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CLK/Machines/Apple/AppleIIgs/Video.cpp
2021-09-09 20:08:15 -04:00

815 lines
28 KiB
C++

//
// Video.cpp
// Clock Signal
//
// Created by Thomas Harte on 31/10/2020.
// Copyright © 2020 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
//
#include "Video.hpp"
using namespace Apple::IIgs::Video;
namespace {
constexpr int CyclesPerTick = 7; // One 'tick' being the non-stretched length of a cycle on the old Apple II 1Mhz clock.
constexpr int CyclesPerLine = 456; // Each of the Mega II's cycles lasts 7 cycles, making 455/line except for the
// final on on a line which lasts an additional 1 (i.e. is 1/7th longer).
constexpr int Lines = 262;
constexpr int FinalPixelLine = 192;
constexpr auto FinalColumn = CyclesPerLine / CyclesPerTick;
// Converts from Apple's RGB ordering to this emulator's.
#if TARGET_RT_BIG_ENDIAN
#define PaletteConvulve(x) uint16_t(x)
#else
#define PaletteConvulve(x) uint16_t(((x&0xf00) >> 8) | ((x&0x0ff) << 8))
#endif
// The 12-bit values used by the Apple IIgs to approximate Apple II colours,
// as implied by tech note #63's use of them as border colours.
// http://www.1000bit.it/support/manuali/apple/technotes/iigs/tn.iigs.063.html
constexpr uint16_t appleii_palette[16] = {
PaletteConvulve(0x0000), // Black.
PaletteConvulve(0x0d03), // Deep Red.
PaletteConvulve(0x0009), // Dark Blue.
PaletteConvulve(0x0d2d), // Purple.
PaletteConvulve(0x0072), // Dark Green.
PaletteConvulve(0x0555), // Dark Gray.
PaletteConvulve(0x022f), // Medium Blue.
PaletteConvulve(0x06af), // Light Blue.
PaletteConvulve(0x0850), // Brown.
PaletteConvulve(0x0f60), // Orange.
PaletteConvulve(0x0aaa), // Light Grey.
PaletteConvulve(0x0f98), // Pink.
PaletteConvulve(0x01d0), // Light Green.
PaletteConvulve(0x0ff0), // Yellow.
PaletteConvulve(0x04f9), // Aquamarine.
PaletteConvulve(0x0fff), // White.
};
// Reasoned guesswork ahoy!
//
// The IIgs VGC can fetch four bytes per column — I'm unclear physically how, but that's definitely true
// since the IIgs modes packs 160 bytes work of graphics into the Apple II's usual 40-cycle fetch area;
// it's possible that if I understood the meaning of the linear video bit in the new video flag I'd know more.
//
// Super Hi-Res also fetches 16*2 = 32 bytes of palette and a control byte sometime before each row.
// So it needs five windows for that.
//
// Guessing four cycles of sync, I've chosen to arrange one output row for this emulator as:
//
// 5 cycles of back porch; [TODO: include a colour burst]
// 8 windows left border, the final five of which fetch palette and control if in IIgs mode;
// 40 windows of pixel output;
// 8 cycles of right border;
// 4 cycles of sync (including the extra 1/7th window, as it has to go _somewhere_).
//
// Otherwise, the first 200 rows may be pixels and the 192 in the middle of those are the II set.
constexpr int first_sync_line = 220; // A complete guess. Information needed.
constexpr int blank_ticks = 5;
constexpr int left_border_ticks = 8;
constexpr int pixel_ticks = 40;
constexpr int right_border_ticks = 8;
constexpr int start_of_left_border = blank_ticks;
constexpr int start_of_pixels = start_of_left_border + left_border_ticks;
constexpr int start_of_right_border = start_of_pixels + pixel_ticks;
constexpr int start_of_sync = start_of_right_border + right_border_ticks;
constexpr int sync_period = CyclesPerLine - start_of_sync*CyclesPerTick;
// I have made the guess that this occurs when the Mega II horizontal counter rolls over.
// This is just a guess.
constexpr int megaii_interrupt_point = 192*CyclesPerLine + (start_of_pixels - 28)*CyclesPerTick - 2;
// A table to map from 7-bit integers to 14-bit versions with all bits doubled.
constexpr uint16_t double_bytes[128] = {
0x0000, 0x0003, 0x000c, 0x000f, 0x0030, 0x0033, 0x003c, 0x003f,
0x00c0, 0x00c3, 0x00cc, 0x00cf, 0x00f0, 0x00f3, 0x00fc, 0x00ff,
0x0300, 0x0303, 0x030c, 0x030f, 0x0330, 0x0333, 0x033c, 0x033f,
0x03c0, 0x03c3, 0x03cc, 0x03cf, 0x03f0, 0x03f3, 0x03fc, 0x03ff,
0x0c00, 0x0c03, 0x0c0c, 0x0c0f, 0x0c30, 0x0c33, 0x0c3c, 0x0c3f,
0x0cc0, 0x0cc3, 0x0ccc, 0x0ccf, 0x0cf0, 0x0cf3, 0x0cfc, 0x0cff,
0x0f00, 0x0f03, 0x0f0c, 0x0f0f, 0x0f30, 0x0f33, 0x0f3c, 0x0f3f,
0x0fc0, 0x0fc3, 0x0fcc, 0x0fcf, 0x0ff0, 0x0ff3, 0x0ffc, 0x0fff,
0x3000, 0x3003, 0x300c, 0x300f, 0x3030, 0x3033, 0x303c, 0x303f,
0x30c0, 0x30c3, 0x30cc, 0x30cf, 0x30f0, 0x30f3, 0x30fc, 0x30ff,
0x3300, 0x3303, 0x330c, 0x330f, 0x3330, 0x3333, 0x333c, 0x333f,
0x33c0, 0x33c3, 0x33cc, 0x33cf, 0x33f0, 0x33f3, 0x33fc, 0x33ff,
0x3c00, 0x3c03, 0x3c0c, 0x3c0f, 0x3c30, 0x3c33, 0x3c3c, 0x3c3f,
0x3cc0, 0x3cc3, 0x3ccc, 0x3ccf, 0x3cf0, 0x3cf3, 0x3cfc, 0x3cff,
0x3f00, 0x3f03, 0x3f0c, 0x3f0f, 0x3f30, 0x3f33, 0x3f3c, 0x3f3f,
0x3fc0, 0x3fc3, 0x3fcc, 0x3fcf, 0x3ff0, 0x3ff3, 0x3ffc, 0x3fff,
};
}
Video::Video() :
VideoSwitches<Cycles>(true, Cycles(2), [this] (Cycles cycles) { advance(cycles); }),
crt_(CyclesPerLine - 1, 1, Outputs::Display::Type::NTSC60, Outputs::Display::InputDataType::Red4Green4Blue4) {
crt_.set_display_type(Outputs::Display::DisplayType::RGB);
crt_.set_visible_area(Outputs::Display::Rect(0.097f, 0.1f, 0.85f, 0.85f));
// Reduce the initial bounce by cueing up the part of the frame that initial drawing actually
// starts with. More or less.
crt_.output_blank(228*63*2);
// Establish the shift lookup table for NTSC -> RGB output.
for(size_t c = 0; c < sizeof(ntsc_delay_lookup_) / sizeof(*ntsc_delay_lookup_); c++) {
const auto old_delay = c >> 2;
// If delay is 3, 2, 1 or 0 the output is just that minus 1.
// Otherwise the output is either still 4, or 3 if the two lowest bits don't match.
if(old_delay < 4) {
ntsc_delay_lookup_[c] = (old_delay > 0) ? uint8_t(old_delay - 1) : 4;
} else {
ntsc_delay_lookup_[c] = (c&1) == ((c >> 1)&1) ? 4 : 3;
}
ntsc_delay_lookup_[c] = 4;
}
}
void Video::set_scan_target(Outputs::Display::ScanTarget *scan_target) {
crt_.set_scan_target(scan_target);
}
Outputs::Display::ScanStatus Video::get_scaled_scan_status() const {
return crt_.get_scaled_scan_status();
}
void Video::set_display_type(Outputs::Display::DisplayType display_type) {
crt_.set_display_type(display_type);
}
Outputs::Display::DisplayType Video::get_display_type() const {
return crt_.get_display_type();
}
void Video::set_internal_ram(const uint8_t *ram) {
ram_ = ram;
}
void Video::advance(Cycles cycles) {
const int next_cycles_into_frame = cycles_into_frame_ + cycles.as<int>();
// Check for Mega II-style interrupt sources, prior to updating cycles_into_frame_.
if(cycles_into_frame_ < megaii_interrupt_point && next_cycles_into_frame >= megaii_interrupt_point) {
++megaii_frame_counter_;
megaii_interrupt_state_ |= 0x08 | (megaii_frame_counter_ & 0x10);
megaii_frame_counter_ &= 15;
// The "quarter second interrupt" is also called the "3.75Hz interrupt" elsewhere.
// So trigger it every 16 frames.
}
// Update video output.
const int column_start = (cycles_into_frame_ % CyclesPerLine) / CyclesPerTick;
const int row_start = cycles_into_frame_ / CyclesPerLine;
cycles_into_frame_ = next_cycles_into_frame % (CyclesPerLine * Lines);
const int column_end = (cycles_into_frame_ % CyclesPerLine) / CyclesPerTick;
const int row_end = cycles_into_frame_ / CyclesPerLine;
if(row_end == row_start) {
if(column_end != column_start) {
output_row(row_start, column_start, column_end);
}
} else {
if(column_start != FinalColumn) {
output_row(row_start, column_start, FinalColumn);
}
for(int row = row_start+1; row != row_end; row = (row + 1)%Lines) {
output_row(row, 0, FinalColumn);
}
if(column_end) {
output_row(row_end, 0, column_end);
}
}
}
Cycles Video::get_next_sequence_point() const {
const int cycles_into_row = cycles_into_frame_ % CyclesPerLine;
const int row = cycles_into_frame_ / CyclesPerLine;
constexpr int sequence_point_offset = (blank_ticks + left_border_ticks) * CyclesPerTick;
// Seed as the distance to the next row 0.
int result = CyclesPerLine + sequence_point_offset - cycles_into_row + (Lines - row - 1)*CyclesPerLine;
// Replace with the start of the next line, if closer.
if(row <= 200) {
if(cycles_into_row < sequence_point_offset) return Cycles(sequence_point_offset - cycles_into_row);
if(row < 200) result = CyclesPerLine + sequence_point_offset - cycles_into_row;
}
// Replace with the next Mega II interrupt point if those are enabled and it is sooner.
if(megaii_interrupt_mask_) {
const int time_until_megaii = megaii_interrupt_point - cycles_into_frame_;
if(time_until_megaii > 0 && time_until_megaii < result) {
result = time_until_megaii;
}
}
return Cycles(result);
}
void Video::output_row(int row, int start, int end) {
// Deal with vertical sync.
if(row >= first_sync_line && row < first_sync_line + 3) {
// Simplification: just output the whole line at line's end.
if(end == FinalColumn) {
crt_.output_sync(CyclesPerLine - sync_period);
crt_.output_blank(sync_period);
}
return;
}
// Pixel or pure border => blank as usual.
// Output blank only at the end of its window.
if(start < blank_ticks && end >= blank_ticks) {
crt_.output_blank(blank_ticks * CyclesPerTick);
start = blank_ticks;
if(start == end) return;
}
// The pixel buffer will actually be allocated a column early, to allow double high/low res to start
// half a column before everything else.
constexpr int pixel_buffer_allocation = start_of_pixels - 1;
// Possibly output border, pixels, border, if this is a pixel line.
if(row < 192 + ((new_video_&0x80) >> 4)) { // i.e. 192 lines for classic Apple II video, 200 for IIgs video.
// Output left border as far as currently known.
if(start >= start_of_left_border && start < pixel_buffer_allocation) {
const int end_of_period = std::min(pixel_buffer_allocation, end);
if(border_colour_) {
uint16_t *const pixel = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(crt_.begin_data(2, 2));
if(pixel) *pixel = border_colour_;
crt_.output_data((end_of_period - start) * CyclesPerTick, 1);
} else {
crt_.output_blank((end_of_period - start) * CyclesPerTick);
}
start = end_of_period;
if(start == end) return;
}
assert(end > start);
// Fetch and output such pixels as it is time for.
if(start >= pixel_buffer_allocation && start < start_of_right_border) {
const int end_of_period = std::min(start_of_right_border, end);
const auto mode = graphics_mode(row);
if(start == pixel_buffer_allocation) {
// YUCKY HACK. I do not know when the IIgs fetches its super high-res palette
// and control byte. Since I do not know, any guess is equally likely negatively
// to affect software. Therefore this hack is as good as any other guess:
// assume RAM has magical burst bandwidth, and fetch the whole set instantly.
// I could spread this stuff out to allow for real bandwidth, but it'd likely be
// no more accurate, while having less of an obvious I-HACKED-THIS red flag attached.
line_control_ = ram_[0x19d00 + row];
const int palette_base = (line_control_ & 15) * 32 + 0x19e00;
for(int c = 0; c < 16; c++) {
const int entry = ram_[palette_base + (c << 1)] | (ram_[palette_base + (c << 1) + 1] << 8);
palette_[c] = PaletteConvulve(entry);
}
// Post an interrupt if requested.
if(line_control_ & 0x40) {
set_interrupts(0x20);
}
// Set up appropriately for fill mode (or not).
for(int c = 0; c < 4; c++) {
palette_zero_[c] = (line_control_ & 0x20) ? &palette_[c * 4] : &palette_throwaway_;
}
// Reset NTSC decoding and total line buffering.
ntsc_delay_ = 4;
pixels_start_column_ = start;
}
if(!next_pixel_ || pixels_format_ != format_for_mode(mode)) {
// Flush anything already in a buffer.
if(pixels_start_column_ < start) {
crt_.output_data((start - pixels_start_column_) * CyclesPerTick, next_pixel_ ? size_t(next_pixel_ - pixels_) : 1);
next_pixel_ = pixels_ = nullptr;
}
// Allocate a new buffer; 640 plus one column is as bad as it gets.
// TODO: make proper size estimate?
next_pixel_ = pixels_ = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(crt_.begin_data(656, 2));
pixels_start_column_ = start;
pixels_format_ = format_for_mode(mode);
}
if(next_pixel_) {
int window_start = start - start_of_pixels;
const int window_end = end_of_period - start_of_pixels;
// Fill in border colour if this is the first column.
if(window_start == -1) {
if(next_pixel_) {
int extra_border_length;
switch(mode) {
case GraphicsMode::DoubleText:
case GraphicsMode::Text:
case GraphicsMode::DoubleHighRes:
case GraphicsMode::DoubleLowRes:
case GraphicsMode::DoubleHighResMono:
extra_border_length = 7;
break;
case GraphicsMode::HighRes:
case GraphicsMode::LowRes:
case GraphicsMode::FatLowRes:
extra_border_length = 14;
break;
case GraphicsMode::SuperHighRes:
extra_border_length = (line_control_ & 0x80) ? 16 : 8;
break;
default: // Unreachable.
extra_border_length = 0;
break;
}
for(int c = 0; c < extra_border_length; c++) {
next_pixel_[c] = border_colour_;
}
next_pixel_ += extra_border_length;
}
++window_start;
if(window_start == window_end) return;
}
switch(mode) {
case GraphicsMode::SuperHighRes:
next_pixel_ = output_super_high_res(next_pixel_, window_start, window_end, row);
break;
case GraphicsMode::Text:
next_pixel_ = output_text(next_pixel_, window_start, window_end, row);
break;
case GraphicsMode::DoubleText:
next_pixel_ = output_double_text(next_pixel_, window_start, window_end, row);
break;
case GraphicsMode::FatLowRes:
next_pixel_ = output_fat_low_resolution(next_pixel_, window_start, window_end, row);
break;
case GraphicsMode::LowRes:
next_pixel_ = output_low_resolution(next_pixel_, window_start, window_end, row);
break;
case GraphicsMode::DoubleLowRes:
next_pixel_ = output_double_low_resolution(next_pixel_, window_start, window_end, row);
break;
case GraphicsMode::HighRes:
next_pixel_ = output_high_resolution(next_pixel_, window_start, window_end, row);
break;
case GraphicsMode::DoubleHighRes:
next_pixel_ = output_double_high_resolution(next_pixel_, window_start, window_end, row);
break;
case GraphicsMode::DoubleHighResMono:
next_pixel_ = output_double_high_resolution_mono(next_pixel_, window_start, window_end, row);
break;
default:
assert(false); // i.e. other modes yet to do.
}
}
if(end_of_period == start_of_right_border) {
// Flush what remains in the NTSC queue, if applicable.
// TODO: with real NTSC test, why not?
if(next_pixel_ && is_colour_ntsc(mode)) {
ntsc_shift_ >>= 14;
next_pixel_ = output_shift(next_pixel_, 81);
}
crt_.output_data((start_of_right_border - pixels_start_column_) * CyclesPerTick, next_pixel_ ? size_t(next_pixel_ - pixels_) : 1);
next_pixel_ = pixels_ = nullptr;
}
start = end_of_period;
if(start == end) return;
}
assert(end > start);
// Output right border as far as currently known.
if(start >= start_of_right_border && start < start_of_sync) {
const int end_of_period = std::min(start_of_sync, end);
if(border_colour_) {
uint16_t *const pixel = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(crt_.begin_data(2, 2));
if(pixel) *pixel = border_colour_;
crt_.output_data((end_of_period - start) * CyclesPerTick, 1);
} else {
crt_.output_blank((end_of_period - start) * CyclesPerTick);
}
// There's no point updating start here; just fall
// through to the end == FinalColumn test.
}
} else {
// This line is all border, all the time.
if(start >= start_of_left_border && start < start_of_sync) {
const int end_of_period = std::min(start_of_sync, end);
if(border_colour_) {
uint16_t *const pixel = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(crt_.begin_data(2, 2));
if(pixel) *pixel = border_colour_;
crt_.output_data((end_of_period - start) * CyclesPerTick, 1);
} else {
crt_.output_blank((end_of_period - start) * CyclesPerTick);
}
start = end_of_period;
if(start == end) return;
}
}
// Output sync if the moment has arrived.
if(end == FinalColumn) {
crt_.output_sync(sync_period);
}
}
bool Video::get_is_vertical_blank(Cycles offset) {
// Cf. http://www.1000bit.it/support/manuali/apple/technotes/iigs/tn.iigs.040.html ;
// this bit covers the entire vertical border area, not just the NTSC-sense vertical blank,
// and considers the border to begin at 192 even though Super High-res mode is 200 lines.
return (cycles_into_frame_ + offset.as<int>())%(Lines * CyclesPerLine) >= FinalPixelLine * CyclesPerLine;
}
Video::Counters Video::get_counters(Cycles offset) {
// Tech note #39:
//
// "The seven-bit horizontal counter starts at $00 and counts from $40 to $7F (the sequence
// is $00, $40, $41,...,$7E, $7F, $00, $40,...). The active video time consists of 40 one
// microsecond clock cycles starting with $58 and ending with $7F."
//
// "The nine-bit vertical counter ranges from $FA through $1FF (250 through 511) in NTSC mode
// (vertical line count of 262) and from $C8 through $1FF (200 through 511) in PAL video timing
// mode (vertical line count of 312). Vertical counter value $100 corresponds to scan line
// zero in NTSC mode."
// Work out the internal offset into frame; a modulo willoccur momentarily...
auto cycles_into_frame = cycles_into_frame_ + offset.as<int>();
// Nudge slightly so that the regular start of line matches mine.
// TODO: reorient my drawing around the native offsets?
cycles_into_frame = (cycles_into_frame + 25 - start_of_pixels)%(Lines * CyclesPerLine);
// Break it down.
const auto cycles_into_line = (cycles_into_frame % CyclesPerLine) / CyclesPerTick;
auto lines_into_frame = cycles_into_frame / CyclesPerLine;
lines_into_frame += 0x100;
return Counters(
lines_into_frame - ((lines_into_frame / 0x200) * 0x106), // TODO: this assumes NTSC.
cycles_into_line + bool(cycles_into_line) * 0x40);
}
uint8_t Video::get_horizontal_counter(Cycles offset) {
const auto counters = get_counters(offset);
return uint8_t(counters.horizontal | (counters.vertical << 7));
}
uint8_t Video::get_vertical_counter(Cycles offset) {
const auto counters = get_counters(offset);
return uint8_t(counters.vertical >> 1);
}
void Video::set_new_video(uint8_t new_video) {
new_video_ = new_video;
}
uint8_t Video::get_new_video() {
return new_video_;
}
void Video::clear_interrupts(uint8_t mask) {
set_interrupts(interrupts_ & ~(mask & 0x60));
}
void Video::set_interrupt_register(uint8_t mask) {
set_interrupts(interrupts_ | (mask & 0x6));
}
uint8_t Video::get_interrupt_register() {
return interrupts_;
}
bool Video::get_interrupt_line() {
return (interrupts_&0x80) || (megaii_interrupt_mask_&megaii_interrupt_state_);
}
void Video::set_megaii_interrupts_enabled(uint8_t mask) {
megaii_interrupt_mask_ = mask;
}
uint8_t Video::get_megaii_interrupt_status() {
return megaii_interrupt_state_ | (get_annunciator_3() ? 0x20 : 0x00);
}
void Video::clear_megaii_interrupts() {
megaii_interrupt_state_ = 0;
}
void Video::notify_clock_tick() {
set_interrupts(interrupts_ | 0x40);
}
void Video::set_interrupts(uint8_t new_value) {
interrupts_ = new_value & 0x7f;
if((interrupts_ >> 4) & interrupts_ & 0x6)
interrupts_ |= 0x80;
}
void Video::set_border_colour(uint8_t colour) {
border_colour_entry_ = colour & 0x0f;
border_colour_ = appleii_palette[border_colour_entry_];
}
uint8_t Video::get_border_colour() {
return border_colour_entry_;
}
void Video::set_text_colour(uint8_t colour) {
text_colour_entry_ = colour;
text_colour_ = appleii_palette[colour >> 4];
background_colour_ = appleii_palette[colour & 0xf];
}
uint8_t Video::get_text_colour() {
return text_colour_entry_;
}
void Video::set_composite_is_colour(bool) {
// TODO.
}
bool Video::get_composite_is_colour() {
return true;
}
// MARK: - Outputters.
uint16_t *Video::output_char(uint16_t *target, uint8_t source, int row) const {
const int character = source & character_zones_[source >> 6].address_mask;
const uint8_t xor_mask = character_zones_[source >> 6].xor_mask;
const std::size_t character_address = size_t(character << 3) + (row & 7);
const uint8_t character_pattern = character_rom_[character_address] ^ xor_mask;
const uint16_t colours[2] = {background_colour_, text_colour_};
target[0] = colours[(character_pattern & 0x40) >> 6];
target[1] = colours[(character_pattern & 0x20) >> 5];
target[2] = colours[(character_pattern & 0x10) >> 4];
target[3] = colours[(character_pattern & 0x08) >> 3];
target[4] = colours[(character_pattern & 0x04) >> 2];
target[5] = colours[(character_pattern & 0x02) >> 1];
target[6] = colours[(character_pattern & 0x01) >> 0];
return target + 7;
}
uint16_t *Video::output_text(uint16_t *target, int start, int end, int row) const {
const uint16_t row_address = get_row_address(row);
for(int c = start; c < end; c++) {
target = output_char(target, ram_[row_address + c], row);
}
return target;
}
uint16_t *Video::output_double_text(uint16_t *target, int start, int end, int row) const {
const uint16_t row_address = get_row_address(row);
for(int c = start; c < end; c++) {
target = output_char(target, ram_[0x10000 + row_address + c], row);
target = output_char(target, ram_[row_address + c], row);
}
return target;
}
uint16_t *Video::output_super_high_res(uint16_t *target, int start, int end, int row) const {
const int row_address = row * 160 + 0x12000;
// The palette_zero_ writes ensure that palette colour 0 is replaced by whatever was last output,
// if fill mode is enabled. Otherwise they go to throwaway storage.
if(line_control_ & 0x80) {
for(int c = start * 4; c < end * 4; c++) {
const uint8_t source = ram_[row_address + c];
*palette_zero_[3] = target[0] = palette_[0x8 + ((source >> 6) & 0x3)];
*palette_zero_[0] = target[1] = palette_[0xc + ((source >> 4) & 0x3)];
*palette_zero_[1] = target[2] = palette_[0x0 + ((source >> 2) & 0x3)];
*palette_zero_[2] = target[3] = palette_[0x4 + ((source >> 0) & 0x3)];
target += 4;
}
} else {
for(int c = start * 4; c < end * 4; c++) {
const uint8_t source = ram_[row_address + c];
*palette_zero_[0] = target[0] = palette_[(source >> 4) & 0xf];
*palette_zero_[0] = target[1] = palette_[source & 0xf];
target += 2;
}
}
return target;
}
uint16_t *Video::output_double_high_resolution_mono(uint16_t *target, int start, int end, int row) {
const uint16_t row_address = get_row_address(row);
constexpr uint16_t colours[] = {0, 0xffff};
for(int c = start; c < end; c++) {
const uint8_t source[2] = {
ram_[0x10000 + row_address + c],
ram_[row_address + c],
};
target[0] = colours[(source[1] >> 0) & 0x1];
target[1] = colours[(source[1] >> 1) & 0x1];
target[2] = colours[(source[1] >> 2) & 0x1];
target[3] = colours[(source[1] >> 3) & 0x1];
target[4] = colours[(source[1] >> 4) & 0x1];
target[5] = colours[(source[1] >> 5) & 0x1];
target[6] = colours[(source[1] >> 6) & 0x1];
target[7] = colours[(source[0] >> 0) & 0x1];
target[8] = colours[(source[0] >> 1) & 0x1];
target[9] = colours[(source[0] >> 2) & 0x1];
target[10] = colours[(source[0] >> 3) & 0x1];
target[11] = colours[(source[0] >> 4) & 0x1];
target[12] = colours[(source[0] >> 5) & 0x1];
target[13] = colours[(source[0] >> 6) & 0x1];
target += 14;
}
return target;
}
uint16_t *Video::output_low_resolution(uint16_t *target, int start, int end, int row) {
const int row_shift = row&4;
const uint16_t row_address = get_row_address(row);
for(int c = start; c < end; c++) {
const uint8_t source = (ram_[row_address + c] >> row_shift) & 0xf;
// Convulve input as a function of odd/even row.
uint32_t long_source;
if(c&1) {
long_source = uint32_t((source >> 2) | (source << 2) | (source << 6) | (source << 10));
} else {
long_source = uint32_t((source | (source << 4) | (source << 8) | (source << 12)) & 0x3fff);
}
ntsc_shift_ = (long_source << 18) | (ntsc_shift_ >> 14);
target = output_shift(target, 1 + c*2);
}
return target;
}
uint16_t *Video::output_fat_low_resolution(uint16_t *target, int start, int end, int row) {
const int row_shift = row&4;
const uint16_t row_address = get_row_address(row);
for(int c = start; c < end; c++) {
const uint32_t doubled_source = uint32_t(double_bytes[(ram_[row_address + c] >> row_shift) & 0xf]);
const uint32_t long_source = doubled_source | (doubled_source << 8);
// TODO: verify the above.
ntsc_shift_ = (long_source << 18) | (ntsc_shift_ >> 14);
target = output_shift(target, 1 + c*2);
}
return target;
}
uint16_t *Video::output_double_low_resolution(uint16_t *target, int start, int end, int row) {
const int row_shift = row&4;
const uint16_t row_address = get_row_address(row);
for(int c = start; c < end; c++) {
const uint8_t source[2] = {
uint8_t((ram_[row_address + c] >> row_shift) & 0xf),
uint8_t((ram_[0x10000 + row_address + c] >> row_shift) & 0xf)
};
// Convulve input as a function of odd/even row; this is very much like low
// resolution mode except that the first 7 bits to be output will come from
// source[1] and the next 7 from source[0]. Also shifting is offset by
// half a window compared to regular low resolution, so the conditional
// works the other way around.
uint32_t long_source;
if(c&1) {
long_source = uint32_t((source[1] | ((source[1] << 4) & 0x70) | ((source[0] << 4) & 0x80) | (source[0] << 8) | (source[0] << 12)) & 0x3fff);
} else {
long_source = uint32_t((source[1] >> 2) | (source[1] << 2) | ((source[1] << 6) & 0x40) | ((source[0] << 6) & 0x380) | (source[0] << 10));
}
ntsc_shift_ = (long_source << 18) | (ntsc_shift_ >> 14);
target = output_shift(target, c*2);
}
return target;
}
uint16_t *Video::output_high_resolution(uint16_t *target, int start, int end, int row) {
const uint16_t row_address = get_row_address(row);
for(int c = start; c < end; c++) {
uint8_t source = ram_[row_address + c];
const uint32_t doubled_source = uint32_t(double_bytes[source & 0x7f]);
// Just append new bits, doubled up (and possibly delayed).
// TODO: I can kill the conditional here. Probably?
if(source & high_resolution_mask_ & 0x80) {
ntsc_shift_ = ((doubled_source & 0x1fff) << 19) | ((ntsc_shift_ >> 13) & 0x40000) | (ntsc_shift_ >> 14);
} else {
ntsc_shift_ = (doubled_source << 18) | (ntsc_shift_ >> 14);
}
target = output_shift(target, 1 + c*2);
}
return target;
}
uint16_t *Video::output_double_high_resolution(uint16_t *target, int start, int end, int row) {
const uint16_t row_address = get_row_address(row);
for(int c = start; c < end; c++) {
const uint8_t source[2] = {
ram_[0x10000 + row_address + c],
ram_[row_address + c],
};
ntsc_shift_ = unsigned(source[1] << 25) | unsigned(source[0] << 18) | (ntsc_shift_ >> 14);
target = output_shift(target, c*2);
}
return target;
}
uint16_t *Video::output_shift(uint16_t *target, int column) {
// Make sure that at least two columns are enqueued before output begins;
// the top bits can't be understood without reference to bits that come afterwards.
if(!column) {
ntsc_shift_ |= ntsc_shift_ >> 14;
return target;
}
// Phase here is kind of arbitrary; it pairs off with the order
// I've picked for my rolls table and with my decision to count
// columns as aligned with double-mode.
const int phase = column * 7 + 3;
constexpr uint8_t rolls[4][16] = {
{
0x0, 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5, 0x6, 0x7, 0x8, 0x9, 0xa, 0xb, 0xc, 0xd, 0xe, 0xf
},
{
0x0, 0x2, 0x4, 0x6, 0x8, 0xa, 0xc, 0xe,
0x1, 0x3, 0x5, 0x7, 0x9, 0xb, 0xd, 0xf
},
{
0x0, 0x4, 0x8, 0xc, 0x1, 0x5, 0x9, 0xd,
0x2, 0x6, 0xa, 0xe, 0x3, 0x7, 0xb, 0xf
},
{
0x0, 0x8, 0x1, 0x9, 0x2, 0xa, 0x3, 0xb,
0x4, 0xc, 0x5, 0xd, 0x6, 0xe, 0x7, 0xf
},
};
#define OutputPixel(offset) {\
ntsc_delay_ = ntsc_delay_lookup_[unsigned(ntsc_delay_ << 2) | ((ntsc_shift_ >> offset)&1) | ((ntsc_shift_ >> (offset + 3))&2)]; \
const auto raw_bits = (ntsc_shift_ >> (offset + ntsc_delay_)) & 0x0f; \
target[offset] = appleii_palette[rolls[(phase + offset + ntsc_delay_)&3][raw_bits]]; \
}
OutputPixel(0);
OutputPixel(1);
OutputPixel(2);
OutputPixel(3);
OutputPixel(4);
OutputPixel(5);
OutputPixel(6);
OutputPixel(7);
OutputPixel(8);
OutputPixel(9);
OutputPixel(10);
OutputPixel(11);
OutputPixel(12);
OutputPixel(13);
#undef OutputPixel
return target + 14;
}