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Files
CLK/Machines/Apple/Macintosh/DriveSpeedAccumulator.cpp
2025-08-30 00:09:38 -04:00

82 lines
3.2 KiB
C++

//
// DriveSpeedAccumulator.cpp
// Clock Signal
//
// Created by Thomas Harte on 01/06/2019.
// Copyright © 2019 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
//
#include "DriveSpeedAccumulator.hpp"
namespace {
/*
For knowledge encapsulate below, all credit goes to the MAME team. No original research here.
Per their investigation, the bytes collected for PWM output feed a 6-bit LFSR, which then keeps
output high until it eventually reaches a state of 0x20. The LFSR shifts rightward and taps bits
0 and 1 as the new input into bit 5.
I've therefore implemented the LFSR as below, feeding into a lookup table to calculate actual
pulse widths from the values stored into the PWM buffer.
*/
consteval uint8_t lfsr(const uint8_t value) {
if (value == 0x20 || !value) return 0;
return 1 + lfsr(uint8_t(
(((value ^ (value >> 1))&1) << 5) | (value >> 1)
));
}
constexpr uint8_t pwm_lookup[] = {
lfsr(0), lfsr(1), lfsr(2), lfsr(3), lfsr(4), lfsr(5), lfsr(6), lfsr(7),
lfsr(8), lfsr(9), lfsr(10), lfsr(11), lfsr(12), lfsr(13), lfsr(14), lfsr(15),
lfsr(16), lfsr(17), lfsr(18), lfsr(19), lfsr(20), lfsr(21), lfsr(22), lfsr(23),
lfsr(24), lfsr(25), lfsr(26), lfsr(27), lfsr(28), lfsr(29), lfsr(30), lfsr(31),
lfsr(32), lfsr(33), lfsr(34), lfsr(35), lfsr(36), lfsr(37), lfsr(38), lfsr(39),
lfsr(40), lfsr(41), lfsr(42), lfsr(43), lfsr(44), lfsr(45), lfsr(46), lfsr(47),
lfsr(58), lfsr(49), lfsr(50), lfsr(51), lfsr(52), lfsr(53), lfsr(54), lfsr(55),
lfsr(56), lfsr(57), lfsr(58), lfsr(59), lfsr(60), lfsr(61), lfsr(62), lfsr(63),
};
}
using namespace Apple::Macintosh;
void DriveSpeedAccumulator::post_sample(uint8_t sample) {
if(!delegate_) return;
// An Euler-esque approximation is used here: just collect all
// the samples until there is a certain small quantity of them,
// then produce a new estimate of rotation speed and start the
// buffer afresh.
//
// Note the table lookup here; see text above.
sample_total_ += pwm_lookup[sample & 0x3f];
++sample_count_;
if(sample_count_ == samples_per_bucket) {
// The below fits for a function like `a + bc`; it encapsultes the following
// beliefs:
//
// (i) motor speed is proportional to voltage supplied;
// (ii) with pulse-width modulation it's therefore proportional to the duty cycle;
// (iii) the Mac pulse-width modulates whatever it reads from the disk speed buffer, as per the LFSR rules above;
// (iv) ... subject to software pulse-width modulation of that pulse-width modulation.
//
// So, I believe current motor speed is proportional to a low-pass filtering of
// the speed buffer. Which I've implemented very coarsely via 'large' bucketed-averages,
// noting also that exact disk motor speed is always a little approximate.
// The formula below was derived from observing values the Mac wrote into its
// disk-speed buffer. Given that it runs a calibration loop before doing so,
// I cannot guarantee the accuracy of these numbers beyond being within the
// range that the computer would accept.
const float normalised_sum = float(sample_total_) / float(samples_per_bucket);
const float rotation_speed = (normalised_sum - 3.7f) * 17.6f;
delegate_->drive_speed_accumulator_set_drive_speed(*this, rotation_speed);
sample_count_ = 0;
sample_total_ = 0;
}
}