CLK/Machines/Acorn/Archimedes/Archimedes.cpp

//
//  Archimedes.cpp
//  Clock Signal
//
//  Created by Thomas Harte on 04/03/2024.
//  Copyright © 2024 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
//

#include "Archimedes.hpp"

#include "HalfDuplexSerial.hpp"
#include "InputOutputController.hpp"
#include "Keyboard.hpp"
#include "KeyboardMapper.hpp"
#include "MemoryController.hpp"
#include "Sound.hpp"

#include "../../AudioProducer.hpp"
#include "../../KeyboardMachine.hpp"
#include "../../MediaTarget.hpp"
#include "../../ScanProducer.hpp"
#include "../../TimedMachine.hpp"

#include "../../../Activity/Source.hpp"

#include "../../../InstructionSets/ARM/Disassembler.hpp"
#include "../../../InstructionSets/ARM/Executor.hpp"
#include "../../../Outputs/Log.hpp"
#include "../../../Components/I2C/I2C.hpp"

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <set>
#include <vector>

namespace {

Log::Logger<Log::Source::Archimedes> logger;

}

namespace Archimedes {

class ConcreteMachine:
	public Machine,
	public MachineTypes::MappedKeyboardMachine,
	public MachineTypes::MediaTarget,
	public MachineTypes::TimedMachine,
	public MachineTypes::ScanProducer,
	public Activity::Source
{
	private:
		// TODO: pick a sensible clock rate; this is just code for '24 MIPS, please'.
		static constexpr int ClockRate = 24'000'000;

		// Runs for 24 cycles, distributing calls to the various ticking subsystems
		// 'correctly' (i.e. correctly for the approximation in use).
		//
		// The implementation of this is coupled to the ClockRate above, hence its
		// appearance here.
		template <int video_divider>
		void macro_tick() {
			macro_counter_ -= 24;

			// This is a 24-cycle window, so at 24Mhz macro_tick() is called at 1Mhz.
			// Hence, required ticks are:
			//
			// 	* CPU: 24;
			//	* video: 24 / video_divider;
			//	* timers: 2;
			//	* sound: 1.

			tick_cpu_video<0, video_divider>();		tick_cpu_video<1, video_divider>();
			tick_cpu_video<2, video_divider>();		tick_cpu_video<3, video_divider>();
			tick_cpu_video<4, video_divider>();		tick_cpu_video<5, video_divider>();
			tick_cpu_video<6, video_divider>();		tick_cpu_video<7, video_divider>();
			tick_cpu_video<8, video_divider>();		tick_cpu_video<9, video_divider>();
			tick_cpu_video<10, video_divider>();	tick_cpu_video<11, video_divider>();
			tick_timers();

			tick_cpu_video<12, video_divider>();	tick_cpu_video<13, video_divider>();
			tick_cpu_video<14, video_divider>();	tick_cpu_video<15, video_divider>();
			tick_cpu_video<16, video_divider>();	tick_cpu_video<17, video_divider>();
			tick_cpu_video<18, video_divider>();	tick_cpu_video<19, video_divider>();
			tick_cpu_video<20, video_divider>();	tick_cpu_video<21, video_divider>();
			tick_timers();
			tick_sound();
		}
		int macro_counter_ = 0;

		template <int offset, int video_divider>
		void tick_cpu_video() {
			if constexpr (!(offset % video_divider)) {
				tick_video();
			}

#ifndef NDEBUG
			// Debug mode: run CPU a lot slower. Actually at close to original advertised MIPS speed.
			if constexpr (offset & 7) return;
#endif
			tick_cpu();
		}

	public:
		ConcreteMachine(
			const Analyser::Static::Target &target,
			const ROMMachine::ROMFetcher &rom_fetcher
		) : executor_(*this, *this) {
			set_clock_rate(ClockRate);

			constexpr ROM::Name risc_os = ROM::Name::AcornRISCOS319;
			ROM::Request request(risc_os);
			auto roms = rom_fetcher(request);
			if(!request.validate(roms)) {
				throw ROMMachine::Error::MissingROMs;
			}

			executor_.bus.set_rom(roms.find(risc_os)->second);
			insert_media(target.media);
		}

		void update_interrupts() {
			using Exception = InstructionSet::ARM::Registers::Exception;

			const int requests = executor_.bus.interrupt_mask();
			if((requests & InterruptRequests::FIQ) && executor_.registers().interrupt<Exception::FIQ>()) {
				return;
			}
			if(requests & InterruptRequests::IRQ) {
//				logger.info().append("[%d] IRQ at %08x prior:[r13:%08x r14:%08x]",
//					instr_count,
//					executor_.pc(),
//					executor_.registers()[13],
//					executor_.registers()[14]);

				executor_.registers().interrupt<Exception::IRQ>();
			}
		}

		void update_clock_rates() {
			video_divider_ = executor_.bus.video().clock_divider();
		}

	private:
		// MARK: - ScanProducer.
		void set_scan_target(Outputs::Display::ScanTarget *scan_target) override {
			executor_.bus.video().crt().set_scan_target(scan_target);
		}
		Outputs::Display::ScanStatus get_scaled_scan_status() const override {
			return executor_.bus.video().crt().get_scaled_scan_status();
		}

		std::array<uint32_t, 75> pc_history;
		std::size_t pc_history_ptr = 0;
		uint32_t instr_count = 0;

		// MARK: - TimedMachine.
		void run_for(Cycles cycles) override {
			macro_counter_ += cycles.as<int>();

			while(macro_counter_ > 0) {
				switch(video_divider_) {
					default:	macro_tick<2>();	break;
					case 3:		macro_tick<3>();	break;
					case 4:		macro_tick<4>();	break;
					case 6:		macro_tick<6>();	break;
				}

			}
		}
		int video_divider_ = 1;

		std::set<uint32_t> opcodes;
		void tick_cpu() {
			struct SWICall {
				uint32_t opcode;
				uint32_t address;
				uint32_t regs[10];
				uint32_t return_address;
				std::string value_name;
				std::string swi_name;
			};
			static std::vector<SWICall> swis;
			static uint32_t last_pc = 0;
//			static uint32_t last_r9 = 0;
			static bool log = false;
			static bool accumulate = true;

//			if(executor_.pc() == 0x03801ed8 || (executor_.registers()[9] == 0x00ff'0000 && executor_.registers()[9] != last_r9)) {
//				printf("At %08x; after last PC %08x and %zu ago was %08x; r9 is %08x [%d]\n",
//					executor_.pc(),
//					pc_history[(pc_history_ptr - 2 + pc_history.size()) % pc_history.size()],
//					pc_history.size(),
//					pc_history[pc_history_ptr],
//					executor_.registers()[9],
//					executor_.registers()[9] != last_r9);
//			}
//			last_r9 = executor_.registers()[9];

			uint32_t instruction;
			pc_history[pc_history_ptr] = executor_.pc();
			pc_history_ptr = (pc_history_ptr + 1) % pc_history.size();
			if(!executor_.bus.read(executor_.pc(), instruction, executor_.registers().mode(), false)) {
				logger.info().append("Prefetch abort at %08x; last good was at %08x", executor_.pc(), last_pc);
				executor_.prefetch_abort();

				// TODO: does a double abort cause a reset?
				executor_.bus.read(executor_.pc(), instruction, executor_.registers().mode(), false);
			} else {
				last_pc = executor_.pc();
			}
			// TODO: pipeline prefetch?

//			log |= executor_.pc() == 0x03801ebc;
//			log |= instr_count == 72766815;
//			log &= executor_.pc() != 0x000000a0;

//			log = (executor_.pc() == 0x038162afc) || (executor_.pc() == 0x03824b00);
//			log |= instruction & ;

			// The following has the effect of logging all taken SWIs and their return codes.
			if(
				(instruction & 0x0f00'0000) == 0x0f00'0000 &&
				executor_.registers().test(InstructionSet::ARM::Condition(instruction >> 28))
			) {
				if(instruction & 0x2'0000) {
					swis.emplace_back();
					swis.back().opcode = instruction;
					swis.back().address = executor_.pc();
					swis.back().return_address = executor_.registers().pc(4);
					for(int c = 0; c < 10; c++) swis.back().regs[c] = executor_.registers()[uint32_t(c)];

					// Possibly capture more detail.
					//
					// Cf. http://productsdb.riscos.com/support/developers/prm_index/numswilist.html
					uint32_t pointer = 0;
					switch(instruction & 0xfd'ffff) {
						case 0x41501:
							swis.back().swi_name = "MessageTrans_OpenFile";

							// R0: pointer to file descriptor; R1: pointer to filename; R2: pointer to hold file data.
							// (R0 and R1 are in the RMA if R2 = 0)
							pointer = executor_.registers()[1];
						break;
						case 0x41502:
							swis.back().swi_name = "MessageTrans_Lookup";
						break;
						case 0x41506:
							swis.back().swi_name = "MessageTrans_ErrorLookup";
						break;

						case 0x4028a:
							swis.back().swi_name = "Podule_EnumerateChunksWithInfo";
						break;

						case 0x4000a:
							swis.back().swi_name = "Econet_ReadLocalStationAndNet";
						break;
						case 0x4000e:
							swis.back().swi_name = "Econet_SetProtection";
						break;
						case 0x40015:
							swis.back().swi_name = "Econet_ClaimPort";
						break;

						case 0x40541:
							swis.back().swi_name = "FileCore_Create";
						break;

						case 0x80156:
						case 0x8015b:
							swis.back().swi_name = "PDriver_MiscOpForDriver";
						break;

						case 0x05:
							swis.back().swi_name = "OS_CLI";
							pointer = executor_.registers()[0];
						break;
						case 0x0d:
							swis.back().swi_name = "OS_Find";
							if(executor_.registers()[0] >= 0x40) {
								pointer = executor_.registers()[1];
							}
						break;
						case 0x1d:
							swis.back().swi_name = "OS_Heap";
						break;
						case 0x1e:
							swis.back().swi_name = "OS_Module";
						break;

						case 0x20:
							swis.back().swi_name = "OS_Release";
						break;
						case 0x21:
							swis.back().swi_name = "OS_ReadUnsigned";
						break;
						case 0x23:
							swis.back().swi_name = "OS_ReadVarVal";

							// R0: pointer to variable name.
							pointer = executor_.registers()[0];
						break;
						case 0x24:
							swis.back().swi_name = "OS_SetVarVal";

							// R0: pointer to variable name.
							pointer = executor_.registers()[0];
						break;
						case 0x26:
							swis.back().swi_name = "OS_GSRead";
						break;
						case 0x27:
							swis.back().swi_name = "OS_GSTrans";
							pointer = executor_.registers()[0];
						break;
						case 0x29:
							swis.back().swi_name = "OS_FSControl";
						break;
						case 0x2a:
							swis.back().swi_name = "OS_ChangeDynamicArea";
						break;

						case 0x4c:
							swis.back().swi_name = "OS_ReleaseDeviceVector";
						break;

						case 0x43057:
							swis.back().swi_name = "Territory_LowerCaseTable";
						break;
						case 0x43058:
							swis.back().swi_name = "Territory_UpperCaseTable";
						break;

						case 0x42fc0:
							swis.back().swi_name = "Portable_Speed";
						break;
						case 0x42fc1:
							swis.back().swi_name = "Portable_Control";
						break;
					}

					if(pointer) {
						while(true) {
							uint8_t next;
							executor_.bus.template read<uint8_t>(pointer, next, InstructionSet::ARM::Mode::Supervisor, false);
							++pointer;

							if(next < 32) break;
							swis.back().value_name.push_back(static_cast<char>(next));
						}
					}

				}

				if(executor_.registers().pc_status(0) & InstructionSet::ARM::ConditionCode::Overflow) {
					logger.error().append("SWI called with V set");
				}
			}
			if(!swis.empty() && executor_.pc() == swis.back().return_address) {
				// Overflow set => SWI failure.
				auto &back = swis.back();
				if(executor_.registers().pc_status(0) & InstructionSet::ARM::ConditionCode::Overflow) {
					auto info = logger.info();

					info.append("failed swi ");
					if(back.swi_name.empty()) {
						info.append("&%x", back.opcode & 0xfd'ffff);
					} else {
						info.append("%s", back.swi_name.c_str());
					}

					if(!back.value_name.empty()) {
						info.append(" %s", back.value_name.c_str());
					}

					info.append(" @ %08x ", back.address);
					for(uint32_t c = 0; c < 10; c++) {
						info.append("r%d:%08x ", c, back.regs[c]);
					}
				}

				swis.pop_back();
			}

			if(log) {
				InstructionSet::ARM::Disassembler<arm_model> disassembler;
				InstructionSet::ARM::dispatch<arm_model>(instruction, disassembler);

				auto info = logger.info();
				info.append("[%d] %08x: %08x\t\t%s\t prior:[",
					instr_count,
					executor_.pc(),
					instruction,
					disassembler.last().to_string(executor_.pc()).c_str());
				for(uint32_t c = 0; c < 15; c++) {
					info.append("r%d:%08x ", c, executor_.registers()[c]);
				}
				info.append("]");
			}
			opcodes.insert(instruction);
			if(accumulate) {
				int c = 0;
				for(auto instr : opcodes) {
					printf("0x%08x, ", instr);
					++c;
					if(!(c&15)) printf("\n");
				}
				accumulate = false;
			}
//			logger.info().append("%08x: %08x", executor_.pc(), instruction);
			InstructionSet::ARM::execute(instruction, executor_);
			++instr_count;

//			if(
//				executor_.pc() > 0x038021d0 &&
//					last_r1 != executor_.registers()[1]
//					 ||
//				(
//					last_link != executor_.registers()[14] ||
//					last_r0 != executor_.registers()[0] ||
//					last_r10 != executor_.registers()[10] ||
//					last_r1 != executor_.registers()[1]
//				)
//			) {
//				logger.info().append("%08x modified R14 to %08x; R0 to %08x; R10 to %08x; R1 to %08x",
//					last_pc,
//					executor_.registers()[14],
//					executor_.registers()[0],
//					executor_.registers()[10],
//					executor_.registers()[1]
//				);
//				logger.info().append("%08x modified R1 to %08x",
//					last_pc,
//					executor_.registers()[1]
//				);
//				last_link = executor_.registers()[14];
//				last_r0 = executor_.registers()[0];
//				last_r10 = executor_.registers()[10];
//				last_r1 = executor_.registers()[1];
//			}
		}

		void tick_timers()	{	executor_.bus.tick_timers();	}
		void tick_sound()	{	executor_.bus.sound().tick();	}
		void tick_video()	{	executor_.bus.video().tick();	}

		// MARK: - MediaTarget
		bool insert_media(const Analyser::Static::Media &) override {
//			int c = 0;
//			for(auto &disk : media.disks) {
//				fdc_.set_disk(disk, c);
//				c++;
//				if(c == 4) break;
//			}
//			return true;
			return false;
		}

		// MARK: - Activity::Source.
		void set_activity_observer(Activity::Observer *observer) final {
			executor_.bus.set_activity_observer(observer);
		}

		// MARK: - MappedKeyboardMachine.
		MappedKeyboardMachine::KeyboardMapper *get_keyboard_mapper() override {
			return &keyboard_mapper_;
		}
		Archimedes::KeyboardMapper keyboard_mapper_;

		void set_key_state(uint16_t key, bool is_pressed) override {
			const int row = Archimedes::KeyboardMapper::row(key);
			const int column = Archimedes::KeyboardMapper::column(key);
			executor_.bus.keyboard().set_key_state(row, column, is_pressed);
		}

		// MARK: - ARM execution
		static constexpr auto arm_model = InstructionSet::ARM::Model::ARMv2;
		InstructionSet::ARM::Executor<arm_model, MemoryController<ConcreteMachine, ConcreteMachine>> executor_;
};

}

using namespace Archimedes;

std::unique_ptr<Machine> Machine::Archimedes(const Analyser::Static::Target *target, const ROMMachine::ROMFetcher &rom_fetcher) {
	return std::make_unique<ConcreteMachine>(*target, rom_fetcher);
}