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8bitworkshop/presets/verilog/simplecpu.v
2018-02-09 16:23:25 -06:00

252 lines
5.9 KiB
Verilog

`define OP_LOAD_A 4'h0
`define OP_LOAD_B 4'h1
`define OP_OR 4'h2
`define OP_AND 4'h3
`define OP_XOR 4'h4
`define OP_INC 4'h5
`define OP_DEC 4'h6
`define OP_NOP 4'h7
// operations that generate carry
`define OP_ADD 4'h8
`define OP_SUB 4'h9
`define OP_ASL 4'ha
`define OP_LSR 4'hb
module ALU(
input [7:0] A,
input [7:0] B,
output [8:0] Y,
input [3:0] aluop
);
always @(*)
case (aluop)
`OP_LOAD_A: Y = {1'b0, A};
`OP_LOAD_B: Y = {1'b0, B};
`OP_OR: Y = {1'b0, A | B};
`OP_AND: Y = {1'b0, A & B};
`OP_XOR: Y = {1'b0, A ^ B};
`OP_INC: Y = A + 1;
`OP_DEC: Y = A - 1;
`OP_ADD: Y = A + B;
`OP_SUB: Y = A - B;
`OP_ASL: Y = A + A;
`OP_LSR: Y = {A[0], A >> 1};
default: Y = 9'bx;
endcase
endmodule
/*
Bits Description
00ddaaaa A + B -> dest
01ddaaaa A + immediate -> dest
11ddaaaa A + read [B] -> dest
10000001 swap A <-> B
1001nnnn A -> write [nnnn]
1010tttt conditional branch
dd = destination (00=A, 01=B, 10=IP, 11=none)
aaaa = ALU operation (replaces + operator)
nnnn = 4-bit constant
tttt = flags test for conditional branch
*/
`define DEST_A 2'b00
`define DEST_B 2'b01
`define DEST_IP 2'b10
`define DEST_NOP 2'b11
`define I_COMPUTE(dest,op) { 2'b00, 2'(dest), 4'(op) }
`define I_COMPUTE_IMM(dest,op) { 2'b01, 2'(dest), 4'(op) }
`define I_COMPUTE_READB(dest,op) { 2'b11, 2'(dest), 4'(op) }
`define I_CONST_IMM_A { 2'b01, `DEST_A, `OP_LOAD_B }
`define I_CONST_IMM_B { 2'b01, `DEST_B, `OP_LOAD_B }
`define I_JUMP_IMM { 2'b01, `DEST_IP, `OP_LOAD_B }
`define I_STORE_A(addr) { 4'b1001, 4'(addr) }
`define I_BRANCH_IF_CARRY(carry) { 4'b1010, 2'b00, 1'(carry), 1'b1 }
`define I_SWAP_AB { 8'b10000001 }
`define I_RESET { 8'b10111111 }
module CPU(
input clk,
input reset,
output [7:0] address,
input [7:0] data_in,
output [7:0] data_out,
output write
);
reg [7:0] IP;
reg [7:0] A, B;
reg [8:0] Y;
reg [2:0] state;
reg carry;
reg zero;
wire [1:0] flags = { zero, carry };
reg [7:0] opcode;
wire [3:0] aluop = opcode[3:0];
wire [1:0] opdest = opcode[5:4];
wire memalu = opcode[6];
localparam S_RESET = 0;
localparam S_SELECT = 1;
localparam S_DECODE = 2;
localparam S_COMPUTE = 3;
localparam S_READ_IP = 4;
ALU alu(.A(A), .B(memalu?data_in:B), .Y(Y), .aluop(aluop));
always @(posedge clk)
if (reset) begin
state <= 0;
write <= 0;
end else begin
case (state)
// state 0: reset
S_RESET: begin
IP <= 8'h80;
write <= 0;
state <= S_SELECT;
end
// state 1: select opcode address
S_SELECT: begin
address <= IP;
IP <= IP + 1;
write <= 0;
state <= S_DECODE;
end
// state 2: read/decode opcode
S_DECODE: begin
opcode <= data_in;
casez (data_in)
// ALU A + B -> dest
8'b00??????: begin
state <= S_COMPUTE;
end
// ALU A + immediate -> dest
8'b01??????: begin
address <= IP;
IP <= IP + 1;
state <= S_COMPUTE;
end
// ALU A + read [B] -> dest
8'b11??????: begin
address <= B;
state <= S_COMPUTE;
end
// A -> write [aluop]
8'b1001????: begin
address <= {4'b0, aluop};
data_out <= A;
write <= 1;
state <= S_SELECT;
end
// swap A,B
8'b10000001: begin
A <= B;
B <= A;
state <= S_SELECT;
end
// conditional branch
8'b1010????: begin
if (
(data_in[0] && (data_in[1] == carry)) ||
(data_in[2] && (data_in[3] == zero)))
begin
address <= IP;
state <= S_READ_IP;
end else begin
state <= S_SELECT;
end
IP <= IP + 1; // skip immediate
end
// fall-through RESET
default: begin
state <= S_RESET; // reset
end
endcase
end
// state 3: compute ALU op and flags
S_COMPUTE: begin
// transfer ALU output to destination
case (opdest)
`DEST_A: A <= Y[7:0];
`DEST_B: B <= Y[7:0];
`DEST_IP: IP <= Y[7:0];
`DEST_NOP: ;
endcase
// set carry for certain operations (code >= 8)
if (aluop[3]) carry <= Y[8];
// set zero flag
zero <= ~|Y;
// repeat CPU loop
state <= S_SELECT;
end
// state 4: read new IP from memory (immediate mode)
S_READ_IP: begin
IP <= data_in;
state <= S_SELECT;
end
endcase
end
endmodule
module test_CPU_top(
input clk,
input reset,
output [7:0] address_bus,
output reg [7:0] to_cpu,
output [7:0] from_cpu,
output write_enable,
output [7:0] IP,
output [7:0] A,
output [7:0] B
);
reg [7:0] ram[0:127];
reg [7:0] rom[0:127];
assign IP = cpu.IP;
assign A = cpu.A;
assign B = cpu.B;
CPU cpu(.clk(clk),
.reset(reset),
.address(address_bus),
.data_in(to_cpu),
.data_out(from_cpu),
.write(write_enable));
// does not work as (posedge clk)
always @(*)
if (write_enable)
ram[address_bus[6:0]] = from_cpu;
else if (address_bus[7] == 0)
to_cpu = ram[address_bus[6:0]];
else
to_cpu = rom[address_bus[6:0]];
initial begin
rom = '{
`I_CONST_IMM_A,
0,
`I_CONST_IMM_B,
1,
`I_COMPUTE(`DEST_A, `OP_ADD), // addr 4
`I_SWAP_AB,
`I_BRANCH_IF_CARRY(0),
4 + 'h80, // correct for ROM offset
`I_RESET,
// leftover elements
119{0}
};
end
endmodule