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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<title>GSport - GSport AppleTalk</title>
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GSport: an Apple IIgs Emulator
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<h5>GSport</h5>
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<strong>Emulated Appletalk</strong>
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<a href="https://github.com/david-schmidt/gsport"><img src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/modules/logos_page/GitHub-Logo.png" width="100" alt="Get GSport at Github." /></a>
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<div class="section">
<h2>AppleTalk Emulation and Bridging for GSport<a name="AppleTalk_Emulation_and_Bridging_for_GSport"></a></h2>
<p>GSport now emulates the AppleTalk networking hardware found in the real Apple IIgs and bridges the networking packets to EtherTalk v2. GSport supports file sharing, printer sharing, and network booting features using Apple's original AppleTalk software, such as that shipped with GS/OS 6.0.1. Note that the original AppleTalk software is not directly compatible with modern software, and you will need a compatible file server, such as netatalk or A2SERVER.</p>
<div class="section">
<h3>Introduction<a name="Introduction"></a></h3>
<p>The Apple IIgs shipped with a fantastic but often overlooked feature -- AppleTalk networking. AppleTalk is a low-cost, easy-to-maintain network technology that enables network booting, file sharing, and printer sharing between your Apple IIgs, Workstation Card equipped Apple IIe, and classic Macintosh machines. As of March 2014, GSport is the first modern emulator with support for AppleTalk. Now, you can just &quot;drag and drop&quot; files between your machines without thinking about disk images, FTP, or serial cables. You can develop new software with an emulator and quickly test on real hardware. You don't need to think much about version control. Rather, you can update the file once on your file server, and all of your emulated and real machines have the new file. You can download the latest Apple II software and immediately run it.</p>
<p>Beware that Apple changed the meaning of the word &quot;AppleTalk.&quot; Originally, AppleTalk implied a physical layer using 3-pin MiniDIN shielded cables connected in a bus topology. As other physical layers such as Ethernet and TokenTalk became more affordable, Apple defined new terms. The term AppleTalk no longer implied MiniDIN cabling. Rather, AppleTalk became the overall term for Apple's approach to networking. LocalTalk refers to AppleTalk using the original MiniDIN physical and link layers. EtherTalk refers to AppleTalk using the Ethernet link and physical layers. TokenTalk refers to AppleTalk using the TokenRing link and physical layers. As the Internet became popular, Apple revised their approach to networking to use TCP/IP for the network and transport layers. The &quot;Internet modernized&quot; AppleTalk (AppleTalk IP) replaces many key services of the older AppleTalk and is incompatible with the previous incarnation of AppleTalk. The IIgs only supports AppleTalk using LocalTalk. The GSport emulation converts LocalTalk to EtherTalk but does <b>not</b> support AppleTalk over IP.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Using It<a name="Using_It"></a></h3>
<p>First, you need an AppleShare-compatible server. A classic Mac or &quot;netatalk&quot; server could provide this function. For simplicity, I recommend Ivan Drucker's A2SERVER (<a class="externalLink" href="http://appleii.ivanx.com/a2server/">http://appleii.ivanx.com/a2server/</a>), which is a pre-configured and easy-to-use package with &quot;netatalk&quot; and other useful tools. You may run A2SERVER in a VirtualBox virtual machine, on an existing Linux server, or on a Raspberry Pi. File and print sharing functions built-in to modern computers are not directly compatible.</p>
<p>Second, you need GSport 0.3 or later with ROM03 running on a Windows or Linux (x86 or Raspberry Pi) machine. Start GSport and press F4 to access the configuration menu. If necessary, select a ROM03 image. Select the &quot;Ethernet Card Configuration&quot; menu option. Change &quot;AppleTalk Bridging&quot; to &quot;On&quot;. Change &quot;Use Interface Number&quot; to select the network where you have attached your AppleShare server or A2SERVER. Exit the GSport configuration menu.</p>
<p>You may run GSport and netatalk (or A2SERVER) on the same machine:</p>
<p>On Windows:</p>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
<li>Configure A2SERVER in a VirtualBox virtual machine. The A2SERVER project provides a pre-configured virtual machine as well as manual installation directions.</li>
<li>Install the &quot;Microsoft Loopback Adapter&quot; following directions from Microsoft. See <a class="externalLink" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ukvsts/archive/2009/02/27/adding-the-ms-loopback-adapter-on-windows-7.aspx">http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ukvsts/archive/2009/02/27/adding-the-ms-loopback-adapter-on-windows-7.aspx</a> and <a class="externalLink" href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc708322%28v=ws.10%29.aspx">http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc708322%28v=ws.10%29.aspx</a>.</li>
<li>In the VirtualBox Manager, open &quot;Settings&quot; for the A2SERVER virtual machine. Select the &quot;Network&quot; section. Change the &quot;Attached to&quot; option to &quot;Bridged Adapter&quot; and &quot;Name&quot; to &quot;Microsoft Loopback Adapter&quot;. Under the &quot;Advanced&quot; sub-section, make sure &quot;Promiscuous Mode&quot; is &quot;Allow All&quot;.</li>
<li>Restart A2SERVER.</li>
<li>Restart GSport. Under the &quot;Ethernet Card Configuration&quot; menu, change &quot;Use Interface Number&quot; to select the &quot;MS LoopBack Driver&quot;.</li></ol>
<p>On Linux:</p>
<p>(Directions are forthcoming.)</p>
<p>Finally, party like it is 1989. Your GS is now connected to the AppleTalk network. Refer to Apple's documentation included with GS/OS System 5 and 6 for further directions.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Internal Overview<a name="Internal_Overview"></a></h3>
<p>GSport with AppleTalk networking is functionally equivalent to a real Apple IIgs with a LocalTalk/EtherTalk bridge. Originally, AppleTalk employed the &quot;LocalTalk&quot; physical layer, which requires special hardware not found on modern computers. GSport converts LocalTalk to EtherTalk, a somewhat more modern physical layer using familiar Ethernet cabling. Internally, GSport emulates the Zilog SCC chip in the IIgs, communicates with unmodified Apple-provided networking software built-in to the IIgs and GS/OS, and converts the network traffic to EtherTalk.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Limitations<a name="Limitations"></a></h3>
<ul>
<li>The IIgs hardware and GSport only support AppleTalk using LocalTalk. Neither are compatible with file or print sharing functions in modern computers. Instead, run a compatible network server, such as A2SERVER, Netatalk 2.x, or AppleShare.</li>
<li>A wireless network may not work because many wireless adapters drop EtherTalk packets. Instead, use a wired Ethernet connection.</li>
<li>AppleTalk bridging has been tested with System 6.0.1 and System 5.0.2 on ROM03. Booting from a local disk or from the network works. Other ROM revisions and system software may not work.</li>
<li>The SCC baud rate is incorrect because the GSport does not emulate line coding. Still, emulated network speed should be close to the 230.4kbps speed of a real LocalTalk network.</li>
<li>The bridge supports Windows using Visual Studio, Cygwin, and Linux (x86 and Raspberry Pi). Other platforms should be straightforward, but I do not have a suitable build environment.</li>
<li>The bridge requires an AppleTalk router on the network. The bridge should work in both a routerless and router-filled network, and future revisions will remove this limitation.</li>
<li>The bridge works with simple networks consisting of a single network on a single segment with a single zone. The bridge should function with all valid network configurations and hardware routers, and future revisions will remove this limitation. Other configurations might not work, and I welcome reports.</li>
<li>The bridge implements the non-extended method for acquiring the network number. Interoperability would likely be better using the extended method, but this method is much more complex.</li></ul></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Credits<a name="Credits"></a></h3>
<p>Thanks to Gursharan Sidhu, Richard Andrews, and Alan Oppenheimer for creating and documenting AppleTalk.</p>
<p>Thanks to Kent Dickey and the GSport contributors for GSport and the original SCC emulation.</p>
<p>Thanks to David Schmenk for testing, encouragement, and Raspberry Pi support.</p>
<p>Thanks to Ivan Drucker for A2SERVER.</p>
<p>Thanks to the Gus emulator engineers for showing that AppleTalk emulation is possible.</p>
<p>Thanks to James Littlejohn for discussions about extending the capabilities of the Apple IIgs.</p></div></div>
</div>
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Copyright &#169; 2010-2017
GSport Contributors.
All Rights Reserved.
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GSport: an Apple IIgs Emulator
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<div class="section">
<h2>Developing GSport<a name="Developing_GSport"></a></h2>
<p>Information, mostly concerning building, about various platforms:</p>
<div class="section">
<h3>General Build Instructions<a name="General_Build_Instructions"></a></h3>
<p>You need to build with a <tt>make</tt> utility. There's a default Makefile, which should work for nearly any environment. The Makefile includes a file called <tt>vars</tt> which defines the platform- dependent variables. You need to make <tt>vars</tt> point to (or be) the appropriate file for your machine.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Win32<a name="Win32"></a></h3>
<p>There is a different port of KEGS by Chea Chee Keong (akilgard) called KEGS32. It was originally available from <a class="externalLink" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20071107082448/http://www.geocities.com/akilgard/kegs32/">http://www.geocities.com/akilgard/kegs32</a>, but geocities has since closed. The Win32 code in GSport is leveraged from KEGS32.</p>
<p>GSport can be compiled with <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.mingw.org/">Mingw</a> and <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.cygwin.com/">Cygwin</a> as well as via standard Microsoft compiler suites.</p>
<p>In order to compile with the standard Microsoft compiler suites, download and install <a class="externalLink" href="https://www.visualstudio.com/downloads/download-visual-studio-vs">Microsoft Visual Studio Community 2015 from Microsoft's website</a>. The build process requires Perl, such as <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.activestate.com/activeperl">ActiveState ActivePerl</a>. Within Visual Studio, open the &quot;gsport.sln&quot; solution file. Set the &quot;gsport&quot; project as the &quot;StartUp Project&quot;, and choose &quot;Build Solution&quot; from the &quot;Build&quot; menu.</p>
<p>In order to compile with Cygwin:</p>
<div>
<pre>cd into the src/ directory
rm vars
ln -s vars_win32 vars
make
</pre></div>
<p>You need to have a ROM file (named ROM, ROM.01, or ROM.03) in the same directory as the resulting executable.</p>
<p>To quit, either click the close box, or force quit the application. You can also middle-click (if you have a 3-button mouse) or Shift-F6 to get the debugger in the terminal window, and then type &quot;q&quot;.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Mac OS X<a name="Mac_OS_X"></a></h3>
<p>Use the <tt>vars_mac</tt> file:</p>
<div>
<pre>cd into the src/ directory
rm vars; ln -s vars_mac vars
make
</pre></div>
<p>After the <tt>make</tt> has finished, it will create the application <tt>GSport</tt>.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>X86 Linux<a name="X86_Linux"></a></h3>
<p>Use the <tt>vars_x86linux</tt> file:</p>
<div>
<pre>cd into the src/ directory
rm vars; ln -s vars_x86linux vars
make
</pre></div>
<p>The resulting executable is called <tt>gsportx</tt>.</p>
<p>The build scripts assume perl is in your path. If it is somewhere else, you need to edit the &quot;PERL = perl&quot; line in the vars file and make it point to the correct place.</p>
<p>For audio, GSport needs access to <tt>/dev/dsp</tt>. If the permissions do not allow GSport to access <tt>/dev/dsp</tt>, it can fail with a cryptic error message. As root, just do: <tt>chmod 666 /dev/dsp</tt> .</p>
<p>If you do not have the <tt>/dev/dsp</tt> device, GSport will not start unless you tell it to disable audio with the following command-line argument: <tt>./gsportx -audio 0</tt></p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>PowerPC Linux<a name="PowerPC_Linux"></a></h3>
<p>Use the <tt>vars_linuxppc</tt> file:</p>
<div>
<pre>cd into the src/ directory
rm vars; ln -s vars_linuxppc vars
make
</pre></div>
<p>The build scripts assume perl is in your path. If it is somewhere else, you need to edit the &quot;PERL = perl&quot; line in the vars file and make it point to the correct place.</p>
<p>Audio is currently disabled by default, but you can try turning it on by runnning the command: <tt>gsportx -audio 1</tt>. It sounds horrible, but sounds do come out.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Raspberry Pi<a name="Raspberry_Pi"></a></h3>
<p>At first, you may want to update/upgrade your base OS:</p>
<ul>
<li><tt>sudo apt-get update</tt></li>
<li><tt>sudo apt-get upgrade</tt></li></ul>
<p>Then, add a line with the value <tt>snd-pcm-oss</tt> to the <tt>/etc/modules</tt> file and reboot to enable sound. Change the permissions to the resulting device <tt>/dev/pcm</tt> (after rebooting): <tt>sudo chmod 666 /dev/pcm</tt></p>
<p>Depending on the version of your OS, the following packages may need to be installed:</p>
<ul>
<li>xfonts-base: <tt>sudo apt-get install xfonts-base</tt></li>
<li>libX11-dev: <tt>sudo apt-get install libX11-dev</tt></li>
<li>libxext-dev: <tt>sudo apt-get install libxext-dev</tt></li>
<li>libpcap-dev: <tt>sudo apt-get install libpcap-dev</tt></li></ul>
<p>Use the <tt>vars_pi</tt> file for compilation:</p>
<div>
<pre>cd into the src/ directory
rm vars; ln -s vars_pi vars
make
</pre></div>
<p>The resulting executable is called <tt>gsportx</tt>.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Solaris SPARC<a name="Solaris_SPARC"></a></h3>
<p>Use the <tt>vars_solaris</tt> file:</p>
<div>
<pre>cd into the src/ directory
rm vars; ln -s vars_solaris vars
make
</pre></div>
<p>The build scripts assume perl is in your path. If it is somewhere else, you need to edit the &quot;PERL = perl&quot; line in the vars file and make it point to the correct place.</p>
<p>Audio is currently disabled by default, but you can try turning it on by runnning the command: <tt>gsportx -audio 1</tt></p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Solaris x86<a name="Solaris_x86"></a></h3>
<p>Use the <tt>vars_x86solaris</tt> file:</p>
<div>
<pre>cd into the src/ directory
rm vars; ln -s vars_x86solaris vars
make
</pre></div>
<p>The build scripts assume perl is in your path. If it is somewhere else, you need to edit the &quot;PERL = perl&quot; line in the vars file and make it point to the correct place.</p>
<p>Audio is currently disabled by default, but you can try turning it on by runnning the command: <tt>gsportx -audio 1</tt></p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Other platforms - &quot;C&quot;<a name="Other_platforms_-_C"></a></h3>
<p>If you are porting to an X-windows and Unix-based machine, it should be easy. Start with <tt>vars_x86linux</tt> if you are a little-endian machine, or <tt>vars_linuxppc</tt> if you are big endian. Don't define <tt>-DGSPORT_LITTLE_ENDIAN</tt> unless your processor is little-endian (Alpha, x86, Mac Intel). Mac PPC, Sun, MIPS, HP, Motorola, and IBM Power are big-endian.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Under Development - Autotools Integration<a name="Under_Development_-_Autotools_Integration"></a></h3>
<p>With the autotools branch, the following sequence will execute the build from the main directory:</p>
<div>
<pre>autoreconf
automake --add-missing
autoheader
autoconf
sh configure
make
</pre></div></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Extended <a name="Capabilities">Capabilities</a> by Platform<a name="Extended_Capabilities_by_Platform"></a></h3>
<p>All platforms have a common core of capabilities:</p>
<ul>
<li>Base IIgs emulation</li>
<li>Ensoniq sound emulation</li>
<li>Virtual serial ports mapped to real hardware or IP-emulated ports</li>
<li>Text and graphical printers </li></ul>
<p>The table below notes where the various builds differ in the support they have in the code base now for various extended capabilities. Turning the &quot;No&quot; boxes into &quot;Yes&quot; are all opportunities for contributions!</p>
<table border="1" class="bodyTable">
<tr class="a">
<th align="right"><b>Platform</b></th>
<th align="right"><b>Ethernet</b></th>
<th align="right"><b>Drag/Drop Disks</b></th>
<th align="left"><b>Clipboard Paste</b></th></tr>
<tr class="b">
<td align="right">Linux</td>
<td align="right">No</td>
<td align="right">No</td>
<td align="left">No</td></tr>
<tr class="a">
<td align="right">Macintosh</td>
<td align="right">No</td>
<td align="right">No</td>
<td align="left">Yes</td></tr>
<tr class="b">
<td align="right">Windows</td>
<td align="right">Yes</td>
<td align="right">Yes</td>
<td align="left">Yes</td></tr></table></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Building Graphical Printer Support <a name="Building_Graphical_Printer_Support"></a></h3>
<p>Until graphical parallel printer support is generally integrated into all builds, the following work needs to be done:</p>
<ul>
<li>Install Simple DirectMedia Layer (<a class="externalLink" href="http://www.libsdl.org/">SDL</a>) and Freetype in your build environment - you'll need to link to their libraries </li>
<li>Add the <tt>-DHAVE_SDL</tt> option to your <tt>CCOPTS</tt> and add the same (perhaps to a new) <tt>CPPOPTS</tt> in your <tt>vars</tt> file</li>
<li>Add something like <tt>-I/usr/include/freetype2</tt> and <tt>-I/usr/include/SDL</tt> options to your <tt>CCOPTS</tt> and add the same (perhaps for a new) <tt>CPPOPTS</tt> in your <tt>vars</tt> file to point to the SDL and Freetype include files</li>
<li>Include SDL and Freetype libraries to <tt>EXTRA_LIBS</tt> in your <tt>vars</tt> file (i.e. <tt>EXTRA_LIBS = -lSDL -lfreetype</tt>)</li>
<li>Include the Win32 common dialog library to <tt>EXTRA_LIBS</tt> as part of your final linkage if you're on Windows (i.e. <tt>EXTRA_LIBS = -lSDL -lfreetype -lcomdlg32</tt>)</li>
<li>After building, you'll need the file <tt>parallel.rom</tt> in the same directory that <tt>config.txt</tt> is found</li>
<li>You'll probably want a monospaced TrueType font file easily accessible to add as part of the GSport configuration</li>
<li>Run through the emulated printer <a href="./printer.html">configuration</a> steps</li></ul></div></div>
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<h2>GSport Emulated Ethernet<a name="GSport_Emulated_Ethernet"></a></h2>
<p>The Uthernet (TFE) support in GSport was made possible by implementing the GPL source written by Spiro Trikaliotis for the <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.viceteam.org/">Vice emulator</a>. This version of GSport contains the latest code from VICE 2.2.</p>
<div class="section">
<h3>Details<a name="Details"></a></h3>
<p>Right now Uthernet emulation only works under Windows. Support for emulation under OS X and Linux is planned. In order to use Uthernet emulation, you must install <a class="externalLink" href="http://www.WinPcap.org/install/default.html">WinPCap</a> and have a wired (not wireless) Ethernet connection on the host computer.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>GSport Setup<a name="GSport_Setup"></a></h3>
<p>After GSport starts, press F4 to enter the text based menu and select the &quot;Ethernet Card Configuration&quot; option.</p>
<p>By default, Uthernet emulation is turned off. Enable it by setting &quot;Uthernet Card in Slot 3&quot; to &quot;On&quot;.</p>
<p>Next, select the host interface you wish to use to communicate with the outside world. A list of available interfaces is provided on screen. For most the default of interface &quot;0&quot; is correct.</p>
<p>Return back to the main menu and save your configuration for good measure. Due to limitations, you must exit and restart GSport for the changes you made to take effect.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>GS/OS Setup<a name="GSOS_Setup"></a></h3>
<p>In order to use TCP/IP connectivity under GS/OS, you need to install the latest version of Marinetti and its Uthernet Link Layer. Ewen Wannop has prepared a ready-made hard drive image with everything pre-installed, and that image is available in a version tuned specifically to GSport's Uthernet emulation. Download and use the disk image in the &quot;GSport Internet Starter Kit&quot;:</p>
<p><a class="externalLink" href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gsport/files/Emulator%20Software%20Images/">http://sourceforge.net/projects/gsport/files/Emulator Software Images/</a></p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>8-bit Applications<a name="a8-bit_Applications"></a></h3>
<p>Uthernet enabled versions of Contiki and ADTPro work fine with GSport. Other 8-bit software should also work but are untested.</p></div></div>
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<h2>GSport Release History<a name="GSport_Release_History"></a></h2>
<div class="section">
<h3>Version 0.31 - 6/22/2014<a name="Version_0.31_-_6222014"></a></h3>
<p>New functionality:</p>
<ul>
<li>Added <a href="./appletalk.html">AppleTalk</a> networking emulation with bridging to EtherTalk</li>
<li>Added clipboard text paste capability (OSX, Windows)</li>
<li>Emulated serial ports are individually configurable as either IP or passthrough to real hardware ports</li>
<li>Added Imagewriter LQ printer emulation</li></ul>
<p>Bug fixes:</p>
<ul>
<li>IN#1 and IN#2 now trigger the incoming IP port to listen when using IP simulated serial ports; previously, only PR#1 or PR#2 did </li>
<li>Fixed crash when parallel.rom is missing</li>
<li>Fix for real joysticks: unless the joystick is moving, gsport sets the values to zero</li></ul></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Version 0.2a - 2/29/2012<a name="Version_0.2a_-_2292012"></a></h3>
<p>New functionality:</p>
<ul>
<li>Added text-based virtual printer output for all platforms</li>
<li>Added OSX drag/drop &quot;installer&quot; disk image (.dmg)</li>
<li>Disk images will automatically mount and boot when specified as the last argument on the command line, or when invoked from the Windows shell (file-&gt;open as GSport.exe)</li></ul>
<p>Bug fixes:</p>
<ul>
<li>Win32: Added sound and native printer libraries, mistakenly omitted</li>
<li>OSX: Fixed some &quot;endianness&quot; troubles with the fat binaries</li></ul></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Version 0.1 - 1/6/2011 released as interim build<a name="Version_0.1_-_162011_released_as_interim_build"></a></h3>
<p>New functionality:</p>
<ul>
<li>Added Uthernet support in slot 3. Code comes from the VICE emulator.</li>
<li>Added virtual printer support in slot 1. Code comes from DOSBox emulator.</li></ul></div></div>
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<h2>GSport<a name="GSport"></a></h2>
<p>GSport is a portable (in the programming sense) Apple IIgs emulator, based on the KEGS cross-platform IIgs emulator by Kent Dickey. The base emulator builds and runs on all of the same platforms that KEGS did, and the new capabilities are being integrated as contributors have time and interest.</p><img src="images/gsport.png" alt="" /><a href="https://github.com/david-schmidt/gsport/releases" target="_new"><img src="images/download.png" /></a>
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<h3>Project Goals<a name="Project_Goals"></a></h3>
<p>The main goal for GSport is to provide a free, open ecosystem for the continuation of cross-platform development of IIgs emulation.</p>
<p>Some interesting advances that initially spawned this project are Uthernet and printer support. As those objectives are met, we will move on to the next objectives. Do you have something that you wish a GS emulator did? Submit a request <a class="externalLink" href="http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=315628&amp;atid=1327836">here,</a> or better yet - dive in and <a class="externalLink" href="https://sourceforge.net/project/memberlist.php?group_id=315628">contribute!</a></p></div></div>
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GSport: an Apple IIgs Emulator
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<div class="section">
<h2>Operating GSport<a name="Operating_GSport"></a></h2>
<div class="section">
<h3>Getting a ROM file<a name="Getting_a_ROM_file"></a></h3>
<p>The required ROM for GSport is not part of the distribution, as it is not freely distributable. You must own a IIgs ROM (i.e. a IIgs machine) in order to legally use a ROM file that you may find on the internet.</p>
<p>GSport can use the ROM image from either a ROM01 or ROM03 IIgs machine. By default, that file should be named <tt>rom</tt> and be placed in the same folder as the GSport program/app. The name and location are configurable options, but it will &quot;just work&quot; with the defaults. </p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Running GSport<a name="Running_GSport"></a></h3>
<p>On all platforms except Windows and Mac, you must start GSport from a terminal window. GSport will open a new window and use the window you started it from as a &quot;debug&quot; window. </p>
<p>GSport will look in a number of places for two files it requires: <tt>config.txt</tt> and <tt>rom</tt>. The suggested place for these files is right alongside the GSport application itself.</p>
<p>Start GSport by Double-clicking the GSport icon on a Mac, or by running the executable (<tt>gsport.exe</tt> on Windows, and <tt>gsportx</tt> on Linux). GSport can be run from the Terminal window on a Mac as well (which enables access to more debug information) by typing: <tt>./GSport.app/Contents/MacOS/GSport</tt> from the folder GSport is in. This also enables the automatic mounting/booting feature by allowing you to specify a disk image of your choice on that command line; for example: <br /><tt>./GSport.app/Contents/MacOS/GSport /path/to/my/disk.po</tt> </p>
<p>Assuming all goes well, GSport will then boot up but probably not find any disk images. Hit the &quot;F4&quot; key and see below for how to tell GSport what disk images to use. Tip: Hitting &quot;F8&quot; locks the mouse in the window (and hides the host cursor) until you hit &quot;F8&quot; again.</p>
<p>See the the <a href="./developing.html">developing</a> page for information about developing GSport and compiliing it for yourself.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Configuration Panel<a name="Configuration_Panel"></a></h3>
<p>The Configuration panel is accessed by pressing the F4 key at any time. (If GSport couldn't find a ROM file when it started, you will be forced into the Configuration Panel mode until you select a valid ROM file).</p>
<p>To select a ROM file, select &quot;ROM File Selection&quot; and then select your ROM file. If you were not forced into the panel at startup, then GSport found one and it is working.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Disk Images<a name="Disk_Images"></a></h3>
<p>The primary use of the Configuration Panel is to select disk images. To change disk images being used, select &quot;Disk Configuration&quot;. Each slot and drive that can be loaded with an image is listed. &quot;s5d1&quot; means slot 5, drive 1. Slot 5 devices are 3.5&quot; 800K disks, and slot 6 devices are 5.25&quot; 140K disks. Slot 7 devices are virtual hard drives, and can be any size at all (although ProDOS-formatted images should be less than 32MB).</p>
<p>Just use the arrow keys to navigate to the device entry to change, and then select it by pressing the Enter or Return key. A scrollable file selection interface is presented, letting you locate your image files. To quickly jump to a particular path, you can press Tab to toggle between entering a path manually, and using the file selector. Press Return on &quot;..&quot; entries to go up a directory level. When you find the image you want, just press the Enter or Return key.</p>
<p>If the image has partitions that GSport supports, another selection dialog will have you select which partition to mount. You will probably only have partitions on direct devices you mount (or on a Mac, of .dmg images of CDs). For instance, on a Mac, /dev/disk1 can sometimes be the CDROM drive.</p>
<p>GSport can handle &quot;raw&quot;, .dsk, .po, 2IMG, 5.25&quot; &quot;.nib&quot; images, most Mac Diskcopy images and partitioned images. The .dsk and .po formats you often find on the web are really &quot;raw&quot; formats, and so they work fine. GSport uses the host file permissions to encode the read/write status of the image. GSport can open any image file compressed with gzip (with the extension &quot;.gz&quot;) automatically as a read-only disk image.</p>
<p>An image is the representation of an Apple IIgs disk, but in a file on your computer. For 3.5&quot; disks, for example, a raw image would be exactly 800K bytes long (819200 bytes). GSport directs the emulated GS accesses to the image, and does the correct reads and writes of the Unix file instead.</p>
<p>If you do not have any disk mounted in s7d1, GSport will jump into the monitor. To boot slot 6 (or slot 5), use the Apple IIgs Control Panel by pressing Ctrl-Command-ESC.</p>
<p>Support for 5.25&quot; nibblized images is read-only for now (since the format is simplistic, it's tricky for GSport to write to it since GSport has more information than fits in that format). Just select your image, like &quot;disk.nib&quot; in the <tt>config.txt</tt> file like any .dsk or .po image.</p>
<p>In addition to changing disks, you can also just &quot;eject&quot; and image by moving the cursor to select that slot/drive and then press &quot;E&quot;. The emulated IIgs will immediately detect changes to s5d1 and s5d2.</p>
<p>Care should be taken when changing images in slot 7--GSport does not notify GSOS that images have changed (or been ejected), and so it's best to make changes when GSOS is not running.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Keyboard Summary<a name="Keyboard_Summary"></a></h3>
<div>
<pre>F1: Alias of Command
F2: Alias of Option
F3: Alias of ESC
F4: Configuration Panel
F5, Shift-Insert: Paste from clipboard (on Windows and Mac)
F6: Toggle through the 4 speeds: Unlimited, 1MHz, 2.8MHz, 8.0MHz
Shift-F6: Enter GSport debugger
F7: Toggle fast_disk_emul on/off
F8: Toggle pointer hiding on/off.
F9: Invert the sense of the joystick.
Shift-F9: Swap x and y joystick/paddle axes.
F10: Attempt to change the a2vid_palette (only useful on 256-color displays)
Shift-F10: Toggle visibility of the debug status lines (on Windows only)
F11: Full screen mode (on Mac OS X and Windows).
F12: Alias of Pause/Break which is treated as Reset
F2, Alt_R, Meta_r, Menu, Print, Mode_switch, Option: Option key
F1, Alt_L, Meta_L, Cancel, Scroll_lock, Command: Command key
Num_Lock: Keypad &quot;Clear&quot;.
F12, Pause, Break: Reset
&quot;Home&quot;: Alias for &quot;=&quot; on the keypad (since my Unix keyboard doesn't have an =).
</pre></div></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Using GSport<a name="Using_GSport"></a></h3>
<p>The host computer mouse is the Apple IIgs mouse and joystick by default. By default, the host pointer is not constrained inside the window and remains visible. Press F8 to hide the cursor and constrain the mouse. F8 again toggles out of constrain mode. When the GSOS desktop is running, GSport hides the host cursor automatically and enables special tracking which forces the emulated cursor to follow the host cursor. If this doesn't work right under some program, just press F8 for better compatibility.</p>
<p>The middle mouse button or Shift-F6 causes GSport to stop emulation, and enter the debugger. You can continue with &quot;g&quot; then return in the debug window. You can also disassemble memory, etc. The section &quot;Debugging GSport&quot; above describes the debugger interface a little more.</p>
<p>GSport has no pop-up menus or other interactive interfaces (other than the debug window, and the occasional error dialogs on Mac OS X). Input to the debug window is only acted upon when the emulation is stopped (Shift-F6, middle mouse button, or hitting a breakpoint).</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Quitting GSport<a name="Quitting_GSport"></a></h3>
<p>Just close the main GSport window, and GSport will exit cleanly. Or you can select Quit from the menu. Or enter ctrl-c in the debugger window. Or press the middle-mouse button in the emulation window, and then type &quot;q&quot; return in the debug window.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Command/Option keys<a name="CommandOption_keys"></a></h3>
<p>If you have a keyboard with the special Windows keys, you can use them as the command/option keys. For those without those keys, there are several alternatives.</p>
<p>The following keys are Option (closed-apple) (not all keyboards have all keys): F2, Meta_R, Alt_R, Cancel, Print_screen, Mode_switch, Option, or the Windows key just to the right of the spacebar. The following keys are Command (open-apple): F1, Meta_L, Alt_L, Menu, Scroll_lock, Command, the Windows key left of the spacebar, and the Windows key on the far right that looks like a pull-down menu. You can use F1 and F2 if you cannot make anything else work (especially useful if your OS is intercepting some Alt or Command key sequences).</p>
<p>Note that X Windows often has other things mapped to Meta- and Alt- key sequences, so they often don't get passed through to GSport. So it's best to use another key instead of Alt or Meta.</p>
<p>The joystick/paddle buttons are just the Command and Option keys.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Reset<a name="Reset"></a></h3>
<p>The reset key is Pause/Break or F12. You must hit it with Ctrl to get it to take effect (just like a real Apple IIgs). Ctrl-Command-Reset forces a reboot. Ctrl-Command-Option-Reset enters selftests. Selftests will pass if you force speed to 2.8MHz using the middle button or F6 (and also set Enable Text Page 2 shadow = Disabled for ROM 01). Watch out for ctrl-shift-Break--it will likely kill an X Windows session. Also note that the Unix olvwm X window manager interprets ctrl-F12 and will not pass it on to GSport--you'll need to use Break for reset in that case.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Full Screen mode (Mac OS X only)<a name="Full_Screen_mode_Mac_OS_X_only"></a></h3>
<p>GSport can run in full screen mode--which is especially useful when letting small kids use GSport (but it is not really a lock, so do not let a 2 year old bang on the keyboard while running GSport).</p>
<p>Full Screen mode is toggled with F11 (or Ctrl-F11, since Expose on a Mac is intercepting F11). If GSport stops in the debugger for any reason, full screen mode is toggled off automatically.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Joystick Emulation (Mouse, Keypad, or real native joystick)<a name="Joystick_Emulation_Mouse_Keypad_or_real_native_joystick"></a></h3>
<p>The default joystick is the mouse position. Upper left is 0,0. Lower right is 255,255. Press Shift-F9 to swap the X and Y axes. Press F9 to reverse the sense of both paddles (so 0 becomes 255, etc). Swapping and reversing are convenient with paddle-based games like &quot;Little Brick Out&quot; so that the mouse will be moving like the paddle on the screen. &quot;Little Brick Out&quot; is on the DOS 3.3 master disk. The joystick does not work properly if the pointer is constrained in the window.</p>
<p>You can also select from a &quot;Keypad Joystick&quot; or a real joystick from the Configuration panel. Press return on the &quot;Joystick Configuration&quot; entry, and then select between Mouse Joystick, Keypad Joystick, or one of two native joysticks. The Keypad Joystick uses your keypad number keys as a joystick, where keypad 7 means move to the upper left, and keypad 3 means move to the lower right. Pressing multiple keys together averages the results, allowing finer control than just 8 directions. Also, joystick scaling is selectable here for games which require a greater range of motion to work correctly, along with trim adjustment which moves the centering point. Adjusting scaling usually means you will need to adjust the trim as well.</p>
<p>The left mouse button is the mouse button for GSport. The right mouse button (if you have it) or F6 toggles between four speed modes. Mode 0 (the default) means run as fast as possible. Mode 1 means run at 1MHz. Mode 2 means run at 2.8MHz. Mode 3 means run at 8.0MHz (about the speed of a ZipGS accelerator). Most Apple //e (or earlier) games need to be run at 1MHz. Many Apple IIgs demos must run at 2.8MHz or they will not operate correctly. Try running ornery programs at 2.8MHz. 3200 pictures generally only display correctly at 2.8MHz or sometimes 8.0MHz.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Debugging GSport<a name="Debugging_GSport"></a></h3>
<p>GSport by default now continues emulation even when it detects buggy programs running. (Now I know why Appleworks GS always seemed to crash!).</p>
<p>GSport divides buggy programs into two severities: Code Yellow and Code Red. The status is displayed in words in the text area under the emulation window. If nothing's wrong, nothing is printed.</p>
<p>A Yellow bug is a mild bug where an Apple IIgs program merely read an invalid location. Although completely harmless, it indicates the potential for some Apple IIgs program bug which may become more severe shortly. For instance, closing the &quot;About This Apple IIgs&quot; window in the Finder causes a code yellow alert, but it seems quite harmless.</p>
<p>A Code Red bug is a more serious problem. The Apple IIgs program either tried to write non-existent memory, entered an invalid system state, or perhaps just tried to use an Apple IIgs feature which GSport does not implement yet. Note that entering GSBUG tends to cause a Code Red alert always, so if you intended to enter it, you can ignore it. My recommendation is to save work immediately (to new files) and restart GSport if you get into the Red mode.</p>
<p>GSport also supports breakpoints and watchpoints. In the debug window, you set a breakpoint at an address by typing the address, followed by a 'B' (it must be in caps). To set a breakpoint on the interrupt jump point, type:</p>
<div>
<pre>e1/0010B
</pre></div>
<p>The format is &quot;bank/address&quot; then &quot;B&quot;, where the B must be in caps and the address must use lower-case hex. For Apple IIe programs, just use a bank of 0.</p>
<p>To list all breakpoints, just type 'B' with no number in front of it. To delete a breakpoint, enter its address followed by 'D', so</p>
<div>
<pre>e1/0010D
</pre></div>
<p>deletes the above breakpoint. The addresses work like the IIgs monitor: once you change banks, you can use shortcut addresses:</p>
<div>
<pre>e1/0010B
14B
</pre></div>
<p>will add breakpoints at e1/0010 and e1/0014.</p>
<p>This is a &quot;transparent&quot; breakpoint--memory is not changed. But any read or write to that address will cause GSport to halt. So you can set breakpoints on I/O addresses, or ROM, or whatever. Setting a breakpoint slows GSport down somewhat, but only on accesses to the 256 byte &quot;page&quot; the breakpoint is on. Breakpoints are not just instruction breakpoints, they also cause GSport to halt on any data access, too (usually called watchpoints).</p>
<p>Frederic Devernay has written a nice help screen available in the debugger when you type &quot;h&quot;.</p>
<p>Useful locations for setting breakpoints: 0/3f0B - Break handler 0/c000B - Keyboard latch, programs read keys from this address</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>GSport command-line option summary<a name="GSport_command-line_option_summary"></a></h3>
<p>There are others, but the Configuration panel provides a better way to set them so they are no longer listed here.</p>
<div>
<pre>-skip: GSport will &quot;skip&quot; that many screen redraws between refreshes.
-skip 0 will do 60 frames per second, -skip 1 will do 30 fps,
-skip 5 will do 10 fps.
-audio [0/1]: Forces audio [off/on]. By default, audio is on unless
the X display is a remote machine or shared memory is off.
This switch can override the default. -audio 0 causes GSport to
not fork the background audio process, but Ensoniq emulation
is still 100% accurate, just the sound is not sent to the
workstation speaker. Audio defaults off on Linux for now.
-arate {num}: Forces audio sample rate to {num}. 44100 and 48000 are
usual, you can try 22050 to reduce GSport's overhead. On a reasonably
fast machine (&gt;250MHz or so), you shouldn't need to mess with this.
-dhr140: Will use the old Double-hires color algorithm that results in
exactly 140 colors across the screen, as opposed to the blending
being done by default.
</pre></div>
<p>X-Windows/Linux options:</p>
<div>
<pre>-15: GSport will only look for a 15-bit X-Window display.
-16: GSport will only look for a 16-bit X-Window display (not tested, probably
will get red colors wrong).
-24: GSport will only look for a 24-bit X-Window display.
-display {machine:0.0}: Same as setting the environment variable DISPLAY.
Sends X display to {machine:0.0}.
-noshm: GSport will not try to used shared memory for the X graphics display.
This will make GSport much slower on graphics-intensive tasks,
by as much as a factor of 10! By default, -noshm causes an
effective -skip of 3 which is 15 fps. You can override this
default by specifying a -skip explicitly.
</pre></div></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Apple IIgs Control Panel<a name="Apple_IIgs_Control_Panel"></a></h3>
<p>You can get to the Apple IIgs control panel (unless some application has locked it out) using Ctrl-Command-Esc.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Details on config.txt and disk images<a name="Details_on_config.txt_and_disk_images"></a></h3>
<p>The file <tt>config.txt</tt> describes the images GSport will use. Although you can edit the file manually, in general you can use the Configuration Panel to make all the changes you need. This information is for reference.</p>
<p>GSport by default will boot s7d1 (unless you've changed that using the Apple IIgs control panel), so you should put an image in that slot.</p>
<p>GSport, by default, runs the IWM (3.5&quot; and 5.25&quot; disks) emulation in an &quot;approximate&quot; mode, called &quot;fast_disk_emul&quot;. In this mode, GSport emulates the hardware &quot;faster&quot; than real, meaning the data the code being emulated expects is made available much faster than on a real Apple IIgs, providing a nice speed boost. For instance, the 5.25&quot; drives run 10x the real speed usually. Almost everything will work except for nibble copiers, which don't like the data coming this fast. (Meaning, unless you're using a nibble copier, you shouldn't run into an issue. All games/demos/etc run fine in this mode). To make nibble copiers work, Press F7.</p>
<p>GSport can read in the &quot;.nib&quot; nibblized disk format, but as read-only mode. If the emulated image is no longer ProDOS or DOS 3.3 standard, GSport will automatically treat the image as &quot;Not-write-through-to-Image&quot; from then on. This mode means GSport will continue to emulate the disk properly in memory, but it cannot encode the changes in the standard .dsk or .nib image format. It prints a message saying it has done so. However, the &quot;disk&quot; in emulation is fully useable as long as GSport is running. A standard reformatting will not cause an image to flip to not-write- through-to-Image, but running things like a &quot;drive-speed&quot; test will cause further changes not to propagate to the Unix file. You will need to &quot;eject&quot; the image and re-insert it before writes will take effect.</p>
<p>In full accuracy mode (i.e., not fast_disk_emul), 5.25&quot; drive accesses force GSport to run at 1MHz, and 3.5&quot; drive accesses force GSport to run at 2.8MHz.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>GSport Timing<a name="GSport_Timing"></a></h3>
<p>GSport supports running at four speeds: 1MHz, 2.8MHz, 8.0MHz, and Unlimited. Pressing the middle mouse button cycles between these modes. The 1MHz and 2.8MHz speeds force GSport to run at exactly those speeds, providing accurate reproduction of a real Apple IIgs.</p>
<p>GSport will always run at 1MHz at least. If it is unable to keep up, it will extend the emulated time to maintain the illusion of running at 1MHz. That is, it may do just 40 screen refreshes per real second, instead of the usual 60. This happens rarely.</p>
<p>If you force GSport to run at 1MHz, it will strive to run at exactly 1MHz (well, really 1.024MHz). If it is running faster (almost always), it will pause briefly several times a second to maintain the 1MHz speed. It does this in a friendly way that makes time available to other tasks. This makes older Apple II games very playable just like a real Apple IIgs on slow speed. GSport is running at exactly the same speed as an Apple //e when in 1MHz mode. The 1MHz mode you set through the right mouse button overrides the &quot;fast&quot; mode you can access through the control panel. But, 3.5&quot; accesses will &quot;speed up&quot; to 2.8MHz to enable that code to operate correctly while the 3.5&quot; disk is being accessed.</p>
<p>If you force GSport to run at 2.8MHz, GSport tries to run at exactly 2.8MHz. But like a real unaccelerated Apple IIgs, if you set the control panel to &quot;slow&quot;, it will really be running at 1MHz. Accesses to 5.25&quot; disk automatically slow down to 1MHz, when running the IWM in accurate mode (F7). GSport may not be able to keep up with some programs running at 2.8MHz due to video and sound overheads on lower-end machines. If that happens, it effectively runs slower by extending the emulated &quot;second&quot;, like in the 1MHz mode. You can tell this is happening when Eff MHz in the status area falls below 2.8MHz. If GSport is running faster than 2.8MHz, it takes small pauses to slow down, just like in 1MHz. Many Apple IIgs demos must be run at 2.8MHz. The built-in selftests (cmd-option-ctrl-Reset) must run at 2.8MHz. Many Apple IIgs action games are more playable at 2.8MHz.</p>
<p>The 8.0MHz setting means follow the ZipGS-selected speed, but don't go faster than 8.0MHz. If your host computer cannot keep up, then the emulated second will be extended. You can use the ZipGS control panel, or ZIPPY.GS on the sample disk image to set the emulated ZipGS speed to anything from 1MHz to 8MHz in .5MHz increments.</p>
<p>The Unlimited setting means run as fast as possible, whatever speed that is (but always above 1MHz). Eff MHz gives you the current Apple IIgs equivalent speed. Many games will be unplayable at the unlimited setting. Setting the IIgs control panel speed to &quot;slow&quot; will slow down to 1MHz.</p>
<p>Sound output has an important relationship to GSport timing. GSport must play one second of sound per second of emulated time. Normally, this works out exactly right. But as noted above, if GSport can't maintain the needed speed, it extends the emulated second. If it extends the second to 1.4 real seconds, that means GSport only produces 1.0 second of sound data every 1.4 seconds--the sound breaks up!</p>
<p>In all cases, 1MHz to GSport is 1.024MHz. And 2.8MHz to GSport is 2.56MHz (trying to approximate the slowdown causes by memory refresh on a real Apple IIgs). It's just easier to say 1MHz and 2.8MHz.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>GSport: What Works<a name="GSport:_What_Works"></a></h3>
<p>Basically, just about every Apple II program works.</p>
<p>Some old Apple II 5.25&quot; games require the old C600 ROM image, and don't work with the default Apple IIgs ROM. This is not GSport's fault--these games don't run on a real Apple IIgs either. GSport has built-in the old Apple II Disk PROM which you can enable by using the IIgs control panel to set Slot 6 to &quot;Your Card&quot;. This allows many more Apple II games to run, and is the recommended setting.</p>
<p>The NinjaForce Megademo mostly works, but sometimes hangs in the BBS Demo. Just skip that demo if it happens.</p>
<p>The California Demo hangs at startup unless you use the IIgs control panel to boot from slot 5, and then do a ctrl-Open_Apple-Reset to boot--doing the above lets it work fine. This seems to be a bug in the demo.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>GSport bugs<a name="GSport_bugs"></a></h3>
<p>On a ROM03, GSport makes a patch to the ROM image (inside emulation, not to the ROM file) to fix a bug in the ROM code. Both ROM01 and ROM03 are patched to enable use of more than 8MB of memory. It then patches the ROM self-tests to make the ROM checksum pass. But other programs, like the Apple IIgs Diagnostic Disk, will detect a ROM checksum mismatch. Don't worry about it.</p>
<p>Sound breaks up if GSport is unable to keep up--it should only be happening if you are trying to force GSport to run at 2.8MHz, but cannot due to sound and video overhead.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Sound emulation<a name="Sound_emulation"></a></h3>
<p>GSport supports very accurate classic Apple II sound (clicking of the speaker using $C030) and fairly accurate Ensoniq sound.</p>
<p>When GSport determines that no sound has been produced for more than 5 seconds, it turns off the sound calculation routines for a small speedup. It describes that it has done this by saying &quot;Pausing sound&quot; in the debug window. However, when sound restarts, it sometimes &quot;breaks-up&quot; a little.</p>
<p>If your display is not using shared memory, audio defaults to off unless you override it with &quot;-audio 1&quot;.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>SCC (Serial Port) emulation<a name="SCC_Serial_Port_emulation"></a></h3>
<p>You may use the SCC ports as either a LocalTalk networking connection or as traditional serial ports. GSport emulates the two serial ports on a IIgs as being two Unix sockets. Port 1 (printer port) is at socket address 6501, and port 2 (modem) is at socket address 6502.</p>
<p>By default, slot 1 is emulated using a simple receive socket, and slot 2 emulates a Virtual Modem.</p>
<p>A Virtual Modem means GSport acts as if a modem is on the serial port allowing Apple II communcation programs to fully work, but connected to internet-enabled sockets. GSport emulates a &quot;Hayes- Compatible&quot; modem, meaning it accepts &quot;AT&quot; commands. You can use GSport to connect to free telnet-BBSs, or run a BBS program on GSport and become a telnet BBS yourself.</p>
<p>The two main AT commands are: ATDT for dialing out, and ATA for receiving calls. To dial out, enter &quot;ATDThostname&quot;, or for example, &quot;ATDTboycot.no-ip.com&quot; (which is down at the moment, unfortunately). You can also enter an IP address, like &quot;ATDT127.0.0.1&quot;. On a Mac, to create a telnet server to allow telnet connections (do not use over the internet, but on a private network behind a firewall, this should be fine), in a Terminal window type: &quot;sudo /usr/libexec/telnetd -debug&quot;. You must then enable telnet on port 23 through your Mac OS X Firewall in the System Preferences-&gt;Sharing-&gt;Firewall page (just add port 23 as open--you'll need to use the &quot;New...&quot; button and then select Other for Port Name, and enter Port Number as 23). Then from GSport in a communications program, do &quot;ATDT127.0.0.1&quot;, and then log-in to your Mac.</p>
<p>GSport also accepts incoming &quot;calls&quot;. Start GSport, and initialize the Virtual Modem with some AT command (ATZ resets all state, and is a useful start). GSport now has a socket port open, 6502 for slot 2, which you can connect to using any telnet program. In a Terminal window, then type &quot;telnet 127.0.0.1 6502&quot; and you will connect to GSport. The Virtual Modem then starts printing &quot;RING&quot; every 2 seconds until you answer with &quot;ATA&quot;. You are now connected.</p>
<p>On Windows XP SP2, when GSport tries to open this incoming socket, you'll need to enable it and click Unblock to the dialog that Windows pops up. If you do not want incoming connections, you can block it instead.</p>
<p>Once connected, you can go back to talking to the Virtual Modem by pressing + three times quickly (+++), and then not type anything for a second. This goes back to the AT-command mode. You can now &quot;ATH&quot; to hang up, or &quot;ATO&quot; to go back online.</p>
<p>On Windows, the socket code is very preliminary and there are problems receiving connections.</p>
<p>GSport also supports an older, simpler socket interface, which it defaults to using on slot 1. In GSport, from APPLESOFT, if you PR#1, all output will then be sent to socket port 6501. You can see it by connecting to the port using telnet. In another terminal window, do: &quot;telnet localhost 6501&quot; and then you will see all the output going to the &quot;printer&quot;.</p>
<p>Under APPLESOFT, you can PR#1 and IN#1. This gets input from the socket also. You can type in the telnet window, it will be sent on to the emulated IIgs. You may want to go to the F4 Config Panel and set &quot;mask off high bit&quot; for serial port accesses to make PR#1 work a little nicer.</p>
<p>You can &quot;print&quot; from BASIC by using something like PR#1 in GSport and &quot;telnet localhost 6501 | tee file.out&quot; in another window.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>GSport status area<a name="GSport_status_area"></a></h3>
<p>The status area is updated once each second. It displays internal emulation information.</p>
<div>
<pre>Line 1: (Emulation speed info)
dcycs: number of seconds since GSport was started
sim MHz: Effective speed of GSport instruction emulation, not counting
overhead for video or sound routines.
Eff MHz: Above, but with overhead accounted for. Eff MHz is the
speed of an equivalent true Apple IIgs. This is extremely
accurate.
sec: The number of real seconds that have passed during on of GSport's
emulated seconds. Should be 1.00 +/- .01. Under 1
means GSport is running a bit fast, over 1 means GSport is
running slow. When you force speed to 2.8MHz, if GSport
can't keep up, it extends sec, so you can see how slow
it's really going here.
vol: Apple IIgs main audio volume control, in hex, from 0-F.
pal: Super-hires palette that is unavailable. GSport needs one palette
for the standard Apple // graphics mode on an 8-bit display,
and it grabs the least-used palette. Defaults to 0xe.
You can try changing it with F10. If you change it to a
palette that is not least used, GSport changes it back in
one second. Any superhires lines using the unavailable
palette will have their colors mapped into the
closest-matching &quot;lores&quot; colors, to minimize visual
impact.
Limit: Prints which speed setting the user has requested: 1MHz, 2.8MHz,
or Unlimited.
Line 2: (Video and X info)
xfer: In hex, number of bytes transferred to the X screen per second.
xred_cs: Percentage of Unix processor cycles that were spent in the X
server (or other processes on the machine).
ch_in: Percentage of Unix processor cycles spent checking for X input Events.
ref_l: Percentage of Unix processor cycles spent scanning the Apple IIgs
memory for changes to the current display screen memory,
and copying those changes to internal XImage buffers.
ref_x: Percentage of Unix processor cycles spent sending those XImage buffers
to the X server. Very similar to xred_cs.
Line 3: (Interpreter overhead)
Ints: Number of Apple IIgs interrupts over the last second.
I/O: Rate of I/O through the fake smartport interface (hard drives).
Does not count 3.5&quot; or 5.25&quot; disk accesses.
BRK: Number of BRKs over the last second.
COP: Number of COPs over the last second.
Eng: Number of calls to the main instruction interpreter loop in the
last second. All &quot;interrupts&quot; or other special behavior
causes the main interpreter loop to exit. A high call
rate here indicates a lot of overhead. 12000-15000 is normal.
20000+ indicates some sort of problem.
act: Some instructions are handled by the main interpreter loop returning
special status &quot;actions&quot; to main event loop. This is the
number over the last second. Should be low.
hev: This tracks HALT_EVENTs. GSport returns to the main loop to recalc
effective speed whenever any speed-changing I/O location is
touched. See the code, mostly in moremem.c
esi: This counts the number of superhires scan-line interrupts
taken in the last second.
edi: This counts the number of Ensoniq &quot;special events&quot; over the last
second. A sound that stops playing always causes a GSport
event, even if it doesn't cause a IIgs interrupt.
Line 4: (Ensoniq DOC info)
snd1,2,3,4: Percentage of Unix processor cycles spent handling various
sound activities. snd1 is the total sum of all sound overhead.
st: Percentage of Unix cycles spent starting new Ensoniq oscillators.
est: Percentage of Unix cycles spent looking for 0 bytes in sounds.
x.yz: This final number is the average number of oscillators playing
over the last second. Up to 4.00 is low overhead, over
20.0 is high overhead.
Line 5: (Ensoniq DOC info)
snd_plays: Number of calls to a routine called sound_play, which
plays Ensoniq sounds. Always called at least 60 times per sec.
doc_ev: Number of Ensoniq (DOC) events in the last second. A sound
stopping is an event, but changing a parameter of a sound
while it is playing is also an event.
st_snd: Number of sounds that were started in the last second.
snd_parms: Number of times a sound parameter was changed while it
was playing.
Line 6: (IWM info)
For each IWM device, this line displays the current track (and side for
3.5&quot; disks). If a disk is spinning, there will be an &quot;*&quot; next to the
track number. Only updated once a second, so the disk arm moving may
appear to jump by several tracks. &quot;fast_disk_emul:1&quot; shows that GSport
is using less accurate, but faster, IWM emulation. Press F7 to toggle
to accurate disk emulation.
</pre></div></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>X Window (Linux) interface information<a name="X_Window_Linux_interface_information"></a></h3>
<p>If GSport fails to start under Linux, first try the following options:</p>
<div>
<pre>GSport -audio 0 -noshm
</pre></div>
<p>There may be a bug with drawing the border on x86 Linux with Shared Memory-- add the options &quot;-noshm -skip 0&quot; to fix this up (but lose some graphics performance, sorry). Try GSport without these options first, but use this as a workaround if necessary.</p>
<p>If you want the display to go somewhere different, make sure the shell environment variable $DISPLAY is set, or give the command-line argument &quot;-display <a name="foo">foo</a>&quot;.</p>
<p>GSport also forks off a subprocess to help handle the sound if audio is active. If GSport crashes in a unusual way (a core dump, for instance), you may have to manually kill the subprocess. (&quot;ps -ef| grep GSport;kill xxxxx&quot;).</p>
<p>Geoff Weiss adds some notes for mounting disks/floppies/CDs under Solaris 7 through Solaris 10:</p>
<p>To use a CDROM, insert the CD and let Volume Management mount it. Edit <tt>config.txt</tt> and use the filesystem that shows up in the &quot;df -k&quot; listing. The volume name of the CDROM must be included. For example, a CDROM in an IDE drive would look like this:</p>
<div>
<pre> /vol/dev/dsk/c1t0d0/ciscocd
</pre></div>
<p>A CDROM in a SCSI drive would look like this:</p>
<div>
<pre> /vol/dev/dsk/c0t6d0/j1170_10804
</pre></div>
<p>To provide low-level ADB emulation, GSport turns off Unix key repeat when the focus is in the GSport window. It should be turned back on every time the pointer leaves the GSport window, but sometimes it doesn't. Re-running GSport (and then quitting it quickly) should turn key-repeat back on, or you can type 'xset r' in another terminal window.</p>
<p>Sometimes the converse is true--key repeat is &quot;on&quot; when the cursor is in the GSport window. Moving the cursor out of the window and then back in should solve it. This is sometimes noticeable when running Wolfenstein 3D GS.</p>
<p>GSport uses a private color-map for its X-window in 8-bit mode. This may cause colormap &quot;flash&quot; when your cursor enters the window.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>GSport details/troubleshooting<a name="GSport_detailstroubleshooting"></a></h3>
<p>GSport will work on all platforms with a 15/16-bit, 24-bit, or 32-bit color display. GSport also supports an 8-bit display on X windows only. On all platforms, it autodetects the color depth--no color switching is necessary as long as you're at a supported depth.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Disk Image Details<a name="Disk_Image_Details"></a></h3>
<p>Images loaded into slot 6 (drive 1 or 2) are assumed to be 140K 5.25&quot; disks, which is usually have the extension &quot;.dsk&quot;. Images loaded into slot 5 (drive 1 or 2) are assumed to be 800K disk images and can be in any supported imahe format (including partitions, if you have 800K partitions). Images loaded into slot 7 (drives 1 through 32) can be in any format and can be any size up to 4GB.</p>
<p>GSport boots s7d1 by default. You can change this using the emulated IIgs control panel, just like a real Apple IIgs. GSport emulates a IIgs with two 5.25&quot; drives in slot 6, two 3.5&quot; drives in slot 5, and up to 32 &quot;hard drives&quot; in slot 7. However, the current Configuration Panel only lets you set through s7d11. ProDOS 8 can access disks up to s7d8, but GSOS has no limit, so it's best to put HFS images past s7d8 in order to leave more slots for ProDOS images.</p>
<p>If you're trying to use a real host device (CD-ROM, or hard drive, or floppy), you should make the permissions on the /dev/disk* files something like (meaning, everyone should have read permission):</p>
<div>
<pre>brw-r--r-- 1 root operator 14, 0 Jun 10 00:01 /dev/disk2
</pre></div>
<p>You can do this on a Mac with:</p>
<div>
<pre>sudo chmod 644 /dev/disk2
</pre></div></div></div>
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GSport: an Apple IIgs Emulator
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<h2>GSport Emulated Printers<a name="GSport_Emulated_Printers"></a></h2>
<p>There are two classes of printers emulated by GSport: an Epson LQ connected by a virtual serial card in slot 1, and an Apple Imagewriter LQ or Imagewriter II attached to serial port 1. Set up for common printing scenarios is detailed below:</p>
<ul>
<li>Emulated <a href="./printer.html#Imagewriter">Imagewriter LQ/II</a> - when you want to emulate an Imagewriter LQ or Imagewriter II specifically in slot 1</li>
<li>Windows <a href="./printer.html#Bitmap">Bitmap or Postscript</a> (B&amp;W) - when you want a graphical file saved on the host computer</li>
<li>Direct to <a href="./printer.html#Host">host printer</a> - when you want a real, paper-based copy immediately (or, a Postscript file with an appropriate printer driver) </li>
<li><a href="./printer.html#Text">Text File</a> - when you want a file of plain text saved on the host computer </li></ul>
<p>When configuring the virtual printer (details below), these notes apply in all situations:</p>
<ul>
<li>The &quot;Printer Timeout&quot; setting configures how long until a form feed is automatically sent to the printer (which forces the emulator to kick out a &quot;page&quot;). This value should be set to a value like 15 seconds or more for PR#1-type printing to work as you might expect. If it is set to &quot;Never&quot;, you must manually send a form feed, fill a page with text, or exit the emulator before output is saved. This behavior is similar to modern laser/inkjet printers when they are used with Applesoft. Most applications are good about sending form feeds at page end, so this issue doesn't usually come up.</li>
<li>The Roman font is used in graphical printing by default, and the matching <tt>lib/letgothl.ttf</tt> is included in the distribution package. Printing emulation won't work if no fonts at all are defined. Any other mono-spaced TrueType font you have may also be used.</li></ul>
<div class="section">
<h3>Emulated <a name="Imagewriter">Imagewriter</a> LQ/II<a name="Emulated_Imagewriter_LQII"></a></h3>
<p>In GSport's internal control panel:</p>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
<li>Under &quot;Serial Port Configuration&quot; set Port 0 to &quot;Virtual Imagewriter&quot;<img src="images/printerI1.png" alt="" /></li>
<li>Under &quot;Virtual Imagewriter Configuration&quot; you need to configure fonts. GSport comes with a fixed width font installed and pre-configured. Set any proportional font you wish to use. If you plan on using native Windows printer output or Postscript, set Multipage Files to &quot;Yes&quot;. The default printer timeout of 2 seconds is fine if you are running the machine in 8Mhz or unlimited speed modes. Set it higher if you are running at 1Mhz or 2.8Mhz since the printer may time out while the computer is &quot;thinking&quot; during print jobs.<img src="images/printerI2.png" alt="" /></li></ol>
<p>Printer DPI should be set to at least 720x720dpi for Imagewriter LQ resolution output (mostly GS/OS). Use 1440x1440dpi if you have a high resolution inkjet printer and plan on printing pure text documents. It also minimizes scaling artifacts when printing graphics.</p>
<p>Printer Type just changes the self ID string sent by the printer when the &quot;ESC-?&quot; command is sent. This is used by the driver included in GS/OS to determine what type of printer is connected and whether a color ribbon is installed. Set it to Imagewriter LQ in most cases.</p>
<p><b>Save your settings and restart GSport to apply your configuration changes!</b> (This will likely be fixed in a future release.)</p>
<p>In the native IIgs control panel:</p>
<ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
<li>Under &quot;Slots&quot;, Slot 1 should be set to &quot;Printer Port&quot;</li>
<li>Under &quot;Printer Port&quot; leave everything at its default setting, but set baud rate to 19200. It is highly recommended that you install the QuickPort CDA and set the port speed to &quot;57600&quot;. Since we are using the SCC emulation, the speed that data is transferred to the virtual printer is limited by the baud rate set by the emulated environment.</li></ol>
<p>8-bit and non-Printer Manager IIgs applications (like Printshop GS) should work without a problem after configuring them to print to an Imagewriter connected to slot 1. When printing text in programs like Appleworks, be sure to set page margins. By default, the emulator starts printing at the upper left hand corner of the virtual &quot;page&quot;.</p>
<p>GS/OS requires configuration in the &quot;DC Printer&quot; control panel. Make sure you install the printer drivers from your GS/OS disk set. Set the port to &quot;Printer&quot; and type to &quot;Imagewriter.LQ&quot;. If you have Harmonie, use its &quot;Printer57.6&quot; port driver as it greatly speeds up printing (the built in port driver appears to be hard coded to 19200 baud max). Do not use its &quot;Printer.HAR&quot; port driver as it sends junk text to the printer for some reason. Harmonie's &quot;IWriterLQ.HAR&quot; and &quot;Imagewriter.HAR&quot; drivers have been tested and are fully compatible with the printer emulator. They do not query the printer with ESC-?, so the setting of Printer Type in the GSport control panel doesn't matter with these. Both Harmonie and Pointless are highly recommended for the best quality output in GS/OS.</p>
<p>The printer emulator supports all Imagewriter II and LQ functions documented in Apple's official reference manuals. Mousetext and custom character definitions are NOT supported. This is consistent with a real Imagewriter LQ. Only the Imagewriter II supported those functions. </p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Windows <a name="Bitmap">Bitmap</a> or Postscript<a name="Windows_Bitmap_or_Postscript"></a></h3>
<p>To set up GSport to write .BMP or .PS files for each &quot;page&quot; produced, apply the following settings:</p>
<p>Enter the GS native control panel and set slot 1 to &quot;Your Card&quot;, then save and exit the control panel. You will need to reboot the emulated GS (with a cold boot - Ctrl-Alt-F12, etc.) or restart GSport to have this change take effect, just like a real GS:</p><img src="images/printer0.png" alt="" />
<p>Press F4 to enter the text-based GSport menu and select the &quot;Parallel Card Configuration&quot; option. By default, printer emulation is turned off. Enable it by setting &quot;Parallel Card in Slot 1&quot; to &quot;On,&quot; and leave the &quot;Parallel Output&quot; option set to its default value, &quot;Send full 8-bit data:&quot;</p><img src="images/printer1.png" alt="" />
<p>Next, navigate back to the main menu and select the &quot;Virtual Printer Configuration&quot; option and set &quot;Printer Output Type&quot; to either &quot;Windows Bitmap&quot; or &quot;Postscript (B&amp;W)&quot; based on your preference:</p><img src="images/printer3.png" alt="" />
<p>Save the configuration, and printed output will be saved as files in GSport's current working directory.</p></div>
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<h3>Direct to <a name="Host">Host</a> Printer<a name="Direct_to_Host_Printer"></a></h3>
<p>The &quot;Direct to host printer&quot; feature is only implemented on the Windows platform. To set up GSport to send page-oriented output directly to your system's printer, apply the following settings:</p>
<p>Enter the GS native control panel and set slot 1 to &quot;Your Card&quot;, then save and exit the control panel. Note that you will need to restart GSport after all of the changes below are made, so don't restart just yet:</p><img src="images/printer0.png" alt="" />
<p>Press F4 to enter the text-based GSport menu and select the &quot;Parallel Card Configuration&quot; option. By default, printer emulation is turned off. Enable it by setting &quot;Parallel Card in Slot 1&quot; to &quot;On,&quot; and leave the &quot;Parallel Output&quot; option set to its default value, &quot;Send full 8-bit data:&quot;</p><img src="images/printer1.png" alt="" />
<p>Next, navigate back to the main menu and select the &quot;Virtual Printer Configuration&quot; option and set &quot;Printer Output Type&quot; to &quot;Direct to host printer:&quot;</p><img src="images/printer6.png" alt="" />
<p>Save the configuration, and stop the GSport application altogether and restart it. You should be presented with your system's default printer selection dialog box:</p><img src="images/printer7.png" alt="" />
<p>The printer you choose here will be the place that page-oriented output is sent, subject to the page ejection timeouts discussed earlier. Note that it is even possible to use a printer driver that itself produces PDF output instead of physical paper.</p></div>
<div class="section">
<h3><a name="Text">Text</a> File<a name="Text_File"></a></h3>
<p>Printing to a text file will bypass all printer emulation and simply append printed data to a file named <tt>printer.txt</tt> in GSport's current working directory. This is especially useful for text-based operations like Applesoft listings using the traditional <tt>PR#1:LIST:PR#0</tt> command sequences. Output from GSOS applications like TeachText are not actually textual in nature - they are graphical. It would be more appropriate to use a different type of printer output in that situation. </p>
<p>To set up GSport to append printed text to a printer.txt file, apply the following settings:</p>
<p>Enter the GS native control panel and set slot 1 to &quot;Your Card&quot;, then save and exit the control panel. You will need to reboot the emulated GS (with a cold boot - Ctrl-Alt-F12, etc.) or restart GSport to have this change take effect, just like a real GS:</p><img src="images/printer0.png" alt="" />
<p>Press F4 to enter the text-based GSport menu and select the &quot;Parallel Card Configuration&quot; option. By default, printer emulation is turned off. Enable it by setting &quot;Parallel Card in Slot 1&quot; to &quot;On.&quot; Also change the &quot;Parallel Output&quot; option to &quot;Mask off high bit:&quot;</p><img src="images/printer4.png" alt="" />
<p>Next, navigate back to the main menu and select the &quot;Virtual Printer Configuration&quot; option and set &quot;Printer Output Type&quot; to &quot;Text file:&quot;</p><img src="images/printer5.png" alt="" />
<p>Save the configuration, and printed output will be appended in the <tt>printer.txt</tt> file in GSport's current working directory.</p></div></div>
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