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VolksForth/sources/msdos/f83asm.fth
Carsten Strotmann fabfc21586 Tools: fb2fth (Forth-Block to Forth Source) in gforth
2020-07-20 23:47:02 +02:00

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\ *** Block No. 0 Hexblock 0
\ 8086 Assembler cas 10nov05
The 8086 Assembler was written by Mike Perry.
To create and assembler language definition, use the defining
word CODE. It must be terminated with either END-CODE or
its synonym C;. How the assembler operates is a very
interesting example of the power of CREATE DOES> Basically
the instructions are categorized and a defining word is
created for each category. When the nmemonic for the
instruction is interpreted, it compiles itself.
Adapted for volksFORTH by Klaus Schleisiek
No really tested, but
CODE TEST TOS PUSH 1 # TOS MOV NEXT END-CODE
works!
\ *** Block No. 1 Hexblock 1
\ 8086 Assembler ks cas 10nov05
Onlyforth
Vocabulary Assembler
: octal 8 Base ! ;
decimal 1 14 +THRU clear
Onlyforth
: Code Create [ Assembler ] here dup 2- ! Assembler ;
CR .( 8086 Assembler loaded )
Onlyforth
\ *** Block No. 2 Hexblock 2
\ 8086 Assembler ks 19 m<>r 88
: LABEL CREATE ASSEMBLER ;
\ 232 CONSTANT DOES-OP
\ 3 CONSTANT DOES-SIZE
\ : DOES? ( IP -- IP' F )
\ DUP DOES-SIZE + SWAP C@ DOES-OP = ;
ASSEMBLER ALSO DEFINITIONS
: C; ( -- ) END-CODE ;
OCTAL
DEFER C, FORTH ' C, ASSEMBLER IS C,
DEFER , FORTH ' , ASSEMBLER IS ,
DEFER HERE FORTH ' HERE ASSEMBLER IS HERE
DEFER ?>MARK
DEFER ?>RESOLVE
DEFER ?<MARK
DEFER ?<RESOLVE
\ *** Block No. 3 Hexblock 3
\ 8086 Assembler Register Definitions ks 19 m<>r 88
| : REG 11 * SWAP 1000 * OR CONSTANT ;
| : REGS ( MODE N -- ) SWAP 0 DO DUP I REG LOOP DROP ;
10 0 REGS AL CL DL BL AH CH DH BH
10 1 REGS AX CX DX BX SP BP SI DI
10 2 REGS [BX+SI] [BX+DI] [BP+SI] [BP+DI] [SI] [DI] [BP] [BX]
4 2 REGS [SI+BX] [DI+BX] [SI+BP] [DI+BP]
4 3 REGS ES CS SS DS
3 4 REGS # #) S#)
BP Constant UP [BP] Constant [UP] \ User Pointer
SI CONSTANT IP [SI] CONSTANT [IP] ( INTERPRETER POINTER )
DI Constant W [DI] Constant [W] \ WORKING REGISTER
BX Constant RP [BX] Constant [RP] \ Return Stack Pointer
DX Constant TOS \ Top Of Stack im Register
\ *** Block No. 4 Hexblock 4
\ Addressing Modes ks 19 m<>r 88
| : MD CREATE 1000 * , DOES> @ SWAP 7000 AND = 0<> ;
| 0 MD R8? | 1 MD R16? | 2 MD MEM? | 3 MD SEG? | 4 MD #?
| : REG? ( n -- f ) 7000 AND 2000 < 0<> ;
| : BIG? ( N -- F ) ABS -200 AND 0<> ;
| : RLOW ( n1 -- n2 ) 7 AND ;
| : RMID ( n1 -- n2 ) 70 AND ;
| VARIABLE SIZE SIZE ON
: BYTE ( -- ) SIZE OFF ;
| : OP, ( N OP -- ) OR C, ;
| : W, ( OP MR -- ) R16? 1 AND OP, ;
| : SIZE, ( OP -- OP' ) SIZE @ 1 AND OP, ;
| : ,/C, ( n f -- ) IF , ELSE C, THEN ;
| : RR, ( MR1 MR2 -- ) RMID SWAP RLOW OR 300 OP, ;
| VARIABLE LOGICAL
| : B/L? ( n -- f ) BIG? LOGICAL @ OR ;
\ *** Block No. 5 Hexblock 5
\ Addressing ks 19 m<>r 88
| : MEM, ( DISP MR RMID -- ) OVER #) =
IF RMID 6 OP, DROP ,
ELSE RMID OVER RLOW OR -ROT [BP] = OVER 0= AND
IF SWAP 100 OP, C, ELSE SWAP OVER BIG?
IF 200 OP, , ELSE OVER 0=
IF C, DROP ELSE 100 OP, C,
THEN THEN THEN THEN ;
| : WMEM, ( DISP MEM REG OP -- ) OVER W, MEM, ;
| : R/M, ( MR REG -- )
OVER REG? IF RR, ELSE MEM, THEN ;
| : WR/SM, ( R/M R OP -- ) 2 PICK DUP REG?
IF W, RR, ELSE DROP SIZE, MEM, THEN SIZE ON ;
| VARIABLE INTER
: FAR ( -- ) INTER ON ;
| : ?FAR ( n1 -- n2 ) INTER @ IF 10 OR THEN INTER OFF ;
\ *** Block No. 6 Hexblock 6
\ Defining Words to Generate Op Codes ks 19 m<>r 88
| : 1MI CREATE C, DOES> C@ C, ;
| : 2MI CREATE C, DOES> C@ C, 12 C, ;
| : 3MI CREATE C, DOES> C@ C, HERE - 1-
DUP -200 177 uWITHIN NOT ABORT" Branch out of Range" C, ;
| : 4MI CREATE C, DOES> C@ C, MEM, ;
| : 5MI CREATE C, DOES> C@ SIZE, SIZE ON ;
| : 6MI CREATE C, DOES> C@ SWAP W, ;
| : 7MI CREATE C, DOES> C@ 366 WR/SM, ;
| : 8MI CREATE C, DOES> C@ SWAP R16? 1 AND OR SWAP # =
IF C, C, ELSE 10 OR C, THEN ;
| : 9MI CREATE C, DOES> C@ OVER R16?
IF 100 OR SWAP RLOW OP, ELSE 376 WR/SM, THEN ;
| : 10MI CREATE C, DOES> C@ OVER CL =
IF NIP 322 ELSE 320 THEN WR/SM, ;
\ *** Block No. 7 Hexblock 7
\ Defining Words to Generate Op Codes ks 19 m<>r 88
| : 11MI CREATE C, C, DOES> OVER #) =
IF NIP C@ INTER @
IF 1 AND IF 352 ELSE 232 THEN C, SWAP , , INTER OFF
ELSE SWAP HERE - 2- SWAP 2DUP 1 AND SWAP BIG? NOT AND
IF 2 OP, C, ELSE C, 1- , THEN THEN
ELSE OVER S#) = IF NIP #) SWAP THEN
377 C, 1+ C@ ?FAR R/M, THEN ;
| : 12MI CREATE C, C, C, DOES> OVER REG?
IF C@ SWAP RLOW OP, ELSE 1+ OVER SEG?
IF C@ RLOW SWAP RMID OP,
ELSE COUNT SWAP C@ C, MEM,
THEN THEN ;
| : 14MI CREATE C, DOES> C@
DUP ?FAR C, 1 AND 0= IF , THEN ;
\ *** Block No. 8 Hexblock 8
\ Defining Words to Generate Op Codes ks 19 m<>r 88
| : 13MI CREATE C, C, DOES> COUNT >R C@ LOGICAL ! DUP REG?
IF OVER REG?
IF R> OVER W, SWAP RR, ELSE OVER DUP MEM? SWAP #) = OR
IF R> 2 OR WMEM, ELSE ( # ) NIP DUP RLOW 0= ( ACC? )
IF R> 4 OR OVER W, R16? ,/C,
ELSE OVER B/L? OVER R16? 2DUP AND
-ROT 1 AND SWAP NOT 2 AND OR 200 OP,
SWAP RLOW 300 OR R> OP, ,/C,
THEN THEN THEN
ELSE ( MEM ) ROT DUP REG?
IF R> WMEM,
ELSE ( # ) DROP 2 PICK B/L? DUP NOT 2 AND 200 OR SIZE,
-ROT R> MEM, SIZE @ AND ,/C, SIZE ON
THEN THEN ;
\ *** Block No. 9 Hexblock 9
\ Instructions ks 19 m<>r 88
: TEST ( source dest -- ) DUP REG?
IF OVER REG?
IF 204 OVER W, SWAP RR, ELSE OVER DUP MEM? SWAP #) = OR
IF 204 WMEM, ELSE ( # ) NIP DUP RLOW 0= ( ACC? )
IF 250 OVER W,
ELSE 366 OVER W, DUP RLOW 300 OP,
THEN R16? ,/C, THEN THEN
ELSE ( MEM ) ROT DUP REG?
IF 204 WMEM,
ELSE ( # ) DROP 366 SIZE, 0 MEM, SIZE @ ,/C, SIZE ON
THEN THEN ;
\ *** Block No. 10 Hexblock A
\ Instructions ks 19 m<>r 88
HEX
: ESC ( source ext-opcode -- ) RLOW 0D8 OP, R/M, ;
: INT ( N -- ) 0CD C, C, ;
: SEG ( SEG -- ) RMID 26 OP, ;
: XCHG ( MR1 MR2 -- ) DUP REG?
IF DUP AX =
IF DROP RLOW 90 OP, ELSE OVER AX =
IF NIP RLOW 90 OP, ELSE 86 WR/SM, THEN THEN
ELSE ROT 86 WR/SM, THEN ;
: CS: CS SEG ;
: DS: DS SEG ;
: ES: ES SEG ;
: SS: SS SEG ;
\ *** Block No. 11 Hexblock B
\ Instructions ks 19 m<>r 88
: MOV ( S D -- ) DUP SEG?
IF 8E C, R/M, ELSE DUP REG?
IF OVER #) = OVER RLOW 0= AND
IF A0 SWAP W, DROP , ELSE OVER SEG?
IF SWAP 8C C, RR, ELSE OVER # =
IF NIP DUP R16? SWAP RLOW OVER 8 AND OR B0 OP, ,/C,
ELSE 8A OVER W, R/M, THEN THEN THEN
ELSE ( MEM ) ROT DUP SEG?
IF 8C C, MEM, ELSE DUP # =
IF DROP C6 SIZE, 0 MEM, SIZE @ ,/C,
ELSE OVER #) = OVER RLOW 0= AND
IF A2 SWAP W, DROP , ELSE 88 OVER W, R/M,
THEN THEN THEN THEN THEN SIZE ON ;
\ *** Block No. 12 Hexblock C
\ Instructions 12Oct83map
37 1MI AAA D5 2MI AAD D4 2MI AAM 3F 1MI AAS
0 10 13MI ADC 0 00 13MI ADD 2 20 13MI AND 10 E8 11MI CALL
98 1MI CBW F8 1MI CLC FC 1MI CLD FA 1MI CLI
F5 1MI CMC 0 38 13MI CMP A6 5MI CMPS 99 1MI CWD
27 1MI DAA 2F 1MI DAS 08 9MI DEC 30 7MI DIV
( ESC ) F4 1MI HLT 38 7MI IDIV 28 7MI IMUL
E4 8MI IN 00 9MI INC ( INT ) 0CE 1MI INTO
0CF 1MI IRET 77 3MI JA 73 3MI JAE 72 3MI JB
76 3MI JBE E3 3MI JCXZ 74 3MI JE 7F 3MI JG
7D 3MI JGE 7C 3MI JL 7E 3MI JLE 20 E9 11MI JMP
75 3MI JNE 71 3MI JNO 79 3MI JNS 70 3MI JO
7A 3MI JPE 7B 3MI JPO 78 3MI JS 9F 1MI LAHF
C5 4MI LDS 8D 4MI LEA C4 4MI LES F0 1MI LOCK
0AC 6MI LODS E2 3MI LOOP E1 3MI LOOPE E0 3MI LOOPNE
\ *** Block No. 13 Hexblock D
\ Instructions 12Apr84map
( MOV ) 0A4 5MI MOVS 20 7MI MUL 18 7MI NEG
90 1MI NOP 10 7MI NOT 2 08 13MI OR E6 8MI OUT
8F 07 58 12MI POP 9D 1MI POPF
0FF 36 50 12MI PUSH 9C 1MI PUSHF
10 10MI RCL 18 10MI RCR
F2 1MI REP F2 1MI REPNZ F3 1MI REPZ
C3 14MI RET 00 10MI ROL 8 10MI ROR 9E 1MI SAHF
38 10MI SAR 0 18 13MI SBB 0AE 5MI SCAS ( SEG )
20 10MI SHL 28 10MI SHR F9 1MI STC FD 1MI STD
FB 1MI STI 0AA 6MI STOS 0 28 13MI SUB ( TEST )
9B 1MI WAIT ( XCHG ) D7 1MI XLAT 2 30 13MI XOR
C2 14MI +RET
\ *** Block No. 14 Hexblock E
\ Structured Conditionals ks 19 m<>r 88
: A?>MARK ( -- f addr ) TRUE HERE 0 C, ;
: A?>RESOLVE ( f addr -- ) HERE OVER 1+ - SWAP C! true ?pairs ;
: A?<MARK ( -- f addr ) TRUE HERE ;
: A?<RESOLVE ( f addr -- ) HERE 1+ - C, true ?pairs ;
' A?>MARK ASSEMBLER IS ?>MARK
' A?>RESOLVE ASSEMBLER IS ?>RESOLVE
' A?<MARK ASSEMBLER IS ?<MARK
' A?<RESOLVE ASSEMBLER IS ?<RESOLVE
HEX
75 CONSTANT 0= 74 CONSTANT 0<> 79 CONSTANT 0<
78 CONSTANT 0>= 7D CONSTANT < 7C CONSTANT >=
7F CONSTANT <= 7E CONSTANT > 73 CONSTANT U<
72 CONSTANT U>= 77 CONSTANT U<= 76 CONSTANT U>
71 CONSTANT OV
DECIMAL
\ *** Block No. 15 Hexblock F
\ Structured Conditionals cas 10nov05
HEX
: IF C, ?>MARK ;
: THEN ?>RESOLVE ;
: ELSE 0EB IF 2SWAP THEN ;
: BEGIN ?<MARK ;
: UNTIL C, ?<RESOLVE ;
: AGAIN 0EB UNTIL ;
: WHILE IF ;
: REPEAT 2SWAP AGAIN THEN ;
: DO # CX MOV HERE ;
: Next AX lods AX DI xchg 0 [DI] jmp
[ Assembler ] here next-link @ , next-link ! ;
\ volksFORTH uses "inline" Next and a linked list, to find all
\ existing NEXT for the debugger.
DECIMAL
\ *** Block No. 16 Hexblock 10
\ *** Block No. 17 Hexblock 11
\ 8086 Assembler 08OCT83HHL
LABEL marks the start of a subroutine whose name returns its
address.
DOES-OP Is the op code of the call instruction used for DOES> U
C; A synonym for END-CODE
Deferring the definitions of the commas, marks, and resolves
allows the same assembler to serve for both the system and the
Meta-Compiler.
\ *** Block No. 18 Hexblock 12
\ 8086 Assembler Register Definitions 12Oct83map
On the 8086, register names are cleverly defined constants.
The value returned by registers and by modes such as #) contains
both mode and register information. The instructions use the
mode information to decide how many arguments exist, and what to
assemble.
Like many CPUs, the 8086 uses many 3 bit fields in its opcodes
This makes octal ( base 8 ) natural for describing the registers
We redefine the Registers that FORTH uses to implement its
virtual machine.
\ *** Block No. 19 Hexblock 13
\ Addressing Modes 16Oct83map
MD defines words which test for various modes.
R8? R16? MEM? SEG? #? test for mode equal to 0 thru 4.
REG? tests for any register mode ( 8 or 16 bit).
BIG? tests offsets size. True if won't fit in one byte.
RLOW mask off all but low register field.
RMID mask off all but middle register field.
SIZE true for 16 bit, false for 8 bit.
BYTE set size to 8 bit.
OP, for efficiency. OR two numbers and assemble.
W, assemble opcode with W field set for size of register.
SIZE, assemble opcode with W field set for size of data.
,/C, assemble either 8 or 16 bits.
RR, assemble register to register instruction.
LOGICAL true while assembling logical instructions.
B/L? see 13MI
\ *** Block No. 20 Hexblock 14
\ Addressing 16Oct83map
These words perform most of the addressing mode encoding.
MEM, handles memory reference modes. It takes a displacement,
a mode/register, and a register, and encodes and assembles
them.
WMEM, uses MEM, after packing the register size into the opcode
R/M, assembles either a register to register or a register to
or from memory mode.
WR/SM, assembles either a register mode with size field, or a
memory mode with size from SIZE. Default is 16 bit. Use BYTE
for 8 bit size.
INTER true if inter-segment jump, call, or return.
FAR sets INTER true. Usage: FAR JMP, FAR CALL, FAR RET.
?FAR sets far bit, clears flag.
\ *** Block No. 21 Hexblock 15
\ Defining Words to Generate Op Codes 12Oct83map
1MI define one byte constant instructions.
2MI define ascii adjust instructions.
3MI define branch instructions, with one byte offset.
4MI define LDS, LEA, LES instructions.
5MI define string instructions.
6MI define more string instructions.
7MI define multiply and divide instructions.
8MI define input and output instructions.
9MI define increment/decrement instructions.
10MI define shift/rotate instructions.
*NOTE* To allow both 'ax shl' and 'ax cl shl', if the register
on top of the stack is cl, shift second register by cl. If not,
shift top ( only) register by one.
\ *** Block No. 22 Hexblock 16
\ Defining Words to Generate Op Codes 09Apr84map
11MI define calls and jumps.
notice that the first byte stored is E9 for jmp and E8 for call
so C@ 1 AND is zero for call, 1 for jmp.
syntax for direct intersegment: address segment #) FAR JMP
12MI define pushes and pops.
14MI defines returns.
RET FAR RET n +RET n FAR +RET
\ *** Block No. 23 Hexblock 17
\ Defining Words to Generate Op Codes 16Oct83map
13MI define arithmetic and logical instructions.
\ *** Block No. 24 Hexblock 18
\ Instructions 16Oct83map
TEST bits in dest
\ *** Block No. 25 Hexblock 19
\ Instructions 16Oct83map
ESC
INT assemble interrupt instruction.
SEG assemble segment instruction.
XCHG assemble register swap instruction.
CS: DS: ES: SS: assemble segment over-ride instructions.
\ *** Block No. 26 Hexblock 1A
\ Instructions 12Oct83map
MOV as usual, the move instruction is the most complicated.
It allows more addressing modes than any other, each of which
assembles something more or less unique.
\ *** Block No. 27 Hexblock 1B
\ Instructions 12Oct83map
Most instructions are defined on these two screens. Mnemonics in
parentheses are defined earlier or not at all.
\ *** Block No. 28 Hexblock 1C
\ Instructions 12Oct83map
Most instructions are defined on these two screens. Mnemonics in
parentheses are defined earlier or not at all.
\ *** Block No. 29 Hexblock 1D
\ Structured Conditionals 16Oct83map
A?>MARK assembler version of forward mark.
A?>RESOLVE assembler version of forward resolve.
A?<MARK assembler version of backward mark.
A?<RESOLVE assembler version of backward resolve.
These conditional test words leave the opcodes of conditional
branches to be used by the structured conditional words.
For example,
5 # CX CMP 0< IF AX BX ADD ELSE AX BX SUB THEN
\ *** Block No. 30 Hexblock 1E
\ Structured Conditionals 12Oct83map
One of the very best features of FORTH assemblers is the ability
to use structured conditionals instead of branching to nonsense
labels.
\ *** Block No. 31 Hexblock 1F
\ *** Block No. 32 Hexblock 20
\ *** Block No. 33 Hexblock 21
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