1
0
mirror of https://github.com/TomHarte/CLK.git synced 2024-11-22 12:33:29 +00:00
CLK/Machines/Apple/AppleIIgs/MemoryMap.hpp
2020-12-10 22:47:11 -05:00

620 lines
23 KiB
C++
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

//
// MemoryMap.hpp
// Clock Signal
//
// Created by Thomas Harte on 25/10/2020.
// Copyright © 2020 Thomas Harte. All rights reserved.
//
#ifndef Machines_Apple_AppleIIgs_MemoryMap_hpp
#define Machines_Apple_AppleIIgs_MemoryMap_hpp
#include <array>
#include <vector>
#include "../AppleII/LanguageCardSwitches.hpp"
#include "../AppleII/AuxiliaryMemorySwitches.hpp"
namespace Apple {
namespace IIgs {
class MemoryMap {
public:
// MARK: - Initial construction and configuration.
MemoryMap() : auxiliary_switches_(*this), language_card_(*this) {}
void set_storage(std::vector<uint8_t> &ram, std::vector<uint8_t> &rom) {
// Keep a pointer for later; also note the proper RAM offset.
ram_base = ram.data();
shadow_base[1] = &ram[ram.size() - 0x02'0000]; // i.e. all shadowed writes go somewhere in the last
// 128bk of RAM.
// Establish bank mapping.
uint8_t next_region = 0;
auto region = [&next_region, this]() -> uint8_t {
assert(next_region != regions.size());
return next_region++;
};
auto set_region = [this](uint8_t bank, uint16_t start, uint16_t end, uint8_t region) {
assert((end == 0xffff) || !(end&0xff));
assert(!(start&0xff));
// Fill in memory map.
size_t target = size_t((bank << 8) | (start >> 8));
for(int c = start; c < end; c += 0x100) {
region_map[target] = region;
++target;
}
};
auto set_regions = [this, set_region, region](uint8_t bank, std::initializer_list<uint16_t> addresses, std::vector<uint8_t> allocated_regions = {}) {
uint16_t previous = 0x0000;
auto next_region = allocated_regions.begin();
for(uint16_t address: addresses) {
set_region(bank, previous, address, next_region != allocated_regions.end() ? *next_region : region());
previous = address;
assert(next_region != allocated_regions.end() || allocated_regions.empty());
if(next_region != allocated_regions.end()) ++next_region;
}
assert(next_region == allocated_regions.end());
};
// Current beliefs about the IIgs memory map:
//
// * language card banking applies to banks $00, $01, $e0 and $e1;
// * auxiliary memory switches apply to bank $e0 only, but thereby also affect shadowed writes from $00;
// * shadowing may be enabled only on banks $00 and $01, or on all RAM pages; and
// * whether bit 16 of the address is passed to the Mega II is selectable — this affects both the destination
// of odd-bank shadows, and whether bank $e1 is actually distinct from $e0.
//
// So:
//
// * banks $00 and $01 need to be divided both by shadowing zones and by the language card;
// * all other fast RAM banks need be divided by shadowing zone only;
// * $e0 needs to be ready for any language/auxiliary arrangement;
// * $e1 needs to apply the language card mapping only; and
// * ROM banks don't need to be divided? Or probably they shadow writes back to $e0/$e1 too?
// Shadowing zones:
//
// $0400$0800 Text Page 1
// $0800$0C00 Text Page 2 [ROM 03 machines]
// $2000$4000 High-res Page 1, and Super High-res in odd banks
// $4000$6000 High-res Page 2, and Huper High-res in odd banks
// $6000$a000 Odd banks only, rest of Super High-res
// [plus IO and language card space, subject to your definition of shadowing]
// Language card zones:
//
// $D000$E000 4kb window, into either bank 1 or bank 2
// $E000end 12kb window, always the same RAM.
// Auxiliary zones:
//
// $0000$0200 Zero page (and stack)
// $0200$0400 [space in between]
// $0400$0800 Text Page 1
// $0800$2000 [space in between]
// $2000$4000 High-res Page 1
// $4000$C000 [space in between]
// Card zones:
//
// $C100$C2FF either cards or IIe-style ROM
// $C300$C3FF IIe-supplied 80-column card replacement ROM
// $C400$C7FF either cards or IIe-style ROM
// $C800$CFFF Standard extended card area
// Reserve region 0 as that for unmapped memory.
region();
// Bank $00: all locations potentially affected by the auxiliary switches or the
// language switches. Which will naturally align with shadowable zones.
set_regions(0x00, {
0x0200, 0x0400, 0x0800, 0x0c00,
0x2000, 0x4000, 0x6000,
0xc000, 0xc100, 0xc300, 0xc400, 0xc800,
0xd000, 0xe000,
0xffff
});
// Bank $01: all locations potentially affected by the language switches, by shadowing,
// or marked for IO.
set_regions(0x01, {
0x0400, 0x0800, 0x0c00,
0x2000, 0x4000, 0x6000, 0xa000,
0xc000, 0xc100, 0xc300, 0xc400, 0xc800,
0xd000, 0xe000,
0xffff
});
// Banks $02[end of RAM]: all locations potentially affected by shadowing.
const uint8_t fast_ram_bank_count = uint8_t((ram.size() - 0x02'0000) / 0x01'0000);
if(fast_ram_bank_count > 2) {
const std::vector<uint8_t> evens = {
region(), // 0x0000 0x0400.
region(), // 0x0400 0x0800.
region(), // 0x0800 0x0c00.
region(), // 0x0c00 0x2000.
region(), // 0x2000 0x4000.
region(), // 0x4000 0x6000.
region(), // 0x6000 [end].
};
const std::vector<uint8_t> odds = {
region(), // 0x0000 0x0400.
region(), // 0x0400 0x0800.
region(), // 0x0800 0x0c00.
region(), // 0x0c00 0x2000.
region(), // 0x2000 0x4000.
region(), // 0x4000 0x6000.
region(), // 0x6000 0xa000.
region(), // 0xa000 [end].
};
for(uint8_t bank = 0x02; bank < fast_ram_bank_count; bank += 2) {
set_regions(bank, {0x0400, 0x0800, 0x0c00, 0x2000, 0x4000, 0x6000, 0xffff}, evens);
set_regions(bank+1, {0x0400, 0x0800, 0x0c00, 0x2000, 0x4000, 0x6000, 0xa000, 0xffff}, odds);
}
}
// [Banks $80$e0: empty].
// Banks $e0, $e1: all locations potentially affected by the language switches or marked for IO.
// Alas, separate regions are needed due to the same ROM appearing on both pages.
for(uint8_t c = 0; c < 2; c++) {
set_regions(0xe0 + c, {0xc000, 0xc100, 0xc300, 0xc400, 0xc800, 0xd000, 0xe000, 0xffff});
}
// [Banks $e2[ROM start]: empty].
// ROM banks: directly mapped to ROM.
const uint8_t rom_bank_count = uint8_t(rom.size() >> 16);
const uint8_t first_rom_bank = uint8_t(0x100 - rom_bank_count);
const uint8_t rom_region = region();
for(uint8_t c = 0; c < rom_bank_count; ++c) {
set_region(first_rom_bank + c, 0x0000, 0xffff, rom_region);
}
// Apply proper storage to those banks.
auto set_storage = [this](uint32_t address, const uint8_t *read, uint8_t *write) {
// Don't allow the reserved null region to be modified.
assert(region_map[address >> 8]);
// Either set or apply a quick bit of testing as to the logic at play.
auto &region = regions[region_map[address >> 8]];
if(read) read -= address;
if(write) write -= address;
if(!region.read) {
region.read = read;
region.write = write;
} else {
assert(region.read == read);
assert(region.write == write);
}
};
// This is highly redundant, but decouples this step from the above.
for(size_t c = 0; c < 0x80'0000; c += 0x100) {
if(c < ram.size() - 0x02'0000) {
set_storage(uint32_t(c), &ram[c], &ram[c]);
}
}
uint8_t *const slow_ram = &ram[ram.size() - 0x02'0000] - 0xe0'0000;
for(size_t c = 0xe0'0000; c < 0xe2'0000; c += 0x100) {
set_storage(uint32_t(c), &slow_ram[c], &slow_ram[c]);
}
for(uint32_t c = 0; c < uint32_t(rom_bank_count); c++) {
set_storage((first_rom_bank + c) << 16, &rom[c << 16], nullptr);
}
// TODO: set 1Mhz flags.
// Apply initial language/auxiliary state.
set_all_paging();
}
// MARK: - Live bus access notifications and register access.
void set_shadow_register(uint8_t value) {
const uint8_t diff = value ^ shadow_register_;
shadow_register_ = value;
if(diff & 0x40) { // IO/language-card inhibit.
set_language_card_paging();
set_card_paging();
}
if(diff & 0x3f) {
set_shadowing();
}
}
uint8_t get_shadow_register() const {
return shadow_register_;
}
void set_speed_register(uint8_t value) {
const uint8_t diff = value ^ speed_register_;
speed_register_ = value;
if(diff & 0x10) {
set_shadowing();
}
}
void set_state_register(uint8_t value) {
auxiliary_switches_.set_state(value);
language_card_.set_state(value);
}
uint8_t get_state_register() const {
return language_card_.get_state() | auxiliary_switches_.get_state();
}
void access(uint16_t address, bool is_read) {
auxiliary_switches_.access(address, is_read);
if((address & 0xfff0) == 0xc080) language_card_.access(address, is_read);
}
using AuxiliaryMemorySwitches = Apple::II::AuxiliaryMemorySwitches<MemoryMap>;
const AuxiliaryMemorySwitches &auxiliary_switches() const {
return auxiliary_switches_;
}
using LanguageCardSwitches = Apple::II::LanguageCardSwitches<MemoryMap>;
const LanguageCardSwitches &language_card_switches() const {
return language_card_;
}
private:
AuxiliaryMemorySwitches auxiliary_switches_;
LanguageCardSwitches language_card_;
friend AuxiliaryMemorySwitches;
friend LanguageCardSwitches;
uint8_t shadow_register_ = 0x08;
uint8_t speed_register_ = 0x00;
// MARK: - Memory banking.
// Cf. LanguageCardSwitches; this function should update the region from
// $D000 onwards as per the state of the language card flags — there may
// end up being ROM or RAM (or auxiliary RAM), and the first 4kb of it
// may be drawn from either of two pools.
void set_language_card_paging() {
const auto language_state = language_card_.state();
const auto zero_state = auxiliary_switches_.zero_state();
const bool inhibit_banks0001 = shadow_register_ & 0x40;
auto apply = [&language_state, this](uint32_t bank_base, uint8_t *ram) {
// This assumes bank 1 is the one before bank 2 when RAM is linear.
uint8_t *const d0_ram_bank = ram - (language_state.bank2 ? 0x0000 : 0x1000);
// Crib the ROM pointer from a page it's always visible on.
const uint8_t *const rom = &regions[region_map[0xffd0]].read[0xff'd000] - ((bank_base << 8) + 0xd000);
auto &d0_region = regions[region_map[bank_base | 0xd0]];
d0_region.read = language_state.read ? d0_ram_bank : rom;
d0_region.write = language_state.write ? nullptr : d0_ram_bank;
auto &e0_region = regions[region_map[bank_base | 0xe0]];
e0_region.read = language_state.read ? ram : rom;
e0_region.write = language_state.write ? nullptr : ram;
// Assert assumptions made above re: memory layout.
assert(region_map[bank_base | 0xd0] + 1 == region_map[bank_base | 0xe0]);
assert(region_map[bank_base | 0xe0] == region_map[bank_base | 0xff]);
};
auto set_no_card = [this](uint32_t bank_base) {
auto &d0_region = regions[region_map[bank_base | 0xd0]];
d0_region.read = ram_base;
d0_region.write = ram_base;
auto &e0_region = regions[region_map[bank_base | 0xe0]];
e0_region.read = ram_base;
e0_region.write = ram_base;
// Assert assumptions made above re: memory layout.
assert(region_map[bank_base | 0xd0] + 1 == region_map[bank_base | 0xe0]);
assert(region_map[bank_base | 0xe0] == region_map[bank_base | 0xff]);
};
if(inhibit_banks0001) {
set_no_card(0x0000);
set_no_card(0x0100);
} else {
apply(0x0000, zero_state ? &ram_base[0x01'0000] : ram_base);
apply(0x0100, ram_base);
}
// The pointer stored in region_map[0xe000] has already been adjusted for
// the 0xe0'0000 addressing offset.
uint8_t *const e0_ram = regions[region_map[0xe000]].write;
apply(0xe000, e0_ram);
apply(0xe100, e0_ram);
}
// Cf. AuxiliarySwitches; this should establish whether ROM or card switches
// are exposed in the distinct regions C100C2FF, C300C3FF, C400C7FF and
// C800CFFF.
//
// On the IIgs it intersects with the current shadow register.
//
// TODO: so... shouldn't the card mask be incorporated here? I've got it implemented
// distinctly at present, but does that create any invalid state interactions?
void set_card_paging() {
const bool inhibit_banks0001 = shadow_register_ & 0x40;
const auto state = auxiliary_switches_.card_state();
auto apply = [&state, this](uint32_t bank_base) {
auto &c0_region = regions[region_map[bank_base | 0xc0]];
auto &c1_region = regions[region_map[bank_base | 0xc1]];
auto &c3_region = regions[region_map[bank_base | 0xc3]];
auto &c4_region = regions[region_map[bank_base | 0xc4]];
auto &c8_region = regions[region_map[bank_base | 0xc8]];
const uint8_t *const rom = &regions[region_map[0xffd0]].read[0xffc100] - ((bank_base << 8) + 0xc100);
// This is applied dynamically as it may be added or lost in banks $00 and $01.
c0_region.flags |= Region::IsIO;
#define apply_region(flag, region) \
if(flag) { \
region.read = rom; \
region.flags &= ~Region::IsIO; \
} else { \
region.flags |= Region::IsIO; \
}
apply_region(state.region_C1_C3, c1_region);
apply_region(state.region_C3, c3_region);
apply_region(state.region_C4_C8, c4_region);
apply_region(state.region_C8_D0, c8_region);
#undef apply_region
// Sanity checks.
assert(region_map[bank_base | 0xc1] == region_map[bank_base | 0xc0]+1);
assert(region_map[bank_base | 0xc3] == region_map[bank_base | 0xc1]+1);
assert(region_map[bank_base | 0xc4] == region_map[bank_base | 0xc3]+1);
assert(region_map[bank_base | 0xc8] == region_map[bank_base | 0xc4]+1);
assert(region_map[bank_base | 0xd0] == region_map[bank_base | 0xc8]+1);
};
if(inhibit_banks0001) {
// Set no IO in the Cx00 range for banks $00 and $01, just
// regular RAM (or possibly auxiliary).
const auto auxiliary_state = auxiliary_switches_.main_state();
for(uint8_t region = region_map[0x00c0]; region < region_map[0x00d0]; region++) {
regions[region].read = auxiliary_state.base.read ? &ram_base[0x01'0000] : ram_base;
regions[region].write = auxiliary_state.base.write ? &ram_base[0x01'0000] : ram_base;
regions[region].flags &= ~Region::IsIO;
}
for(uint8_t region = region_map[0x01c0]; region < region_map[0x01d0]; region++) {
regions[region].read = regions[region].write = ram_base;
regions[region].flags &= ~Region::IsIO;
}
} else {
// Obey the card state for banks $00 and $01.
apply(0x0000);
apply(0x0100);
}
// Obey the card state for banks $e0 and $e1.
apply(0xe000);
apply(0xe100);
}
// Cf. LanguageCardSwitches; this should update whether base or auxiliary RAM is
// visible in: (i) the zero and stack pages; and (ii) anywhere that the language
// card is exposing RAM instead of ROM.
void set_zero_page_paging() {
// Affects bank $00 only, and should be a single region.
auto &region = regions[region_map[0]];
region.read = region.write = auxiliary_switches_.zero_state() ? &ram_base[0x01'0000] : ram_base;
assert(region_map[0x0000]+1 == region_map[0x0002]);
// Switching to or from auxiliary RAM potentially affects the
// language card area.
set_language_card_paging();
}
// IIgs specific: sets or resets the ::IsShadowed flag across affected banks as
// per the current state of the shadow register.
//
// Completely distinct from the auxiliary and language card switches.
void set_shadowing() {
const bool inhibit_all_pages = !(speed_register_ & 0x10);
// Disables shadowing for the region starting from @c zone if @c flag is true;
// otherwise enables it.
#define apply(flag, zone) \
if(flag) { \
regions[region_map[zone]].flags &= ~Region::IsShadowed; \
} else { \
regions[region_map[zone]].flags |= Region::IsShadowed; \
}
// Relevant bits:
//
// b5: inhibit shadowing, text page 2 [if ROM 03; as if always set otherwise]
// b4: inhibit shadowing, auxiliary high-res graphics
// b3: inhibit shadowing, super high-res graphics
// b2: inhibit shadowing, high-res graphics page 2
// b1: inhibit shadowing, high-res graphics page 1
// b0: inhibit shadowing, text page 1
//
// The interpretations of how the overlapping high-res and super high-res inhibit
// bits apply used below is taken from The Apple IIgs Technical Reference, P. 178.
// Text Page 1, main and auxiliary — $0400$0800.
apply(shadow_register_ & 0x01, 0x0004);
apply(shadow_register_ & 0x01, 0x0104);
apply((shadow_register_ & 0x01) || inhibit_all_pages, 0x0204); // All other pages uses the same shadowing flags.
apply((shadow_register_ & 0x01) || inhibit_all_pages, 0x0304);
assert(region_map[0x0008] == region_map[0x0004]+1);
assert(region_map[0x0108] == region_map[0x0104]+1);
assert(region_map[0x0208] == region_map[0x0204]+1);
assert(region_map[0x0308] == region_map[0x0304]+1);
// Text Page 2, main and auxiliary — 0x08000x0c00.
// TODO: on a ROM03 machine only.
apply(shadow_register_ & 0x20, 0x0008);
apply(shadow_register_ & 0x20, 0x0108);
apply((shadow_register_ & 0x20) || inhibit_all_pages, 0x0208);
apply((shadow_register_ & 0x20) || inhibit_all_pages, 0x0308);
assert(region_map[0x000c] == region_map[0x0008]+1);
assert(region_map[0x010c] == region_map[0x0108]+1);
assert(region_map[0x020c] == region_map[0x0208]+1);
assert(region_map[0x030c] == region_map[0x0308]+1);
// Hi-res graphics Page 1, main and auxiliary — $2000$4000;
// also part of the super high-res graphics page on odd pages.
//
// Even test applied:
// high-res graphics page 1 inhibit bit alone is definitive.
//
// Odd test:
// (high-res graphics inhibit or auxiliary high res graphics inhibit) _and_ (super high-res inhibit).
//
apply(shadow_register_ & 0x02, 0x0020);
apply((shadow_register_ & 0x12) && (shadow_register_ & 0x08), 0x0120);
apply((shadow_register_ & 0x02) || inhibit_all_pages, 0x0220);
apply(((shadow_register_ & 0x12) && (shadow_register_ & 0x08)) || inhibit_all_pages, 0x0320);
assert(region_map[0x0040] == region_map[0x0020]+1);
assert(region_map[0x0140] == region_map[0x0120]+1);
assert(region_map[0x0240] == region_map[0x0220]+1);
assert(region_map[0x0340] == region_map[0x0320]+1);
// Hi-res graphics Page 2, main and auxiliary — $4000$6000;
// also part of the super high-res graphics page.
//
// Test applied: much like that for page 1.
apply(shadow_register_ & 0x04, 0x0040);
apply((shadow_register_ & 0x14) && (shadow_register_ & 0x08), 0x0140);
apply((shadow_register_ & 0x04) || inhibit_all_pages, 0x0240);
apply(((shadow_register_ & 0x14) && (shadow_register_ & 0x08)) || inhibit_all_pages, 0x0340);
assert(region_map[0x0060] == region_map[0x0040]+1);
assert(region_map[0x0160] == region_map[0x0140]+1);
assert(region_map[0x0260] == region_map[0x0240]+1);
assert(region_map[0x0360] == region_map[0x0340]+1);
// Residue of Super Hi-Res — $6000$a000 (odd pages only).
apply(shadow_register_ & 0x08, 0x0160);
apply((shadow_register_ & 0x08) || inhibit_all_pages, 0x0360);
assert(region_map[0x01a0] == region_map[0x0160]+1);
assert(region_map[0x03a0] == region_map[0x0360]+1);
#undef apply
}
// Cf. the AuxiliarySwitches; establishes whether main or auxiliary RAM
// is exposed in bank $00 for a bunch of regions.
void set_main_paging() {
const auto state = auxiliary_switches_.main_state();
#define set(page, flags) {\
auto &region = regions[region_map[page]]; \
region.read = flags.read ? &ram_base[0x01'0000] : ram_base; \
region.write = flags.write ? &ram_base[0x01'0000] : ram_base; \
}
// Base: $0200$03FF.
set(0x02, state.base);
assert(region_map[0x02] == region_map[0x00]+1);
assert(region_map[0x04] == region_map[0x02]+1);
// Region $0400$07ff.
set(0x04, state.region_04_08);
assert(region_map[0x08] == region_map[0x04]+1);
// Base: $0800$1FFF.
set(0x08, state.base);
set(0x0c, state.base);
assert(region_map[0x0c] == region_map[0x08]+1);
assert(region_map[0x20] == region_map[0x0c]+1);
// Region $2000$3FFF.
set(0x20, state.region_20_40);
assert(region_map[0x40] == region_map[0x20]+1);
// Base: $4000$BFFF.
set(0x40, state.base);
set(0x60, state.base);
assert(region_map[0x60] == region_map[0x40]+1);
assert(region_map[0xc0] == region_map[0x60]+1);
#undef set
// This also affects shadowing flags, if shadowing is enabled at all,
// and might affect RAM in the IO area of bank $00 because the language
// card can be inhibited on a IIgs.
set_card_paging();
}
void set_all_paging() {
set_card_paging();
set_zero_page_paging(); // ... which calls set_language_card_paging().
set_main_paging();
set_shadowing();
}
// Throwaway storage to facilitate branchless handling of shadowing.
uint8_t shadow_throwaway_;
public:
// Memory layout here is done via double indirection; the main loop should:
// (i) use the top two bytes of the address to get an index from memory_map_; and
// (ii) use that to index the memory_regions table.
//
// Pointers are eight bytes at the time of writing, so the extra level of indirection
// reduces what would otherwise be a 1.25mb table down to not a great deal more than 64kb.
std::array<uint8_t, 65536> region_map{};
uint8_t *ram_base = nullptr;
uint8_t *shadow_base[2] = {&shadow_throwaway_, nullptr};
static constexpr int shadow_mask[2] = {0, 0x01'ffff};
struct Region {
uint8_t *write = nullptr;
const uint8_t *read = nullptr;
uint8_t flags = 0;
enum Flag: uint8_t {
IsShadowed = 1 << 0, // Writes should be shadowed to [end of RAM - 128kb + base offset].
Is1Mhz = 1 << 1, // Both reads and writes should be synchronised with the 1Mhz clock.
IsIO = 1 << 2, // Indicates that this region should be checked for soft switches, registers, etc;
// usurps the shadowed flags.
};
};
std::array<Region, 64> regions; // The assert above ensures that this is large enough; there's no
// doctrinal reason for it to be whatever size it is now, just
// adjust as required.
};
// TODO: branching below on region.read/write is predicated on the idea that extra scratch space
// would be less efficient. Verify that?
#define MemoryMapRegion(map, address) map.regions[map.region_map[address >> 8]]
#define MemoryMapRead(region, address, value) *value = region.read ? region.read[address] : 0xff
#define MemoryMapWrite(map, region, address, value) \
if(region.write) { \
region.write[address] = *value; \
const bool is_shadowed = region.flags & MemoryMap::Region::IsShadowed; \
map.shadow_base[is_shadowed][(&region.write[address] - map.ram_base) & map.shadow_mask[is_shadowed]] = *value; \
}
// Quick notes on ::IsShadowed contortions:
//
// The objective is to support shadowing:
// 1. without storing a whole extra pointer, and such that the shadowing flags are orthogonal to the current auxiliary memory settings;
// 2. in such a way as to support shadowing both in banks $00/$01 and elsewhere; and
// 3. to do so without introducing too much in the way of branching.
//
// Hence the implemented solution: if shadowing is enabled then use the distance from the start of physical RAM
// modulo 128k indexed into the bank $e0/$e1 RAM.
//
// With a further twist: the modulo and pointer are indexed on ::IsShadowed to eliminate a branch even on that.
}
}
#endif /* MemoryMap_h */