// // Electron.cpp // Clock Signal // // Created by Thomas Harte on 03/01/2016. // Copyright © 2016 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved. // #include "Electron.hpp" #include "TapeUEF.hpp" #include #include using namespace Electron; static const unsigned int cycles_per_line = 128; static const unsigned int cycles_per_frame = 312*cycles_per_line + 64; static const unsigned int crt_cycles_multiplier = 8; static const unsigned int crt_cycles_per_line = crt_cycles_multiplier * cycles_per_line; static const int first_graphics_line = 38; static const int first_graphics_cycle = 33; static const int last_graphics_cycle = 80 + first_graphics_cycle; Machine::Machine() : _interrupt_control(0), _interrupt_status(Interrupt::PowerOnReset), _fieldCycles(0), _displayOutputPosition(0), _audioOutputPosition(0), _audioOutputPositionError(0), _currentOutputLine(0), _is_odd_field(false), _crt(std::unique_ptr(new Outputs::CRT(crt_cycles_per_line, 8, Outputs::CRT::DisplayType::PAL50, 1, 1))) { _crt->set_rgb_sampling_function( "vec3 rgb_sample(vec2 coordinate)" "{" "float texValue = texture(texID, coordinate).r;" "return vec3(step(4.0/256.0, mod(texValue, 8.0/256.0)), step(2.0/256.0, mod(texValue, 4.0/256.0)), step(1.0/256.0, mod(texValue, 2.0/256.0)));" "}"); // _crt->set_visible_area(Outputs::Rect(0.23108f, 0.0f, 0.8125f, 0.98f)); //1875 memset(_key_states, 0, sizeof(_key_states)); memset(_palette, 0xf, sizeof(_palette)); for(int c = 0; c < 16; c++) memset(_roms[c], 0xff, 16384); _speaker.set_input_rate(125000); _tape.set_delegate(this); } unsigned int Machine::perform_bus_operation(CPU6502::BusOperation operation, uint16_t address, uint8_t *value) { unsigned int cycles = 1; if(address < 0x8000) { if(isReadOperation(operation)) { *value = _ram[address]; } else { // If we're still before the display will start to be painted, or the address is // less than both the current line address and 0x3000, (the minimum screen mode // base address) then there's no way this write can affect the current frame. Sp // no need to flush the display. Otherwise, output up until now so that any // write doesn't have retroactive effect on the video output. if(!( (_fieldCycles < first_graphics_line * cycles_per_line) || (address < _startLineAddress && address < 0x3000) )) update_display(); _ram[address] = *value; } // for the entire frame, RAM is accessible only on odd cycles; in modes below 4 // it's also accessible only outside of the pixel regions cycles += (_fieldCycles&1)^1; if(_screen_mode < 4) { const int current_line = _fieldCycles >> 7; const int line_position = _fieldCycles & 127; if(current_line >= first_graphics_line && current_line < first_graphics_line+256 && line_position >= first_graphics_cycle && line_position < first_graphics_cycle + 80) cycles = (unsigned int)(80 + first_graphics_cycle - line_position); } } else { if(address >= 0xc000) { if((address & 0xff00) == 0xfe00) { cycles += (_fieldCycles&1)^1; // printf("%c: %02x: ", isReadOperation(operation) ? 'r' : 'w', *value); switch(address&0xf) { case 0x0: if(isReadOperation(operation)) { *value = _interrupt_status; _interrupt_status &= ~0x02; } else { _interrupt_control = *value; evaluate_interrupts(); } break; case 0x1: break; case 0x2: printf("%02x to [2] mutates %04x ", *value, _startScreenAddress); _startScreenAddress = (_startScreenAddress & 0xfe00) | (uint16_t)(((*value) & 0xe0) << 1); printf("into %04x\n", _startScreenAddress); break; case 0x3: printf("%02x to [3] mutates %04x ", *value, _startScreenAddress); _startScreenAddress = (_startScreenAddress & 0x01ff) | (uint16_t)(((*value) & 0x3f) << 9); printf("into %04x\n", _startScreenAddress); break; case 0x4: if(isReadOperation(operation)) { *value = _tape.get_data_register(); _tape.clear_interrupts(Interrupt::ReceiveDataFull); } else { _tape.set_data_register(*value); _tape.clear_interrupts(Interrupt::TransmitDataEmpty); } break; case 0x5: if(!isReadOperation(operation)) { const uint8_t interruptDisable = (*value)&0xf0; if( interruptDisable ) { if( interruptDisable&0x10 ) _interrupt_status &= ~Interrupt::DisplayEnd; if( interruptDisable&0x20 ) _interrupt_status &= ~Interrupt::RealTimeClock; if( interruptDisable&0x40 ) _interrupt_status &= ~Interrupt::HighToneDetect; evaluate_interrupts(); // TODO: NMI (?) } // else { uint8_t nextROM = (*value)&0xf; // if(nextROM&0x08) // { // _activeRom = (Electron::ROMSlot)(nextROM&0x0e); // printf("%d -> Paged %d\n", nextROM, _activeRom); // } if(((_active_rom&12) != 8) || (nextROM&8)) { _active_rom = (Electron::ROMSlot)nextROM; } // else // { // printf("Ignored!"); // } // printf("%d -> Paged %d\n", nextROM, _activeRom); } } break; case 0x6: if(!isReadOperation(operation)) { update_audio(); _speaker.set_divider(*value); _tape.set_counter(*value); } break; case 0x7: if(!isReadOperation(operation)) { // update screen mode uint8_t new_screen_mode = ((*value) >> 3)&7; if(new_screen_mode == 7) new_screen_mode = 4; if(new_screen_mode != _screen_mode) { printf("To mode %d, %d cycles into field (%d)\n", new_screen_mode, _fieldCycles, _fieldCycles >> 7); update_display(); _screen_mode = new_screen_mode; switch(_screen_mode) { case 0: case 1: case 2: _screenModeBaseAddress = 0x3000; break; case 3: _screenModeBaseAddress = 0x4000; break; case 4: case 5: _screenModeBaseAddress = 0x5800; break; case 6: _screenModeBaseAddress = 0x6000; break; } } // update speaker mode bool new_speaker_is_enabled = (*value & 6) == 2; if(new_speaker_is_enabled != _speaker.get_is_enabled()) { update_audio(); _speaker.set_is_enabled(new_speaker_is_enabled); _tape.set_is_enabled(!new_speaker_is_enabled); } _tape.set_is_running(((*value)&0x40) ? true : false); _tape.set_is_in_input_mode(((*value)&0x04) ? false : true); // TODO: caps lock LED } break; default: { if(!isReadOperation(operation)) { update_display(); static const int registers[4][4] = { {10, 8, 2, 0}, {14, 12, 6, 4}, {15, 13, 7, 5}, {11, 9, 3, 1}, }; const int index = (address >> 1)&3; const uint8_t colour = ~(*value); if(address&1) { _palette[registers[index][0]] = (_palette[registers[index][0]]&3) | ((colour >> 1)&4); _palette[registers[index][1]] = (_palette[registers[index][1]]&3) | ((colour >> 0)&4); _palette[registers[index][2]] = (_palette[registers[index][2]]&3) | ((colour << 1)&4); _palette[registers[index][3]] = (_palette[registers[index][3]]&3) | ((colour << 2)&4); _palette[registers[index][2]] = (_palette[registers[index][2]]&5) | ((colour >> 4)&2); _palette[registers[index][3]] = (_palette[registers[index][3]]&5) | ((colour >> 3)&2); } else { _palette[registers[index][0]] = (_palette[registers[index][0]]&6) | ((colour >> 7)&1); _palette[registers[index][1]] = (_palette[registers[index][1]]&6) | ((colour >> 6)&1); _palette[registers[index][2]] = (_palette[registers[index][2]]&6) | ((colour >> 5)&1); _palette[registers[index][3]] = (_palette[registers[index][3]]&6) | ((colour >> 4)&1); _palette[registers[index][0]] = (_palette[registers[index][0]]&5) | ((colour >> 2)&2); _palette[registers[index][1]] = (_palette[registers[index][1]]&5) | ((colour >> 1)&2); } } } break; } } else { if(isReadOperation(operation)) *value = _os[address & 16383]; } } else { if(isReadOperation(operation)) { switch(_active_rom) { case ROMSlotKeyboard: case ROMSlotKeyboard+1: *value = 0xf0; for(int address_line = 0; address_line < 14; address_line++) { if(!(address&(1 << address_line))) *value |= _key_states[address_line]; } break; default: *value = _roms[_active_rom][address & 16383]; break; } } } } // if(operation == CPU6502::BusOperation::ReadOpcode) // { // printf("%04x: %02x (%d)\n", address, *value, _fieldCycles); // } unsigned int start_of_graphics = get_first_graphics_cycle(); const unsigned int real_time_clock_interrupt_time = start_of_graphics + 99*128; const unsigned int display_end_interrupt_time = start_of_graphics + 257*128 + 64; if(_fieldCycles < real_time_clock_interrupt_time && _fieldCycles + cycles >= real_time_clock_interrupt_time) { update_audio(); signal_interrupt(Interrupt::RealTimeClock); } else if(_fieldCycles < display_end_interrupt_time && _fieldCycles + cycles >= display_end_interrupt_time) { update_audio(); signal_interrupt(Interrupt::DisplayEnd); } _fieldCycles += cycles; switch(_fieldCycles) { case 64*128: case 196*128: update_audio(); break; case cycles_per_frame: update_display(); update_audio(); _fieldCycles = 0; _displayOutputPosition = 0; _audioOutputPosition = 0; _currentOutputLine = 0; break; } _tape.run_for_cycles(cycles); return cycles; } void Machine::update_output() { update_display(); update_audio(); } void Machine::set_tape(std::shared_ptr tape) { _tape.set_tape(tape); } void Machine::set_rom(ROMSlot slot, size_t length, const uint8_t *data) { uint8_t *target = nullptr; switch(slot) { case ROMSlotOS: target = _os; break; default: target = _roms[slot]; break; } memcpy(target, data, std::min((size_t)16384, length)); } inline void Machine::signal_interrupt(Electron::Interrupt interrupt) { _interrupt_status |= interrupt; evaluate_interrupts(); } void Machine::tape_did_change_interrupt_status(Tape *tape) { _interrupt_status = (_interrupt_status & ~(Interrupt::TransmitDataEmpty | Interrupt::ReceiveDataFull | Interrupt::HighToneDetect)) | _tape.get_interrupt_status(); evaluate_interrupts(); } inline void Machine::evaluate_interrupts() { if(_interrupt_status & _interrupt_control) { _interrupt_status |= 1; } else { _interrupt_status &= ~1; } set_irq_line(_interrupt_status & 1); } inline void Machine::update_audio() { int difference = (int)_fieldCycles - _audioOutputPosition; _audioOutputPosition = (int)_fieldCycles; _speaker.run_for_cycles((_audioOutputPositionError + difference) >> 4); _audioOutputPositionError = (_audioOutputPositionError + difference)&15; } inline void Machine::reset_pixel_output() { display_x = 0; display_y = 0; _currentScreenAddress = _startLineAddress = _startScreenAddress; _currentOutputLine = 0; } inline void Machine::output_pixels(int start_x, int number_of_pixels) { if(number_of_pixels) { if( ((_screen_mode == 3) || (_screen_mode == 6)) && (((display_y%10) >= 8) || (display_y >= 250)) ) { end_pixel_output(); _crt->output_blank((unsigned int)number_of_pixels * crt_cycles_multiplier); return; } unsigned int newDivider = 0; switch(_screen_mode) { case 0: case 3: newDivider = 1; break; case 1: case 4: case 6: newDivider = 2; break; case 2: case 5: newDivider = 4; break; } bool is40Column = (_screen_mode > 3); if(!_writePointer || newDivider != _currentOutputDivider || _isOutputting40Columns != is40Column) { end_pixel_output(); _currentOutputDivider = newDivider; _isOutputting40Columns = is40Column; _crt->allocate_write_area(640 / newDivider); _currentLine = _writePointer = _crt->get_write_target_for_buffer(0); } if(is40Column) { number_of_pixels = ((start_x + number_of_pixels) >> 1) - (start_x >> 1); } #define GetNextPixels() \ if(_currentScreenAddress&32768)\ {\ _currentScreenAddress = (_screenModeBaseAddress + _currentScreenAddress)&32767;\ }\ uint8_t pixels = _ram[_currentScreenAddress];\ _currentScreenAddress = _currentScreenAddress+8 switch(_screen_mode) { default: case 0: case 3: case 4: case 6: while(number_of_pixels--) { GetNextPixels(); _writePointer[0] = _palette[(pixels&0x80) >> 4]; _writePointer[1] = _palette[(pixels&0x40) >> 3]; _writePointer[2] = _palette[(pixels&0x20) >> 2]; _writePointer[3] = _palette[(pixels&0x10) >> 1]; _writePointer[4] = _palette[(pixels&0x08) >> 0]; _writePointer[5] = _palette[(pixels&0x04) << 1]; _writePointer[6] = _palette[(pixels&0x02) << 2]; _writePointer[7] = _palette[(pixels&0x01) << 3]; _writePointer += 8; } break; case 1: case 5: while(number_of_pixels--) { GetNextPixels(); _writePointer[0] = _palette[((pixels&0x80) >> 4) | ((pixels&0x08) >> 2)]; _writePointer[1] = _palette[((pixels&0x40) >> 3) | ((pixels&0x04) >> 1)]; _writePointer[2] = _palette[((pixels&0x20) >> 2) | ((pixels&0x02) >> 0)]; _writePointer[3] = _palette[((pixels&0x10) >> 1) | ((pixels&0x01) << 1)]; _writePointer += 4; } break; case 2: while(number_of_pixels--) { GetNextPixels(); _writePointer[0] = _palette[((pixels&0x80) >> 4) | ((pixels&0x20) >> 3) | ((pixels&0x08) >> 2) | ((pixels&0x02) >> 1)]; _writePointer[1] = _palette[((pixels&0x40) >> 3) | ((pixels&0x10) >> 2) | ((pixels&0x04) >> 1) | ((pixels&0x01) >> 0)]; _writePointer += 2; } break; } } #undef GetNextPixels } inline void Machine::end_pixel_output() { if(_currentLine != nullptr) { _crt->output_data((unsigned int)((_writePointer - _currentLine) * _currentOutputDivider), _currentOutputDivider); _writePointer = _currentLine = nullptr; } } inline void Machine::update_pixels_to_position(int x, int y) { while((display_x < x) || (display_y < y)) { if(display_x < first_graphics_cycle) { display_x++; if(display_x == first_graphics_cycle) { _crt->output_sync(9 * crt_cycles_multiplier); _crt->output_blank((first_graphics_cycle - 9) * crt_cycles_multiplier); _currentScreenAddress = _startLineAddress; } continue; } if(display_x < last_graphics_cycle) { int cycles_to_output = (display_y < y) ? last_graphics_cycle - display_x : std::min(last_graphics_cycle - display_x, x - display_x); output_pixels(display_x, cycles_to_output); display_x += cycles_to_output; if(display_x == last_graphics_cycle) { end_pixel_output(); } continue; } display_x++; if(display_x == 128) { _crt->output_blank((128 - 80 - first_graphics_cycle) * crt_cycles_multiplier); display_x = 0; display_y++; if(((_screen_mode != 3) && (_screen_mode != 6)) || ((display_y%10) < 8)) { _startLineAddress++; _currentOutputLine++; if(_currentOutputLine == 8) { _currentOutputLine = 0; _startLineAddress = (_startLineAddress - 8) + ((_screen_mode < 4) ? 80 : 40)*8; } } } } } inline unsigned int Machine::get_first_graphics_cycle() { return (first_graphics_line * cycles_per_line) - (_is_odd_field ? 0 : 64); } inline void Machine::update_display() { /* Odd field: Even field: |--S--| -S-| |--S--| |--S--| |-S-B-| = 3 |--S--| = 2.5 |--B--| |--B--| |--P--| |--P--| |--B--| = 312 |--B--| = 312.5 |-B- */ const unsigned int end_of_top = get_first_graphics_cycle(); const unsigned int end_of_graphics = end_of_top + 256 * cycles_per_line; // does the top region need to be output? if(_displayOutputPosition < end_of_top && _fieldCycles >= end_of_top) { _crt->output_sync(320 * crt_cycles_multiplier); if(_is_odd_field) _crt->output_blank(64 * crt_cycles_multiplier); _displayOutputPosition += 320 + (_is_odd_field ? 64 : 0); while(_displayOutputPosition < end_of_top) { _displayOutputPosition += 128; _crt->output_sync(9 * crt_cycles_multiplier); _crt->output_blank(119 * crt_cycles_multiplier); } assert(_displayOutputPosition == end_of_top); reset_pixel_output(); } // is this the pixel region? if(_displayOutputPosition >= end_of_top && _displayOutputPosition < end_of_graphics) { unsigned int final_position = std::min(_fieldCycles, end_of_graphics) - end_of_top; unsigned int final_line = final_position >> 7; unsigned int final_pixel = final_position & 127; update_pixels_to_position((int)final_pixel, (int)final_line); _displayOutputPosition = final_position + end_of_top; } // is this the bottom region? if(_displayOutputPosition >= end_of_graphics && _displayOutputPosition < cycles_per_frame) { unsigned int remaining_time = cycles_per_frame - _displayOutputPosition; while(remaining_time >= 128) { _crt->output_sync(9 * crt_cycles_multiplier); _crt->output_blank(119 * crt_cycles_multiplier); remaining_time -= 128; } if(remaining_time == 64) { _crt->output_sync(9 * crt_cycles_multiplier); _crt->output_blank(55 * crt_cycles_multiplier); } _displayOutputPosition = cycles_per_frame; _is_odd_field ^= true; } } void Machine::set_key_state(Key key, bool isPressed) { if(key == KeyBreak) { set_reset_line(isPressed); } else { if(isPressed) _key_states[key >> 4] |= key&0xf; else _key_states[key >> 4] &= ~(key&0xf); } } /* Speaker */ void Speaker::get_samples(unsigned int number_of_samples, int16_t *target) { if(!_is_enabled) { *target = 0; } else { *target = _output_level; } skip_samples(number_of_samples); } void Speaker::skip_samples(unsigned int number_of_samples) { while(number_of_samples--) { _counter ++; if(_counter > _divider) { _counter = 0; _output_level ^= 8192; } } } void Speaker::set_divider(uint8_t divider) { _divider = divider; } void Speaker::set_is_enabled(bool is_enabled) { _is_enabled = is_enabled; _counter = 0; } /* Tape */ Tape::Tape() : _is_running(false), _data_register(0), _delegate(nullptr), _output_bits_remaining(0), _last_posted_interrupt_status(0), _interrupt_status(0) {} void Tape::set_tape(std::shared_ptr tape) { _tape = tape; get_next_tape_pulse(); } inline void Tape::get_next_tape_pulse() { _time_into_pulse = 0; _current_pulse = _tape->get_next_pulse(); if(_input_pulse_stepper == nullptr || _current_pulse.length.clock_rate != _input_pulse_stepper->get_output_rate()) { _input_pulse_stepper = std::unique_ptr(new SignalProcessing::Stepper(_current_pulse.length.clock_rate, 2000000)); } } inline void Tape::push_tape_bit(uint16_t bit) { _data_register = (uint16_t)((_data_register >> 1) | (bit << 10)); if(_bits_since_start) { _bits_since_start--; if(_bits_since_start == 7) { _interrupt_status &= ~Interrupt::ReceiveDataFull; } } evaluate_interrupts(); } inline void Tape::reset_tape_input() { _bits_since_start = 0; // _interrupt_status &= ~(Interrupt::ReceiveDataFull | Interrupt::TransmitDataEmpty | Interrupt::HighToneDetect); // // if(_last_posted_interrupt_status != _interrupt_status) // { // _last_posted_interrupt_status = _interrupt_status; // if(_delegate) _delegate->tape_did_change_interrupt_status(this); // } } inline void Tape::evaluate_interrupts() { if(!_bits_since_start) { if((_data_register&0x3) == 0x1) { _interrupt_status |= Interrupt::ReceiveDataFull; if(_is_in_input_mode) _bits_since_start = 9; } } if(_data_register == 0x3ff) _interrupt_status |= Interrupt::HighToneDetect; else _interrupt_status &= ~Interrupt::HighToneDetect; if(_last_posted_interrupt_status != _interrupt_status) { _last_posted_interrupt_status = _interrupt_status; if(_delegate) _delegate->tape_did_change_interrupt_status(this); } } inline void Tape::clear_interrupts(uint8_t interrupts) { if(_interrupt_status & interrupts) { _interrupt_status &= ~interrupts; if(_delegate) _delegate->tape_did_change_interrupt_status(this); } } inline void Tape::set_is_in_input_mode(bool is_in_input_mode) { _is_in_input_mode = is_in_input_mode; } inline void Tape::set_counter(uint8_t value) { _output_pulse_stepper = std::unique_ptr(new SignalProcessing::Stepper(1200, 2000000)); } inline void Tape::set_data_register(uint8_t value) { _data_register = (uint16_t)((value << 2) | 1); printf("Loaded — %03x\n", _data_register); _bits_since_start = _output_bits_remaining = 9; } inline uint8_t Tape::get_data_register() { return (uint8_t)(_data_register >> 2); } inline void Tape::run_for_cycles(unsigned int number_of_cycles) { if(_is_enabled) { if(_is_in_input_mode) { if(_is_running && _tape != nullptr) { while(number_of_cycles--) { _time_into_pulse += (unsigned int)_input_pulse_stepper->step(); if(_time_into_pulse == _current_pulse.length.length) { get_next_tape_pulse(); _crossings[0] = _crossings[1]; _crossings[1] = _crossings[2]; _crossings[2] = _crossings[3]; _crossings[3] = Tape::Unrecognised; if(_current_pulse.type != Storage::Tape::Pulse::Zero) { float pulse_length = (float)_current_pulse.length.length / (float)_current_pulse.length.clock_rate; if(pulse_length >= 0.35 / 2400.0 && pulse_length < 0.7 / 2400.0) _crossings[3] = Tape::Short; if(pulse_length >= 0.35 / 1200.0 && pulse_length < 0.7 / 1200.0) _crossings[3] = Tape::Long; } if(_crossings[0] == Tape::Long && _crossings[1] == Tape::Long) { push_tape_bit(0); _crossings[0] = _crossings[1] = Tape::Recognised; } else { if(_crossings[0] == Tape::Short && _crossings[1] == Tape::Short && _crossings[2] == Tape::Short && _crossings[3] == Tape::Short) { push_tape_bit(1); _crossings[0] = _crossings[1] = _crossings[2] = _crossings[3] = Tape::Recognised; } } } } } } else { while(number_of_cycles--) { if(_output_pulse_stepper->step()) { _output_bits_remaining--; _bits_since_start--; if(!_output_bits_remaining) { _output_bits_remaining = 9; _interrupt_status |= Interrupt::TransmitDataEmpty; } evaluate_interrupts(); _data_register = (_data_register >> 1) | 0x200; printf("Shifted — %03x\n", _data_register); } } } } }