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v0.86 sources and binaries (earliest available on website)

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Mark Aufflick 2011-10-18 14:49:35 +11:00
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Changes in KEGS v0.86 since v0.85 (03/23/04)
- Add patch for Solaris sound by Jonathan Kalbfeld.
- Fix so that F4 enters config panel even while running Prosel-16
- Major mouse pointer changes, based on some ideas from Geoff Weiss.
The GSOS mouse now exactly tracks the host pointer automatically.
- Fixed an accidental debug halt when Prosel-16 disables the keyboard/mouse.
Changes in KEGS v0.85 since v0.84 (01/09/04)
- Fix some minor 65816 bank-crossing bugs.
- Add -noignhalt to allow user to stop on code red halts.
- Fix Win32 capslock problem as reported by Edward Moore
- Fixed DreamVoir app on the sample image (it was corrupt)
Changes in KEGS v0.84 since v0.83 (11/21/03)
- Add new speed, 8.0MHz directly using right-clicking or F6.
- Sim speed and Video update interval added to Config panel.
- Various cycle timing bugs in engine_c.c fixed.
- Add Config Panel entry to mask serial output to 7-bit, to enable PR#2 to
work better with an external telnet.
- In Config Panel file selection, typing a letter jumps to the first file
beginning with that letter.
- Fixed various serial socket bugs. Now you can disconnect a telnet session
and start a new one, and a Linux hang is fixed.
- Default GS memory size increased to 8MB.
- Small fix to double-hires color table.
- X windows can now send displays to other-endian X servers.
Changes in KEGS v0.83 since v0.82 (11/19/03)
- Add Memory Size to config panel, with support for up to 14MB of memory
(Geoff Weiss)
- Add $C04F EMUBYTE support which Bernie II the Rescue defined. (Geoff Weiss)
- Fix $CFFF code red's reported by David Wilson.
- Add smartport $C70A Format routine (David Wilson).
Changes in KEGS v0.82 since v0.81 (11/06/03)
- Fix superhires display glitch introduced in v0.81.
- Improved border handling--XMAS demo looks great.
- Fix some X build problems introduced in v0.81.
Changes in KEGS v0.81 since v0.80 (11/04/03)
- Code Red/Yellow warnings about emulation stability
- Windows file browsing fixes
- Built-in C600 ROM for Apple II 5.25" game compatibility
- Turns key repeat back on when exiting from X-windows version
- Windows F8 captures the cursor
Changes in KEGS v0.80 since v0.71 (10/31/03)
- Configuration Panel means no more hand-editing configuration files
- All emulator state is now saved in "config.kegs"
- 3200 color pictures! Video system much improved for display accuracy.
- F8 Pointer grabbing works on Mac
- ZipGS emulation
Changes in KEGS v0.71 since v0.70 (11/20/02)
- Improved double-hires colors a lot. -dhr140 is no longer the default
- Airheart relies on the PC going from 0xffff to 0x0000, so I undid the
change from KEGS v0.54 which allowed PC to overflow to 0x10000.
This slows KEGS down by about 5%.
- Fixed X shared memory bug in KEGS v0.70 with fix from Jonathan Stark.
Changes in KEGS v0.70 since v0.60 (11/18/02)
- New buttons: Middle button is enter-debugger, and right button changes speed
- New function key mapping (see README.kegs)
- Mac OS X port
- Win32 port
- Centralized much of what had been "xdriver.c" code into video.c, to move
true platform-specific stuff into the various *driver.c codes.
Kimage struct tracks video display buffers in a dev-independent way.
From video.c, the calls to the platform code start with "x_" mostly.
Code in video.c cleaned up somewhat.
Borders are now always in native buffer format, while text/hires/
and superhires are in 8-bit buffers and translated to native later.
- Mac and Windows sound are all done in one process--no child sound process.
- Revamped key press handling and mouse clicks--all is now handled in
adb.c for a consistent user interface. Now KEGS implements the
same function keys on all platforms. See README.kegs for fn key maps.
- I copied the debugger help from Frederic Devernay's KEGS-SDL port.
- Fixed an old IWM bug causing bad nibblization due to using uninit vars.
- Gilles Tschopp workaround to use corrupted 2IMG files (from KEGS-OSX).
- Gilles Tschopp provided code to zero //gs memory at startup (from KEGS-OSX)
- Simple code to try to use Mac Diskcopy format disks
- Ignore writes to 0xc0a8
- Search in $HOME and the launch directory (for mac) for kegs_conf/ROM
- Remove font65.sim file by integrating it into kegsfont.h.
- "-bw" option forces black and white hires mode.
Changes in KEGS v0.60 since v0.59 (10/03/00)
- The 16-bit colors were still wrong due to another coding error. It would
be much easier to get this right if I had a 16-bit color display...
A user says it works now.
Changes in KEGS v0.59 since v0.58 (7/07/00)
- Added support for multiple paths to the default files and also multiple
names for many default files. This should make the .rpm distribution
work better.
- Add another keycode to mean break according to mic@research.nj.nec.com.
- Add support for various ROMs to get plugged into slot 1-7.
- Fix code so that it should compile on 64-bit platforms.
Changes in KEGS v0.58 since v0.57 (2/08/00)
- Setting the execute bit on the disk image no longer means no-write-thru.
Too many new users were getting confused by this.
- Fixed another bug with Apple //e bank switching created by v0.56
Reported by phoenyx.
- Add command line option "-v" to turn on some verbose debugging flags.
- Fixed potential core-dump bug with non-8 bit visuals.
- Fixed double-lo-res color problem.
- The X driver should work with any visual depth display now and get the
colors right. Ian Schmidt reported his 16-bit card had bad colors.
Changes in KEGS v0.57 since v0.56 (12/27/99)
- Another try at making timezone stuff work across all Unix variants.
Let me know if the time in the Apple //gs control panel doesn't
match your real local time.
- Fix a bug created in v0.56 where the fast //e bank switch code had a typo.
This prevented ZBasic from working correctly.
Changes in KEGS v0.56 since v0.55 (10/31/99)
- Faster Apple //e bank switch emulation.
- Simplified number of global variables for various softswitches.
- Fixed a bug which made 3.5" and 5.25" disk access much slower than necessary.
- Improved scan-line interrupt accuracy (lets MEGADEMO run).
- Improved sound interrupt accuracy (was hoping this would fix some sound
issues, but it doesn't seem to help).
- Add Mode_switch as an alias for the Option key
- I noticed the //gs self-tests were broken again--fixed.
Changes in KEGS v0.55 since v0.54 (10/19/99)
- In LOG_PC debug aid, add cycles to the trace
- Fix MEGADEMO bug where 3.5" disks weren't properly ejected. Needed to
look at iwm.motor_on35 not iwm.motor_on.
- Temp fix for MEGADEMO to not halt if shadow-in-all-banks is on in $c036.
- Another MEGADEMO fix to not take a scan-line int if the SCB was cleared
right before the raster got to this line.
- Fix bug in smartport.c that was causing core dumps if you tried to init
a disk is s7dx.
Changes in KEGS v0.54 since v0.53 (10/10/99)
- Add support for Out Of This World's direct reading of ADB RAM loc 0xb to
get key status. This lets shift/control work in OOTW.
- Code simplification to get rid of most set_halt() calls and use halt_printf.
- Speed improvement: track kpc (merged kbank and pc in one 32 bit variable)
which makes the inner loop faster. This does make KEGS not
accurately model a 65816 code crossing bank boundaries, but just
about every other emulator gets it wrong, and the speed improvement
is 5-10%. And I don't know of any code which relies on it
working correctly.
- Fix to allow better GS/OS compatibility: after each smartport call,
set 0x7f8 = 0xc7.
- Fixed ZipGS emulation bug where KEGS was not re-locking Zip at the right
time, which made double-hires not work after booting GS/OS.
Changes in KEGS v0.53 since v0.52 (8/3/99)
- Move all the "fcycles" timing calculations to use double instead of float.
- Fix display shadowing bug reported by "phoenyx" which caused the text
display to not always be updated correctly with funny bank switching.
- Added the "Home" key as an alias for the '=' on the keypad.
- Changed the way X modifiers are interpreted to increase compatibility of
Caps Lock to more X servers.
- Add -dhr140 option to use old double-hires color mode that results in
exactly 140 horizontal pixels with no bleeding. It's set default
to "on" for now while I work out double-hires colors.
- Started adding some ZipGS compatibility--control panels run, but all
the controls are effectively ignored by KEGS.
Changes in KEGS v0.52 since v0.51 (6/27/99)
- Small speed-up of interpreter loop to avoid checking the global variable
"halt_sim" after every instruction.
- Smartport fixes to avoid halts when the SCSI CD player NDA is installed.
- Fix to autodetect X visual depth (it didn't work at all in v0.51).
- Fix to HP binary--KEGS v0.51 hit an HP linker bug which caused the
executable to not run correctly. (It didn't obey an assembly-
language alignment command correctly). Re-ordering the object
list works around the problem.
Changes in KEGS v0.51 since v0.50 (6/1/99)
- Fixed many bugs that crept into scanline interrupts over the last few months.
- RAM size is now settable on the commandline: -mem 0x400000 will use
a 4MB expansion RAM card (giving you 4.25MB of memory with ROM 01).
- VBL time used to be a variable (which was wrong)--it's now always the
same number of cycles.
- Typo preventing joystick_driver.c from compiling fixed.
- Auto senses X visual depth, searching for 8 bit, then 15 bit, then 24,
then 16 bit visuals. Can still override this with commandline.
Changes in KEGS v0.50 since v0.49 (5/31/99)
- Added Linux joystick support with code provided by Jonathan Stark.
Activate with "-joystick" command line option.
- Small improvements in s7 device handling. If you have no s7 devices or no
bootable devices, KEGS launches Applesoft.
- Bug fix in scan-line interrupts--they were occurring at the wrong time
previously.
- Rewrote double-hires color routines. They're still not quite right,
but it's a lot better than it used to be.
Changes in KEGS v0.49 since v0.48 (5/3/99)
- Fixed a key-repeat bug in v0.48 caused usually with shift-key sequences.
- Fixed bug where GNO would not work with ROM 03. ROM area at $C071-$C07F
is different from ROM 01.
- Ian Schmidt pointed out a special Ensoniq case where an oscillator in
one-shot mode can cause it's partner to start if it is in swap mode.
- Integrated in Geoff Weiss's Solaris x86 ports. I might have broken it
making a few last-minute changes...
Changes in KEGS v0.48 since v0.47 (4/13/99)
- Even better ADB key repeat--key rollover works more like a real Apple //gs.
- IWM fix: some "smarport" modes were being activated sometimes during
normal 3.5" accesses, resulting in some games not loading correctly.
- Some fixes to serial port emulation to handle programs writing to
the serial port in MIDI mode when the chars will not be consumed.
- Smartport fix to set zero-page locations $42-$47, needed by some poorly-
written game loaders
- The "oscilloscope" effect in some sound-demos now shows the sounds
being played.
Changes in KEGS v0.47 since v0.46 (4/7/99)
- ADB fix #1: reading $c010 should give key-down status better
- ADB fix #2: key repeat was stopping if modifier key pressed
- ADB fix #3: The game "Pirates" was crashing on startup due to a small bug.
- Bard's Tale 2 was freezing on startup due to a bug in the WAI instruction.
- Major serial port rewrite. Diversi-Tune now runs and sound OK (but there
are some small problems) and serial port emulation is better.
Changes in KEGS v0.46 since v0.45 (3/21/99)
- Fix for undefined var in engine_c.c. Oops.
- Fix for old bug in engine_c.c causing KEGS to sometimes misinterpret
instructions which cross page boundaries. Was causing Thexder not
to work, at least.
Changes in KEGS v0.45 since v0.44 (3/20/99)
- Fix for COP instruction in engine_c.c. Pointed out by Kelvin Sherlock.
- Major fixes to Ensoniq emulation, SynthLab sounds much better.
- Fix to iwm.c to deal with corrupt 2IMG archives a little better.
Changes in KEGS v0.44 since v0.43 (2/23/99)
- -audio 0 option would often cause programs to hang. Bug was that the
audio rate was defaulting to '0' which confused KEGS.
- Made keycode 0x072 be the XK_Break key for XFree86
Changes in KEGS v0.43 since v0.42 (2/19/99)
- Support .nib 5.25" format as read-only
- Faster 3.5" nibblization routines (should make startup faster)
- Fixed a very-old 3.5" disk writing bug that made bit-copiers not work
Changes in KEGS v0.42 since v0.41 (2/1/99)
- Include <errno.h> to fix Linux compile problem
- Fix relative branch timing bug that was making IWM emulation flaky
(backward branches should count as 3 cycles if to the same page,
and 4 if to a different page in emulation mode. Bug always counted
them as 4)
- Gave up on fast 5.25" writes--KEGS always slows to 1MHz for 5.25"
writes since the timing and kludges just got too annoying.
- add "-arate 22050" option to change audio sample rate on the command-line.
Slower audio rates can hit more audio bugs (I'm working on them).
- fixed little-endian bug in smartport.c and partls.c
- fixed side border redraw bug that would sometimes leave super-hires
images on the right-side border.
Changes in KEGS v0.41 since v0.40 (1/19/99)
- Fixed bug where fill-line mode would not always redraw the screen correctly
- Changed some // comments to /* */ to help David Wilson's Solaris port
- Fixed little-endian bugs in smartport.c preventing mounting of
parititioned disks. Fix submitted by Jonathan Stark.
- Christopher Neufeld noted that fast space/delete option in the control
panel caused KEGS to hit breakpoints. I fixed this and fast arrows and
fast mouse options (they are now just ignored).
- Solaris port by David Wilson now provides a Makefile_solaris
Changes in KEGS v0.40 since v0.39 (10/25/98)
- 15 and 24 bit depth displays now supported (though somewhat slower than
8 bit displays). But Super-hires displays now show 256
simultaneous colors on a 16- or 24-bit X display.
Select a 15-bit display with the cmd line option "-15" and
a 24-bit display with "-24". Otherwise, KEGS defaults to looking
for an 8-bit display, and fails if it cannot find one.
- Some border fixes--border colors now update correctly when palette
changes occur (like via F10).
- Alias F1 to ESC for OS/2.
Changes in KEGS v0.39 since v0.38 (9/13/98)
- OS/2 port by Tschopp Gilles
- handle cr&lf better in disk_conf
- Drive letters work and are not confused with partition names, so
s7d1 = D:\images\cd:1 will open partition 1 correctly.
- KEGS no longer uses system() to do file copies, it does it all
using POSIX calls.
- Unix-specific socket calls moved from scc.c to scc_driver.h
- Default X handler re-installed properly now for better debug
- Nasty core dump bug found and fixed by Tschopp Gilles in disk switch code
Changes in KEGS v0.38 since v0.37 (7/28/98)
- IWM bugs:
- fast_disk_emul off under GS/OS caused I/O errors.
KEGS was always slowing down to 1MHz when 5.25" drive was on, when
it should have been obeying the $C036 register.
- bug in IWM on little-endian processors
- disk ejection should now work, but a beta user claimed some bugs on
x86 Linux.
- 2IMG support, but only lightly tested.
- Removed some internal breaks on access to $C0B0 for tool033.
- Modulae also stumbled into some breakpoints by writing to $C02F,
which does nothing.
- Screen refresh simplified (for me) by redrawing the screen while
raster is on first scan-line, rather than line 200.
However, a side effect is some of the graphics during the XMAS DEMO
look a bit choppier.
- More SCC fixes to avoid breakpoints under GNO.
- Start support for sound under Linux, but it sounds horrible right now.
Any Linux sound gurus want to help out?
- Fixed possible array-overrun bug in video.c around border effects.
Maybe shared memory works under x86 Linux now?
- Made changes for OS/2 port to fopen() text files. From Blue Neon.
Changes in KEGS v0.37 since v0.36 (7/13/98)
- Linux PPC port completed and functional. KEGS has been tested to
run quite well and quite fast on a 240MHz 604e running
MkLinux pre-DR3.
- Change LITTLE_ENDIAN define to KEGS_LITTLE_ENDIAN since Linux
always defines LITTLE_ENDIAN as a silly macro.
- Dumb bug in IWM 3.5" routines could cause core dumps if disk arm moved
from outer track to inner track very quickly.
- Deleted some breakpoints that some Second Sight searching code would hit.
- Ignore some SCC reset commands GNO would use that caused KEGS to stop.
- Handle odd partitions better--some //gs formatted Zips had a blocksize
of 0, which defaults to 512 now.
- Handle some keysyms better to avoid MkLinux bug with keysym 0.
Changes in KEGS v0.36 since v0.35 (5/30/98)
- Linux x86 port completed and functional with help from Karl Pfleger
- Linux clock fixes--should handle daylight savings better on Linux
- LITTLE_ENDIAN defines
- Start making fixes for NeXTStep due to Eric Sunshine
- Fixed bug in HP asm code with I/O fetches--caused //gs selftests to fail
and a bug in scc.c was also causing self-tests to fail.
Changes in KEGS v0.35 since v0.34 (5/17/98)
- engine_c.c fully implemented--KEGS now has a version completely written
in C, and now portable to other Unix machines.
- KEGS got another 5% faster with more tweaks to the asm dispatch loop.
Changes in KEGS v0.34 since v0.33
- KEGS is 10-15% faster due to finally implementing a planned recoding
of the dispatch loop.
Changes in KEGS v0.33 since v0.32 (5/7/98)
- Fixed bug in engine_s.s that prevented compiling on pre-10.20 systems.
- ADB mouse interrupts work now. Fixed "bug" where GSHK would think
mouse button was depressed at startup. (GS/OS is looking at mouse
button 1 status, which accidentally was reading as down).
- ADB emulation of read char_sets and read_kbd_layouts now matches a real
//gs.
- optimization to allow dereferencing page_info[] even if BANK_IO is set,
to get a small speed improvement in engines_s:dispatch().
- SCC logs are 'Z' at the disas prompt.
- Tool decoded is 'T' at the disas prompt.
- SCC changes to support slot 1 == port 6501 and slot 2 == port 6502,
with limited interrupt support. Most serial tasks won't work still,
but some do. PR#1/2 and IN#1/2 work fine. getty under GNO doesn't.
- -audio [0/1] forces audio off/on. This just stops the sound playing--
internally all Ensoniq interrupts/etc are fully emulated. If display
is not using shared memory (i.e., it's remote), audio defaults to off.
(but can be forced on with -audio 1).
- -display {foo} sends X display to {foo}.
Changes in KEGS v0.32 since v0.31 (10/23/97)
- Faster dispatch loop, for a 10-15% overall performance improvement
- Fixed sound bug where Oversampler would make KEGS halt (Oversampler
said turn on 128 oscillators, and KEGS tried to...)
- Fixed bug where KEGS would not work on 24-bit displays due to a typo.
- Added frame skipping support (-skip n) and auto frame skipping if you
are not using shared memory (like displaying KEGS to a remote machine).
- Added -noshm support for forcing off shared memory, so you can see how
much it helps.
Changes in KEGS v0.31 since v0.30 (9/23/97)
- New mouse handling--Press F8 to hide X windows cursor and constrain
cursor inside window. Makes using the mouse much easier.
F8 toggles back to normal.
- Add revision to status area.
- Remove "slow memory" calculation. KEGS was emulating slowing down to
1MHz to write to slow memory (bank $E0 or $E1). But true //gs
accelerators have a smarter trick, so I just removed it from
KEGS. KEGS still slows down for I/O reads and writes.
This eliminates the confusing 40MHz speed numbers you'd sometimes get.
KEGS can also now run faster when it would have slowed down to
1MHz before.
- Turn off accurate IWM emulation be default, for much faster emulation.
Bit copiers won't work by default now. Toggle accurate IWM
with F7. Accurate IWM forces 1MHz speed for 5.25" and 2.5MHz for
3.5", but less accurate IWM runs as fast as possible.
- Add optional size to s7dx entries in disk_conf, to allow using /dev/rfloppy.
- Allow mounting partitions by number, instead of just by name, since some
Mac-formatted Zip disks don't have partition names.
- Add -ignbadacc to ignore bad memory accesses.
- Increase MAX_C030_TIMES. Otherwise, fast workstations could generate too
many clicks per VBL, causing an assertion to fail.
- Small speed increase detecting changes in the superhires screen.
- Alt_L is now Open-Apple, and Alt_R is Closed-Apple.
- KEGS now uses just one private colormap, so xwd can get screendumps.

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</object>
</array>
<string name="name">_NSWindowsMenu</string>
</object>
</object>
</array>
<string name="name">_NSMainMenu</string>
</object>
<reference idRef="127"/>
<reference idRef="131"/>
<object class="IBCarbonMenuItem" id="153">
<string name="title">Window</string>
<object name="submenu" class="IBCarbonMenu">
<string name="title">Window</string>
<array count="5" name="items">
<object class="IBCarbonMenuItem">
<boolean name="dynamic">TRUE</boolean>
<string name="title">Minimize Window</string>
<string name="keyEquivalent">m</string>
<ostype name="command">mini</ostype>
</object>
<object class="IBCarbonMenuItem">
<boolean name="dynamic">TRUE</boolean>
<string name="title">Minimize All Windows</string>
<string name="keyEquivalent">m</string>
<int name="keyEquivalentModifier">1572864</int>
<ostype name="command">mini</ostype>
</object>
<object class="IBCarbonMenuItem">
<boolean name="separator">TRUE</boolean>
</object>
<object class="IBCarbonMenuItem">
<boolean name="dynamic">TRUE</boolean>
<string name="title">Bring All to Front</string>
<ostype name="command">frnt</ostype>
</object>
<object class="IBCarbonMenuItem">
<boolean name="dynamic">TRUE</boolean>
<string name="title">Bring in Front</string>
<int name="keyEquivalentModifier">1572864</int>
<ostype name="command">frnt</ostype>
</object>
</array>
<string name="name">_NSWindowsMenu</string>
</object>
</object>
<reference idRef="184"/>
<reference idRef="185"/>
<reference idRef="187"/>
<reference idRef="190"/>
<reference idRef="191"/>
<reference idRef="192"/>
<reference idRef="193"/>
<reference idRef="194"/>
<reference idRef="195"/>
<reference idRef="196"/>
<reference idRef="197"/>
<reference idRef="198"/>
<reference idRef="199"/>
<reference idRef="200"/>
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<array count="18" name="allParents">
<reference idRef="1"/>
<reference idRef="29"/>
<reference idRef="127"/>
<reference idRef="29"/>
<reference idRef="185"/>
<reference idRef="29"/>
<reference idRef="184"/>
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<reference idRef="195"/>
<reference idRef="29"/>
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<reference idRef="195"/>
<reference idRef="195"/>
<reference idRef="184"/>
<reference idRef="184"/>
<reference idRef="131"/>
</array>
<dictionary count="2" name="nameTable">
<string>Files Owner</string>
<reference idRef="1"/>
<string>MenuBar</string>
<reference idRef="29"/>
</dictionary>
<unsigned_int name="nextObjectID">201</unsigned_int>
</object>

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NOTE: The build process changed as of KEGS v0.70!
General build instructions:
--------------------------
You need to build with a make utility. I've only tested GNU make.
There's a default Makefile, which should work for nearly any environment.
The Makefile includes a file called "vars" which defines the platform-
dependent variables. You need to make vars point to the appropriate
file for your machine.
This makes my maintenance of the diverse platforms a bit easier.
WIN32 build instructions:
------------------------
See the file README.win32 for build instructions and other information
for Microsoft Windows.
Mac OS X build instructions (the default):
------------------------------------------
KEGS is easy to compile. Just cd to the src directory and type "make".
KEGS requires perl to be in your path (or just edit the vars file to give
the full path to wherever you installed perl). Perl version 4 or 5 is
fine.
After the "make" has finished, it will create the application KEGSMAC.
To run, see README.mac.
X86 Linux build instructions:
----------------------------
Use the vars_x86linux file with:
rm vars; ln -s vars_x86linux vars
make
KEGS assumes perl is in your path. If it is somewhere else, you need to edit
the "PERL = perl" line in the vars file and make it point to the correct place.
For audio, KEGS needs access to /dev/dsp. If the permissions do not allow
KEGS to access /dev/dsp, it can fail with a cryptic error message. As root,
just do: "chmod 666 /dev/dsp".
PowerPC Linux build instructions:
----------------------------
Use the vars_linuxppc vars file by:
rm vars; ln -s vars_linuxppc vars
make
KEGS assumes perl is in your path. If it is somewhere else, you need to edit
the "PERL = perl" line in the vars file and make it point to the correct place.
Audio is currently disabled by default, but you can try turning it on
by runnning "kegs -audio 1". It sounds horrible to me, but sounds do
come out.
Solaris SPARC build instructions:
--------------------------------
Use the vars_solaris vars file by:
rm vars; ln -s vars_solaris vars
make
KEGS assumes perl is in your path. If it is somewhere else, you need to edit
the "PERL = perl" line in the vars file and make it point to the correct place.
Audio is currently disabled by default, but you can try turning it on
by runnning "kegs -audio 1".
Solaris x86 build instructions:
--------------------------------
Use the vars_x86solaris vars file by:
rm vars; ln -s vars_x86solaris vars
make
KEGS assumes perl is in your path. If it is somewhere else, you need to edit
the "PERL = perl" line in the vars file and make it point to the correct place.
Audio is currently disabled by default, but you can try turning it on
by runnning "kegs -audio 1".
HP-UX assembly-emulation instructions:
-------------------------------------
Use the vars_hp vars file by:
rm vars; ln -s vars_hp vars
Edit the Makefile, and remove "engine_c.o" from the "OBJECTS1=" line at
the top. Then just type "make".
Other platform "C" build instructions:
-------------------------------------
I don't know--you tell me. If you are porting to an X-windows and
Unix-based machine, it should be easy. Start with vars_x86linux if
you are a little-endian machine, or vars_linuxppc if you are big
endian. Don't define -DKEGS_LITTLE_ENDIAN unless your processor is
little-endian (x86, Alpha). Mac, Sun, MIPS, HP, Motorola, and IBM are
big-endian.

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KEGS: Kent's Emulated GS version 0.86
http://kegs.sourceforge.net/
What is this?
-------------
KEGS is an Apple IIgs emulator for Mac OS X, Linux, and Win32.
The Apple IIgs was the last released computer in the Apple II line.
It first was sold in 1986.
KEGS supports all Apple IIgs graphics modes (which include all Apple //e
modes), plus plays all Apple IIgs sounds accurately. It supports
limited serial port emulation through sockets, or can use real serial ports
on Windows and Mac OS X.
The ROMs and GS/OS (the Apple IIgs operating system) are not included
with KEGS since they are not freely distributable. KEGS is a little
user-hostile now, so if something doesn't work, let me know what went
wrong, and I'll try to help you out. See my email address at the end of
this file.
KEGS features:
-------------
Fast 65816 emulation:
About 80MHz on a P4 1.7GHz or a G4 1GHz.
Emulates low-level 5.25" and 3.5" drive accesses (even nibble-copiers work!).
Emulates classic Apple II sound and 32-voice Ensoniq sound.
All sound is played in 16-bit stereo at 48KHz (44100 on a Mac).
Emulates all Apple IIgs graphics modes, including border effects.
Can handle mixed-displays (superhires at the top, lores at the bottom).
Always does 60 full screen video updates per second.
Even supports 3200-color pictures.
Mouse and joystick support.
Emulates all Apple IIgs memory "tricks" for full compatibility.
Low-level ADB keyboard and mouse emulation enables Wolfenstein 3D to run.
Clock chip emulation makes the host time available to the Apple IIgs.
Emulated battery RAM remembers control panel settings.
Limited SCC (serial port) emulation to enable PR#1/2 IN#1/2 and other
serial programs to work.
KEGS by default emulates a 8MB Apple IIgs, but you can change this with
the "-mem" command line option.
KEGS is so accurate, even the built-in ROM selftests pass (you must be in
2.8MHz speed mode to pass the self-tests).
Release info:
------------
Included files:
CHANGES - Description of changes since last release
README.kegs - you're here
README.compile - Describes how to build KEGS
README.linux.rpm - Describes how to install KEGS's RPM for Linux
README.win32 - Win32 special directions
README.mac - Mac OS X special directions
INTERNALS.overview - description of how KEGS code works
INTERNALS.xdriver - Describes the xdriver.c routines for porting
INTERNALS.iwm - Describes the internal 3.5" and 5.25" disk
handling routines
kegs - the executable, for HP-UX 10.20+
kegs.spec - The Linux spec file for making an RPM
kegs_conf - disk image configuration info
to_pro - Hard-to-use ProDOS volume creator
partls - Lists partitions on Apple-partitioned hard
drives or CD-ROMs
src/ - All the source code, with a Makefile
You need to provide:
1) Patience.
2) a ROM file called "ROM", "ROM.01" or "ROM.03" in the KEGS directory.
It can be either from a ROM 01 (131072 bytes long) or from a
ROM 03 machine (262144 bytes long.)
3) A disk image to boot. This can be either "raw" format or 2IMG.
See discussion below. GS/OS would be best.
Getting ROMs
------------
You need a copy of the memory from fe/0000 - ff/ffff from a ROM 01 GS
or fc/0000 - ff/ffff from a ROM 03 GS, and put that in a file called
"ROM". I'll eventually write detailed instructions on how to do this.
Running KEGS:
------------
The distribution comes in 3 parts: a source-only distribution (kegs.xxx.tar.gz),
along with two binary distributions for Mac and Windows.
See the README.compile file for more info about compiling for Linux.
On all platforms except the Mac, you must start KEGS from a terminal
window. KEGS will open a new window and use the window you started it from
as a "debug" window.
On a MAC, you need to place the "config.kegs" file someplace where KEGS
can find it. The simplest place is in your home directory, so copy it there
with the Finder (or using the Terminal).
Start kegs by Double-clicking the KEGSMAC icon on a MAC, or by running
the executable (kegswin on Windows, and kegs on Linux). KEGSMAC can
be run by the Terminal window as well (which enables access to more debug
information) by typing: "./KEGSMAC.app/Contents/MacOS/KEGSMAC".
Assuming all goes well, KEGS will then boot up but probably not find any
disk images. See below for how to tell KEGS what disk images to use.
Tip: Hitting "F8" locks the mouse in the window (and hides the host cursor)
until you hit "F8" again.
Disk Images:
-----------
You tell KEGS what disk images to use through the Configuration panel.
You enter the Configuration panel by pressing F4 at any time. Then select,
"Disk Configuration". Each slot and drive that can be loaded with an image
is listed. "s5d1" means slot 5, drive 1. Slot 5 devices are 3.5" 800K disks,
and slot 6 devices are 5.25" 140K disks. Slot 7 devices are virtual hard
drives, and can be any size at all (although ProDOS-formatted drives
should be less than 32MB).
Just use the arrow keys to navigate to the device entry to change,
and then select it by pressing Return. A scrollable file selection
interface is presented, letting you located your image files. To
save navigation, you can press Tab to toggle between entering a path
manually, and using the selector. Press Return on ".." entries to go up
a directory level. When you find the image you want, just press Return.
If the image has partitions that KEGS supports, another selection
dialog will have you select which partition to mount. You will probably
only have partitions on direct devices you mount. For instance, on a
Mac, /dev/disk1 is usually the CDROM drive.
KEGS can handle "raw", .dsk, .po, 2IMG, 5.25" ".nib" images, some Mac
Diskcopy images and partitioned images. The .dsk and .po formats you often
find on the web are really "raw" formats, and so they work fine. KEGS uses
the host file permissions to encode the read/write status of the image.
An image is the representation of an Apple IIgs disk, but in a file on
your computer. For 3.5" disks, for example, a raw image would be exactly
800K bytes long (819200 bytes). KEGS intercepts the emulated GS accesses to
the image, and does the correct reads and writes of the Unix file instead.
To do "useful" things with KEGS, you need to get a bootable disk image.
You can go to http://www.info.apple.com/support/oldersoftwarelist.html and
get Apple IIgs System 6. Unfortunately, Apple now only has .sea files which
are executable files for Macintosh only. You need a macintosh to execute
those programs, which creates Disk Copy image files with no special extensions
(and with spaces in the names). Once you get those files back to your
host machine, you can use them by listing them in kegs_conf.
KEGS also supports partitioned devices. For instance, if you have a CD-ROM
on your computer, just pop an Apple II CD in, and KEGS can mount it, if
you have a Unix-base system (Linux, any Unix, and Mac OS X).
If you're on a Mac, be careful letting KEGS use your HFS partitions--
GSOS has many HFS bugs when it is writing.
If you do not have any disk mounted in s7d1, KEGS will jump into BASIC.
Support for 5.25" nibblized images is read-only for now (since the
format is kinda simplistic, it's tricky for KEGS to write to it).
Just mount your image, like "disk.nib" in the kegs_conf file like
any .dsk or .po image.
Key summary:
-----------
F1: Alias of Command
F2: Alias of Option
F3: Alias of ESC for OS/2 compatibility.
F4: Configuration Panel
F6: Toggle through the 4 speeds: Unlimited, 1MHz, 2.8MHz, 8.0MHz
Shift-F6: Enter KEGS debugger
F7: Toggle fast_disk_emul on/off
F8: Toggle pointer hiding on/off.
F9: Invert the sense of the joystick.
Shift-F9: Swap x and y joystick/paddle axes.
F10: Attempt to change the a2vid_palette (only useful on 8-bit color display)
F11: Full screen mode (does not do anything yet).
F12: Alias of Pause/Break which is treated as Reset
F2, Alt_R, Meta_r, Menu, Print, Mode_switch, Option: Option key
F1, Alt_L, Meta_L, Cancel, Scroll_lock, Command: Command key
Num_Lock: Keypad "Clear".
F12, Pause, Break: Reset
"Home": Alias for "=" on the keypad (since my Unix keyboard doesn't have an =).
Using KEGS:
----------
The host computer mouse is the Apple IIgs mouse and joystick by default.
By default, the host pointer is not constrained inside the window and
remains visible. Press F8 to hide the cursor and constrain the mouse. F8
again toggles out of constrain mode. When the GSOS desktop is running,
KEGS hides the host cursor automatically and enables special tracking
which forces the emulated cursor to follow the host cursor. If this doesn't
work right under some program, just press F8 for better compatibility.
The default joystick is the mouse position. Upper left is 0,0. Lower right
is 255,255. Press Shift-F9 to swap the X and Y axes. Press F9 to reverse
the sense of both paddles (so 0 becomes 255, etc). Swapping and
reversing are convenient with paddle-based games like "Little Brick Out"
so that the mouse will be moving like the paddle on the screen. "Little
Brick Out" is on the DOS 3.3 master disk. The joystick does not work
properly if the pointer is constrained in the window.
If you have a real joystick on Linux, start KEGS with "-joystick" and
you should be able to use it. Real joysticks should also work on Windows.
The left mouse button is the mouse button for KEGS. The right mouse
button (if you have it) or F6 toggles between four speed modes. Mode 0
(the default) means run as fast as possible. Mode 1 means run at 1MHz.
Mode 2 means run at 2.8MHz. Mode 3 means run at 8.0MHz (about the speed
of a ZipGS accelerator). Most Apple //e (or earlier) games need to be
run at 1MHz. Many Apple IIgs demos must run at 2.8MHz or they crash. Try
running ornery programs at 2.8MHz. 3200 pictures generally only display
correctly at 2.8MHz or sometimes 8.0MHz.
The middle mouse button or Shift-F6 causes KEGS to stop emulation, and enter
the debugger. You can continue with "g" then return in the debug window.
You can also disassemble memory, etc. The section "Debugging KEGS"
above describes the debugger interface a little more.
KEGS has no pop-up menus or other interactive interfaces (other than
the debug window). Input to the debug window is only acted upon when
the emulation is stopped by hitting a breakpoint or pressing the right-most
mouse button.
Quitting KEGS:
-------------
Just close the main KEGS window, and KEGS will exit cleanly. Or you
can select Quit from the menu. Or enter ctrl-c in the debugger window.
Or press the middle-mouse button in the emulation window, and then type
"q" return in the debug window.
Debugging KEGS:
--------------
KEGS by default now continues emulation even when it detects buggy programs
running. (Now I know why Appleworks GS always seemed to crash!).
KEGS divides buggy programs into two severities: Code Yellow and Code Red.
The status is displayed in words in the text area under the emulation window.
If nothing's wrong, nothing is printed.
A Yellow bug is a mild bug where an Apple IIgs program merely read an
invalid location. Although completely harmless, it indicates the potential
for some Apple IIgs program bug which may become more severe shortly.
For instance, closing the "About This Apple IIgs" window in the Finder
causes a code yellow alert, but it seems quite harmless.
A Code Red bug is a more serious problem. The Apple IIgs program either
tried to write non-existent memory, entered an invalid system state, or
perhaps just tried to use an Apple IIgs feature which KEGS does not implement
yet. Note that entering GSBUG tends to cause a Code Red alert always, so if
you intended to enter it, you can ignore it. My recommendation is to
save work immediately (to new files) and restart KEGS if you get into the
Red mode.
KEGS also supports breakpoints and watchpoints. In the debug window, you
set a breakpoint at an address by typing the address, followed by a 'B'
(it must be in caps). To set a breakpoint on the interrupt jump point,
type:
e1/0010B
To list all breakpoints, just type 'B' with no number in front of it.
To delete a breakpoint, enter its address followed by 'D', so
e1/0010D
deletes the above breakpoint. The addresses work like the IIgs monitor:
once you change banks, you can use shortcut addresses:
e1/0010B
14B
will add breakpoints at e1/0010 and e1/0014.
This is a "transparent" breakpoint--memory is not changed. But any
read or write to that address will cause KEGS to halt. So you can
set breakpoints on I/O addresses, or ROM, or whatever. Setting a breakpoint
slows KEGS down somewhat, but only on accesses to the 256 byte "page"
the breakpoint is on. Breakpoints are not just instruction breakpoints,
they also cause KEGS to halt on any data access, too (usually called
watchpoints).
Frederic Devernay has written a nice help screen available in the
debugger when you type "h".
KEGS command-line option summary:
--------------------------------
-mem {mem_amt}: KEGS will use mem_amt as the amount of expansion RAM in
the IIgs. This memory is in addition to the 256KB on a ROM 01
motherboard, or 1MB on a ROM 03. The memory is in bytes,
and it will be rounded down to the nearest 64KB. "-mem 0x800000"
will use 8MB of expansion RAM (the default).
-badrd: Causes KEGS to halt on any access to invalid memory addresses.
Useful for debugging. By default, KEGS allows reads to invalid
memory since the Finder does some (especially when you open the
About window, and then close it). But KEGS warns you about these
accesses in the debug window. In general, these warnings
indicate buggy programs. If the warnings get severe, it's
a good sign you should quit KEGS and start over before the
emulated program crashes. -badrd would be the default for KEGS
if it wasn't for the Finder's About window's problem.
-ignbadacc: Causes KEGS to allow reads & writes to invalid memory
addresses without printing any warnings. Useful for running
extremely buggy programs so you don't have to see all the warning
messages scroll by.
-skip: KEGS will "skip" that many screen redraws between refreshes.
-skip 0 will do 60 frames per second, -skip 1 will do 30 fps,
-skip 5 will do 10 fps.
-audio [0/1]: Forces audio [off/on]. By default, audio is on unless
the X display is a remote machine or shared memory is off.
This switch can override the default. -audio 0 causes KEGS to
not fork the background audio process, but Ensoniq emulation
is still 100% accurate, just the sound is not sent to the
workstation speaker. Audio defaults off on Linux for now.
-arate {num}: Forces audio sample rate to {num}. 44100 and 48000 are
usual, you can try 22050 to reduce KEGS's overhead. On a reasonably
fast machine (>250MHz or so), you shouldn't need to mess with this.
-dhr140: Will use the old Double-hires color algorithm that results in
exactly 140 colors across the screen, as opposed to the blending
being done by default.
X-Windows/Linux options
-15: KEGS will only look for a 15-bit X-Window display.
-16: KEGS will only look for a 16-bit X-Window display (not tested, probably
will get red colors wrong).
-24: KEGS will only look for a 24-bit X-Window display.
-display {machine:0.0}: Same as setting the environment variable DISPLAY.
Sends X display to {machine:0.0}.
-joystick: Will use /dev/js0 as the joystick.
-noshm: KEGS will not try to used shared memory for the X graphics display.
This will make KEGS much slower on graphics-intensive tasks,
by as much as a factor of 10! By default, -noshm causes an
effective -skip of 3 which is 15 fps. You can override this
default by specifying a -skip explicitly.
Command/Option keys:
-------------------
If you have a workstation keyboard with the new Windows keys, you can
use them as the command/option keys. This is what I use. Since many people
don't have the PC keyboard, there are several alternatives.
The following keys are Option (closed-apple) (not all keyboards have all
keys): F2, Meta_R, Alt_R, Cancel, Print_screen, Mode_switch, Option,
or the Windows key just to the right of the spacebar. The following keys are
Command (open-apple): F1, Meta_L, Alt_L, Menu, Scroll_lock, Command,
the Windows key left of the spacebar, and the Windows key on the far right
that looks like a pull-down menu. You can use F1 and F2 if you cannot make
anything else work.
If you can't get any of these to work on your machine, let me know.
Note that X Windows often has other things mapped to Meta- and Alt-
key sequences, so they often don't get passed through to KEGS. So it's
best to use another key instead of Alt or Meta.
The joystick/paddle buttons are just the Command and Option keys.
Reset:
-----
The reset key is Pause/Break or F12. You must hit it with Ctrl to get it to
take effect (just like a real Apple IIgs). Ctrl-Command-Reset
forces a reboot. Ctrl-Command-Option-Reset enters selftests.
Selftests will pass if you force speed to 2.8MHz using the middle
button. Watch out for ctrl-shift-Break--it will likely kill your
X Windows session.
Control Panel:
-------------
You can get to the Apple IIgs control panel (unless some application
has locked it out) using Ctrl-Command-ESC.
How to use "to_pro":
-------------------
This lame utility serves two purposes: It "formats" large disk images,
and lets you move files from Unix into the simulator. It does this
by taking the files you provide, and putting them onto Unix file called
"POOF1" that is an image in ProDOS format.
So, if you have a wolfdemo.bxy file from an FTP site, you can get it
into the emulator by:
to_pro -800 wolfdemo.bxy
which creates an 800K Unix file called "POOF1". POOF1 is now an
image that can be loaded into KEGS, and when you catalog it, it will
have wolfdemo.bxy on it.
To create a 4MB image:
to_pro -4096 wolfdemo.bxy
which puts wolfdemo.bxy on a much larger image.
I don't know what happens if the file, wolfdemo.bxy, is bigger than
the image...it probably crashes.
Even if you want to format a "blank" image, you have to put something in it.
Like:
echo "This is a lame utility" > foo
to_pro -16384 foo
...creates a 16MB POOF1 with the file foo on it. Just delete foo
from within KEGS.
See? I told you it was a lame utility!
to_pro can handle up to 51 files at a time--for example:
to_pro -32000 *.shk
...would put all *.shk files in the current Unix directory into a 31.25MB
image called POOF1.
To_pro tries to truncate Unix filenames to the 15 character ProDOS
limit, and converts all punctuation to dots. I've tested it enough
that it has worked for my purposes.
The algorithm to_pro uses to create a disk volume is possibly suspect.
I recommend reformatting any images again inside KEGS (using GS/OS, for
instance) just to make sure the directory structure is good. To_pro
is intended to put files into images quickly and easily, and then to
copy the files off of those images onto images formatted from within
KEGS by an Apple IIgs OS.
Since ProDOS cannot handle > 32MB images, make sure you run to_pro with
arguments under 32767. I personally haven't tried a partition bigger
than 30000K (about 2.5MB short of the maximum). Well, you can use bigger
images if you format them HFS, but I don't trust the GS/OS HFS driver.
To_pro automatically sets the ProDOS filetype of files ending in ".shk"
to $E0.
Details on config.kegs and disk images
--------------------------------------
The file "config.kegs" describes the images KEGS will use. The sample
file has all the lines commented out with '#' to show sample uses.
Remember, KEGS will boot s7d1 (unless you've changed that using the
Apple IIgs control panel), so you must put an image in that slot.
Changing disks in slot 7 does not work, but you can move around
disks in slots 5 and 6. This allows you to "eject" disks and change them.
This is especially useful for multi-disk 5.25" programs.
KEGS uses the Unix permissions on raw disk images to decide how to load
it into the emulator. If the file is unreadable, it cannot load the
image (duh).
KEGS, by default, runs the IWM (3.5" and 5.25" disks) emulation in an
"approximate" mode, called "fast_disk_emul". In this mode, KEGS
emulates the hardware "faster" than real, meaning the data the code
being emulated expects is made available much faster than on a real
Apple IIgs, providing a nice speed boost. For instance, the 5.25"
drives run 10x the real speed usually. Almost everything will work
except for nibble copiers, which don't like the data coming this fast.
(Meaning, unless you're using a nibble copier, you shouldn't run into an
issue. All games/demos/etc run fine in this mode). To make nibble
copiers work, Press F7.
KEGS can read in the ".nib" nibblized disk format, but as read-only mode. If
the emulated image is no longer ProDOS or DOS 3.3 standard, KEGS will
automatically treat the image as "Not-write-through-to-Image" from then
on. This mode means KEGS will continue to emulate the disk properly in
memory, but it cannot encode the changes in the standard .dsk or .nib
image format. It prints a message saying it has done so. However,
the "disk" in emulation is fully useable as long as KEGS is running. A
standard reformatting will not cause an image to flip to not-write-
through-to-Image, but running things like a "drive-speed" test will cause
further changes not to propagate to the Unix file. You will need
to "eject" the image and re-insert it before writes will take effect.
In full accuracy mode (i.e., not fast_disk_emul), 5.25" drive accesses
force KEGS to run at 1MHz, and 3.5" drive accesses force KEGS to run at
2.5MHz.
KEGS Timing:
-----------
KEGS supports running at four speeds: 1MHz, 2.8MHz, 8.0MHz, and Unlimited.
Pressing the middle mouse button cycles between these modes. The 1MHz
and 2.8MHz speeds force KEGS to run at exactly those speeds, providing
accurate reproduction of a real Apple IIgs.
KEGS will always run at 1MHz at least. If it is unable to keep up,
it will extend the emulated time to maintain the illusion of running
at 1MHz. That is, it may do just 40 screen refreshes per real second,
instead of the usual 60. This happens rarely.
If you force KEGS to run at 1MHz, it will strive to run at exactly
1MHz (well, really 1.024MHz). If it is running faster (almost always),
it will pause briefly several times a second to maintain the 1MHz speed. It
does this in a friendly way that makes time available to other tasks.
This makes older Apple II games very playable just like a
real Apple IIgs on slow speed. KEGS is running at exactly the same
speed as an Apple //e when in 1MHz mode. The 1MHz mode you set
through the right mouse button overrides the "fast" mode you can access
through the control panel. But, 3.5" accesses will "speed up" to 2.8MHz
to enable that code to operate correctly while the 3.5" disk is being
accessed.
If you force KEGS to run at 2.8MHz, KEGS tries to run at exactly 2.8MHz. But
like a real unaccelerated Apple IIgs, if you set the control panel to
"slow", it will really be running at 1MHz. Accesses to 5.25" disk
automatically slow down to 1MHz, when running the IWM in accurate
mode (F7). KEGS may not be able to keep up with some programs running
at 2.8MHz due to video and sound overheads on lower-end machines. If
that happens, it effectively runs slower by extending the emulated
"second", like in the 1MHz mode. You can tell this is happening
when Eff MHz in the status area falls below 2.5MHz. If KEGS is running
faster than 2.8MHz, it takes small pauses to slow down, just like in
1MHz. Many Apple IIgs demos must be run at 2.8MHz. The built-in
selftests (cmd-option-ctrl-Reset) must run at 2.8MHz. Many Apple IIgs
action games are more playable at 2.8MHz.
The 8.0MHz setting means follow the ZipGS-selected speed, but don't go
faster than 8.0MHz. If your host computer cannot keep up, then the
emulated second will be extended. You can use the ZipGS control panel,
or ZIPPY.GS on the sample disk image to set the emulated ZipGS speed to
anything from 1MHz to 8MHz in .5MHz increments.
The Unlimited setting means run as fast as possible, whatever speed that
is (but always above 1MHz). Eff MHz gives you the current Apple IIgs
equivalent speed. Many games will be unplayable at the unlimited
setting. Setting the IIgs control panel speed to "slow" will slow down
to 1MHz.
Sound output has an interesting relationship to KEGS timing. KEGS must
play one second of sound per second of emulated time. Normally, this
works out exactly right. But as noted above, if KEGS can't maintain the
needed speed, it extends the emulated second. If it extends the second
to 1.4 real seconds, that means KEGS only produces 1.0 second of sound
data every 1.4 seconds--the sound breaks up!
In all cases, 1MHz to KEGS is 1.024MHz. And 2.8MHz to KEGS is 2.52MHz
(trying to approximate the slowdown causes by memory refresh on a real
Apple IIgs). It's just easier to say 1MHz and 2.8MHz.
KEGS SAMPLE_DISK:
----------------
I'm providing a sample disk of freely available utilities/programs to
demonstrate a little of what KEGS can do. I'm also including my simple
changes to a benchmark called "SPEEDTEST" to make it run under ProDOS and
time itself automatically. The SAMPLE_DISK is not bootable since I'm
not sure if I can distribute PRODOS (the OS).
SPEEDTEST:
---------
In the folder "SPEEDTEST", there are two BASIC programs. OLD.SPEEDTEST
is the old, unmodified DOS 3.3 emulator benchmark by Clayten Hamacher.
It does not run properly under ProDOS 8. My modified version is
SPEED.PRO, meaning converted to ProDOS. I made few modifications, other
than to make the benchmarks time themselves.
To run, just say "RUN SPEED.PRO". To run benchmarks, press "B". If
you say "A)ll tests", make sure you have a 5.25" disk image in s6d1!
(A blank 140K image will work fine).
This modified SPEED.PRO can run on ANY Apple IIgs emulator (or on the real
thing).
GSOS7, GSOS5, BYE.SYSTEM:
------------------------
These are handy utilities I use on my s7d1 boot disk. Get a GS/OS 6.x
bootable disk image. (See GSOS.INFO file for how to get GS/OS).
Remove "PRODOS" from that disk's root directory, and copy GSOS7 to
the root directory. Then copy SYSTEM/P8 to PRODOS. Then move
BASIC.System into SYSTEM/. Then copy BYE.SYSTEM to the root directory,
then move BASIC.SYSTEM back to the root directory.
What all this means is that now the root directory of your system disk
is: GSOS7, (other stuff), PRODOS, BYE.SYSTEM, and BASIC.SYSTEM.
When you boot, ProDOS will boot (this is PRODOS 8) and will search
for the first *.SYSTEM file, and run it. BYE.SYSTEM just does a BYE
command, which puts you in the PRODOS 8 textual launcher.
If you now select GSOS7 (the first entry, already highlighted, just
hit return), it will boot GSOS on slot 7. (Use GSOS5 to boot slot5).
Or, just move down and select BASIC.SYSTEM to go to BASIC. A very simple
program launcher!?
Note that I didn't write GSOS5 or GSOS7--I just made a one byte hack
to the default GS/OS launcher. No real wizardry is going on here.
SHRINKIT3.4, GSHK1.1:
--------------------
Useful for unpacking .SHK files you can download off of the net.
Always use GSHK (GS/OS version of ShrinkIt) for GS programs since
they may have resource forks. It's also faster. GSHK must be run from GS/OS.
LISTV2.0:
--------
ProDOS 8 text file lister, useful for viewing text files.
Wolfenstein3D:
------
Wolfenstein 3D for the Apple IIgs. No kidding! Must be run from GS/OS.
SOUND22:
-------
Cool little ProDOS 8 program (SOUND.EDITOR) that plays hi-fidelity
(relatively) through the old Apple II speaker. This is included as a
demonstration of how accurate KEGS sound emulation is.
Sound.Smith.95:
--------------
GS/OS application that plays SoundSmith songs, which are spreadsheet music,
like MODs. I included some sample songs--FILE.11, FILE.16, FILE.17, and
SPACE.HARRIER. Enjoy!
SOLITAIRE:
---------
Klondike. I like the interface on this game.
CAT.DOCTOR:
----------
From Prosel8 (which is now public domain), this utility is very handy for
sorting directories (among other things). Useful for arranging GSOS7,
and BYE.SYSTEM mentioned above.
BGSOUND:
-------
This CDA lets you play Soundsmith songs in the background while other
applications are running. Very handy for playing Solitaire with some music.
DOCVu.CDA:
---------
This CDA shows the current DOC contents in real-time. It has neat visual
effects while playing Soundsmith songs.
Zippy.gs
--------
Very useful ProDOS 8 program by Andy McFadden for setting ZipGS parameters.
In KEGS, you'll want to use this to change the Zip speed to less than
100% to make the "Unlimited" speed become limited to 7.5MHz, which is
useful for some games.
KEGS: What works:
-----------------
Basically, just about every Apple II program works.
KEGS is EXTREMELY compatible. But, I haven't tested everything. Let
me know if you find a program which is not working correctly.
Some old Apple II 5.25" games require the old C600 ROM image, and don't work
with the default Apple IIgs ROM. This is not KEGS's fault--these games
don't run on a real Apple IIgs either. KEGS has built-in the old Apple II
Disk PROM which you can enable by using the IIgs control panel to set
Slot 6 to "Your Card". This allows many more Apple II games to run, and
is the recommended setting.
The NinjaForce Megademo mostly works, but sometimes hangs in the BBS Demo.
Just skip that demo if it happens.
The California Demo hangs at startup unless you use the IIgs control panel
to boot from slot 5, and then do a ctrl-Open_Apple-Reset to boot--doing
the above lets it work fine. This seems to be a bug in the demo.
KEGS bugs:
---------
KEGS's serial port emulation is very limited now, and only for
adventurous souls.
On a ROM03, KEGS makes a patch to the ROM image (inside emulation, not
to the Unix file) to fix a bug in the ROM code. Both ROM01 and ROM03
are patched to enable use of more than 8MB of memory. I then patch the ROM
self-tests to make the ROM checksum pass. But other programs, like
the Apple IIgs Diagnostic Disk, will detect a ROM checksum mismatch.
Don't worry about it.
Sound breaks up if KEGS is unable to keep up--it should only be happening
if you are trying to force KEGS to run at 2.8MHz, but cannot due to
sound and video overhead.
Sound emulation:
---------------
KEGS supports very accurate classic Apple II sound (clicking of the
speaker using $C030) and fairly accurate Ensoniq sound.
When KEGS determines that no sound has been produced for more than
5 seconds, it turns off the sound calculation routines for a small
speedup. It describes that it has done this by saying "Pausing sound"
in the debug window. However, when sound restarts, it sometimes
"breaks-up" a little. I will work on fixes for this.
If your display is not using shared memory, audio defaults to off unless
you override it with "-audio 1".
SCC emulation:
-------------
KEGS emulates the two serial ports on a IIgs as being two Unix sockets.
Port 1 (printer port) is at socket address 6501, and port 2 (modem)
is at socket address 6502.
In KEGS, from APPLESOFT, if you PR#1, all output will then be sent to
socket port 6501. You can see it by connecting to the port using
any method you like, but a simple, easy way is to use telnet. In
another Unix window, do: "telnet localhost 6501" and then you
will see all the output going to the "printer".
Under APPLESOFT, you can PR#1 and IN#1. This gets input from the
socket also. You can type in the telnet window, it will be sent on
to the emulated IIgs. Telnet on Unix defaults to "line mode" which
buffers keys you type until you hit return. This can be a bit distracting,
and can be disabled by hitting Ctrl-] and then "mode char". This
causes a few {{ chars to show up in KEGS--just ignore this for now.
You may want to go to the F4 Config Panel and set "mask off high bit"
for serial port accesses to make PR#2 work a little nicer.
That's about it. Proterm and Appleworks GS can talk to the modem port
fine, but it's limited in its usefulness. I have printed from
Printshop, but it's a bit pointless since it's sending out Imagewriter
printer codes which doesn't look like anything. You can "print" from
BASIC by using something like PR#1 in KEGS and
"telnet localhost 6501 | tee file.out" in another window.
Feel free to let me know what doesn't work, but a lot is known not
to work. GNO's tty interface may work, but I'm having problems
testing it.
KEGS status area:
----------------
The status area is updated once each second. It displays info I am
(or was at some time) interested in seeing.
Line 1: (Emulation speed info)
dcycs: number of seconds since KEGS was started
sim MHz: Effective speed of KEGS instruction emulation, not counting
overhead for video or sound routines.
Eff MHz: Above, but with overhead accounted for. Eff MHz is the
speed of an equivalent true Apple IIgs. This is extremely
accurate.
sec: The number of real seconds that have passed during on of KEGS's
emulated seconds. Should be 1.00 +/- .01. Under 1
means KEGS is running a bit fast, over 1 means KEGS is
running slow. When you force speed to 2.5MHz, if KEGS
can't keep up, it extends sec, so you can see how slow
it's really going here.
vol: Apple IIgs main audio volume control, in hex, from 0-F.
pal: Super-hires palette that is unavailable. KEGS needs one palette
for the standard Apple // graphics mode on an 8-bit display,
and it grabs the least-used palette. Defaults to 0xe.
You can try changing it with F10. If you change it to a
palette that is not least used, KEGS changes it back in
one second. Any superhires lines using the unavailable
palette will have their colors mapped into the
closest-matching "lores" colors, to minimize visual
impact.
Limit: Prints which speed setting the user has requested: 1MHz, 2.8MHz,
or Unlimited.
Line 2: (Video and X info)
xfer: In hex, number of bytes transferred to the X screen per second.
xred_cs: Percentage of Unix processor cycles that were spent in the X
server (or other processes on the machine).
ch_in: Percentage of Unix processor cycles spent checking for X input Events.
ref_l: Percentage of Unix processor cycles spent scanning the Apple IIgs
memory for changes to the current display screen memory,
and copying those changes to internal XImage buffers.
ref_x: Percentage of Unix processor cycles spent sending those XImage buffers
to the X server. Very similar to xred_cs.
Line 3: (Interpreter overhead)
Ints: Number of Apple IIgs interrupts over the last second.
I/O: Rate of I/O through the fake smartport interface (hard drives).
Does not count 3.5" or 5.25" disk accesses.
BRK: Number of BRKs over the last second.
COP: Number of COPs over the last second.
Eng: Number of calls to the main instruction interpreter loop in the
last second. All "interrupts" or other special behavior
causes the main interpreter loop to exit. A high call
rate here indicates a lot of overhead. 12000-15000 is normal.
20000+ indicates some sort of problem.
act: Some instructions are handled by the main interpreter loop returning
special status "actions" to main event loop. This is the
number over the last second. Should be low.
hev: This tracks HALT_EVENTs. KEGS returns to the main loop to recalc
effective speed whenever any speed-changing I/O location is
touched. See the code, mostly in moremem.c
esi: This counts the number of superhires scan-line interrupts
taken in the last second.
edi: This counts the number of Ensoniq "special events" over the last
second. A sound that stops playing always causes a KEGS
event, even if it doesn't cause a IIgs interrupt.
Line 4: (Ensoniq DOC info)
snd1,2,3,4: Percentage of Unix processor cycles spent handling various
sound activities. snd1 is the total sum of all sound overhead.
st: Percentage of Unix cycles spent starting new Ensoniq oscillators.
est: Percentage of Unix cycles spent looking for 0 bytes in sounds.
x.yz: This final number is the average number of oscillators playing
over the last second. Up to 4.00 is low overhead, over
20.0 is high overhead.
Line 5: (Ensoniq DOC info)
snd_plays: Number of calls to a routine called sound_play, which
plays Ensoniq sounds. Always called at least 60 times per sec.
doc_ev: Number of Ensoniq (DOC) events in the last second. A sound
stopping is an event, but changing a parameter of a sound
while it is playing is also an event.
st_snd: Number of sounds that were started in the last second.
snd_parms: Number of times a sound parameter was changed while it
was playing.
Line 6: (IWM info)
For each IWM device, this line displays the current track (and side for
3.5" disks). If a disk is spinning, there will be an "*" next to the
track number. Only updated once a second, so the disk arm moving may
appear to jump by several tracks. "fast_disk_emul:1" shows that KEGS
is using less accurate, but faster, IWM emulation. Press F7 to toggle
to accurate disk emulation.
Documentation To-Do:
-------------------
Describe the tracing and breakpoint debug features.
Describe the debug interface.
Describe how the code works.
Describe more of what's known to work.
Describe my changes to SPEEDTEST.
KEGS To-Do:
----------
Better serial port emulation (printing, comm)
Better nibblized images.
Fix the Ensoniq bugs to make sound more accurate.
-------------------
If you have any problems/questions/etc., just let me know.
Special thanks to Jeff Smoot of climbingwashington.com for letting me use
the picture of a keg in the Mac icon.
Kent Dickey
kadickey@alumni.princeton.edu
X Window (Linux) interface information:
--------------------------------------------
Every version of Linux is different. Supporting this is very difficult
especially since I do not run Linux myself.
If KEGS fails to start, try the following options:
kegs -audio 0 -noshm
There may be a bug with drawing the border on x86 Linux with Shared Memory--
add the options "-noshm -skip 0" to fix this up (but lose some graphics
performance, sorry). Try KEGS without these options first, but use
this as a workaround if necessary.
If you want the display to go somewhere different, make sure the shell
environment variable $DISPLAY is set, or give the command-line argument
"-display {foo}".
KEGS also forks off a subprocess to help handle the sound if audio is
active. If KEGS crashes in a unusual way (a core dump, for instance),
you may have to manually kill the subprocess. ("ps -ef| grep kegs;kill
xxxxx").
User geoff@gwlink.net adds some notes for mounting disks/floppies/CDs under
Solaris:
To use a CDROM, insert the CD and let Volume Management mount it.
Edit kegs_conf and use the filesystem that shows up in the "df -k"
listing. The volume name of the CDROM must be included. For example,
a CDROM in an IDE drive would look like this:
/vol/dev/dsk/c1t0d0/ciscocd
A CDROM in a SCSI drive would look like this:
/vol/dev/dsk/c0t6d0/j1170_10804
To provide low-level ADB emulation, KEGS turns off Unix key repeat when the
focus is in the KEGS window. It should be turned back on every time
the pointer leaves the KEGS window, but sometimes it doesn't. Re-running
KEGS (and then quitting it quickly) should turn key-repeat back on,
or you can type 'xset r' in another terminal window.
Sometimes the converse is true--key repeat is "on" when the cursor is
in the KEGS window. Moving the cursor out of the window and then
back in should solve it. This is sometimes noticeable when running
Wolfenstein 3D GS. I haven't spent much time debugging the problem.
I think it may be the X Server.
KEGS uses a private color-map for its X-window in 8-bit mode. This
may cause colormap "flash" when your cursor enters the window.
KEGS details/troubleshooting
----------------------------
KEGS will work on all platforms with a 15/16-bit, 24-bit, or 32-bit
color display. KEGS also supports an 8-bit display on X windows only.
On all platforms, it autodetects the color depth--no color switching
is necessary as long as you're at a supported depth.
Disk Image Details
Images loaded into slot 6 (drive 1 or 2) are assumed to be 140K
5.25" disks, which is usually have the extension ".dsk". Images
loaded into slot 5 (drive 1 or 2) are assumed to be 800K disk images
and can be in any supported imahe format (including partitions, if
you have 800K partitions). Images loaded into slot 7 (drives 1
through 32) can be in any format and can be any size up to 4GB.
KEGS boots s7d1 by default. You can change this using the emulated IIgs
control panel, just like a real Apple IIgs. KEGS emulates a IIgs with
two 5.25" drives in slot 6, two 3.5" drives in slot 5, and up to 32
"hard drives" in slot 7. However, the current Configuration Panel only
lets you set through s7d11.
Config.kegs file
----------------
KEGS saves your preferences and disk image names in the file config.kegs.
KEGS searches for this file in the directory KEGS was started in, in
your home directory, or in the Resources directory (on a Mac) of the app.
It needs to find one someplace, so putting it in your home directory is
usually the easiest.
The config.kegs file is a simple text file. You need to quit KEGS before
editing the file. The BRAM data is also kept in this file, with separate
BRAM contents for ROM 01 and ROM 03 (so if you switch ROM versions, you
don't lose all your BRAM preferences).
If you're trying to use a real host device (CD-ROM, or hard drive, or
floppy), you should make the permissions on the /dev/disk* files something
like (meaning, everyone should have read permission):
brw-r--r-- 1 root operator 14, 0 Jun 10 00:01 /dev/disk2
You can do this on a Mac with:
sudo chmod 644 /dev/disk2
Running KEGS as root is NOT recommended.
The s6d* and s5d* drives support disk swapping and disk ejecting, but
the s7d* drives do not.

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[ This info provided by Mike Thomas <phoenyx@texas.net> ]
[ Updated 10/30/2003 by Kent: This file mentions editing "kegs.conf" to ]
[ mount images--this is now replaced by the built-in Configuration Panel. ]
Setup and configuration for x86 Linux:
--------------------------------------
KEGS is very easy to setup on your Linux box, but not foolproof. First
you will need to decide where it will live. When doing this you will
have to take into consideration any users of your machine. It really