Inlined call call __init Eliminating unused variable with no statement main::$0 Eliminating unused variable with no statement main::$1 Removing C-classic struct-unwound assignment sum::d = struct-unwound {*((char *)&sum::d+OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_C), *((char *)&sum::d+OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_D)} Removing C-classic struct-unwound assignment sum::return = struct-unwound {*(&sum::return)} CONTROL FLOW GRAPH SSA void main() main: scope:[main] from __start::@1 idx#11 = phi( __start::@1/idx#12 ) sum::a#0 = 1 sum::b#0 = 2 call sum sum::return = sum::return to:main::@1 main::@1: scope:[main] from main idx#6 = phi( main/idx#11 ) main::x = sum::return SCREEN[idx#6] = *((char *)&main::x+OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_C) idx#0 = ++ idx#6 sum::a#1 = 3 sum::b#1 = 4 call sum sum::return = sum::return to:main::@2 main::@2: scope:[main] from main::@1 idx#7 = phi( main::@1/idx#0 ) main::y = sum::return SCREEN[idx#7] = *((char *)&main::y+OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_D) idx#1 = ++ idx#7 to:main::@return main::@return: scope:[main] from main::@2 idx#8 = phi( main::@2/idx#1 ) idx#2 = idx#8 return to:@return struct Data sum(char a , char b) sum: scope:[sum] from main main::@1 sum::b#2 = phi( main/sum::b#0, main::@1/sum::b#1 ) sum::a#2 = phi( main/sum::a#0, main::@1/sum::a#1 ) sum::$0 = sum::a#2 + sum::b#2 *((char *)&sum::d+OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_C) = sum::$0 *((char *)&sum::d+OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_D) = sum::b#2 *(&sum::return) = memcpy(*(&sum::d), struct Data, SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA) to:sum::@return sum::@return: scope:[sum] from sum return to:@return void __start() __start: scope:[__start] from to:__start::__init1 __start::__init1: scope:[__start] from __start idx#3 = 0 to:__start::@1 __start::@1: scope:[__start] from __start::__init1 idx#12 = phi( __start::__init1/idx#3 ) call main to:__start::@2 __start::@2: scope:[__start] from __start::@1 idx#9 = phi( __start::@1/idx#2 ) idx#4 = idx#9 to:__start::@return __start::@return: scope:[__start] from __start::@2 idx#10 = phi( __start::@2/idx#4 ) idx#5 = idx#10 return to:@return SYMBOL TABLE SSA __constant char OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_C = 0 __constant char OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_D = 1 __constant char * const SCREEN = (char *)$400 __constant char SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA = 2 void __start() char idx char idx#0 char idx#1 char idx#10 char idx#11 char idx#12 char idx#2 char idx#3 char idx#4 char idx#5 char idx#6 char idx#7 char idx#8 char idx#9 void main() __loadstore struct Data main::x __loadstore struct Data main::y struct Data sum(char a , char b) char sum::$0 char sum::a char sum::a#0 char sum::a#1 char sum::a#2 char sum::b char sum::b#0 char sum::b#1 char sum::b#2 __loadstore struct Data sum::d __loadstore struct Data sum::return Adding number conversion cast (unumber) 1 in sum::a#0 = 1 Adding number conversion cast (unumber) 2 in sum::b#0 = 2 Adding number conversion cast (unumber) 3 in sum::a#1 = 3 Adding number conversion cast (unumber) 4 in sum::b#1 = 4 Successful SSA optimization PassNAddNumberTypeConversions Inlining cast sum::a#0 = (unumber)1 Inlining cast sum::b#0 = (unumber)2 Inlining cast sum::a#1 = (unumber)3 Inlining cast sum::b#1 = (unumber)4 Successful SSA optimization Pass2InlineCast Simplifying constant pointer cast (char *) 1024 Simplifying constant integer cast 1 Simplifying constant integer cast 2 Simplifying constant integer cast 3 Simplifying constant integer cast 4 Successful SSA optimization PassNCastSimplification Finalized unsigned number type (char) 1 Finalized unsigned number type (char) 2 Finalized unsigned number type (char) 3 Finalized unsigned number type (char) 4 Successful SSA optimization PassNFinalizeNumberTypeConversions Alias idx#11 = idx#6 Alias idx#0 = idx#7 Alias idx#1 = idx#8 idx#2 Alias idx#12 = idx#3 Alias idx#10 = idx#4 idx#9 idx#5 Successful SSA optimization Pass2AliasElimination Identical Phi Values idx#11 idx#12 Identical Phi Values idx#10 idx#1 Successful SSA optimization Pass2IdenticalPhiElimination Constant sum::a#0 = 1 Constant sum::b#0 = 2 Constant sum::a#1 = 3 Constant sum::b#1 = 4 Constant idx#12 = 0 Successful SSA optimization Pass2ConstantIdentification Simplifying expression containing zero (char *)&main::x in [6] SCREEN[idx#12] = *((char *)&main::x+OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_C) Simplifying expression containing zero SCREEN in [6] SCREEN[idx#12] = *((char *)&main::x) Simplifying expression containing zero (char *)&sum::d in [18] *((char *)&sum::d+OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_C) = sum::$0 Successful SSA optimization PassNSimplifyExpressionWithZero Eliminating unused variable idx#1 and assignment [9] idx#1 = ++ idx#0 Eliminating unused constant OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_C Successful SSA optimization PassNEliminateUnusedVars Removing unused procedure __start Removing unused procedure block __start Removing unused procedure block __start::__init1 Removing unused procedure block __start::@1 Removing unused procedure block __start::@2 Removing unused procedure block __start::@return Successful SSA optimization PassNEliminateEmptyStart Constant right-side identified [4] idx#0 = ++ idx#12 Successful SSA optimization Pass2ConstantRValueConsolidation Constant idx#0 = ++idx#12 Successful SSA optimization Pass2ConstantIdentification Inlining constant with var siblings sum::a#0 Inlining constant with var siblings sum::b#0 Inlining constant with var siblings sum::a#1 Inlining constant with var siblings sum::b#1 Inlining constant with different constant siblings idx#12 Inlining constant with different constant siblings idx#0 Constant inlined sum::b#1 = 4 Constant inlined sum::b#0 = 2 Constant inlined sum::a#1 = 3 Constant inlined idx#12 = 0 Constant inlined idx#0 = ++0 Constant inlined sum::a#0 = 1 Successful SSA optimization Pass2ConstantInlining Consolidated array index constant in *(SCREEN+++0) Successful SSA optimization Pass2ConstantAdditionElimination Simplifying constant integer increment ++0 Successful SSA optimization Pass2ConstantSimplification Removing C-classic struct-unwound assignment sum::return = struct-unwound {} Removing C-classic struct-unwound assignment main::x = struct-unwound {*(&main::x)} Removing C-classic struct-unwound assignment sum::return = struct-unwound {} Removing C-classic struct-unwound assignment main::y = struct-unwound {*(&main::y)} Adding NOP phi() at start of main CALL GRAPH Calls in [main] to sum:1 sum:4 Created 2 initial phi equivalence classes Coalesced down to 2 phi equivalence classes Adding NOP phi() at start of main FINAL CONTROL FLOW GRAPH void main() main: scope:[main] from [0] phi() [1] call sum to:main::@1 main::@1: scope:[main] from main [2] *(&main::x) = memcpy(*(&sum::return), struct Data, SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA) [3] *SCREEN = *((char *)&main::x) [4] call sum to:main::@2 main::@2: scope:[main] from main::@1 [5] *(&main::y) = memcpy(*(&sum::return), struct Data, SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA) [6] *(SCREEN+1) = *((char *)&main::y+OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_D) to:main::@return main::@return: scope:[main] from main::@2 [7] return to:@return struct Data sum(char a , char b) sum: scope:[sum] from main main::@1 [8] sum::b#2 = phi( main/2, main::@1/4 ) [8] sum::a#2 = phi( main/1, main::@1/3 ) [9] sum::$0 = sum::a#2 + sum::b#2 [10] *((char *)&sum::d) = sum::$0 [11] *((char *)&sum::d+OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_D) = sum::b#2 [12] *(&sum::return) = memcpy(*(&sum::d), struct Data, SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA) to:sum::@return sum::@return: scope:[sum] from sum [13] return to:@return VARIABLE REGISTER WEIGHTS char idx void main() __loadstore struct Data main::x __loadstore struct Data main::y struct Data sum(char a , char b) char sum::$0 // 22.0 char sum::a char sum::a#2 // 11.0 char sum::b char sum::b#2 // 7.333333333333333 __loadstore struct Data sum::d __loadstore struct Data sum::return Initial phi equivalence classes [ sum::a#2 ] [ sum::b#2 ] Added variable sum::$0 to live range equivalence class [ sum::$0 ] Added variable main::x to live range equivalence class [ main::x ] Added variable main::y to live range equivalence class [ main::y ] Added variable sum::return to live range equivalence class [ sum::return ] Added variable sum::d to live range equivalence class [ sum::d ] Complete equivalence classes [ sum::a#2 ] [ sum::b#2 ] [ sum::$0 ] [ main::x ] [ main::y ] [ sum::return ] [ sum::d ] Allocated zp[1]:2 [ sum::$0 ] Allocated zp[1]:3 [ sum::a#2 ] Allocated zp[1]:4 [ sum::b#2 ] Allocated zp[2]:5 [ main::x ] Allocated zp[2]:7 [ main::y ] Allocated zp[2]:9 [ sum::return ] Allocated zp[2]:11 [ sum::d ] REGISTER UPLIFT POTENTIAL REGISTERS Statement [2] *(&main::x) = memcpy(*(&sum::return), struct Data, SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA) [ main::x sum::return main::y sum::d ] ( [ main::x sum::return main::y sum::d ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a reg byte y Statement [3] *SCREEN = *((char *)&main::x) [ sum::return main::y sum::d ] ( [ sum::return main::y sum::d ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a Statement [5] *(&main::y) = memcpy(*(&sum::return), struct Data, SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA) [ main::y ] ( [ main::y ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a reg byte y Statement [6] *(SCREEN+1) = *((char *)&main::y+OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_D) [ ] ( [ ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a Statement [9] sum::$0 = sum::a#2 + sum::b#2 [ sum::return sum::b#2 sum::$0 sum::d ] ( sum:1 [ main::x main::y sum::return sum::b#2 sum::$0 sum::d ] { } sum:4 [ main::y sum::return sum::b#2 sum::$0 sum::d ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a Removing always clobbered register reg byte a as potential for zp[1]:4 [ sum::b#2 ] Statement [12] *(&sum::return) = memcpy(*(&sum::d), struct Data, SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA) [ sum::return sum::d ] ( sum:1 [ main::x main::y sum::return sum::d ] { } sum:4 [ main::y sum::return sum::d ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a reg byte y Statement [2] *(&main::x) = memcpy(*(&sum::return), struct Data, SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA) [ main::x sum::return main::y sum::d ] ( [ main::x sum::return main::y sum::d ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a reg byte y Statement [3] *SCREEN = *((char *)&main::x) [ sum::return main::y sum::d ] ( [ sum::return main::y sum::d ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a Statement [5] *(&main::y) = memcpy(*(&sum::return), struct Data, SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA) [ main::y ] ( [ main::y ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a reg byte y Statement [6] *(SCREEN+1) = *((char *)&main::y+OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_D) [ ] ( [ ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a Statement [9] sum::$0 = sum::a#2 + sum::b#2 [ sum::return sum::b#2 sum::$0 sum::d ] ( sum:1 [ main::x main::y sum::return sum::b#2 sum::$0 sum::d ] { } sum:4 [ main::y sum::return sum::b#2 sum::$0 sum::d ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a Statement [12] *(&sum::return) = memcpy(*(&sum::d), struct Data, SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA) [ sum::return sum::d ] ( sum:1 [ main::x main::y sum::return sum::d ] { } sum:4 [ main::y sum::return sum::d ] { } ) always clobbers reg byte a reg byte y Potential registers zp[1]:3 [ sum::a#2 ] : zp[1]:3 , reg byte a , reg byte x , reg byte y , Potential registers zp[1]:4 [ sum::b#2 ] : zp[1]:4 , reg byte x , reg byte y , Potential registers zp[1]:2 [ sum::$0 ] : zp[1]:2 , reg byte a , reg byte x , reg byte y , Potential registers zp[2]:5 [ main::x ] : zp[2]:5 , Potential registers zp[2]:7 [ main::y ] : zp[2]:7 , Potential registers zp[2]:9 [ sum::return ] : zp[2]:9 , Potential registers zp[2]:11 [ sum::d ] : zp[2]:11 , REGISTER UPLIFT SCOPES Uplift Scope [sum] 22: zp[1]:2 [ sum::$0 ] 11: zp[1]:3 [ sum::a#2 ] 7.33: zp[1]:4 [ sum::b#2 ] 0: zp[2]:9 [ sum::return ] 0: zp[2]:11 [ sum::d ] Uplift Scope [Data] Uplift Scope [main] 0: zp[2]:5 [ main::x ] 0: zp[2]:7 [ main::y ] Uplift Scope [] Uplifting [sum] best 120 combination reg byte a [ sum::$0 ] reg byte a [ sum::a#2 ] reg byte x [ sum::b#2 ] zp[2]:9 [ sum::return ] zp[2]:11 [ sum::d ] Uplifting [Data] best 120 combination Uplifting [main] best 120 combination zp[2]:5 [ main::x ] zp[2]:7 [ main::y ] Uplifting [] best 120 combination Allocated (was zp[2]:5) zp[2]:2 [ main::x ] Allocated (was zp[2]:7) zp[2]:4 [ main::y ] Allocated (was zp[2]:9) zp[2]:6 [ sum::return ] Allocated (was zp[2]:11) zp[2]:8 [ sum::d ] ASSEMBLER BEFORE OPTIMIZATION // File Comments // Test intermediate vars // Upstart // Commodore 64 PRG executable file .file [name="intermediates-struct.prg", type="prg", segments="Program"] .segmentdef Program [segments="Basic, Code, Data"] .segmentdef Basic [start=$0801] .segmentdef Code [start=$80d] .segmentdef Data [startAfter="Code"] .segment Basic :BasicUpstart(main) // Global Constants & labels .const OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_D = 1 .const SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA = 2 .label SCREEN = $400 .segment Code // main main: { .label x = 2 .label y = 4 // [1] call sum // [8] phi from main to sum [phi:main->sum] sum_from_main: // [8] phi sum::b#2 = 2 [phi:main->sum#0] -- vbuxx=vbuc1 ldx #2 // [8] phi sum::a#2 = 1 [phi:main->sum#1] -- vbuaa=vbuc1 lda #1 jsr sum jmp __b1 // main::@1 __b1: // [2] *(&main::x) = memcpy(*(&sum::return), struct Data, SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA) -- _deref_pssc1=_deref_pssc2_memcpy_vbuc3 ldy #SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA !: lda sum.return-1,y sta x-1,y dey bne !- // [3] *SCREEN = *((char *)&main::x) -- _deref_pbuc1=_deref_pbuc2 lda.z x sta SCREEN // [4] call sum // [8] phi from main::@1 to sum [phi:main::@1->sum] sum_from___b1: // [8] phi sum::b#2 = 4 [phi:main::@1->sum#0] -- vbuxx=vbuc1 ldx #4 // [8] phi sum::a#2 = 3 [phi:main::@1->sum#1] -- vbuaa=vbuc1 lda #3 jsr sum jmp __b2 // main::@2 __b2: // [5] *(&main::y) = memcpy(*(&sum::return), struct Data, SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA) -- _deref_pssc1=_deref_pssc2_memcpy_vbuc3 ldy #SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA !: lda sum.return-1,y sta y-1,y dey bne !- // [6] *(SCREEN+1) = *((char *)&main::y+OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_D) -- _deref_pbuc1=_deref_pbuc2 lda.z y+OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_D sta SCREEN+1 jmp __breturn // main::@return __breturn: // [7] return rts } // sum // __zp(6) struct Data sum(__register(A) char a, __register(X) char b) sum: { .label return = 6 .label d = 8 // [9] sum::$0 = sum::a#2 + sum::b#2 -- vbuaa=vbuaa_plus_vbuxx stx.z $ff clc adc.z $ff // [10] *((char *)&sum::d) = sum::$0 -- _deref_pbuc1=vbuaa sta.z d // [11] *((char *)&sum::d+OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_D) = sum::b#2 -- _deref_pbuc1=vbuxx stx.z d+OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_D // [12] *(&sum::return) = memcpy(*(&sum::d), struct Data, SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA) -- _deref_pssc1=_deref_pssc2_memcpy_vbuc3 ldy #SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA !: lda d-1,y sta return-1,y dey bne !- jmp __breturn // sum::@return __breturn: // [13] return rts } // File Data ASSEMBLER OPTIMIZATIONS Removing instruction jmp __b1 Removing instruction jmp __b2 Removing instruction jmp __breturn Removing instruction jmp __breturn Succesful ASM optimization Pass5NextJumpElimination Removing instruction sum_from_main: Removing instruction __b1: Removing instruction sum_from___b1: Removing instruction __b2: Removing instruction __breturn: Removing instruction __breturn: Succesful ASM optimization Pass5UnusedLabelElimination FINAL SYMBOL TABLE __constant char OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_D = 1 __constant char * const SCREEN = (char *) 1024 __constant char SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA = 2 char idx void main() __loadstore struct Data main::x // zp[2]:2 __loadstore struct Data main::y // zp[2]:4 struct Data sum(char a , char b) char sum::$0 // reg byte a 22.0 char sum::a char sum::a#2 // reg byte a 11.0 char sum::b char sum::b#2 // reg byte x 7.333333333333333 __loadstore struct Data sum::d // zp[2]:8 __loadstore struct Data sum::return // zp[2]:6 reg byte a [ sum::a#2 ] reg byte x [ sum::b#2 ] reg byte a [ sum::$0 ] zp[2]:2 [ main::x ] zp[2]:4 [ main::y ] zp[2]:6 [ sum::return ] zp[2]:8 [ sum::d ] FINAL ASSEMBLER Score: 108 // File Comments // Test intermediate vars // Upstart // Commodore 64 PRG executable file .file [name="intermediates-struct.prg", type="prg", segments="Program"] .segmentdef Program [segments="Basic, Code, Data"] .segmentdef Basic [start=$0801] .segmentdef Code [start=$80d] .segmentdef Data [startAfter="Code"] .segment Basic :BasicUpstart(main) // Global Constants & labels .const OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_D = 1 .const SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA = 2 .label SCREEN = $400 .segment Code // main main: { .label x = 2 .label y = 4 // struct Data x = sum(1,2) // [1] call sum // [8] phi from main to sum [phi:main->sum] // [8] phi sum::b#2 = 2 [phi:main->sum#0] -- vbuxx=vbuc1 ldx #2 // [8] phi sum::a#2 = 1 [phi:main->sum#1] -- vbuaa=vbuc1 lda #1 jsr sum // main::@1 // struct Data x = sum(1,2) // [2] *(&main::x) = memcpy(*(&sum::return), struct Data, SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA) -- _deref_pssc1=_deref_pssc2_memcpy_vbuc3 ldy #SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA !: lda sum.return-1,y sta x-1,y dey bne !- // SCREEN[idx++] = x.c // [3] *SCREEN = *((char *)&main::x) -- _deref_pbuc1=_deref_pbuc2 lda.z x sta SCREEN // struct Data y = sum(3, 4) // [4] call sum // [8] phi from main::@1 to sum [phi:main::@1->sum] // [8] phi sum::b#2 = 4 [phi:main::@1->sum#0] -- vbuxx=vbuc1 ldx #4 // [8] phi sum::a#2 = 3 [phi:main::@1->sum#1] -- vbuaa=vbuc1 lda #3 jsr sum // main::@2 // struct Data y = sum(3, 4) // [5] *(&main::y) = memcpy(*(&sum::return), struct Data, SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA) -- _deref_pssc1=_deref_pssc2_memcpy_vbuc3 ldy #SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA !: lda sum.return-1,y sta y-1,y dey bne !- // SCREEN[idx++] = y.d // [6] *(SCREEN+1) = *((char *)&main::y+OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_D) -- _deref_pbuc1=_deref_pbuc2 lda.z y+OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_D sta SCREEN+1 // main::@return // } // [7] return rts } // sum // __zp(6) struct Data sum(__register(A) char a, __register(X) char b) sum: { .label return = 6 .label d = 8 // a+b // [9] sum::$0 = sum::a#2 + sum::b#2 -- vbuaa=vbuaa_plus_vbuxx stx.z $ff clc adc.z $ff // struct Data d = { a+b, b } // [10] *((char *)&sum::d) = sum::$0 -- _deref_pbuc1=vbuaa sta.z d // [11] *((char *)&sum::d+OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_D) = sum::b#2 -- _deref_pbuc1=vbuxx stx.z d+OFFSET_STRUCT_DATA_D // return d; // [12] *(&sum::return) = memcpy(*(&sum::d), struct Data, SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA) -- _deref_pssc1=_deref_pssc2_memcpy_vbuc3 ldy #SIZEOF_STRUCT_DATA !: lda d-1,y sta return-1,y dey bne !- // sum::@return // } // [13] return rts } // File Data