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549 lines
17 KiB
C++
549 lines
17 KiB
C++
//
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// Video.cpp
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// Clock Signal
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//
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// Created by Thomas Harte on 04/10/2019.
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// Copyright © 2019 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
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//
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#include "Video.hpp"
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#include "../../../Outputs/Log.hpp"
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#include <algorithm>
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#include <cstring>
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using namespace Atari::ST;
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namespace {
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/*!
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Defines the line counts at which mode-specific events will occur:
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vertical enable being set and being reset, and the line on which
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the frame will end.
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*/
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const struct VerticalParams {
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const int set_enable;
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const int reset_enable;
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const int height;
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} vertical_params[3] = {
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{63, 263, 313}, // 47 rather than 63 on early machines.
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{34, 234, 263},
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{1, 401, 500} // 72 Hz mode: who knows?
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};
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/// @returns The correct @c VerticalParams for output at @c frequency.
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const VerticalParams &vertical_parameters(FieldFrequency frequency) {
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return vertical_params[int(frequency)];
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}
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/*!
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Defines the horizontal counts at which mode-specific events will occur:
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horizontal enable being set and being reset, blank being set and reset, and the
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intended length of this ine.
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The caller should:
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* latch line length at cycle 54 (TODO: also for 72Hz mode?);
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* at (line length - 50), start sync and reset enable (usually for the second time);
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* at (line length - 10), disable sync.
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*/
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const struct HorizontalParams {
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const int set_enable;
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const int reset_enable;
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const int set_blank;
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const int reset_blank;
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const int length;
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} horizontal_params[3] = {
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{56*2, 376*2, 450*2, 28*2, 512*2},
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{52*2, 372*2, 450*2, 24*2, 508*2},
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{4*2, 164*2, 184*2, 2*2, 224*2}
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};
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const HorizontalParams &horizontal_parameters(FieldFrequency frequency) {
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return horizontal_params[int(frequency)];
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}
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#ifndef NDEBUG
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struct Checker {
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Checker() {
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for(int c = 0; c < 3; ++c) {
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// Expected horizontal order of events: reset blank, enable display, disable display, enable blank (at least 50 before end of line), end of line
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const auto horizontal = horizontal_parameters(FieldFrequency(c));
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assert(horizontal.reset_blank < horizontal.set_enable);
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assert(horizontal.set_enable < horizontal.reset_enable);
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assert(horizontal.reset_enable < horizontal.set_blank);
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assert(horizontal.set_blank+50 < horizontal.length);
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// Expected vertical order of events: reset blank, enable display, disable display, enable blank (at least 50 before end of line), end of line
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const auto vertical = vertical_parameters(FieldFrequency(c));
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assert(vertical.set_enable < vertical.reset_enable);
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assert(vertical.reset_enable < vertical.height);
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}
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}
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} checker;
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#endif
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}
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Video::Video() :
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crt_(1024, 1, Outputs::Display::Type::PAL50, Outputs::Display::InputDataType::Red4Green4Blue4),
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shifter_(crt_, palette_) {
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// Show a total of 260 lines; a little short for PAL but a compromise between that and the ST's
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// usual output height of 200 lines.
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crt_.set_visible_area(crt_.get_rect_for_area(33, 260, 216, 850, 4.0f / 3.0f));
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}
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void Video::set_ram(uint16_t *ram, size_t size) {
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ram_ = ram;
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}
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void Video::set_scan_target(Outputs::Display::ScanTarget *scan_target) {
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crt_.set_scan_target(scan_target);
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}
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void Video::run_for(HalfCycles duration) {
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const auto horizontal_timings = horizontal_parameters(field_frequency_);
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const auto vertical_timings = vertical_parameters(field_frequency_);
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int integer_duration = int(duration.as_integral());
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while(integer_duration) {
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// Seed next event to end of line.
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int next_event = line_length_;
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// Check the explicitly-placed events.
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if(horizontal_timings.reset_blank > x_) next_event = std::min(next_event, horizontal_timings.reset_blank);
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if(horizontal_timings.set_blank > x_) next_event = std::min(next_event, horizontal_timings.set_blank);
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if(horizontal_timings.reset_enable > x_) next_event = std::min(next_event, horizontal_timings.reset_enable);
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if(horizontal_timings.set_enable > x_) next_event = std::min(next_event, horizontal_timings.set_enable);
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// Check for events that are relative to existing latched state.
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if(line_length_ - 50*2 > x_) next_event = std::min(next_event, line_length_ - 50*2);
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if(line_length_ - 10*2 > x_) next_event = std::min(next_event, line_length_ - 10*2);
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// Also, a vertical sync event might intercede.
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if(vertical_.sync_schedule != VerticalState::SyncSchedule::None && x_ < 30*2 && next_event >= 30*2) {
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next_event = 30*2;
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}
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// Determine current output mode and number of cycles to output for.
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const int run_length = std::min(integer_duration, next_event - x_);
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if(horizontal_.sync || vertical_.sync) {
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shifter_.output_sync(run_length);
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} else if(horizontal_.blank || vertical_.blank) {
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shifter_.output_blank(run_length);
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} else if(!vertical_.enable || !horizontal_.enable) {
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shifter_.output_border(run_length, output_bpp_);
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} else {
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// There will be pixels this line, subject to the shifter pipeline.
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// Divide into 8-[half-]cycle windows; at the start of each window fetch a word,
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// and during the rest of the window, shift out.
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int start_column = x_ >> 3;
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const int end_column = (x_ + run_length) >> 3;
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// Rules obeyed below:
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//
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// Video fetches occur as the first act of business in a column. Each
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// fetch is then followed by 8 shift clocks. Whether or not the shifter
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// was reloaded by the fetch depends on the FIFO.
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if(start_column == end_column) {
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shifter_.output_pixels(run_length, output_bpp_);
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} else {
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// Continue the current column if partway across.
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if(x_&7) {
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// If at least one column boundary is crossed, complete this column.
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shifter_.output_pixels(8 - (x_ & 7), output_bpp_);
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++start_column; // This starts a new column, so latch a new word.
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latch_word();
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}
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// Run for all columns that have their starts in this time period.
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int complete_columns = end_column - start_column;
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while(complete_columns--) {
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shifter_.output_pixels(8, output_bpp_);
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latch_word();
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}
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// Output the start of the next column, if necessary.
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if(start_column != end_column && (x_ + run_length) & 7) {
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shifter_.output_pixels((x_ + run_length) & 7, output_bpp_);
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}
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}
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}
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// Check for whether line length should have been latched during this run.
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if(x_ <= 54*2 && (x_ + run_length) > 54*2) line_length_ = horizontal_timings.length;
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// Make a decision about vertical state on cycle 502.
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if(x_ <= 502*2 && (x_ + run_length) > 502*2) {
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next_y_ = y_ + 1;
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next_vertical_ = vertical_;
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next_vertical_.sync_schedule = VerticalState::SyncSchedule::None;
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// Use vertical_parameters to get parameters for the current output frequency.
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if(next_y_ == vertical_timings.set_enable) {
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next_vertical_.enable = true;
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} else if(next_y_ == vertical_timings.reset_enable) {
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next_vertical_.enable = false;
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} else if(next_y_ == vertical_timings.height) {
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next_y_ = 0;
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next_vertical_.sync_schedule = VerticalState::SyncSchedule::Begin;
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current_address_ = base_address_ >> 1;
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} else if(next_y_ == 3) {
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next_vertical_.sync_schedule = VerticalState::SyncSchedule::End;
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}
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}
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// Apply the next event.
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x_ += run_length;
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integer_duration -= run_length;
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// Check horizontal events.
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if(horizontal_timings.reset_blank == x_) horizontal_.blank = false;
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else if(horizontal_timings.set_blank == x_) horizontal_.blank = true;
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else if(horizontal_timings.reset_enable == x_) horizontal_.enable = false;
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else if(horizontal_timings.set_enable == x_) horizontal_.enable = true;
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else if(line_length_ - 50*2 == x_) horizontal_.sync = true;
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else if(line_length_ - 10*2 == x_) horizontal_.sync = false;
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// Check vertical events.
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if(vertical_.sync_schedule != VerticalState::SyncSchedule::None && x_ == 30*2) {
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vertical_.sync = vertical_.sync_schedule == VerticalState::SyncSchedule::Begin;
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vertical_.enable &= !vertical_.sync;
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}
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// Check whether the terminating event was end-of-line; if so then advance
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// the vertical bits of state.
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if(x_ == line_length_) {
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x_ = 0;
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vertical_ = next_vertical_;
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y_ = next_y_;
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}
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}
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}
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void Video::latch_word() {
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data_latch_[data_latch_position_] = ram_[current_address_ & 262143];
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++current_address_;
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++data_latch_position_;
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if(data_latch_position_ == 4) {
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data_latch_position_ = 0;
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shifter_.load(
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(uint64_t(data_latch_[0]) << 48) |
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(uint64_t(data_latch_[1]) << 32) |
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(uint64_t(data_latch_[2]) << 16) |
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uint64_t(data_latch_[3])
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);
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}
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}
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bool Video::hsync() {
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return horizontal_.sync;
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}
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bool Video::vsync() {
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return vertical_.sync;
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}
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bool Video::display_enabled() {
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return horizontal_.enable && vertical_.enable;
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}
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HalfCycles Video::get_next_sequence_point() {
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// The next sequence point will be whenever display_enabled, vsync or hsync next changes.
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// Sequence of events within a standard line:
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//
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// 1) blank disabled;
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// 2) display enabled;
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// 3) display disabled;
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// 4) blank enabled;
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// 5) sync enabled;
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// 6) sync disabled;
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// 7) end-of-line, potential vertical event.
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//
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// If this line has a vertical sync event on it, there will also be an event at cycle 30,
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// which will always falls somewhere between (1) and (4) but might or might not be in the
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// visible area.
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const auto horizontal_timings = horizontal_parameters(field_frequency_);
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// const auto vertical_timings = vertical_parameters(field_frequency_);
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// If this is a vertically-enabled line, check for the display enable boundaries.
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if(vertical_.enable) {
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// TODO: what if there's a sync event scheduled for this line?
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if(x_ < horizontal_timings.set_enable) return HalfCycles(horizontal_timings.set_enable - x_);
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if(x_ < horizontal_timings.reset_enable) return HalfCycles(horizontal_timings.reset_enable - x_);
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} else {
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if(vertical_.sync_schedule != VerticalState::SyncSchedule::None && (x_ < 30*2)) {
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return HalfCycles(30*2 - x_);
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}
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}
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// Test for beginning and end of sync.
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if(x_ < line_length_ - 50) return HalfCycles(line_length_ - 50 - x_);
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if(x_ < line_length_ - 10) return HalfCycles(line_length_ - 10 - x_);
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// Okay, then, it depends on the next line. If the next line is the start or end of vertical sync,
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// it's that.
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// if(y_+1 == vertical_timings.height || y_+1 == 3) return HalfCycles(line_length_ - x_);
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// It wasn't any of those, so as a temporary expedient, just supply end of line.
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return HalfCycles(line_length_ - x_);
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}
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// MARK: - IO dispatch
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uint16_t Video::read(int address) {
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address &= 0x3f;
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switch(address) {
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default:
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break;
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case 0x00: return uint16_t(0xff00 | (base_address_ >> 16));
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case 0x01: return uint16_t(0xff00 | (base_address_ >> 8));
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case 0x02: return uint16_t(0xff00 | (current_address_ >> 15)); // Current address is kept in word precision internally;
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case 0x03: return uint16_t(0xff00 | (current_address_ >> 7)); // the shifts here represent a conversion back to
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case 0x04: return uint16_t(0xff00 | (current_address_ << 1)); // byte precision.
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case 0x05: return sync_mode_ | 0xfcff;
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case 0x30: return video_mode_ | 0xfcff;
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case 0x20: case 0x21: case 0x22: case 0x23:
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case 0x24: case 0x25: case 0x26: case 0x27:
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case 0x28: case 0x29: case 0x2a: case 0x2b:
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case 0x2c: case 0x2d: case 0x2e: case 0x2f: return raw_palette_[address - 0x20];
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}
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return 0xff;
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}
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void Video::write(int address, uint16_t value) {
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address &= 0x3f;
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switch(address) {
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default: break;
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// Start address.
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case 0x00: base_address_ = (base_address_ & 0x00ffff) | ((value & 0xff) << 16); break;
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case 0x01: base_address_ = (base_address_ & 0xff00ff) | ((value & 0xff) << 8); break;
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// Sync mode and pixel mode.
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case 0x05:
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sync_mode_ = value;
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update_output_mode();
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break;
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case 0x30:
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video_mode_ = value;
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update_output_mode();
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break;
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// Palette.
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case 0x20: case 0x21: case 0x22: case 0x23:
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case 0x24: case 0x25: case 0x26: case 0x27:
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case 0x28: case 0x29: case 0x2a: case 0x2b:
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case 0x2c: case 0x2d: case 0x2e: case 0x2f: {
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raw_palette_[address - 0x20] = value;
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uint8_t *const entry = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&palette_[address - 0x20]);
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entry[0] = uint8_t((value & 0x700) >> 7);
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entry[1] = uint8_t((value & 0x77) << 1);
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} break;
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}
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}
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void Video::update_output_mode() {
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// If this is black and white mode, that's that.
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switch((video_mode_ >> 8) & 3) {
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default:
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case 0: output_bpp_ = OutputBpp::Four; break;
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case 1: output_bpp_ = OutputBpp::Two; break;
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// 1bpp mode ignores the otherwise-programmed frequency.
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case 2:
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output_bpp_ = OutputBpp::One;
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field_frequency_ = FieldFrequency::SeventyTwo;
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return;
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}
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field_frequency_ = (sync_mode_ & 0x200) ? FieldFrequency::Fifty : FieldFrequency::Sixty;
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}
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// MARK: - The shifter
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void Video::Shifter::flush_output(OutputMode next_mode) {
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switch(output_mode_) {
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case OutputMode::Sync: crt_.output_sync(duration_); break;
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case OutputMode::Blank: crt_.output_blank(duration_); break;
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case OutputMode::Border: {
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// if(!border_colour_) {
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// crt_.output_blank(duration_);
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// } else {
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uint16_t *const colour_pointer = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(crt_.begin_data(1));
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if(colour_pointer) *colour_pointer = border_colour_;
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crt_.output_level(duration_);
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// }
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} break;
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case OutputMode::Pixels: {
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crt_.output_data(duration_, pixel_pointer_);
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pixel_buffer_ = nullptr;
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pixel_pointer_ = 0;
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} break;
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}
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duration_ = 0;
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output_mode_ = next_mode;
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}
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void Video::Shifter::output_blank(int duration) {
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if(output_mode_ != OutputMode::Blank) {
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flush_output(OutputMode::Blank);
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}
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duration_ += duration;
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}
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void Video::Shifter::output_sync(int duration) {
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if(output_mode_ != OutputMode::Sync) {
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flush_output(OutputMode::Sync);
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}
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duration_ += duration;
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}
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void Video::Shifter::output_border(int duration, OutputBpp bpp) {
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// If there's still anything in the shifter, redirect this to an output_pixels call.
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if(output_shifter_) {
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// This doesn't take an opinion on how much of the shifter remains populated;
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// it assumes the worst case.
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const int pixel_length = std::min(32, duration);
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output_pixels(pixel_length, bpp);
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duration -= pixel_length;
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if(!duration) {
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return;
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}
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}
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// Flush anything that isn't level output *in the current border colour*.
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if(output_mode_ != OutputMode::Border || border_colour_ != palette_[0]) {
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flush_output(OutputMode::Border);
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border_colour_ = palette_[0];
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}
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duration_ += duration;
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}
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void Video::Shifter::output_pixels(int duration, OutputBpp bpp) {
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// If the shifter is empty and there's no pixel buffer at present,
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// redirect this to an output_level call. Otherwise, do a quick
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// memset-type fill, since the special case has been detected anyway.
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if(!output_shifter_) {
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if(!pixel_buffer_) {
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output_border(duration, bpp);
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} else {
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duration_ += duration;
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switch(bpp_) {
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case OutputBpp::One: {
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const size_t pixels = size_t(duration << 1);
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memset(&pixel_buffer_[pixel_pointer_], 0, pixels * sizeof(uint16_t));
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pixel_pointer_ += pixels;
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} break;
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default:
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case OutputBpp::Four:
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assert(!(duration & 1));
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duration >>= 1;
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case OutputBpp::Two: {
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while(duration--) {
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pixel_buffer_[pixel_pointer_] = palette_[0];
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++pixel_pointer_;
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}
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} break;
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}
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}
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return;
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}
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// Flush anything that isn't pixel output in the proper bpp; also flush if there's nowhere
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// left to put pixels.
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if(output_mode_ != OutputMode::Pixels || bpp_ != bpp || pixel_pointer_ >= 320) {
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flush_output(OutputMode::Pixels);
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bpp_ = bpp;
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pixel_buffer_ = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(crt_.begin_data(320 + 32));
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}
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duration_ += duration;
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switch(bpp_) {
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case OutputBpp::One: {
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int pixels = duration << 1;
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if(pixel_buffer_) {
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while(pixels--) {
|
|
pixel_buffer_[pixel_pointer_] = ((output_shifter_ >> 63) & 1) * 0xffff;
|
|
output_shifter_ <<= 1;
|
|
++pixel_pointer_;
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
pixel_pointer_ += size_t(pixels);
|
|
output_shifter_ <<= pixels;
|
|
}
|
|
} break;
|
|
case OutputBpp::Two: {
|
|
#if TARGET_RT_BIG_ENDIAN
|
|
const int upper = 0;
|
|
#else
|
|
const int upper = 1;
|
|
#endif
|
|
if(pixel_buffer_) {
|
|
while(duration--) {
|
|
pixel_buffer_[pixel_pointer_] = palette_[
|
|
((output_shifter_ >> 63) & 1) |
|
|
((output_shifter_ >> 46) & 2)
|
|
];
|
|
// This ensures that the top two words shift one to the left;
|
|
// their least significant bits are fed from the most significant bits
|
|
// of the bottom two words, respectively.
|
|
shifter_halves_[upper] = (shifter_halves_[upper] << 1) & 0xfffefffe;
|
|
shifter_halves_[upper] |= (shifter_halves_[upper^1] & 0x80008000) >> 15;
|
|
shifter_halves_[upper^1] = (shifter_halves_[upper^1] << 1) & 0xfffefffe;
|
|
|
|
++pixel_pointer_;
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
pixel_pointer_ += size_t(duration);
|
|
while(duration--) {
|
|
shifter_halves_[upper] = (shifter_halves_[upper] << 1) & 0xfffefffe;
|
|
shifter_halves_[upper] |= (shifter_halves_[upper^1] & 0x80008000) >> 15;
|
|
shifter_halves_[upper^1] = (shifter_halves_[upper^1] << 1) & 0xfffefffe;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
} break;
|
|
default:
|
|
case OutputBpp::Four:
|
|
assert(!(duration & 1));
|
|
if(pixel_buffer_) {
|
|
while(duration) {
|
|
pixel_buffer_[pixel_pointer_] = palette_[
|
|
((output_shifter_ >> 63) & 1) |
|
|
((output_shifter_ >> 46) & 2) |
|
|
((output_shifter_ >> 29) & 4) |
|
|
((output_shifter_ >> 12) & 8)
|
|
];
|
|
output_shifter_ = (output_shifter_ << 1) & 0xfffefffefffefffe;
|
|
++pixel_pointer_;
|
|
duration -= 2;
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
pixel_pointer_ += size_t(duration >> 1);
|
|
while(duration) {
|
|
output_shifter_ = (output_shifter_ << 1) & 0xfffefffefffefffe;
|
|
duration -= 2;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
void Video::Shifter::load(uint64_t value) {
|
|
output_shifter_ = value;
|
|
}
|