// // TIA.cpp // Clock Signal // // Created by Thomas Harte on 28/01/2017. // Copyright © 2017 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved. // #include "TIA.hpp" using namespace Atari2600; namespace { const int cycles_per_line = 228; const int first_pixel_cycle = 68; const int sync_flag = 0x1; const int blank_flag = 0x2; uint8_t reverse_table[256]; } TIA::TIA() : horizontal_counter_(0), pixels_start_location_(0), output_mode_(0), background_{0, 0}, background_half_mask_(0) { crt_.reset(new Outputs::CRT::CRT(cycles_per_line * 2 + 1, 1, Outputs::CRT::DisplayType::NTSC60, 1)); crt_->set_output_device(Outputs::CRT::Television); set_output_mode(OutputMode::NTSC); for(int c = 0; c < 256; c++) { reverse_table[c] = (uint8_t)( ((c & 0x01) << 7) | ((c & 0x02) << 5) | ((c & 0x04) << 3) | ((c & 0x08) << 1) | ((c & 0x10) >> 1) | ((c & 0x20) >> 3) | ((c & 0x40) >> 5) | ((c & 0x80) >> 7) ); } for(int c = 0; c < 64; c++) { collision_flags_by_buffer_vaules_[c] = 0; // TODO } for(int c = 0; c < 64; c++) { bool has_playfield = c & (int)(CollisionType::Playfield); bool has_ball = c & (int)(CollisionType::Ball); bool has_player0 = c & (int)(CollisionType::Player0); bool has_player1 = c & (int)(CollisionType::Player1); bool has_missile0 = c & (int)(CollisionType::Missile0); bool has_missile1 = c & (int)(CollisionType::Missile1); colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[(int)ColourMode::Standard][c] = colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[(int)ColourMode::ScoreLeft][c] = colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[(int)ColourMode::ScoreRight][c] = colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[(int)ColourMode::OnTop][c] = (uint8_t)ColourIndex::Background; if(has_playfield || has_ball) { colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[(int)ColourMode::Standard][c] = (uint8_t)ColourIndex::PlayfieldBall; } if(has_ball) { colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[(int)ColourMode::ScoreLeft][c] = colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[(int)ColourMode::ScoreRight][c] = (uint8_t)ColourIndex::PlayfieldBall; } if(has_player1 || has_missile1) { colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[(int)ColourMode::Standard][c] = colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[(int)ColourMode::ScoreLeft][c] = colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[(int)ColourMode::ScoreRight][c] = colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[(int)ColourMode::OnTop][c] = (uint8_t)ColourIndex::PlayerMissile1; } if(has_playfield) { colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[(int)ColourMode::ScoreRight][c] = (uint8_t)ColourIndex::PlayerMissile1; } if(has_player0 || has_missile0) { colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[(int)ColourMode::Standard][c] = colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[(int)ColourMode::ScoreLeft][c] = colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[(int)ColourMode::ScoreRight][c] = colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[(int)ColourMode::OnTop][c] = (uint8_t)ColourIndex::PlayerMissile0; } if(has_playfield) { colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[(int)ColourMode::ScoreLeft][c] = (uint8_t)ColourIndex::PlayerMissile0; } if(has_playfield || has_ball) { colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[(int)ColourMode::OnTop][c] = (uint8_t)ColourIndex::PlayfieldBall; } } } void TIA::set_output_mode(Atari2600::TIA::OutputMode output_mode) { // this is the NTSC phase offset function; see below for PAL crt_->set_composite_sampling_function( "float composite_sample(usampler2D texID, vec2 coordinate, vec2 iCoordinate, float phase, float amplitude)" "{" "uint c = texture(texID, coordinate).r;" "uint y = c & 14u;" "uint iPhase = (c >> 4);" "float phaseOffset = 6.283185308 * float(iPhase) / 13.0 + 5.074880441076923;" "return mix(float(y) / 14.0, step(1, iPhase) * cos(phase + phaseOffset), amplitude);" "}"); /* speaker_->set_input_rate((float)(get_clock_rate() / 38.0));*/ } TIA::~TIA() { } /*void Machine::switch_region() { // the PAL function crt_->set_composite_sampling_function( "float composite_sample(usampler2D texID, vec2 coordinate, vec2 iCoordinate, float phase, float amplitude)" "{" "uint c = texture(texID, coordinate).r;" "uint y = c & 14u;" "uint iPhase = (c >> 4);" "uint direction = iPhase & 1u;" "float phaseOffset = float(7u - direction) + (float(direction) - 0.5) * 2.0 * float(iPhase >> 1);" "phaseOffset *= 6.283185308 / 12.0;" "return mix(float(y) / 14.0, step(4, (iPhase + 2u) & 15u) * cos(phase + phaseOffset), amplitude);" "}"); crt_->set_new_timing(228, 312, Outputs::CRT::ColourSpace::YUV, 228, 1, true); is_pal_region_ = true; speaker_->set_input_rate((float)(get_clock_rate() / 38.0)); set_clock_rate(PAL_clock_rate); }*/ // justification for +5: "we need to wait at least 71 [clocks] before the HMOVE operation is complete"; // which will take 16*4 + 2 = 66 cycles from the first compare, implying the first compare must be // in five cycles from now void TIA::run_for_cycles(int number_of_cycles) { // if part way through a line, definitely perform a partial, at most up to the end of the line if(horizontal_counter_) { int cycles = std::min(number_of_cycles, cycles_per_line - horizontal_counter_); output_for_cycles(cycles); number_of_cycles -= cycles; } // output full lines for as long as possible while(number_of_cycles >= cycles_per_line) { output_line(); number_of_cycles -= cycles_per_line; } // partly start a new line if necessary if(number_of_cycles) { output_for_cycles(number_of_cycles); } } void TIA::set_sync(bool sync) { output_mode_ = (output_mode_ & ~sync_flag) | (sync ? sync_flag : 0); } void TIA::set_blank(bool blank) { output_mode_ = (output_mode_ & ~blank_flag) | (blank ? blank_flag : 0); } void TIA::reset_horizontal_counter() { } int TIA::get_cycles_until_horizontal_blank(unsigned int from_offset) { return 4 + (cycles_per_line - (horizontal_counter_ + (int)from_offset) % cycles_per_line); } void TIA::set_background_colour(uint8_t colour) { colour_palette_[(int)ColourIndex::Background] = colour; } void TIA::set_playfield(uint16_t offset, uint8_t value) { switch(offset) { case 0: background_[1] = (background_[1] & 0x0ffff) | ((uint32_t)reverse_table[value & 0xf0] << 16); background_[0] = (background_[0] & 0xffff0) | (uint32_t)(value >> 4); break; case 1: background_[1] = (background_[1] & 0xf00ff) | ((uint32_t)value << 8); background_[0] = (background_[0] & 0xff00f) | ((uint32_t)reverse_table[value] << 4); break; case 2: background_[1] = (background_[1] & 0xfff00) | reverse_table[value]; background_[0] = (background_[0] & 0x00fff) | ((uint32_t)value << 12); break; } } void TIA::set_playfield_control_and_ball_size(uint8_t value) { background_half_mask_ = value & 1; switch(value & 6) { case 0: playfield_priority_ = PlayfieldPriority::Standard; break; case 2: playfield_priority_ = PlayfieldPriority::Score; break; case 4: case 6: playfield_priority_ = PlayfieldPriority::OnTop; break; } } void TIA::set_playfield_ball_colour(uint8_t colour) { colour_palette_[(int)ColourIndex::PlayfieldBall] = colour; } void TIA::set_player_number_and_size(int player, uint8_t value) { switch(value & 7) { case 0: case 1: case 2: case 3: case 4: player_[player].size = 0; player_[player].copy_flags = value & 7; break; case 5: player_[player].size = 1; player_[player].copy_flags = 0; break; case 6: player_[player].size = 0; player_[player].copy_flags = 7; break; case 7: player_[player].size = 2; player_[player].copy_flags = 0; break; } missile_[player].size = (value >> 4)&3; } void TIA::set_player_graphic(int player, uint8_t value) { player_[player].graphic = value; } void TIA::set_player_reflected(int player, bool reflected) { player_[player].reverse_mask = reflected ? 7 : 0; } void TIA::set_player_delay(int player, bool delay) { // TODO } void TIA::set_player_position(int player) { player_[player].position = ((horizontal_counter_ - first_pixel_cycle) + 6)%160; } void TIA::set_player_motion(int player, uint8_t motion) { player_[player].motion = motion >> 4; } void TIA::set_player_missile_colour(int player, uint8_t colour) { colour_palette_[(int)ColourIndex::PlayerMissile0 + player] = colour; } void TIA::set_missile_enable(int missile, bool enabled) { } void TIA::set_missile_position(int missile) { } void TIA::set_missile_position_to_player(int missile) { } void TIA::set_missile_motion(int missile, uint8_t motion) { } void TIA::set_ball_enable(bool enabled) { } void TIA::set_ball_delay(bool delay) { } void TIA::set_ball_position() { } void TIA::set_ball_motion(uint8_t motion) { } void TIA::move() { } void TIA::clear_motion() { } uint8_t TIA::get_collision_flags(int offset) { return (uint8_t)((collision_flags_ >> (offset << 1)) << 6) & 0xc0; } void TIA::clear_collision_flags() { collision_flags_ = 0; } void TIA::output_for_cycles(int number_of_cycles) { /* Line timing is oriented around 0 being the start of the right-hand side vertical blank; a wsync synchronises the CPU to horizontal_counter_ = 0. All timing below is in terms of the NTSC colour clock. Therefore, each line is composed of: 16 cycles: blank ; -> 16 16 cycles: sync ; -> 32 16 cycles: colour burst ; -> 48 20 cycles: blank ; -> 68 8 cycles: blank or pixels, depending on whether the blank extend bit is set 152 cycles: pixels */ int output_cursor = horizontal_counter_; horizontal_counter_ += number_of_cycles; #define Period(function, target) \ if(output_cursor < target) \ { \ if(horizontal_counter_ <= target) \ { \ crt_->function((unsigned int)((horizontal_counter_ - output_cursor) * 2)); \ horizontal_counter_ %= cycles_per_line; \ return; \ } \ else \ { \ crt_->function((unsigned int)((target - output_cursor) * 2)); \ output_cursor = target; \ } \ } switch(output_mode_) { default: Period(output_blank, 16) Period(output_sync, 32) Period(output_default_colour_burst, 48) Period(output_blank, 68) break; case sync_flag: case sync_flag | blank_flag: Period(output_sync, 16) Period(output_blank, 32) Period(output_default_colour_burst, 48) Period(output_sync, 228) break; } if(output_mode_ & blank_flag) { if(pixels_start_location_) output_pixels(pixels_start_location_, output_cursor); int duration = std::min(228, horizontal_counter_) - output_cursor; crt_->output_blank((unsigned int)(duration * 2)); } else { if(!pixels_start_location_) pixels_start_location_ = output_cursor; // accumulate an OR'dversion of the output into the collision buffer draw_playfield(output_cursor, horizontal_counter_); // accumulate collision flags while(output_cursor < horizontal_counter_) { uint8_t buffer_value = collision_buffer_[output_cursor - first_pixel_cycle]; collision_flags_ |= collision_flags_by_buffer_vaules_[buffer_value]; output_cursor++; } if(horizontal_counter_ == cycles_per_line) { output_pixels(pixels_start_location_, cycles_per_line); } } horizontal_counter_ %= cycles_per_line; } void TIA::output_pixels(int start, int end) { // seek a buffer and convert to pixels uint8_t *pixel_target = crt_->allocate_write_area((unsigned int)(end - start)); if(pixel_target) { if(playfield_priority_ == PlayfieldPriority::Score) { while(start < end && start < first_pixel_cycle + 80) { uint8_t buffer_value = collision_buffer_[start - first_pixel_cycle]; *pixel_target = colour_palette_[colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[(int)ColourMode::ScoreLeft][buffer_value]]; start++; pixel_target++; } while(start < end) { uint8_t buffer_value = collision_buffer_[start - first_pixel_cycle]; *pixel_target = colour_palette_[colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[(int)ColourMode::ScoreRight][buffer_value]]; start++; pixel_target++; } } else { int table_index = (int)((playfield_priority_ == PlayfieldPriority::Standard) ? ColourMode::Standard : ColourMode::OnTop); while(start < end) { uint8_t buffer_value = collision_buffer_[start - first_pixel_cycle]; *pixel_target = colour_palette_[colour_mask_by_mode_collision_flags_[table_index][buffer_value]]; start++; pixel_target++; } } } crt_->output_data((unsigned int)((end - start) * 2), 2); pixels_start_location_ = 0; } void TIA::output_line() { switch(output_mode_) { default: // TODO: optimise special case output_for_cycles(cycles_per_line); break; case sync_flag: case sync_flag | blank_flag: crt_->output_sync(32); crt_->output_blank(32); crt_->output_sync(392); break; case blank_flag: crt_->output_blank(32); crt_->output_sync(32); crt_->output_default_colour_burst(32); crt_->output_blank(360); break; } } #pragma mark - Background and playfield void TIA::draw_playfield(int start, int end) { int position = start; while(position < end) { int offset = (position - first_pixel_cycle) >> 2; collision_buffer_[position - first_pixel_cycle] = (background_[(offset/20)&background_half_mask_] >> (offset%20))&1; position++; } }