// // Archimedes.cpp // Clock Signal // // Created by Thomas Harte on 04/03/2024. // Copyright © 2024 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved. // #include "Archimedes.hpp" #include "HalfDuplexSerial.hpp" #include "InputOutputController.hpp" #include "Keyboard.hpp" #include "KeyboardMapper.hpp" #include "MemoryController.hpp" #include "Sound.hpp" #include "../../AudioProducer.hpp" #include "../../KeyboardMachine.hpp" #include "../../MediaTarget.hpp" #include "../../MouseMachine.hpp" #include "../../ScanProducer.hpp" #include "../../TimedMachine.hpp" #include "../../../Activity/Source.hpp" #include "../../../InstructionSets/ARM/Disassembler.hpp" #include "../../../InstructionSets/ARM/Executor.hpp" #include "../../../Outputs/Log.hpp" #include "../../../Components/I2C/I2C.hpp" #include "../../../Analyser/Static/Acorn/Target.hpp" #include #include #include #include namespace Archimedes { class ConcreteMachine: public Machine, public MachineTypes::AudioProducer, public MachineTypes::MappedKeyboardMachine, public MachineTypes::MediaTarget, public MachineTypes::MouseMachine, public MachineTypes::TimedMachine, public MachineTypes::ScanProducer, public Activity::Source { private: Log::Logger logger; // This fictitious clock rate just means '24 MIPS, please'; it's divided elsewhere. static constexpr int ClockRate = 24'000'000; // Runs for 24 cycles, distributing calls to the various ticking subsystems // 'correctly' (i.e. correctly for the approximation in use). // // The implementation of this is coupled to the ClockRate above, hence its // appearance here. template void macro_tick() { macro_counter_ -= 24; // This is a 24-cycle window, so at 24Mhz macro_tick() is called at 1Mhz. // Hence, required ticks are: // // * CPU: 24; // * video: 24 / video_divider; // * floppy: 8; // * timers: 2; // * sound: 1. tick_cpu_video<0, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_cpu_video<1, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_cpu_video<2, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_floppy(); tick_cpu_video<3, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_cpu_video<4, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_cpu_video<5, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_floppy(); tick_cpu_video<6, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_cpu_video<7, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_cpu_video<8, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_floppy(); tick_cpu_video<9, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_cpu_video<10, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_cpu_video<11, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_floppy(); tick_timers(); tick_cpu_video<12, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_cpu_video<13, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_cpu_video<14, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_floppy(); tick_cpu_video<15, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_cpu_video<16, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_cpu_video<17, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_floppy(); tick_cpu_video<18, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_cpu_video<19, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_cpu_video<20, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_floppy(); tick_cpu_video<21, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_cpu_video<22, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_cpu_video<23, video_divider, original_speed>(); tick_floppy(); tick_timers(); tick_sound(); } int macro_counter_ = 0; template void tick_cpu_video() { if constexpr (!(offset % video_divider)) { tick_video(); } // Debug mode: run CPU a lot slower. Actually at close to original advertised MIPS speed. if constexpr (original_speed && (offset & 7)) return; if constexpr (offset & 1) return; tick_cpu(); } public: ConcreteMachine( const Analyser::Static::Acorn::ArchimedesTarget &target, const ROMMachine::ROMFetcher &rom_fetcher ) : executor_(*this, *this, *this) { set_clock_rate(ClockRate); constexpr ROM::Name risc_os = ROM::Name::AcornRISCOS311; ROM::Request request(risc_os); auto roms = rom_fetcher(request); if(!request.validate(roms)) { throw ROMMachine::Error::MissingROMs; } executor_.bus.set_rom(roms.find(risc_os)->second); insert_media(target.media); if(!target.media.disks.empty()) { autoload_phase_ = AutoloadPhase::WaitingForStartup; target_program_ = target.main_program; printf("Will seek %s?\n", target_program_.c_str()); } fill_pipeline(0); } void update_interrupts() { using Exception = InstructionSet::ARM::Registers::Exception; const int requests = executor_.bus.interrupt_mask(); if((requests & InterruptRequests::FIQ) && executor_.registers().would_interrupt()) { pipeline_.reschedule(Pipeline::SWISubversion::FIQ); return; } if((requests & InterruptRequests::IRQ) && executor_.registers().would_interrupt()) { pipeline_.reschedule(Pipeline::SWISubversion::IRQ); } } void did_set_status() { // This might have been a change of mode, so... trans_ = executor_.registers().mode() == InstructionSet::ARM::Mode::User; fill_pipeline(executor_.pc()); update_interrupts(); } void did_set_pc() { fill_pipeline(executor_.pc()); } bool should_swi(uint32_t comment) { using Exception = InstructionSet::ARM::Registers::Exception; using SWISubversion = Pipeline::SWISubversion; switch(pipeline_.swi_subversion()) { case Pipeline::SWISubversion::None: { // TODO: 400C1 to intercept create window 400C1 and positioning; then // plot icon 400e2 to listen for icons in window. That'll give a click area. // Probably also 400c2 which seems to be used to add icons to the icon bar. // // 400D4 for menus? const auto get_string = [&](uint32_t address, bool indirect) -> std::string { std::string desc; if(indirect) { executor_.bus.read(address, address, false); } while(true) { uint8_t next; executor_.bus.read(address, next, false); if(next < 0x20) break; desc.push_back(static_cast(next) & 0x7f); ++address; } return desc; }; const uint32_t swi_code = comment & static_cast(~(1 << 17)); switch(swi_code) { // To consider: catching VDU 22, though that means parsing the output stream // via OS_WriteC, SWI &00, sufficiently to be able to spot VDUs. case 0x400e3: // Wimp_SetMode case 0x65: // OS_ScreenMode case 0x3f: // OS_CheckModeValid if(autoload_phase_ == AutoloadPhase::OpeningProgram) { autoload_phase_ = AutoloadPhase::Ended; } break; case 0x400d4: { if(autoload_phase_ == AutoloadPhase::TestingMenu) { autoload_phase_ = AutoloadPhase::Ended; uint32_t address = executor_.registers()[1] + 28; bool should_left_click = true; while(true) { uint32_t icon_flags; uint32_t item_flags; executor_.bus.read(address, item_flags, false); executor_.bus.read(address + 8, icon_flags, false); auto desc = get_string(address + 12, icon_flags & (1 << 8)); should_left_click &= (desc == "Info") || (desc == "Quit"); address += 24; if(item_flags & (1 << 7)) break; } if(should_left_click) { // Exit the application menu, then click once further to launch. CursorActionBuilder(cursor_actions_) .move_to(IconBarProgramX - 128, IconBarY - 32) .click(0) .move_to(IconBarProgramX, IconBarY) .click(0); } } } break; // Wimp_OpenWindow. case 0x400c5: { const uint32_t address = executor_.registers()[1]; uint32_t x1, y1, x2, y2; executor_.bus.read(address + 4, x1, false); executor_.bus.read(address + 8, y1, false); executor_.bus.read(address + 12, x2, false); executor_.bus.read(address + 16, y2, false); switch(autoload_phase_) { default: break; case AutoloadPhase::WaitingForDiskContents: { autoload_phase_ = AutoloadPhase::WaitingForTargetIcon; // Crib top left of window content. target_window_[0] = static_cast(x1); target_window_[1] = static_cast(y2); } break; case AutoloadPhase::WaitingForStartup: printf("%d %d %d %d\n", x1, y1, x2, y2); if(static_cast(y1) == -268435472) { // VERY TEMPORARY. TODO: find better trigger. // Creation of any icon is used to spot that RISC OS has started up. // // Wait a further second, mouse down to (32, 240), left click. // That'll trigger disk access. Then move up to the top left, // in anticipation of the appearance of a window. CursorActionBuilder(cursor_actions_) // .wait(5 * 24'000'000) .move_to(IconBarDriveX, IconBarY) .click(0) .set_phase( target_program_.empty() ? AutoloadPhase::Ended : AutoloadPhase::WaitingForDiskContents ) .move_to(IconBarDriveX, 36); // Just a guess of 'close' to where the program to launch // will probably be, to have the cursor already nearby. autoload_phase_ = AutoloadPhase::OpeningDisk; } break; // printf("Wimp_OpenWindow: %d, %d -> %d, %d\n", x1, y1, x2, y2); } } break; // Wimp_CreateIcon, which also adds to the icon bar. case 0x400c2: switch(autoload_phase_) { // case AutoloadPhase::WaitingForStartup: // // Creation of any icon is used to spot that RISC OS has started up. // // // // Wait a further second, mouse down to (32, 240), left click. // // That'll trigger disk access. Then move up to the top left, // // in anticipation of the appearance of a window. // CursorActionBuilder(cursor_actions_) // .wait(24'000'000) // .move_to(IconBarDriveX, IconBarY) // .click(0) // .set_phase( // target_program_.empty() ? AutoloadPhase::Ended : AutoloadPhase::WaitingForDiskContents // ) // .move_to(IconBarDriveX, 36); // Just a guess of 'close' to where the program to launch // // will probably be, to have the cursor already nearby. // // autoload_phase_ = AutoloadPhase::OpeningDisk; // break; case AutoloadPhase::OpeningProgram: { const uint32_t address = executor_.registers()[1]; uint32_t handle; executor_.bus.read(address, handle, false); // Test whether the program has added an icon on the right. if(static_cast(handle) == -1) { CursorActionBuilder(cursor_actions_) .move_to(IconBarProgramX, IconBarY) .click(1); autoload_phase_ = AutoloadPhase::TestingMenu; } } break; default: break; } break; // Wimp_PlotIcon. case 0x400e2: { if(autoload_phase_ == AutoloadPhase::WaitingForTargetIcon) { const uint32_t address = executor_.registers()[1]; uint32_t flags; executor_.bus.read(address + 16, flags, false); std::string desc; if(flags & 1) { desc = get_string(address + 20, flags & (1 << 8)); } if(desc == target_program_) { uint32_t x1, y1, x2, y2; executor_.bus.read(address + 0, x1, false); executor_.bus.read(address + 4, y1, false); executor_.bus.read(address + 8, x2, false); executor_.bus.read(address + 12, y2, false); autoload_phase_ = AutoloadPhase::OpeningProgram; // Some default icon sizing assumptions are baked in here. const auto x_target = target_window_[0] + (static_cast(x1) + static_cast(x2)) / 2; const auto y_target = target_window_[1] + static_cast(y1) + 24; CursorActionBuilder(cursor_actions_) .move_to(x_target >> 1, 256 - (y_target >> 2)) .double_click(0); } } } break; } } return true; case SWISubversion::DataAbort: // executor_.set_pc(executor_.pc() - 4); executor_.registers().exception(); break; // FIQ and IRQ decrement the PC because their apperance in the pipeline causes // it to look as though they were fetched, but they weren't. case SWISubversion::FIQ: executor_.set_pc(executor_.pc() - 4); executor_.registers().exception(); break; case SWISubversion::IRQ: executor_.set_pc(executor_.pc() - 4); executor_.registers().exception(); break; } did_set_pc(); return false; } void update_clock_rates() { video_divider_ = executor_.bus.video().clock_divider(); } private: // MARK: - ScanProducer. void set_scan_target(Outputs::Display::ScanTarget *scan_target) override { executor_.bus.video().crt().set_scan_target(scan_target); } Outputs::Display::ScanStatus get_scaled_scan_status() const override { return executor_.bus.video().crt().get_scaled_scan_status() * video_divider_; } // MARK: - TimedMachine. int video_divider_ = 1; void run_for(Cycles cycles) override { #ifndef NDEBUG // Debug mode: always run 'slowly' because that's less of a burden, and // because it allows me to peer at problems with greater leisure. const bool use_original_speed = true; #else // As a first, blunt implementation: try to model something close // to original speed if there have been 10 frame rate overages in total. const bool use_original_speed = executor_.bus.video().frame_rate_overages() > 10; #endif const auto run = [&](Cycles cycles) { if(use_original_speed) run_for(cycles); else run_for(cycles); }; // // Short-circuit: no cursor actions means **just run**. // if(cursor_actions_.empty()) { run(cycles); return; } // // Mouse scripting; tick at a minimum of frame length. // static constexpr int TickFrequency = 24'000'000 / 50; cursor_action_subcycle_ += cycles; auto segments = cursor_action_subcycle_.divide(Cycles(TickFrequency)).as(); while(segments--) { Cycles next = Cycles(TickFrequency); if(next > cycles) next = cycles; cycles -= next; if(!cursor_actions_.empty()) { const auto move_to_next = [&]() { cursor_action_waited_ = 0; cursor_actions_.erase(cursor_actions_.begin()); }; const auto &action = cursor_actions_.front(); switch(action.type) { case CursorAction::Type::MoveTo: { // A measure of where within the tip lies within // the default RISC OS cursor. constexpr int ActionPointOffset = 20; constexpr int MaxStep = 24; const auto position = executor_.bus.video().cursor_location(); if(!position) break; const auto [x, y] = *position; auto x_diff = action.value.move_to.x - (x + ActionPointOffset); auto y_diff = action.value.move_to.y - y; if(abs(x_diff) < 2 && abs(y_diff) < 2) { move_to_next(); break; } if(abs(y_diff) > MaxStep || abs(x_diff) > MaxStep) { if(abs(y_diff) > abs(x_diff)) { x_diff = (x_diff * MaxStep + (abs(y_diff) >> 1)) / abs(y_diff); y_diff = std::clamp(y_diff, -MaxStep, MaxStep); } else { y_diff = (y_diff * MaxStep + (abs(x_diff) >> 1)) / abs(x_diff); x_diff = std::clamp(x_diff, -MaxStep, MaxStep); } } get_mouse().move(x_diff, y_diff); } break; case CursorAction::Type::Wait: cursor_action_waited_ += next.as(); if(cursor_action_waited_ >= action.value.wait.duration) { move_to_next(); } break; case CursorAction::Type::Button: get_mouse().set_button_pressed(action.value.button.button, action.value.button.down); move_to_next(); break; case CursorAction::Type::SetPhase: autoload_phase_ = action.value.set_phase.phase; move_to_next(); break; } } // // Execution proper. // run(next); } } template void run_for(Cycles cycles) { macro_counter_ += cycles.as(); while(macro_counter_ > 0) { switch(video_divider_) { default: macro_tick<2, original_speed>(); break; case 3: macro_tick<3, original_speed>(); break; case 4: macro_tick<4, original_speed>(); break; case 6: macro_tick<6, original_speed>(); break; } } } void tick_cpu() { const uint32_t instruction = advance_pipeline(executor_.pc() + 8); InstructionSet::ARM::execute(instruction, executor_); } void tick_timers() { executor_.bus.tick_timers(); } void tick_sound() { executor_.bus.sound().tick(); } void tick_video() { executor_.bus.video().tick(); } void tick_floppy() { executor_.bus.tick_floppy(); } // MARK: - MediaTarget bool insert_media(const Analyser::Static::Media &media) override { size_t c = 0; for(auto &disk : media.disks) { executor_.bus.set_disk(disk, c); c++; if(c == 4) break; } return true; } // MARK: - AudioProducer Outputs::Speaker::Speaker *get_speaker() override { return executor_.bus.speaker(); } // MARK: - Activity::Source. void set_activity_observer(Activity::Observer *observer) final { executor_.bus.set_activity_observer(observer); } // MARK: - MappedKeyboardMachine. MappedKeyboardMachine::KeyboardMapper *get_keyboard_mapper() override { return &keyboard_mapper_; } Archimedes::KeyboardMapper keyboard_mapper_; void set_key_state(uint16_t key, bool is_pressed) override { executor_.bus.keyboard().set_key_state(key, is_pressed); } // MARK: - MouseMachine. Inputs::Mouse &get_mouse() override { return executor_.bus.keyboard().mouse(); } // MARK: - ARM execution. static constexpr auto arm_model = InstructionSet::ARM::Model::ARMv2; using Executor = InstructionSet::ARM::Executor, ConcreteMachine>; Executor executor_; bool trans_ = false; void fill_pipeline(uint32_t pc) { if(pipeline_.interrupt_next()) return; advance_pipeline(pc); advance_pipeline(pc + 4); } uint32_t advance_pipeline(uint32_t pc) { uint32_t instruction = 0; // Value should never be used; this avoids a spurious GCC warning. const bool did_read = executor_.bus.read(pc, instruction, trans_); return pipeline_.exchange( did_read ? instruction : Pipeline::SWI, did_read ? Pipeline::SWISubversion::None : Pipeline::SWISubversion::DataAbort); } struct Pipeline { enum SWISubversion: uint8_t { None, DataAbort, IRQ, FIQ, }; static constexpr uint32_t SWI = 0xef'000000; uint32_t exchange(uint32_t next, SWISubversion subversion) { const uint32_t result = upcoming_[active_].opcode; latched_subversion_ = upcoming_[active_].subversion; upcoming_[active_].opcode = next; upcoming_[active_].subversion = subversion; active_ ^= 1; return result; } SWISubversion swi_subversion() const { return latched_subversion_; } // TODO: one day, possibly: schedule the subversion one slot further into the future // (i.e. active_ ^ 1) to allow one further instruction to occur as usual before the // action paplies. That is, if interrupts take effect one instruction later after a flags // change, which I don't yet know. // // In practice I got into a bit of a race condition between interrupt scheduling and // flags changes, so have backed off for now. void reschedule(SWISubversion subversion) { upcoming_[active_].opcode = SWI; upcoming_[active_].subversion = subversion; } bool interrupt_next() const { return upcoming_[active_].subversion == SWISubversion::IRQ || upcoming_[active_].subversion == SWISubversion::FIQ; } private: struct Stage { uint32_t opcode; SWISubversion subversion = SWISubversion::None; }; Stage upcoming_[2]; int active_ = 0; SWISubversion latched_subversion_; } pipeline_; // MARK: - Autoload, including cursor scripting. enum class AutoloadPhase { WaitingForStartup, OpeningDisk, WaitingForDiskContents, WaitingForTargetIcon, OpeningProgram, TestingMenu, Ended, }; AutoloadPhase autoload_phase_ = AutoloadPhase::Ended; std::string target_program_; struct CursorAction { enum class Type { MoveTo, Button, Wait, SetPhase, } type; union { struct { int x, y; } move_to; struct { int duration; } wait; struct { int button; bool down; } button; struct { AutoloadPhase phase; } set_phase; } value; static CursorAction move_to(int x, int y) { CursorAction action; action.type = Type::MoveTo; action.value.move_to.x = x; action.value.move_to.y = y; return action; } static CursorAction wait(int duration) { CursorAction action; action.type = Type::Wait; action.value.wait.duration = duration; return action; } static CursorAction button(int button, bool down) { CursorAction action; action.type = Type::Button; action.value.button.button = button; action.value.button.down = down; return action; } static CursorAction set_phase(AutoloadPhase phase) { CursorAction action; action.type = Type::SetPhase; action.value.set_phase.phase = phase; return action; } }; std::vector cursor_actions_; struct CursorActionBuilder { CursorActionBuilder(std::vector &actions) : actions_(actions) {} CursorActionBuilder &wait(int duration) { actions_.push_back(CursorAction::wait(duration)); return *this; } CursorActionBuilder &move_to(int x, int y) { // Special case: if this sets a move_to when one is in progress, // just update the target. if(!actions_.empty() && actions_.back().type == CursorAction::Type::MoveTo) { actions_.back().value.move_to.x = x; actions_.back().value.move_to.y = y; return *this; } actions_.push_back(CursorAction::move_to(x, y)); return *this; } CursorActionBuilder &click(int button) { actions_.push_back(CursorAction::button(button, true)); actions_.push_back(CursorAction::wait(6'000'000)); actions_.push_back(CursorAction::button(button, false)); return *this; } CursorActionBuilder &double_click(int button) { actions_.push_back(CursorAction::button(button, true)); actions_.push_back(CursorAction::wait(6'000'000)); actions_.push_back(CursorAction::button(button, false)); actions_.push_back(CursorAction::wait(6'000'000)); actions_.push_back(CursorAction::button(button, true)); actions_.push_back(CursorAction::wait(6'000'000)); actions_.push_back(CursorAction::button(button, false)); return *this; } CursorActionBuilder &set_phase(AutoloadPhase phase) { actions_.push_back(CursorAction::set_phase(phase)); return *this; } std::vector &actions_; }; static constexpr int IconBarY = 240; static constexpr int IconBarProgramX = 532; static constexpr int IconBarDriveX = 32; std::vector &begin(); Cycles cursor_action_subcycle_; int cursor_action_waited_; int32_t target_window_[2]; }; } using namespace Archimedes; std::unique_ptr Machine::Archimedes( const Analyser::Static::Target *target, const ROMMachine::ROMFetcher &rom_fetcher ) { const auto archimedes_target = dynamic_cast(target); return std::make_unique(*archimedes_target, rom_fetcher); }