.forEach {
+            val printer = when(it.severity) {
+                MessageSeverity.WARNING -> System.out
+                MessageSeverity.ERROR -> System.err
+            }
             when(it.severity) {
-                MessageSeverity.ERROR -> System.err.print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
-                MessageSeverity.WARNING -> System.err.print("\u001b[93m")  // bright yellow
+                MessageSeverity.ERROR -> printer.print("\u001b[91m")  // bright red
+                MessageSeverity.WARNING -> printer.print("\u001b[93m")  // bright yellow
             }
             val msg = "${it.position.toClickableStr()} ${it.severity} ${it.message}".trim()
             if(msg !in alreadyReportedMessages) {
-                System.err.println(msg)
+                printer.println(msg)
                 alreadyReportedMessages.add(msg)
                 when(it.severity) {
                     MessageSeverity.WARNING -> numWarnings++
                     MessageSeverity.ERROR -> numErrors++
                 }
             }
-            System.err.print("\u001b[0m")  // reset color
+            printer.print("\u001b[0m")      // reset color
         }
+        System.out.flush()
+        System.err.flush()
         messages.clear()
-        if(numErrors>0)
-            throw ParsingFailedError("There are $numErrors errors and $numWarnings warnings.")
+        finalizeNumErrors(numErrors, numWarnings)
     }
 
     override fun noErrors() = messages.none { it.severity==MessageSeverity.ERROR }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/IStringEncoding.kt

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.compiler
-
-interface IStringEncoding {
-    fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean): List<Short>
-    fun decodeString(bytes: List<Short>, altEncoding: Boolean): String
-}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/ModuleImporter.kt

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import prog8.ast.base.Position
 import prog8.ast.base.SyntaxError
 import prog8.ast.statements.Directive
 import prog8.ast.statements.DirectiveArg
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IErrorReporter
 import prog8.parser.Prog8Parser
 import prog8.parser.SourceCode
 import java.io.File
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ class ModuleImporter(private val program: Program,
         val srcPath = when (candidates.size) {
             0 -> return Err(NoSuchFileException(
                     file = filePath.normalize().toFile(),
-                    reason = "searched in $searchIn"))
+                    reason = "Searched in $searchIn"))
             1 -> candidates.first()
             else -> candidates.first()  // when more candiates, pick the one from the first location
         }
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ class ModuleImporter(private val program: Program,
 
     fun importLibraryModule(name: String): Module? {
         val import = Directive("%import", listOf(
-                DirectiveArg("", name, 42, position = Position("<<<implicit-import>>>", 0, 0, 0))
+                DirectiveArg("", name, 42u, position = Position("<<<implicit-import>>>", 0, 0, 0))
         ), Position("<<<implicit-import>>>", 0, 0, 0))
         return executeImportDirective(import, null)
     }
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ class ModuleImporter(private val program: Program,
                             importModule(it)
                         },
                         failure = {
-                            errors.err("no module found with name $moduleName", import.position)
+                            errors.err("no module found with name $moduleName. Searched in: $sourcePaths (and internal libraries)", import.position)
                             return null
                         }
                     )
@@ -142,7 +143,6 @@ class ModuleImporter(private val program: Program,
             } else {
                 val dropCurDir = if(sourcePaths.isNotEmpty() && sourcePaths[0].name == ".") 1 else 0
                 sourcePaths.drop(dropCurDir) +
-                // TODO: won't work until Prog8Parser is fixed s.t. it fully initializes the modules it returns. // hm, what won't work?)
                 listOf(Path(importingModule.position.file).parent ?: Path("")) +
                 listOf(Path(".", "prog8lib"))
             }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/Zeropage.kt

@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.compiler
-
-import prog8.ast.base.*
-
-
-class ZeropageDepletedError(message: String) : Exception(message)
-
-
-abstract class Zeropage(protected val options: CompilationOptions) {
-
-    abstract val SCRATCH_B1 : Int      // temp storage for a single byte
-    abstract val SCRATCH_REG : Int     // temp storage for a register
-    abstract val SCRATCH_W1 : Int      // temp storage 1 for a word  $fb+$fc
-    abstract val SCRATCH_W2 : Int      // temp storage 2 for a word  $fb+$fc
-
-
-    private val allocations = mutableMapOf<Int, Pair<String, DataType>>()
-    val free = mutableListOf<Int>()     // subclasses must set this to the appropriate free locations.
-
-    val allowedDatatypes = NumericDatatypes
-
-    fun availableBytes() = if(options.zeropage==ZeropageType.DONTUSE) 0 else free.size
-    fun hasByteAvailable() = if(options.zeropage==ZeropageType.DONTUSE) false else free.isNotEmpty()
-    fun availableWords(): Int {
-        if(options.zeropage==ZeropageType.DONTUSE)
-            return 0
-
-        val words = free.windowed(2).filter { it[0] == it[1]-1 }
-        var nonOverlappingWordsCount = 0
-        var prevMsbLoc = -1
-        for(w in words) {
-            if(w[0]!=prevMsbLoc) {
-                nonOverlappingWordsCount++
-                prevMsbLoc = w[1]
-            }
-        }
-        return nonOverlappingWordsCount
-    }
-    fun hasWordAvailable(): Boolean {
-        if(options.zeropage==ZeropageType.DONTUSE)
-            return false
-
-        return free.windowed(2).any { it[0] == it[1] - 1 }
-    }
-
-    fun allocate(scopedname: String, datatype: DataType, position: Position?, errors: IErrorReporter): Int {
-        assert(scopedname.isEmpty() || !allocations.values.any { it.first==scopedname } ) {"scopedname can't be allocated twice"}
-
-        if(options.zeropage==ZeropageType.DONTUSE)
-            throw CompilerException("zero page usage has been disabled")
-
-        val size =
-                when (datatype) {
-                    in ByteDatatypes -> 1
-                    in WordDatatypes -> 2
-                    DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                        if (options.floats) {
-                            if(position!=null)
-                                errors.warn("allocated a large value (float) in zeropage", position)
-                            else
-                                errors.warn("$scopedname: allocated a large value (float) in zeropage", position ?: Position.DUMMY)
-                            5
-                        } else throw CompilerException("floating point option not enabled")
-                    }
-                    else -> throw CompilerException("cannot put datatype $datatype in zeropage")
-                }
-
-        if(free.size > 0) {
-            if(size==1) {
-                for(candidate in free.minOrNull()!! .. free.maxOrNull()!!+1) {
-                    if(loneByte(candidate))
-                        return makeAllocation(candidate, 1, datatype, scopedname)
-                }
-                return makeAllocation(free[0], 1, datatype, scopedname)
-            }
-            for(candidate in free.minOrNull()!! .. free.maxOrNull()!!+1) {
-                if (sequentialFree(candidate, size))
-                    return makeAllocation(candidate, size, datatype, scopedname)
-            }
-        }
-
-        throw ZeropageDepletedError("ERROR: no free space in ZP to allocate $size sequential bytes")
-    }
-
-    protected fun reserve(range: IntRange) = free.removeAll(range)
-
-    private fun makeAllocation(address: Int, size: Int, datatype: DataType, name: String?): Int {
-        free.removeAll(address until address+size)
-        allocations[address] = (name ?: "<unnamed>") to datatype
-        return address
-    }
-
-    private fun loneByte(address: Int) = address in free && address-1 !in free && address+1 !in free
-    private fun sequentialFree(address: Int, size: Int) = free.containsAll((address until address+size).toList())
-}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/AstChecker.kt

@@ -1,37 +1,32 @@
 package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
 import prog8.ast.INameScope
+import prog8.ast.IStatementContainer
 import prog8.ast.Module
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
-import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
-import prog8.compiler.ZeropageType
-import prog8.compiler.functions.BuiltinFunctions
-import prog8.compiler.functions.builtinFunctionReturnType
-import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8.compilerinterface.*
 import java.io.CharConversionException
 import java.io.File
 import java.util.*
-import kotlin.io.path.*
+import kotlin.io.path.Path
 
 internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
-                          private val compilerOptions: CompilationOptions,
                           private val errors: IErrorReporter,
-                          private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget
+                          private val compilerOptions: CompilationOptions
 ) : IAstVisitor {
 
     override fun visit(program: Program) {
-        assert(program === this.program)
+        require(program === this.program)
         // there must be a single 'main' block with a 'start' subroutine for the program entry point.
         val mainBlocks = program.modules.flatMap { it.statements }.filter { b -> b is Block && b.name=="main" }.map { it as Block }
         if(mainBlocks.size>1)
             errors.err("more than one 'main' block", mainBlocks[0].position)
         if(mainBlocks.isEmpty())
-            errors.err("there is no 'main' block", program.modules.firstOrNull()?.position ?: program.position)
+            errors.err("there is no 'main' block", program.modules.firstOrNull()?.position ?: Position.DUMMY)
 
         for(mainBlock in mainBlocks) {
             val startSub = mainBlock.subScope("start") as? Subroutine
@@ -97,9 +92,9 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         fun checkUnsignedLoopDownto0(range: RangeExpr?) {
             if(range==null)
                 return
-            val step = range.step.constValue(program)?.number?.toDouble() ?: 1.0
+            val step = range.step.constValue(program)?.number ?: 1.0
             if(step < -1.0) {
-                val limit = range.to.constValue(program)?.number?.toDouble()
+                val limit = range.to.constValue(program)?.number
                 if(limit==0.0 && range.from.constValue(program)==null)
                     errors.err("for unsigned loop variable it's not possible to count down with step != -1 from a non-const value to exactly zero due to value wrapping", forLoop.position)
             }
@@ -166,7 +161,6 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         super.visit(forLoop)
     }
 
-
     override fun visit(jump: Jump) {
         val ident = jump.identifier
         if(ident!=null) {
@@ -175,17 +169,20 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                 if(targetStatement is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder)
                     errors.err("can't jump to a builtin function", jump.position)
             }
+            if(!jump.isGosub && targetStatement is Subroutine && targetStatement.parameters.any()) {
+                errors.err("can't jump to a subroutine that takes parameters", jump.position)
+            }
         }
 
         val addr = jump.address
-        if(addr!=null && (addr < 0 || addr > 65535))
+        if(addr!=null && addr > 65535u)
             errors.err("jump address must be valid integer 0..\$ffff", jump.position)
         super.visit(jump)
     }
 
     override fun visit(block: Block) {
         val addr = block.address
-        if(addr!=null && (addr<0 || addr>65535)) {
+        if(addr!=null && addr>65535u) {
             errors.err("block memory address must be valid integer 0..\$ffff", block.position)
         }
 
@@ -196,8 +193,12 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                 is Label,
                 is VarDecl,
                 is InlineAssembly,
-                is INameScope,
+                is IStatementContainer,
                 is NopStatement -> true
+                is Assignment -> {
+                    val target = statement.target.identifier!!.targetStatement(program)
+                    target === statement.previousSibling()      // an initializer assignment is okay
+                }
                 else -> false
             }
             if (!ok) {
@@ -217,7 +218,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         super.visit(label)
     }
 
-    private fun hasReturnOrJump(scope: INameScope): Boolean {
+    private fun hasReturnOrJump(scope: IStatementContainer): Boolean {
         class Searcher: IAstVisitor
         {
             var count=0
@@ -226,7 +227,8 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                 count++
             }
             override fun visit(jump: Jump) {
-                count++
+                if(!jump.isGosub)
+                    count++
             }
         }
 
@@ -245,8 +247,8 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         if(subroutine.name in BuiltinFunctions)
             err("cannot redefine a built-in function")
 
-        if(subroutine.parameters.size>16)
-            err("subroutines are limited to 16 parameters")
+        if(subroutine.parameters.size>6 && !subroutine.isAsmSubroutine)
+            errors.warn("subroutine has a large number of parameters, this slows down code execution a lot", subroutine.position)
 
         val uniqueNames = subroutine.parameters.asSequence().map { it.name }.toSet()
         if(uniqueNames.size!=subroutine.parameters.size)
@@ -290,7 +292,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                 else if(param.second.registerOrPair in arrayOf(RegisterOrPair.AX, RegisterOrPair.AY, RegisterOrPair.XY)) {
                     if (param.first.type != DataType.UWORD && param.first.type != DataType.WORD
                             && param.first.type != DataType.STR && param.first.type !in ArrayDatatypes && param.first.type != DataType.FLOAT)
-                        err("parameter '${param.first.name}' should be (u)word/address")
+                        err("parameter '${param.first.name}' should be (u)word (an address) or str")
                 }
                 else if(param.second.statusflag!=null) {
                     if (param.first.type != DataType.UBYTE)
@@ -382,10 +384,12 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                 err("can only use Carry as status flag parameter")
 
         } else {
-            // Pass-by-reference datatypes can not occur as parameters to a subroutine directly
+            // Non-string Pass-by-reference datatypes can not occur as parameters to a subroutine directly
             // Instead, their reference (address) should be passed (as an UWORD).
-            if(subroutine.parameters.any{it.type in PassByReferenceDatatypes }) {
-                err("Pass-by-reference types (str, array) cannot occur as a parameter type directly. Instead, use an uword to receive their address, or access the variable from the outer scope directly.")
+            for(p in subroutine.parameters) {
+                if(p.type in PassByReferenceDatatypes && p.type != DataType.STR) {
+                    err("Non-string pass-by-reference types cannot occur as a parameter type directly. Instead, use an uword to receive their address, or access the variable from the outer scope directly.")
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -414,11 +418,10 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             val stmt = (assignment.value as FunctionCall).target.targetStatement(program)
             if (stmt is Subroutine) {
                 val idt = assignment.target.inferType(program)
-                if(!idt.isKnown) {
-                     errors.err("return type mismatch", assignment.value.position)
-                }
+                if(!idt.isKnown)
+                    throw FatalAstException("assignment target invalid dt")
                 if(stmt.returntypes.isEmpty() || (stmt.returntypes.size == 1 && stmt.returntypes.single() isNotAssignableTo idt.getOr(DataType.BYTE))) {
-                    errors.err("return type mismatch", assignment.value.position)
+                    errors.err("return type mismatch: ${stmt.returntypes.single()} expected $idt", assignment.value.position)
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -428,8 +431,15 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         if(valueDt.isKnown && !(valueDt isAssignableTo targetDt)) {
             if(targetDt.isIterable)
                 errors.err("cannot assign value to string or array", assignment.value.position)
-            else if(!(valueDt istype DataType.STR && targetDt istype DataType.UWORD))
-                errors.err("type of value doesn't match target", assignment.value.position)
+            else if(!(valueDt istype DataType.STR && targetDt istype DataType.UWORD)) {
+                if(targetDt.isUnknown) {
+                    if(assignment.target.identifier?.targetStatement(program)!=null)
+                        errors.err("target datatype is unknown", assignment.target.position)
+                    // otherwise, another error about missing symbol is already reported.
+                } else {
+                    errors.err("type of value $valueDt doesn't match target $targetDt", assignment.value.position)
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         if(assignment.value is TypecastExpression) {
@@ -453,7 +463,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         val targetIdentifier = assignTarget.identifier
         if (targetIdentifier != null) {
             val targetName = targetIdentifier.nameInSource
-            when (val targetSymbol = program.namespace.lookup(targetName, assignment)) {
+            when (val targetSymbol = assignment.definingScope.lookup(targetName)) {
                 null -> {
                     errors.err("undefined symbol: ${targetIdentifier.nameInSource.joinToString(".")}", targetIdentifier.position)
                     return
@@ -489,7 +499,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                         if (assignment.value !is FunctionCall)
                             errors.err("assignment value is invalid or has no proper datatype", assignment.value.position)
                     } else {
-                        checkAssignmentCompatible(targetDatatype.getOr(DataType.BYTE), assignTarget,
+                        checkAssignmentCompatible(targetDatatype.getOr(DataType.BYTE),
                                 sourceDatatype.getOr(DataType.BYTE), assignment.value, assignment.position)
                     }
                 }
@@ -505,10 +515,10 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     override fun visit(decl: VarDecl) {
-        fun err(msg: String, position: Position?=null) = errors.err(msg, position ?: decl.position)
+        fun err(msg: String) = errors.err(msg, decl.position)
 
         // the initializer value can't refer to the variable itself (recursive definition)
-        if(decl.value?.referencesIdentifier(decl.name) == true || decl.arraysize?.indexExpr?.referencesIdentifier(decl.name) == true)
+        if(decl.value?.referencesIdentifier(listOf(decl.name)) == true || decl.arraysize?.indexExpr?.referencesIdentifier(listOf(decl.name)) == true)
             err("recursive var declaration")
 
         // CONST can only occur on simple types (byte, word, float)
@@ -586,10 +596,10 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                 val numvalue = decl.value as? NumericLiteralValue
                 if(numvalue!=null) {
                     if (numvalue.type !in IntegerDatatypes || numvalue.number.toInt() < 0 || numvalue.number.toInt() > 65535) {
-                        err("memory address must be valid integer 0..\$ffff", decl.value?.position)
+                        err("memory address must be valid integer 0..\$ffff")
                     }
                 } else {
-                    err("value of memory mapped variable can only be a fixed number, perhaps you meant to use an address pointer type instead?", decl.value?.position)
+                    err("value of memory mapped variable can only be a fixed number, perhaps you meant to use an address pointer type instead?")
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -597,7 +607,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         val declValue = decl.value
         if(declValue!=null && decl.type==VarDeclType.VAR) {
             if (declValue.inferType(program) isnot decl.datatype) {
-                err("initialisation value has incompatible type (${declValue.inferType(program)}) for the variable (${decl.datatype})", declValue.position)
+                err("initialisation value has incompatible type (${declValue.inferType(program)}) for the variable (${decl.datatype})")
             }
         }
 
@@ -626,10 +636,13 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
             }
         }
 
-        // string assignment is not supported in a vard
         if(decl.datatype==DataType.STR) {
-            if(decl.value==null)
-                err("string var must be initialized with a string literal")
+            if(decl.value==null) {
+                // complain about uninitialized str, but only if it's a regular variable
+                val parameter = (decl.parent as? Subroutine)?.parameters?.singleOrNull{ it.name==decl.name }
+                if(parameter==null)
+                    err("string var must be initialized with a string literal")
+            }
             else if (decl.type==VarDeclType.VAR && decl.value !is StringLiteralValue)
                 err("string var can only be initialized with a string literal")
         }
@@ -768,7 +781,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
 
     override fun visit(char: CharLiteral) {
         try {  // just *try* if it can be encoded, don't actually do it
-            compTarget.encodeString(char.value.toString(), char.altEncoding)
+            compilerOptions.compTarget.encodeString(char.value.toString(), char.altEncoding)
         } catch (cx: CharConversionException) {
             errors.err(cx.message ?: "can't encode character", char.position)
         }
@@ -780,7 +793,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         checkValueTypeAndRangeString(DataType.STR, string)
 
         try {  // just *try* if it can be encoded, don't actually do it
-            compTarget.encodeString(string.value, string.altEncoding)
+            compilerOptions.compTarget.encodeString(string.value, string.altEncoding)
         } catch (cx: CharConversionException) {
             errors.err(cx.message ?: "can't encode string", string.position)
         }
@@ -789,11 +802,10 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     override fun visit(expr: PrefixExpression) {
-        val idt = expr.inferType(program)
-        if(!idt.isKnown)
+        val dt = expr.expression.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
+        if(dt==DataType.UNDEFINED)
             return  // any error should be reported elsewhere
 
-        val dt = idt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED)
         if(expr.operator=="-") {
             if (dt != DataType.BYTE && dt != DataType.WORD && dt != DataType.FLOAT) {
                 errors.err("can only take negative of a signed number type", expr.position)
@@ -824,7 +836,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         when(expr.operator){
             "/", "%" -> {
                 val constvalRight = expr.right.constValue(program)
-                val divisor = constvalRight?.number?.toDouble()
+                val divisor = constvalRight?.number
                 if(divisor==0.0)
                     errors.err("division by zero", expr.right.position)
                 if(expr.operator=="%") {
@@ -964,40 +976,46 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
 
     override fun visit(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement) {
         val targetStatement = checkFunctionOrLabelExists(functionCallStatement.target, functionCallStatement)
-        if(targetStatement!=null)
+        if(targetStatement!=null) {
             checkFunctionCall(targetStatement, functionCallStatement.args, functionCallStatement.position)
-        if (!functionCallStatement.void) {
-            // check for unused return values
-            if (targetStatement is Subroutine && targetStatement.returntypes.isNotEmpty()) {
-                if(targetStatement.returntypes.size==1)
-                    errors.warn("result value of subroutine call is discarded (use void?)", functionCallStatement.position)
-                else
-                    errors.warn("result values of subroutine call are discarded (use void?)", functionCallStatement.position)
-            }
-            else if(targetStatement is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder) {
-                val rt = builtinFunctionReturnType(targetStatement.name, functionCallStatement.args, program)
-                if(rt.isKnown)
-                    errors.warn("result value of a function call is discarded (use void?)", functionCallStatement.position)
-            }
+            checkUnusedReturnValues(functionCallStatement, targetStatement, program, errors)
         }
 
-        if(functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource.last() == "sort") {
-            // sort is not supported on float arrays
-            val idref = functionCallStatement.args.singleOrNull() as? IdentifierReference
-            if(idref!=null && idref.inferType(program) istype DataType.ARRAY_F) {
-                errors.err("sorting a floating point array is not supported", functionCallStatement.args.first().position)
+        val funcName = functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource
+
+        if(funcName.size==1) {
+            // check some builtin function calls
+            if(funcName[0] == "sort") {
+                // sort is not supported on float arrays
+                val idref = functionCallStatement.args.singleOrNull() as? IdentifierReference
+                if(idref!=null && idref.inferType(program) istype DataType.ARRAY_F) {
+                    errors.err("sorting a floating point array is not supported", functionCallStatement.args.first().position)
+                }
             }
+            else if(funcName[0] in arrayOf("pop", "popw")) {
+                // can only pop into a variable, that has to have the correct type
+                val idref = functionCallStatement.args[0]
+                if(idref !is IdentifierReference) {
+                    if(idref is TypecastExpression) {
+                        val passByRef = idref.expression.inferType(program).isPassByReference
+                        if(idref.type!=DataType.UWORD || !passByRef)
+                            errors.err("invalid argument to pop, must be a variable with the correct type: ${functionCallStatement.args.first()}", functionCallStatement.args.first().position)
+                    } else {
+                        errors.err("invalid argument to pop, must be a variable with the correct type: ${functionCallStatement.args.first()}", functionCallStatement.args.first().position)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if(funcName[0] in arrayOf("rol", "ror", "rol2", "ror2", "swap", "sort", "reverse")) {
+                // in-place modification, can't be done on literals
+                if(functionCallStatement.args.any { it !is IdentifierReference && it !is ArrayIndexedExpression && it !is DirectMemoryRead }) {
+                    errors.err("invalid argument to a in-place modifying function", functionCallStatement.args.first().position)
+                }
+            }
+
         }
 
-        if(functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource.last() in arrayOf("rol", "ror", "rol2", "ror2", "swap", "sort", "reverse")) {
-            // in-place modification, can't be done on literals
-            if(functionCallStatement.args.any { it !is IdentifierReference && it !is ArrayIndexedExpression && it !is DirectMemoryRead }) {
-                errors.err("invalid argument to a in-place modifying function", functionCallStatement.args.first().position)
-            }
-        }
-
-        val error =
-            VerifyFunctionArgTypes.checkTypes(functionCallStatement, program)
+        val error = VerifyFunctionArgTypes.checkTypes(functionCallStatement, program)
         if(error!=null) {
             errors.err(error, functionCallStatement.args.firstOrNull()?.position ?: functionCallStatement.position)
         }
@@ -1051,7 +1069,12 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
                             ident = fcall.args[0] as? IdentifierReference
                     }
                     if(ident!=null && ident.nameInSource[0] == "cx16" && ident.nameInSource[1].startsWith("r")) {
-                        val reg = RegisterOrPair.valueOf(ident.nameInSource[1].uppercase())
+                        var regname = ident.nameInSource[1].uppercase()
+                        if(regname.endsWith('L'))
+                            regname=regname.substring(0, regname.length-1)
+                        if(regname.endsWith('s'))
+                            regname=regname.substring(0, regname.length-1)
+                        val reg = RegisterOrPair.valueOf(regname)
                         val same = params.filter { it.value.registerOrPair==reg }
                         for(s in same) {
                             if(s.index!=arg.index) {
@@ -1067,7 +1090,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
     override fun visit(postIncrDecr: PostIncrDecr) {
         if(postIncrDecr.target.identifier != null) {
             val targetName = postIncrDecr.target.identifier!!.nameInSource
-            val target = program.namespace.lookup(targetName, postIncrDecr)
+            val target = postIncrDecr.definingScope.lookup(targetName)
             if(target==null) {
                 val symbol = postIncrDecr.target.identifier!!
                 errors.err("undefined symbol: ${symbol.nameInSource.joinToString(".")}", symbol.position)
@@ -1254,7 +1277,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
 
                     // check if the floating point values are all within range
                     val doubles = value.value.map {it.constValue(program)?.number!!.toDouble()}.toDoubleArray()
-                    if(doubles.any { it < compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE || it > compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE })
+                    if(doubles.any { it < compilerOptions.compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE || it > compilerOptions.compTarget.machine.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE })
                         return err("floating point value overflow")
                     return true
                 }
@@ -1271,7 +1294,7 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         }
         when (targetDt) {
             DataType.FLOAT -> {
-                val number=value.number.toDouble()
+                val number=value.number
                 if (number > 1.7014118345e+38 || number < -1.7014118345e+38)
                     return err("value '$number' out of range for MFLPT format")
             }
@@ -1347,7 +1370,6 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
     }
 
     private fun checkAssignmentCompatible(targetDatatype: DataType,
-                                          target: AssignTarget,
                                           sourceDatatype: DataType,
                                           sourceValue: Expression,
                                           position: Position) : Boolean {
@@ -1390,3 +1412,19 @@ internal class AstChecker(private val program: Program,
         return false
     }
 }
+
+internal fun checkUnusedReturnValues(call: FunctionCallStatement, target: Statement, program: Program, errors: IErrorReporter) {
+    if (!call.void) {
+        // check for unused return values
+        if (target is Subroutine && target.returntypes.isNotEmpty()) {
+            if (target.returntypes.size == 1)
+                errors.warn("result value of subroutine call is discarded (use void?)", call.position)
+            else
+                errors.warn("result values of subroutine call are discarded (use void?)", call.position)
+        } else if (target is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder) {
+            val rt = builtinFunctionReturnType(target.name, call.args, program)
+            if (rt.isKnown)
+                errors.warn("result value of a function call is discarded (use void?)", call.position)
+        }
+    }
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/AstExtensions.kt

@@ -3,82 +3,34 @@ package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.DataType
-import prog8.ast.base.VarDeclType
-import prog8.ast.expressions.*
-import prog8.ast.statements.AssignTarget
+import prog8.ast.expressions.CharLiteral
+import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
+import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
 import prog8.ast.statements.Directive
 import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
 import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
 import prog8.compiler.BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger
-import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
-import prog8.compiler.IStringEncoding
-import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
-import prog8.compiler.target.IMachineDefinition
-import kotlin.math.abs
+import prog8.compilerinterface.CompilationOptions
+import prog8.compilerinterface.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IStringEncoding
 
 
-fun RangeExpr.size(encoding: IStringEncoding): Int? {
-    val fromLv = (from as? NumericLiteralValue)
-    val toLv = (to as? NumericLiteralValue)
-    if(fromLv==null || toLv==null)
-        return null
-    return toConstantIntegerRange(encoding)?.count()
-}
-
-fun RangeExpr.toConstantIntegerRange(encoding: IStringEncoding): IntProgression? {
-    val fromVal: Int
-    val toVal: Int
-    val fromString = from as? StringLiteralValue
-    val toString = to as? StringLiteralValue
-    if(fromString!=null && toString!=null ) {
-        // string range -> int range over character values
-        fromVal = encoding.encodeString(fromString.value, fromString.altEncoding)[0].toInt()
-        toVal = encoding.encodeString(toString.value, fromString.altEncoding)[0].toInt()
-    } else {
-        val fromLv = from as? NumericLiteralValue
-        val toLv = to as? NumericLiteralValue
-        if(fromLv==null || toLv==null)
-            return null         // non-constant range
-        // integer range
-        fromVal = fromLv.number.toInt()
-        toVal = toLv.number.toInt()
-    }
-    val stepVal = (step as? NumericLiteralValue)?.number?.toInt() ?: 1
-    return makeRange(fromVal, toVal, stepVal)
-}
-
-private fun makeRange(fromVal: Int, toVal: Int, stepVal: Int): IntProgression {
-    return when {
-        fromVal <= toVal -> when {
-            stepVal <= 0 -> IntRange.EMPTY
-            stepVal == 1 -> fromVal..toVal
-            else -> fromVal..toVal step stepVal
-        }
-        else -> when {
-            stepVal >= 0 -> IntRange.EMPTY
-            stepVal == -1 -> fromVal downTo toVal
-            else -> fromVal downTo toVal step abs(stepVal)
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-
-internal fun Program.checkValid(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, errors: IErrorReporter, compTarget: ICompilationTarget) {
-    val checker = AstChecker(this, compilerOptions, errors, compTarget)
+internal fun Program.checkValid(errors: IErrorReporter, compilerOptions: CompilationOptions) {
+    val checker = AstChecker(this, errors, compilerOptions)
     checker.visit(this)
 }
 
-internal fun Program.processAstBeforeAsmGeneration(errors: IErrorReporter, compTarget: ICompilationTarget) {
-    val fixer = BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(this, errors, compTarget)
+internal fun Program.processAstBeforeAsmGeneration(compilerOptions: CompilationOptions, errors: IErrorReporter) {
+    val fixer = BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(this, compilerOptions, errors)
     fixer.visit(this)
     while(errors.noErrors() && fixer.applyModifications()>0) {
         fixer.visit(this)
     }
 }
 
-internal fun Program.reorderStatements(errors: IErrorReporter) {
-    val reorder = StatementReorderer(this, errors)
+internal fun Program.reorderStatements(errors: IErrorReporter, options: CompilationOptions) {
+    val reorder = StatementReorderer(this, errors, options)
     reorder.visit(this)
     if(errors.noErrors()) {
         reorder.applyModifications()
@@ -88,12 +40,12 @@ internal fun Program.reorderStatements(errors: IErrorReporter) {
     }
 }
 
-internal fun Program.charLiteralsToUByteLiterals(errors: IErrorReporter, enc: IStringEncoding) {
+internal fun Program.charLiteralsToUByteLiterals(enc: IStringEncoding) {
     val walker = object : AstWalker() {
         override fun after(char: CharLiteral, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
             return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
                 char,
-                NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, enc.encodeString(char.value.toString(), char.altEncoding)[0].toInt(), char.position),
+                NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, enc.encodeString(char.value.toString(), char.altEncoding)[0].toDouble(), char.position),
                 parent
             ))
         }
@@ -113,9 +65,17 @@ internal fun Program.verifyFunctionArgTypes() {
     fixer.visit(this)
 }
 
-internal fun Program.checkIdentifiers(errors: IErrorReporter, options: CompilationOptions) {
+internal fun Program.preprocessAst(program: Program) {
+    val transforms = AstPreprocessor(program)
+    transforms.visit(this)
+    var mods = transforms.applyModifications()
+    while(mods>0)
+        mods = transforms.applyModifications()
+}
 
-    val checker2 = AstIdentifiersChecker(this, errors, options.compTarget)
+internal fun Program.checkIdentifiers(errors: IErrorReporter, program: Program, options: CompilationOptions) {
+
+    val checker2 = AstIdentifiersChecker(errors, program, options.compTarget)
     checker2.visit(this)
 
     if(errors.noErrors()) {
@@ -135,7 +95,6 @@ internal fun Program.variousCleanups(program: Program, errors: IErrorReporter) {
         process.applyModifications()
 }
 
-
 internal fun Program.moveMainAndStartToFirst() {
     // the module containing the program entrypoint is moved to the first in the sequence.
     // the "main" block containing the entrypoint is moved to the top in there,
@@ -166,46 +125,10 @@ internal fun Program.moveMainAndStartToFirst() {
     }
 }
 
-internal fun AssignTarget.isInRegularRAMof(machine: IMachineDefinition): Boolean {
-    val memAddr = memoryAddress
-    val arrayIdx = arrayindexed
-    val ident = identifier
-    when {
-        memAddr != null -> {
-            return when (memAddr.addressExpression) {
-                is NumericLiteralValue -> {
-                    machine.isRegularRAMaddress((memAddr.addressExpression as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt())
-                }
-                is IdentifierReference -> {
-                    val program = definingModule.program
-                    val decl = (memAddr.addressExpression as IdentifierReference).targetVarDecl(program)
-                    if ((decl?.type == VarDeclType.VAR || decl?.type == VarDeclType.CONST) && decl.value is NumericLiteralValue)
-                        machine.isRegularRAMaddress((decl.value as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt())
-                    else
-                        false
-                }
-                else -> false
-            }
-        }
-        arrayIdx != null -> {
-            val program = definingModule.program
-            val targetStmt = arrayIdx.arrayvar.targetVarDecl(program)
-            return if (targetStmt?.type == VarDeclType.MEMORY) {
-                val addr = targetStmt.value as? NumericLiteralValue
-                if (addr != null)
-                    machine.isRegularRAMaddress(addr.number.toInt())
-                else
-                    false
-            } else true
-        }
-        ident != null -> {
-            val program = definingModule.program
-            val decl = ident.targetVarDecl(program)!!
-            return if (decl.type == VarDeclType.MEMORY && decl.value is NumericLiteralValue)
-                machine.isRegularRAMaddress((decl.value as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt())
-            else
-                true
-        }
-        else -> return true
+internal fun IdentifierReference.isSubroutineParameter(program: Program): Boolean {
+    val vardecl = this.targetVarDecl(program)
+    if(vardecl!=null && vardecl.autogeneratedDontRemove) {
+        return vardecl.definingSubroutine?.parameters?.any { it.name==vardecl.name } == true
     }
+    return false
 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/AstIdentifiersChecker.kt

@@ -1,15 +1,21 @@
 package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
+import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
+import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
 import prog8.ast.base.Position
+import prog8.ast.expressions.FunctionCall
 import prog8.ast.expressions.StringLiteralValue
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
-import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
-import prog8.compiler.functions.BuiltinFunctions
-import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8.compilerinterface.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.compilerinterface.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IErrorReporter
 
-internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val program: Program, private val errors: IErrorReporter, private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget) : IAstVisitor {
+internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val errors: IErrorReporter,
+                                     private val program: Program,
+                                     private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget) : IAstVisitor {
     private var blocks = mutableMapOf<String, Block>()
 
     private fun nameError(name: String, position: Position, existing: Statement) {
@@ -42,7 +48,7 @@ internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val program: Program, private val e
         if(decl.name in compTarget.machine.opcodeNames)
             errors.err("can't use a cpu opcode name as a symbol: '${decl.name}'", decl.position)
 
-        val existing = program.namespace.lookup(listOf(decl.name), decl)
+        val existing = decl.definingScope.lookup(listOf(decl.name))
         if (existing != null && existing !== decl)
             nameError(decl.name, decl.position, existing)
 
@@ -65,22 +71,19 @@ internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val program: Program, private val e
             // if (subroutine.parameters.any { it.name in BuiltinFunctions })
             //    checkResult.add(NameError("builtin function name cannot be used as parameter", subroutine.position))
 
-            val existing = program.namespace.lookup(listOf(subroutine.name), subroutine)
+            val existing = subroutine.lookup(listOf(subroutine.name))
             if (existing != null && existing !== subroutine)
                 nameError(subroutine.name, subroutine.position, existing)
 
-            // check that there are no local variables, labels, or other subs that redefine the subroutine's parameters. Blocks are okay.
+            // check that there are no local symbols (variables, labels, subs) that redefine the subroutine's parameters.
             val symbolsInSub = subroutine.allDefinedSymbols
             val namesInSub = symbolsInSub.map{ it.first }.toSet()
             val paramNames = subroutine.parameters.map { it.name }.toSet()
             val paramsToCheck = paramNames.intersect(namesInSub)
             for(name in paramsToCheck) {
-                val labelOrVar = subroutine.getLabelOrVariable(name)
-                if(labelOrVar!=null && labelOrVar.position != subroutine.position)
-                    nameError(name, labelOrVar.position, subroutine)
-                val sub = subroutine.statements.firstOrNull { it is Subroutine && it.name==name}
-                if(sub!=null)
-                    nameError(name, subroutine.position, sub)
+                val symbol = subroutine.searchSymbol(name)
+                if(symbol!=null && (symbol as? VarDecl)?.subroutineParameter==null)
+                    nameError(name, symbol.position, subroutine)
             }
 
             if(subroutine.isAsmSubroutine && subroutine.statements.any{it !is InlineAssembly}) {
@@ -125,4 +128,33 @@ internal class AstIdentifiersChecker(private val program: Program, private val e
 
         super.visit(string)
     }
+
+    override fun visit(functionCall: FunctionCall) =  visitFunctionCall(functionCall)
+    override fun visit(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement) =  visitFunctionCall(functionCallStatement)
+
+    private fun visitFunctionCall(call: IFunctionCall) {
+        when (val target = call.target.targetStatement(program)) {
+            is Subroutine -> {
+                if(call.args.size != target.parameters.size) {
+                    val pos = (if(call.args.any()) call.args[0] else (call as Node)).position
+                    errors.err("invalid number of arguments", pos)
+                }
+            }
+            is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder -> {
+                val func = BuiltinFunctions.getValue(target.name)
+                if(call.args.size != func.parameters.size) {
+                    val pos = (if(call.args.any()) call.args[0] else (call as Node)).position
+                    errors.err("invalid number of arguments", pos)
+                }
+            }
+            is Label -> {
+                if(call.args.isNotEmpty()) {
+                    val pos = (if(call.args.any()) call.args[0] else (call as Node)).position
+                    errors.err("cannot use arguments when calling a label", pos)
+                }
+            }
+            null -> {}
+            else -> throw FatalAstException("weird call target")
+        }
+    }
 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/AstPreprocessor.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
+
+import prog8.ast.Node
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.NumericDatatypes
+import prog8.ast.base.SyntaxError
+import prog8.ast.base.VarDeclType
+import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
+import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.expressions.RangeExpr
+import prog8.ast.statements.AnonymousScope
+import prog8.ast.statements.AssignTarget
+import prog8.ast.statements.Assignment
+import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
+import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
+import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
+
+
+class AstPreprocessor(val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
+
+    override fun after(range: RangeExpr, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        // has to be done before the constant folding, otherwise certain checks there will fail on invalid range sizes
+        val modifications = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
+        if(range.from !is NumericLiteralValue) {
+            try {
+                val constval = range.from.constValue(program)
+                if (constval != null)
+                    modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(range.from, constval, range)
+            } catch (x: SyntaxError) {
+                // syntax errors will be reported later
+            }
+        }
+        if(range.to !is NumericLiteralValue) {
+            try {
+                val constval = range.to.constValue(program)
+                if(constval!=null)
+                    modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(range.to, constval, range)
+            } catch (x: SyntaxError) {
+                // syntax errors will be reported later
+            }
+        }
+        if(range.step !is NumericLiteralValue) {
+            try {
+                val constval = range.step.constValue(program)
+                if(constval!=null)
+                    modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(range.step, constval, range)
+            } catch (x: SyntaxError) {
+                // syntax errors will be reported later
+            }
+        }
+        return modifications
+    }
+
+    override fun before(scope: AnonymousScope, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+
+        // move vardecls in Anonymous scope up to the containing subroutine
+        // and add initialization assignment in its place if needed
+        val vars = scope.statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>()
+        val parentscope = scope.definingScope
+        if(vars.any() && parentscope !== parent) {
+            val movements = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
+            val replacements = mutableListOf<IAstModification>()
+
+            for(decl in vars) {
+                if(decl.type != VarDeclType.VAR) {
+                    movements.add(IAstModification.InsertFirst(decl, parentscope))
+                    replacements.add(IAstModification.Remove(decl, scope))
+                } else {
+                    if(decl.value!=null && decl.datatype in NumericDatatypes) {
+                        val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf(decl.name), decl.position), null, null, decl.position)
+                        val assign = Assignment(target, decl.value!!, decl.position)
+                        replacements.add(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(decl, assign, scope))
+                        decl.value = null
+                        decl.allowInitializeWithZero = false
+                    } else {
+                        replacements.add(IAstModification.Remove(decl, scope))
+                    }
+                    movements.add(IAstModification.InsertFirst(decl, parentscope))
+                }
+            }
+            return movements + replacements
+        }
+        return noModifications
+    }
+}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/AstVariousTransforms.kt

@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ internal class AstVariousTransforms(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
         val symbolsInSub = subroutine.allDefinedSymbols
         val namesInSub = symbolsInSub.map{ it.first }.toSet()
         if(subroutine.asmAddress==null) {
-            if(subroutine.asmParameterRegisters.isEmpty() && subroutine.parameters.isNotEmpty()) {
+            if(!subroutine.isAsmSubroutine && subroutine.parameters.isNotEmpty()) {
                 val vars = subroutine.statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>().map { it.name }.toSet()
                 if(!vars.containsAll(subroutine.parameters.map{it.name})) {
                     return subroutine.parameters
                             .filter { it.name !in namesInSub }
                             .map {
-                                val vardecl = ParameterVarDecl(it.name, it.type, subroutine.position)
+                                val vardecl = VarDecl.fromParameter(it)
                                 IAstModification.InsertFirst(vardecl, subroutine)
                             }
                 }
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ internal class AstVariousTransforms(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
     }
 
     override fun after(arrayIndexedExpression: ArrayIndexedExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        return replacePointerVarIndexWithMemread(program, arrayIndexedExpression, parent)
+        return replacePointerVarIndexWithMemreadOrMemwrite(program, arrayIndexedExpression, parent)
     }
 
     private fun concatString(expr: BinaryExpression): StringLiteralValue? {
@@ -99,12 +99,12 @@ internal class AstVariousTransforms(private val program: Program) : AstWalker()
 
 
 
-internal fun replacePointerVarIndexWithMemread(program: Program, arrayIndexedExpression: ArrayIndexedExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+internal fun replacePointerVarIndexWithMemreadOrMemwrite(program: Program, arrayIndexedExpression: ArrayIndexedExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
     val arrayVar = arrayIndexedExpression.arrayvar.targetVarDecl(program)
     if(arrayVar!=null && arrayVar.datatype ==  DataType.UWORD) {
         // rewrite   pointervar[index]  into  @(pointervar+index)
         val indexer = arrayIndexedExpression.indexer
-        val add = BinaryExpression(arrayIndexedExpression.arrayvar, "+", indexer.indexExpr, arrayIndexedExpression.position)
+        val add = BinaryExpression(arrayIndexedExpression.arrayvar.copy(), "+", indexer.indexExpr, arrayIndexedExpression.position)
         return if(parent is AssignTarget) {
             // we're part of the target of an assignment, we have to actually change the assign target itself
             val memwrite = DirectMemoryWrite(add, arrayIndexedExpression.position)

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/LiteralsToAutoVars.kt

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
+import prog8.ast.IStatementContainer
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.DataType
@@ -40,11 +41,13 @@ internal class LiteralsToAutoVars(private val program: Program) : AstWalker() {
                 // this array literal is part of an expression, turn it into an identifier reference
                 val litval2 = array.cast(arrayDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED))
                 if(litval2!=null) {
+                    if(array.parent !is IStatementContainer)
+                        return noModifications
                     val vardecl2 = VarDecl.createAuto(litval2)
                     val identifier = IdentifierReference(listOf(vardecl2.name), vardecl2.position)
                     return listOf(
                             IAstModification.ReplaceNode(array, identifier, parent),
-                            IAstModification.InsertFirst(vardecl2, array.definingScope)
+                            IAstModification.InsertFirst(vardecl2, array.parent as IStatementContainer)
                     )
                 }
             }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/StatementReorderer.kt

@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
-import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
-import prog8.ast.Module
-import prog8.ast.Node
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.base.DataType
-import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
+import prog8.ast.*
+import prog8.ast.base.*
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
 import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
-import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
-import prog8.compiler.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.compilerinterface.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.compilerinterface.CompilationOptions
+import prog8.compilerinterface.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IErrorReporter
 
 
-internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter) : AstWalker() {
+internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program,
+                                  val errors: IErrorReporter,
+                                  private val options: CompilationOptions) : AstWalker() {
     // Reorders the statements in a way the compiler needs.
     // - 'main' block must be the very first statement UNLESS it has an address set.
     // - library blocks are put last.
@@ -25,12 +25,13 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReport
     // - in-place assignments are reordered a bit so that they are mostly of the form A = A <operator> <rest>
     // - sorts the choices in when statement.
     // - insert AddressOf (&) expression where required (string params to a UWORD function param etc.).
+    // - replace subroutine calls (statement) by just assigning the arguments to the parameters and then a GoSub to the routine.
 
     private val directivesToMove = setOf("%output", "%launcher", "%zeropage", "%zpreserved", "%address", "%option")
 
     override fun after(module: Module, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         val (blocks, other) = module.statements.partition { it is Block }
-        module.statements = other.asSequence().plus(blocks.sortedBy { (it as Block).address ?: Int.MAX_VALUE }).toMutableList()
+        module.statements = other.asSequence().plus(blocks.sortedBy { (it as Block).address ?: UInt.MAX_VALUE }).toMutableList()
 
         val mainBlock = module.statements.filterIsInstance<Block>().firstOrNull { it.name=="main" }
         if(mainBlock!=null && mainBlock.address==null) {
@@ -38,15 +39,59 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReport
             module.statements.add(0, mainBlock)
         }
 
-        reorderVardeclsAndDirectives(module.statements)
+        directivesToTheTop(module.statements)
         return noModifications
     }
 
-    private fun reorderVardeclsAndDirectives(statements: MutableList<Statement>) {
-        val varDecls = statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>()
-        statements.removeAll(varDecls)
-        statements.addAll(0, varDecls)
+    private val declsProcessedWithInitAssignment = mutableSetOf<VarDecl>()
 
+    override fun after(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(decl.type == VarDeclType.VAR && decl.datatype in NumericDatatypes) {
+            if(decl !in declsProcessedWithInitAssignment) {
+                declsProcessedWithInitAssignment.add(decl)
+                if (decl.value == null) {
+                    if (!decl.autogeneratedDontRemove && decl.allowInitializeWithZero) {
+                        // A numeric vardecl without an initial value is initialized with zero,
+                        // unless there's already an assignment below it, that initializes the value (or a for loop that uses it as loopvar).
+                        // This allows you to restart the program and have the same starting values of the variables
+                        // So basically consider 'ubyte xx' as a short form for 'ubyte xx; xx=0'
+                        decl.value = null
+                        if(decl.name.startsWith("retval_interm_") && decl.definingScope.name=="prog8_lib") {
+                            // no need to zero out the special internal returnvalue intermediates.
+                            return noModifications
+                        }
+                        val nextStmt  = decl.nextSibling()
+                        val nextFor = nextStmt as? ForLoop
+                        val hasNextForWithThisLoopvar = nextFor?.loopVar?.nameInSource==listOf(decl.name)
+                        if (!hasNextForWithThisLoopvar) {
+                            // Add assignment to initialize with zero
+                            // Note: for block-level vars, this will introduce assignments in the block scope. These have to be dealt with correctly later.
+                            val identifier = IdentifierReference(listOf(decl.name), decl.position)
+                            val assignzero = Assignment(AssignTarget(identifier, null, null, decl.position), decl.zeroElementValue(), decl.position)
+                            return listOf(IAstModification.InsertAfter(
+                                decl, assignzero, parent as IStatementContainer
+                            ))
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // Transform the vardecl with initvalue to a plain vardecl + assignment
+                    // this allows for other optimizations to kick in.
+                    // So basically consider 'ubyte xx=99' as a short form for 'ubyte xx; xx=99'
+                    val pos = decl.value!!.position
+                    val identifier = IdentifierReference(listOf(decl.name), pos)
+                    val assign = Assignment(AssignTarget(identifier, null, null, pos), decl.value!!, pos)
+                    decl.value = null
+                    return listOf(IAstModification.InsertAfter(
+                        decl, assign, parent as IStatementContainer
+                    ))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    private fun directivesToTheTop(statements: MutableList<Statement>) {
         val directives = statements.filterIsInstance<Directive>().filter {it.directive in directivesToMove}
         statements.removeAll(directives)
         statements.addAll(0, directives)
@@ -61,7 +106,7 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReport
             )
         }
 
-        reorderVardeclsAndDirectives(block.statements)
+        directivesToTheTop(block.statements)
         return noModifications
     }
 
@@ -82,11 +127,40 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReport
                     subs.map { IAstModification.InsertLast(it, subroutine) }
         }
 
+        if(!subroutine.isAsmSubroutine) {
+            // change 'str' parameters into 'uword' (just treat it as an address)
+            val stringParams = subroutine.parameters.filter { it.type==DataType.STR }
+            val parameterChanges = stringParams.map {
+                val uwordParam = SubroutineParameter(it.name, DataType.UWORD, it.position)
+                IAstModification.ReplaceNode(it, uwordParam, subroutine)
+            }
+
+            val stringParamsByNames = stringParams.associateBy { it.name }
+            val varsChanges =
+                if(stringParamsByNames.isNotEmpty()) {
+                    subroutine.statements
+                        .filterIsInstance<VarDecl>()
+                        .filter { it.subroutineParameter!=null && it.name in stringParamsByNames }
+                        .map {
+                            val newvar = VarDecl(it.type, DataType.UWORD, it.zeropage, null, it.name, null, false, true, it.sharedWithAsm, stringParamsByNames.getValue(it.name), it.position)
+                            IAstModification.ReplaceNode(it, newvar, subroutine)
+                        }
+                }
+                else emptyList()
+
+            return parameterChanges + varsChanges
+        }
+
         return noModifications
     }
 
     override fun after(arrayIndexedExpression: ArrayIndexedExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        return replacePointerVarIndexWithMemread(program, arrayIndexedExpression, parent)
+        if(parent !is VarDecl) {
+            // don't replace the initializer value in a vardecl - this will be moved to a separate
+            // assignment statement soon in after(VarDecl)
+            return replacePointerVarIndexWithMemreadOrMemwrite(program, arrayIndexedExpression, parent)
+        }
+        return noModifications
     }
 
     override fun after(expr: BinaryExpression, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
@@ -122,8 +196,9 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReport
                         is Subroutine -> {
                             val paramType = callee.parameters[argnum].type
                             if(leftDt isAssignableTo paramType) {
-                                val cast = TypecastExpression(expr.left, paramType, true, parent.position)
-                                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.left, cast, expr))
+                                val (replaced, cast) = expr.left.typecastTo(paramType, leftDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), true)
+                                if(replaced)
+                                    return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.left, cast, expr))
                             }
                         }
                         is BuiltinFunctionStatementPlaceholder -> {
@@ -131,8 +206,9 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReport
                             val paramTypes = func.parameters[argnum].possibleDatatypes
                             for(type in paramTypes) {
                                 if(leftDt isAssignableTo type) {
-                                    val cast = TypecastExpression(expr.left, type, true, parent.position)
-                                    return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.left, cast, expr))
+                                    val (replaced, cast) = expr.left.typecastTo(type, leftDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), true)
+                                    if(replaced)
+                                        return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(expr.left, cast, expr))
                                 }
                             }
                         }
@@ -148,7 +224,7 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReport
             // generating the wrong results later
 
             fun wrapped(expr: Expression): Expression =
-                BinaryExpression(expr, "!=", NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0, expr.position), expr.position)
+                BinaryExpression(expr, "!=", NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0.0, expr.position), expr.position)
 
             fun isLogicalExpr(expr: Expression?): Boolean {
                 if(expr is BinaryExpression && expr.operator in (logicalOperators + comparisonOperators))
@@ -286,4 +362,110 @@ internal class StatementReorderer(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReport
         )
         return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(assign, memcopy, assign.parent))
     }
+
+    override fun after(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        val function = functionCallStatement.target.targetStatement(program)!!
+        checkUnusedReturnValues(functionCallStatement, function, program, errors)
+        if(function is Subroutine) {
+            if(function.inline)
+                return noModifications
+            return if(function.isAsmSubroutine)
+                replaceCallAsmSubStatementWithGosub(function, functionCallStatement, parent)
+            else
+                replaceCallSubStatementWithGosub(function, functionCallStatement, parent)
+        }
+        return noModifications
+    }
+
+    private fun replaceCallSubStatementWithGosub(function: Subroutine, call: FunctionCallStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(function.parameters.isEmpty()) {
+            // 0 params -> just GoSub
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(call, GoSub(null, call.target, null, call.position), parent))
+        }
+
+        val assignParams =
+            function.parameters.zip(call.args).map {
+                var argumentValue = it.second
+                val paramIdentifier = IdentifierReference(function.scopedName + it.first.name, argumentValue.position)
+                val argDt = argumentValue.inferType(program).getOrElse { throw FatalAstException("invalid dt") }
+                if(argDt in ArrayDatatypes) {
+                    // pass the address of the array instead
+                    argumentValue = AddressOf(argumentValue as IdentifierReference, argumentValue.position)
+                }
+                Assignment(AssignTarget(paramIdentifier, null, null, argumentValue.position), argumentValue, argumentValue.position)
+            }
+        val scope = AnonymousScope(assignParams.toMutableList(), call.position)
+        scope.statements += GoSub(null, call.target, null, call.position)
+        return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(call, scope, parent))
+    }
+
+    private fun replaceCallAsmSubStatementWithGosub(function: Subroutine, call: FunctionCallStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
+        if(function.parameters.isEmpty()) {
+            // 0 params -> just GoSub
+            val scope = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), call.position)
+            if(function.shouldSaveX()) {
+                scope.statements += FunctionCallStatement(IdentifierReference(listOf("rsavex"), call.position), mutableListOf(), true, call.position)
+            }
+            scope.statements += GoSub(null, call.target, null, call.position)
+            if(function.shouldSaveX()) {
+                scope.statements += FunctionCallStatement(IdentifierReference(listOf("rrestorex"), call.position), mutableListOf(), true, call.position)
+            }
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(call, scope, parent))
+        } else if(!options.compTarget.asmsubArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk(call.args, function.asmParameterRegisters)) {
+            // No register clobber risk, let the asmgen assign values to the registers directly.
+            // this is more efficient than first evaluating them to the stack.
+            // As complex expressions will be flagged as a clobber-risk, these will be simplified below.
+            return noModifications
+        } else {
+            // clobber risk; evaluate the arguments on the CPU stack first (in reverse order)...
+            if (options.slowCodegenWarnings)
+                errors.warn("slow argument passing used to avoid register clobbering", call.position)
+            val argOrder = options.compTarget.asmsubArgsEvalOrder(function)
+            val scope = AnonymousScope(mutableListOf(), call.position)
+            if(function.shouldSaveX()) {
+                scope.statements += FunctionCallStatement(IdentifierReference(listOf("rsavex"), call.position), mutableListOf(), true, call.position)
+            }
+            argOrder.reversed().forEach {
+                val arg = call.args[it]
+                val param = function.parameters[it]
+                scope.statements += pushCall(arg, param.type, arg.position)
+            }
+            // ... and pop them off again into the registers.
+            argOrder.forEach {
+                val param = function.parameters[it]
+                val targetName = function.scopedName + param.name
+                scope.statements += popCall(targetName, param.type, call.position)
+            }
+            scope.statements += GoSub(null, call.target, null, call.position)
+            if(function.shouldSaveX()) {
+                scope.statements += FunctionCallStatement(IdentifierReference(listOf("rrestorex"), call.position), mutableListOf(), true, call.position)
+            }
+            return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(call, scope, parent))
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun popCall(targetName: List<String>, dt: DataType, position: Position): FunctionCallStatement {
+        return FunctionCallStatement(
+            IdentifierReference(listOf(if(dt in ByteDatatypes) "pop" else "popw"), position),
+            mutableListOf(IdentifierReference(targetName, position)),
+            true, position
+        )
+    }
+
+    private fun pushCall(value: Expression, dt: DataType, position: Position): FunctionCallStatement {
+        val pushvalue = when(dt) {
+            DataType.UBYTE, DataType.UWORD -> value
+            in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> value
+            DataType.BYTE -> TypecastExpression(value, DataType.UBYTE, true, position)
+            DataType.WORD -> TypecastExpression(value, DataType.UWORD, true, position)
+            else -> throw FatalAstException("invalid dt $dt    $value")
+        }
+
+        return FunctionCallStatement(
+            IdentifierReference(listOf(if(dt in ByteDatatypes) "push" else "pushw"), position),
+            mutableListOf(pushvalue),
+            true, position
+        )
+    }
+
 }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/TypecastsAdder.kt

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
 import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
-import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
-import prog8.compiler.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.compilerinterface.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IErrorReporter
 
 
 class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter) : AstWalker() {
@@ -46,8 +46,29 @@ class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter) : AstWalk
         val leftDt = expr.left.inferType(program)
         val rightDt = expr.right.inferType(program)
         if(leftDt.isKnown && rightDt.isKnown && leftDt!=rightDt) {
+
+            // convert a negative operand for bitwise operator to the 2's complement positive number instead
+            if(expr.operator in bitwiseOperators && leftDt.isInteger && rightDt.isInteger) {
+                val leftCv = expr.left.constValue(program)
+                if(leftCv!=null && leftCv.number<0) {
+                    val value = if(rightDt.isBytes) 256+leftCv.number else 65536+leftCv.number
+                    return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
+                        expr.left,
+                        NumericLiteralValue(rightDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), value, expr.left.position),
+                        expr))
+                }
+                val rightCv = expr.right.constValue(program)
+                if(rightCv!=null && rightCv.number<0) {
+                    val value = if(leftDt.isBytes) 256+rightCv.number else 65536+rightCv.number
+                    return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
+                        expr.right,
+                        NumericLiteralValue(leftDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), value, expr.right.position),
+                        expr))
+                }
+            }
+
             // determine common datatype and add typecast as required to make left and right equal types
-            val (commonDt, toFix) = BinaryExpression.commonDatatype(leftDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), rightDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), expr.left, expr.right)
+            val (commonDt, toFix) = BinaryExpression.commonDatatype(leftDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), rightDt.getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED), expr.left, expr.operator, expr.right)
             if(toFix!=null) {
                 return when {
                     toFix===expr.left -> listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
@@ -78,10 +99,10 @@ class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter) : AstWalk
                             TypecastExpression(assignment.value, targettype, true, assignment.value.position),
                             assignment))
                 } else {
-                    fun castLiteral(cvalue: NumericLiteralValue): List<IAstModification.ReplaceNode> {
-                        val cast = cvalue.cast(targettype)
+                    fun castLiteral(cvalue2: NumericLiteralValue): List<IAstModification.ReplaceNode> {
+                        val cast = cvalue2.cast(targettype)
                         return if(cast.isValid)
-                            listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(cvalue, cast.valueOrZero(), cvalue.parent))
+                            listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(assignment.value, cast.valueOrZero(), assignment))
                         else
                             emptyList()
                     }
@@ -135,11 +156,13 @@ class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter) : AstWalk
                                         TypecastExpression(pair.second, requiredType, true, pair.second.position),
                                         call as Node)
                             } else if(requiredType == DataType.UWORD && argtype in PassByReferenceDatatypes) {
-                                // we allow STR/ARRAY values in place of UWORD parameters. Take their address instead.
-                                if(pair.second is IdentifierReference) {
+                                // We allow STR/ARRAY values in place of UWORD parameters.
+                                // Take their address instead, UNLESS it's a str parameter in the containing subroutine
+                                val identifier = pair.second as? IdentifierReference
+                                if(identifier?.isSubroutineParameter(program)==false) {
                                     modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
                                             call.args[index],
-                                            AddressOf(pair.second as IdentifierReference, pair.second.position),
+                                            AddressOf(identifier, pair.second.position),
                                             call as Node)
                                 }
                             } else if(pair.second is NumericLiteralValue) {
@@ -169,6 +192,18 @@ class TypecastsAdder(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter) : AstWalk
                                             call as Node)
                                     break
                                 }
+                                else if(DataType.UWORD in pair.first.possibleDatatypes && argtype in PassByReferenceDatatypes) {
+                                    // We allow STR/ARRAY values in place of UWORD parameters.
+                                    // Take their address instead, UNLESS it's a str parameter in the containing subroutine
+                                    val identifier = pair.second as? IdentifierReference
+                                    if(identifier?.isSubroutineParameter(program)==false) {
+                                        modifications += IAstModification.ReplaceNode(
+                                            call.args[index],
+                                            AddressOf(identifier, pair.second.position),
+                                            call as Node)
+                                        break
+                                    }
+                                }
                             }
                         }
                     }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/VariousCleanups.kt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package prog8.compiler.astprocessing
 
 import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
-import prog8.ast.INameScope
+import prog8.ast.IStatementContainer
 import prog8.ast.Node
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.FatalAstException
@@ -10,23 +10,23 @@ import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
 import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
-import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IErrorReporter
 
 
 internal class VariousCleanups(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter): AstWalker() {
 
     override fun before(nopStatement: NopStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(nopStatement, parent as INameScope))
+        return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(nopStatement, parent as IStatementContainer))
     }
 
     override fun before(scope: AnonymousScope, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        return if(parent is INameScope)
-            listOf(ScopeFlatten(scope, parent as INameScope))
+        return if(parent is IStatementContainer)
+            listOf(ScopeFlatten(scope, parent as IStatementContainer))
         else
             noModifications
     }
 
-    class ScopeFlatten(val scope: AnonymousScope, val into: INameScope) : IAstModification {
+    class ScopeFlatten(val scope: AnonymousScope, val into: IStatementContainer) : IAstModification {
         override fun perform() {
             val idx = into.statements.indexOf(scope)
             if(idx>=0) {
@@ -74,6 +74,14 @@ internal class VariousCleanups(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter)
         if(sourceDt istype typecast.type)
             return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(typecast, typecast.expression, parent))
 
+        if(parent is Assignment) {
+            val targetDt = (parent).target.inferType(program).getOrElse { throw FatalAstException("invalid dt") }
+            if(sourceDt istype targetDt) {
+                // we can get rid of this typecast because the type is already
+                return listOf(IAstModification.ReplaceNode(typecast, typecast.expression, parent))
+            }
+        }
+
         return noModifications
     }
 
@@ -86,6 +94,13 @@ internal class VariousCleanups(val program: Program, val errors: IErrorReporter)
     override fun after(assignment: Assignment, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
         if(assignment.parent!==parent)
             throw FatalAstException("parent node mismatch at $assignment")
+
+        val nextAssign = assignment.nextSibling() as? Assignment
+        if(nextAssign!=null && nextAssign.target.isSameAs(assignment.target, program)) {
+            if(nextAssign.value isSameAs assignment.value)
+                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(assignment, parent as IStatementContainer))
+        }
+
         return noModifications
     }
 

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/astprocessing/VerifyFunctionArgTypes.kt

@@ -8,21 +8,21 @@ import prog8.ast.expressions.FunctionCall
 import prog8.ast.expressions.TypecastExpression
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
 import prog8.ast.walk.IAstVisitor
-import prog8.compiler.CompilerException
-import prog8.compiler.functions.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.compilerinterface.BuiltinFunctions
+import prog8.compilerinterface.InternalCompilerException
 
-class VerifyFunctionArgTypes(val program: Program) : IAstVisitor {
+internal class VerifyFunctionArgTypes(val program: Program) : IAstVisitor {
 
     override fun visit(functionCall: FunctionCall) {
         val error = checkTypes(functionCall as IFunctionCall, program)
         if(error!=null)
-            throw CompilerException(error)
+            throw InternalCompilerException(error)
     }
 
     override fun visit(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement) {
         val error = checkTypes(functionCallStatement as IFunctionCall, program)
         if (error!=null)
-            throw CompilerException(error)
+            throw InternalCompilerException(error)
     }
 
     companion object {
@@ -83,8 +83,13 @@ class VerifyFunctionArgTypes(val program: Program) : IAstVisitor {
                     val anyCompatible = pair.second.any { argTypeCompatible(pair.first, it) }
                     if (!anyCompatible) {
                         val actual = pair.first.toString()
-                        val expected = pair.second.toString()
-                        return "argument ${index + 1} type mismatch, was: $actual expected: $expected"
+                        return if(pair.second.size==1) {
+                            val expected = pair.second[0].toString()
+                            "argument ${index + 1} type mismatch, was: $actual expected: $expected"
+                        } else {
+                            val expected = pair.second.toList().toString()
+                            "argument ${index + 1} type mismatch, was: $actual expected one of: $expected"
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             }

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/IAssemblyGenerator.kt

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target
-
-import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
-
-internal interface IAssemblyGenerator {
-    fun compileToAssembly(): IAssemblyProgram
-}
-
-internal const val generatedLabelPrefix = "_prog8_label_"
-internal const val subroutineFloatEvalResultVar1 = "_prog8_float_eval_result1"
-internal const val subroutineFloatEvalResultVar2 = "_prog8_float_eval_result2"
-
-internal interface IAssemblyProgram {
-    val valid: Boolean
-    val name: String
-    fun assemble(options: CompilationOptions): Int
-}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/ICompilationTarget.kt

@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target
-
-import com.github.michaelbull.result.fold
-import prog8.ast.IMemSizer
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.base.*
-import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
-import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
-import prog8.ast.statements.AssignTarget
-import prog8.compiler.CompilationOptions
-import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
-import prog8.compiler.IStringEncoding
-import prog8.compiler.Zeropage
-import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition
-import prog8.compiler.target.cbm.Petscii
-import prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen.AsmGen
-import prog8.compiler.target.cx16.CX16MachineDefinition
-import java.io.CharConversionException
-import java.nio.file.Path
-
-
-interface ICompilationTarget: IStringEncoding, IMemSizer {
-    val name: String
-    val machine: IMachineDefinition
-    override fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean): List<Short>
-    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<Short>, altEncoding: Boolean): String
-}
-
-
-internal object C64Target: ICompilationTarget {
-    override val name = "c64"
-    override val machine = C64MachineDefinition
-    override fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean): List<Short> {
-        val coded = if (altEncoding) Petscii.encodeScreencode(str, true) else Petscii.encodePetscii(str, true)
-        return coded.fold(
-            failure = { throw it },
-            success = { it }
-        )
-    }
-    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<Short>, altEncoding: Boolean) =
-        try {
-            if (altEncoding) Petscii.decodeScreencode(bytes, true) else Petscii.decodePetscii(bytes, true)
-        } catch (x: CharConversionException) {
-            throw CharConversionException("can't decode string: ${x.message}")
-        }
-
-    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType): Int {
-        return when(dt) {
-            in ByteDatatypes -> 1
-            in WordDatatypes -> 2
-            DataType.FLOAT -> machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
-            in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> machine.POINTER_MEM_SIZE
-            else -> -9999999
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-internal object Cx16Target: ICompilationTarget {
-    override val name = "cx16"
-    override val machine = CX16MachineDefinition
-    override fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean): List<Short> {
-        val coded= if (altEncoding) Petscii.encodeScreencode(str, true) else Petscii.encodePetscii(str, true)
-        return coded.fold(
-            failure = { throw it },
-            success = { it }
-        )
-    }
-    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<Short>, altEncoding: Boolean) =
-        try {
-            if (altEncoding) Petscii.decodeScreencode(bytes, true) else Petscii.decodePetscii(bytes, true)
-        } catch (x: CharConversionException) {
-            throw CharConversionException("can't decode string: ${x.message}")
-        }
-
-    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType): Int {
-        return when(dt) {
-            in ByteDatatypes -> 1
-            in WordDatatypes -> 2
-            DataType.FLOAT -> machine.FLOAT_MEM_SIZE
-            in PassByReferenceDatatypes -> machine.POINTER_MEM_SIZE
-            else -> -9999999
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-
-internal fun asmGeneratorFor(
-    compTarget: ICompilationTarget,
-    program: Program,
-    errors: IErrorReporter,
-    zp: Zeropage,
-    options: CompilationOptions,
-    outputDir: Path
-): IAssemblyGenerator
-{
-    // at the moment we only have one code generation backend (for 6502 and 65c02)
-    return AsmGen(program, errors, zp, options, compTarget, outputDir)
-}

compiler/src/prog8/compiler/target/cpu6502/codegen/AsmOptimizer.kt

@@ -1,242 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.compiler.target.cpu6502.codegen
-
-
-// note: see https://wiki.nesdev.com/w/index.php/6502_assembly_optimisations
-
-
-fun optimizeAssembly(lines: MutableList<String>): Int {
-
-    var numberOfOptimizations = 0
-
-    var linesByFour = getLinesBy(lines, 4)
-
-    var mods = optimizeUselessStackByteWrites(linesByFour)
-    if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
-        apply(mods, lines)
-        linesByFour = getLinesBy(lines, 4)
-        numberOfOptimizations++
-    }
-
-    mods = optimizeIncDec(linesByFour)
-    if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
-        apply(mods, lines)
-        linesByFour = getLinesBy(lines, 4)
-        numberOfOptimizations++
-    }
-
-    mods = optimizeCmpSequence(linesByFour)
-    if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
-        apply(mods, lines)
-        linesByFour = getLinesBy(lines, 4)
-        numberOfOptimizations++
-    }
-
-    mods = optimizeStoreLoadSame(linesByFour)
-    if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
-        apply(mods, lines)
-        linesByFour = getLinesBy(lines, 4)
-        numberOfOptimizations++
-    }
-
-    mods= optimizeJsrRts(linesByFour)
-    if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
-        apply(mods, lines)
-        linesByFour = getLinesBy(lines, 4)
-        numberOfOptimizations++
-    }
-
-    var linesByFourteen = getLinesBy(lines, 14)
-    mods = optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen)
-    if(mods.isNotEmpty()) {
-        apply(mods, lines)
-        linesByFourteen = getLinesBy(lines, 14)
-        numberOfOptimizations++
-    }
-
-    // TODO more assembly optimizations
-
-    return numberOfOptimizations
-}
-
-private class Modification(val lineIndex: Int, val remove: Boolean, val replacement: String?)
-
-private fun apply(modifications: List<Modification>, lines: MutableList<String>) {
-    for (modification in modifications.sortedBy { it.lineIndex }.reversed()) {
-        if(modification.remove)
-            lines.removeAt(modification.lineIndex)
-        else
-            lines[modification.lineIndex] = modification.replacement!!
-    }
-}
-
-private fun getLinesBy(lines: MutableList<String>, windowSize: Int) =
-// all lines (that aren't empty or comments) in sliding windows of certain size
-        lines.withIndex().filter { it.value.isNotBlank() && !it.value.trimStart().startsWith(';') }.windowed(windowSize, partialWindows = false)
-
-private fun optimizeCmpSequence(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<Modification> {
-    // when statement (on bytes) generates a sequence of:
-    //	 lda  $ce01,x
-    //	 cmp  #$20
-    //	 beq  check_prog8_s72choice_32
-    //	 lda  $ce01,x
-    //	 cmp  #$21
-    //	 beq  check_prog8_s73choice_33
-    // the repeated lda can be removed
-    val mods = mutableListOf<Modification>()
-    for(lines in linesByFour) {
-        if(lines[0].value.trim()=="lda  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x" &&
-                lines[1].value.trim().startsWith("cmp ") &&
-                lines[2].value.trim().startsWith("beq ") &&
-                lines[3].value.trim()=="lda  P8ESTACK_LO+1,x") {
-            mods.add(Modification(lines[3].index, true, null)) // remove the second lda
-        }
-    }
-    return mods
-}
-
-private fun optimizeUselessStackByteWrites(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<Modification> {
-    // sta on stack, dex, inx, lda from stack -> eliminate this useless stack byte write
-    // this is a lot harder for word values because the instruction sequence varies.
-    val mods = mutableListOf<Modification>()
-    for(lines in linesByFour) {
-        if(lines[0].value.trim()=="sta  P8ESTACK_LO,x" &&
-                lines[1].value.trim()=="dex" &&
-                lines[2].value.trim()=="inx" &&
-                lines[3].value.trim()=="lda  P8ESTACK_LO,x") {
-            mods.add(Modification(lines[1].index, true, null))
-            mods.add(Modification(lines[2].index, true, null))
-            mods.add(Modification(lines[3].index, true, null))
-        }
-    }
-    return mods
-}
-
-private fun optimizeSameAssignments(linesByFourteen: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<Modification> {
-
-    // optimize sequential assignments of the isSameAs value to various targets (bytes, words, floats)
-    // the float one is the one that requires 2*7=14 lines of code to check...
-    // @todo a better place to do this is in the Compiler instead and transform the Ast, or the AsmGen, and never even create the inefficient asm in the first place...
-
-    val mods = mutableListOf<Modification>()
-    for (pair in linesByFourteen) {
-        val first = pair[0].value.trimStart()
-        val second = pair[1].value.trimStart()
-        val third = pair[2].value.trimStart()
-        val fourth = pair[3].value.trimStart()
-        val fifth = pair[4].value.trimStart()
-        val sixth = pair[5].value.trimStart()
-        val seventh = pair[6].value.trimStart()
-        val eighth = pair[7].value.trimStart()
-
-        if(first.startsWith("lda") && second.startsWith("ldy") && third.startsWith("sta") && fourth.startsWith("sty") &&
-                fifth.startsWith("lda") && sixth.startsWith("ldy") && seventh.startsWith("sta") && eighth.startsWith("sty")) {
-            val firstvalue = first.substring(4)
-            val secondvalue = second.substring(4)
-            val thirdvalue = fifth.substring(4)
-            val fourthvalue = sixth.substring(4)
-            if(firstvalue==thirdvalue && secondvalue==fourthvalue) {
-                // lda/ldy   sta/sty   twice the isSameAs word -->  remove second lda/ldy pair (fifth and sixth lines)
-                mods.add(Modification(pair[4].index, true, null))
-                mods.add(Modification(pair[5].index, true, null))
-            }
-        }
-
-        if(first.startsWith("lda") && second.startsWith("sta") && third.startsWith("lda") && fourth.startsWith("sta")) {
-            val firstvalue = first.substring(4)
-            val secondvalue = third.substring(4)
-            if(firstvalue==secondvalue) {
-                // lda value / sta ? / lda isSameAs-value / sta ?  -> remove second lda (third line)
-                mods.add(Modification(pair[2].index, true, null))
-            }
-        }
-
-        if(first.startsWith("lda") && second.startsWith("ldy") && third.startsWith("sta") && fourth.startsWith("sty") &&
-                fifth.startsWith("lda") && sixth.startsWith("ldy") &&
-                (seventh.startsWith("jsr  floats.copy_float") || seventh.startsWith("jsr  cx16flt.copy_float"))) {
-
-            val nineth = pair[8].value.trimStart()
-            val tenth = pair[9].value.trimStart()
-            val eleventh = pair[10].value.trimStart()
-            val twelveth = pair[11].value.trimStart()
-            val thirteenth = pair[12].value.trimStart()
-            val fourteenth = pair[13].value.trimStart()
-
-            if(eighth.startsWith("lda") && nineth.startsWith("ldy") && tenth.startsWith("sta") && eleventh.startsWith("sty") &&
-                    twelveth.startsWith("lda") && thirteenth.startsWith("ldy") &&
-                    (fourteenth.startsWith("jsr  floats.copy_float") || fourteenth.startsWith("jsr  cx16flt.copy_float"))) {
-
-                if(first.substring(4) == eighth.substring(4) && second.substring(4)==nineth.substring(4)) {
-                    // identical float init
-                    mods.add(Modification(pair[7].index, true, null))
-                    mods.add(Modification(pair[8].index, true, null))
-                    mods.add(Modification(pair[9].index, true, null))
-                    mods.add(Modification(pair[10].index, true, null))
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return mods
-}
-
-private fun optimizeStoreLoadSame(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<Modification> {
-    // sta X + lda X,  sty X + ldy X,   stx X + ldx X  -> the second instruction can OFTEN be eliminated
-    // TODO this is not true if X is not a regular RAM memory address (but instead mapped I/O or ROM)
-    val mods = mutableListOf<Modification>()
-    for (pair in linesByFour) {
-        val first = pair[0].value.trimStart()
-        val second = pair[1].value.trimStart()
-
-        if ((first.startsWith("sta ") && second.startsWith("lda ")) ||
-                (first.startsWith("stx ") && second.startsWith("ldx ")) ||
-                (first.startsWith("sty ") && second.startsWith("ldy ")) ||
-                (first.startsWith("lda ") && second.startsWith("lda ")) ||
-                (first.startsWith("ldy ") && second.startsWith("ldy ")) ||
-                (first.startsWith("ldx ") && second.startsWith("ldx ")) ||
-                (first.startsWith("sta ") && second.startsWith("lda ")) ||
-                (first.startsWith("sty ") && second.startsWith("ldy ")) ||
-                (first.startsWith("stx ") && second.startsWith("ldx "))
-        ) {
-            val third = pair[2].value.trimStart()
-            if(!third.startsWith("b")) {
-                // no branch instruction follows, we can potentiall remove the load instruction
-                val firstLoc = first.substring(4).trimStart()
-                val secondLoc = second.substring(4).trimStart()
-                if (firstLoc == secondLoc) {
-                    mods.add(Modification(pair[1].index, true, null))
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return mods
-}
-
-private fun optimizeIncDec(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<Modification> {
-    // sometimes, iny+dey / inx+dex / dey+iny / dex+inx sequences are generated, these can be eliminated.
-    val mods = mutableListOf<Modification>()
-    for (pair in linesByFour) {
-        val first = pair[0].value
-        val second = pair[1].value
-        if ((" iny" in first || "\tiny" in first) && (" dey" in second || "\tdey" in second)
-                || (" inx" in first || "\tinx" in first) && (" dex" in second || "\tdex" in second)
-                || (" dey" in first || "\tdey" in first) && (" iny" in second || "\tiny" in second)
-                || (" dex" in first || "\tdex" in first) && (" inx" in second || "\tinx" in second)) {
-            mods.add(Modification(pair[0].index, true, null))
-            mods.add(Modification(pair[1].index, true, null))
-        }
-    }
-    return mods
-}
-
-private fun optimizeJsrRts(linesByFour: List<List<IndexedValue<String>>>): List<Modification> {
-    // jsr Sub + rts -> jmp Sub
-    val mods = mutableListOf<Modification>()
-    for (pair in linesByFour) {
-        val first = pair[0].value
-        val second = pair[1].value
-        if ((" jsr" in first || "\tjsr" in first ) && (" rts" in second || "\trts" in second)) {
-            mods += Modification(pair[0].index, false, pair[0].value.replace("jsr", "jmp"))
-            mods += Modification(pair[1].index, true, null)
-        }
-    }
-    return mods
-}

compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/BinExprSplitter.kt

@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.optimizer
-
-import prog8.ast.INameScope
-import prog8.ast.Node
-import prog8.ast.Program
-import prog8.ast.expressions.BinaryExpression
-import prog8.ast.expressions.augmentAssignmentOperators
-import prog8.ast.statements.AssignTarget
-import prog8.ast.statements.Assignment
-import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
-import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
-import prog8.compiler.astprocessing.isInRegularRAMof
-import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
-
-
-internal class BinExprSplitter(private val program: Program, private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget) : AstWalker() {
-
-//    override fun after(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-// TODO somehow if we do this, the resulting code for some programs (cube3d.p8) gets hundreds of bytes larger...:
-//        if(decl.type==VarDeclType.VAR ) {
-//            val binExpr = decl.value as? BinaryExpression
-//            if (binExpr != null && binExpr.operator in augmentAssignmentOperators) {
-//                // split into a vardecl with just the left expression, and an aug. assignment with the right expression.
-//                val augExpr = BinaryExpression(IdentifierReference(listOf(decl.name), decl.position), binExpr.operator, binExpr.right, binExpr.position)
-//                val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf(decl.name), decl.position), null, null, decl.position)
-//                val assign = Assignment(target, augExpr, binExpr.position)
-//                println("SPLIT VARDECL $decl")
-//                return listOf(
-//                        IAstModification.SetExpression({ decl.value = it }, binExpr.left, decl),
-//                        IAstModification.InsertAfter(decl, assign, parent)
-//                )
-//            }
-//        }
-//        return noModifications
-//    }
-
-    override fun after(assignment: Assignment, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-
-        val binExpr = assignment.value as? BinaryExpression
-        if (binExpr != null) {
-/*
-
-Reduce the complexity of a (binary) expression that has to be evaluated on the eval stack,
-by attempting to splitting it up into individual simple steps.
-We only consider a binary expression *one* level deep (so the operands must not be a combined expression)
-
-
-X =      BinExpr                                    X   =   LeftExpr
-        <operator>                                     followed by
-          /   \             IF 'X' not used         X   =   BinExpr
-         /     \             IN expression ==>             <operator>
-        /       \                                           /   \
-    LeftExpr.  RightExpr.                                  /     \
-                                                          X     RightExpr.
-
-
- */
-            if(binExpr.operator in augmentAssignmentOperators && isSimpleTarget(assignment.target)) {
-                if(assignment.target isSameAs binExpr.left || assignment.target isSameAs binExpr.right)
-                    return noModifications
-
-                if(binExpr.right.isSimple && !assignment.isAugmentable) {
-                    val firstAssign = Assignment(assignment.target.copy(), binExpr.left, binExpr.left.position)
-                    val targetExpr = assignment.target.toExpression()
-                    val augExpr = BinaryExpression(targetExpr, binExpr.operator, binExpr.right, binExpr.right.position)
-                    return listOf(
-                        IAstModification.ReplaceNode(binExpr, augExpr, assignment),
-                        IAstModification.InsertBefore(assignment, firstAssign, assignment.parent as INameScope)
-                    )
-                }
-            }
-
-            // TODO further unraveling of binary expression trees into flat statements.
-            // however this should probably be done in a more generic way to also service
-            // the expressiontrees that are not used in an assignment statement...
-        }
-
-        return noModifications
-    }
-
-    private fun isSimpleTarget(target: AssignTarget) =
-            if (target.identifier!=null || target.memoryAddress!=null)
-                target.isInRegularRAMof(compTarget.machine)
-            else
-                false
-
-}

compiler/src/prog8/optimizer/UnusedCodeRemover.kt

@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-package prog8.optimizer
-
-import prog8.ast.*
-import prog8.ast.base.VarDeclType
-import prog8.ast.expressions.BinaryExpression
-import prog8.ast.expressions.FunctionCall
-import prog8.ast.expressions.PrefixExpression
-import prog8.ast.expressions.TypecastExpression
-import prog8.ast.statements.*
-import prog8.ast.walk.AstWalker
-import prog8.ast.walk.IAstModification
-import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
-import prog8.compiler.astprocessing.isInRegularRAMof
-import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
-
-
-internal class UnusedCodeRemover(private val program: Program,
-                                 private val errors: IErrorReporter,
-                                 private val compTarget: ICompilationTarget): AstWalker() {
-
-    private val callgraph = CallGraph(program)
-
-    override fun before(module: Module, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        return if (!module.isLibrary && (module.containsNoCodeNorVars || callgraph.unused(module)))
-            listOf(IAstModification.Remove(module, module.definingScope))
-        else
-            noModifications
-    }
-
-    override fun before(breakStmt: Break, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        reportUnreachable(breakStmt, parent as INameScope)
-        return emptyList()
-    }
-
-    override fun before(jump: Jump, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        reportUnreachable(jump, parent as INameScope)
-        return emptyList()
-    }
-
-    override fun before(returnStmt: Return, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        reportUnreachable(returnStmt, parent as INameScope)
-        return emptyList()
-    }
-
-    override fun before(functionCallStatement: FunctionCallStatement, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        if(functionCallStatement.target.nameInSource.last() == "exit")
-            reportUnreachable(functionCallStatement, parent as INameScope)
-        return emptyList()
-    }
-
-    private fun reportUnreachable(stmt: Statement, parent: INameScope) {
-        when(val next = parent.nextSibling(stmt)) {
-            null, is Label, is Directive, is VarDecl, is InlineAssembly, is Subroutine -> {}
-            else -> errors.warn("unreachable code", next.position)
-        }
-    }
-
-    override fun after(scope: AnonymousScope, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        val removeDoubleAssignments = deduplicateAssignments(scope.statements)
-        return removeDoubleAssignments.map { IAstModification.Remove(it, scope) }
-    }
-
-    override fun after(block: Block, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        if("force_output" !in block.options()) {
-            if (block.containsNoCodeNorVars) {
-                if(block.name != internedStringsModuleName)
-                    errors.warn("removing unused block '${block.name}'", block.position)
-                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(block, parent as INameScope))
-            }
-            if(callgraph.unused(block)) {
-                errors.warn("removing unused block '${block.name}'", block.position)
-                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(block, parent as INameScope))
-            }
-        }
-
-        val removeDoubleAssignments = deduplicateAssignments(block.statements)
-        return removeDoubleAssignments.map { IAstModification.Remove(it, block) }
-    }
-
-    override fun after(subroutine: Subroutine, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        val forceOutput = "force_output" in subroutine.definingBlock.options()
-        if (subroutine !== program.entrypoint && !forceOutput && !subroutine.inline && !subroutine.isAsmSubroutine) {
-            if(callgraph.unused(subroutine)) {
-                if(subroutine.containsNoCodeNorVars) {
-                    if(!subroutine.definingModule.isLibrary)
-                        errors.warn("removing empty subroutine '${subroutine.name}'", subroutine.position)
-                    val removals = mutableListOf(IAstModification.Remove(subroutine, subroutine.definingScope))
-                    callgraph.calledBy[subroutine]?.let {
-                        for(node in it)
-                            removals.add(IAstModification.Remove(node, node.definingScope))
-                    }
-                    return removals
-                }
-                if(!subroutine.definingModule.isLibrary)
-                    errors.warn("removing unused subroutine '${subroutine.name}'", subroutine.position)
-                return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(subroutine, subroutine.definingScope))
-            }
-        }
-
-        val removeDoubleAssignments = deduplicateAssignments(subroutine.statements)
-        return removeDoubleAssignments.map { IAstModification.Remove(it, subroutine) }
-    }
-
-    override fun after(decl: VarDecl, parent: Node): Iterable<IAstModification> {
-        if(decl.type==VarDeclType.VAR) {
-            val forceOutput = "force_output" in decl.definingBlock.options()
-            if (!forceOutput && !decl.autogeneratedDontRemove && !decl.sharedWithAsm && !decl.definingBlock.isInLibrary) {
-                if (callgraph.unused(decl)) {
-                    errors.warn("removing unused variable '${decl.name}'", decl.position)
-                    return listOf(IAstModification.Remove(decl, decl.definingScope))
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        return noModifications
-    }
-
-    private fun deduplicateAssignments(statements: List<Statement>): List<Assignment> {
-        // removes 'duplicate' assignments that assign the same target directly after another
-        val linesToRemove = mutableListOf<Assignment>()
-
-        for (stmtPairs in statements.windowed(2, step = 1)) {
-            val assign1 = stmtPairs[0] as? Assignment
-            val assign2 = stmtPairs[1] as? Assignment
-            if (assign1 != null && assign2 != null && !assign2.isAugmentable) {
-                if (assign1.target.isSameAs(assign2.target, program) && assign1.target.isInRegularRAMof(compTarget.machine))  {
-                    if(assign2.target.identifier==null || !assign2.value.referencesIdentifier(*(assign2.target.identifier!!.nameInSource.toTypedArray())))
-                        // only remove the second assignment if its value is a simple expression!
-                        when(assign2.value) {
-                            is PrefixExpression,
-                            is BinaryExpression,
-                            is TypecastExpression,
-                            is FunctionCall -> { /* don't remove */ }
-                            else -> linesToRemove.add(assign1)
-                        }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        return linesToRemove
-    }
-}

compiler/test/ModuleImporterTests.kt

@@ -1,133 +1,104 @@
 package prog8tests
 
-import kotlin.test.*
 import com.github.michaelbull.result.getErrorOrElse
 import com.github.michaelbull.result.getOrElse
-import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat
-import org.hamcrest.Matchers.*
-import org.hamcrest.core.Is
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.internedStringsModuleName
-import prog8.compiler.IErrorReporter
 import prog8.compiler.ModuleImporter
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IErrorReporter
 import prog8.parser.ParseError
 import prog8.parser.SourceCode
-import prog8tests.helpers.*
+import prog8tests.ast.helpers.*
+import prog8tests.helpers.ErrorReporterForTests
+import prog8tests.helpers.DummyFunctions
+import prog8tests.helpers.DummyMemsizer
+import prog8tests.helpers.DummyStringEncoder
 import kotlin.io.path.*
+import io.kotest.assertions.fail
+import io.kotest.assertions.throwables.shouldThrow
+import io.kotest.assertions.withClue
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.collections.shouldBeIn
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import io.kotest.matchers.string.shouldContain
 
 
-@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
-class TestModuleImporter {
-    private val count = listOf("1st", "2nd", "3rd", "4th", "5th")
+class TestModuleImporter: FunSpec({
+    val count = listOf("1st", "2nd", "3rd", "4th", "5th")
 
-    private lateinit var program: Program
-    @BeforeEach
-    fun beforeEach() {
-        program = Program("foo", DummyFunctions, DummyMemsizer)
+    lateinit var program: Program
+
+    beforeTest {
+        program = Program("foo", DummyFunctions, DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
     }
 
-    private fun makeImporter(errors: IErrorReporter?, vararg searchIn: String): ModuleImporter {
+    fun makeImporter(errors: IErrorReporter? = null, searchIn: Iterable<String>) =
+        ModuleImporter(program, "blah", errors ?: ErrorReporterForTests(false), searchIn.toList())
+
+    fun makeImporter(errors: IErrorReporter?, vararg searchIn: String): ModuleImporter {
         return makeImporter(errors, searchIn.asList())
     }
 
-    private fun makeImporter(errors: IErrorReporter? = null, searchIn: Iterable<String>) =
-        ModuleImporter(program, "blah", errors ?: ErrorReporterForTests(), searchIn.toList())
+    context("ImportModule") {
 
-    @Nested
-    inner class Constructor {
-
-        @Test
-        @Disabled("TODO: invalid entries in search list")
-        fun testInvalidEntriesInSearchList() {}
-
-        @Test
-        @Disabled("TODO: literal duplicates in search list")
-        fun testLiteralDuplicatesInSearchList() {}
-
-        @Test
-        @Disabled("TODO: factual duplicates in search list")
-        fun testFactualDuplicatesInSearchList() {}
-    }
-
-    @Nested
-    inner class ImportModule {
-
-        @Nested
-        inner class WithInvalidPath {
-            @Test
-            fun testNonexisting() {
+        context("WithInvalidPath") {
+            test("testNonexisting") {
                 val dirRel = assumeDirectory(".", workingDir.relativize(fixturesDir))
                 val importer = makeImporter(null, dirRel.invariantSeparatorsPathString)
                 val srcPathRel = assumeNotExists(dirRel, "i_do_not_exist")
                 val srcPathAbs = srcPathRel.absolute()
                 val error1 = importer.importModule(srcPathRel).getErrorOrElse { fail("should have import error") }
-                assertThat(
-                    ".file should be normalized",
-                    "${error1.file}", equalTo("${error1.file.normalize()}")
-                )
-                assertThat(
-                    ".file should point to specified path",
-                    error1.file.absolutePath, equalTo("${srcPathAbs.normalize()}")
-                )
-                assertThat(program.modules.size, equalTo(1))
+                withClue(".file should be normalized") {
+                    "${error1.file}" shouldBe "${error1.file.normalize()}"
+                }
+                withClue(".file should point to specified path") {
+                    error1.file.absolutePath shouldBe "${srcPathAbs.normalize()}"
+                }
+                program.modules.size shouldBe 1
 
                 val error2 = importer.importModule(srcPathAbs).getErrorOrElse { fail("should have import error") }
-                assertThat(
-                    ".file should be normalized",
-                    "${error2.file}", equalTo("${error2.file.normalize()}")
-                )
-                assertThat(
-                    ".file should point to specified path",
-                    error2.file.absolutePath, equalTo("${srcPathAbs.normalize()}")
-                )
-                assertThat(program.modules.size, equalTo(1))
+                withClue(".file should be normalized") {
+                    "${error2.file}" shouldBe "${error2.file.normalize()}"
+                }
+                withClue(".file should point to specified path") {
+                    error2.file.absolutePath shouldBe "${srcPathAbs.normalize()}"
+                }
+                program.modules.size shouldBe 1
             }
 
-            @Test
-            fun testDirectory() {
+            test("testDirectory") {
                 val srcPathRel = assumeDirectory(workingDir.relativize(fixturesDir))
                 val srcPathAbs = srcPathRel.absolute()
                 val searchIn = Path(".", "$srcPathRel").invariantSeparatorsPathString
                 val importer = makeImporter(null, searchIn)
 
-                assertFailsWith<AccessDeniedException> { importer.importModule(srcPathRel) }
+                shouldThrow<AccessDeniedException> { importer.importModule(srcPathRel) }
                     .let {
-                        assertThat(
-                            ".file should be normalized",
-                            "${it.file}", equalTo("${it.file.normalize()}")
-                        )
-                        assertThat(
-                            ".file should point to specified path",
-                            it.file.absolutePath, equalTo("${srcPathAbs.normalize()}")
-                        )
+                        withClue(".file should be normalized") {
+                            "${it.file}" shouldBe "${it.file.normalize()}"
+                        }
+                        withClue(".file should point to specified path") {
+                            it.file.absolutePath shouldBe "${srcPathAbs.normalize()}"
+                        }
                     }
-                assertThat(program.modules.size, equalTo(1))
+                program.modules.size shouldBe 1
 
-                assertFailsWith<AccessDeniedException> { importer.importModule(srcPathAbs) }
+                shouldThrow<AccessDeniedException> { importer.importModule(srcPathAbs) }
                     .let {
-                        assertThat(
-                            ".file should be normalized",
-                            "${it.file}", equalTo("${it.file.normalize()}")
-                        )
-                        assertThat(
-                            ".file should point to specified path",
-                            it.file.absolutePath, equalTo("${srcPathAbs.normalize()}")
-                        )
+                        withClue(".file should be normalized") {
+                            "${it.file}" shouldBe "${it.file.normalize()}"
+                        }
+                        withClue(".file should point to specified path") {
+                            it.file.absolutePath shouldBe "${srcPathAbs.normalize()}"
+                        }
                     }
-                assertThat(program.modules.size, equalTo(1))
+                program.modules.size shouldBe 1
             }
         }
 
-        @Nested
-        inner class WithValidPath {
+        context("WithValidPath") {
 
-            @Test
-            fun testAbsolute() {
+            test("testAbsolute") {
                 val searchIn = listOf(
                     Path(".").div(workingDir.relativize(fixturesDir)), // we do want a dot "." in front
                 ).map { it.invariantSeparatorsPathString }
@@ -136,29 +107,29 @@ class TestModuleImporter {
                 val path = assumeReadableFile(searchIn[0], fileName)
 
                 val module = importer.importModule(path.absolute()).getOrElse { throw it }
-                assertThat(program.modules.size, equalTo(2))
-                assertContains(program.modules, module)
-                assertThat(module.program, equalTo(program))
+                program.modules.size shouldBe 2
+                module shouldBeIn program.modules
+                module.program shouldBe program
             }
 
-            @Test
-            fun testRelativeToWorkingDir() {
+            test("testRelativeToWorkingDir") {
                 val searchIn = listOf(
                     Path(".").div(workingDir.relativize(fixturesDir)), // we do want a dot "." in front
                 ).map { it.invariantSeparatorsPathString }
                 val importer = makeImporter(null, searchIn)
                 val fileName = "simple_main.p8"
                 val path = assumeReadableFile(searchIn[0], fileName)
-                assertThat("sanity check: path should NOT be absolute", path.isAbsolute, equalTo(false))
+                withClue("sanity check: path should NOT be absolute") {
+                    path.isAbsolute shouldBe false
+                }
 
                 val module = importer.importModule(path).getOrElse { throw it }
-                assertThat(program.modules.size, equalTo(2))
-                assertContains(program.modules, module)
-                assertThat(module.program, equalTo(program))
+                program.modules.size shouldBe 2
+                module shouldBeIn program.modules
+                module.program shouldBe program
             }
 
-            @Test
-            fun testRelativeTo1stDirInSearchList() {
+            test("testRelativeTo1stDirInSearchList") {
                 val searchIn = Path(".")
                     .div(workingDir.relativize(fixturesDir))
                     .invariantSeparatorsPathString
@@ -168,51 +139,32 @@ class TestModuleImporter {
                 assumeReadableFile(searchIn, path)
 
                 val module = importer.importModule(path).getOrElse { throw it }
-                assertThat(program.modules.size, equalTo(2))
-                assertContains(program.modules, module)
-                assertThat(module.program, equalTo(program))
+                program.modules.size shouldBe 2
+                module shouldBeIn program.modules
+                module.program shouldBe program
             }
 
-            @Test
-            @Disabled("TODO: relative to 2nd in search list")
-            fun testRelativeTo2ndDirInSearchList() {}
-
-            @Test
-            @Disabled("TODO: ambiguous - 2 or more really different candidates")
-            fun testAmbiguousCandidates() {}
-
-            @Nested
-            inner class WithBadFile {
-                @Test
-                fun testWithSyntaxError() {
+            context("WithBadFile") {
+                test("testWithSyntaxError") {
                     val searchIn = assumeDirectory("./", workingDir.relativize(fixturesDir))
                     val importer = makeImporter(null, searchIn.invariantSeparatorsPathString)
                     val srcPath = assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, "file_with_syntax_error.p8")
 
                     val act = { importer.importModule(srcPath) }
 
-                    repeat(2) { n ->
-                        assertFailsWith<ParseError>(count[n] + " call") { act() }.let {
-                            assertThat(it.position.file, equalTo(SourceCode.relative(srcPath).toString()))
-                            assertThat("line; should be 1-based", it.position.line, equalTo(2))
-                            assertThat("startCol; should be 0-based", it.position.startCol, equalTo(6))
-                            assertThat("endCol; should be 0-based", it.position.endCol, equalTo(6))
+                    repeat(2) { n -> withClue(count[n] + " call") {
+                            shouldThrow<ParseError>() { act() }.let {
+                                it.position.file shouldBe SourceCode.relative(srcPath).toString()
+                                withClue("line; should be 1-based") { it.position.line shouldBe 2 }
+                                withClue("startCol; should be 0-based") { it.position.startCol shouldBe 6 }
+                                withClue("endCol; should be 0-based") { it.position.endCol shouldBe 6 }
+                            }
                         }
-                        assertThat(program.modules.size, equalTo(1))
+                        program.modules.size shouldBe 1
                     }
                 }
 
-                @Test
-                fun testImportingFileWithSyntaxError_once() {
-                    doTestImportingFileWithSyntaxError(1)
-                }
-
-                @Test
-                fun testImportingFileWithSyntaxError_twice() {
-                    doTestImportingFileWithSyntaxError(2)
-                }
-
-                private fun doTestImportingFileWithSyntaxError(repetitions: Int) {
+                fun doTestImportingFileWithSyntaxError(repetitions: Int) {
                     val searchIn = assumeDirectory("./", workingDir.relativize(fixturesDir))
                     val importer = makeImporter(null, searchIn.invariantSeparatorsPathString)
                     val importing = assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, "import_file_with_syntax_error.p8")
@@ -220,76 +172,80 @@ class TestModuleImporter {
 
                     val act = { importer.importModule(importing) }
 
-                    repeat(repetitions) { n ->
-                        assertFailsWith<ParseError>(count[n] + " call") { act() }.let {
-                            assertThat(it.position.file, equalTo(SourceCode.relative(imported).toString()))
-                            assertThat("line; should be 1-based", it.position.line, equalTo(2))
-                            assertThat("startCol; should be 0-based", it.position.startCol, equalTo(6))
-                            assertThat("endCol; should be 0-based", it.position.endCol, equalTo(6))
+                    repeat(repetitions) { n -> withClue(count[n] + " call") {
+                        shouldThrow<ParseError>() { act() }.let {
+                            it.position.file shouldBe SourceCode.relative(imported).toString()
+                            withClue("line; should be 1-based") { it.position.line shouldBe 2 }
+                            withClue("startCol; should be 0-based") { it.position.startCol shouldBe 6 }
+                            withClue("endCol; should be 0-based") { it.position.endCol shouldBe 6 }
                         }
-                        assertThat("imported module with error in it should not be present", program.modules.size, equalTo(1))
-                        assertThat(program.modules[0].name, equalTo(internedStringsModuleName))
                     }
+                        withClue("imported module with error in it should not be present") { program.modules.size shouldBe 1 }
+                        program.modules[0].name shouldBe internedStringsModuleName
+                    }
+                }
+
+                test("testImportingFileWithSyntaxError_once") {
+                    doTestImportingFileWithSyntaxError(1)
+                }
+
+                test("testImportingFileWithSyntaxError_twice") {
+                    doTestImportingFileWithSyntaxError(2)
                 }
             }
         }
-
     }
 
-    @Nested
-    inner class ImportLibraryModule {
-        @Nested
-        inner class WithInvalidName {
-            @Test
-            fun testWithNonExistingName() {
+    context("ImportLibraryModule") {
+        context("WithInvalidName") {
+            test("testWithNonExistingName") {
                 val searchIn = assumeDirectory("./", workingDir.relativize(fixturesDir))
-                val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+                val errors = ErrorReporterForTests(false)
                 val importer = makeImporter(errors, searchIn.invariantSeparatorsPathString)
                 val filenameNoExt = assumeNotExists(fixturesDir, "i_do_not_exist").name
                 val filenameWithExt = assumeNotExists(fixturesDir, "i_do_not_exist.p8").name
 
                 repeat(2) { n ->
                     val result = importer.importLibraryModule(filenameNoExt)
-                    assertThat(count[n] + " call / NO .p8 extension", result, Is(nullValue()))
-                    assertFalse(errors.noErrors(), count[n] + " call / NO .p8 extension")
-                    assertEquals(errors.errors.single(), "no module found with name i_do_not_exist")
+                    withClue(count[n] + " call / NO .p8 extension") { result shouldBe null }
+                    withClue(count[n] + " call / NO .p8 extension") { errors.noErrors() shouldBe false }
+                    errors.errors.single() shouldContain "0:0: no module found with name i_do_not_exist"
                     errors.report()
-                    assertThat(program.modules.size, equalTo(1))
+                    program.modules.size shouldBe 1
 
                     val result2 = importer.importLibraryModule(filenameWithExt)
-                    assertThat(count[n] + " call / with .p8 extension", result2, Is(nullValue()))
-                    assertFalse(importer.errors.noErrors(), count[n] + " call / with .p8 extension")
-                    assertEquals(errors.errors.single(), "no module found with name i_do_not_exist.p8")
+                    withClue(count[n] + " call / with .p8 extension") { result2 shouldBe null }
+                    withClue(count[n] + " call / with .p8 extension") { importer.errors.noErrors() shouldBe false }
+                    errors.errors.single() shouldContain "0:0: no module found with name i_do_not_exist.p8"
                     errors.report()
-                    assertThat(program.modules.size, equalTo(1))
+                    program.modules.size shouldBe 1
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        @Nested
-        inner class WithValidName {
-            @Nested
-            inner class WithBadFile {
-                @Test
-                fun testWithSyntaxError() {
+        context("WithValidName") {
+            context("WithBadFile") {
+                test("testWithSyntaxError") {
                     val searchIn = assumeDirectory("./", workingDir.relativize(fixturesDir))
                     val importer = makeImporter(null, searchIn.invariantSeparatorsPathString)
                     val srcPath = assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, "file_with_syntax_error.p8")
 
-                    repeat(2) { n ->
-                        assertFailsWith<ParseError>(count[n] + " call")
-                            { importer.importLibraryModule(srcPath.nameWithoutExtension) }.let {
-                                assertThat(it.position.file, equalTo(SourceCode.relative(srcPath).toString()))
-                                assertThat("line; should be 1-based", it.position.line, equalTo(2))
-                                assertThat("startCol; should be 0-based", it.position.startCol, equalTo(6))
-                                assertThat("endCol; should be 0-based", it.position.endCol, equalTo(6))
+                    repeat(2) { n -> withClue(count[n] + " call") {
+                            shouldThrow<ParseError>()
+                            {
+                                importer.importLibraryModule(srcPath.nameWithoutExtension) }.let {
+                                it.position.file shouldBe SourceCode.relative(srcPath).toString()
+                                withClue("line; should be 1-based") { it.position.line shouldBe 2 }
+                                withClue("startCol; should be 0-based") { it.position.startCol shouldBe 6 }
+                                withClue("endCol; should be 0-based") { it.position.endCol shouldBe 6 }
                             }
-                        assertThat(program.modules.size, equalTo(1))
+                        }
+                        program.modules.size shouldBe 1
                     }
                 }
 
 
-                private fun doTestImportingFileWithSyntaxError(repetitions: Int) {
+                fun doTestImportingFileWithSyntaxError(repetitions: Int) {
                     val searchIn = assumeDirectory("./", workingDir.relativize(fixturesDir))
                     val importer = makeImporter(null, searchIn.invariantSeparatorsPathString)
                     val importing = assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, "import_file_with_syntax_error.p8")
@@ -297,29 +253,29 @@ class TestModuleImporter {
 
                     val act = { importer.importLibraryModule(importing.nameWithoutExtension) }
 
-                    repeat(repetitions) { n ->
-                        assertFailsWith<ParseError>(count[n] + " call") { act() }.let {
-                            assertThat(it.position.file, equalTo(SourceCode.relative(imported).toString()))
-                            assertThat("line; should be 1-based", it.position.line, equalTo(2))
-                            assertThat("startCol; should be 0-based", it.position.startCol, equalTo(6))
-                            assertThat("endCol; should be 0-based", it.position.endCol, equalTo(6))
+                    repeat(repetitions) { n -> withClue(count[n] + " call") {
+                            shouldThrow<ParseError>() {
+                                act() }.let {
+                                it.position.file shouldBe SourceCode.relative(imported).toString()
+                                withClue("line; should be 1-based") { it.position.line shouldBe 2 }
+                                withClue("startCol; should be 0-based") { it.position.startCol shouldBe 6 }
+                                withClue("endCol; should be 0-based") { it.position.endCol shouldBe 6 }
+                            }
                         }
-                        assertThat("imported module with error in it should not be present", program.modules.size, equalTo(1))
-                        assertThat(program.modules[0].name, equalTo(internedStringsModuleName))
+                        withClue("imported module with error in it should not be present") { program.modules.size shouldBe 1 }
+                        program.modules[0].name shouldBe internedStringsModuleName
                         importer.errors.report()
                     }
                 }
 
-                @Test
-                fun testImportingFileWithSyntaxError_once() {
+                test("testImportingFileWithSyntaxError_once") {
                     doTestImportingFileWithSyntaxError(1)
                 }
 
-                @Test
-                fun testImportingFileWithSyntaxError_twice() {
+                test("testImportingFileWithSyntaxError_twice") {
                     doTestImportingFileWithSyntaxError(2)
                 }
             }
         }
     }
-}
+})

compiler/test/ProjectConfig.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package prog8tests
+
+import io.kotest.core.config.AbstractProjectConfig
+import io.kotest.core.listeners.Listener
+import io.kotest.core.listeners.TestListener
+import io.kotest.core.spec.Spec
+import io.kotest.extensions.system.NoSystemErrListener
+import io.kotest.extensions.system.NoSystemOutListener
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
+import java.io.PrintStream
+import kotlin.math.max
+
+object ProjectConfig : AbstractProjectConfig() {
+    override val parallelism = 2 // max(2, Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() / 2)
+    // override fun listeners() = listOf(SystemOutToNullListener)
+}
+
+//object SystemOutToNullListener: TestListener {
+//    override suspend fun beforeSpec(spec: Spec) = setup()
+//
+//    private fun setup() {
+//        System.setOut(object: PrintStream(object: ByteArrayOutputStream(){
+//            override fun write(p0: Int) {
+//                // do nothing
+//            }
+//
+//            override fun write(b: ByteArray, off: Int, len: Int) {
+//                // do nothing
+//            }
+//
+//            override fun write(b: ByteArray) {
+//                // do nothing
+//            }
+//        }){}
+//        )
+//    }
+//}
+//
+//object SystemErrToNullListener: TestListener {
+//    override suspend fun beforeSpec(spec: Spec) = setup()
+//
+//    private fun setup() {
+//        System.setErr(object: PrintStream(object: ByteArrayOutputStream(){
+//            override fun write(p0: Int) {
+//                // do nothing
+//            }
+//
+//            override fun write(b: ByteArray, off: Int, len: Int) {
+//                // do nothing
+//            }
+//
+//            override fun write(b: ByteArray) {
+//                // do nothing
+//            }
+//        }){}
+//        )
+//    }
+//}

compiler/test/TestCallgraph.kt

@@ -1,21 +1,19 @@
 package prog8tests
 
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance
+import io.kotest.assertions.withClue
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.maps.shouldContainKey
+import io.kotest.matchers.maps.shouldNotContainKey
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
 import prog8.ast.statements.Block
 import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
 import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
-import prog8.optimizer.CallGraph
+import prog8.compilerinterface.CallGraph
 import prog8tests.helpers.assertSuccess
 import prog8tests.helpers.compileText
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
-import kotlin.test.assertFalse
-import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 
-@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
-class TestCallgraph {
-    @Test
-    fun testGraphForEmptySubs() {
+class TestCallgraph: FunSpec({
+    test("testGraphForEmptySubs") {
         val sourcecode = """
             %import string
             main {
@@ -26,34 +24,35 @@ class TestCallgraph {
             }
         """
         val result = compileText(C64Target, false, sourcecode).assertSuccess()
-        val graph = CallGraph(result.programAst)
+        val graph = CallGraph(result.program)
 
-        assertEquals(1, graph.imports.size)
-        assertEquals(1, graph.importedBy.size)
-        val toplevelModule = result.programAst.toplevelModule
+        graph.imports.size shouldBe 1
+        graph.importedBy.size shouldBe 1
+        val toplevelModule = result.program.toplevelModule
         val importedModule = graph.imports.getValue(toplevelModule).single()
-        assertEquals("string", importedModule.name)
+        importedModule.name shouldBe "string"
         val importedBy = graph.importedBy.getValue(importedModule).single()
-        assertTrue(importedBy.name.startsWith("on_the_fly_test"))
+        importedBy.name.startsWith("on_the_fly_test") shouldBe true
 
-        assertFalse(graph.unused(toplevelModule))
-        assertFalse(graph.unused(importedModule))
+        graph.unused(toplevelModule) shouldBe false
+        graph.unused(importedModule) shouldBe false
 
         val mainBlock = toplevelModule.statements.filterIsInstance<Block>().single()
         for(stmt in mainBlock.statements) {
             val sub = stmt as Subroutine
-            assertFalse(sub in graph.calls)
-            assertFalse(sub in graph.calledBy)
+            graph.calls shouldNotContainKey sub
+            graph.calledBy shouldNotContainKey sub
 
-            if(sub === result.programAst.entrypoint)
-                assertFalse(graph.unused(sub), "start() should always be marked as used to avoid having it removed")
+            if(sub === result.program.entrypoint)
+                withClue("start() should always be marked as used to avoid having it removed") {
+                    graph.unused(sub) shouldBe false
+                }
             else
-                assertTrue(graph.unused(sub))
+                graph.unused(sub) shouldBe true
         }
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testGraphForEmptyButReferencedSub() {
+    test("testGraphForEmptyButReferencedSub") {
         val sourcecode = """
             %import string
             main {
@@ -66,26 +65,34 @@ class TestCallgraph {
             }
         """
         val result = compileText(C64Target, false, sourcecode).assertSuccess()
-        val graph = CallGraph(result.programAst)
+        val graph = CallGraph(result.program)
 
-        assertEquals(1, graph.imports.size)
-        assertEquals(1, graph.importedBy.size)
-        val toplevelModule = result.programAst.toplevelModule
+        graph.imports.size shouldBe 1
+        graph.importedBy.size shouldBe 1
+        val toplevelModule = result.program.toplevelModule
         val importedModule = graph.imports.getValue(toplevelModule).single()
-        assertEquals("string", importedModule.name)
+        importedModule.name shouldBe "string"
         val importedBy = graph.importedBy.getValue(importedModule).single()
-        assertTrue(importedBy.name.startsWith("on_the_fly_test"))
+        importedBy.name.startsWith("on_the_fly_test") shouldBe true
 
-        assertFalse(graph.unused(toplevelModule))
-        assertFalse(graph.unused(importedModule))
+        graph.unused(toplevelModule) shouldBe false
+        graph.unused(importedModule) shouldBe false
 
         val mainBlock = toplevelModule.statements.filterIsInstance<Block>().single()
         val startSub = mainBlock.statements.filterIsInstance<Subroutine>().single{it.name=="start"}
         val emptySub = mainBlock.statements.filterIsInstance<Subroutine>().single{it.name=="empty"}
 
-        assertTrue(startSub in graph.calls, "start 'calls' (references) empty")
-        assertFalse(emptySub in graph.calls, "empty doesn't call anything")
-        assertTrue(emptySub in graph.calledBy, "empty gets 'called'")
-        assertFalse(startSub in graph.calledBy, "start doesn't get called (except as entrypoint ofc.)")
+        withClue("start 'calls' (references) empty") {
+            graph.calls shouldContainKey startSub
+        }
+        withClue("empty doesn't call anything") {
+            graph.calls shouldNotContainKey emptySub
+        }
+        withClue("empty gets 'called'") {
+            graph.calledBy shouldContainKey emptySub
+        }
+        withClue( "start doesn't get called (except as entrypoint ofc.)") {
+            graph.calledBy shouldNotContainKey startSub
+        }
     }
-}
+})

compiler/test/TestCompilerOnCharLit.kt

@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
 package prog8tests
 
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance
+import io.kotest.assertions.fail
+import io.kotest.assertions.withClue
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import io.kotest.matchers.types.instanceOf
 import prog8.ast.IFunctionCall
 import prog8.ast.base.DataType
 import prog8.ast.base.VarDeclType
 import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
 import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.statements.Assignment
 import prog8.compiler.target.Cx16Target
 import prog8tests.helpers.assertSuccess
 import prog8tests.helpers.compileText
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
-import kotlin.test.assertIs
 
 
 /**
@@ -19,11 +21,9 @@ import kotlin.test.assertIs
  * They are not really unit tests, but rather tests of the whole process,
  * from source file loading all the way through to running 64tass.
  */
-@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
-class TestCompilerOnCharLit {
+class TestCompilerOnCharLit: FunSpec({
 
-    @Test
-    fun testCharLitAsRomsubArg() {
+    test("testCharLitAsRomsubArg") {
         val platform = Cx16Target
         val result = compileText(platform, false, """
             main {
@@ -34,19 +34,19 @@ class TestCompilerOnCharLit {
             }
         """).assertSuccess()
 
-        val program = result.programAst
+        val program = result.program
         val startSub = program.entrypoint
         val funCall = startSub.statements.filterIsInstance<IFunctionCall>()[0]
 
-        assertIs<NumericLiteralValue>(funCall.args[0],
-            "char literal should have been replaced by ubyte literal")
+        withClue("char literal should have been replaced by ubyte literal") {
+            funCall.args[0] shouldBe instanceOf<NumericLiteralValue>()
+        }
         val arg = funCall.args[0] as NumericLiteralValue
-        assertEquals(DataType.UBYTE, arg.type)
-        assertEquals(platform.encodeString("\n", false)[0], arg.number.toShort())
+        arg.type shouldBe DataType.UBYTE
+        arg.number shouldBe platform.encodeString("\n", false)[0].toDouble()
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testCharVarAsRomsubArg() {
+    test("testCharVarAsRomsubArg") {
         val platform = Cx16Target
         val result = compileText(platform, false, """
             main {
@@ -58,30 +58,35 @@ class TestCompilerOnCharLit {
             }
         """).assertSuccess()
 
-        val program = result.programAst
+        val program = result.program
         val startSub = program.entrypoint
         val funCall = startSub.statements.filterIsInstance<IFunctionCall>()[0]
 
-        assertIs<IdentifierReference>(funCall.args[0])
+        funCall.args[0] shouldBe instanceOf<IdentifierReference>()
         val arg = funCall.args[0] as IdentifierReference
         val decl = arg.targetVarDecl(program)!!
-        assertEquals(VarDeclType.VAR, decl.type)
-        assertEquals(DataType.UBYTE, decl.datatype)
+        decl.type shouldBe VarDeclType.VAR
+        decl.datatype shouldBe DataType.UBYTE
 
         // TODO: assertIs<CharLiteral>(decl.value,
         //          "char literals should be kept until code gen")
         //       val initializerValue = decl.value as CharLiteral
         //       assertEquals('\n', (initializerValue as CharLiteral).value)
 
-        assertIs<NumericLiteralValue>(decl.value,
-            "char literal should have been replaced by ubyte literal")
-        val initializerValue = decl.value as NumericLiteralValue
-        assertEquals(DataType.UBYTE, initializerValue.type)
-        assertEquals(platform.encodeString("\n", false)[0], initializerValue.number.toShort())
+        withClue("initializer value should have been moved to separate assignment"){
+            decl.value shouldBe null
+        }
+        val assignInitialValue = decl.nextSibling() as Assignment
+        assignInitialValue.target.identifier!!.nameInSource shouldBe listOf("ch")
+        withClue("char literal should have been replaced by ubyte literal") {
+            assignInitialValue.value shouldBe instanceOf<NumericLiteralValue>()
+        }
+        val initializerValue = assignInitialValue.value as NumericLiteralValue
+        initializerValue.type shouldBe DataType.UBYTE
+        initializerValue.number shouldBe platform.encodeString("\n", false)[0].toDouble()
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testCharConstAsRomsubArg() {
+    test("testCharConstAsRomsubArg") {
         val platform = Cx16Target
         val result = compileText(platform, false, """
             main {
@@ -93,7 +98,7 @@ class TestCompilerOnCharLit {
             }
         """).assertSuccess()
 
-        val program = result.programAst
+        val program = result.program
         val startSub = program.entrypoint
         val funCall = startSub.statements.filterIsInstance<IFunctionCall>()[0]
 
@@ -101,20 +106,15 @@ class TestCompilerOnCharLit {
         when (val arg = funCall.args[0]) {
             is IdentifierReference -> {
                 val decl = arg.targetVarDecl(program)!!
-                assertEquals(VarDeclType.CONST, decl.type)
-                assertEquals(DataType.UBYTE, decl.datatype)
-                assertEquals(
-                    platform.encodeString("\n", false)[0],
-                    (decl.value as NumericLiteralValue).number.toShort())
+                decl.type shouldBe VarDeclType.CONST
+                decl.datatype shouldBe DataType.UBYTE
+                (decl.value as NumericLiteralValue).number shouldBe platform.encodeString("\n", false)[0]
             }
             is NumericLiteralValue -> {
-                assertEquals(
-                    platform.encodeString("\n", false)[0],
-                    arg.number.toShort())
+                arg.number shouldBe platform.encodeString("\n", false)[0].toDouble()
             }
-            else -> assertIs<IdentifierReference>(funCall.args[0]) // make test fail
+            else -> fail("invalid arg type") // funCall.args[0] shouldBe instanceOf<IdentifierReference>() // make test fail
         }
     }
 
-}
-
+})

compiler/test/TestCompilerOnExamples.kt

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 package prog8tests
 
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.DynamicTest
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.DynamicTest.dynamicTest
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestFactory
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import prog8.compiler.CompilationResult
+import prog8.compiler.CompilerArguments
 import prog8.compiler.compileProgram
 import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
 import prog8.compiler.target.Cx16Target
-import prog8.compiler.target.ICompilationTarget
-import prog8tests.helpers.*
+import prog8.compilerinterface.ICompilationTarget
+import prog8tests.ast.helpers.*
+import prog8tests.helpers.assertSuccess
+import java.nio.file.Path
 import kotlin.io.path.absolute
 import kotlin.io.path.exists
 
@@ -19,39 +19,99 @@ import kotlin.io.path.exists
  * They are not really unit tests, but rather tests of the whole process,
  * from source file loading all the way through to running 64tass.
  */
-// @Disabled("disable to save some time")
-@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
-class TestCompilerOnExamples {
-    private val examplesDir = assumeDirectory(workingDir, "../examples")
 
-    private fun makeDynamicCompilerTest(name: String, platform: ICompilationTarget, optimize: Boolean) : DynamicTest {
-        val searchIn = mutableListOf(examplesDir)
-        if (platform == Cx16Target) {
-            searchIn.add(0, assumeDirectory(examplesDir, "cx16"))
-        }
-        val filepath = searchIn
-            .map { it.resolve("$name.p8") }
-            .map { it.normalize().absolute() }
-            .map { workingDir.relativize(it) }
-            .first { it.exists() }
-        val displayName = "${examplesDir.relativize(filepath.absolute())}: ${platform.name}, optimize=$optimize"
-        return dynamicTest(displayName) {
-            compileProgram(
-                filepath,
-                optimize,
-                writeAssembly = true,
-                slowCodegenWarnings = false,
-                compilationTarget = platform.name,
-                sourceDirs = listOf(),
-                outputDir
-            ).assertSuccess("; $displayName")
+private val examplesDir = assumeDirectory(workingDir, "../examples")
+
+private fun compileTheThing(filepath: Path, optimize: Boolean, target: ICompilationTarget): CompilationResult {
+    val args = CompilerArguments(
+        filepath,
+        optimize,
+        optimizeFloatExpressions = true,
+        writeAssembly = true,
+        slowCodegenWarnings = false,
+        quietAssembler = true,
+        compilationTarget = target.name,
+        outputDir = outputDir
+    )
+    return compileProgram(args)
+}
+
+private fun prepareTestFiles(source: String, optimize: Boolean, target: ICompilationTarget): Pair<String, Path> {
+    val searchIn = mutableListOf(examplesDir)
+    if (target == Cx16Target) {
+        searchIn.add(0, assumeDirectory(examplesDir, "cx16"))
+    }
+    val filepath = searchIn
+        .map { it.resolve("$source.p8") }
+        .map { it.normalize().absolute() }
+        .map { workingDir.relativize(it) }
+        .first { it.exists() }
+    val displayName = "${examplesDir.relativize(filepath.absolute())}: ${target.name}, optimize=$optimize"
+    return Pair(displayName, filepath)
+}
+
+
+class TestCompilerOnExamplesC64: FunSpec({
+
+    val onlyC64 = cartesianProduct(
+        listOf(
+            "balloonflight",
+            "bdmusic",
+            "bdmusic-irq",
+            "charset",
+            "cube3d-sprites",
+            "plasma",
+            "sprites",
+            "turtle-gfx",
+            "wizzine",
+        ),
+        listOf(false, true)
+    )
+
+    onlyC64.forEach {
+        val (source, optimize) = it
+        val (displayName, filepath) = prepareTestFiles(source, optimize, C64Target)
+        test(displayName) {
+            compileTheThing(filepath, optimize, C64Target).assertSuccess()
         }
     }
+})
 
-    @TestFactory
-// @Disabled("disable to save some time")
-    fun bothCx16AndC64() = mapCombinations(
-        dim1 = listOf(
+class TestCompilerOnExamplesCx16: FunSpec({
+
+    val onlyCx16 = cartesianProduct(
+        listOf(
+            "vtui/testvtui",
+            "amiga",
+            "bobs",
+            "cobramk3-gfx",
+            "colorbars",
+            "datetime",
+            "highresbitmap",
+            "kefrenbars",
+            "mandelbrot-gfx-colors",
+            "multipalette",
+            "rasterbars",
+            "sincos",
+            "tehtriz",
+            "testgfx2",
+        ),
+        listOf(false, true)
+    )
+
+    onlyCx16.forEach {
+        val (source, optimize) = it
+        val (displayName, filepath) = prepareTestFiles(source, optimize, Cx16Target)
+        test(displayName) {
+            compileTheThing(filepath, optimize, Cx16Target).assertSuccess()
+        }
+    }
+})
+
+class TestCompilerOnExamplesBothC64andCx16: FunSpec({
+
+    val bothCx16AndC64 = cartesianProduct(
+        listOf(
             "animals",
             "balls",
             "cube3d",
@@ -74,48 +134,18 @@ class TestCompilerOnExamples {
             "tehtriz",
             "textelite",
         ),
-        dim2 = listOf(Cx16Target, C64Target),
-        dim3 = listOf(false, true),
-        combine3 = ::makeDynamicCompilerTest
+        listOf(false, true)
     )
 
-    @TestFactory
-// @Disabled("disable to save some time")
-    fun onlyC64() = mapCombinations(
-        dim1 = listOf(
-            "balloonflight",
-            "bdmusic",
-            "bdmusic-irq",
-            "charset",
-            "cube3d-sprites",
-            "plasma",
-            "sprites",
-            "turtle-gfx",
-            "wizzine",
-        ),
-        dim2 = listOf(C64Target),
-        dim3 = listOf(false, true),
-        combine3 = ::makeDynamicCompilerTest
-    )
-
-    @TestFactory
-// @Disabled("disable to save some time")
-    fun onlyCx16() = mapCombinations(
-        dim1 = listOf(
-            "vtui/testvtui",
-            "amiga",
-            "bobs",
-            "cobramk3-gfx",
-            "colorbars",
-            "datetime",
-            "highresbitmap",
-            "kefrenbars",
-            "mandelbrot-gfx-colors",
-            "multipalette",
-            "testgfx2",
-        ),
-        dim2 = listOf(Cx16Target),
-        dim3 = listOf(false, true),
-        combine3 = ::makeDynamicCompilerTest
-    )
-}
+    bothCx16AndC64.forEach {
+        val (source, optimize) = it
+        val (displayNameC64, filepathC64) = prepareTestFiles(source, optimize, C64Target)
+        val (displayNameCx16, filepathCx16) = prepareTestFiles(source, optimize, Cx16Target)
+        test(displayNameC64) {
+            compileTheThing(filepathC64, optimize, C64Target).assertSuccess()
+        }
+        test(displayNameCx16) {
+            compileTheThing(filepathCx16, optimize, Cx16Target).assertSuccess()
+        }
+    }
+})

compiler/test/TestCompilerOnImportsAndIncludes.kt

@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
 package prog8tests
 
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.*
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.DynamicTest.dynamicTest
+import io.kotest.assertions.withClue
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldNotBe
 import prog8.ast.expressions.AddressOf
 import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
 import prog8.ast.expressions.StringLiteralValue
 import prog8.ast.statements.FunctionCallStatement
 import prog8.ast.statements.Label
 import prog8.compiler.target.Cx16Target
-import prog8tests.helpers.*
+import prog8tests.ast.helpers.*
+import prog8tests.helpers.assertFailure
+import prog8tests.helpers.assertSuccess
+import prog8tests.helpers.compileFile
 import kotlin.io.path.name
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
-import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
 
 
 /**
@@ -19,14 +22,11 @@ import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
  * They are not really unit tests, but rather tests of the whole process,
  * from source file loading all the way through to running 64tass.
  */
-@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
-class TestCompilerOnImportsAndIncludes {
+class TestCompilerOnImportsAndIncludes: FunSpec({
 
-    @Nested
-    inner class Import {
+    context("Import") {
 
-        @Test
-        fun testImportFromSameFolder() {
+        test("testImportFromSameFolder") {
             val filepath = assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, "importFromSameFolder.p8")
             assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, "foo_bar.p8")
 
@@ -34,24 +34,22 @@ class TestCompilerOnImportsAndIncludes {
             val result = compileFile(platform, optimize = false, fixturesDir, filepath.name)
                 .assertSuccess()
 
-            val program = result.programAst
+            val program = result.program
             val startSub = program.entrypoint
             val strLits = startSub.statements
                 .filterIsInstance<FunctionCallStatement>()
                 .map { it.args[0] as IdentifierReference }
                 .map { it.targetVarDecl(program)!!.value as StringLiteralValue }
 
-            assertEquals("main.bar", strLits[0].value)
-            assertEquals("foo.bar", strLits[1].value)
-            assertEquals("main", strLits[0].definingScope.name)
-            assertEquals("foo", strLits[1].definingScope.name)
+            strLits[0].value shouldBe "main.bar"
+            strLits[1].value shouldBe "foo.bar"
+            strLits[0].definingScope.name shouldBe "main"
+            strLits[1].definingScope.name shouldBe "foo"
         }
     }
 
-    @Nested
-    inner class AsmInclude {
-        @Test
-        fun testAsmIncludeFromSameFolder() {
+    context("AsmInclude") {
+        test("testAsmIncludeFromSameFolder") {
             val filepath = assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, "asmIncludeFromSameFolder.p8")
             assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, "foo_bar.asm")
 
@@ -59,27 +57,25 @@ class TestCompilerOnImportsAndIncludes {
             val result = compileFile(platform, optimize = false, fixturesDir, filepath.name)
                 .assertSuccess()
 
-            val program = result.programAst
+            val program = result.program
             val startSub = program.entrypoint
             val args = startSub.statements
                 .filterIsInstance<FunctionCallStatement>()
                 .map { it.args[0] }
 
             val str0 = (args[0] as IdentifierReference).targetVarDecl(program)!!.value as StringLiteralValue
-            assertEquals("main.bar", str0.value)
-            assertEquals("main", str0.definingScope.name)
+            str0.value shouldBe "main.bar"
+            str0.definingScope.name shouldBe "main"
 
             val id1 = (args[1] as AddressOf).identifier
             val lbl1 = id1.targetStatement(program) as Label
-            assertEquals("foo_bar", lbl1.name)
-            assertEquals("start", lbl1.definingScope.name)
+            lbl1.name shouldBe "foo_bar"
+            lbl1.definingScope.name shouldBe "start"
         }
     }
 
-    @Nested
-    inner class Asmbinary {
-        @Test
-        fun testAsmbinaryDirectiveWithNonExistingFile() {
+    context("Asmbinary") {
+        test("testAsmbinaryDirectiveWithNonExistingFile") {
             val p8Path = assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, "asmBinaryNonExisting.p8")
             assumeNotExists(fixturesDir, "i_do_not_exist.bin")
 
@@ -87,8 +83,7 @@ class TestCompilerOnImportsAndIncludes {
                 .assertFailure()
         }
 
-        @Test
-        fun testAsmbinaryDirectiveWithNonReadableFile() {
+        test("testAsmbinaryDirectiveWithNonReadableFile") {
             val p8Path = assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, "asmBinaryNonReadable.p8")
             assumeDirectory(fixturesDir, "subFolder")
 
@@ -96,31 +91,30 @@ class TestCompilerOnImportsAndIncludes {
                 .assertFailure()
         }
 
-        @TestFactory
-        fun asmbinaryDirectiveWithExistingBinFile(): Iterable<DynamicTest> =
-            listOf(
+        val tests = listOf(
                 Triple("same ", "asmBinaryFromSameFolder.p8", "do_nothing1.bin"),
                 Triple("sub", "asmBinaryFromSubFolder.p8", "subFolder/do_nothing2.bin"),
-            ).map {
-                val (where, p8Str, binStr) = it
-                dynamicTest("%asmbinary from ${where}folder") {
-                    val p8Path = assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, p8Str)
-                    val binPath = assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, binStr)
-                    assertNotEquals( // the bug we're testing for (#54) was hidden if outputDir == workinDir
-                        workingDir.normalize().toAbsolutePath(),
-                        outputDir.normalize().toAbsolutePath(),
-                        "sanity check: workingDir and outputDir should not be the same folder"
-                    )
+            )
 
-                    compileFile(Cx16Target, false, p8Path.parent, p8Path.name, outputDir)
-                        .assertSuccess(
-                            "argument to assembler directive .binary " +
-                                    "should be relative to the generated .asm file (in output dir), " +
-                                    "NOT relative to .p8 neither current working dir"
-                        )
+        tests.forEach {
+            val (where, p8Str, binStr) = it
+            test("%asmbinary from ${where}folder") {
+                val p8Path = assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, p8Str)
+                // val binPath = assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, binStr)
+
+                // the bug we're testing for (#54) was hidden if outputDir == workingDir
+                withClue("sanity check: workingDir and outputDir should not be the same folder") {
+                    outputDir.normalize().toAbsolutePath() shouldNotBe workingDir.normalize().toAbsolutePath()
                 }
-            }
 
+                compileFile(Cx16Target, false, p8Path.parent, p8Path.name, outputDir)
+                    .assertSuccess(
+                        "argument to assembler directive .binary " +
+                                "should be relative to the generated .asm file (in output dir), " +
+                                "NOT relative to .p8 neither current working dir"
+                    )
+            }
+        }
     }
 
-}
+})

compiler/test/TestCompilerOnRanges.kt

@@ -1,23 +1,25 @@
 package prog8tests
 
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.DynamicTest.dynamicTest
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestFactory
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance
+import io.kotest.assertions.withClue
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import io.kotest.matchers.string.shouldContain
+import io.kotest.matchers.types.instanceOf
 import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.base.Position
 import prog8.ast.expressions.*
 import prog8.ast.statements.ForLoop
-import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
 import prog8.ast.statements.VarDecl
-import prog8.compiler.astprocessing.size
-import prog8.compiler.astprocessing.toConstantIntegerRange
+import prog8.compiler.printProgram
 import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
 import prog8.compiler.target.Cx16Target
+import prog8.compilerinterface.size
+import prog8.compilerinterface.toConstantIntegerRange
+import prog8tests.ast.helpers.cartesianProduct
+import prog8tests.helpers.ErrorReporterForTests
 import prog8tests.helpers.assertFailure
 import prog8tests.helpers.assertSuccess
 import prog8tests.helpers.compileText
-import prog8tests.helpers.mapCombinations
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 
 
 /**
@@ -25,13 +27,11 @@ import kotlin.test.assertEquals
  * They are not really unit tests, but rather tests of the whole process,
  * from source file loading all the way through to running 64tass.
  */
-@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
-class TestCompilerOnRanges {
+class TestCompilerOnRanges: FunSpec({
 
-    @Test
-    fun testUByteArrayInitializerWithRange_char_to_char() {
+    test("testUByteArrayInitializerWithRange_char_to_char") {
         val platform = Cx16Target
-        val result = compileText(platform, true, """
+        val result = compileText(platform, false, """
             main {
                 sub start() {
                     ubyte[] cs = @'a' to 'z' ; values are computed at compile time 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class TestCompilerOnRanges {
             }
         """).assertSuccess()
 
-        val program = result.programAst
+        val program = result.program
         val startSub = program.entrypoint
         val decl = startSub
             .statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>()[0]
@@ -52,12 +52,15 @@ class TestCompilerOnRanges {
         val expectedStr = "$expectedStart .. $expectedEnd"
 
         val actualStr = "${rhsValues.first()} .. ${rhsValues.last()}"
-        assertEquals(expectedStr, actualStr,".first .. .last")
-        assertEquals(expectedEnd - expectedStart + 1, rhsValues.last() - rhsValues.first() + 1, "rangeExpr.size()")
+        withClue(".first .. .last") {
+            actualStr shouldBe expectedStr
+        }
+        withClue("rangeExpr.size()") {
+            (rhsValues.last() - rhsValues.first() + 1) shouldBe (expectedEnd - expectedStart + 1)
+        }
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testFloatArrayInitializerWithRange_char_to_char() {
+    test("testFloatArrayInitializerWithRange_char_to_char") {
         val platform = C64Target
         val result = compileText(platform, optimize = false, """
             %option enable_floats
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ class TestCompilerOnRanges {
             }
         """).assertSuccess()
 
-        val program = result.programAst
+        val program = result.program
         val startSub = program.entrypoint
         val decl = startSub
             .statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>()[0]
@@ -81,50 +84,39 @@ class TestCompilerOnRanges {
         val expectedStr = "$expectedStart .. $expectedEnd"
 
         val actualStr = "${rhsValues.first()} .. ${rhsValues.last()}"
-        assertEquals(expectedStr, actualStr,".first .. .last")
-        assertEquals(expectedEnd - expectedStart + 1, rhsValues.size, "rangeExpr.size()")
+        withClue(".first .. .last") {
+            actualStr shouldBe expectedStr
+        }
+        withClue("rangeExpr.size()") {
+            rhsValues.size shouldBe (expectedEnd - expectedStart + 1)
+        }
     }
 
-    fun Subroutine.decl(varName: String): VarDecl {
-        return statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>()
-            .first { it.name == varName }
-    }
-    inline fun <reified T : Expression> VarDecl.rhs() : T {
-        return value as T
-    }
-    inline fun <reified T : Expression> ArrayLiteralValue.elements() : List<T> {
-        return value.map { it as T }
-    }
+    context("floatArrayInitializerWithRange") {
+        val combos = cartesianProduct(
+            listOf("", "42", "41"),                 // sizeInDecl
+            listOf("%option enable_floats", ""),    // optEnableFloats
+            listOf(Cx16Target, C64Target),          // platform
+            listOf(false, true)                    // optimize
+        )
 
-    fun <N : Number> assertEndpoints(expFirst: N, expLast: N, actual: Iterable<N>, msg: String = ".first .. .last") {
-        val expectedStr = "$expFirst .. $expLast"
-        val actualStr = "${actual.first()} .. ${actual.last()}"
-        assertEquals(expectedStr, actualStr,".first .. .last")
-    }
-
-
-    @TestFactory
-    fun floatArrayInitializerWithRange() = mapCombinations(
-        dim1 = listOf("", "42", "41"),                 // sizeInDecl
-        dim2 = listOf("%option enable_floats", ""),    // optEnableFloats
-        dim3 = listOf(Cx16Target, C64Target),          // platform
-        dim4 = listOf(false, true),                    // optimize
-        combine4 = { sizeInDecl, optEnableFloats, platform, optimize ->
+        combos.forEach {
+            val (sizeInDecl, optEnableFloats, platform, optimize) = it
             val displayName =
-                "test failed for: " +
                 when (sizeInDecl) {
                     "" -> "no"
                     "42" -> "correct"
                     else -> "wrong"
                 } + " array size given" +
-                ", " + (if (optEnableFloats == "") "without" else "with") + " %option enable_floats" +
-                ", ${platform.name}, optimize: $optimize"
-            dynamicTest(displayName) {
+                        ", " + (if (optEnableFloats == "") "without" else "with") + " %option enable_floats" +
+                        ", ${platform.name}, optimize: $optimize"
+
+            test(displayName) {
                 val result = compileText(platform, optimize, """
                     $optEnableFloats
                     main {
                         sub start() {
-                            float[$sizeInDecl] cs = 1 to 42 ; values are computed at compile time 
+                            float[$sizeInDecl] cs = 1 to 42 ; values are computed at compile time
                             cs[0] = 23 ; keep optimizer from removing it
                         }
                     }
@@ -133,12 +125,12 @@ class TestCompilerOnRanges {
                     result.assertSuccess()
                 else
                     result.assertFailure()
+
             }
         }
-    )
+    }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testForLoopWithRange_char_to_char() {
+    test("testForLoopWithRange_char_to_char") {
         val platform = Cx16Target
         val result = compileText(platform, optimize = true, """
             main {
@@ -151,7 +143,7 @@ class TestCompilerOnRanges {
             }
         """).assertSuccess()
 
-        val program = result.programAst
+        val program = result.program
         val startSub = program.entrypoint
         val iterable = startSub
             .statements.filterIsInstance<ForLoop>()
@@ -162,14 +154,17 @@ class TestCompilerOnRanges {
         val expectedEnd = platform.encodeString("f", false)[0].toInt()
         val expectedStr = "$expectedStart .. $expectedEnd"
 
-        val intProgression = rangeExpr.toConstantIntegerRange(platform)
+        val intProgression = rangeExpr.toConstantIntegerRange()
         val actualStr = "${intProgression?.first} .. ${intProgression?.last}"
-        assertEquals(expectedStr, actualStr,".first .. .last")
-        assertEquals(expectedEnd - expectedStart + 1, rangeExpr.size(platform), "rangeExpr.size()")
+        withClue(".first .. .last") {
+            actualStr shouldBe expectedStr
+        }
+        withClue("rangeExpr.size()") {
+            rangeExpr.size() shouldBe (expectedEnd - expectedStart + 1)
+        }
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testForLoopWithRange_bool_to_bool() {
+    test("testForLoopWithRange_bool_to_bool") {
         val platform = Cx16Target
         val result = compileText(platform, optimize = true, """
             main {
@@ -182,21 +177,20 @@ class TestCompilerOnRanges {
             }
         """).assertSuccess()
 
-        val program = result.programAst
+        val program = result.program
         val startSub = program.entrypoint
         val rangeExpr = startSub
             .statements.filterIsInstance<ForLoop>()
             .map { it.iterable }
             .filterIsInstance<RangeExpr>()[0]
 
-        assertEquals(2, rangeExpr.size(platform))
-        val intProgression = rangeExpr.toConstantIntegerRange(platform)
-        assertEquals(0, intProgression?.first)
-        assertEquals(1, intProgression?.last)
+        rangeExpr.size() shouldBe 2
+        val intProgression = rangeExpr.toConstantIntegerRange()
+        intProgression?.first shouldBe 0
+        intProgression?.last shouldBe 1
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testForLoopWithRange_ubyte_to_ubyte() {
+    test("testForLoopWithRange_ubyte_to_ubyte") {
         val platform = Cx16Target
         val result = compileText(platform, optimize = true, """
             main {
@@ -209,21 +203,21 @@ class TestCompilerOnRanges {
             }
         """).assertSuccess()
 
-        val program = result.programAst
+        val program = result.program
         val startSub = program.entrypoint
         val rangeExpr = startSub
             .statements.filterIsInstance<ForLoop>()
             .map { it.iterable }
             .filterIsInstance<RangeExpr>()[0]
 
-        assertEquals(9, rangeExpr.size(platform))
-        val intProgression = rangeExpr.toConstantIntegerRange(platform)
-        assertEquals(1, intProgression?.first)
-        assertEquals(9, intProgression?.last)
+        rangeExpr.size() shouldBe 9
+        val intProgression = rangeExpr.toConstantIntegerRange()
+        intProgression?.first shouldBe 1
+        intProgression?.last shouldBe 9
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testForLoopWithRange_str_downto_str() {
+    test("testForLoopWithRange_str_downto_str") {
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
         compileText(Cx16Target, true, """
             main {
                 sub start() {
@@ -233,12 +227,13 @@ class TestCompilerOnRanges {
                     }
                 }
             }
-        """).assertFailure()
-        //TODO("test exact compile error(s)")
+        """, errors, false).assertFailure()
+        errors.errors.size shouldBe 2
+        errors.errors[0] shouldContain ".p8:5:29: range expression from value must be integer"
+        errors.errors[1] shouldContain ".p8:5:44: range expression to value must be integer"
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testForLoopWithIterable_str() {
+    test("testForLoopWithIterable_str") {
         val result = compileText(Cx16Target, false, """
             main {
                 sub start() {
@@ -250,15 +245,61 @@ class TestCompilerOnRanges {
             }
         """).assertSuccess()
 
-        val program = result.programAst
+        val program = result.program
         val startSub = program.entrypoint
         val iterable = startSub
             .statements.filterIsInstance<ForLoop>()
             .map { it.iterable }
             .filterIsInstance<IdentifierReference>()[0]
 
-        assertEquals(DataType.STR, iterable.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED))
+        iterable.inferType(program).getOr(DataType.UNDEFINED) shouldBe DataType.STR
     }
 
-}
+    test("testRangeExprNumericSize") {
+        val expr = RangeExpr(
+            NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(10, Position.DUMMY),
+            NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(20, Position.DUMMY),
+            NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(2, Position.DUMMY),
+            Position.DUMMY)
+        expr.size() shouldBe 6
+        expr.toConstantIntegerRange()
+    }
 
+    test("range with negative step should be constvalue") {
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, false, """
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                    ubyte[] array = 100 to 50 step -2
+                    ubyte xx
+                    for xx in 100 to 50 step -2 {
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """).assertSuccess()
+        val statements = result.program.entrypoint.statements
+        val array = (statements[0] as VarDecl).value
+        array shouldBe instanceOf<ArrayLiteralValue>()
+        (array as ArrayLiteralValue).value.size shouldBe 26
+        val forloop = (statements.dropLast(1).last() as ForLoop)
+        forloop.iterable shouldBe instanceOf<RangeExpr>()
+        (forloop.iterable as RangeExpr).step shouldBe NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, -2.0, Position.DUMMY)
+    }
+
+    test("range with start/end variables should be ok") {
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, false, """
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                    byte from = 100
+                    byte end = 50
+                    byte xx
+                    for xx in from to end step -2 {
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """).assertSuccess()
+        val statements = result.program.entrypoint.statements
+        val forloop = (statements.dropLast(1).last() as ForLoop)
+        forloop.iterable shouldBe instanceOf<RangeExpr>()
+        (forloop.iterable as RangeExpr).step shouldBe NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, -2.0, Position.DUMMY)
+    }
+})

compiler/test/TestCompilerOptionLibdirs.kt

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 package prog8tests
 
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import prog8.compiler.CompilationResult
+import prog8.compiler.CompilerArguments
 import prog8.compiler.compileProgram
 import prog8.compiler.target.Cx16Target
-import prog8tests.helpers.*
+import prog8tests.ast.helpers.assumeReadableFile
+import prog8tests.ast.helpers.fixturesDir
+import prog8tests.ast.helpers.outputDir
+import prog8tests.ast.helpers.workingDir
+import prog8tests.helpers.assertSuccess
 import java.nio.file.Path
 import kotlin.io.path.absolute
 import kotlin.io.path.createTempFile
@@ -18,13 +21,11 @@ import kotlin.io.path.writeText
  * They are not really unit tests, but rather tests of the whole process,
  * from source file loading all the way through to running 64tass.
  */
-@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
-class TestCompilerOptionSourcedirs {
+class TestCompilerOptionSourcedirs: FunSpec({
 
-    private lateinit var tempFileInWorkingDir: Path
+    lateinit var tempFileInWorkingDir: Path
 
-    @BeforeAll
-    fun setUp() {
+    beforeSpec {
         tempFileInWorkingDir = createTempFile(directory = workingDir, prefix = "tmp_", suffix = ".p8")
             .also { it.writeText("""
                 main {
@@ -34,63 +35,60 @@ class TestCompilerOptionSourcedirs {
             """)}
     }
 
-    @AfterAll
-    fun tearDown() {
+    afterSpec {
         tempFileInWorkingDir.deleteExisting()
     }
 
-    private fun compileFile(filePath: Path, sourceDirs: List<String>) =
-        compileProgram(
+    fun compileFile(filePath: Path, sourceDirs: List<String>): CompilationResult {
+        val args = CompilerArguments(
             filepath = filePath,
             optimize = false,
+            optimizeFloatExpressions = false,
             writeAssembly = true,
             slowCodegenWarnings = false,
+            quietAssembler = true,
             compilationTarget = Cx16Target.name,
             sourceDirs,
             outputDir
         )
+        return compileProgram(args)
+    }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testAbsoluteFilePathInWorkingDir() {
+    test("testAbsoluteFilePathInWorkingDir") {
         val filepath = assumeReadableFile(tempFileInWorkingDir.absolute())
         compileFile(filepath, listOf())
             .assertSuccess()
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testFilePathInWorkingDirRelativeToWorkingDir() {
+    test("testFilePathInWorkingDirRelativeToWorkingDir") {
         val filepath = assumeReadableFile(workingDir.relativize(tempFileInWorkingDir.absolute()))
         compileFile(filepath, listOf())
             .assertSuccess()
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testFilePathInWorkingDirRelativeTo1stInSourcedirs() {
+    test("testFilePathInWorkingDirRelativeTo1stInSourcedirs") {
         val filepath = assumeReadableFile(tempFileInWorkingDir)
         compileFile(filepath.fileName, listOf(workingDir.toString()))
             .assertSuccess()
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testAbsoluteFilePathOutsideWorkingDir() {
+    test("testAbsoluteFilePathOutsideWorkingDir") {
         val filepath = assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, "simple_main.p8")
         compileFile(filepath.absolute(), listOf())
             .assertSuccess()
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testFilePathOutsideWorkingDirRelativeToWorkingDir() {
+    test("testFilePathOutsideWorkingDirRelativeToWorkingDir") {
         val filepath = workingDir.relativize(assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, "simple_main.p8").absolute())
         compileFile(filepath, listOf())
             .assertSuccess()
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testFilePathOutsideWorkingDirRelativeTo1stInSourcedirs() {
+    test("testFilePathOutsideWorkingDirRelativeTo1stInSourcedirs") {
         val filepath = assumeReadableFile(fixturesDir, "simple_main.p8")
         val sourcedirs = listOf("$fixturesDir")
         compileFile(filepath.fileName, sourcedirs)
             .assertSuccess()
     }
 
-}
+})

compiler/test/TestImportedModulesOrderAndOptions.kt

@@ -1,25 +1,23 @@
 package prog8tests
 
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance
+import io.kotest.assertions.withClue
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import io.kotest.matchers.string.shouldStartWith
 import prog8.ast.internedStringsModuleName
-import prog8.compiler.ErrorReporter
-import prog8.compiler.ZeropageType
 import prog8.compiler.determineCompilationOptions
 import prog8.compiler.parseImports
 import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
+import prog8.compilerinterface.ZeropageType
+import prog8tests.ast.helpers.outputDir
+import prog8tests.helpers.ErrorReporterForTests
 import prog8tests.helpers.assertSuccess
 import prog8tests.helpers.compileText
-import prog8tests.helpers.outputDir
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
-import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 
 
-@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
-class TestImportedModulesOrderAndOptions {
+class TestImportedModulesOrderAndOptions: FunSpec({
 
-    @Test
-    fun testImportedModuleOrderAndMainModuleCorrect() {
+    test("testImportedModuleOrderAndMainModuleCorrect") {
         val result = compileText(C64Target, false, """
 %import textio
 %import floats
@@ -30,25 +28,27 @@ main {
     }
 }
 """).assertSuccess()
-        assertTrue(result.programAst.toplevelModule.name.startsWith("on_the_fly_test"))
+        result.program.toplevelModule.name shouldStartWith "on_the_fly_test"
 
-        val moduleNames = result.programAst.modules.map { it.name }
-        assertTrue(moduleNames[0].startsWith("on_the_fly_test"), "main module must be first")
-        assertEquals(listOf(
-            "prog8_interned_strings",
-            "textio",
-            "syslib",
-            "conv",
-            "floats",
-            "math",
-            "prog8_lib"
-        ), moduleNames.drop(1), "module order in parse tree")
-
-        assertTrue(result.programAst.toplevelModule.name.startsWith("on_the_fly_test"))
+        val moduleNames = result.program.modules.map { it.name }
+        withClue("main module must be first") {
+            moduleNames[0] shouldStartWith "on_the_fly_test"
+        }
+        withClue("module order in parse tree") {
+            moduleNames.drop(1) shouldBe listOf(
+                "prog8_interned_strings",
+                "textio",
+                "syslib",
+                "conv",
+                "floats",
+                "math",
+                "prog8_lib"
+            )
+        }
+        result.program.toplevelModule.name shouldStartWith "on_the_fly_test"
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testCompilationOptionsCorrectFromMain() {
+    test("testCompilationOptionsCorrectFromMain") {
         val result = compileText(C64Target, false, """
 %import textio
 %import floats
@@ -61,16 +61,15 @@ main {
     }
 }
 """).assertSuccess()
-        assertTrue(result.programAst.toplevelModule.name.startsWith("on_the_fly_test"))
-        val options = determineCompilationOptions(result.programAst, C64Target)
-        assertTrue(options.floats)
-        assertEquals(ZeropageType.DONTUSE, options.zeropage)
-        assertTrue(options.noSysInit)
+        result.program.toplevelModule.name shouldStartWith "on_the_fly_test"
+        val options = determineCompilationOptions(result.program, C64Target)
+        options.floats shouldBe true
+        options.zeropage shouldBe ZeropageType.DONTUSE
+        options.noSysInit shouldBe true
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testModuleOrderAndCompilationOptionsCorrectWithJustImports() {
-        val errors = ErrorReporter()
+    test("testModuleOrderAndCompilationOptionsCorrectWithJustImports") {
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
         val sourceText = """
 %import textio
 %import floats
@@ -88,17 +87,23 @@ main {
         filepath.toFile().writeText(sourceText)
         val (program, options, importedfiles) = parseImports(filepath, errors, C64Target, emptyList())
 
-        assertEquals(filenameBase, program.toplevelModule.name)
-        assertEquals(1, importedfiles.size, "all imports other than the test source must have been internal resources library files")
-        assertEquals(listOf(
-            internedStringsModuleName,
-            filenameBase,
-            "textio", "syslib", "conv", "floats", "math", "prog8_lib"
-        ), program.modules.map {it.name}, "module order in parse tree")
-        assertTrue(options.floats)
-        assertEquals(ZeropageType.DONTUSE, options.zeropage, "zeropage option must be correctly taken from main module, not from float module import logic")
-        assertTrue(options.noSysInit)
+        program.toplevelModule.name shouldBe filenameBase
+        withClue("all imports other than the test source must have been internal resources library files") {
+            importedfiles.size shouldBe 1
+        }
+        withClue("module order in parse tree") {
+            program.modules.map { it.name } shouldBe
+                listOf(
+                    internedStringsModuleName,
+                    filenameBase,
+                    "textio", "syslib", "conv", "floats", "math", "prog8_lib"
+                )
+        }
+        options.floats shouldBe true
+        options.noSysInit shouldBe true
+        withClue("zeropage option must be correctly taken from main module, not from float module import logic") {
+            options.zeropage shouldBe ZeropageType.DONTUSE
+        }
     }
 
-
-}
+})

compiler/test/TestMemory.kt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package prog8tests
 
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
 import prog8.ast.Module
 import prog8.ast.Program
 import prog8.ast.base.DataType
@@ -12,178 +12,212 @@ import prog8.ast.expressions.IdentifierReference
 import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
 import prog8.ast.expressions.PrefixExpression
 import prog8.ast.statements.*
-import prog8.compiler.astprocessing.isInRegularRAMof
+import prog8.compiler.printProgram
 import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
+import prog8.compilerinterface.isIOAddress
 import prog8.parser.SourceCode
 import prog8tests.helpers.DummyFunctions
 import prog8tests.helpers.DummyMemsizer
-import kotlin.test.assertFalse
-import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import prog8tests.helpers.DummyStringEncoder
 
 
-@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
-class TestMemory {
+class TestMemory: FunSpec({
 
-    @Test
-    fun testInValidRamC64_memory_addresses() {
+    fun wrapWithProgram(statements: List<Statement>): Program {
+        val program = Program("test", DummyFunctions, DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        val subroutine = Subroutine("test", mutableListOf(), emptyList(), statements.toMutableList(), false, Position.DUMMY)
+        val module = Module(mutableListOf(subroutine), Position.DUMMY, SourceCode.Generated("test"))
+        program.addModule(module)
+        return program
+    }
 
-        var memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0x0000, Position.DUMMY)
+    test("assignment target not in mapped IO space C64") {
+
+        var memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0x0002, Position.DUMMY)
         var target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
+        var assign = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        wrapWithProgram(listOf(assign))
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe false
 
         memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0x1000, Position.DUMMY)
         target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
+        assign = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        wrapWithProgram(listOf(assign))
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe false
 
         memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0x9fff, Position.DUMMY)
         target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
+        assign = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        wrapWithProgram(listOf(assign))
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe false
+
+        memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0xa000, Position.DUMMY)
+        target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        assign = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        wrapWithProgram(listOf(assign))
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe false
 
         memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0xc000, Position.DUMMY)
         target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
+        assign = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        wrapWithProgram(listOf(assign))
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe false
 
         memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0xcfff, Position.DUMMY)
         target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
-    }
+        assign = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        wrapWithProgram(listOf(assign))
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe false
 
-    @Test
-    fun testNotInValidRamC64_memory_addresses() {
-
-        var memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0xa000, Position.DUMMY)
-        var target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        assertFalse(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
-
-        memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0xafff, Position.DUMMY)
+        memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0xeeee, Position.DUMMY)
         target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        assertFalse(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
-
-        memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0xd000, Position.DUMMY)
-        target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        assertFalse(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
+        assign = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        wrapWithProgram(listOf(assign))
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe false
 
         memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0xffff, Position.DUMMY)
         target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        assertFalse(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
+        assign = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        wrapWithProgram(listOf(assign))
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe false
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testInValidRamC64_memory_identifiers() {
-        val program = Program("test", DummyFunctions, DummyMemsizer)
-        var target = createTestProgramForMemoryRefViaVar(program, 0x1000, VarDeclType.VAR)
+    test("assign target in mapped IO space C64") {
 
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
-        target = createTestProgramForMemoryRefViaVar(program, 0xd020, VarDeclType.VAR)
-        assertFalse(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
-        target = createTestProgramForMemoryRefViaVar(program, 0x1000, VarDeclType.CONST)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
-        target = createTestProgramForMemoryRefViaVar(program, 0xd020, VarDeclType.CONST)
-        assertFalse(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
-        target = createTestProgramForMemoryRefViaVar(program, 0x1000, VarDeclType.MEMORY)
-        assertFalse(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
+        var memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0x0000, Position.DUMMY)
+        var target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        var assign = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        wrapWithProgram(listOf(assign))
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe true
+
+        memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0x0001, Position.DUMMY)
+        target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        assign = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        wrapWithProgram(listOf(assign))
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe true
+
+        memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0xd000, Position.DUMMY)
+        target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        assign = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        wrapWithProgram(listOf(assign))
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe true
+
+        memexpr = NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0xdfff, Position.DUMMY)
+        target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        assign = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        wrapWithProgram(listOf(assign))
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe true
     }
 
-    private fun createTestProgramForMemoryRefViaVar(program: Program, address: Int, vartype: VarDeclType): AssignTarget {
-        val decl = VarDecl(vartype, DataType.BYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "address", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(address, Position.DUMMY), false, false, false, Position.DUMMY)
+    fun createTestProgramForMemoryRefViaVar(address: UInt, vartype: VarDeclType): AssignTarget {
+        val decl = VarDecl(vartype, DataType.BYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "address", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(address, Position.DUMMY), false, false, false, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val memexpr = IdentifierReference(listOf("address"), Position.DUMMY)
         val target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
         val assignment = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        val subroutine = Subroutine("test", emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, mutableListOf(decl, assignment), Position.DUMMY)
-        val module = Module(mutableListOf(subroutine), Position.DUMMY, SourceCode.Generated("test"))
-        module.linkIntoProgram(program)
+        wrapWithProgram(listOf(decl, assignment))
         return target
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testInValidRamC64_memory_expression() {
-        val memexpr = PrefixExpression("+", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0x1000, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        val target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        assertFalse(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
+    test("identifier mapped to IO memory on C64") {
+        var target = createTestProgramForMemoryRefViaVar(0x1000u, VarDeclType.VAR)
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe false
+        target = createTestProgramForMemoryRefViaVar(0xd020u, VarDeclType.VAR)
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe false
+        target = createTestProgramForMemoryRefViaVar(0x1000u, VarDeclType.CONST)
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe false
+        target = createTestProgramForMemoryRefViaVar(0xd020u, VarDeclType.CONST)
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe true
+        target = createTestProgramForMemoryRefViaVar(0x1000u, VarDeclType.MEMORY)
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe false
+        target = createTestProgramForMemoryRefViaVar(0xd020u, VarDeclType.MEMORY)
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe true
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testInValidRamC64_variable() {
-        val decl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, DataType.BYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "address", null, false, false, false, Position.DUMMY)
+    test("memory expression mapped to IO memory on C64") {
+        var memexpr = PrefixExpression("+", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0x1000, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        var target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        var assign = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        wrapWithProgram(listOf(assign))
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe false
+
+        memexpr = PrefixExpression("+", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0xd020, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        target = AssignTarget(null, null, DirectMemoryWrite(memexpr, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        assign = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
+        wrapWithProgram(listOf(assign))
+        printProgram(target.definingModule.program)
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe true
+    }
+
+    test("regular variable not in mapped IO ram on C64") {
+        val decl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, DataType.BYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "address", null, false, false, false, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf("address"), Position.DUMMY), null, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val assignment = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        val subroutine = Subroutine("test", emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, mutableListOf(decl, assignment), Position.DUMMY)
+        val subroutine = Subroutine("test", mutableListOf(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, mutableListOf(decl, assignment), Position.DUMMY)
         val module = Module(mutableListOf(subroutine), Position.DUMMY, SourceCode.Generated("test"))
-        val program = Program("test", DummyFunctions, DummyMemsizer)
+        Program("test", DummyFunctions, DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
             .addModule(module)
-        module.linkIntoProgram(program)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe false
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testInValidRamC64_memmap_variable() {
-        val address = 0x1000
-        val decl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.MEMORY, DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "address", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(address, Position.DUMMY), false, false, false, Position.DUMMY)
+    test("memory mapped variable not in mapped IO ram on C64") {
+        val address = 0x1000u
+        val decl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.MEMORY, DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "address", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(address, Position.DUMMY), false, false, false, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf("address"), Position.DUMMY), null, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val assignment = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        val subroutine = Subroutine("test", emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, mutableListOf(decl, assignment), Position.DUMMY)
+        val subroutine = Subroutine("test", mutableListOf(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, mutableListOf(decl, assignment), Position.DUMMY)
         val module = Module(mutableListOf(subroutine), Position.DUMMY, SourceCode.Generated("test"))
-        val program = Program("test", DummyFunctions, DummyMemsizer)
+        Program("test", DummyFunctions, DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
             .addModule(module)
-        module.linkIntoProgram(program)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe false
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testNotInValidRamC64_memmap_variable() {
-        val address = 0xd020
-        val decl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.MEMORY, DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "address", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(address, Position.DUMMY), false, false, false, Position.DUMMY)
+    test("memory mapped variable in mapped IO ram on C64") {
+        val address = 0xd020u
+        val decl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.MEMORY, DataType.UBYTE, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "address", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(address, Position.DUMMY), false, false, false, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val target = AssignTarget(IdentifierReference(listOf("address"), Position.DUMMY), null, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val assignment = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        val subroutine = Subroutine("test", emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, mutableListOf(decl, assignment), Position.DUMMY)
+        val subroutine = Subroutine("test", mutableListOf(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, mutableListOf(decl, assignment), Position.DUMMY)
         val module = Module(mutableListOf(subroutine), Position.DUMMY, SourceCode.Generated("test"))
-        val program = Program("test", DummyFunctions, DummyMemsizer)
+        Program("test", DummyFunctions, DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
             .addModule(module)
-        module.linkIntoProgram(program)
-        assertFalse(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe true
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testInValidRamC64_array() {
-        val decl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "address", null, false, false, false, Position.DUMMY)
+    test("array not in mapped IO ram") {
+        val decl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.VAR, DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "address", null, false, false, false, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val arrayindexed = ArrayIndexedExpression(IdentifierReference(listOf("address"), Position.DUMMY), ArrayIndex(NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(1, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
         val target = AssignTarget(null, arrayindexed, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val assignment = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        val subroutine = Subroutine("test", emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, mutableListOf(decl, assignment), Position.DUMMY)
+        val subroutine = Subroutine("test", mutableListOf(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, mutableListOf(decl, assignment), Position.DUMMY)
         val module = Module(mutableListOf(subroutine), Position.DUMMY, SourceCode.Generated("test"))
-        val program = Program("test", DummyFunctions, DummyMemsizer)
+        Program("test", DummyFunctions, DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
             .addModule(module)
-        module.linkIntoProgram(program)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe false
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testInValidRamC64_array_memmapped() {
-        val address = 0x1000
-        val decl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.MEMORY, DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "address", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(address, Position.DUMMY), false, false, false, Position.DUMMY)
+    test("memory mapped array not in mapped IO ram") {
+        val address = 0x1000u
+        val decl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.MEMORY, DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "address", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(address, Position.DUMMY), false, false, false, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val arrayindexed = ArrayIndexedExpression(IdentifierReference(listOf("address"), Position.DUMMY), ArrayIndex(NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(1, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
         val target = AssignTarget(null, arrayindexed, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val assignment = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        val subroutine = Subroutine("test", emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, mutableListOf(decl, assignment), Position.DUMMY)
+        val subroutine = Subroutine("test", mutableListOf(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, mutableListOf(decl, assignment), Position.DUMMY)
         val module = Module(mutableListOf(subroutine), Position.DUMMY, SourceCode.Generated("test"))
-        val program = Program("test", DummyFunctions, DummyMemsizer)
+        Program("test", DummyFunctions, DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
             .addModule(module)
-        module.linkIntoProgram(program)
-        assertTrue(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe false
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testNotValidRamC64_array_memmapped() {
-        val address = 0xe000
-        val decl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.MEMORY, DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "address", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(address, Position.DUMMY), false, false, false, Position.DUMMY)
+    test("memory mapped array in mapped IO ram") {
+        val address = 0xd800u
+        val decl = VarDecl(VarDeclType.MEMORY, DataType.ARRAY_UB, ZeropageWish.DONTCARE, null, "address", NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(address, Position.DUMMY), false, false, false, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val arrayindexed = ArrayIndexedExpression(IdentifierReference(listOf("address"), Position.DUMMY), ArrayIndex(NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(1, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
         val target = AssignTarget(null, arrayindexed, null, Position.DUMMY)
         val assignment = Assignment(target, NumericLiteralValue.optimalInteger(0, Position.DUMMY), Position.DUMMY)
-        val subroutine = Subroutine("test", emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, mutableListOf(decl, assignment), Position.DUMMY)
+        val subroutine = Subroutine("test", mutableListOf(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptyList(), emptySet(), null, false, false, mutableListOf(decl, assignment), Position.DUMMY)
         val module = Module(mutableListOf(subroutine), Position.DUMMY, SourceCode.Generated("test"))
-        val program = Program("test", DummyFunctions, DummyMemsizer)
+        Program("test", DummyFunctions, DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
             .addModule(module)
-        module.linkIntoProgram(program)
-        assertFalse(target.isInRegularRAMof(C64Target.machine))
+        target.isIOAddress(C64Target.machine) shouldBe true
     }
-}
+})

compiler/test/TestNumbers.kt

@@ -1,116 +1,110 @@
 package prog8tests
 
-import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat
-import org.hamcrest.Matchers.closeTo
-import org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance
+import io.kotest.assertions.throwables.shouldThrow
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.doubles.plusOrMinus
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
 import prog8.ast.toHex
-import prog8.compiler.CompilerException
 import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE
 import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE
 import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.Mflpt5
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
-import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
+import prog8.compilerinterface.InternalCompilerException
 
-@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
-class TestNumbers {
-    @Test
-    fun testToHex() {
-        assertEquals("0", 0.toHex())
-        assertEquals("1", 1.toHex())
-        assertEquals("1", 1.234.toHex())
-        assertEquals("10", 10.toHex())
-        assertEquals("10", 10.99.toHex())
-        assertEquals("15", 15.toHex())
-        assertEquals("\$10", 16.toHex())
-        assertEquals("\$ff", 255.toHex())
-        assertEquals("\$0100", 256.toHex())
-        assertEquals("\$4e5c", 20060.toHex())
-        assertEquals("\$c382", 50050.toHex())
-        assertEquals("\$ffff", 65535.toHex())
-        assertEquals("\$ffff", 65535L.toHex())
-        assertEquals("0", 0.toHex())
-        assertEquals("-1", (-1).toHex())
-        assertEquals("-1", (-1.234).toHex())
-        assertEquals("-10", (-10).toHex())
-        assertEquals("-10", (-10.99).toHex())
-        assertEquals("-15", (-15).toHex())
-        assertEquals("-\$10", (-16).toHex())
-        assertEquals("-\$ff", (-255).toHex())
-        assertEquals("-\$0100", (-256).toHex())
-        assertEquals("-\$4e5c", (-20060).toHex())
-        assertEquals("-\$c382", (-50050).toHex())
-        assertEquals("-\$ffff", (-65535).toHex())
-        assertEquals("-\$ffff", (-65535L).toHex())
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { 65536.toHex()  }
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { 65536L.toHex()  }
+
+class TestNumbers: FunSpec({
+    test("testToHex") {
+        0.toHex() shouldBe "0"
+        1.toHex() shouldBe "1"
+        1.234.toHex() shouldBe "1"
+        10.toHex() shouldBe "10"
+        10.99.toHex() shouldBe "10"
+        15.toHex() shouldBe "15"
+        16.toHex() shouldBe "\$10"
+        255.toHex() shouldBe "\$ff"
+        256.toHex() shouldBe "\$0100"
+        20060.toHex() shouldBe "\$4e5c"
+        50050.toHex() shouldBe "\$c382"
+        65535.toHex() shouldBe "\$ffff"
+        65535L.toHex() shouldBe "\$ffff"
+        0.toHex() shouldBe "0"
+        (-1).toHex() shouldBe "-1"
+        (-1.234).toHex() shouldBe "-1"
+        (-10).toHex() shouldBe "-10"
+        (-10.99).toHex() shouldBe "-10"
+        (-15).toHex() shouldBe "-15"
+        (-16).toHex() shouldBe "-\$10"
+        (-255).toHex() shouldBe "-\$ff"
+        (-256).toHex() shouldBe "-\$0100"
+        (-20060).toHex() shouldBe "-\$4e5c"
+        (-50050).toHex() shouldBe "-\$c382"
+        (-65535).toHex() shouldBe "-\$ffff"
+        (-65535L).toHex() shouldBe "-\$ffff"
+        shouldThrow<IllegalArgumentException> { 65536.toHex()  }
+        shouldThrow<IllegalArgumentException> { 65536L.toHex()  }
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testFloatToMflpt5() {
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(0), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(3.141592653), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x82, 0x49, 0x0F, 0xDA, 0xA1)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(3.141592653589793), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x82, 0x49, 0x0F, 0xDA, 0xA2)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(32768), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x90, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(-32768), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x90, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(1), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x81, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(0.7071067812), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x35, 0x04, 0xF3, 0x34)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(0.7071067811865476), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x35, 0x04, 0xF3, 0x33)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(1.4142135624), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x81, 0x35, 0x04, 0xF3, 0x34)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(1.4142135623730951), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x81, 0x35, 0x04, 0xF3, 0x33)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(-.5), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(0.69314718061), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x31, 0x72, 0x17, 0xF8)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(0.6931471805599453), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x31, 0x72, 0x17, 0xF7)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(10), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x84, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(1000000000), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x9E, 0x6E, 0x6B, 0x28, 0x00)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(.5), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(1.4426950408889634), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x81, 0x38, 0xAA, 0x3B, 0x29)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(1.5707963267948966), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x81, 0x49, 0x0F, 0xDA, 0xA2)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(6.283185307179586), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x83, 0x49, 0x0F, 0xDA, 0xA2)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(.25), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x7F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(123.45678e22), equalTo(Mflpt5(0xd1, 0x02, 0xb7, 0x06, 0xfb)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(-123.45678e-22), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x3e, 0xe9, 0x34, 0x09, 0x1b)))
+    test("testFloatToMflpt5") {
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(0) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(3.141592653) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x82u, 0x49u, 0x0Fu, 0xDAu, 0xA1u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(3.141592653589793) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x82u, 0x49u, 0x0Fu, 0xDAu, 0xA2u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(32768) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x90u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(-32768) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x90u, 0x80u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(1) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x81u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(0.7071067812) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x80u, 0x35u, 0x04u, 0xF3u, 0x34u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(0.7071067811865476) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x80u, 0x35u, 0x04u, 0xF3u, 0x33u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(1.4142135624) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x81u, 0x35u, 0x04u, 0xF3u, 0x34u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(1.4142135623730951) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x81u, 0x35u, 0x04u, 0xF3u, 0x33u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(-.5) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x80u, 0x80u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(0.69314718061) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x80u, 0x31u, 0x72u, 0x17u, 0xF8u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(0.6931471805599453) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x80u, 0x31u, 0x72u, 0x17u, 0xF7u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(10) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x84u, 0x20u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(1000000000) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x9Eu, 0x6Eu, 0x6Bu, 0x28u, 0x00u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(.5) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x80u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(1.4426950408889634) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x81u, 0x38u, 0xAAu, 0x3Bu, 0x29u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(1.5707963267948966) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x81u, 0x49u, 0x0Fu, 0xDAu, 0xA2u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(6.283185307179586) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x83u, 0x49u, 0x0Fu, 0xDAu, 0xA2u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(.25) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x7Fu, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(123.45678e22) shouldBe Mflpt5(0xd1u, 0x02u, 0xb7u, 0x06u, 0xfbu)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(-123.45678e-22) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x3eu, 0xe9u, 0x34u, 0x09u, 0x1bu)
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testFloatRange() {
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE), equalTo(Mflpt5(0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE), equalTo(Mflpt5(0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(1.7e-38), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x03, 0x39, 0x1d, 0x15, 0x63)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(1.7e-39), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(-1.7e-38), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x03, 0xb9, 0x1d, 0x15, 0x63)))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5.fromNumber(-1.7e-39), equalTo(Mflpt5(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)))
-        assertFailsWith<CompilerException> { Mflpt5.fromNumber(1.7014118346e+38) }
-        assertFailsWith<CompilerException> { Mflpt5.fromNumber(-1.7014118346e+38) }
-        assertFailsWith<CompilerException> { Mflpt5.fromNumber(1.7014118347e+38) }
-        assertFailsWith<CompilerException> { Mflpt5.fromNumber(-1.7014118347e+38) }
+    test("testFloatRange") {
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(FLOAT_MAX_POSITIVE) shouldBe Mflpt5(0xffu, 0x7fu, 0xffu, 0xffu, 0xffu)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(FLOAT_MAX_NEGATIVE) shouldBe Mflpt5(0xffu, 0xffu, 0xffu, 0xffu, 0xffu)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(1.7e-38) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x03u, 0x39u, 0x1du, 0x15u, 0x63u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(1.7e-39) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(-1.7e-38) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x03u, 0xb9u, 0x1du, 0x15u, 0x63u)
+        Mflpt5.fromNumber(-1.7e-39) shouldBe Mflpt5(0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u)
+        shouldThrow<InternalCompilerException> { Mflpt5.fromNumber(1.7014118346e+38) }
+        shouldThrow<InternalCompilerException> { Mflpt5.fromNumber(-1.7014118346e+38) }
+        shouldThrow<InternalCompilerException> { Mflpt5.fromNumber(1.7014118347e+38) }
+        shouldThrow<InternalCompilerException> { Mflpt5.fromNumber(-1.7014118347e+38) }
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testMflpt5ToFloat() {
+    test("testMflpt5ToFloat") {
         val epsilon=0.000000001
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00).toDouble(), equalTo(0.0))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x82, 0x49, 0x0F, 0xDA, 0xA1).toDouble(), closeTo(3.141592653, epsilon))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x82, 0x49, 0x0F, 0xDA, 0xA2).toDouble(), closeTo(3.141592653589793, epsilon))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x90, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00).toDouble(), equalTo(32768.0))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x90, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00).toDouble(), equalTo(-32768.0))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x81, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00).toDouble(), equalTo(1.0))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x35, 0x04, 0xF3, 0x34).toDouble(), closeTo(0.7071067812, epsilon))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x35, 0x04, 0xF3, 0x33).toDouble(), closeTo(0.7071067811865476, epsilon))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x81, 0x35, 0x04, 0xF3, 0x34).toDouble(), closeTo(1.4142135624, epsilon))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x81, 0x35, 0x04, 0xF3, 0x33).toDouble(), closeTo(1.4142135623730951, epsilon))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00).toDouble(), equalTo(-.5))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x31, 0x72, 0x17, 0xF8).toDouble(), closeTo(0.69314718061, epsilon))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x31, 0x72, 0x17, 0xF7).toDouble(), closeTo(0.6931471805599453, epsilon))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x84, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00).toDouble(), equalTo(10.0))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x9E, 0x6E, 0x6B, 0x28, 0x00).toDouble(), equalTo(1000000000.0))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00).toDouble(), equalTo(.5))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x81, 0x38, 0xAA, 0x3B, 0x29).toDouble(), closeTo(1.4426950408889634, epsilon))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x81, 0x49, 0x0F, 0xDA, 0xA2).toDouble(), closeTo(1.5707963267948966, epsilon))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x83, 0x49, 0x0F, 0xDA, 0xA2).toDouble(), closeTo(6.283185307179586, epsilon))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x7F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00).toDouble(), equalTo(.25))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0xd1, 0x02, 0xb7, 0x06, 0xfb).toDouble(), closeTo(123.45678e22, 1.0e15))
-        assertThat(Mflpt5(0x3e, 0xe9, 0x34, 0x09, 0x1b).toDouble(), closeTo(-123.45678e-22, epsilon))
+
+        Mflpt5(0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u).toDouble() shouldBe 0.0
+        Mflpt5(0x82u, 0x49u, 0x0Fu, 0xDAu, 0xA1u).toDouble() shouldBe(3.141592653 plusOrMinus epsilon)
+        Mflpt5(0x82u, 0x49u, 0x0Fu, 0xDAu, 0xA2u).toDouble() shouldBe(3.141592653589793 plusOrMinus epsilon)
+        Mflpt5(0x90u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u).toDouble() shouldBe 32768.0
+        Mflpt5(0x90u, 0x80u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u).toDouble() shouldBe -32768.0
+        Mflpt5(0x81u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u).toDouble() shouldBe 1.0
+        Mflpt5(0x80u, 0x35u, 0x04u, 0xF3u, 0x34u).toDouble() shouldBe(0.7071067812 plusOrMinus epsilon)
+        Mflpt5(0x80u, 0x35u, 0x04u, 0xF3u, 0x33u).toDouble() shouldBe(0.7071067811865476 plusOrMinus epsilon)
+        Mflpt5(0x81u, 0x35u, 0x04u, 0xF3u, 0x34u).toDouble() shouldBe(1.4142135624 plusOrMinus epsilon)
+        Mflpt5(0x81u, 0x35u, 0x04u, 0xF3u, 0x33u).toDouble() shouldBe(1.4142135623730951 plusOrMinus epsilon)
+        Mflpt5(0x80u, 0x80u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u).toDouble() shouldBe -.5
+        Mflpt5(0x80u, 0x31u, 0x72u, 0x17u, 0xF8u).toDouble() shouldBe(0.69314718061 plusOrMinus epsilon)
+        Mflpt5(0x80u, 0x31u, 0x72u, 0x17u, 0xF7u).toDouble() shouldBe(0.6931471805599453 plusOrMinus epsilon)
+        Mflpt5(0x84u, 0x20u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u).toDouble() shouldBe 10.0
+        Mflpt5(0x9Eu, 0x6Eu, 0x6Bu, 0x28u, 0x00u).toDouble() shouldBe 1000000000.0
+        Mflpt5(0x80u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u).toDouble() shouldBe .5
+        Mflpt5(0x81u, 0x38u, 0xAAu, 0x3Bu, 0x29u).toDouble() shouldBe(1.4426950408889634 plusOrMinus epsilon)
+        Mflpt5(0x81u, 0x49u, 0x0Fu, 0xDAu, 0xA2u).toDouble() shouldBe(1.5707963267948966 plusOrMinus epsilon)
+        Mflpt5(0x83u, 0x49u, 0x0Fu, 0xDAu, 0xA2u).toDouble() shouldBe(6.283185307179586 plusOrMinus epsilon)
+        Mflpt5(0x7Fu, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u).toDouble() shouldBe .25
+        Mflpt5(0xd1u, 0x02u, 0xb7u, 0x06u, 0xfbu).toDouble() shouldBe(123.45678e22 plusOrMinus 1.0e15)
+        Mflpt5(0x3eu, 0xe9u, 0x34u, 0x09u, 0x1bu).toDouble() shouldBe(-123.45678e-22 plusOrMinus epsilon)
     }
-}
+})

compiler/test/TestNumericLiteralValue.kt

@@ -1,144 +1,153 @@
 package prog8tests
 
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance
+import io.kotest.assertions.throwables.shouldThrow
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldNotBe
+import io.kotest.matchers.string.shouldContain
 import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.base.ExpressionError
 import prog8.ast.base.Position
 import prog8.ast.expressions.ArrayLiteralValue
 import prog8.ast.expressions.InferredTypes
 import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
 import prog8.ast.expressions.StringLiteralValue
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
-import kotlin.test.assertFalse
-import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
-import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 
-@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
-class TestNumericLiteralValue {
+class TestNumericLiteralValue: FunSpec({
 
-    private fun sameValueAndType(lv1: NumericLiteralValue, lv2: NumericLiteralValue): Boolean {
+    fun sameValueAndType(lv1: NumericLiteralValue, lv2: NumericLiteralValue): Boolean {
         return lv1.type==lv2.type && lv1==lv2
     }
 
-    private val dummyPos = Position("test", 0, 0, 0)
+    val dummyPos = Position("test", 0, 0, 0)
 
-    @Test
-    fun testIdentity() {
-        val v = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos)
-        assertEquals(v, v)
-        assertFalse(v != v)
-        assertTrue(v <= v)
-        assertTrue(v >= v)
-        assertFalse(v < v)
-        assertFalse(v > v)
+    test("testIdentity") {
+        val v = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345.0, dummyPos)
+        (v==v) shouldBe true
+        (v != v) shouldBe false
+        (v <= v) shouldBe true
+        (v >= v) shouldBe true
+        (v < v ) shouldBe false
+        (v > v ) shouldBe false
 
-        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos)))
+        sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testEqualsAndNotEquals() {
-        assertEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos))
-        assertEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 100, dummyPos))
-        assertEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos))
-        assertEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 254, dummyPos))
-        assertEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos))
-        assertEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 12345.0, dummyPos))
-        assertEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos))
-        assertEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 22239.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 22239, dummyPos))
-        assertEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos))
+    test("test rounding") {
+        shouldThrow<ExpressionError> {
+            NumericLiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, -2.345, dummyPos)
+        }.message shouldContain "refused silent rounding"
+        shouldThrow<ExpressionError> {
+            NumericLiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, -2.6, dummyPos)
+        }.message shouldContain "refused silent rounding"
+        shouldThrow<ExpressionError> {
+            NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 2222.345, dummyPos)
+        }.message shouldContain "refused silent rounding"
+        NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 2.0, dummyPos).number shouldBe 2.0
+        NumericLiteralValue(DataType.BYTE, -2.0, dummyPos).number shouldBe -2.0
+        NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 2222.0, dummyPos).number shouldBe 2222.0
+        NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 123.456, dummyPos)
+    }
 
-        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 100, dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 254, dummyPos)))
-        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 12345.0, dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 22239.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 22239, dummyPos)))
-        assertTrue(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos)))
+    test("testEqualsAndNotEquals") {
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos) == NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos) == NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 100.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos) == NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254.0, dummyPos) == NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 254.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345.0, dummyPos) == NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345.0, dummyPos) == NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 12345.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) == NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 22239.0, dummyPos) == NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 22239.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos) == NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
 
-        assertNotEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 101, dummyPos))
-        assertNotEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 101, dummyPos))
-        assertNotEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 101.0, dummyPos))
-        assertNotEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 245, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 246, dummyPos))
-        assertNotEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12346, dummyPos))
-        assertNotEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 12346.0, dummyPos))
-        assertNotEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 9, dummyPos))
-        assertNotEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 9, dummyPos))
-        assertNotEquals(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.0, dummyPos))
+        sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 100.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 254.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 12345.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 22239.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 22239.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
 
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 101, dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 101, dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 101.0, dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 245, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 246, dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12346, dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 12346.0, dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 9, dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 9, dummyPos)))
-        assertFalse(sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.0, dummyPos)))
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos) != NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 101.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos) != NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 101.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos) != NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 101.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 245.0, dummyPos) != NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 246.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345.0, dummyPos) != NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12346.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345.0, dummyPos) != NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 12346.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos) != NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 9.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos) != NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 9.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos) != NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+
+        sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 101.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 101.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 101.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 245.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 246.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12346.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 12345.0, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 12346.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 9.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 9.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        sameValueAndType(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.99, dummyPos), NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 9.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
 
 
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testEqualsRef() {
-        assertEquals(StringLiteralValue("hello", false, dummyPos), StringLiteralValue("hello", false, dummyPos))
-        assertNotEquals(StringLiteralValue("hello", false, dummyPos), StringLiteralValue("bye", false, dummyPos))
-        assertEquals(StringLiteralValue("hello", true, dummyPos), StringLiteralValue("hello", true, dummyPos))
-        assertNotEquals(StringLiteralValue("hello", true, dummyPos), StringLiteralValue("bye", true, dummyPos))
-        assertNotEquals(StringLiteralValue("hello", true, dummyPos), StringLiteralValue("hello", false, dummyPos))
+    test("testEqualsRef") {
+        (StringLiteralValue("hello", false, dummyPos) == StringLiteralValue("hello", false, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (StringLiteralValue("hello", false, dummyPos) != StringLiteralValue("bye", false, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (StringLiteralValue("hello", true, dummyPos) == StringLiteralValue("hello", true, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (StringLiteralValue("hello", true, dummyPos) != StringLiteralValue("bye", true, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (StringLiteralValue("hello", true, dummyPos) != StringLiteralValue("hello", false, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
 
-        val lvOne = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 1, dummyPos)
-        val lvTwo = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 2, dummyPos)
-        val lvThree = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 3, dummyPos)
-        val lvOneR = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 1, dummyPos)
-        val lvTwoR = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 2, dummyPos)
-        val lvThreeR = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 3, dummyPos)
-        val lvFour= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 4, dummyPos)
+        val lvOne = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 1.0, dummyPos)
+        val lvTwo = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 2.0, dummyPos)
+        val lvThree = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 3.0, dummyPos)
+        val lvOneR = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 1.0, dummyPos)
+        val lvTwoR = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 2.0, dummyPos)
+        val lvThreeR = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 3.0, dummyPos)
+        val lvFour= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 4.0, dummyPos)
         val lv1 = ArrayLiteralValue(InferredTypes.InferredType.known(DataType.ARRAY_UB), arrayOf(lvOne, lvTwo, lvThree), dummyPos)
         val lv2 = ArrayLiteralValue(InferredTypes.InferredType.known(DataType.ARRAY_UB), arrayOf(lvOneR, lvTwoR, lvThreeR), dummyPos)
         val lv3 = ArrayLiteralValue(InferredTypes.InferredType.known(DataType.ARRAY_UB), arrayOf(lvOneR, lvTwoR, lvFour), dummyPos)
-        assertEquals(lv1, lv2)
-        assertNotEquals(lv1, lv3)
+        lv1 shouldBe lv2
+        lv1 shouldNotBe lv3
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testGreaterThan(){
-        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos) > NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 99, dummyPos))
-        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos) > NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 253, dummyPos))
-        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) > NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 99.9, dummyPos))
+    test("testGreaterThan") {
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos) > NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 99.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254.0, dummyPos) > NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 253.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) > NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 99.9, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
 
-        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos) >= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos))
-        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos) >= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos))
-        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) >= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos))
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos) >= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254.0, dummyPos) >= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) >= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
 
-        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos) > NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos))
-        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos) > NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos))
-        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) > NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos))
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos) > NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254.0, dummyPos) > NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) > NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
 
-        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos) >= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 101, dummyPos))
-        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos) >= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 255, dummyPos))
-        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) >= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.1, dummyPos))
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos) >= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 101.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254.0, dummyPos) >= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 255.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) >= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.1, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testLessThan() {
-        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos) < NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 101, dummyPos))
-        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos) < NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 255, dummyPos))
-        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) < NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.1, dummyPos))
+    test("testLessThan") {
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos) < NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 101.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254.0, dummyPos) < NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 255.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) < NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.1, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
 
-        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos) <= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos))
-        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos) <= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos))
-        assertTrue(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) <= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos))
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos) <= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254.0, dummyPos) <= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) <= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe true
 
-        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos) < NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos))
-        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos) < NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos))
-        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) < NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos))
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos) < NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254.0, dummyPos) < NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) < NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
 
-        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100, dummyPos) <= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 99, dummyPos))
-        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254, dummyPos) <= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 253, dummyPos))
-        assertFalse(NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) <= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 99.9, dummyPos))
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 100.0, dummyPos) <= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 99.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 254.0, dummyPos) <= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 253.0, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
+        (NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 100.0, dummyPos) <= NumericLiteralValue(DataType.FLOAT, 99.9, dummyPos)) shouldBe false
     }
 
-}
-
+})

compiler/test/TestOptimization.kt

@@ -1,23 +1,34 @@
 package prog8tests
 
-import org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.instanceOf
-import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance
-import prog8.ast.statements.Block
-import prog8.ast.statements.Return
-import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
+import io.kotest.assertions.fail
+import io.kotest.assertions.withClue
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldNotBe
+import io.kotest.matchers.string.shouldContain
+import io.kotest.matchers.types.instanceOf
+import io.kotest.matchers.types.shouldBeSameInstanceAs
+import prog8.ast.Program
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.base.ParentSentinel
+import prog8.ast.base.Position
+import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.compiler.BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger
+import prog8.compiler.printProgram
 import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
+import prog8.compilerinterface.*
+import prog8tests.helpers.*
+import prog8tests.helpers.DummyFunctions
+import prog8tests.helpers.DummyMemsizer
+import prog8tests.helpers.DummyStringEncoder
+import prog8tests.helpers.ErrorReporterForTests
 import prog8tests.helpers.assertSuccess
 import prog8tests.helpers.compileText
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
-import kotlin.test.assertSame
-import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import prog8tests.helpers.generateAssembly
 
-@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
-class TestOptimization {
-    @Test
-    fun testRemoveEmptySubroutineExceptStart() {
+class TestOptimization: FunSpec({
+    test("remove empty subroutine except start") {
         val sourcecode = """
             main {
                 sub start() {
@@ -28,16 +39,19 @@ class TestOptimization {
             }
         """
         val result = compileText(C64Target, true, sourcecode).assertSuccess()
-        val toplevelModule = result.programAst.toplevelModule
+        val toplevelModule = result.program.toplevelModule
         val mainBlock = toplevelModule.statements.single() as Block
         val startSub = mainBlock.statements.single() as Subroutine
-        assertSame(result.programAst.entrypoint, startSub)
-        assertEquals("start", startSub.name, "only start sub should remain")
-        assertTrue(startSub.statements.single() is Return, "compiler has inserted return in empty subroutines")
+        result.program.entrypoint shouldBeSameInstanceAs startSub
+        withClue("only start sub should remain") {
+            startSub.name shouldBe "start"
+        }
+        withClue("compiler has inserted return in empty subroutines") {
+            startSub.statements.single() shouldBe instanceOf<Return>()
+        }
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testDontRemoveEmptySubroutineIfItsReferenced() {
+    test("don't remove empty subroutine if it's referenced") {
         val sourcecode = """
             main {
                 sub start() {
@@ -50,13 +64,506 @@ class TestOptimization {
             }
         """
         val result = compileText(C64Target, true, sourcecode).assertSuccess()
-        val toplevelModule = result.programAst.toplevelModule
+        val toplevelModule = result.program.toplevelModule
         val mainBlock = toplevelModule.statements.single() as Block
         val startSub = mainBlock.statements[0] as Subroutine
         val emptySub = mainBlock.statements[1] as Subroutine
-        assertSame(result.programAst.entrypoint, startSub)
-        assertEquals("start", startSub.name)
-        assertEquals("empty", emptySub.name)
-        assertTrue(emptySub.statements.single() is Return, "compiler has inserted return in empty subroutines")
+        result.program.entrypoint shouldBeSameInstanceAs startSub
+        startSub.name shouldBe "start"
+        emptySub.name shouldBe "empty"
+        withClue("compiler has inserted return in empty subroutines") {
+            emptySub.statements.single() shouldBe instanceOf<Return>()
+        }
     }
-}
+
+    test("generated constvalue from typecast inherits proper parent linkage") {
+        val number = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 11.0, Position.DUMMY)
+        val tc = TypecastExpression(number, DataType.BYTE, false, Position.DUMMY)
+        val program = Program("test", DummyFunctions, DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        tc.linkParents(ParentSentinel)
+        tc.parent shouldNotBe null
+        number.parent shouldNotBe null
+        tc shouldBeSameInstanceAs number.parent
+        val constvalue = tc.constValue(program)!!
+        constvalue shouldBe instanceOf<NumericLiteralValue>()
+        constvalue.number shouldBe 11.0
+        constvalue.type shouldBe DataType.BYTE
+        constvalue.parent shouldBeSameInstanceAs tc.parent
+    }
+
+    test("generated constvalue from prefixexpr inherits proper parent linkage") {
+        val number = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 11.0, Position.DUMMY)
+        val pfx = PrefixExpression("-", number, Position.DUMMY)
+        val program = Program("test", DummyFunctions, DummyMemsizer, DummyStringEncoder)
+        pfx.linkParents(ParentSentinel)
+        pfx.parent shouldNotBe null
+        number.parent shouldNotBe null
+        pfx shouldBeSameInstanceAs number.parent
+        val constvalue = pfx.constValue(program)!!
+        constvalue shouldBe instanceOf<NumericLiteralValue>()
+        constvalue.number shouldBe -11.0
+        constvalue.type shouldBe DataType.BYTE
+        constvalue.parent shouldBeSameInstanceAs pfx.parent
+    }
+
+    test("constantfolded and silently typecasted for initializervalues") {
+        val sourcecode = """
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                    const ubyte TEST = 10
+                    byte @shared x1 = TEST as byte + 1
+                    byte @shared x2 = 1 + TEST as byte
+                    ubyte @shared y1 = TEST + 1 as byte
+                    ubyte @shared y2 = 1 as byte + TEST
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, true, sourcecode).assertSuccess()
+        val mainsub = result.program.entrypoint
+        mainsub.statements.size shouldBe 10
+        val declTest = mainsub.statements[0] as VarDecl
+        val declX1 = mainsub.statements[1] as VarDecl
+        val initX1 = mainsub.statements[2] as Assignment
+        val declX2 = mainsub.statements[3] as VarDecl
+        val initX2 = mainsub.statements[4] as Assignment
+        val declY1 = mainsub.statements[5] as VarDecl
+        val initY1 = mainsub.statements[6] as Assignment
+        val declY2 = mainsub.statements[7] as VarDecl
+        val initY2 = mainsub.statements[8] as Assignment
+        mainsub.statements[9] shouldBe instanceOf<Return>()
+        (declTest.value as NumericLiteralValue).number shouldBe 10.0
+        declX1.value shouldBe null
+        declX2.value shouldBe null
+        declY1.value shouldBe null
+        declY2.value shouldBe null
+        (initX1.value as NumericLiteralValue).type shouldBe DataType.BYTE
+        (initX1.value as NumericLiteralValue).number shouldBe 11.0
+        (initX2.value as NumericLiteralValue).type shouldBe DataType.BYTE
+        (initX2.value as NumericLiteralValue).number shouldBe 11.0
+        (initY1.value as NumericLiteralValue).type shouldBe DataType.UBYTE
+        (initY1.value as NumericLiteralValue).number shouldBe 11.0
+        (initY2.value as NumericLiteralValue).type shouldBe DataType.UBYTE
+        (initY2.value as NumericLiteralValue).number shouldBe 11.0
+    }
+
+    test("typecasted assignment from ubyte logical expressoin to uword var") {
+        val src = """
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                    ubyte bb
+                    uword ww
+                    ww = not bb or not ww       ; expression combining ubyte and uword
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, false, src, writeAssembly = false).assertSuccess()
+
+        // ww = ((( not bb as uword)  or  not ww) as uword)
+        val wwAssign = result.program.entrypoint.statements.last() as Assignment
+        val expr = wwAssign.value as TypecastExpression
+
+        wwAssign.target.identifier?.nameInSource shouldBe listOf("ww")
+        expr.type shouldBe DataType.UWORD
+        expr.expression.inferType(result.program).istype(DataType.UBYTE) shouldBe true
+    }
+
+    test("intermediate assignment steps have correct types for codegen phase (BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger)") {
+        val src = """
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                    ubyte bb
+                    uword ww
+                    bb = not bb or not ww       ; expression combining ubyte and uword
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, false, src, writeAssembly = false).assertSuccess()
+
+        // bb = (( not bb as uword)  or  not ww)
+        val bbAssign = result.program.entrypoint.statements.last() as Assignment
+        val expr = bbAssign.value as BinaryExpression
+        expr.operator shouldBe "or"
+        expr.left shouldBe instanceOf<TypecastExpression>() // casted to word
+        expr.right shouldBe instanceOf<PrefixExpression>()
+        expr.left.inferType(result.program).getOrElse { fail("dt") } shouldBe DataType.UWORD
+        expr.right.inferType(result.program).getOrElse { fail("dt") } shouldBe DataType.UWORD
+        expr.inferType(result.program).getOrElse { fail("dt") } shouldBe DataType.UBYTE
+
+        val options = CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE, emptyList(), false, true, C64Target)
+        val changer = BeforeAsmGenerationAstChanger(result.program,
+            options,
+            ErrorReporterForTests()
+        )
+
+        changer.visit(result.program)
+        while(changer.applyModifications()>0) {
+            changer.visit(result.program)
+        }
+
+        // assignment is now split into:
+        //     bb =  not bb
+        //     bb = (bb or  not ww)
+
+        val assigns = result.program.entrypoint.statements.filterIsInstance<Assignment>()
+        val bbAssigns = assigns.filter { it.value !is NumericLiteralValue }
+        bbAssigns.size shouldBe 2
+
+        bbAssigns[0].target.identifier!!.nameInSource shouldBe listOf("bb")
+        bbAssigns[0].value shouldBe instanceOf<PrefixExpression>()
+        (bbAssigns[0].value as PrefixExpression).operator shouldBe "not"
+        (bbAssigns[0].value as PrefixExpression).expression shouldBe IdentifierReference(listOf("bb"), Position.DUMMY)
+        bbAssigns[0].value.inferType(result.program).getOrElse { fail("dt") } shouldBe DataType.UBYTE
+
+        bbAssigns[1].target.identifier!!.nameInSource shouldBe listOf("bb")
+        val bbAssigns1expr = bbAssigns[1].value as BinaryExpression
+        bbAssigns1expr.operator shouldBe "or"
+        bbAssigns1expr.left shouldBe IdentifierReference(listOf("bb"), Position.DUMMY)
+        bbAssigns1expr.right shouldBe instanceOf<PrefixExpression>()
+        (bbAssigns1expr.right as PrefixExpression).operator shouldBe "not"
+        (bbAssigns1expr.right as PrefixExpression).expression shouldBe IdentifierReference(listOf("ww"), Position.DUMMY)
+        bbAssigns1expr.inferType(result.program).getOrElse { fail("dt") } shouldBe DataType.UBYTE
+
+        val asm = generateAssembly(result.program, options)
+        asm.valid shouldBe true
+    }
+
+    test("intermediate assignment steps generated for typecasted expression") {
+        val src = """
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                    ubyte r
+                    ubyte @shared bb = (cos8(r)/2 + 100) as ubyte
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, true, src, writeAssembly = true).assertSuccess()
+        /* turned into:
+        ubyte r
+        r = 0
+        ubyte bb
+        prog8_lib.retval_interm_b = cos8(r)
+        prog8_lib.retval_interm_b >>= 1
+        prog8_lib.retval_interm_b += 100
+        bb = prog8_lib.retval_interm_b
+        return
+         */
+        val st = result.program.entrypoint.statements
+        st.size shouldBe 8
+        st.last() shouldBe instanceOf<Return>()
+        var assign = st[3] as Assignment
+        assign.target.identifier!!.nameInSource shouldBe listOf("prog8_lib","retval_interm_b")
+        assign = st[4] as Assignment
+        assign.target.identifier!!.nameInSource shouldBe listOf("prog8_lib","retval_interm_b")
+        assign = st[5] as Assignment
+        assign.target.identifier!!.nameInSource shouldBe listOf("prog8_lib","retval_interm_b")
+        assign = st[6] as Assignment
+        assign.target.identifier!!.nameInSource shouldBe listOf("bb")
+    }
+
+    test("asmgen correctly deals with float typecasting in augmented assignment") {
+        val src="""
+            %option enable_floats
+            
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                    ubyte ub
+                    float ff = 1.0
+                    ff += (ub as float)         ; operator doesn't matter
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, optimize=false, src, writeAssembly = false).assertSuccess()
+        val assignFF = result.program.entrypoint.statements.last() as Assignment
+        assignFF.isAugmentable shouldBe true
+        assignFF.target.identifier!!.nameInSource shouldBe listOf("ff")
+        val value = assignFF.value as BinaryExpression
+        value.operator shouldBe "+"
+        value.left shouldBe IdentifierReference(listOf("ff"), Position.DUMMY)
+        value.right shouldBe instanceOf<TypecastExpression>()
+
+        val asm = generateAssembly(result.program)
+        asm.valid shouldBe true
+    }
+
+    test("unused variable removal") {
+        val src="""
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                    ubyte unused
+                    ubyte @shared unused_but_shared     ; this one should remain
+                    ubyte usedvar_only_written
+                    usedvar_only_written=2
+                    usedvar_only_written++
+                    ubyte usedvar                       ; and this one too
+                    usedvar = msb(usedvar)
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, optimize=true, src, writeAssembly=false).assertSuccess()
+        result.program.entrypoint.statements.size shouldBe 4       // unused_but_shared decl, unused_but_shared=0,  usedvar decl, usedvar assign
+        val (decl, assign, decl2, assign2) = result.program.entrypoint.statements
+        decl shouldBe instanceOf<VarDecl>()
+        (decl as VarDecl).name shouldBe "unused_but_shared"
+        assign shouldBe instanceOf<Assignment>()
+        decl2 shouldBe instanceOf<VarDecl>()
+        (decl2 as VarDecl).name shouldBe "usedvar"
+        assign2 shouldBe instanceOf<Assignment>()
+    }
+
+    test("unused variable removal from subscope") {
+        val src="""
+            main {
+                sub start()  {
+                    if cx16.r0 {
+                        uword xx = 42       ; to be removed
+                        xx=99               ; to be removed
+                        cx16.r0 = 0
+                    }
+                    func2()
+            
+                    sub func2() {
+                         uword yy = 33      ; to be removed
+                         yy=99              ; to be removed
+                         cx16.r0 = 0
+                    }
+                }
+            }"""
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, optimize=true, src, writeAssembly=false).assertSuccess()
+        result.program.entrypoint.statements.size shouldBe 3
+        val ifstmt = result.program.entrypoint.statements[0] as IfStatement
+        ifstmt.truepart.statements.size shouldBe 1
+        (ifstmt.truepart.statements[0] as Assignment).target.identifier!!.nameInSource shouldBe listOf("cx16", "r0")
+        val func2 = result.program.entrypoint.statements[2] as Subroutine
+        func2.statements.size shouldBe 1
+        (func2.statements[0] as Assignment).target.identifier!!.nameInSource shouldBe listOf("cx16", "r0")
+    }
+
+    test("test simple augmented assignment optimization correctly initializes all variables") {
+        val src="""
+            main {
+                sub start()  {
+                    ubyte @shared z1
+                    z1 = 10
+                    ubyte @shared z2
+                    z2 = ~z2
+                    ubyte @shared z3
+                    z3 = not z3
+                    uword @shared z4
+                    z4 = (z4 as ubyte)
+                    ubyte @shared z5
+                    z5 = z1+z5+5
+                    ubyte @shared z6
+                    z6 = z1+z6-5
+                }
+            }"""
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, optimize=true, src, writeAssembly=false).assertSuccess()
+        /* expected:
+        ubyte z1
+        z1 = 10
+        ubyte z2
+        z2 = 255
+        ubyte z3
+        z3 = 1
+        uword z4
+        z4 = 0
+        ubyte z5
+        z5 = z1
+        z5 += 5
+        ubyte z6
+        z6 = z1
+        z6 -= 5
+        */
+        val statements = result.program.entrypoint.statements
+        statements.size shouldBe 14
+        val z1decl = statements[0] as VarDecl
+        val z1init = statements[1] as Assignment
+        val z2decl = statements[2] as VarDecl
+        val z2init = statements[3] as Assignment
+        val z3decl = statements[4] as VarDecl
+        val z3init = statements[5] as Assignment
+        val z4decl = statements[6] as VarDecl
+        val z4init = statements[7] as Assignment
+        val z5decl = statements[8] as VarDecl
+        val z5init = statements[9] as Assignment
+        val z5plus = statements[10] as Assignment
+        val z6decl = statements[11] as VarDecl
+        val z6init = statements[12] as Assignment
+        val z6plus = statements[13] as Assignment
+
+        z1decl.name shouldBe "z1"
+        z1init.value shouldBe NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 10.0, Position.DUMMY)
+        z2decl.name shouldBe "z2"
+        z2init.value shouldBe NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 255.0, Position.DUMMY)
+        z3decl.name shouldBe "z3"
+        z3init.value shouldBe NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 1.0, Position.DUMMY)
+        z4decl.name shouldBe "z4"
+        z4init.value shouldBe NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 0.0, Position.DUMMY)
+        z5decl.name shouldBe "z5"
+        z5init.value shouldBe IdentifierReference(listOf("z1"), Position.DUMMY)
+        z5plus.isAugmentable shouldBe true
+        (z5plus.value as BinaryExpression).operator shouldBe "+"
+        (z5plus.value as BinaryExpression).right shouldBe NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 5.0, Position.DUMMY)
+        z6decl.name shouldBe "z6"
+        z6init.value shouldBe IdentifierReference(listOf("z1"), Position.DUMMY)
+        z6plus.isAugmentable shouldBe true
+        (z6plus.value as BinaryExpression).operator shouldBe "-"
+        (z6plus.value as BinaryExpression).right shouldBe NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 5.0, Position.DUMMY)
+    }
+
+    test("force_output option should work with optimizing memwrite assignment") {
+        val src="""
+            main {
+                %option force_output
+                
+                sub start() {
+                    uword aa
+                    ubyte zz
+                    @(aa) = zz + 32    
+                }
+            }
+        """
+
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, optimize=true, src, writeAssembly=false).assertSuccess()
+        val stmts = result.program.entrypoint.statements
+        stmts.size shouldBe 6
+        val assign=stmts.last() as Assignment
+        (assign.target.memoryAddress?.addressExpression as IdentifierReference).nameInSource shouldBe listOf("aa")
+    }
+
+    test("don't optimize memory writes away") {
+        val src="""
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                    uword aa
+                    ubyte zz
+                    @(aa) = zz + 32   ; do not optimize this away!
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, optimize=true, src, writeAssembly=false).assertSuccess()
+        val stmts = result.program.entrypoint.statements
+        stmts.size shouldBe 6
+        val assign=stmts.last() as Assignment
+        (assign.target.memoryAddress?.addressExpression as IdentifierReference).nameInSource shouldBe listOf("aa")
+    }
+
+    test("correctly process constant prefix numbers") {
+        val src="""
+            main {
+                sub start()  {
+                    ubyte @shared z1 = 1
+                    ubyte @shared z2 = + 1
+                    ubyte @shared z3 = ~ 1
+                    ubyte @shared z4 = not 1
+                    byte @shared z5 = - 1
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, optimize=true, src, writeAssembly=false).assertSuccess()
+        val stmts = result.program.entrypoint.statements
+        stmts.size shouldBe 10
+        stmts.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>().size shouldBe 5
+        stmts.filterIsInstance<Assignment>().size shouldBe 5
+    }
+
+    test("correctly process constant prefix numbers with type mismatch and give error") {
+        val src="""
+            main {
+                sub start()  {
+                    ubyte @shared z1 = - 1
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        compileText(C64Target, optimize=true, src, writeAssembly=false, errors = errors).assertFailure()
+        errors.errors.size shouldBe 2
+        errors.errors[0] shouldContain  "type of value BYTE doesn't match target UBYTE"
+        errors.errors[1] shouldContain "value '-1' out of range for unsigned byte"
+    }
+
+    test("test augmented expression asmgen") {
+        val src = """
+        main {
+            sub start() {
+                ubyte c
+                ubyte r
+                ubyte q
+                r = (q+r)-c
+                q=r
+                r = q+(r-c)
+                q=r
+            }
+        }"""
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, optimize=false, src, writeAssembly=true).assertSuccess()
+        result.program.entrypoint.statements.size shouldBe 11
+        result.program.entrypoint.statements.last() shouldBe instanceOf<Return>()
+    }
+
+    test("keep the value initializer assignment if the next one depends on it") {
+        val src="""
+        main {
+            sub start() {
+                uword @shared yy
+                yy = 20             ; ok to remove =0 initializer before this
+                uword @shared zz
+                zz += 60            ; NOT ok to remove initializer, should evaluate to 60
+                ubyte @shared xx
+                xx = 6+sin8u(xx)     ; NOT ok to remove initializer
+            }
+        }
+        """
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, optimize=true, src, writeAssembly=false).assertSuccess()
+        /* expected result:
+        uword yy
+        yy = 20
+        uword zz
+        zz = 60
+        ubyte xx
+        xx = 0
+        xx = sin8u(xx)
+        xx += 6
+         */
+        val stmts = result.program.entrypoint.statements
+        stmts.size shouldBe 8
+        stmts.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>().size shouldBe 3
+        stmts.filterIsInstance<Assignment>().size shouldBe 5
+    }
+
+    test("only substitue assignments with 0 after a =0 initializer if it is the same variable") {
+        val src="""
+        main {
+            sub start() {
+                uword @shared xx
+                xx = xx + 20    ; is same var so can be changed just fine into xx=20
+                uword @shared yy
+                xx = 20
+                yy = 0          ; is other var..
+                xx = xx+10      ; so this should not be changed into xx=10
+            }
+        }"""
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, optimize=true, src, writeAssembly=false).assertSuccess()
+        /*
+        expected result:
+        uword xx
+        xx = 20
+        uword yy
+        yy = 0
+        xx = 20
+        yy = 0
+        xx += 10
+         */
+        val stmts = result.program.entrypoint.statements
+        stmts.size shouldBe 7
+        stmts.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>().size shouldBe 2
+        stmts.filterIsInstance<Assignment>().size shouldBe 5
+        val assignXX1 = stmts[1] as Assignment
+        assignXX1.target.identifier!!.nameInSource shouldBe listOf("xx")
+        assignXX1.value shouldBe NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 20.0, Position.DUMMY)
+        val assignXX2 = stmts.last() as Assignment
+        assignXX2.target.identifier!!.nameInSource shouldBe listOf("xx")
+        val xxValue = assignXX2.value as BinaryExpression
+        xxValue.operator shouldBe "+"
+        xxValue.left shouldBe IdentifierReference(listOf("xx"), Position.DUMMY)
+        xxValue.right shouldBe NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 10.0, Position.DUMMY)
+    }
+})

compiler/test/TestPetscii.kt

@@ -1,109 +1,175 @@
 package prog8tests
 
 import com.github.michaelbull.result.Ok
-import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat
-import org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance
-import prog8.ast.base.DataType
-import prog8.ast.base.Position
-import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
-import prog8.ast.expressions.StringLiteralValue
+import com.github.michaelbull.result.expectError
+import com.github.michaelbull.result.getOrElse
+import io.kotest.assertions.withClue
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
 import prog8.compiler.target.cbm.Petscii
-import kotlin.test.*
 
 
-@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
-class TestPetscii {
+class TestPetscii: FunSpec({
 
-    @Test
-    fun testZero() {
-        assertThat(Petscii.encodePetscii("\u0000", true), equalTo(Ok(listOf<Short>(0))))
-        assertThat(Petscii.encodePetscii("\u0000", false), equalTo(Ok(listOf<Short>(0))))
-        assertThat(Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(0), true), equalTo("\u0000"))
-        assertThat(Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(0), false), equalTo("\u0000"))
+    test("testZero") {
+        Petscii.encodePetscii("\u0000", true) shouldBe Ok(listOf<UByte>(0u))
+        Petscii.encodePetscii("\u0000", false) shouldBe Ok(listOf<UByte>(0u))
+        Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(0u), true) shouldBe "\u0000"
+        Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(0u), false) shouldBe "\u0000"
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testLowercase() {
-        assertThat(Petscii.encodePetscii("hello WORLD 123 @!£", true), equalTo(
-                Ok(listOf<Short>(72, 69, 76, 76, 79, 32, 0xd7, 0xcf, 0xd2, 0xcc, 0xc4, 32, 49, 50, 51, 32, 64, 33, 0x5c))))
-        assertThat(Petscii.encodePetscii("\uf11a", true), equalTo(Ok(listOf<Short>(0x12))))   // reverse vid
-        assertThat(Petscii.encodePetscii("✓", true), equalTo(Ok(listOf<Short>(0xfa))))
-        assertThat("expect lowercase error fallback", Petscii.encodePetscii("π", true), equalTo(Ok(listOf<Short>(255))))
-        assertThat("expect lowercase error fallback", Petscii.encodePetscii("♥", true), equalTo(Ok(listOf<Short>(0xd3))))
+    test("testLowercase") {
+        Petscii.encodePetscii("hello WORLD 123 @!£", true) shouldBe
+                Ok(listOf<UByte>(72u, 69u, 76u, 76u, 79u, 32u, 0xd7u, 0xcfu, 0xd2u, 0xccu, 0xc4u, 32u, 49u, 50u, 51u, 32u, 64u, 33u, 0x5cu))
+        Petscii.encodePetscii("\uf11a", true) shouldBe Ok(listOf<UByte>(0x12u))   // reverse vid
+        Petscii.encodePetscii("✓", true) shouldBe Ok(listOf<UByte>(0xfau))
+        withClue("expect lowercase error fallback") {
+            Petscii.encodePetscii("π", true) shouldBe Ok(listOf<UByte>(255u))
+            Petscii.encodePetscii("♥", true) shouldBe Ok(listOf<UByte>(0xd3u))
+        }
 
-        assertThat(Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(72, 0xd7, 0x5c, 0xfa, 0x12), true), equalTo("hW£✓\uF11A"))
-        assertFailsWith<ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException> { Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(-1), true) }
-        assertFailsWith<ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException> { Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(256), true) }
+        Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(72u, 0xd7u, 0x5cu, 0xfau, 0x12u), true) shouldBe "hW£✓\uF11A"
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testUppercase() {
-        assertThat(Petscii.encodePetscii("HELLO 123 @!£"), equalTo(
-                Ok(listOf<Short>(72, 69, 76, 76, 79, 32, 49, 50, 51, 32, 64, 33, 0x5c))))
-        assertThat(Petscii.encodePetscii("\uf11a"), equalTo(Ok(listOf<Short>(0x12))))   // reverse vid
-        assertThat(Petscii.encodePetscii("♥"), equalTo(Ok(listOf<Short>(0xd3))))
-        assertThat(Petscii.encodePetscii("π"), equalTo(Ok(listOf<Short>(0xff))))
-        assertThat("expecting fallback", Petscii.encodePetscii("✓"), equalTo(Ok(listOf<Short>(250))))
+    test("testUppercase") {
+        Petscii.encodePetscii("HELLO 123 @!£") shouldBe
+                Ok(listOf<UByte>(72u, 69u, 76u, 76u, 79u, 32u, 49u, 50u, 51u, 32u, 64u, 33u, 0x5cu))
+        Petscii.encodePetscii("\uf11a") shouldBe Ok(listOf<UByte>(0x12u))   // reverse vid
+        Petscii.encodePetscii("♥") shouldBe Ok(listOf<UByte>(0xd3u))
+        Petscii.encodePetscii("π") shouldBe Ok(listOf<UByte>(0xffu))
+        withClue("expecting fallback") {
+            Petscii.encodePetscii("✓") shouldBe Ok(listOf<UByte>(250u))
+        }
 
-        assertThat(Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(72, 0x5c, 0xd3, 0xff)), equalTo("H£♥π"))
-        assertFailsWith<ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException> { Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(-1)) }
-        assertFailsWith<ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException> { Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(256)) }
+        Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(72u, 0x5cu, 0xd3u, 0xffu)) shouldBe "H£♥π"
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testScreencodeLowercase() {
-        assertThat(Petscii.encodeScreencode("hello WORLD 123 @!£", true), equalTo(
-                Ok(listOf<Short>(0x08, 0x05, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0f, 0x20, 0x57, 0x4f, 0x52, 0x4c, 0x44, 0x20, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x20, 0x00, 0x21, 0x1c))
-        ))
-        assertThat(Petscii.encodeScreencode("✓", true), equalTo(Ok(listOf<Short>(0x7a))))
-        assertThat("expect fallback", Petscii.encodeScreencode("♥", true), equalTo(Ok(listOf<Short>(83))))
-        assertThat("expect fallback", Petscii.encodeScreencode("π", true), equalTo(Ok(listOf<Short>(94))))
+    test("testScreencodeLowercase") {
+        Petscii.encodeScreencode("hello WORLD 123 @!£", true) shouldBe
+                Ok(listOf<UByte>(0x08u, 0x05u, 0x0cu, 0x0cu, 0x0fu, 0x20u, 0x57u, 0x4fu, 0x52u, 0x4cu, 0x44u, 0x20u, 0x31u, 0x32u, 0x33u, 0x20u, 0x00u, 0x21u, 0x1cu))
+        Petscii.encodeScreencode("✓", true) shouldBe Ok(listOf<UByte>(0x7au))
+        withClue("expect fallback") {
+            Petscii.encodeScreencode("♥", true) shouldBe Ok(listOf<UByte>(83u))
+            Petscii.encodeScreencode("π", true) shouldBe Ok(listOf<UByte>(94u))
+        }
 
-        assertThat(Petscii.decodeScreencode(listOf(0x08, 0x57, 0x1c, 0x7a), true), equalTo("hW£✓"))
-        assertFailsWith<ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException> { Petscii.decodeScreencode(listOf(-1), true) }
-        assertFailsWith<ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException> { Petscii.decodeScreencode(listOf(256), true) }
+        Petscii.decodeScreencode(listOf(0x08u, 0x57u, 0x1cu, 0x7au), true) shouldBe "hW£✓"
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testScreencodeUppercase() {
-        assertThat(Petscii.encodeScreencode("WORLD 123 @!£"), equalTo(
-                Ok(listOf<Short>(0x17, 0x0f, 0x12, 0x0c, 0x04, 0x20, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x20, 0x00, 0x21, 0x1c))))
-        assertThat(Petscii.encodeScreencode("♥"), equalTo(Ok(listOf<Short>(0x53))))
-        assertThat(Petscii.encodeScreencode("π"), equalTo(Ok(listOf<Short>(0x5e))))
-        assertThat(Petscii.encodeScreencode("HELLO"), equalTo(Ok(listOf<Short>(8, 5, 12, 12, 15))))
-        assertThat("expecting fallback", Petscii.encodeScreencode("hello"), equalTo(Ok(listOf<Short>(8, 5, 12, 12, 15))))
-        assertThat("expecting fallback", Petscii.encodeScreencode("✓"), equalTo(Ok(listOf<Short>(122))))
+    test("testScreencodeUppercase") {
+        Petscii.encodeScreencode("WORLD 123 @!£") shouldBe
+                Ok(listOf<UByte>(0x17u, 0x0fu, 0x12u, 0x0cu, 0x04u, 0x20u, 0x31u, 0x32u, 0x33u, 0x20u, 0x00u, 0x21u, 0x1cu))
+        Petscii.encodeScreencode("♥") shouldBe Ok(listOf<UByte>(0x53u))
+        Petscii.encodeScreencode("π") shouldBe Ok(listOf<UByte>(0x5eu))
+        Petscii.encodeScreencode("HELLO") shouldBe Ok(listOf<UByte>(8u, 5u, 12u, 12u, 15u))
+        withClue("expecting fallback") {
+            Petscii.encodeScreencode("hello") shouldBe Ok(listOf<UByte>(8u, 5u, 12u, 12u, 15u))
+            Petscii.encodeScreencode("✓") shouldBe Ok(listOf<UByte>(122u))
+        }
 
-        assertThat(Petscii.decodeScreencode(listOf(0x17, 0x1c, 0x53, 0x5e)), equalTo("W£♥π"))
-        assertFailsWith<ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException> { Petscii.decodeScreencode(listOf(-1)) }
-        assertFailsWith<ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException> { Petscii.decodeScreencode(listOf(256)) }
+        Petscii.decodeScreencode(listOf(0x17u, 0x1cu, 0x53u, 0x5eu)) shouldBe "W£♥π"
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testLiteralValueComparisons() {
-        val ten = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UWORD, 10, Position.DUMMY)
-        val nine = NumericLiteralValue(DataType.UBYTE, 9, Position.DUMMY)
-        assertEquals(ten, ten)
-        assertNotEquals(ten, nine)
-        assertFalse(ten != ten)
-        assertTrue(ten != nine)
-
-        assertTrue(ten > nine)
-        assertTrue(ten >= nine)
-        assertTrue(ten >= ten)
-        assertFalse(ten > ten)
-
-        assertFalse(ten < nine)
-        assertFalse(ten <= nine)
-        assertTrue(ten <= ten)
-        assertFalse(ten < ten)
-
-        val abc = StringLiteralValue("abc", false, Position.DUMMY)
-        val abd = StringLiteralValue("abd", false, Position.DUMMY)
-        assertEquals(abc, abc)
-        assertTrue(abc!=abd)
-        assertFalse(abc!=abc)
+    test("testErrorCases") {
+        Petscii.encodePetscii("~", true).expectError { "shouldn't be able to encode tilde" }
+        Petscii.encodePetscii("~", false).expectError { "shouldn't be able to encode tilde" }
+        Petscii.encodeScreencode("~", true).expectError { "shouldn't be able to encode tilde" }
+        Petscii.encodeScreencode("~", false).expectError { "shouldn't be able to encode tilde" }
     }
-}
+
+    test("testSpecialReplacements") {
+        fun encodeP(c: Char, lower: Boolean) = Petscii.encodePetscii(c.toString(), lower).getOrElse { throw it }.single()
+        fun encodeS(c: Char, lower: Boolean) = Petscii.encodeScreencode(c.toString(), lower).getOrElse { throw it }.single()
+
+        Petscii.encodePetscii("`", false).expectError { "shouldn't have translation for backtick" }
+        Petscii.encodePetscii("`", true).expectError { "shouldn't have translation for backtick" }
+        Petscii.encodePetscii("~", false).expectError { "shouldn't have translation for tilde" }
+        Petscii.encodePetscii("~", true).expectError { "shouldn't have translation for tilde" }
+
+        encodeP('^', false) shouldBe 94u
+        encodeP('^', true) shouldBe 94u
+        encodeS('^', false) shouldBe 30u
+        encodeS('^', true) shouldBe 30u
+        encodeP('_', false) shouldBe 228u
+        encodeP('_', true) shouldBe 228u
+        encodeS('_', false) shouldBe 100u
+        encodeS('_', true) shouldBe 100u
+        encodeP('{', false) shouldBe 243u
+        encodeP('{', true) shouldBe 243u
+        encodeS('{', false) shouldBe 115u
+        encodeS('{', true) shouldBe 115u
+        encodeP('}', false) shouldBe 235u
+        encodeP('}', true) shouldBe 235u
+        encodeS('}', false) shouldBe 107u
+        encodeS('}', true) shouldBe 107u
+        encodeP('|', false) shouldBe 221u
+        encodeP('|', true) shouldBe 221u
+        encodeS('|', false) shouldBe 93u
+        encodeS('|', true) shouldBe 93u
+        encodeP('\\', false) shouldBe 205u
+        encodeP('\\', true) shouldBe 205u
+        encodeS('\\', false) shouldBe 77u
+        encodeS('\\', true) shouldBe 77u
+    }
+
+    test("testBoxDrawingCharsEncoding") {
+        fun encodeP(c: Char, lower: Boolean) = Petscii.encodePetscii(c.toString(), lower).getOrElse { throw it }.single()
+        fun encodeS(c: Char, lower: Boolean) = Petscii.encodeScreencode(c.toString(), lower).getOrElse { throw it }.single()
+
+        // pipe char
+        encodeP('|', false) shouldBe 221u
+        encodeP('|', true) shouldBe 221u
+        encodeS('|', false) shouldBe 93u
+        encodeS('|', true) shouldBe 93u
+        // ... same as '│', 0x7D -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL
+        encodeP('│', false) shouldBe 221u
+        encodeP('│', true) shouldBe 221u
+        encodeS('│', false) shouldBe 93u
+        encodeS('│', true) shouldBe 93u
+
+        // underscore
+        encodeP('_', false) shouldBe 228u
+        encodeP('_', true) shouldBe 228u
+        encodeS('_', false) shouldBe 100u
+        encodeS('_', true) shouldBe 100u
+        // ... same as '▁',  0xE4 LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK
+        encodeP('▁', false) shouldBe 228u
+        encodeP('▁', true) shouldBe 228u
+        encodeS('▁', false) shouldBe 100u
+        encodeS('▁', true) shouldBe 100u
+
+        // ─    0xC0 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL
+        encodeP('─', false) shouldBe 192u
+        encodeP('─', true) shouldBe 192u
+        encodeS('─', false) shouldBe 64u
+        encodeS('─', true) shouldBe 64u
+        // │    0x62 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL
+        encodeP('│', false) shouldBe 221u
+        encodeP('│', true) shouldBe 221u
+        encodeS('│', false) shouldBe 93u
+        encodeS('│', true) shouldBe 93u
+    }
+
+    test("testBoxDrawingCharsDecoding") {
+        // ─    0xC0 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL
+        Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(195u), false).single() shouldBe '\uf13b' //"BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL ONE EIGHTH UP (CUS)"
+        Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(195u), true).single() shouldBe 'C'
+        Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(192u), false).single() shouldBe '─'
+        Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(192u), true).single() shouldBe '─'
+        Petscii.decodeScreencode(listOf(67u), false).single() shouldBe '\uf13b' //"BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL ONE EIGHTH UP (CUS)"
+        Petscii.decodeScreencode(listOf(67u), true).single() shouldBe 'C'
+        Petscii.decodeScreencode(listOf(64u), false).single() shouldBe '─'
+        Petscii.decodeScreencode(listOf(64u), true).single() shouldBe '─'
+
+        // │    0x62 -> BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL
+        Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(125u), false).single() shouldBe '│'
+        Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(125u), true).single() shouldBe '│'
+        Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(221u), false).single() shouldBe '│'
+        Petscii.decodePetscii(listOf(221u), true).single() shouldBe '│'
+        Petscii.decodeScreencode(listOf(93u), false).single() shouldBe '│'
+        Petscii.decodeScreencode(listOf(93u), true).single() shouldBe '│'
+        Petscii.decodeScreencode(listOf(66u), false).single() shouldBe '\uf13c' // "BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL ONE EIGHTH LEFT (CUS)"
+        Petscii.decodeScreencode(listOf(66u), true).single() shouldBe 'B'
+    }
+
+})

compiler/test/TestScoping.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+package prog8tests
+
+import io.kotest.assertions.withClue
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import io.kotest.matchers.string.shouldContain
+import io.kotest.matchers.types.instanceOf
+import io.kotest.matchers.types.shouldBeSameInstanceAs
+import prog8.ast.GlobalNamespace
+import prog8.ast.base.ParentSentinel
+import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
+import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
+import prog8tests.helpers.ErrorReporterForTests
+import prog8tests.helpers.assertFailure
+import prog8tests.helpers.assertSuccess
+import prog8tests.helpers.compileText
+
+
+class TestScoping: FunSpec({
+
+    test("modules parent is global namespace") {
+        val src = """
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                }
+            }
+        """
+
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, false, src, writeAssembly = false).assertSuccess()
+        val module = result.program.toplevelModule
+        module.parent shouldBe instanceOf<GlobalNamespace>()
+        module.program shouldBeSameInstanceAs result.program
+        module.parent.parent shouldBe instanceOf<ParentSentinel>()
+    }
+
+    test("anon scope vars moved into subroutine scope") {
+        val src = """
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                    repeat {
+                        ubyte xx = 99
+                        xx++
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """
+
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, false, src, writeAssembly = false).assertSuccess()
+        val module = result.program.toplevelModule
+        val mainBlock = module.statements.single() as Block
+        val start = mainBlock.statements.single() as Subroutine
+        val repeatbody = start.statements.filterIsInstance<RepeatLoop>().single().body
+        withClue("no vars moved to main block") {
+            mainBlock.statements.any { it is VarDecl } shouldBe false
+        }
+        val subroutineVars = start.statements.filterIsInstance<VarDecl>()
+        withClue("var from repeat anonscope must be moved up to subroutine") {
+            subroutineVars.size shouldBe 1
+        }
+        subroutineVars[0].name shouldBe "xx"
+        withClue("var should have been removed from repeat anonscope") {
+            repeatbody.statements.any { it is VarDecl } shouldBe false
+        }
+        val initassign = repeatbody.statements[0] as? Assignment
+        withClue("vardecl in repeat should be replaced by init assignment") {
+            initassign?.target?.identifier?.nameInSource shouldBe listOf("xx")
+        }
+        withClue("vardecl in repeat should be replaced by init assignment") {
+            (initassign?.value as? NumericLiteralValue)?.number?.toInt() shouldBe 99
+        }
+        repeatbody.statements[1] shouldBe instanceOf<PostIncrDecr>()
+    }
+
+    test("labels with anon scopes") {
+        val src = """
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                    uword addr
+                    goto labeloutside
+        
+                    if true {
+                        if true {
+                            addr = &iflabel
+                            addr = &labelinside
+                            addr = &labeloutside
+                            addr = &main.start.nested.nestedlabel
+                            goto labeloutside
+                            goto iflabel
+                            goto main.start.nested.nestedlabel
+                        }
+            iflabel:
+                    }
+        
+                    repeat {
+                        addr = &iflabel
+                        addr = &labelinside
+                        addr = &labeloutside
+                        addr = &main.start.nested.nestedlabel
+                        goto iflabel
+                        goto labelinside
+                        goto main.start.nested.nestedlabel
+            labelinside:
+                    }
+
+                    sub nested () {
+            nestedlabel:
+                        addr = &nestedlabel
+                        goto nestedlabel
+                        goto main.start.nested.nestedlabel
+                    }
+
+            labeloutside:
+                    addr = &iflabel
+                    addr = &labelinside
+                    addr = &labeloutside
+                    addr = &main.start.nested.nestedlabel
+                    goto main.start.nested.nestedlabel
+                }
+            }
+        """
+
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, false, src, writeAssembly = true).assertSuccess()
+        val module = result.program.toplevelModule
+        val mainBlock = module.statements.single() as Block
+        val start = mainBlock.statements.single() as Subroutine
+        val labels = start.statements.filterIsInstance<Label>()
+        withClue("only one label in subroutine scope") {
+            labels.size shouldBe 1
+        }
+    }
+
+    test("good subroutine call without qualified names") {
+        val text="""
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                    routine() 
+                    routine2()
+                    
+                    sub routine2() {
+                    }
+                }
+                sub routine() {
+                    start()
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        compileText(C64Target, false, text, writeAssembly = false).assertSuccess()
+    }
+
+    test("wrong subroutine call without qualified names") {
+        val text="""
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                    sub routine2() {
+                    }
+                }
+                sub routine() {
+                    routine2()
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        val errors= ErrorReporterForTests()
+        compileText(C64Target, false, text, writeAssembly = false, errors = errors).assertFailure()
+        errors.errors.size shouldBe 1
+        errors.errors[0] shouldContain "undefined symbol: routine2"
+    }
+
+    test("good subroutine calls with qualified names (from root)") {
+        val text="""
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                    main.routine() 
+                    main.start.routine2()
+                    
+                    sub routine2() {
+                    }
+                }
+                sub routine() {
+                    main.start.routine2()
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        compileText(C64Target, false, text, writeAssembly = false).assertSuccess()
+    }
+
+    test("wrong subroutine calls with qualified names (not from root)") {
+        val text="""
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                    start.routine2()     
+                    wrong.start.routine2()
+                    sub routine2() {
+                    }
+                }
+                sub routine() {
+                    start.routine2()
+                    wrong.start.routine2()
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        val errors= ErrorReporterForTests()
+        compileText(C64Target, false, text, writeAssembly = false, errors=errors).assertFailure()
+        errors.errors.size shouldBe 4
+        errors.errors[0] shouldContain "undefined symbol: start.routine2"
+        errors.errors[1] shouldContain "undefined symbol: wrong.start.routine2"
+        errors.errors[2] shouldContain "undefined symbol: start.routine2"
+        errors.errors[3] shouldContain "undefined symbol: wrong.start.routine2"
+    }
+
+    test("good variables without qualified names") {
+        val text="""
+            main {
+                ubyte v1
+                
+                sub start() {
+                    ubyte v2
+                    v1=1
+                    v2=2
+                    
+                    sub routine2() {
+                        ubyte v3
+                        v1=1
+                        v2=2
+                        v3=3
+                    }
+                }
+                sub routine() {
+                    ubyte v4
+                    v1=1
+                    v4=4
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        compileText(C64Target, false, text, writeAssembly = false).assertSuccess()
+    }
+
+    test("wrong variables without qualified names") {
+        val text="""
+            main {
+                ubyte v1
+                
+                sub start() {
+                    ubyte v2
+                    v1=1
+                    v2=2
+                    v3=3    ; can't access
+                    v4=4    ; can't access
+                    sub routine2() {
+                        ubyte v3
+                        v1=1
+                        v2=2
+                        v3=3
+                        v4=3    ;can't access
+                    }
+                }
+                sub routine() {
+                    ubyte v4
+                    v1=1
+                    v2=2    ; can't access
+                    v3=3    ; can't access
+                    v4=4
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        val errors= ErrorReporterForTests()
+        compileText(C64Target, false, text, writeAssembly = false, errors=errors).assertFailure()
+        errors.errors.size shouldBe 5
+        errors.errors[0] shouldContain "undefined symbol: v3"
+        errors.errors[1] shouldContain "undefined symbol: v4"
+        errors.errors[2] shouldContain "undefined symbol: v4"
+        errors.errors[3] shouldContain "undefined symbol: v2"
+        errors.errors[4] shouldContain "undefined symbol: v3"
+    }
+
+    test("good variable refs with qualified names (from root)") {
+        val text="""
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                    uword xx 
+                    xx = &main.routine
+                    main.routine(5)
+                    main.routine.value = 5
+                    main.routine.arg = 5
+                    xx = &main.routine.nested
+                    main.routine.nested(5)
+                    main.routine.nested.nestedvalue = 5
+                    main.routine.nested.arg2 = 5
+                }
+                
+                sub routine(ubyte arg) {
+                    ubyte value
+                    
+                    sub nested(ubyte arg2) {
+                        ubyte nestedvalue
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        compileText(C64Target, false, text, writeAssembly = false).assertSuccess()
+    }
+
+    test("wrong variable refs with qualified names 1 (not from root)") {
+        val text="""
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                    uword xx 
+                    xx = &routine
+                    routine(5)
+                    routine.value = 5
+                    routine.arg = 5
+                    routine.nested.arg2 = 5
+                    routine.nested.nestedvalue = 5
+                    nested.nestedvalue = 5
+                }
+                
+                sub routine(ubyte arg) {
+                    ubyte value
+                    
+                    sub nested(ubyte arg2) {
+                        ubyte nestedvalue
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        val errors= ErrorReporterForTests()
+        compileText(C64Target, false, text, writeAssembly = false, errors=errors).assertFailure()
+        errors.errors.size shouldBe 5
+        errors.errors[0] shouldContain "undefined symbol: routine.value"
+        errors.errors[1] shouldContain "undefined symbol: routine.arg"
+        errors.errors[2] shouldContain "undefined symbol: routine.nested.arg2"
+        errors.errors[3] shouldContain "undefined symbol: routine.nested.nestedvalue"
+        errors.errors[4] shouldContain "undefined symbol: nested.nestedvalue"
+    }
+})

compiler/test/TestSubroutines.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+package prog8tests
+
+import io.kotest.assertions.withClue
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldNotBe
+import io.kotest.matchers.string.shouldContain
+import io.kotest.matchers.types.instanceOf
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
+import prog8.ast.expressions.*
+import prog8.ast.statements.*
+import prog8.compiler.printProgram
+import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
+import prog8tests.helpers.ErrorReporterForTests
+import prog8tests.helpers.assertFailure
+import prog8tests.helpers.assertSuccess
+import prog8tests.helpers.compileText
+
+
+class TestSubroutines: FunSpec({
+
+    test("stringParameter") {
+        val text = """
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                    str text = "test"
+                    
+                    asmfunc("text")
+                    asmfunc(text)
+                    asmfunc($2000)
+                    func("text")
+                    func(text)
+                    func($2000)
+                }
+                
+                asmsub asmfunc(str thing @AY) {
+                }
+
+                sub func(str thing) {
+                    uword t2 = thing as uword
+                    asmfunc(thing)
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, false, text, writeAssembly = false).assertSuccess()
+        val module = result.program.toplevelModule
+        val mainBlock = module.statements.single() as Block
+        val asmfunc = mainBlock.statements.filterIsInstance<Subroutine>().single { it.name=="asmfunc"}
+        val func = mainBlock.statements.filterIsInstance<Subroutine>().single { it.name=="func"}
+        asmfunc.isAsmSubroutine shouldBe true
+        asmfunc.parameters.single().type shouldBe DataType.STR
+        asmfunc.statements.isEmpty() shouldBe true
+        func.isAsmSubroutine shouldBe false
+        withClue("str param for normal subroutine should be changed into UWORD") {
+            func.parameters.single().type shouldBe DataType.UWORD
+            func.statements.size shouldBe 4
+            val paramvar = func.statements[0] as VarDecl
+            paramvar.name shouldBe "thing"
+            paramvar.datatype shouldBe DataType.UWORD
+        }
+        val assign = func.statements[2] as Assignment
+        assign.target.identifier!!.nameInSource shouldBe listOf("t2")
+        withClue("str param in function body should have been transformed into just uword assignment") {
+            assign.value shouldBe instanceOf<IdentifierReference>()
+        }
+        val call = func.statements[3] as FunctionCallStatement
+        call.target.nameInSource.single() shouldBe "asmfunc"
+        withClue("str param in function body should not be transformed by normal compiler steps") {
+            call.args.single() shouldBe instanceOf<IdentifierReference>()
+        }
+        (call.args.single() as IdentifierReference).nameInSource.single() shouldBe "thing"
+    }
+
+    test("stringParameterAsmGen") {
+        val text = """
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                    str text = "test"
+                    
+                    asmfunc("text")
+                    asmfunc(text)
+                    asmfunc($2000)
+                    func("text")
+                    func(text)
+                    func($2000)
+                }
+                
+                asmsub asmfunc(str thing @AY) {
+                }
+
+                sub func(str thing) {
+                    uword t2 = thing as uword
+                    asmfunc(thing)
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, false, text, writeAssembly = true).assertSuccess()
+        val module = result.program.toplevelModule
+        val mainBlock = module.statements.single() as Block
+        val asmfunc = mainBlock.statements.filterIsInstance<Subroutine>().single { it.name=="asmfunc"}
+        val func = mainBlock.statements.filterIsInstance<Subroutine>().single { it.name=="func"}
+        asmfunc.isAsmSubroutine shouldBe true
+        asmfunc.parameters.single().type shouldBe DataType.STR
+        asmfunc.statements.single() shouldBe instanceOf<Return>()
+        func.isAsmSubroutine shouldBe false
+        withClue("asmgen should have changed str to uword type") {
+            func.parameters.single().type shouldBe DataType.UWORD
+        }
+        asmfunc.statements.last() shouldBe instanceOf<Return>()
+
+        func.statements.size shouldBe 5
+        func.statements[4] shouldBe instanceOf<Return>()
+        val paramvar = func.statements[0] as VarDecl
+        paramvar.name shouldBe "thing"
+        withClue("pre-asmgen should have changed str to uword type") {
+            paramvar.datatype shouldBe DataType.UWORD
+        }
+        val assign = func.statements[2] as Assignment
+        assign.target.identifier!!.nameInSource shouldBe listOf("t2")
+        withClue("str param in function body should be treated as plain uword before asmgen") {
+            assign.value shouldBe instanceOf<IdentifierReference>()
+        }
+        (assign.value as IdentifierReference).nameInSource.single() shouldBe "thing"
+        val call = func.statements[3] as FunctionCallStatement
+        call.target.nameInSource.single() shouldBe "asmfunc"
+        withClue("str param in function body should be treated as plain uword and not been transformed") {
+            call.args.single() shouldBe instanceOf<IdentifierReference>()
+        }
+        (call.args.single() as IdentifierReference).nameInSource.single() shouldBe "thing"
+    }
+
+    test("array param not yet allowd (but should perhaps be?)") {
+        // note: the *parser* accepts this as it is valid *syntax*,
+        // however, it's not (yet) valid for the compiler
+        val text = """
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                }
+                
+                asmsub asmfunc(ubyte[] thing @AY) {
+                }
+
+                sub func(ubyte[22] thing) {
+                }
+            }
+        """
+
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        compileText(C64Target, false, text, errors, false).assertFailure("currently array dt in signature is invalid")     // TODO should not be invalid?
+        errors.warnings.size shouldBe 0
+        errors.errors.single() shouldContain ".p8:9:16: Non-string pass-by-reference types cannot occur as a parameter type directly"
+    }
+
+    // TODO allow this?
+    xtest("arrayParameter") {
+        val text = """
+            main {
+                sub start() {
+                    ubyte[] array = [1,2,3]
+                    
+                    asmfunc(array)
+                    asmfunc([4,5,6])
+                    asmfunc($2000)
+                    asmfunc(12.345)
+                    func(array)
+                    func([4,5,6])
+                    func($2000)
+                    func(12.345)
+                }
+                
+                asmsub asmfunc(ubyte[] thing @AY) {
+                }
+
+                sub func(ubyte[22] thing) {
+                }
+            }
+        """
+
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, false, text, writeAssembly = false).assertSuccess()
+        val module = result.program.toplevelModule
+        val mainBlock = module.statements.single() as Block
+        val asmfunc = mainBlock.statements.filterIsInstance<Subroutine>().single { it.name=="asmfunc"}
+        val func = mainBlock.statements.filterIsInstance<Subroutine>().single { it.name=="func"}
+        asmfunc.isAsmSubroutine shouldBe true
+        asmfunc.parameters.single().type shouldBe DataType.ARRAY_UB
+        asmfunc.statements.isEmpty() shouldBe true
+        func.isAsmSubroutine shouldBe false
+        func.parameters.single().type shouldBe DataType.ARRAY_UB
+        func.statements.isEmpty() shouldBe true
+    }
+
+    test("uword param and normal varindexed as array work as DirectMemoryRead") {
+        val text="""
+            main {
+              sub thing(uword rr) {
+                ubyte @shared xx = rr[1]    ; should still work as var initializer that will be rewritten
+                ubyte @shared yy
+                yy = rr[2]
+                uword @shared other
+                ubyte zz = other[3]
+              }
+            
+              sub start() {
+                ubyte[] array=[1,2,3]
+                thing(array)
+              }
+            }
+        """
+
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, false, text, writeAssembly = true).assertSuccess()
+        val module = result.program.toplevelModule
+        val block = module.statements.single() as Block
+        val thing = block.statements.filterIsInstance<Subroutine>().single {it.name=="thing"}
+        block.name shouldBe "main"
+        thing.statements.size shouldBe 11          // rr paramdecl, xx, xx assign, yy decl, yy init 0, yy assign, other, other assign 0, zz, zz assign, return
+        val xx = thing.statements[1] as VarDecl
+        withClue("vardecl init values must have been moved to separate assignments") {
+            xx.value shouldBe null
+        }
+        val assignXX = thing.statements[2] as Assignment
+        val assignYY = thing.statements[5] as Assignment
+        val assignZZ = thing.statements[9] as Assignment
+        assignXX.target.identifier!!.nameInSource shouldBe listOf("xx")
+        assignYY.target.identifier!!.nameInSource shouldBe listOf("yy")
+        assignZZ.target.identifier!!.nameInSource shouldBe listOf("zz")
+        val valueXXexpr = (assignXX.value as DirectMemoryRead).addressExpression as BinaryExpression
+        val valueYYexpr = (assignYY.value as DirectMemoryRead).addressExpression as BinaryExpression
+        val valueZZexpr = (assignZZ.value as DirectMemoryRead).addressExpression as BinaryExpression
+        (valueXXexpr.left as IdentifierReference).nameInSource shouldBe listOf("rr")
+        (valueYYexpr.left as IdentifierReference).nameInSource shouldBe listOf("rr")
+        (valueZZexpr.left as IdentifierReference).nameInSource shouldBe listOf("other")
+        (valueXXexpr.right as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt() shouldBe 1
+        (valueYYexpr.right as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt() shouldBe 2
+        (valueZZexpr.right as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt() shouldBe 3
+    }
+
+    test("uword param and normal varindexed as array work as MemoryWrite") {
+        val text="""
+            main {
+              sub thing(uword rr) {
+                rr[10] = 42
+              }
+            
+              sub start() {
+                ubyte[] array=[1,2,3]
+                thing(array)
+              }
+            }
+        """
+
+        val result = compileText(C64Target, false, text, writeAssembly = true).assertSuccess()
+        val module = result.program.toplevelModule
+        val block = module.statements.single() as Block
+        val thing = block.statements.filterIsInstance<Subroutine>().single {it.name=="thing"}
+        block.name shouldBe "main"
+        thing.statements.size shouldBe 3   // "rr, rr assign, return void"
+        val assignRR = thing.statements[1] as Assignment
+        (assignRR.value as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt() shouldBe 42
+        val memwrite = assignRR.target.memoryAddress
+        memwrite shouldNotBe null
+        val addressExpr = memwrite!!.addressExpression as BinaryExpression
+        (addressExpr.left as IdentifierReference).nameInSource shouldBe listOf("rr")
+        addressExpr.operator shouldBe "+"
+        (addressExpr.right as NumericLiteralValue).number.toInt() shouldBe 10
+    }
+
+    test("invalid number of args check on normal subroutine") {
+        val text="""
+            main {
+              sub thing(ubyte a1, ubyte a2) {
+              }
+            
+              sub start() {
+                  thing(1)
+                  thing(1,2)
+                  thing(1,2,3)
+              }
+            }
+        """
+
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        compileText(C64Target, false, text, writeAssembly = false, errors=errors).assertFailure()
+        errors.errors.size shouldBe 2
+        errors.errors[0] shouldContain "7:24: invalid number of arguments"
+        errors.errors[1] shouldContain "9:24: invalid number of arguments"
+    }
+
+    test("invalid number of args check on asm subroutine") {
+        val text="""
+            main {
+              asmsub thing(ubyte a1 @A, ubyte a2 @Y) {
+              }
+            
+              sub start() {
+                  thing(1)
+                  thing(1,2)
+                  thing(1,2,3)
+              }
+            }
+        """
+
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        compileText(C64Target, false, text, writeAssembly = false, errors=errors).assertFailure()
+        errors.errors.size shouldBe 2
+        errors.errors[0] shouldContain "7:24: invalid number of arguments"
+        errors.errors[1] shouldContain "9:24: invalid number of arguments"
+    }
+
+    test("invalid number of args check on call to label and builtin func") {
+        val text="""
+            main {
+        label:            
+              sub start() {
+                  label()
+                  label(1)
+                  void rnd()
+                  void rnd(1)
+              }
+            }
+        """
+
+        val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+        compileText(C64Target, false, text, writeAssembly = false, errors=errors).assertFailure()
+        errors.errors.size shouldBe 2
+        errors.errors[0] shouldContain "cannot use arguments"
+        errors.errors[1] shouldContain "invalid number of arguments"
+    }
+})

compiler/test/ZeropageTests.kt

@@ -1,175 +1,233 @@
 package prog8tests
 
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInstance
+import io.kotest.assertions.throwables.shouldThrow
+import io.kotest.assertions.withClue
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.collections.shouldBeIn
+import io.kotest.matchers.collections.shouldNotBeIn
+import io.kotest.matchers.comparables.shouldBeGreaterThan
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
 import prog8.ast.base.DataType
-import prog8.compiler.*
+import prog8.ast.expressions.Expression
+import prog8.ast.statements.RegisterOrStatusflag
+import prog8.ast.statements.Subroutine
 import prog8.compiler.target.C64Target
 import prog8.compiler.target.Cx16Target
 import prog8.compiler.target.c64.C64MachineDefinition.C64Zeropage
 import prog8.compiler.target.cx16.CX16MachineDefinition.CX16Zeropage
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
-import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
-import kotlin.test.assertFalse
-import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import prog8.compilerinterface.*
+import prog8tests.helpers.ErrorReporterForTests
 
 
-@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
-class TestC64Zeropage {
+class TestAbstractZeropage: FunSpec({
 
-    private val errors = ErrorReporter()
+    class DummyCompilationTarget: ICompilationTarget {
+        override val name: String = "dummy"
+        override val machine: IMachineDefinition
+            get() = throw NotImplementedError("dummy")
 
-    @Test
-    fun testNames() {
+        override fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean): List<UByte> {
+            throw NotImplementedError("dummy")
+        }
+
+        override fun decodeString(bytes: List<UByte>, altEncoding: Boolean): String {
+            throw NotImplementedError("dummy")
+        }
+
+        override fun asmsubArgsEvalOrder(sub: Subroutine): List<Int> {
+            throw NotImplementedError("dummy")
+        }
+
+        override fun asmsubArgsHaveRegisterClobberRisk(args: List<Expression>,
+                                                       paramRegisters: List<RegisterOrStatusflag>): Boolean {
+            throw NotImplementedError("dummy")
+        }
+
+        override fun memorySize(dt: DataType): Int {
+            throw NotImplementedError("dummy")
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    class DummyZeropage(options: CompilationOptions) : Zeropage(options) {
+        override val SCRATCH_B1 = 0x10u
+        override val SCRATCH_REG = 0x11u
+        override val SCRATCH_W1 = 0x20u
+        override val SCRATCH_W2 = 0x30u
+
+        init {
+            free.addAll(0u..255u)
+
+            removeReservedFromFreePool()
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    test("testAbstractZeropage") {
+        val compTarget = DummyCompilationTarget()
+        val zp = DummyZeropage(
+            CompilationOptions(
+                OutputType.RAW,
+                LauncherType.NONE,
+                ZeropageType.FULL,
+                listOf((0x50u..0x5fu)),
+                false,
+                false,
+                compTarget
+            )
+        )
+        zp.free.size shouldBe 256-6-16
+    }
+
+})
+
+
+class TestC64Zeropage: FunSpec({
+
+    val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
+
+    test("testNames") {
         val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
 
         zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors)
         zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors)
         zp.allocate("varname", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors)
-        assertFailsWith<AssertionError> {
+        shouldThrow<IllegalArgumentException> {
             zp.allocate("varname", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors)
         }
         zp.allocate("varname2", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors)
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testZpFloatEnable() {
+    test("testZpFloatEnable") {
         val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
-        assertFailsWith<CompilerException> {
+        shouldThrow<InternalCompilerException> {
             zp.allocate("", DataType.FLOAT, null, errors)
         }
         val zp2 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE, emptyList(), true, false, C64Target))
-        assertFailsWith<CompilerException> {
+        shouldThrow<InternalCompilerException> {
             zp2.allocate("", DataType.FLOAT, null, errors)
         }
         val zp3 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, emptyList(), true, false, C64Target))
         zp3.allocate("", DataType.FLOAT, null, errors)
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testZpModesWithFloats() {
+    test("testZpModesWithFloats") {
         C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
         C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
         C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
         C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
         C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), true, false, C64Target))
         C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, emptyList(), true, false, C64Target))
-        assertFailsWith<CompilerException> {
+        shouldThrow<InternalCompilerException> {
             C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), true, false, C64Target))
         }
-        assertFailsWith<CompilerException> {
+        shouldThrow<InternalCompilerException> {
             C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE, emptyList(), true, false, C64Target))
         }
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testZpDontuse() {
+    test("testZpDontuse") {
         val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.DONTUSE, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
         println(zp.free)
-        assertEquals(0, zp.availableBytes())
-        assertFailsWith<CompilerException> {
+        zp.availableBytes() shouldBe 0
+        shouldThrow<InternalCompilerException> {
             zp.allocate("", DataType.BYTE, null, errors)
         }
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testFreeSpacesBytes() {
+    test("testFreeSpacesBytes") {
         val zp1 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), true, false, C64Target))
-        assertEquals(18, zp1.availableBytes())
+        zp1.availableBytes() shouldBe 18
         val zp2 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
-        assertEquals(85, zp2.availableBytes())
+        zp2.availableBytes() shouldBe 85
         val zp3 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
-        assertEquals(125, zp3.availableBytes())
+        zp3.availableBytes() shouldBe 125
         val zp4 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
-        assertEquals(238, zp4.availableBytes())
+        zp4.availableBytes() shouldBe 238
         zp4.allocate("test", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors)
-        assertEquals(237, zp4.availableBytes())
+        zp4.availableBytes() shouldBe 237
         zp4.allocate("test2", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors)
-        assertEquals(236, zp4.availableBytes())
+        zp4.availableBytes() shouldBe 236
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testFreeSpacesWords() {
+    test("testFreeSpacesWords") {
         val zp1 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), true, false, C64Target))
-        assertEquals(6, zp1.availableWords())
+        zp1.availableWords() shouldBe 6
         val zp2 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FLOATSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
-        assertEquals(38, zp2.availableWords())
+        zp2.availableWords() shouldBe 38
         val zp3 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
-        assertEquals(57, zp3.availableWords())
+        zp3.availableWords() shouldBe 57
         val zp4 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
-        assertEquals(116, zp4.availableWords())
+        zp4.availableWords() shouldBe 116
         zp4.allocate("test", DataType.UWORD, null, errors)
-        assertEquals(115, zp4.availableWords())
+        zp4.availableWords() shouldBe 115
         zp4.allocate("test2", DataType.UWORD, null, errors)
-        assertEquals(114, zp4.availableWords())
+        zp4.availableWords() shouldBe 114
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testReservedSpace() {
+    test("testReservedSpace") {
         val zp1 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
-        assertEquals(238, zp1.availableBytes())
-        assertTrue(50 in zp1.free)
-        assertTrue(100 in zp1.free)
-        assertTrue(49 in zp1.free)
-        assertTrue(101 in zp1.free)
-        assertTrue(200 in zp1.free)
-        assertTrue(255 in zp1.free)
-        assertTrue(199 in zp1.free)
-        val zp2 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, listOf(50 .. 100, 200..255), false, false, C64Target))
-        assertEquals(139, zp2.availableBytes())
-        assertFalse(50 in zp2.free)
-        assertFalse(100 in zp2.free)
-        assertTrue(49 in zp2.free)
-        assertTrue(101 in zp2.free)
-        assertFalse(200 in zp2.free)
-        assertFalse(255 in zp2.free)
-        assertTrue(199 in zp2.free)
+        zp1.availableBytes() shouldBe 238
+        50u shouldBeIn zp1.free
+        100u shouldBeIn zp1.free
+        49u shouldBeIn zp1.free
+        101u shouldBeIn zp1.free
+        200u shouldBeIn zp1.free
+        255u shouldBeIn zp1.free
+        199u shouldBeIn zp1.free
+        val zp2 = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, listOf(50u .. 100u, 200u..255u), false, false, C64Target))
+        zp2.availableBytes() shouldBe 139
+        50u shouldNotBeIn zp2.free
+        100u shouldNotBeIn zp2.free
+        49u shouldBeIn zp2.free
+        101u shouldBeIn zp2.free
+        200u shouldNotBeIn zp2.free
+        255u shouldNotBeIn zp2.free
+        199u shouldBeIn zp2.free
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testBasicsafeAllocation() {
+    test("testBasicsafeAllocation") {
         val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), true, false, C64Target))
-        assertEquals(18, zp.availableBytes())
-        assertTrue(zp.hasByteAvailable())
-        assertTrue(zp.hasWordAvailable())
+        zp.availableBytes() shouldBe 18
+        zp.hasByteAvailable() shouldBe true
+        zp.hasWordAvailable() shouldBe true
 
-        assertFailsWith<ZeropageDepletedError> {
+        shouldThrow<ZeropageDepletedError> {
             // in regular zp there aren't 5 sequential bytes free
             zp.allocate("", DataType.FLOAT, null, errors)
         }
 
         for (i in 0 until zp.availableBytes()) {
             val loc = zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors)
-            assertTrue(loc > 0)
+            loc shouldBeGreaterThan 0u
         }
-        assertEquals(0, zp.availableBytes())
-        assertFalse(zp.hasByteAvailable())
-        assertFalse(zp.hasWordAvailable())
-        assertFailsWith<ZeropageDepletedError> {
+        zp.availableBytes() shouldBe 0
+        zp.hasByteAvailable() shouldBe false
+        zp.hasWordAvailable() shouldBe false
+        shouldThrow<ZeropageDepletedError> {
             zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors)
         }
-        assertFailsWith<ZeropageDepletedError> {
+        shouldThrow<ZeropageDepletedError> {
             zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null, errors)
         }
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testFullAllocation() {
+    test("testFullAllocation") {
         val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
-        assertEquals(238, zp.availableBytes())
-        assertTrue(zp.hasByteAvailable())
-        assertTrue(zp.hasWordAvailable())
+        zp.availableBytes() shouldBe 238
+        zp.hasByteAvailable() shouldBe true
+        zp.hasWordAvailable() shouldBe true
         val loc = zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null, errors)
-        assertTrue(loc > 3)
-        assertFalse(loc in zp.free)
+        loc shouldBeGreaterThan 3u
+        loc shouldNotBeIn zp.free
         val num = zp.availableBytes() / 2
 
         for(i in 0..num-4) {
             zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null, errors)
         }
-        assertEquals(6,zp.availableBytes())
+        zp.availableBytes() shouldBe 6
 
-        assertFailsWith<ZeropageDepletedError> {
+        shouldThrow<ZeropageDepletedError> {
             // can't allocate because no more sequential bytes, only fragmented
             zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null, errors)
         }
@@ -178,88 +236,85 @@ class TestC64Zeropage {
             zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors)
         }
 
-        assertEquals(0, zp.availableBytes())
-        assertFalse(zp.hasByteAvailable())
-        assertFalse(zp.hasWordAvailable())
-        assertFailsWith<ZeropageDepletedError> {
+        zp.availableBytes() shouldBe 0
+        zp.hasByteAvailable() shouldBe false
+        zp.hasWordAvailable() shouldBe false
+        shouldThrow<ZeropageDepletedError> {
             // no more space
             zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors)
         }
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testEfficientAllocation() {
+    test("testEfficientAllocation") {
         val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(),  true, false, C64Target))
-        assertEquals(18, zp.availableBytes())
-        assertEquals(0x04, zp.allocate("", DataType.WORD, null, errors))
-        assertEquals(0x06, zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors))
-        assertEquals(0x0a, zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors))
-        assertEquals(0x9b, zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null, errors))
-        assertEquals(0x9e, zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null, errors))
-        assertEquals(0xa5, zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null, errors))
-        assertEquals(0xb0, zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null, errors))
-        assertEquals(0xbe, zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null, errors))
-        assertEquals(0x0e, zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors))
-        assertEquals(0x92, zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors))
-        assertEquals(0x96, zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors))
-        assertEquals(0xf9, zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors))
-        assertEquals(0, zp.availableBytes())
+        zp.availableBytes() shouldBe 18
+        zp.allocate("", DataType.WORD, null, errors) shouldBe 0x04u
+        zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors) shouldBe 0x06u
+        zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors) shouldBe 0x0au
+        zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null, errors) shouldBe 0x9bu
+        zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null, errors) shouldBe 0x9eu
+        zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null, errors) shouldBe 0xa5u
+        zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null, errors) shouldBe 0xb0u
+        zp.allocate("", DataType.UWORD, null, errors) shouldBe 0xbeu
+        zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors) shouldBe 0x0eu
+        zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors) shouldBe 0x92u
+        zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors) shouldBe 0x96u
+        zp.allocate("", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors) shouldBe 0xf9u
+        zp.availableBytes() shouldBe 0
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testReservedLocations() {
+    test("testReservedLocations") {
         val zp = C64Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, C64Target))
-        assertEquals(zp.SCRATCH_REG, zp.SCRATCH_B1+1, "zp _B1 and _REG must be next to each other to create a word")
+        withClue("zp _B1 and _REG must be next to each other to create a word") {
+            zp.SCRATCH_B1 + 1u shouldBe zp.SCRATCH_REG
+        }
     }
-}
+})
 
 
-@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
-class TestCx16Zeropage {
-    private val errors = ErrorReporter()
+class TestCx16Zeropage: FunSpec({
+    val errors = ErrorReporterForTests()
 
-    @Test
-    fun testReservedLocations() {
+    test("testReservedLocations") {
         val zp = CX16Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, Cx16Target))
-        assertEquals(zp.SCRATCH_REG, zp.SCRATCH_B1+1, "zp _B1 and _REG must be next to each other to create a word")
+        withClue("zp _B1 and _REG must be next to each other to create a word") {
+            zp.SCRATCH_B1 + 1u shouldBe zp.SCRATCH_REG
+        }
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testFreeSpacesBytes() {
+    test("testFreeSpacesBytes") {
         val zp1 = CX16Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), true, false, Cx16Target))
-        assertEquals(88, zp1.availableBytes())
+        zp1.availableBytes() shouldBe 88
         val zp2 = CX16Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, Cx16Target))
-        assertEquals(175, zp2.availableBytes())
+        zp2.availableBytes() shouldBe 175
         val zp3 = CX16Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false, Cx16Target))
-        assertEquals(216, zp3.availableBytes())
+        zp3.availableBytes() shouldBe 216
         zp3.allocate("test", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors)
-        assertEquals(215, zp3.availableBytes())
+        zp3.availableBytes() shouldBe 215
         zp3.allocate("test2", DataType.UBYTE, null, errors)
-        assertEquals(214, zp3.availableBytes())
+        zp3.availableBytes() shouldBe 214
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testFreeSpacesWords() {
+    test("testFreeSpacesWords") {
         val zp1 = CX16Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false, Cx16Target))
-        assertEquals(108, zp1.availableWords())
+        zp1.availableWords() shouldBe 108
         val zp2 = CX16Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.KERNALSAFE, emptyList(), false, false, Cx16Target))
-        assertEquals(87, zp2.availableWords())
+        zp2.availableWords() shouldBe 87
         val zp3 = CX16Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.BASICSAFE, emptyList(), true, false, Cx16Target))
-        assertEquals(44, zp3.availableWords())
+        zp3.availableWords() shouldBe 44
         zp3.allocate("test", DataType.UWORD, null, errors)
-        assertEquals(43, zp3.availableWords())
+        zp3.availableWords() shouldBe 43
         zp3.allocate("test2", DataType.UWORD, null, errors)
-        assertEquals(42, zp3.availableWords())
+        zp3.availableWords() shouldBe 42
     }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testReservedSpace() {
+    test("testReservedSpace") {
         val zp1 = CX16Zeropage(CompilationOptions(OutputType.RAW, LauncherType.NONE, ZeropageType.FULL, emptyList(), false, false, Cx16Target))
-        assertEquals(216, zp1.availableBytes())
-        assertTrue(0x22 in zp1.free)
-        assertTrue(0x80 in zp1.free)
-        assertTrue(0xff in zp1.free)
-        assertFalse(0x02 in zp1.free)
-        assertFalse(0x21 in zp1.free)
+        zp1.availableBytes() shouldBe 216
+        0x22u shouldBeIn zp1.free
+        0x80u shouldBeIn zp1.free
+        0xffu shouldBeIn zp1.free
+        0x02u shouldNotBeIn zp1.free
+        0x21u shouldNotBeIn zp1.free
     }
-}
+})

compiler/test/helpers/Dummies.kt

@@ -1,21 +1,36 @@
 package prog8tests.helpers
 
 import prog8.ast.IBuiltinFunctions
-import prog8.ast.IMemSizer
+import prog8.ast.base.DataType
 import prog8.ast.base.Position
 import prog8.ast.expressions.Expression
 import prog8.ast.expressions.InferredTypes
 import prog8.ast.expressions.NumericLiteralValue
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IMemSizer
+import prog8.compilerinterface.IStringEncoding
 
-val DummyFunctions = object : IBuiltinFunctions {
+internal val DummyFunctions = object : IBuiltinFunctions {
     override val names: Set<String> = emptySet()
     override val purefunctionNames: Set<String> = emptySet()
     override fun constValue(
         name: String,
         args: List<Expression>,
         position: Position,
-        memsizer: IMemSizer
     ): NumericLiteralValue? = null
 
     override fun returnType(name: String, args: MutableList<Expression>) = InferredTypes.InferredType.unknown()
-}
+}
+
+internal val DummyMemsizer = object : IMemSizer {
+    override fun memorySize(dt: DataType) = 0
+}
+
+internal val DummyStringEncoder = object : IStringEncoding {
+    override fun encodeString(str: String, altEncoding: Boolean): List<UByte> {
+        return emptyList()
+    }
+
+    override fun decodeString(bytes: List<UByte>, altEncoding: Boolean): String {
+        return ""
+    }
+}