1170 lines
26 KiB
Plaintext
1170 lines
26 KiB
Plaintext
<appendix>
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<title>Example Programs</title>
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<para>
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This Appendix collects all the programs referred to in the course
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of this manual.
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</para>
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<section id="tutor1-src">
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<title id="tutor1-fname"><filename>hello1.oph</filename></title>
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<programlisting>
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.word $0801
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.org $0801
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.outfile "hello.prg"
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.word next, 10 ; Next line and current line number
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.byte $9e," 2064",0 ; SYS 2064
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next: .word 0 ; End of program
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.advance 2064
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ldx #0
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loop: lda hello, x
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beq done
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jsr $ffd2
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inx
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bne loop
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done: rts
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hello: .byte "HELLO, WORLD!", 0
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</programlisting>
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</section>
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<section id="tutor2-src">
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<title id="tutor2-fname"><filename>hello2.oph</filename></title>
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<programlisting>
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.word $0801
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.org $0801
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.outfile "hello.prg"
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.scope
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.word _next, 10 ; Next line and current line number
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.byte $9e," 2064",0 ; SYS 2064
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_next: .word 0 ; End of program
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.scend
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.advance 2064
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.alias chrout $ffd2
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ldx #0
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* lda hello, x
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beq +
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jsr chrout
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inx
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bne -
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* rts
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hello: .byte "HELLO, WORLD!", 0
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</programlisting>
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</section>
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<section id="c64-1-src">
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<title id="c64-1-fname"><filename>c64-1.oph</filename></title>
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<programlisting>
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.word $0801
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.org $0801
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.scope
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.word _next, 10 ; Next line and current line number
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.byte $9e," 2064",0 ; SYS 2064
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_next: .word 0 ; End of program
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.scend
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.advance 2064
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.require "../platform/c64kernal.oph"
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</programlisting>
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</section>
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<section id="kernal-src">
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<title id="kernal-fname"><filename>c64kernal.oph</filename></title>
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<programlisting>
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; KERNAL routine aliases (C64)
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.alias acptr $ffa5
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.alias chkin $ffc6
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.alias chkout $ffc9
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.alias chrin $ffcf
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.alias chrout $ffd2
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.alias ciout $ffa8
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.alias cint $ff81
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.alias clall $ffe7
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.alias close $ffc3
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.alias clrchn $ffcc
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.alias getin $ffe4
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.alias iobase $fff3
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.alias ioinit $ff84
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.alias listen $ffb1
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.alias load $ffd5
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.alias membot $ff9c
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.alias memtop $ff99
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.alias open $ffc0
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.alias plot $fff0
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.alias ramtas $ff87
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.alias rdtim $ffde
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.alias readst $ffb7
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.alias restor $ff8a
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.alias save $ffd8
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.alias scnkey $ff9f
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.alias screen $ffed
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.alias second $ff93
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.alias setlfs $ffba
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.alias setmsg $ff90
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.alias setnam $ffbd
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.alias settim $ffdb
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.alias settmo $ffa2
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.alias stop $ffe1
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.alias talk $ffb4
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.alias tksa $ff96
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.alias udtim $ffea
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.alias unlsn $ffae
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.alias untlk $ffab
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.alias vector $ff8d
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; Character codes for the colors.
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.alias color'0 144
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.alias color'1 5
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.alias color'2 28
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.alias color'3 159
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.alias color'4 156
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.alias color'5 30
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.alias color'6 31
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.alias color'7 158
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.alias color'8 129
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.alias color'9 149
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.alias color'10 150
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.alias color'11 151
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.alias color'12 152
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.alias color'13 153
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.alias color'14 154
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.alias color'15 155
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; ...and reverse video
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.alias reverse'on 18
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.alias reverse'off 146
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; ...and character set
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.alias upper'case 142
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.alias lower'case 14
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</programlisting>
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</section>
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<section id="tutor3-src">
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<title id="tutor3-fname"><filename>hello3.oph</filename></title>
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<programlisting>
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.include "c64-1.oph"
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.outfile "hello.prg"
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.macro print
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ldx #0
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_loop: lda _1, x
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beq _done
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jsr chrout
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inx
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bne _loop
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_done:
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.macend
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.macro greet
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`print hello1
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`print _1
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`print hello2
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.macend
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lda #147
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jsr chrout
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`greet target1
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`greet target2
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`greet target3
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`greet target4
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`greet target5
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`greet target6
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`greet target7
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`greet target8
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`greet target9
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`greet target10
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rts
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hello1: .byte "HELLO, ",0
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hello2: .byte "!", 13, 0
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target1: .byte "PROGRAMMER", 0
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target2: .byte "ROOM", 0
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target3: .byte "BUILDING", 0
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target4: .byte "NEIGHBORHOOD", 0
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target5: .byte "CITY", 0
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target6: .byte "NATION", 0
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target7: .byte "WORLD", 0
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target8: .byte "SOLAR SYSTEM", 0
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target9: .byte "GALAXY", 0
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target10: .byte "UNIVERSE", 0
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</programlisting>
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</section>
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<section id="tutor4a-src">
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<title id="tutor4a-fname"><filename>hello4a.oph</filename></title>
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<programlisting>
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.include "c64-1.oph"
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.outfile "hello.prg"
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.macro print
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ldx #0
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_loop: lda _1, x
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beq _done
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jsr chrout
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inx
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bne _loop
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_done:
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.macend
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.macro greet
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lda #30
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jsr delay
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`print hello1
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`print _1
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`print hello2
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.macend
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lda #147
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jsr chrout
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`greet target1
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`greet target2
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`greet target3
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`greet target4
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`greet target5
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`greet target6
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`greet target7
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`greet target8
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`greet target9
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`greet target10
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rts
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hello1: .byte "HELLO, ",0
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hello2: .byte "!", 13, 0
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target1: .byte "PROGRAMMER", 0
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target2: .byte "ROOM", 0
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target3: .byte "BUILDING", 0
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target4: .byte "NEIGHBORHOOD", 0
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target5: .byte "CITY", 0
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target6: .byte "NATION", 0
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target7: .byte "WORLD", 0
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target8: .byte "SOLAR SYSTEM", 0
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target9: .byte "GALAXY", 0
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target10: .byte "UNIVERSE", 0
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; DELAY routine. Executes 2,560*(A) NOP statements.
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delay: tax
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ldy #00
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* nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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iny
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bne -
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dex
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bne -
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rts
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</programlisting>
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</section>
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<section id="tutor4b-src">
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<title id="tutor4b-fname"><filename>hello4b.oph</filename></title>
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<programlisting>
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.include "c64-1.oph"
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.outfile "hello.prg"
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.macro print
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ldx #0
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_loop: lda _1, x
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beq _done
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jsr chrout
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inx
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bne _loop
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_done:
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.macend
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.macro greet
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lda #30
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jsr delay
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`print hello1
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`print _1
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`print hello2
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.macend
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lda #147
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jsr chrout
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lda #lower'case
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jsr chrout
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`greet target1
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`greet target2
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`greet target3
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`greet target4
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`greet target5
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`greet target6
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`greet target7
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`greet target8
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`greet target9
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`greet target10
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rts
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hello1: .byte "Hello, ",0
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hello2: .byte "!", 13, 0
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target1: .byte "programmer", 0
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target2: .byte "room", 0
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target3: .byte "building", 0
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target4: .byte "neighborhood", 0
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target5: .byte "city", 0
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target6: .byte "nation", 0
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target7: .byte "world", 0
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target8: .byte "Solar System", 0
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target9: .byte "Galaxy", 0
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target10: .byte "Universe", 0
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; DELAY routine. Executes 2,560*(A) NOP statements.
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delay: tax
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ldy #00
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* nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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iny
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bne -
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dex
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bne -
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rts
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</programlisting>
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</section>
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<section id="tutor4c-src">
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<title id="tutor4c-fname"><filename>hello4c.oph</filename></title>
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<programlisting>
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.include "c64-1.oph"
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.outfile "hello.prg"
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.macro print
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ldx #0
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_loop: lda _1, x
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beq _done
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jsr chrout
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inx
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bne _loop
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_done:
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.macend
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.macro greet
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lda #30
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jsr delay
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`print hello1
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`print _1
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`print hello2
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.macend
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lda #147
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jsr chrout
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lda #lower'case
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jsr chrout
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`greet target1
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`greet target2
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`greet target3
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`greet target4
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`greet target5
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`greet target6
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`greet target7
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`greet target8
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`greet target9
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`greet target10
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rts
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.charmap 'A, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
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.charmap 'a, "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
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hello1: .byte "Hello, ",0
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hello2: .byte "!", 13, 0
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target1: .byte "programmer", 0
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target2: .byte "room", 0
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target3: .byte "building", 0
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target4: .byte "neighborhood", 0
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target5: .byte "city", 0
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target6: .byte "nation", 0
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target7: .byte "world", 0
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target8: .byte "Solar System", 0
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target9: .byte "Galaxy", 0
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target10: .byte "Universe", 0
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; DELAY routine. Executes 2,560*(A) NOP statements.
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delay: tax
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ldy #00
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* nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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nop
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iny
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bne -
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dex
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bne -
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rts
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</programlisting>
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</section>
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<section id="tutor5-src">
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<title id="tutor5-fname"><filename>hello5.oph</filename></title>
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<programlisting>
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.include "c64-1.oph"
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.outfile "hello.prg"
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.data
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.org $C000
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.text
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.macro print
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ldx #0
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_loop: lda _1, x
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beq _done
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jsr chrout
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inx
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bne _loop
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_done:
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.macend
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.macro greet
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lda #30
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jsr delay
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`print hello1
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`print _1
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`print hello2
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.macend
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lda #147
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jsr chrout
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`greet target1
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`greet target2
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`greet target3
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`greet target4
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`greet target5
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`greet target6
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`greet target7
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`greet target8
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`greet target9
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`greet target10
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rts
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hello1: .byte "HELLO, ",0
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hello2: .byte "!", 13, 0
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target1: .byte "PROGRAMMER", 0
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target2: .byte "ROOM", 0
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target3: .byte "BUILDING", 0
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target4: .byte "NEIGHBORHOOD", 0
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target5: .byte "CITY", 0
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target6: .byte "NATION", 0
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target7: .byte "WORLD", 0
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target8: .byte "SOLAR SYSTEM", 0
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target9: .byte "GALAXY", 0
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target10: .byte "UNIVERSE", 0
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; DELAY routine. Takes values from the Accumulator and pauses
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; for that many jiffies (1/60th of a second).
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.scope
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.data
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.space _tmp 1
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.space _target 1
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.text
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delay: sta _tmp ; save argument (rdtim destroys it)
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jsr rdtim
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clc
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adc _tmp ; add current time to get target
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sta _target
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* jsr rdtim
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cmp _target
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bmi - ; Buzz until target reached
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rts
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.scend
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.checkpc $A000
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.data
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.checkpc $D000
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</programlisting>
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</section>
|
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<section id="tutor6-src">
|
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<title id="tutor6-fname"><filename>hello6.oph</filename></title>
|
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<programlisting>
|
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.include "c64-1.oph"
|
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.outfile "hello.prg"
|
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|
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.data
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.org $C000
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.space cache 2
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.text
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|
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.macro print
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lda #<_1
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ldx #>_1
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jsr printstr
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.macend
|
|
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|
.macro greet
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lda #30
|
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jsr delay
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`print hello1
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`print _1
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`print hello2
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|
.macend
|
|
|
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; Save the zero page locations that PRINTSTR uses.
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lda $10
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sta cache
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lda $11
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sta cache+1
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|
|
lda #147
|
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jsr chrout
|
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`greet target1
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`greet target2
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`greet target3
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`greet target4
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`greet target5
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|
`greet target6
|
|
`greet target7
|
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`greet target8
|
|
`greet target9
|
|
`greet target10
|
|
|
|
; Restore the zero page values printstr uses.
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|
lda cache
|
|
sta $10
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lda cache+1
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sta $11
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rts
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|
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|
hello1: .byte "HELLO, ",0
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hello2: .byte "!", 13, 0
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|
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|
target1: .byte "PROGRAMMER", 0
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target2: .byte "ROOM", 0
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|
target3: .byte "BUILDING", 0
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|
target4: .byte "NEIGHBORHOOD", 0
|
|
target5: .byte "CITY", 0
|
|
target6: .byte "NATION", 0
|
|
target7: .byte "WORLD", 0
|
|
target8: .byte "SOLAR SYSTEM", 0
|
|
target9: .byte "GALAXY", 0
|
|
target10: .byte "UNIVERSE", 0
|
|
|
|
; DELAY routine. Takes values from the Accumulator and pauses
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|
; for that many jiffies (1/60th of a second).
|
|
.scope
|
|
.data
|
|
.space _tmp 1
|
|
.space _target 1
|
|
|
|
.text
|
|
|
|
delay: sta _tmp ; save argument (rdtim destroys it)
|
|
jsr rdtim
|
|
clc
|
|
adc _tmp ; add current time to get target
|
|
sta _target
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|
* jsr rdtim
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|
cmp _target
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bmi - ; Buzz until target reached
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|
rts
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|
.scend
|
|
|
|
; PRINTSTR routine. Accumulator stores the low byte of the address,
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|
; X register stores the high byte. Destroys the values of $10 and
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; $11.
|
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|
|
.scope
|
|
printstr:
|
|
sta $10
|
|
stx $11
|
|
ldy #$00
|
|
_lp: lda ($10),y
|
|
beq _done
|
|
jsr chrout
|
|
iny
|
|
bne _lp
|
|
_done: rts
|
|
.scend
|
|
|
|
.checkpc $A000
|
|
.data
|
|
.checkpc $D000
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section id="tutor7-src">
|
|
<title id="tutor7-fname"><filename>hello7.oph</filename></title>
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
.include "../platform/c64_0.oph"
|
|
.require "../platform/c64kernal.oph"
|
|
.outfile "hello.prg"
|
|
|
|
.data
|
|
.org $C000
|
|
.text
|
|
|
|
.macro print
|
|
lda #<_1
|
|
ldx #>_1
|
|
jsr printstr
|
|
.macend
|
|
|
|
.macro greet
|
|
lda #30
|
|
jsr delay
|
|
`print hello1
|
|
`print _1
|
|
`print hello2
|
|
.macend
|
|
|
|
lda #147
|
|
jsr chrout
|
|
`greet target1
|
|
`greet target2
|
|
`greet target3
|
|
`greet target4
|
|
`greet target5
|
|
`greet target6
|
|
`greet target7
|
|
`greet target8
|
|
`greet target9
|
|
`greet target10
|
|
|
|
rts
|
|
|
|
hello1: .byte "HELLO, ",0
|
|
hello2: .byte "!", 13, 0
|
|
|
|
target1: .byte "PROGRAMMER", 0
|
|
target2: .byte "ROOM", 0
|
|
target3: .byte "BUILDING", 0
|
|
target4: .byte "NEIGHBORHOOD", 0
|
|
target5: .byte "CITY", 0
|
|
target6: .byte "NATION", 0
|
|
target7: .byte "WORLD", 0
|
|
target8: .byte "SOLAR SYSTEM", 0
|
|
target9: .byte "GALAXY", 0
|
|
target10: .byte "UNIVERSE", 0
|
|
|
|
; DELAY routine. Takes values from the Accumulator and pauses
|
|
; for that many jiffies (1/60th of a second).
|
|
.scope
|
|
.data
|
|
.space _tmp 1
|
|
.space _target 1
|
|
|
|
.text
|
|
|
|
delay: sta _tmp ; save argument (rdtim destroys it)
|
|
jsr rdtim
|
|
clc
|
|
adc _tmp ; add current time to get target
|
|
sta _target
|
|
* jsr rdtim
|
|
cmp _target
|
|
bmi - ; Buzz until target reached
|
|
rts
|
|
.scend
|
|
|
|
; PRINTSTR routine. Accumulator stores the low byte of the address,
|
|
; X register stores the high byte. Destroys the values of $10 and
|
|
; $11.
|
|
|
|
.scope
|
|
.data zp
|
|
.space _ptr 2
|
|
.text
|
|
printstr:
|
|
sta _ptr
|
|
stx _ptr+1
|
|
ldy #$00
|
|
_lp: lda (_ptr),y
|
|
beq _done
|
|
jsr chrout
|
|
iny
|
|
bne _lp
|
|
_done: rts
|
|
.scend
|
|
|
|
.checkpc $A000
|
|
|
|
.data
|
|
.checkpc $D000
|
|
|
|
.data zp
|
|
.checkpc $80
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section id="structure-src">
|
|
<title id="structure-fname"><filename>structuredemo.oph</filename></title>
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
.include "../platform/c64_0.oph"
|
|
.require "../platform/c64kernal.oph"
|
|
.outfile "structuredemo.prg"
|
|
|
|
jsr print'unsorted
|
|
jsr insertion'sort
|
|
jsr print'list
|
|
rts
|
|
|
|
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
|
|
; Linked list data: head, next, lb, hb.
|
|
; lb/hb: Low/high bytes of the data array. These are immutable and
|
|
; kept with the program text.
|
|
; head: Array index of the first element in the list, or #$FF if the
|
|
; list is empty
|
|
; next: Array of successor indices. If you've just read element X,
|
|
; the value of memory location next+X is the index of the
|
|
; next element. If next is #$FF, you've reached the end of
|
|
; the list.
|
|
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
|
|
|
|
.data
|
|
.org $C000
|
|
.space head 1
|
|
.space next 16
|
|
|
|
.text
|
|
lb: .byte <$838,<$618,<$205,<$984,<$724,<$301,<$249,<$946
|
|
.byte <$925,<$043,<$114,<$697,<$985,<$633,<$312,<$086
|
|
hb: .byte >$838,>$618,>$205,>$984,>$724,>$301,>$249,>$946
|
|
.byte >$925,>$043,>$114,>$697,>$985,>$633,>$312,>$086
|
|
|
|
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
|
|
; insertion'sort: Sorts the list defined by head, next, hb, lb.
|
|
; Arguments: None.
|
|
; Modifies: All registers destroyed, head and next array sorted.
|
|
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
|
|
|
|
insertion'sort:
|
|
lda #$FF ; Clear list by storing the terminator in 'head'
|
|
sta head
|
|
ldx #$0 ; Loop through the lb/hb array, adding each
|
|
insertion'sort'loop: ; element one at a time
|
|
txa
|
|
pha
|
|
jsr insert_elt
|
|
pla
|
|
tax
|
|
inx
|
|
cpx #$10
|
|
bne insertion'sort'loop
|
|
rts
|
|
|
|
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
|
|
; insert_elt: Insert an element into the linked list. Maintains the
|
|
; list in sorted, ascending order. Used by
|
|
; insertion'sort.
|
|
; Arguments: X register holds the index of the element to add.
|
|
; Modifies: All registers destroyed; head and next arrays updated
|
|
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
|
|
|
|
.data
|
|
.space lbtoinsert 1
|
|
.space hbtoinsert 1
|
|
.space indextoinsert 1
|
|
|
|
.text
|
|
|
|
insert_elt:
|
|
ldy head ; If the list is empty, make
|
|
cpy #$FF ; head point at it, and return.
|
|
bne insert_elt'list'not'empty
|
|
stx head
|
|
tya
|
|
sta next,x
|
|
rts
|
|
insert_elt'list'not'empty:
|
|
lda lb,x ; Cache the data we're inserting
|
|
sta lbtoinsert
|
|
lda hb,x
|
|
sta hbtoinsert
|
|
stx indextoinsert
|
|
ldy head ; Compare the first value with
|
|
sec ; the data. If the data must
|
|
lda lb,y ; be inserted at the front...
|
|
sbc lbtoinsert
|
|
lda hb,y
|
|
sbc hbtoinsert
|
|
bmi insert_elt'not'smallest
|
|
tya ; Set its next pointer to the
|
|
sta next,x ; old head, update the head
|
|
stx head ; pointer, and return.
|
|
rts
|
|
insert_elt'not'smallest:
|
|
ldx head
|
|
insert_elt'loop: ; At this point, we know that
|
|
lda next,x ; argument > data[X].
|
|
tay
|
|
cpy #$FF ; if next[X] = #$FF, insert arg at end.
|
|
beq insert_elt'insert'after'current
|
|
lda lb,y ; Otherwise, compare arg to
|
|
sec ; data[next[X]]. If we insert
|
|
sbc lbtoinsert ; before that...
|
|
lda hb,y
|
|
sbc hbtoinsert
|
|
bmi insert_elt'goto'next
|
|
insert_elt'insert'after'current: ; Fix up all the next links
|
|
tya
|
|
ldy indextoinsert
|
|
sta next,y
|
|
tya
|
|
sta next,x
|
|
rts ; and return.
|
|
insert_elt'goto'next: ; Otherwise, let X = next[X]
|
|
tya ; and go looping again.
|
|
tax
|
|
jmp insert_elt'loop
|
|
|
|
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
|
|
; print'unsorted: Steps through the data array and prints each value.
|
|
; Standalone procedure.
|
|
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
|
|
|
|
print'unsorted:
|
|
lda #<unsorted'hdr
|
|
ldx #>unsorted'hdr
|
|
jsr put'string
|
|
ldy #$00
|
|
print'unsorted'loop:
|
|
lda hb, Y
|
|
jsr print'hex
|
|
lda lb, y
|
|
jsr print'hex
|
|
lda #$20
|
|
jsr chrout
|
|
iny
|
|
cpy #$10
|
|
bne print'unsorted'loop
|
|
lda #$0D
|
|
jsr chrout
|
|
rts
|
|
|
|
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
|
|
; print'list: Starts at head, and prints out every value in the
|
|
; linked list.
|
|
; Standalone procedure.
|
|
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
|
|
|
|
print'list:
|
|
lda #<sorted'hdr
|
|
ldx #>sorted'hdr
|
|
jsr put'string
|
|
ldy head
|
|
print'list'loop:
|
|
cpy #$FF
|
|
beq print'list'done
|
|
lda hb, y
|
|
jsr print'hex
|
|
lda lb, y
|
|
jsr print'hex
|
|
lda #$20
|
|
jsr chrout
|
|
lda next, Y
|
|
tay
|
|
jmp print'list'loop
|
|
print'list'done:
|
|
lda #$0d
|
|
jsr chrout
|
|
rts
|
|
|
|
;; String data for the above routines.
|
|
|
|
unsorted'hdr:
|
|
.byte 147 ; Clear screen first!
|
|
.byte "UNSORTED DATA:",13,0
|
|
|
|
sorted'hdr:
|
|
.byte "SORTED DATA:",13,0
|
|
|
|
|
|
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
|
|
; print'hex: outputs a two-character hex representation of a one-
|
|
; byte value.
|
|
; Arguments: Byte to print in accumulator
|
|
; Modifies: .A and .X
|
|
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
|
|
|
|
print'hex:
|
|
pha
|
|
clc
|
|
lsr
|
|
lsr
|
|
lsr
|
|
lsr
|
|
tax
|
|
lda hexstr,x
|
|
jsr chrout
|
|
pla
|
|
and #$0F
|
|
tax
|
|
lda hexstr,X
|
|
jsr chrout
|
|
rts
|
|
|
|
; Character data array for print'hex.
|
|
hexstr: .byte "0123456789ABCDEF"
|
|
|
|
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
|
|
; put'string: outputs a C-style null terminated string with length
|
|
; less than 256 to the screen. If 256 bytes are written
|
|
; without finding a terminator, the routine ends quietly.
|
|
; Arguments: Low byte of string address in .A, high byte in .X
|
|
; Modifies: .A and .Y
|
|
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
|
|
|
|
.data zp
|
|
.space put'string'addr 2
|
|
|
|
.text
|
|
put'string:
|
|
sta put'string'addr
|
|
stx put'string'addr+1
|
|
ldy #$00
|
|
put'string'loop:
|
|
lda (put'string'addr),y
|
|
beq put'string'done
|
|
jsr chrout
|
|
iny
|
|
bne put'string'loop
|
|
put'string'done:
|
|
rts
|
|
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section id="fib-src">
|
|
<title id="fib-fname"><filename>fibonacci.oph</filename></title>
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
.include "../platform/c64_0.oph"
|
|
.require "../platform/c64kernal.oph"
|
|
.outfile "fibonacci.prg"
|
|
|
|
lda #<opening ; Print opening text
|
|
sta fun'args
|
|
lda #>opening
|
|
sta fun'args+1
|
|
jsr print'string
|
|
|
|
lda #$00
|
|
sta fun'vars ; Count num from 0 to 19
|
|
* lda fun'vars ; Main loop: print num, with leading space if <10
|
|
cmp #$09
|
|
bcs +
|
|
lda #$20
|
|
jsr chrout
|
|
lda fun'vars
|
|
* sta fun'args ; Copy num to args, print it, plus ": "
|
|
inc fun'args
|
|
lda #$00
|
|
sta fun'args+1
|
|
jsr print'dec
|
|
lda #$3A
|
|
jsr chrout
|
|
lda #$20
|
|
jsr chrout
|
|
lda fun'vars ; Copy num to args, call fib, print result
|
|
sta fun'args
|
|
jsr fib
|
|
jsr print'dec
|
|
lda #$0D ; Newline
|
|
jsr chrout
|
|
inc fun'vars ; Increment num; if it's 20, we're done.
|
|
lda fun'vars
|
|
cmp #20
|
|
bne -- ; Otherwise, loop.
|
|
rts
|
|
|
|
opening:
|
|
.byte 147, " FIBONACCI SEQUENCE",13,13,0
|
|
|
|
.scope
|
|
; Uint16 fib (Uint8 x): compute Xth fibonnaci number.
|
|
; fib(0) = fib(1) = 1.
|
|
; Stack usage: 3.
|
|
|
|
fib: lda #$03
|
|
jsr save'stack
|
|
|
|
lda fun'vars ; If x < 2, goto _base.
|
|
cmp #$02
|
|
bcc _base
|
|
|
|
dec fun'args ; Otherwise, call fib(x-1)...
|
|
jsr fib
|
|
lda fun'args ; Copy the result to local variable...
|
|
sta fun'vars+1
|
|
lda fun'args+1
|
|
sta fun'vars+2
|
|
lda fun'vars ; Call fib(x-2)...
|
|
sec
|
|
sbc #$02
|
|
sta fun'args
|
|
jsr fib
|
|
clc ; And add the old result to it, leaving it
|
|
lda fun'args ; in the 'result' location.
|
|
adc fun'vars+1
|
|
sta fun'args
|
|
lda fun'args+1
|
|
adc fun'vars+2
|
|
sta fun'args+1
|
|
jmp _done ; and then we're done.
|
|
|
|
_base: ldy #$01 ; In the base case, just copy 1 to the
|
|
sty fun'args ; result.
|
|
dey
|
|
sty fun'args+1
|
|
|
|
_done: lda #$03
|
|
jsr restore'stack
|
|
rts
|
|
.scend
|
|
|
|
.scope
|
|
; Stack routines: init'stack, save'stack, restore'stack
|
|
.data zp
|
|
.space _sp $02
|
|
.space _counter $01
|
|
.space fun'args $10
|
|
.space fun'vars $40
|
|
|
|
.text
|
|
init'stack:
|
|
lda #$00
|
|
sta _sp
|
|
lda #$A0
|
|
sta _sp+1
|
|
rts
|
|
|
|
save'stack:
|
|
sta _counter
|
|
sec
|
|
lda _sp
|
|
sbc _counter
|
|
sta _sp
|
|
lda _sp+1
|
|
sbc #$00
|
|
sta _sp+1
|
|
ldy #$00
|
|
* lda fun'vars, y
|
|
sta (_sp), y
|
|
lda fun'args, y
|
|
sta fun'vars, y
|
|
iny
|
|
dec _counter
|
|
bne -
|
|
rts
|
|
|
|
restore'stack:
|
|
pha
|
|
sta _counter
|
|
ldy #$00
|
|
* lda (_sp), y
|
|
sta fun'vars, y
|
|
iny
|
|
dec _counter
|
|
bne -
|
|
pla
|
|
clc
|
|
adc _sp
|
|
sta _sp
|
|
lda _sp+1
|
|
adc #$00
|
|
sta _sp+1
|
|
rts
|
|
.scend
|
|
|
|
|
|
; Utility functions. print'dec prints an unsigned 16-bit integer.
|
|
; It's ugly and long, mainly because we don't bother with niceties
|
|
; like "division". print'string prints a zero-terminated string.
|
|
|
|
.scope
|
|
.data
|
|
.org fun'args
|
|
.space _val 2
|
|
.space _step 2
|
|
.space _res 1
|
|
.space _allowzero 1
|
|
.text
|
|
print'dec:
|
|
lda #$00
|
|
sta _allowzero
|
|
lda #<10000
|
|
sta _step
|
|
lda #>10000
|
|
sta _step+1
|
|
jsr repsub'16
|
|
lda #<1000
|
|
sta _step
|
|
lda #>1000
|
|
sta _step+1
|
|
jsr repsub'16
|
|
lda #0
|
|
sta _step+1
|
|
lda #100
|
|
sta _step
|
|
jsr repsub'16
|
|
lda #10
|
|
sta _step
|
|
jsr repsub'16
|
|
lda _val
|
|
jsr _print
|
|
rts
|
|
|
|
repsub'16:
|
|
lda #$00
|
|
sta _res
|
|
* lda _val
|
|
sec
|
|
sbc _step
|
|
lda _val+1
|
|
sbc _step+1
|
|
bcc _done
|
|
lda _val
|
|
sec
|
|
sbc _step
|
|
sta _val
|
|
lda _val+1
|
|
sbc _step+1
|
|
sta _val+1
|
|
inc _res
|
|
jmp -
|
|
_done: lda _res
|
|
ora _allowzero
|
|
beq _ret
|
|
sta _allowzero
|
|
lda _res
|
|
_print: clc
|
|
adc #'0
|
|
jsr chrout
|
|
_ret: rts
|
|
.scend
|
|
|
|
print'string:
|
|
ldy #$00
|
|
* lda (fun'args), y
|
|
beq +
|
|
jsr chrout
|
|
iny
|
|
jmp -
|
|
* rts
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</appendix>
|