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Moved apple2.org here from go6502
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Zellyn Hunter
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docs/apple2.org
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277
docs/apple2.org
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Apple II notes
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** Memory Map
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|---------+-------------------------------------------|
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| Page | Use |
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|---------+-------------------------------------------|
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| $00 | Page Zero |
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| $01 | System stack |
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| $02 | Input buffer |
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| $03 | Monitor vector locations |
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| $04-$07 | Text/Lo-Res Primary |
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| $08-$0B | Text/Lo-Res Secondary |
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| $0C-$1F | Free RAM |
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| $20-$3F | Hires Primary |
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| $40-$5F | Hires Secondary |
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| $60-$BF | Free RAM |
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| $C0 | I/O and softswitches |
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| $C1-$C7 | ROM for seven peripheral cards |
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| $C8-$CF | switchable ROM for peripheral cards |
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| $D0-$D7 | empty ROM socket #1 / Programmer's Aid #1 |
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| $D8-$DF | empty ROM socket #2 |
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| $E0-$F7 | Integer BASIC ROM |
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| $F8-$FF | Monitor ROM |
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|---------+-------------------------------------------|
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* Integer Basic Map
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|-------------+---------------------------------|
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| Address | Use |
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|-------------+---------------------------------|
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| $E000-$F424 | BASIC |
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| $F425-$F4FB | Floating point math package 1/2 |
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| $F4FC-$F4FF | ??? (4 bytes) |
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| $F500-$F63C | Miniassembler |
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| $F63D-$F65D | Floating point math package 2/2 |
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| $F65E-$F665 | ??? (8 bytes) |
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| $F666-$F668 | Miniassembler entry point |
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| $F669-$F688 | ??? (32 bytes) |
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| $F689-$F7FC | SWEET 16 interpreter |
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| $F800-$FFFF | Monitor |
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|-------------+---------------------------------|
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* I/O and softswitches
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|---------+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| Address | Dec | Use |
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|---------+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| $C00X | -16384 | Read keyboard: High bit = key pressed |
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| $C01X | -16368 | Set to 0 to clear keyboard strobe |
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| $C01A | -16358 | Read: High bit 1 = TEXT switch "ON" |
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| $C01B | -16357 | Read: High bit 1 = MIXED switch "ON" |
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| $C01C | -16356 | Read: High bit 1 = PAGE2 switch "ON" |
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| $C01D | -16355 | Read: High bit 1 = HIRES switch "ON" |
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| $C02X | | Casette output toggle |
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| $C03X | -16336 | Speaker toggle |
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| $C04X | | Output strobe to Game I/O connector |
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| $C050 | -16304 | Set graphics mode |
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| $C051 | -16303 | Set text mode |
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| $C052 | -16302 | Set bottom 4 lines graphics |
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| $C053 | -16301 | Set bottom 4 lines text |
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| $C054 | -16300 | Display primary page |
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| $C055 | -16299 | Display secondary page |
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| $C056 | -16298 | Set HIRES graphics mode |
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| $C057 | -16297 | Set color graphics mode |
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| $CØ58 | -l6296 | Clear Game I/O ANØ output |
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| $CØ59 | -l6295 | Set Game I/O ANØ output |
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| $CØ5A | -l6294 | Clear Game I/O ANl output |
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| $CØ5B | -l6293 | Set Game I/O ANl output |
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| $CØ5C | -l6292 | Clear Game I/O AN2 output |
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| $CØ5D | -l629l | Set Game I/O AN2 output |
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| $CØ5E | -l629Ø | Clear Game I/O AN3 output |
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| $CØ5F | -l6289 | Set Game I/O AN3 output |
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| $C060/8 | | Tape in (bit 7) |
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| $C061/9 | -16287 | "SW1": PDL(0) switch: High bit 1 = "on" |
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| $C062/A | -16286 | "SW2": PDL(1) switch: High bit 1 = "on" |
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| $C063/B | -16285 | "SW3": PDL(2) switch: High bit 1 = "on" |
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| $C064/C | | Paddle 0 timer output: state of timer output in high bit |
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| $C065/D | | Paddle 1 timer output: state of timer output in high bit |
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| $C066/E | | Paddle 2 timer output: state of timer output in high bit |
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| $C067/F | | Paddle 3 timer output: state of timer output in high bit |
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| $C064 | | Paddle0 |
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| $C07X | | Trigger paddle timers during \Zero_2 |
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| $C08X | | Device select 0: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C09X | | Device select 1: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C0AX | | Device select 2: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C0BX | | Device select 3: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C0CX | | Device select 4: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C0DX | | Device select 5: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C0EX | | Device select 6: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C0FX | | Device select 7: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C10X | | Device select (8): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C11X | | Device select (9): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C12X | | Device select (A): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C13X | | Device select (B): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C14X | | Device select (C): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C15X | | Device select (D): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C16X | | Device select (E): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C17X | | Device select (F): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C1XX | | I/O Select 1: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C2XX | | I/O Select 2: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C3XX | | I/O Select 3: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C4XX | | I/O Select 4: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C5XX | | I/O Select 5: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C6XX | | I/O Select 6: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C7XX | | I/O Select 7: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C8XX | | I/O Select (8): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $C9XX | | I/O Select (9): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $CAXX | | I/O Select (A): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $CBXX | | I/O Select (B): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $CCXX | | I/O Select (C): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $CDXX | | I/O Select (D): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $CEXX | | I/O Select (E): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $CFXX | | I/O Select (F): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2 |
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| $CFFF | | switchable peripheral ROM - find out more |
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| | | |
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| | | |
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* Page 00
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|---------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------|
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| Address | Dec | Description |
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|---------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------|
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| $00-$1F | | Register area for "sweet 16" |
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| $18 | | (DOS) first track of data |
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| $19 | | (DOS) first sector of data |
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| $1A | | (DOS) number of sectors to load |
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| $1B | | (DOS) HIGH BYTE of buffer (LO is always 0) |
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| $1A/B | | Shape pointer used by DRAW and XDRAW |
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| $1C | | Last color used (HCOLOR converted to its color byte) |
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| $20 | 32 | Left edge of window (0-39) |
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| $21 | 33 | Width of the window (0 to 40 - Left) |
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| $22 | 34 | Top edge of window (0-23) |
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| $23 | 35 | Bottom of window (0-23) Bottom > Top |
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| $24 | 36 | HTAB: 0-39 |
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| $25 | 37 | VTAB: 0-23 |
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| $2B | 43 | Boot SLOT * 16 |
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| $2C | 44 | Lo-res line end-point |
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| $30 | 48 | Lores color * 17 |
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| $32 | 50 | Inverse($3F), Flash($7F), Normal($FF), Invisible($80) |
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| $33 | | Prompt-char |
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| $4A/B | 74-75 | LOMEM address (INT) |
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| $4C/D | 76-77 | HIMEM address (INT) |
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| $4E-$4F | 78-79 | 16-bit number, randomized with each key entry |
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| | 214 | Poke 255 to auto-run program |
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| | 212 | Error code flag in decimal |
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| | 216 | High bit set if error detected: zero to clear |
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| | 222 | Error code |
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| | 224-226 | HIRES GR X&Y coordinates |
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| $E4 | 228 | Color being used {0=0:42=1:85=2:127=3:128=4:170=5:213=6:255=7} |
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| $E6 | 230 | HIRES PLOTTING PAGE (32=1/64=2/96=3) |
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| $E7 | 231 | SCALE of shape |
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| $EA | 234 | COLLISION COUNTER for shapes |
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| | 241 | 256-SPEED |
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| $F3 | 243 | FLASH MASK |
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| $F9 | 249 | ROT |
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* Page 03
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|-------------+--------------------------------------|
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| Address | Description |
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|-------------+--------------------------------------|
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| $0320/1 | Low-endian HIRES X coordinate: 0-279 |
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| $0322 | HIRES Y coordinate: 0-159 |
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| $0324/5 | Start address of SHAPE TABLE |
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| $032C | COLOR for HIRES |
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| $03F8 | CTRL-Y in Monitor with JSR here |
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| $03FB | NMI |
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| $03FE-$03FF | IRQ sent to this address |
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| | |
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* Basic locations
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|---------+------+--------------------------------|
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| Address | Dec | Description |
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|---------+------+--------------------------------|
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| | 2049 | Set to 1 for "list protection" |
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* DOS routines
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|---------+-------+-------------|
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| Address | Dec | Description |
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|---------+-------+-------------|
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| | 42350 | Catalog |
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* Monitor routines
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|---------+-------+-------+------------------------------------------------------------|
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| Address | Dec | Dec | Description |
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|---------+-------+-------+------------------------------------------------------------|
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| | $F3D4 | -3116 | HGR2 |
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| | $F3DE | -3106 | HGR |
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| | $F3F2 | -3086 | CLEAR HIRES SCREEN |
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| | $F3F6 | -3082 | CLEAR HIRES SCREEN to HCOLOR |
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| | $FB2F | -1233 | TEXT |
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| | $FB40 | -1216 | GR |
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| | $FB60 | -1184 | PRINT "APPLE ][" |
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| | $FBE4 | -1052 | RING BELL |
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| | $FBF4 | -1036 | MOVE CURSOR RIGHT |
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| | $FC10 | -1008 | MOVE CURSOR LEFT |
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| | $FC1A | -998 | MOVE CURSOR UP 1 LINE |
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| | $FC58 | -936 | HOME |
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| | $FD0C | -756 | WAIT FOR KEYPRESS |
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| | $FD67 | -665 | GET a LINE of input with PROMPT, LINE FEED, and wait. |
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| | $FD6A | -662 | GET a LINE of input with PROMPT, NO LINE FEED, and wait. |
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| | $FD6F | -657 | GET a LINE of input with NO PROMPT or LINE FEED, and wait. |
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| | $FE80 | -384 | INVERSE |
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| | $FE84 | -380 | NORMAL |
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| | $FECA | -310 | WRITE to tape |
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| | $FEFD | -259 | READ from tape |
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** References
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- http://apple2history.org/history/ah03/
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- http://www.textfiles.com/apple/peekpk.txt
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- http://www.textfiles.com/apple/peekpoke.app
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- http://www.textfiles.com/apple/peeks.pokes.2
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- http://www.applefritter.com/node/24236
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- http://www.easy68k.com/paulrsm/6502/index.html - Information about firmware
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* Language card
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Install in slot 0.
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Replaces RAM chip in E3 with a cable to the card.
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Contains "autostart ROM"
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Adds Esc-ijkm movement
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Ctrl-S stop/start program listings
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** Autostart ROM details
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$3F0/1 Break vector: $59,$FA
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$3F2/3 Reset vector: $03, $E0 (for non-disk systems after power-up reset)
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$3F4 Powered up mask: $45
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** Memory details
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|-------------+-------------------------|
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| Address | Description |
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|-------------+-------------------------|
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| $D000-$DFFF | 4K bank-switched memory |
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| $E000-$F7FF | RAM |
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| $F800-$FFFF | Language card ROM |
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|-------------+-------------------------|
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* Control codes
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Bit 2 is ignored.
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Bit 3 chooses which RAM banks is switched in to $D000-$DFFF.
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When RAM is deselected (and write-enabled), it can be written but not read.
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When RAM is deselected, Language Card ROM is mapped to $F800-$FFFF.
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Power-on RESET initializes ROM to read mode, and RAM to write mode,
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and selects the second 4K bank for $D000-$DFFF.
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|----------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------|
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| Second 4K Bank | First 4K Bank | Description |
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|----------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------|
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| $C080 | $C088 | Select RAM read. Write-protect RAM |
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| $C081 | $C089 | Deselect RAM reaad (enable ROM) |
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| | | Two or more successive reads = write-enable RAM |
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| $C082 | $C08A | Deselect RAM read (enable ROM). Write-protect RAM |
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| $C083 | $C08B | Select RAM read. |
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| | | Two or more successive reads = write-enable RAM |
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|----------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------|
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* Revisions
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** II
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- Integer Basic
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- Revision 0
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- Only 4 hires colors: black, white, violet, green
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- Revision 1
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- 6 hires colors
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- Color killer
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- power-on-reset
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- auto-start
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- 24k memory map problem (?!)
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- keyboard strobe flip flop connected to reset
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** II+
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- Applesoft
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- Usually with 16k "Language Card"
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** IIe
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- 80-column card
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