Ophis/platform/libbasic64.oph

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;;; LIBBASIC64.OPH
;;; This is a collection of routines inside the BASIC ROM that can
;;; be repurposed to do floating-point math inside your machine
;;; language programs. It is currently VERY EXPERIMENTAL. The documentation
;;; available for this is spotty at best and disassembly confirms that
;;; a lot of hidden invariants may lurk.
;;; BASIC function equivalents. These operate on FAC1 and are pretty
;;; clean overall. They take their input in FAC1 and put their output
;;; there too. While it is not *guaranteed* it is probably best to
;;; assume that these functions trash the value in FAC2.
.alias abs_fac1 $bc58
.alias atn_fac1 $e30e
.alias cos_fac1 $e264
.alias exp_fac1 $bfed
.alias int_fac1 $bccc
.alias log_fac1 $b9ea
.alias rnd_fac1 $e097
.alias sgn_fac1 $bc39
.alias sin_fac1 $e26b
.alias tan_fac1 $e2b4
;;; Getting useful information into the FACs
;; Treat the accumulator as a signed byte, load that value
;; into FAC1
.alias ld_fac1_a $bc3c
;; Load the signed 16-bit value with A as the *high* byte and
;; Y as the *low* byte into FAC1. This is backwards from pretty
;; much everything else.
.alias ld_fac1_s16 $b391
;; Load a 5-byte value from memory into FAC1.
.alias ld_fac1_mem $bba2
;; Copy FAC2 into FAC1.
.alias ld_fac1_fac2 $bbfc
;; Translate FAC1 into a string that is at $0100.
.alias fac1_to_string $bddd
;; Convert FAC1 into a 32-bit *big-endian* signed integer at
;; $62-$65 (where the mantissa usually goes in FAC1).
.alias fac1_to_s32 $bc9b
;; Store out FAC1 to $57-$5B, converting it back into the five-byte
;; floating-point format.
.alias fac1_to_57 $bbca
;; Do the same but at $5c-$60.
.alias fac1_to_5c $bbc7
;; Load a 5-byte value into FAC2.
.alias ld_fac2_mem $ba8c
;; Copy FAC1 to FAC2. FAC1 has some extra precision that is
;; rounded away when you do this.
.alias ld_fac2_fac1 $bc0c
;;; Comparison operator.
;; Like sgn_fac1, but returns the -1/0/1 in the accumulator as
;; an integer.
.alias fac1_sign $bc2b
;;; FP operators. These are all FAC2 OP FAC1 with the result in FAC1.
;;; PRECONDITIONS: All of these operations but AND and OR require you to
;;; have the contents of $61 in the accumulator. calling one of the ld_fac*
;;; routines will do that for you automatically. f_add_op also requires that
;;; $6F be set properly; only ld_fac2_mem does this.
.alias f_add_op $b86a
.alias f_subtract_op $b853
.alias f_multiply_op $ba2b
.alias f_divide_op $bb12
.alias f_pow_op $bf7b
.alias f_and_op $afe9
.alias f_or_op $afe6
;;; Memory-based FP operations. All are MEM OP FAC1. These are usually safer
;;; than the *_op routines.
.alias f_add_mem $b867
.alias f_subtract_mem $b850
.alias f_multiply_mem $ba28
.alias f_divide_mem $bb0f
;;; Useful FP constants that live in the ROM. It's plausible that ld_fac1_a
;;; or ld_fac1_s16 would be more convenient than ld_fac1_mem with f_1 or f_10,
;;; but when doing memory-based generic stuff, these will still be useful.
.alias f_0_5 $bf11 ; 0.5
.alias f_1 $b9bc ; 1.0
.alias f_pi $aea8 ; 3.1415926
.alias f_10 $baf9 ; 10.0
;;; Macros for using these routines more safely.
;; Copy 5-byte values around in memory without touching the FACs.
.macro f_move
ldx #$00
_fmvlp: lda _2,x
sta _1,x
inx
cpx #$05
bne _fmvlp
.macend
;;; These next few macros really exist just to save us the trouble of loading
;;; addresses into registers
.macro print_str
lda #<_1
ldy #>_1
jsr strout
.macend
.macro ld_fac1
lda #<_1
ldy #>_1
jsr ld_fac1_mem
.macend
.macro ld_fac2
lda #<_1
ldy #>_1
jsr ld_fac2_mem
.macend
.macro st_fac1
lda #<_1
ldy #>_1
jsr fac1_to_mem
.macend
.macro fp_load
`ld_fac1 _1
.macend
.macro fp_store
`st_fac1 _1
.macend
.macro fp_print
`ld_fac1 _1
jsr fac1out
.macend
.macro fp_read
lda #<_1
ldy #>_1
jsr ld_fac1_string
.macend
;;; Arithmetic macros. These serve mainly to make the operations work left-
;;; to-right as one generally would prefer. They also guarantee the obscure
;;; preconditions hold.
.macro fp_add
lda #<_1
ldy #>_1
jsr f_add_mem
.macend
.macro fp_subtract
jsr ld_fac2_fac1
`ld_fac1 _1
jsr f_subtract_op
.macend
.macro fp_multiply
lda #<_1
ldy #>_1
jsr f_multiply_mem
.macend
.macro fp_divide
jsr ld_fac2_fac1
`ld_fac1 _1
jsr f_divide_op
.macend
.macro fp_pow
jsr ld_fac2_fac1
`ld_fac1 _1
jsr f_pow_op
.macend
.macro fp_and
`ld_fac2 _1
jsr f_and_op
.macend
.macro fp_or
`ld_fac2 _1
jsr f_or_op
.macend
;;; Utility routine for converting the system clock to a floating point
;;; value.
ld_fac1_ti:
jsr $ffde ; RDTIM
sty $63
stx $64
sta $65
;; Once the requirements on .Y and $68 are better
;; understood, this might be exportable as
;; ld_fac1_s32, but there are still some dragons
;; lurking
ldy #$00 ; Clear out intermediary values
sta $62
sta $68
jmp $bcd5
;;; FAC1 can only be stored out to two locations. We'd prefer to be able
;;; to store anywhere. This routine is a support routine that allows that.
;;; It will normally only be called by the fp_store macro.
fac1_to_mem:
sta $fd
sty $fe
jsr fac1_to_5c
ldy #$00
* lda $5c,y
sta ($fd),y
iny
cpy #$05
bne -
rts
;;; The VAL function uses the CHRGET routine copied to the zero page to read
;;; strings in. That's a fragile operation if we don't want to confuse BASIC
;;; later, so this routine juggles the values we need to preserve. It will
;;; normally only be called by the fp_read macro.
ld_fac1_string:
ldx $7a
sta $7a
txa
pha
lda $7b
pha
sty $7b
jsr $79
jsr $bcf3
pla
sta $7b
pla
sta $7a
rts
;;; Print out the contents of FAC1.
fac1out:
ldy #$00 ; Clean out overflow
sty $68
sty $70
jsr fac1_to_string
ldy #$01
;; Skip the first character if it's not "-"
lda $100
sec
sbc #$2d
beq strout
lda #$01
;; Fall through to strout
;;; The BASIC ROM already has a STROUT routine - $ab1e - but
;;; it makes use of BASIC's own temporary string handling. We
;;; don't want it to ever touch its notion of temporary strings
;;; here, so we provide our own short routine to do this.
strout: sta $fd
sty $fe
ldy #$00
* lda ($fd),y
beq +
jsr $ffd2 ; CHROUT
iny
bne -
* rts
;;; Execute RND(-TI), seeding the random number generator the traditional way.
randomize:
jsr ld_fac1_ti
lda #$ff
sta $66 ; Force sign negative
jmp rnd_fac1 ; RND(-TI)
;;; Return RND(1), a fresh random number between 0 and 1.
rnd: lda #$01
jsr ld_fac1_a
jmp rnd_fac1