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1050 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
1050 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
# vi: set sw=4 ts=4:
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=head1 NAME
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busybox - I am BusyBox of Borg. Unix will be assimilated.
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=head1 SYNOPSIS
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busybox <function> [arguments...] # or
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<function> [arguments...] # if symlinked
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=head1 DESCRIPTION
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BusyBox is a multi-call binary that combines many common Unix utilities into a
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single executable. Most people will create a link to busybox for each function
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they wish to use, and BusyBox will act like whatever it was invoked as. For
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example,
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ln -s ./busybox ls
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./ls
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will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled
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into busybox). You can also invoke BusyBox by providing it the command to run
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on the command line. For example,
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./busybox ls
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will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.
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BusyBox has been written with size-optimization in mind. It is very easy to
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include or exclude the commands (or features) you want installed. BusyBox
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tries to make itself useful to small systems with limited resources.
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=head1 COMMANDS
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Currently defined functions include:
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basename, cat, chmod, chown, chgrp, chroot, clear, chvt, cp, date,
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dd, df, dirname, dmesg, du, dutmp, echo, false, fbset, fdflush, find, free,
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freeramdisk, deallocvt, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix, grep, gunzip, gzip,
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halt, head, hostid, hostname, init, kill, killall, length, ln, loadacm,
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loadfont, loadkmap, ls, lsmod, makedevs, math, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
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mkswap, mnc, more, mount, mt, mv, nslookup, poweroff, ping, printf, ps,
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pwd, reboot, rm, rmdir, rmmod, sed, sh, fdisk, sfdisk, sleep, sort,
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sync, syslogd, logger, logname, swapon, swapoff, tail, tar, [, test,
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tee, touch, tr, true, tty, umount, uname, uptime, uniq, update,
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usleep, wc, whoami, yes, zcat
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=head1 COMMON OPTIONS
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Most BusyBox commands support the B<--help> option to provide a
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terse runtime description of their behavior.
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=over 4
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=item basename
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Usage: basename [file ...]
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Strips directory and suffix from filenames.
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Example:
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$ basename /usr/local/bin/foo
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foo
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$ basename /usr/local/bin/
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bin
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-------------------------------
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=item cat
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Usage: cat [file ...]
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Concatenates files and prints them to the standard output.
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Example:
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$ cat /proc/uptime
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110716.72 17.67
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-------------------------------
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=item chmod
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Usage: chmod [B<-R>] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
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Changes file access permissions for the specified file(s) or directory(s).
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Each MODE is defined by combining the letters for WHO has access to the file,
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an OPERATOR for selecting how the permissions should be changed, and a
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PERISSION for the file(s) or directory(s).
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WHO may be chosen from:
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u the User who owns the file
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g users in the file's Group
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o Other users not in the file's group
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a All users
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OPERATOR may be chosen from:
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+ add a permission
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- remove a permission
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= assign a permission
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PERMISSION may be chosen from:
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r Read
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w Write
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x eXecute (or access for directories)
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s Set user (or group) ID bit
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t sTickey bit (for directories prevents removing files by non-owners)
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Alternately, permissions may be set numerically where the first three
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numbers are calculated by adding the octal values:
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4 Read
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2 Write
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1 eXecute
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An optional fourth digit may also be used to specify
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4 Set user ID
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2 Set group ID
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1 sTickey bit
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Options:
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-R change files and directories recursively.
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Example:
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$ ls -l /tmp/foo
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-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
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$ chmod u+x /tmp/foo
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$ ls -l /tmp/foo
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-rwxrw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo*
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$ chmod 444 /tmp/foo
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$ ls -l /tmp/foo
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-r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
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-------------------------------
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=item chown
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Usage: chown [OPTION]... OWNER[.[GROUP] FILE...
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Changes the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.
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Options:
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-R change files and directories recursively
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Example:
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$ ls -l /tmp/foo
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-r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
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$ chown root /tmp/foo
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$ ls -l /tmp/foo
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-r--r--r-- 1 root andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
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$ chown root.root /tmp/foo
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ls -l /tmp/foo
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-r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
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-------------------------------
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=item chgrp
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Usage: chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
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Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP.
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Options:
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-R change files and directories recursively
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Example:
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$ ls -l /tmp/foo
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-r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
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$ chgrp root /tmp/foo
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$ ls -l /tmp/foo
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-r--r--r-- 1 andersen root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
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-------------------------------
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=item chroot
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Usage: chroot NEWROOT [COMMAND...]
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Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
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Example:
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$ ls -l /bin/ls
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Apr 13 00:46 /bin/ls -> /busybox
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$ mount /dev/hdc1 /mnt -t minix
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$ chroot /mnt
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$ ls -l /bin/ls
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 40816 Feb 5 07:45 /bin/ls*
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-------------------------------
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=item clear
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Clears the screen.
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-------------------------------
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=item chvt
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Usage: chvt N
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Change foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN
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-------------------------------
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=item cp
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Usage: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST
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or: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
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Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
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-a same as -dpR
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-d preserve links
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-p preserve file attributes if possable
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-R copy directories recursively
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-------------------------------
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=item date
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Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
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or: date [OPTION] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
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Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.
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Options:
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-R output RFC-822 compliant date string
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-s set time described by STRING
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-u print or set Coordinated Universal Time
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Example:
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$ date
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Wed Apr 12 18:52:41 MDT 2000
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-------------------------------
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=item dd
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Usage: dd [if=name] [of=name] [bs=n] [count=n] [skip=n] [seek=n]
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Copy a file, converting and formatting according to options
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if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin
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of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout
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bs=n read and write n bytes at a time
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count=n copy only n input blocks
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skip=n skip n input blocks
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seek=n skip n output blocks
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Numbers may be suffixed by w (x2), k (x1024), b (x512), or M (x1024^2)
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Example:
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$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram1 bs=1M count=4
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4+0 records in
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4+0 records out
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-------------------------------
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=item df
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Usage: df [filesystem ...]
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Prints the filesystem space used and space available.
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Example:
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$ df
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Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
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/dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% /
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/dev/sda1 64216 36364 27852 57% /boot
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$ df /dev/sda3
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Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
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/dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% /
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-------------------------------
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=item dirname
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Usage: dirname NAME
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Strip non-directory suffix from file name
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Example:
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$ dirname /tmp/foo
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/tmp
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$ dirname /tmp/foo/
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/tmp
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-------------------------------
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=item dmesg
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Usage: dmesg [B<-c>] [B<-n> level] [B<-s> bufsize]
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Print or controls the kernel ring buffer.
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-------------------------------
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=item du
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Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
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Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory.
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Disk space is printed in units of 1k (i.e. 1024 bytes).
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Options:
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-l count sizes many times if hard linked
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-s display only a total for each argument
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Example:
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$ ./busybox du
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16 ./CVS
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12 ./kernel-patches/CVS
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80 ./kernel-patches
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12 ./tests/CVS
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36 ./tests
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12 ./scripts/CVS
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16 ./scripts
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12 ./docs/CVS
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104 ./docs
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2417 .
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-------------------------------
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=item dutmp
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Usage: dutmp [FILE]
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Dump utmp file format (pipe delimited) from FILE
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or stdin to stdout.
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Example:
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$ dutmp /var/run/utmp
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8|7||si|||0|0|0|955637625|760097|0
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2|0|~|~~|reboot||0|0|0|955637625|782235|0
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1|20020|~|~~|runlevel||0|0|0|955637625|800089|0
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8|125||l4|||0|0|0|955637629|998367|0
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6|245|tty1|1|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|998974|0
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6|246|tty2|2|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|999498|0
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7|336|pts/0|vt00andersen|andersen|:0.0|0|0|0|955637763|0|0
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-------------------------------
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=item echo
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Usage: echo [-neE] [ARG ...]
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Prints the specified ARGs to stdout
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Options:
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-n suppress trailing newline
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-e interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e. \t=tab etc)
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-E disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters
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Example:
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$ echo "Erik is cool"
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Erik is cool
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$ echo -e "Erik\nis\ncool"
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Erik
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is
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cool
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$ echo "Erik\nis\ncool"
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Erik\nis\ncool
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-------------------------------
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=item false
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-------------------------------
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=item fbset
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Usage: fbset [options] [mode]
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Show and modify frame buffer device settings
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Options:
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-h
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-fb
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-db
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-a
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-i
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-g
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-t
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-accel
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-hsync
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-vsync
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-laced
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-double
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Example:
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$ fbset
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mode "1024x768-76"
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# D: 78.653 MHz, H: 59.949 kHz, V: 75.694 Hz
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geometry 1024 768 1024 768 16
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timings 12714 128 32 16 4 128 4
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accel false
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rgba 5/11,6/5,5/0,0/0
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endmode
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-------------------------------
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=item fdflush
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Usage: fdflush device
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Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change
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-------------------------------
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=item find
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Usage: find [PATH...] [EXPRESSION]
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Search for files in a directory hierarchy. The default PATH is
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the current directory; default EXPRESSION is '-print'
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EXPRESSION may consist of:
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-follow Dereference symbolic links.
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-name PATTERN File name (leading directories removed) matches PATTERN.
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-print print the full file name followed by a newline to stdout.
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Example:
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$ find / -name /etc/passwd
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/etc/passwd
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-------------------------------
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=item free
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Usage: free
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Displays the amount of free and used memory in the system.
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Example:
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$ free
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total used free shared buffers
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Mem: 257628 248724 8904 59644 93124
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Swap: 128516 8404 120112
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Total: 386144 257128 129016
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-------------------------------
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=item freeramdisk
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Usage: freeramdisk DEVICE
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Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk.
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Example:
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$ freeramdisk /dev/ram2
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-------------------------------
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=item deallocvt
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Usage: deallocvt N
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Deallocates unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN
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-------------------------------
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=item fsck.minix
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Usage: fsck.minix [B<-larvsmf>] /dev/name
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Performs a consistency check for MINIX filesystems.
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OPTIONS:
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-l Lists all filenames
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-r Perform interactive repairs
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-a Perform automatic repairs
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-v verbose
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-s Outputs super-block information
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-m Activates MINIX-like "mode not cleared" warnings
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-f Force file system check.
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-------------------------------
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=item mkfs.minix
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Usage: mkfs.minix [B<-c> | B<-l> filename] [B<-nXX>] [B<-iXX>] /dev/name [blocks]
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Make a MINIX filesystem.
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OPTIONS:
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-c Check the device for bad blocks
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-n [14|30] Specify the maximum length of filenames
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-i Specify the number of inodes for the filesystem
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-l FILENAME Read the bad blocks list from FILENAME
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-v Make a Minix version 2 filesystem
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-------------------------------
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=item grep
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Usage: grep [OPTIONS]... PATTERN [FILE]...
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Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input.
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OPTIONS:
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-h suppress the prefixing filename on output
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-i ignore case distinctions
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-n print line number with output lines
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-q be quiet. Returns 0 if result was found, 1 otherwise
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This version of grep matches full regular expresions.
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Example:
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$ grep root /etc/passwd
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root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
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$ grep ^[rR]oo. /etc/passwd
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root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
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-------------------------------
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=item gunzip
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-------------------------------
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=item gzip
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-------------------------------
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=item halt
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-------------------------------
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=item head
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Usage: head [OPTION] [FILE]...
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Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
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With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the
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file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
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Options:
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-n NUM Print first NUM lines instead of first 10
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Example:
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$ head -n 2 /etc/passwd
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root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
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daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh
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-------------------------------
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=item hostid
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-------------------------------
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=item hostname
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Usage: hostname [OPTION] {hostname | B<-F> file}
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Get or set the hostname or DNS domain name. If a hostname is given
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(or a file with the B<-F> parameter), the host name will be set.
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Options:
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-s Short
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-i Addresses for the hostname
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-d DNS domain name
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-F FILE Use the contents of FILE to specify the hostname
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Example:
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$ hostname
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slag
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-------------------------------
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=item init
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-------------------------------
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=item kill
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Usage: kill [B<-signal>] process-id [process-id ...]
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Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified process(es).
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Options:
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-l List all signal names and numbers.
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Example:
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$ ps | grep apache
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252 root root S [apache]
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263 www-data www-data S [apache]
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264 www-data www-data S [apache]
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265 www-data www-data S [apache]
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266 www-data www-data S [apache]
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267 www-data www-data S [apache]
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$ kill 252
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-------------------------------
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|
=item killall
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item length
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item ln
|
|
|
|
Usage: ln [OPTION] TARGET... LINK_NAME|DIRECTORY
|
|
Create a link named LINK_NAME or DIRECTORY to the specified TARGET
|
|
|
|
Options:
|
|
|
|
-s make symbolic links instead of hard links
|
|
-f remove existing destination files
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
|
|
$ ln -s busybox /tmp/ls
|
|
[andersen@debian busybox]$ ls -l /tmp/ls
|
|
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 12 18:39 ls -> busybox*
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item loadacm
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item loadfont
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item loadkmap
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item ls
|
|
|
|
Usage: ls [B<-1acdelnpuxACF>] [filenames...]
|
|
|
|
Options:
|
|
|
|
-a do not hide entries starting with .
|
|
-c with -l: show ctime (the time of last
|
|
modification of file status information)
|
|
-d list directory entries instead of contents
|
|
-e list both full date and full time
|
|
-l use a long listing format
|
|
-n list numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
|
|
-p append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
|
|
-u with -l: show access time (the time of last
|
|
access of the file)
|
|
-x list entries by lines instead of by columns
|
|
-A do not list implied . and ..
|
|
-C list entries by columns
|
|
-F append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item lsmod
|
|
|
|
Usage: lsmod
|
|
|
|
Shows information about all loaded modules.
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item makedevs
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item math
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item mkdir
|
|
|
|
Usage: mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY...
|
|
|
|
Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist
|
|
|
|
Options:
|
|
|
|
-m set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask
|
|
-p no error if dir exists, make parent directories as needed
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
|
|
$ mkdir /tmp/foo
|
|
$ mkdir /tmp/foo
|
|
/tmp/foo: File exists
|
|
$ mkdir /tmp/foo/bar/baz
|
|
/tmp/foo/bar/baz: No such file or directory
|
|
$ mkdir -p /tmp/foo/bar/baz
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item mkfifo
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item mknod
|
|
|
|
Usage: mknod NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR
|
|
|
|
Make block or character special files.
|
|
|
|
TYPEs include:
|
|
|
|
b: Make a block (buffered) device.
|
|
c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device.
|
|
p: Make a named pipe. Major and minor are ignored for named pipes.
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
|
|
$ mknod /dev/fd0 b 2 0
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item mkswap
|
|
|
|
Usage: mkswap [B<-c>] [B<-v0>|B<-v1>] device [block-count]
|
|
|
|
Prepare a disk partition to be used as a swap partition.
|
|
|
|
Options:
|
|
|
|
-c Check for read-ability.
|
|
-v0 Make version 0 swap [max 128 Megs].
|
|
-v1 Make version 1 swap [big!] (default for kernels > 2.1.117).
|
|
block-count Number of block to use (default is entire partition).
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item mnc
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item more
|
|
|
|
Usage: more [file ...]
|
|
|
|
More is a filter for paging through text one screenful at a time.
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
|
|
$ dmesg | more
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item mount
|
|
|
|
Usage: mount [flags]
|
|
mount [flags] device directory [B<-o> options,more-options]
|
|
|
|
Flags:
|
|
|
|
-a: Mount all file systems in fstab.
|
|
-o option: One of many filesystem options, listed below.
|
|
-r: Mount the filesystem read-only.
|
|
-t filesystem-type: Specify the filesystem type.
|
|
-w: Mount for reading and writing (default).
|
|
|
|
Options for use with the "B<-o>" flag:
|
|
|
|
async / sync: Writes are asynchronous / synchronous.
|
|
dev / nodev: Allow use of special device files / disallow them.
|
|
exec / noexec: Allow use of executable files / disallow them.
|
|
loop: Mounts a file via loop device.
|
|
suid / nosuid: Allow set-user-id-root programs / disallow them.
|
|
remount: Re-mount a currently-mounted filesystem, changing its flags.
|
|
ro / rw: Mount for read-only / read-write.
|
|
There are EVEN MORE flags that are specific to each filesystem.
|
|
You'll have to see the written documentation for those.
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
|
|
$ mount
|
|
/dev/hda3 on / type minix (rw)
|
|
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
|
|
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw)
|
|
$ mount /dev/fd0 /mnt -t msdos -o ro
|
|
$ mount /tmp/diskimage /opt -t ext2 -o loop
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item mt
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item mv
|
|
|
|
Usage: mv SOURCE DEST
|
|
|
|
or: mv SOURCE... DIRECTORY
|
|
|
|
Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
|
|
$ mv /tmp/foo /bin/bar
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item nslookup
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item poweroff
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item ping
|
|
|
|
Usage: ping [OPTION]... host
|
|
|
|
Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.
|
|
|
|
Options:
|
|
|
|
-c COUNT Send only COUNT pings.
|
|
-q Quiet mode, only displays output at start
|
|
and when finished.
|
|
Example:
|
|
|
|
$ ping localhost
|
|
PING slag (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
|
|
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=20.1 ms
|
|
|
|
--- debian ping statistics ---
|
|
1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
|
|
round-trip min/avg/max = 20.1/20.1/20.1 ms
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item printf
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item ps
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item pwd
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item reboot
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item rm
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item syslogd
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item logger
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item logname
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item swapon
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item swapoff
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item tail
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item tar
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item test, [
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item tee
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item touch
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item tr
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item true
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item tty
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item umount
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item uname
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item uptime
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item uniq
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item update
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item usleep
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item wc
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item whoami
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item yes
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=item zcat
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 SEE ALSO
|
|
|
|
textutils(1), shellutils(1), etc...
|
|
|
|
=head1 MAINTAINER
|
|
|
|
Erik Andersen <erik@lineo.com>
|
|
|
|
=head1 AUTHORS
|
|
|
|
The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether
|
|
they know it or not.
|
|
|
|
Erik Andersen <erik@lineo.com>
|
|
|
|
=for html <br>
|
|
|
|
John Beppu <beppu@lineo.com>
|
|
|
|
=for html <br>
|
|
|
|
Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>
|
|
|
|
=for html <br>
|
|
|
|
Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>
|
|
|
|
=for html <br>
|
|
|
|
Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>
|
|
|
|
=for html <br>
|
|
|
|
Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>
|
|
|
|
=for html <br>
|
|
|
|
Bruce Perens <bruce@perens.com>
|
|
|
|
=for html <br>
|
|
|
|
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>
|
|
|
|
=for html <br>
|
|
|
|
Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>
|
|
|
|
=for html <br>
|
|
|
|
Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>
|
|
|
|
=for html <br>
|
|
|
|
=cut
|
|
|
|
# $Id: busybox.pod,v 1.9 2000/04/13 23:44:04 beppu Exp $
|