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169 lines
5.6 KiB
C++
169 lines
5.6 KiB
C++
//
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// ClockConverter.hpp
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// Clock Signal
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//
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// Created by Thomas Harte on 01/01/2023.
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// Copyright © 2023 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
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//
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#ifndef ClockConverter_hpp
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#define ClockConverter_hpp
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#include "../9918.hpp"
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#include "PersonalityTraits.hpp"
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#include "LineLayout.hpp"
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namespace TI::TMS {
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enum class Clock {
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/// Whatever rate this VDP runs at, with location 0 being "the start" of the line per internal preference.
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Internal,
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/// A 342-cycle/line clock with the same start position as ::Internal.
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TMSPixel,
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/// A 171-cycle/line clock that begins at the memory window which starts straight after ::Internal = 0.
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TMSMemoryWindow,
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/// A fixed 1368-cycle/line clock that is used to count output to the CRT.
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CRT,
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/// Provides the same clock rate as ::Internal but is relocated so that 0 is the start of horizontal sync — very not coincidentally,
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/// where Grauw puts 0 on his detailed TMS and Yamaha timing diagrams.
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FromStartOfSync,
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};
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template <Personality personality, Clock clk> constexpr int clock_rate() {
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static_assert(
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is_classic_vdp(personality) ||
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is_yamaha_vdp(personality) ||
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(personality == Personality::MDVDP)
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);
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switch(clk) {
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case Clock::TMSPixel: return 342;
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case Clock::TMSMemoryWindow: return 171;
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case Clock::CRT: return 1368;
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case Clock::Internal:
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case Clock::FromStartOfSync:
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if constexpr (is_classic_vdp(personality)) {
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return 342;
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} else if constexpr (is_yamaha_vdp(personality)) {
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return 1368;
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} else if constexpr (personality == Personality::MDVDP) {
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return 3420;
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}
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}
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}
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/// Statelessly converts @c length to the internal clock for @c personality; applies conversions per the list of clocks in left-to-right order.
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template <Personality personality, Clock head, Clock... tail> constexpr int to_internal(int length) {
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if constexpr (head == Clock::FromStartOfSync) {
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length = (length + LineLayout<personality>::StartOfSync) % LineLayout<personality>::CyclesPerLine;
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} else {
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length = length * clock_rate<personality, Clock::Internal>() / clock_rate<personality, head>();
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}
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if constexpr (!sizeof...(tail)) {
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return length;
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} else {
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return to_internal<personality, tail...>(length);
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}
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}
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/// Statelessly converts @c length to @c clock from the the internal clock used by VDPs of @c personality throwing away any remainder.
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template <Personality personality, Clock head, Clock... tail> constexpr int from_internal(int length) {
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if constexpr (head == Clock::FromStartOfSync) {
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length =
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(length + LineLayout<personality>::CyclesPerLine - LineLayout<personality>::StartOfSync)
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% LineLayout<personality>::CyclesPerLine;
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} else {
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length = length * clock_rate<personality, head>() / clock_rate<personality, Clock::Internal>();
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}
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if constexpr (!sizeof...(tail)) {
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return length;
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} else {
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return to_internal<personality, tail...>(length);
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}
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}
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/*!
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Provides a [potentially-]stateful conversion between the external and internal clocks.
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Unlike the other clock conversions, this may be non-integral, requiring that
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an error term be tracked.
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*/
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template <Personality personality> class ClockConverter {
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public:
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/*!
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Given that another @c source external **half-cycles** has occurred,
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indicates how many complete internal **cycles** have additionally elapsed
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since the last call to @c to_internal.
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E.g. for the TMS, @c source will count 456 ticks per line, and the internal clock
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runs at 342 ticks per line, so the proper conversion is to multiply by 3/4.
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*/
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int to_internal(int source) {
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switch(personality) {
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// Default behaviour is to apply a multiplication by 3/4;
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// this is correct for the TMS and Sega VDPs other than the Mega Drive.
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default: {
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const int result = source * 3 + cycles_error_;
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cycles_error_ = result & 3;
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return result >> 2;
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}
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// The two Yamaha chips have an internal clock that is four times
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// as fast as the TMS, therefore a stateless translation is possible.
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case Personality::V9938:
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case Personality::V9958:
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return source * 3;
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// The Mega Drive runs at 3420 master clocks per line, which is then
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// divided by 4 or 5 depending on other state. That's 7 times the
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// rate provided to the CPU; given that the input is in half-cycles
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// the proper multiplier is therefore 3.5.
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case Personality::MDVDP: {
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const int result = source * 7 + cycles_error_;
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cycles_error_ = result & 1;
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return result >> 1;
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}
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}
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}
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/*!
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Provides the number of external cycles that need to begin from now in order to
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get at least @c internal_cycles into the future.
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*/
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HalfCycles half_cycles_before_internal_cycles(int internal_cycles) const {
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// Logic here correlates with multipliers as per @c to_internal.
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switch(personality) {
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default:
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// Relative to the external clock multiplied by 3, it will definitely take this
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// many cycles to complete a further (internal_cycles - 1) after the current one.
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internal_cycles = (internal_cycles - 1) << 2;
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// It will also be necessary to complete the current one.
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internal_cycles += 4 - cycles_error_;
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// Round up to get the first external cycle after
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// the number of internal_cycles has elapsed.
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return HalfCycles((internal_cycles + 2) / 3);
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case Personality::V9938:
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case Personality::V9958:
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return HalfCycles((internal_cycles + 2) / 3);
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case Personality::MDVDP:
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internal_cycles = (internal_cycles - 1) << 1;
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internal_cycles += 2 - cycles_error_;
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return HalfCycles((internal_cycles + 6) / 7);
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}
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}
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private:
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// Holds current residue in conversion from the external to
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// internal clock.
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int cycles_error_ = 0;
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};
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}
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#endif /* ClockConverter_hpp */
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