#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include struct Operand { enum class Type { empty, literal, reg /*ister*/ }; Type type = Type::empty; int reg_num = 0; std::string value; Operand() = default; bool operator==(const Operand &other) const { return type == other.type && reg_num == other.reg_num && value == other.value; } Operand(const Type t, std::string v) : type(t), value(std::move(v)) { assert(type == Type::literal); } Operand(const Type t, const int num) : type(t), reg_num(num) { assert(type == Type::reg); } }; struct mos6502; class Personality { public: virtual void insert_autostart_sequence(std::vector &new_instructions) const = 0; [[nodiscard]] virtual Operand get_register(const int reg_num) const = 0; virtual ~Personality() = default; Personality(const Personality &) = delete; Personality(Personality &&) = delete; Personality &operator=(const Personality &) = delete; Personality &operator=(Personality &&) = delete; protected: Personality() = default; }; struct ASMLine { enum class Type { Label, Instruction, Directive }; ASMLine(Type t, std::string te) : type(t), text(std::move(te)) {} Type type; std::string text; }; struct C64 : Personality { void insert_autostart_sequence(std::vector &new_instructions) const override { new_instructions.emplace_back(ASMLine::Type::Directive, "; jmp to start of program with BASIC"); new_instructions.emplace_back(ASMLine::Type::Directive, ".byt $0B,$08,$0A,$00,$9E,$32,$30,$36,$31,$00,$00,$00"); } [[nodiscard]] Operand get_register(const int reg_num) const override { switch (reg_num) { // http://sta.c64.org/cbm64mem.html case 0: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$a7");// bit buffer for rs232 case 1: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$a8");// counter for rs232 case 2: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$05");// unused, int->fp routine pointer case 3: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$06"); case 4: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$fb");// unused case 5: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$fc");// unused case 6: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$fd");// unused case 7: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$fe");// unused case 8: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$22");// unused case 9: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$23");// unused case 10: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$39");// Current BASIC line number case 11: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$3a");// Current BASIC line number case 12: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$61");// arithmetic register #1 case 13: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$62"); case 14: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$63"); case 15: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$64"); case 16: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$65"); case 17: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$69");// arithmetic register #2 case 18: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$6a"); case 19: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$6b"); case 20: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$6c"); case 21: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$6d"); case 22: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$57");// arithmetic register #3 case 23: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$58"); case 24: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$59"); case 25: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$5a"); case 26: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$5b"); case 27: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$5c");// arithmetic register #4 case 28: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$5d"); case 29: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$5e"); case 30: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$5f"); case 31: return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "$60"); } throw std::runtime_error("Unhandled register number: " + std::to_string(reg_num)); } }; int parse_8bit_literal(const std::string &s) { return std::stoi(std::string(std::next(std::begin(s)), std::end(s))); } std::string_view strip_lo_hi(std::string_view s) { const auto matcher = ctre::match; if (const auto results = matcher(s); results) { return results.get<2>(); } return s; } std::string fixup_8bit_literal(const std::string &s) { if (s[0] == '$') { return "#" + std::to_string(static_cast(parse_8bit_literal(s))); } if (s.starts_with("0x")) { return "#$" + s.substr(2); } if (s.starts_with("lo8(")) { return fmt::format("#<{}", strip_lo_hi(s)); } if (s.starts_with("hi8(")) { return fmt::format("#>{}", strip_lo_hi(s)); } const auto is_num = std::all_of(begin(s), end(s), [](const auto c) { return (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || c == '-'; }); if (is_num) { return "#<" + s; } return s; } struct mos6502 : ASMLine { enum class OpCode { unknown, adc, AND, asl, bcc, bcs, beq, bit, bmi, bne, bpl, cpy, cmp, clc, dec, eor, inc, jmp, jsr, lda, ldy, lsr, ORA, pha, php, pla, plp, rol, ror, rts, sbc, sec, sta, sty, tax, tay, txa, tya, }; static bool get_is_branch(const OpCode o) { switch (o) { case OpCode::beq: case OpCode::bne: case OpCode::bmi: case OpCode::bpl: case OpCode::bcc: case OpCode::bcs: return true; case OpCode::adc: case OpCode::AND: case OpCode::asl: case OpCode::bit: case OpCode::cpy: case OpCode::cmp: case OpCode::clc: case OpCode::dec: case OpCode::eor: case OpCode::inc: case OpCode::jmp: case OpCode::jsr: case OpCode::lda: case OpCode::ldy: case OpCode::lsr: case OpCode::ORA: case OpCode::pha: case OpCode::php: case OpCode::pla: case OpCode::plp: case OpCode::rol: case OpCode::ror: case OpCode::rts: case OpCode::sbc: case OpCode::sec: case OpCode::sta: case OpCode::sty: case OpCode::tax: case OpCode::tay: case OpCode::txa: case OpCode::tya: case OpCode::unknown: break; } return false; } static bool get_is_comparison(const OpCode o) { switch (o) { case OpCode::bit: case OpCode::cmp: case OpCode::cpy: return true; case OpCode::adc: case OpCode::AND: case OpCode::asl: case OpCode::beq: case OpCode::bne: case OpCode::bmi: case OpCode::bpl: case OpCode::bcc: case OpCode::bcs: case OpCode::clc: case OpCode::dec: case OpCode::eor: case OpCode::inc: case OpCode::jmp: case OpCode::jsr: case OpCode::lda: case OpCode::ldy: case OpCode::lsr: case OpCode::ORA: case OpCode::pha: case OpCode::php: case OpCode::pla: case OpCode::plp: case OpCode::rol: case OpCode::ror: case OpCode::rts: case OpCode::sbc: case OpCode::sec: case OpCode::sta: case OpCode::sty: case OpCode::tax: case OpCode::tay: case OpCode::txa: case OpCode::tya: case OpCode::unknown: break; } return false; } explicit mos6502(const OpCode o) : ASMLine(Type::Instruction, std::string{ to_string(o) }), opcode(o), is_branch(get_is_branch(o)), is_comparison(get_is_comparison(o)) { } mos6502(const Type t, std::string s) : ASMLine(t, std::move(s)) { } mos6502(const OpCode o, Operand t_o) : ASMLine(Type::Instruction, std::string{ to_string(o) }), opcode(o), op(std::move(t_o)), is_branch(get_is_branch(o)), is_comparison(get_is_comparison(o)) { } constexpr static std::string_view to_string(const OpCode o) { switch (o) { case OpCode::lda: return "lda"; case OpCode::asl: return "asl"; case OpCode::rol: return "rol"; case OpCode::ldy: return "ldy"; case OpCode::tay: return "tay"; case OpCode::tya: return "tya"; case OpCode::tax: return "tax"; case OpCode::txa: return "txa"; case OpCode::cpy: return "cpy"; case OpCode::eor: return "eor"; case OpCode::sta: return "sta"; case OpCode::sty: return "sty"; case OpCode::pha: return "pha"; case OpCode::pla: return "pla"; case OpCode::php: return "php"; case OpCode::plp: return "plp"; case OpCode::lsr: return "lsr"; case OpCode::ror: return "ror"; case OpCode::AND: return "and"; case OpCode::inc: return "inc"; case OpCode::dec: return "dec"; case OpCode::ORA: return "ora"; case OpCode::cmp: return "cmp"; case OpCode::bne: return "bne"; case OpCode::bmi: return "bmi"; case OpCode::beq: return "beq"; case OpCode::jmp: return "jmp"; case OpCode::adc: return "adc"; case OpCode::sbc: return "sbc"; case OpCode::rts: return "rts"; case OpCode::clc: return "clc"; case OpCode::sec: return "sec"; case OpCode::bit: return "bit"; case OpCode::jsr: return "jsr"; case OpCode::bpl: return "bpl"; case OpCode::bcc: return "bcc"; case OpCode::bcs: return "bcs"; case OpCode::unknown: return ""; } return ""; } [[nodiscard]] std::string to_string() const { switch (type) { case ASMLine::Type::Label: return text;// + ':'; case ASMLine::Type::Directive: case ASMLine::Type::Instruction: { return fmt::format("\t{} {:15}; {}", text, op.value, comment); } } throw std::runtime_error("Unable to render: " + text); } OpCode opcode = OpCode::unknown; Operand op; std::string comment; bool is_branch = false; bool is_comparison = false; }; struct AVR : ASMLine { enum class OpCode { unknown, adc, add, andi, breq, brlo, brne, brsh, clr, com, cpc, cpi, cpse, dec, eor, ld, ldi, lds, lsl, lsr, mov, pop, push, rcall, ret, rjmp, rol, sbci, sbiw, sbrc, sbrs, st, sts, subi, swap, }; [[nodiscard]] static constexpr OpCode parse_opcode(Type t, std::string_view o) { switch (t) { case Type::Label: case Type::Directive: return OpCode::unknown; case Type::Instruction: { if (o == "ldi") { return OpCode::ldi; } if (o == "sts") { return OpCode::sts; } if (o == "ret") { return OpCode::ret; } if (o == "mov") { return OpCode::mov; } if (o == "lsl") { return OpCode::lsl; } if (o == "rol") { return OpCode::rol; } if (o == "rcall") { return OpCode::rcall; } if (o == "ld") { return OpCode::ld; } if (o == "subi") { return OpCode::subi; } if (o == "sbci") { return OpCode::sbci; } if (o == "st") { return OpCode::st; } if (o == "lds") { return OpCode::lds; } if (o == "lsr") { return OpCode::lsr; } if (o == "andi") { return OpCode::andi; } if (o == "eor") { return OpCode::eor; } if (o == "sbrc") { return OpCode::sbrc; } if (o == "rjmp") { return OpCode::rjmp; } if (o == "sbrs") { return OpCode::sbrs; } if (o == "brne") { return OpCode::brne; } if (o == "dec") { return OpCode::dec; } if (o == "sbiw") { return OpCode::sbiw; } if (o == "push") { return OpCode::push; } if (o == "pop") { return OpCode::pop; } if (o == "com") { return OpCode::com; } if (o == "swap") { return OpCode::swap; } if (o == "clr") { return OpCode::clr; } if (o == "cpse") { return OpCode::cpse; } if (o == "cpi") { return OpCode::cpi; } if (o == "brlo") { return OpCode::brlo; } if (o == "add") { return OpCode::add; } if (o == "adc") { return OpCode::adc; } if (o == "cpc") { return OpCode::cpc; } if (o == "brsh") { return OpCode::brsh; } if (o == "breq") { return OpCode::breq; } } } throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format("Unknown opcode: {}")); } static int get_register_number(const char reg_name) { if (reg_name == 'X') { return 26; } if (reg_name == 'Y') { return 28; } if (reg_name == 'Z') { return 30; } throw std::runtime_error("Unknown register name"); } static Operand parse_operand(std::string_view o) { if (o.empty()) { return Operand(); } if (o[0] == 'r' && o.size() > 1) { return Operand(Operand::Type::reg, atoi(&o[1])); } else { return Operand(Operand::Type::literal, std::string{ o }); } } AVR(const int t_line_num, std::string_view t_line_text, Type t, std::string_view t_opcode, std::string_view o1 = "", std::string_view o2 = "") : ASMLine(t, std::string(t_opcode)), line_num(t_line_num), line_text(std::string(t_line_text)), opcode(parse_opcode(t, t_opcode)), operand1(parse_operand(o1)), operand2(parse_operand(o2)) { } int line_num; std::string line_text; OpCode opcode; Operand operand1; Operand operand2; }; void indirect_load(std::vector &instructions, const std::string &from_address_low_byte, const std::string &to_address) { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::ldy, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "#0")); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "(" + from_address_low_byte + "), Y")); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, to_address)); } void indirect_store(std::vector &instructions, const std::string &from_address, const std::string &to_address_low_byte) { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, from_address)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::ldy, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "#0")); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "(" + to_address_low_byte + "), Y")); } void fixup_16_bit_N_Z_flags(std::vector &instructions) { // need to get both Z and N set appropriately // assuming A contains higher order byte and Y contains lower order byte instructions.emplace_back(ASMLine::Type::Directive, "; BEGIN remove if next is lda"); instructions.emplace_back(ASMLine::Type::Directive, "; set CPU flags assuming A holds the higher order byte already"); std::string set_flag_label = "flags_set_after_16_bit_op_" + std::to_string(instructions.size()); // if high order is negative, we know it's not 0 and it is negative instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::bmi, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, set_flag_label)); // if it's not 0, then branch down, we know the result is not 0 and not negative instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::bne, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, set_flag_label)); // if the higher order byte is 0, test the lower order byte, which was saved for us in Y instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::txa); // if low order is not negative, we know it's 0 or not 0 instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::bpl, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, set_flag_label)); // if low order byte is negative, shift right by one bit, then we'll get the proper Z/N flags instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lsr); instructions.emplace_back(ASMLine::Type::Label, set_flag_label); instructions.emplace_back(ASMLine::Type::Directive, "; END remove if next is lda"); } void subtract_16_bit(const Personality &personality, std::vector &instructions, int reg, const std::uint16_t value) { //instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, address_low_byte)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sec); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, personality.get_register(reg)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sbc, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "#" + std::to_string((value & 0xFFu)))); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, personality.get_register(reg)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, personality.get_register(reg + 1)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sbc, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "#" + std::to_string((value >> 8u) & 0xFFu))); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, personality.get_register(reg + 1)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::tax); fixup_16_bit_N_Z_flags(instructions); } void increment_16_bit(const Personality &personality, std::vector &instructions, int reg) { //instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, address_low_byte)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, personality.get_register(reg)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::clc); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::adc, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "#1")); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, personality.get_register(reg)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, personality.get_register(reg + 1)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::adc, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "#0")); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, personality.get_register(reg + 1)); } void translate_instruction(const Personality &personality, std::vector &instructions, const AVR::OpCode op, const Operand &o1, const Operand &o2) { const auto translate_register_number = [](const Operand ®) { if (reg.value == "__zero_reg__") { return 1; } else if (reg.value == "__temp_reg__") { return 0; } else { return reg.reg_num; } }; const auto o1_reg_num = translate_register_number(o1); const auto o2_reg_num = translate_register_number(o2); switch (op) { case AVR::OpCode::dec: instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::dec, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); return; case AVR::OpCode::ldi: instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, Operand(o2.type, fixup_8bit_literal(o2.value))); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); return; case AVR::OpCode::sts: instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, personality.get_register(o2_reg_num)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, Operand(o1.type, o1.value)); return; case AVR::OpCode::ret: instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::rts); return; case AVR::OpCode::mov: instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, personality.get_register(o2_reg_num)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); return; case AVR::OpCode::lsl: instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::asl, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); return; case AVR::OpCode::rol: instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::rol, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); return; case AVR::OpCode::rcall: instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::jsr, o1); return; case AVR::OpCode::ld: { if (o2.value == "Z" || o2.value == "X" || o2.value == "Y") { indirect_load(instructions, personality.get_register(o2.value[0]).value, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num).value); return; } if (o2.value == "Z+" || o2.value == "X+" || o2.value == "Y+") { indirect_load(instructions, personality.get_register(o2.value[0]).value, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num).value); increment_16_bit(personality, instructions, AVR::get_register_number(o2.value[0])); return; } throw std::runtime_error("Unhandled ld to non-Z"); } case AVR::OpCode::sbci: { // we want to utilize the carry flag, however it was set previously // (it's really a borrow flag on the 6502) instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sbc, Operand(o2.type, fixup_8bit_literal(o2.value))); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); fixup_16_bit_N_Z_flags(instructions); return; } case AVR::OpCode::subi: { // to do: deal with Carry bit (and other flags) nonsense from AVR // if |x| < |y| -> x-y +carry // for these special cases with -(1) and -(-(1)) if (o2.value == "lo8(-(-1))") { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::dec, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); return; } if (o2.value == "lo8(-(1))") { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::inc, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); return; } instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); // have to set carry flag, since it gets inverted by sbc instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sec); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sbc, Operand(o2.type, fixup_8bit_literal(o2.value))); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); // temporarily store lower order (not carried substraction) byte into Y for checking // later if this is a two byte subtraction operation instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::tax); return; } case AVR::OpCode::st: { if (o1.value == "Z" || o1.value == "Y" || o1.value == "X") { indirect_store(instructions, personality.get_register(o2_reg_num).value, personality.get_register(o1.value[0]).value); return; } if (o1.value == "Z+" || o1.value == "Y+" || o1.value == "X+") { indirect_store(instructions, personality.get_register(o2_reg_num).value, personality.get_register(o1.value[0]).value); increment_16_bit(personality, instructions, AVR::get_register_number(o1.value[0])); return; } throw std::runtime_error("Unhandled st"); } case AVR::OpCode::lds: { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, o2); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); return; } case AVR::OpCode::lsr: { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lsr, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); return; } case AVR::OpCode::andi: { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::AND, Operand(o2.type, fixup_8bit_literal(o2.value))); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); return; } case AVR::OpCode::eor: { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::eor, personality.get_register(o2_reg_num)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); return; } case AVR::OpCode::cpse: { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::bit, personality.get_register(o2_reg_num)); std::string new_label_name = "skip_next_instruction_" + std::to_string(instructions.size()); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::beq, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, new_label_name)); instructions.emplace_back(ASMLine::Type::Directive, new_label_name); return; } case AVR::OpCode::sbrc: { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, Operand(o2.type, fixup_8bit_literal("$" + std::to_string(1 << (atoi(o2.value.c_str())))))); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::bit, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); std::string new_label_name = "skip_next_instruction_" + std::to_string(instructions.size()); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::beq, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, new_label_name)); instructions.emplace_back(ASMLine::Type::Directive, new_label_name); return; } case AVR::OpCode::sbrs: { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, Operand(o2.type, fixup_8bit_literal("$" + std::to_string(1 << (atoi(o2.value.c_str())))))); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::bit, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); std::string new_label_name = "skip_next_instruction_" + std::to_string(instructions.size()); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::bne, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, new_label_name)); instructions.emplace_back(ASMLine::Type::Directive, new_label_name); return; } case AVR::OpCode::brne: { if (o1.value == "0b") { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::bne, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "memcpy_0")); } else { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::bne, o1); } return; } case AVR::OpCode::rjmp: { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::jmp, o1); return; } case AVR::OpCode::sbiw: { subtract_16_bit(personality, instructions, o1_reg_num, static_cast(std::stoi(o2.value))); return; } case AVR::OpCode::push: { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::pha); return; } case AVR::OpCode::pop: { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::pla); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); return; } case AVR::OpCode::com: { // We're doing this in the same way the AVR does it, to make sure the C flag is set properly instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::clc); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "#$FF")); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sbc, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); return; } case AVR::OpCode::clr: { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "#$00")); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); return; } case AVR::OpCode::cpi: { // note that this will leave the C flag in the 6502 borrow state, not normal carry state instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::cmp, Operand(o2.type, fixup_8bit_literal(o2.value))); return; } case AVR::OpCode::brlo: { if (o1.value == ".+2") { // assumes 6502 'borrow' for Carry flag instead of carry, so bcc instead of bcs std::string new_label_name = "skip_next_instruction_" + std::to_string(instructions.size()); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::bcc, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, new_label_name)); instructions.emplace_back(ASMLine::Type::Directive, new_label_name); return; } else { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::bcc, o1); return; } } case AVR::OpCode::swap: { // from http://www.6502.org/source/general/SWN.html // ASL A // ADC #$80 // ROL A // ASL A // ADC #$80 // ROL A instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::asl); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::adc, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "#$80")); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::rol); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::asl); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::adc, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "#$80")); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::rol); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); return; } case AVR::OpCode::add: { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::clc); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::adc, personality.get_register(o2_reg_num)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); return; } case AVR::OpCode::adc: { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::adc, personality.get_register(o2_reg_num)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); return; } case AVR::OpCode::cpc: { // this instruction seems to need to be used in the case after a sbc operation, where the // carry flag is set to the appropriate borrow state, so I'm going to not invert // the carry flag here, and assume that it's set how the 6502 wants it to be // set from the previous operation instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, personality.get_register(o1_reg_num)); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sbc, personality.get_register(o2_reg_num)); return; } case AVR::OpCode::brsh: { if (o1.value == ".+2") { // assumes 6502 'borrow' for Carry flag instead of carry, so bcs instead of bcc std::string new_label_name = "skip_next_instruction_" + std::to_string(instructions.size()); instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::bcs, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, new_label_name)); instructions.emplace_back(ASMLine::Type::Directive, new_label_name); return; } else { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::bcs, o1); return; } } case AVR::OpCode::breq: { instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::beq, o1); return; } case AVR::OpCode::unknown: { throw std::runtime_error("Could not translate 'unknown' instruction"); } } throw std::runtime_error("Could not translate unhandled instruction"); } enum class LogLevel { Warning, Error }; std::string to_string(const LogLevel ll) { switch (ll) { case LogLevel::Warning: return "warning"; case LogLevel::Error: return "error"; } return "unknown"; } void log(LogLevel ll, const AVR &i, const std::string &message) { std::cerr << to_string(ll) << ": " << i.line_num << ": " << message << ": `" << i.line_text << "`\n"; } void log(LogLevel ll, const std::size_t line_no, const std::string &line, const std::string &message) { std::cerr << to_string(ll) << ": " << line_no << ": " << message << ": `" << line << "`\n"; } void to_mos6502(const Personality &personality, const AVR &from_instruction, std::vector &instructions) { try { switch (from_instruction.type) { case ASMLine::Type::Label: if (from_instruction.text == "0") { instructions.emplace_back(from_instruction.type, "-memcpy_0"); } else { instructions.emplace_back(from_instruction.type, from_instruction.text); } return; case ASMLine::Type::Directive: if (from_instruction.text.starts_with(".string")) { instructions.emplace_back(ASMLine::Type::Directive, ".asc " + from_instruction.text.substr(7)); } else if (from_instruction.text.starts_with(".zero")) { const auto count = std::stoull(&*std::next(from_instruction.text.begin(), 6), nullptr, 10); std::string zeros; for (std::size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) { if ((i % 40) == 0) { if (!zeros.empty()) { instructions.emplace_back(ASMLine::Type::Directive, zeros); zeros.clear(); } zeros += ".byt 0"; } else { zeros += ",0"; } } if (!zeros.empty()) { instructions.emplace_back(ASMLine::Type::Directive, zeros); } } else { instructions.emplace_back(ASMLine::Type::Directive, "; Unknown directive: " + from_instruction.text); } return; case ASMLine::Type::Instruction: const auto head = instructions.size(); try { translate_instruction(personality, instructions, from_instruction.opcode, from_instruction.operand1, from_instruction.operand2); } catch (const std::exception &e) { instructions.emplace_back(ASMLine::Type::Directive, "; Unhandled opcode: '" + from_instruction.text + "' " + e.what()); log(LogLevel::Error, from_instruction, e.what()); } auto text = from_instruction.line_text; if (text[0] == '\t') { text.erase(0, 1); } for_each(std::next(instructions.begin(), static_cast(head)), instructions.end(), [text](auto &ins) { ins.comment = text; }); return; } } catch (const std::exception &e) { log(LogLevel::Error, from_instruction, e.what()); } } bool optimize(std::vector &instructions) { if (instructions.size() < 2) { return false; } const auto next_instruction = [&instructions](auto i) { do { ++i; } while (i < instructions.size() && instructions[i].type == ASMLine::Type::Directive); return i; }; // remove unused flag-fix-up blocks // it might make sense in the future to only insert these if determined they are needed? for (size_t op = 10; op < instructions.size(); ++op) { if (instructions[op].opcode == mos6502::OpCode::lda) { if (instructions[op - 1].text == "; END remove if next is lda") { for (size_t inner_op = op - 1; inner_op > 1; --inner_op) { instructions[inner_op] = mos6502(ASMLine::Type::Directive, "; removed unused flag fix-up: " + instructions[inner_op].to_string()); if (instructions[inner_op].text.find("; BEGIN") != std::string::npos) { return true; } } } } } // look for redundant load of lda after a tax for (size_t op = 0; op < instructions.size() - 3; ++op) { if (instructions[op].opcode == mos6502::OpCode::sta && instructions[op + 1].opcode == mos6502::OpCode::tax && instructions[op + 2].opcode == mos6502::OpCode::lda && instructions[op].op.value == instructions[op + 2].op.value) { instructions[op + 2] = mos6502(ASMLine::Type::Directive, "; removed redundant lda: " + instructions[op + 2].to_string()); return true; } } // look for redundant stores to 0-page registers with sta for (size_t op = 0; op < instructions.size(); ++op) { // todo, make sure this is in the register map if (instructions[op].opcode == mos6502::OpCode::sta && instructions[op].op.value.size() == 3) { for (size_t next_op = op + 1; next_op < instructions.size(); ++next_op) { if (instructions[next_op].opcode != mos6502::OpCode::sta && instructions[next_op].op.value == instructions[op].op.value) { // we just found a use of ourselves back, abort the search, there's probably something else going on break; } if (instructions[next_op].opcode == mos6502::OpCode::lda && instructions[next_op].op.value != instructions[op].op.value) { // someone just loaded lda with a different value, so we need to abort! break; } // abort at label if (instructions[next_op].type == ASMLine::Type::Label) { break; } if (instructions[next_op].opcode == mos6502::OpCode::sta && instructions[next_op].op.value == instructions[op].op.value) { // looks like we found a redundant store, remove the first one instructions[op] = mos6502(ASMLine::Type::Directive, "; removed redundant sta: " + instructions[op].to_string()); return true; } } } } for (size_t op = 0; op < instructions.size() - 1; ++op) { // look for a transfer of Y -> A immediately followed by A -> Y if (instructions[op].opcode == mos6502::OpCode::tya) { next_instruction(op); if (instructions[op].opcode == mos6502::OpCode::tay) { instructions[op] = mos6502(ASMLine::Type::Directive, "; removed redundant tay: " + instructions[op].to_string()); return true; } } } for (size_t op = 0; op < instructions.size() - 1; ++op) { // look for a store A -> loc immediately followed by loc -> A if (instructions[op].opcode == mos6502::OpCode::sta) { const auto next = next_instruction(op); if (instructions[next].opcode == mos6502::OpCode::lda && instructions[next].op == instructions[op].op) { instructions[next] = mos6502(ASMLine::Type::Directive, "; removed redundant lda: " + instructions[next].to_string()); return true; } } } for (size_t op = 0; op < instructions.size() - 1; ++op) { if (instructions[op].opcode == mos6502::OpCode::ldy && instructions[op].op.type == Operand::Type::literal) { auto op2 = op + 1; while (op2 < instructions.size() && (instructions[op2].type != ASMLine::Type::Label)) { // while inside this label if (instructions[op2].opcode == mos6502::OpCode::ldy && instructions[op2].op.value == instructions[op].op.value) { instructions[op2] = mos6502(ASMLine::Type::Directive, "; removed redundant ldy: " + instructions[op2].to_string()); return true; } ++op2; } } } for (size_t op = 0; op < instructions.size() - 1; ++op) { if (instructions[op].opcode == mos6502::OpCode::lda && instructions[op].op.type == Operand::Type::literal) { const auto operand = instructions[op].op; auto op2 = op + 1; // look for multiple stores of the same value while (op2 < instructions.size() && (instructions[op2].opcode == mos6502::OpCode::sta || instructions[op2].type == ASMLine::Type::Directive)) { ++op2; } if (instructions[op2].opcode == mos6502::OpCode::lda && operand == instructions[op2].op) { instructions[op2] = mos6502(ASMLine::Type::Directive, "; removed redundant lda: " + instructions[op2].to_string()); return true; } } } return false; } bool fix_long_branches(std::vector &instructions, int &branch_patch_count) { std::map labels; for (size_t op = 0; op < instructions.size(); ++op) { if (instructions[op].type == ASMLine::Type::Label) { labels[instructions[op].text] = op; } } for (size_t op = 0; op < instructions.size(); ++op) { if (instructions[op].is_branch && std::abs(static_cast(labels[instructions[op].op.value]) - static_cast(op)) * 3 > 255) { ++branch_patch_count; const auto going_to = instructions[op].op.value; const auto new_pos = "patch_" + std::to_string(branch_patch_count); // uh-oh too long of a branch, have to convert this to a jump... std::map branch_mapping; branch_mapping[mos6502::OpCode::bne] = mos6502::OpCode::beq; branch_mapping[mos6502::OpCode::beq] = mos6502::OpCode::bne; branch_mapping[mos6502::OpCode::bcc] = mos6502::OpCode::bcs; branch_mapping[mos6502::OpCode::bcs] = mos6502::OpCode::bcc; const auto mapping = branch_mapping.find(instructions[op].opcode); if (mapping != branch_mapping.end()) { const auto comment = instructions[op].comment; instructions[op] = mos6502(mapping->second, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, new_pos)); instructions.insert(std::next(std::begin(instructions), static_cast(op + 1)), mos6502(mos6502::OpCode::jmp, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, going_to))); instructions.insert(std::next(std::begin(instructions), static_cast(op + 2)), mos6502(ASMLine::Type::Label, new_pos)); instructions[op].comment = instructions[op + 1].comment = instructions[op + 2].comment = comment; return true; } throw std::runtime_error("Don't know how to reorg this branch: " + instructions[op].to_string()); } } return false; } bool fix_overwritten_flags(std::vector &instructions) { if (instructions.size() < 3) { return false; } for (size_t op = 0; op < instructions.size(); ++op) { if (instructions[op].is_comparison) { auto op2 = op + 1; while (op2 < instructions.size() && !instructions[op2].is_comparison && !instructions[op2].is_branch) { ++op2; } if (op2 < instructions.size() && (op2 - op) > 1 && instructions[op2 - 1].opcode != mos6502::OpCode::plp) { if (instructions[op2].is_comparison) { continue; } if (instructions[op2].is_branch) { // insert a pull of processor status before the branch instructions.insert(std::next(std::begin(instructions), static_cast(op2)), mos6502(mos6502::OpCode::plp)); // insert a push of processor status after the comparison instructions.insert(std::next(std::begin(instructions), static_cast(op + 1)), mos6502(mos6502::OpCode::php)); return true; } } } } return false; } void run(const Personality &personality, std::istream &input) { std::regex Comment(R"(\s*\#.*)"); std::regex Label(R"(^\s*(\S+):.*)"); std::regex Directive(R"(^\s*(\..+))"); std::regex UnaryInstruction(R"(^\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+))"); std::regex BinaryInstruction(R"(^\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+),\s*(\S+))"); std::regex Instruction(R"(^\s+(\S+))"); std::size_t lineno = 0; std::vector instructions; while (input.good()) { std::string line; getline(input, line); try { std::smatch match; if (std::regex_match(line, match, Label)) { instructions.emplace_back(lineno, line, ASMLine::Type::Label, match[1].str()); } else if (std::regex_match(line, match, Comment)) { // don't care about comments } else if (std::regex_match(line, match, Directive)) { instructions.emplace_back(lineno, line, ASMLine::Type::Directive, match[1].str()); } else if (std::regex_match(line, match, BinaryInstruction)) { instructions.emplace_back(lineno, line, ASMLine::Type::Instruction, match[1].str(), match[2].str(), match[3].str()); } else if (std::regex_match(line, match, UnaryInstruction)) { instructions.emplace_back(lineno, line, ASMLine::Type::Instruction, match[1].str(), match[2].str()); } else if (std::regex_match(line, match, Instruction)) { instructions.emplace_back(lineno, line, ASMLine::Type::Instruction, match[1].str()); } else if (line.empty()) { // skip empty lines } } catch (const std::exception &e) { log(LogLevel::Error, lineno, line, e.what()); } ++lineno; } std::set labels; for (const auto &i : instructions) { if (i.type == ASMLine::Type::Label) { labels.insert(i.text); } } std::set used_labels{ "main" }; for (const auto &i : instructions) { if (i.type == ASMLine::Type::Instruction) { const auto check_label = [&](const std::string &value) { if (labels.count(value) != 0) { used_labels.insert(value); } }; check_label(i.operand1.value); check_label(i.operand2.value); check_label(std::string{ strip_lo_hi(i.operand1.value) }); check_label(std::string{ strip_lo_hi(i.operand2.value) }); } } const auto new_labels = [&used_labels]() { std::map result; for (const auto &l : used_labels) { auto newl = l; std::transform(newl.begin(), newl.end(), newl.begin(), [](const auto c) { return std::tolower(c); }); newl.erase(std::remove_if(newl.begin(), newl.end(), [](const auto c) { return !std::isalnum(c); }), std::end(newl)); result.emplace(std::make_pair(l, newl)); } return result; }(); for (const auto &l : new_labels) { std::clog << "Label: '" << l.first << "': '" << l.second << "'\n"; } for (auto &i : instructions) { if (i.type == ASMLine::Type::Label) { std::clog << "Looking up Label: '" << i.text << "'\n"; if (i.text == "0") { i.text = "-memcpy_0"; } else { i.text = new_labels.at(i.text); } } if (i.operand2.value.starts_with("lo8(") || i.operand2.value.starts_with("hi8(")) { const auto potential_label = strip_lo_hi(i.operand2.value); const auto itr1 = new_labels.find(std::string{ potential_label }); if (itr1 != new_labels.end()) { i.operand2.value.replace(4, potential_label.size(), itr1->second); } } const auto itr1 = new_labels.find(i.operand1.value); if (itr1 != new_labels.end()) { i.operand1.value = itr1->second; } const auto itr2 = new_labels.find(i.operand2.value); if (itr2 != new_labels.end()) { i.operand2.value = itr2->second; } } constexpr static auto start_address = 0x0801; std::vector new_instructions; new_instructions.emplace_back(ASMLine::Type::Directive, ".word " + std::to_string(start_address)); new_instructions.emplace_back(ASMLine::Type::Directive, "* = " + std::to_string(start_address)); personality.insert_autostart_sequence(new_instructions); // set __zero_reg__ (reg 1 on AVR) to 0 new_instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::lda, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "#$00")); new_instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::sta, personality.get_register(1)); new_instructions.emplace_back(mos6502::OpCode::jmp, Operand(Operand::Type::literal, "main")); int instructions_to_skip = 0; std::string next_label_name; for (const auto &i : instructions) { to_mos6502(personality, i, new_instructions); // intentionally copy so we don't invalidate the reference const auto last_instruction = new_instructions.back(); const auto last_instruction_loc = new_instructions.size() - 1; if (instructions_to_skip == 1) { new_instructions.emplace_back(ASMLine::Type::Label, next_label_name); } --instructions_to_skip; if (last_instruction.type == ASMLine::Type::Directive && last_instruction.text.starts_with("skip_next_instruction")) { instructions_to_skip = 1; next_label_name = last_instruction.text; new_instructions.erase(std::next(new_instructions.begin(), static_cast(last_instruction_loc))); } if (last_instruction.type == ASMLine::Type::Directive && last_instruction.text.starts_with("skip_next_2_instructions")) { instructions_to_skip = 2; next_label_name = last_instruction.text; new_instructions.erase(std::next(new_instructions.begin(), static_cast(last_instruction_loc))); } } while (fix_overwritten_flags(new_instructions)) { // do it however many times it takes } while (optimize(new_instructions)) { // do it however many times it takes } int branch_patch_count = 0; while (fix_long_branches(new_instructions, branch_patch_count)) { // do it however many times it takes } for (const auto &i : new_instructions) { std::cout << i.to_string() << '\n'; } } int main(const int argc, const char **argv) { std::ifstream input_file; std::istream &input = [&]() -> std::istream & { if (argc > 1) { input_file.open(argv[1]); return input_file; } else { return std::cin; } }(); C64 personality; std::cout << "; AVR Mode\n"; run(personality, input); }