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634 lines
22 KiB
C++
634 lines
22 KiB
C++
//
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// AppleII.cpp
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// Clock Signal
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//
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// Created by Thomas Harte on 14/04/2018.
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// Copyright 2018 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
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//
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#include "AppleII.hpp"
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#include "../../Activity/Source.hpp"
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#include "../ConfigurationTarget.hpp"
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#include "../CRTMachine.hpp"
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#include "../KeyboardMachine.hpp"
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#include "../Utility/MemoryFuzzer.hpp"
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#include "../Utility/StringSerialiser.hpp"
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#include "../../Processors/6502/6502.hpp"
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#include "../../Components/AudioToggle/AudioToggle.hpp"
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#include "../../Outputs/Speaker/Implementation/LowpassSpeaker.hpp"
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#include "Card.hpp"
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#include "DiskIICard.hpp"
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#include "Video.hpp"
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#include "../../Analyser/Static/AppleII/Target.hpp"
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#include "../../ClockReceiver/ForceInline.hpp"
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#include "../../Configurable/Configurable.hpp"
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#include "../../Storage/Disk/Track/TrackSerialiser.hpp"
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#include "../../Storage/Disk/Encodings/AppleGCR/SegmentParser.hpp"
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#include <algorithm>
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#include <array>
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#include <memory>
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std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Configurable::Option>> AppleII::get_options() {
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std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Configurable::Option>> options;
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options.emplace_back(new Configurable::BooleanOption("Accelerate DOS 3.3", "quickload"));
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return options;
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}
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namespace {
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class ConcreteMachine:
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public CRTMachine::Machine,
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public ConfigurationTarget::Machine,
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public KeyboardMachine::Machine,
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public Configurable::Device,
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public CPU::MOS6502::BusHandler,
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public Inputs::Keyboard,
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public AppleII::Machine,
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public Activity::Source,
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public AppleII::Card::Delegate {
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private:
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struct VideoBusHandler : public AppleII::Video::BusHandler {
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public:
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VideoBusHandler(uint8_t *ram) : ram_(ram) {}
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uint8_t perform_read(uint16_t address) {
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return ram_[address];
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}
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private:
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uint8_t *ram_;
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};
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CPU::MOS6502::Processor<ConcreteMachine, false> m6502_;
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VideoBusHandler video_bus_handler_;
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std::unique_ptr<AppleII::Video::Video<VideoBusHandler>> video_;
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int cycles_into_current_line_ = 0;
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Cycles cycles_since_video_update_;
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void update_video() {
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video_->run_for(cycles_since_video_update_.flush());
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}
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static const int audio_divider = 8;
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void update_audio() {
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speaker_.run_for(audio_queue_, cycles_since_audio_update_.divide(Cycles(audio_divider)));
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}
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void update_just_in_time_cards() {
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for(const auto &card : just_in_time_cards_) {
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card->run_for(cycles_since_card_update_, stretched_cycles_since_card_update_);
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}
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cycles_since_card_update_ = 0;
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stretched_cycles_since_card_update_ = 0;
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}
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uint8_t ram_[65536], aux_ram_[65536];
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std::vector<uint8_t> apple2_rom_, apple2plus_rom_, rom_;
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std::vector<uint8_t> character_rom_;
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uint8_t keyboard_input_ = 0x00;
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Concurrency::DeferringAsyncTaskQueue audio_queue_;
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Audio::Toggle audio_toggle_;
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Outputs::Speaker::LowpassSpeaker<Audio::Toggle> speaker_;
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Cycles cycles_since_audio_update_;
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ROMMachine::ROMFetcher rom_fetcher_;
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// MARK: - Cards
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std::array<std::unique_ptr<AppleII::Card>, 7> cards_;
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Cycles cycles_since_card_update_;
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std::vector<AppleII::Card *> every_cycle_cards_;
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std::vector<AppleII::Card *> just_in_time_cards_;
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int stretched_cycles_since_card_update_ = 0;
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void install_card(std::size_t slot, AppleII::Card *card) {
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assert(slot >= 1 && slot < 8);
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cards_[slot - 1].reset(card);
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card->set_delegate(this);
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pick_card_messaging_group(card);
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}
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bool is_every_cycle_card(AppleII::Card *card) {
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return !card->get_select_constraints();
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}
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void pick_card_messaging_group(AppleII::Card *card) {
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const bool is_every_cycle = is_every_cycle_card(card);
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std::vector<AppleII::Card *> &intended = is_every_cycle ? every_cycle_cards_ : just_in_time_cards_;
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std::vector<AppleII::Card *> &undesired = is_every_cycle ? just_in_time_cards_ : every_cycle_cards_;
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if(std::find(intended.begin(), intended.end(), card) != intended.end()) return;
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auto old_membership = std::find(undesired.begin(), undesired.end(), card);
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if(old_membership != undesired.end()) undesired.erase(old_membership);
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intended.push_back(card);
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}
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void card_did_change_select_constraints(AppleII::Card *card) override {
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pick_card_messaging_group(card);
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}
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AppleII::DiskIICard *diskii_card() {
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return dynamic_cast<AppleII::DiskIICard *>(cards_[5].get());
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}
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// MARK: - Memory Map
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struct MemoryBlock {
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uint8_t *read_pointer = nullptr;
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uint8_t *write_pointer = nullptr;
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} memory_blocks_[4]; // The IO page isn't included.
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// MARK: - The language card.
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struct {
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bool bank1 = false;
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bool read = false;
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bool pre_write = false;
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bool write = false;
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} language_card_;
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bool has_language_card_ = true;
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void set_language_card_paging() {
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if(has_language_card_ && !language_card_.write) {
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memory_blocks_[2].write_pointer = &ram_[48*1024 + (language_card_.bank1 ? 0x1000 : 0x0000)];
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memory_blocks_[3].write_pointer = &ram_[56*1024];
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} else {
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memory_blocks_[2].write_pointer = memory_blocks_[3].write_pointer = nullptr;
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}
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if(has_language_card_ && language_card_.read) {
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memory_blocks_[2].read_pointer = &ram_[48*1024 + (language_card_.bank1 ? 0x1000 : 0x0000)];
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memory_blocks_[3].read_pointer = &ram_[56*1024];
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} else {
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memory_blocks_[2].read_pointer = rom_.data();
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memory_blocks_[3].read_pointer = rom_.data() + 0x1000;
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}
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}
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// MARK - typing
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std::unique_ptr<Utility::StringSerialiser> string_serialiser_;
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// MARK - quick loading
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bool should_load_quickly_ = false;
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public:
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ConcreteMachine():
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m6502_(*this),
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video_bus_handler_(ram_),
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audio_toggle_(audio_queue_),
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speaker_(audio_toggle_) {
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// The system's master clock rate.
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const float master_clock = 14318180.0;
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// This is where things get slightly convoluted: establish the machine as having a clock rate
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// equal to the number of cycles of work the 6502 will actually achieve. Which is less than
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// the master clock rate divided by 14 because every 65th cycle is extended by one seventh.
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set_clock_rate((master_clock / 14.0) * 65.0 / (65.0 + 1.0 / 7.0));
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// The speaker, however, should think it is clocked at half the master clock, per a general
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// decision to sample it at seven times the CPU clock (plus stretches).
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speaker_.set_input_rate(static_cast<float>(master_clock / (2.0 * static_cast<float>(audio_divider))));
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// Apply a 6Khz low-pass filter. This was picked by ear and by an attempt to understand the
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// Apple II schematic but, well, I don't claim much insight on the latter. This is definitely
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// something to review in the future.
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speaker_.set_high_frequency_cutoff(6000);
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// Also, start with randomised memory contents.
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Memory::Fuzz(ram_, sizeof(ram_));
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}
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~ConcreteMachine() {
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audio_queue_.flush();
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}
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void setup_output(float aspect_ratio) override {
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video_.reset(new AppleII::Video::Video<VideoBusHandler>(video_bus_handler_));
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video_->set_character_rom(character_rom_);
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}
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void close_output() override {
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video_.reset();
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}
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Outputs::CRT::CRT *get_crt() override {
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return video_->get_crt();
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}
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Outputs::Speaker::Speaker *get_speaker() override {
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return &speaker_;
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}
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forceinline Cycles perform_bus_operation(const CPU::MOS6502::BusOperation operation, const uint16_t address, uint8_t *const value) {
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++ cycles_since_video_update_;
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++ cycles_since_card_update_;
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cycles_since_audio_update_ += Cycles(7);
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// The Apple II has a slightly weird timing pattern: every 65th CPU cycle is stretched
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// by an extra 1/7th. That's because one cycle lasts 3.5 NTSC colour clocks, so after
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// 65 cycles a full line of 227.5 colour clocks have passed. But the high-rate binary
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// signal approximation that produces colour needs to be in phase, so a stretch of exactly
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// 0.5 further colour cycles is added. The video class handles that implicitly, but it
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// needs to be accumulated here for the audio.
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cycles_into_current_line_ = (cycles_into_current_line_ + 1) % 65;
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const bool is_stretched_cycle = !cycles_into_current_line_;
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if(is_stretched_cycle) {
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++ cycles_since_audio_update_;
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++ stretched_cycles_since_card_update_;
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}
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/*
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There are five distinct zones of memory on an Apple II:
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0000 to 0200 : the zero and stack pages, which can be paged independently on a IIe
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0200 to c000 : the main block of RAM, which can be paged on a IIe
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c000 to d000 : the IO area, including card ROMs
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d000 to e000 : the low ROM area, which can contain indepdently-paged RAM with a language card
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e000 onward : the rest of ROM, also potentially replaced with RAM by a language card
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*/
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uint16_t accessed_address = address;
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MemoryBlock *block = nullptr;
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if(address < 0x200) block = &memory_blocks_[0];
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else if(address < 0xc000) {
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if(address < 0x6000 && !isReadOperation(operation)) update_video();
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block = &memory_blocks_[1];
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accessed_address -= 0x200;
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}
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else if(address < 0xd000) block = nullptr;
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else if(address < 0xe000) {block = &memory_blocks_[2]; accessed_address -= 0xd000; }
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else { block = &memory_blocks_[3]; accessed_address -= 0xe000; }
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bool has_updated_cards = false;
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if(block) {
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if(isReadOperation(operation)) *value = block->read_pointer[accessed_address];
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else if(block->write_pointer) block->write_pointer[accessed_address] = *value;
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if(should_load_quickly_) {
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// Check for a prima facie entry into RWTS.
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if(operation == CPU::MOS6502::BusOperation::ReadOpcode && (address&0xff) == ram_[0x3da] && (address >> 8) == ram_[0x3db]) {
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// Grab the IO control block address for inspection.
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uint16_t io_control_block_address =
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static_cast<uint16_t>(
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(m6502_.get_value_of_register(CPU::MOS6502::Register::A) << 8) |
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m6502_.get_value_of_register(CPU::MOS6502::Register::Y)
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);
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// Verify that this is table type one, for execution on card six,
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// against drive 1 or 2, and that the command is either a seek or a sector read.
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if(
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ram_[io_control_block_address+0x00] == 0x01 &&
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ram_[io_control_block_address+0x01] == 0x60 &&
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ram_[io_control_block_address+0x02] > 0 && ram_[io_control_block_address+0x02] < 3 &&
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ram_[io_control_block_address+0x0c] < 2
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) {
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printf(".");
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const uint8_t iob_track = ram_[io_control_block_address+4];
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const uint8_t iob_sector = ram_[io_control_block_address+5];
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const uint8_t iob_drive = ram_[io_control_block_address+2] - 1;
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// Get the track identified and store the new head position.
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auto track = diskii_card()->get_drive(iob_drive).step_to(Storage::Disk::HeadPosition(iob_track));
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// DOS 3.3 keeps the current track (unspecified drive) in 0x478; the current track for drive 1 and drive 2
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// is also kept in that Disk II card's screen hole.
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ram_[0x478] = iob_track;
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if(ram_[io_control_block_address+0x02] == 1) {
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ram_[0x47e] = iob_track;
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} else {
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ram_[0x4fe] = iob_track;
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}
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// Check whether this is a read, not merely a seek.
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if(ram_[io_control_block_address+0x0c] == 1) {
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// Apple the DOS 3.3 formula to map the requested logical sector to a physical sector.
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const int physical_sector = (iob_sector == 15) ? 15 : ((iob_sector * 13) % 15);
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// Parse the entire track. TODO: cache these.
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auto sector_map = Storage::Encodings::AppleGCR::sectors_from_segment(
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Storage::Disk::track_serialisation(*track, Storage::Time(1, 50000)));
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bool found_sector = false;
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for(const auto &pair: sector_map) {
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if(pair.second.address.sector == physical_sector) {
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found_sector = true;
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// Copy the sector contents to their destination.
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uint16_t target = static_cast<uint16_t>(
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ram_[io_control_block_address+8] |
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(ram_[io_control_block_address+9] << 8)
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);
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for(size_t c = 0; c < 256; ++c) {
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ram_[target] = pair.second.data[c];
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++target;
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}
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// Set no error encountered.
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ram_[io_control_block_address + 0xd] = 0;
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break;
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}
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}
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if(found_sector) {
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// Set no error in the flags register too, and RTS.
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m6502_.set_value_of_register(CPU::MOS6502::Register::Flags, m6502_.get_value_of_register(CPU::MOS6502::Register::Flags) & ~1);
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*value = 0x60;
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}
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} else {
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// No error encountered; RTS.
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m6502_.set_value_of_register(CPU::MOS6502::Register::Flags, m6502_.get_value_of_register(CPU::MOS6502::Register::Flags) & ~1);
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*value = 0x60;
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}
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}
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}
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}
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} else {
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// Assume a vapour read unless it turns out otherwise; this is a little
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// wasteful but works for now.
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//
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// Longer version: like many other machines, when the Apple II reads from
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// an address at which no hardware loads the data bus, through a process of
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// practical analogue effects it'll end up receiving whatever was last on
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// the bus. Which will always be whatever the video circuit fetched because
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// that fetches in between every instruction.
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//
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// So this code assumes that'll happen unless it later determines that it
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// doesn't. The call into the video isn't free because it's a just-in-time
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// actor, but this will actually be the result most of the time so it's not
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// too terrible.
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if(isReadOperation(operation) && address != 0xc000) {
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*value = video_->get_last_read_value(cycles_since_video_update_);
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}
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switch(address) {
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default:
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if(isReadOperation(operation)) {
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// Read-only switches.
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switch(address) {
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default: break;
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case 0xc000:
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if(string_serialiser_) {
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*value = string_serialiser_->head() | 0x80;
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} else {
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*value = keyboard_input_;
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}
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break;
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case 0xc061: // Switch input 0.
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case 0xc062: // Switch input 1.
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case 0xc063: // Switch input 2.
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*value &= 0x7f;
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break;
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}
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} else {
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// Write-only switches.
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}
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break;
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/* Read-write switches. */
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case 0xc050: update_video(); video_->set_graphics_mode(); break;
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case 0xc051: update_video(); video_->set_text_mode(); break;
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case 0xc052: update_video(); video_->set_mixed_mode(false); break;
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case 0xc053: update_video(); video_->set_mixed_mode(true); break;
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case 0xc054: update_video(); video_->set_video_page(0); break;
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case 0xc055: update_video(); video_->set_video_page(1); break;
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case 0xc056: update_video(); video_->set_low_resolution(); break;
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case 0xc057: update_video(); video_->set_high_resolution(); break;
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case 0xc010:
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keyboard_input_ &= 0x7f;
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if(string_serialiser_) {
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if(!string_serialiser_->advance())
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string_serialiser_.reset();
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}
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break;
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case 0xc030:
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update_audio();
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audio_toggle_.set_output(!audio_toggle_.get_output());
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break;
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case 0xc080: case 0xc084: case 0xc088: case 0xc08c:
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case 0xc081: case 0xc085: case 0xc089: case 0xc08d:
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case 0xc082: case 0xc086: case 0xc08a: case 0xc08e:
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case 0xc083: case 0xc087: case 0xc08b: case 0xc08f:
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// Quotes below taken from Understanding the Apple II, p. 5-28 and 5-29.
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// "A3 controls the 4K bank selection"
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language_card_.bank1 = (address&8);
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// "Access to $C080, $C083, $C084, $0087, $C088, $C08B, $C08C, or $C08F sets the READ ENABLE flip-flop"
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// (other accesses reset it)
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language_card_.read = !(((address&2) >> 1) ^ (address&1));
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// "The WRITE ENABLE' flip-flop is reset by an odd read access to the $C08X range when the PRE-WRITE flip-flop is set."
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if(language_card_.pre_write && isReadOperation(operation) && (address&1)) language_card_.write = false;
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// "[The WRITE ENABLE' flip-flop] is set by an even access in the $C08X range."
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if(!(address&1)) language_card_.write = true;
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// ("Any other type of access causes the WRITE ENABLE' flip-flop to hold its current state.")
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// "The PRE-WRITE flip-flop is set by an odd read access in the $C08X range. It is reset by an even access or a write access."
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language_card_.pre_write = isReadOperation(operation) ? (address&1) : false;
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set_language_card_paging();
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break;
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}
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/*
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Communication with cards follows.
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*/
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if(address >= 0xc090 && address < 0xc800) {
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// If this is a card access, figure out which card is at play before determining
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// the totality of who needs messaging.
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size_t card_number = 0;
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AppleII::Card::Select select = AppleII::Card::None;
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if(address >= 0xc100) {
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/*
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Decode the area conventionally used by cards for ROMs:
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0xCn00 to 0xCnff: card n.
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*/
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card_number = (address - 0xc100) >> 8;
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select = AppleII::Card::Device;
|
|
} else {
|
|
/*
|
|
Decode the area conventionally used by cards for registers:
|
|
C0n0 to C0nF: card n - 8.
|
|
*/
|
|
card_number = (address - 0xc090) >> 4;
|
|
select = AppleII::Card::IO;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// If the selected card is a just-in-time card, update the just-in-time cards,
|
|
// and then message it specifically.
|
|
const bool is_read = isReadOperation(operation);
|
|
AppleII::Card *const target = cards_[card_number].get();
|
|
if(target && !is_every_cycle_card(target)) {
|
|
update_just_in_time_cards();
|
|
target->perform_bus_operation(select, is_read, address, value);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Update all the every-cycle cards regardless, but send them a ::None select if they're
|
|
// not the one actually selected.
|
|
for(const auto &card: every_cycle_cards_) {
|
|
card->run_for(Cycles(1), is_stretched_cycle);
|
|
card->perform_bus_operation(
|
|
(card == target) ? select : AppleII::Card::None,
|
|
is_read, address, value);
|
|
}
|
|
has_updated_cards = true;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if(!has_updated_cards && !every_cycle_cards_.empty()) {
|
|
// Update all every-cycle cards and give them the cycle.
|
|
const bool is_read = isReadOperation(operation);
|
|
for(const auto &card: every_cycle_cards_) {
|
|
card->run_for(Cycles(1), is_stretched_cycle);
|
|
card->perform_bus_operation(AppleII::Card::None, is_read, address, value);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return Cycles(1);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
void flush() {
|
|
update_video();
|
|
update_audio();
|
|
update_just_in_time_cards();
|
|
audio_queue_.perform();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
bool set_rom_fetcher(const ROMMachine::ROMFetcher &roms_with_names) override {
|
|
auto roms = roms_with_names(
|
|
"AppleII",
|
|
{
|
|
"apple2o.rom",
|
|
"apple2.rom",
|
|
"apple2-character.rom"
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
if(!roms[0] || !roms[1] || !roms[2]) return false;
|
|
|
|
apple2_rom_ = std::move(*roms[0]);
|
|
apple2plus_rom_ = std::move(*roms[1]);
|
|
|
|
character_rom_ = std::move(*roms[2]);
|
|
|
|
rom_fetcher_ = roms_with_names;
|
|
|
|
return true;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
void run_for(const Cycles cycles) override {
|
|
m6502_.run_for(cycles);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
void set_key_pressed(Key key, char value, bool is_pressed) override {
|
|
if(key == Key::F12) {
|
|
m6502_.set_reset_line(is_pressed);
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if(is_pressed) {
|
|
// If no ASCII value is supplied, look for a few special cases.
|
|
if(!value) {
|
|
switch(key) {
|
|
case Key::Left: value = 8; break;
|
|
case Key::Right: value = 21; break;
|
|
case Key::Down: value = 10; break;
|
|
default: break;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
keyboard_input_ = static_cast<uint8_t>(toupper(value) | 0x80);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Inputs::Keyboard &get_keyboard() override {
|
|
return *this;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
void type_string(const std::string &string) override {
|
|
string_serialiser_.reset(new Utility::StringSerialiser(string, true));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// MARK: ConfigurationTarget
|
|
void configure_as_target(const Analyser::Static::Target *target) override {
|
|
using Target = Analyser::Static::AppleII::Target;
|
|
auto *const apple_target = dynamic_cast<const Target *>(target);
|
|
|
|
if(apple_target->disk_controller != Target::DiskController::None) {
|
|
// Apple recommended slot 6 for the (first) Disk II.
|
|
install_card(6, new AppleII::DiskIICard(rom_fetcher_, apple_target->disk_controller == Target::DiskController::SixteenSector));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
rom_ = (apple_target->model == Target::Model::II) ? apple2_rom_ : apple2plus_rom_;
|
|
if(rom_.size() > 12*1024) {
|
|
rom_.erase(rom_.begin(), rom_.begin() + static_cast<off_t>(rom_.size()) - 12*1024);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Set up the default memory blocks.
|
|
memory_blocks_[0].read_pointer = memory_blocks_[0].write_pointer = ram_;
|
|
memory_blocks_[1].read_pointer = memory_blocks_[1].write_pointer = &ram_[0x200];
|
|
set_language_card_paging();
|
|
|
|
insert_media(apple_target->media);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
bool insert_media(const Analyser::Static::Media &media) override {
|
|
if(!media.disks.empty()) {
|
|
auto diskii = diskii_card();
|
|
if(diskii) diskii->set_disk(media.disks[0], 0);
|
|
}
|
|
return true;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// MARK: Activity::Source
|
|
void set_activity_observer(Activity::Observer *observer) override {
|
|
for(const auto &card: cards_) {
|
|
if(card) card->set_activity_observer(observer);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// MARK: Options
|
|
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Configurable::Option>> get_options() override {
|
|
return AppleII::get_options();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
void set_selections(const Configurable::SelectionSet &selections_by_option) override {
|
|
bool quickload;
|
|
if(Configurable::get_quick_load_tape(selections_by_option, quickload)) {
|
|
should_load_quickly_ = quickload;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Configurable::SelectionSet get_accurate_selections() override {
|
|
Configurable::SelectionSet selection_set;
|
|
Configurable::append_quick_load_tape_selection(selection_set, false);
|
|
return selection_set;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Configurable::SelectionSet get_user_friendly_selections() override {
|
|
Configurable::SelectionSet selection_set;
|
|
Configurable::append_quick_load_tape_selection(selection_set, true);
|
|
return selection_set;
|
|
}
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
using namespace AppleII;
|
|
|
|
Machine *Machine::AppleII() {
|
|
return new ConcreteMachine;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Machine::~Machine() {}
|