2002-07-17 23:05:56 +00:00
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>Getting Started with LLVM System</title>
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</head>
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<body bgcolor=white>
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<center><h1>Getting Started with the LLVM System<br><font size=3>By: <a
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href="mailto:gshi1@uiuc.edu">Guochun Shi</a>,
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2003-07-01 21:55:57 +00:00
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<a href="mailto:sabre@nondot.org">Chris Lattner</a>,
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<a href="mailto:criswell@uiuc.edu">John Criswell</a>, and
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2003-06-12 19:34:44 +00:00
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<a href="http://www.cs.uiuc.edu/~vadve">Vikram Adve</a>
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</font></h1></center>
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<!--=====================================================================-->
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<h2><a name="Contents">Contents</a></h2>
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<!--=====================================================================-->
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#overview">Overview</a>
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<li><a href="#starting">Getting started with LLVM</a>
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<ol>
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<li><a href="#requirements">Requirements</a>
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<ol>
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<li><a href="#hardware">Hardware</a>
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<li><a href="#software">Software</a>
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</ol>
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<li><a href="#quickstart">Getting started quickly (a summary)</a>
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<li><a href="#checkout">Checkout LLVM from CVS</a>
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<li><a href="#terminology">Terminology and Notation</tt></a>
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<li><a href="#objfiles">The location for object files</tt></a>
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<li><a href="#config">Local Configuration Options</tt></a>
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<li><a href="#environment">Setting up your environment</a>
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<li><a href="#compile">Compiling the source code</a>
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</ol>
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<li><a href="#layout">Program layout</a>
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<ol>
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<li><a href="#cvsdir">CVS directories</a>
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<li><a href="#dd"><tt>Depend</tt>, <tt>Debug</tt>, &
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<tt>Release</tt> directories</a></li>
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<li><a href="#include"><tt>llvm/include</tt></a>
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<li><a href="#lib"><tt>llvm/lib</tt></a>
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<li><a href="#test"><tt>llvm/test</tt></a>
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<li><a href="#tools"><tt>llvm/tools</tt></a>
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</ol>
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<li><a href="#tutorial">An example using the LLVM tool chain</a>
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<li><a href="#links">Links</a>
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</ul>
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<!--=====================================================================-->
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<center>
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<h2><a name="overview"><b>Overview</b></a></h2>
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</center>
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<!--=====================================================================-->
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<p>The <a href"starting">next section</a> of this guide is meant to get
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you up and running with LLVM and to give you some basic information about
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the LLVM environment. The <a href"#quickstart">first subsection</a> gives
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a short summary for those who are already familiar with the system and
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want to get started as quickly as possible.
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<p>The later sections of this guide describe the <a
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href="#layout">general layout</a> of the the LLVM source-tree, a <a
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href="#tutorial">simple example</a> using the LLVM tool chain, and <a
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href="#links">links</a> to find more information about LLVM or to get
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help via e-mail.
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<!--=====================================================================-->
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<center>
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<h2><a name="starting"><b>Getting Started</b></a></h2>
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</center>
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<!--=====================================================================-->
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2003-06-30 21:59:07 +00:00
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<!--=====================================================================-->
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<h3><a name="requirements"><b>Requirements</b></a></h3>
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<!--=====================================================================-->
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<!--=====================================================================-->
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<h4><a name="hardware"><b>Hardware</b></a></h4>
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<!--=====================================================================-->
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LLVM is known to work on the following platforms:
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<ul>
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<li> Linux on x86
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<ul>
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<li> Approximately 700 MB of Free Disk Space
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<ul>
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<li>Source code: 30 MB
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<li>Object code: 670 MB
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</ul>
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</ul>
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<li> Solaris on Sparc
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<ul>
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<li> Approximately 1.03 GB of Free Disk Space
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<ul>
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<li>Source code: 30 MB
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<li>Object code: 1000 MB
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</ul>
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</ul>
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</ul>
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LLVM may compile on other platforms. While the LLVM utilities should work,
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they will only generate Sparc or x86 machine code.
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<!--=====================================================================-->
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<h4><a name="software"><b>Software</b></a></h4>
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<!--=====================================================================-->
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<p>
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Compiling LLVM requires that you have several different software packages
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installed:
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<ul>
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<li> GCC
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<p>
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The GNU Compiler Collection must be installed with C and C++ language
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support. GCC 3.x is supported, although some effort has been made to
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support GCC 2.96.
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</p>
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<p>
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Note that we currently do not support any other C++ compiler.
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</p>
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<li> GNU Make
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<p>
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The LLVM build system relies upon GNU Make extensions. Therefore, you
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will need GNU Make (sometimes known as gmake) to build LLVM.
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</p>
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<li> Flex and Bison
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<p>
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The LLVM source code is built using flex and bison. You will not be
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able to configure and compile LLVM without them.
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</p>
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</ul>
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<p>
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There are some additional tools that you may want to have when working with
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LLVM:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li> GNU Autoconf and GNU M4
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<p>
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If you want to make changes to the autoconf scripts which configure LLVM
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for compilation, you will need GNU autoconf, and consequently, GNU M4.
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LLVM was built with autoconf 2.53, so that release and any later
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release should work.
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</p>
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</ul>
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2003-06-12 19:34:44 +00:00
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<!--=====================================================================-->
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<h3><a name="quickstart"><b>Getting Started Quickly (A Summary)</b></a></h3>
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<!--=====================================================================-->
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Here's the short story for getting up and running quickly with LLVM:
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<ol>
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<li>Find the path to the CVS repository containing LLVM (we'll call this <i>CVSROOTDIR</i>).
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<li><tt>cd <i>where-you-want-llvm-to-live</i></tt>
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<li><tt>cvs -d <i>CVSROOTDIR</i> checkout llvm</tt>
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<li><tt>cd llvm</tt>
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<li>Run <tt>configure</tt> to configure the Makefiles and header files.
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Useful options include:
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<ul>
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<li><tt>--with-objroot=<i>directory</i></tt>
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<br>
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Specifiy where object files should be placed during the build.
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<li><tt>--with-llvmgccdir=<i>directory</i></tt>
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<br>
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Specifiy where the LLVM C frontend has been installed.
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</ul>
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<li>Set your LLVM_LIB_SEARCH_PATH environment variable.
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<li><tt>gmake -k |& tee gnumake.out
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# this is csh or tcsh syntax</tt>
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</ol>
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<p>See <a href="#environment">Setting up your environment</a> on tips to
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simplify working with the LLVM front-end and compiled tools. See the
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other sub-sections below for other useful details in working with LLVM,
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or go straight to <a href="#layout">Program Layout</a> to learn about the
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layout of the source code tree.
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<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
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<h3><a name="terminology">Terminology and Notation</a></h3>
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<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
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<p>Throughout this manual, the following names are used to denote paths
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specific to the local system and working environment. <i>These are not
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environment variables you need to set but just strings used in the rest
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of this document below</i>. In any of the examples below, simply replace
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each of these names with the appropriate pathname on your local system.
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All these paths are absolute:</p>
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<ul>
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</ul>
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<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
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<h3><a name="checkout">Checkout LLVM from CVS</a></h3>
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<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
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<p>Before checking out the source code, you will need to know the path to
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the CVS repository containing the LLVM source code (we'll call this
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<i>CVSROOTDIR</i> below). Ask the person responsible for your local LLVM
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installation to give you this path.
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<p>To get a fresh copy of the entire source code, all you
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need to do is check it out from CVS as follows:
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<ul>
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<li><tt>cd <i>where-you-want-llvm-to-live</i></tt>
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<li><tt>cvs -d <i>CVSROOTDIR</i> checkout llvm</tt></p>
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</ul>
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<p>This will create an '<tt>llvm</tt>' directory in the current
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directory and fully populate it with the LLVM source code, Makefiles,
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test directories, and local copies of documentation files.</p>
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<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
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<h3><a name="config">Local Configuration Options</a></h3>
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<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
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2003-06-30 21:59:07 +00:00
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<p>Once checked out from the CVS repository, options and pathnames specific
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to an installation of LLVM can be set via the <tt>configure</tt> script.
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This script sets variables in <tt>llvm/Makefile.config</tt> and
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<tt>llvm/include/Config/config.h</tt>.
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<p>
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The following environment variables are used by <tt>configure</tt> to
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configure Makefile.config:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<p><li><i>CXX</i> = Pathname of the C++ compiler to use.
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<p><li><i>CC</i> = Pathname of the C compiler to use.
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</ul>
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The following options can be used to set or enable LLVM specific options:
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<ul>
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<p><li><i>--with-objroot=LLVM_OBJ_ROOT</i> =
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Path to the directory where
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object files, libraries, and executables should be placed.
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(See the Section on <a href=#objfiles>
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The location for LLVM object files</a>
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for more information.)
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<p><li><i>--with-llvmgccdir=LLVMGCCDIR</i> =
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Path to the location of the LLVM front-end
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binaries and associated libraries.
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<p><li><i>--enable-optimized</i> =
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Enables optimized compilation (debugging symbols are removed and GCC
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optimization flags are enabled).
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<p><li><i>--enable-jit</i> =
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Compile the Just In Time (JIT) functionality. This is not available
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on all platforms.
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</ul>
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2003-06-30 21:59:07 +00:00
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In addition to running <tt>configure</tt>, you must set the
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<tt>LLVM_LIB_SEARCH_PATH</tt> environment variable in your startup scripts.
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This environment variable is used to locate "system" libraries like
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"<tt>-lc</tt>" and "<tt>-lm</tt>" when linking. This variable should be set
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to the absolute path for the bytecode-libs subdirectory of the C front-end
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install. For example, one might set <tt>LLVM_LIB_SEARCH_PATH</tt> to
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<tt>/home/vadve/lattner/local/x86/llvm-gcc/bytecode-libs</tt> for the X86
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version of the C front-end on our research machines.<p>
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<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
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<h3><a name="objfiles">The location for LLVM object files</a></h3>
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<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
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<p>The LLVM make system sends most output files generated during the build
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into the directory defined by the variable OBJ_ROOT in
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<tt>llvm/Makefile.config</tt>. This can be either just your normal LLVM
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source tree or some other directory writable by you. You may wish to put
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object files on a different filesystem either to keep them from being backed
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up or to speed up local builds.
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2003-06-30 21:59:07 +00:00
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<p>If you wish to place output files into a separate directory, use the
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<tt>--with-objroot=<i>directory</i></tt> option of <tt>configure</tt> to
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set the top level directory of where the object files will go. Otherwise,
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leave this option unspecified, and <tt>configure</tt> will place files
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within the LLVM source tree.
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<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
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<h3><a name="environment">Setting up your environment</a></h3>
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<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
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<i>NOTE: This step is optional but will set up your environment so you
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can use the compiled LLVM tools with as little hassle as
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possible.</i>)
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<p>Add the following lines to your <tt>.cshrc</tt> (or the corresponding
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lines to your <tt>.profile</tt> if you use a bourne shell derivative).
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<pre>
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# Make the C front end easy to use...
|
|
|
|
|
alias llvmgcc <i>LLVMGCCDIR</i><tt>/bin/llvm-gcc</tt>
|
2002-09-06 16:26:13 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Make the LLVM tools easy to use...
|
2003-06-12 19:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
setenv PATH <i>OBJ_ROOT</i>/llvm/tools/Debug:${PATH}
|
|
|
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
The <tt>llvmgcc</tt> alias is useful because the C compiler is not
|
|
|
|
|
included in the CVS tree you just checked out.
|
2003-06-30 21:59:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2003-06-12 19:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<p>The other <a href="#tools">LLVM tools</a> are part of the LLVM
|
|
|
|
|
source base and built when compiling LLVM. They will be built into the
|
|
|
|
|
<tt><i>OBJ_ROOT</i>/tools/Debug</tt> directory.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="compile">Compiling the source code</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Every directory in the LLVM source tree includes a <tt>Makefile</tt> to
|
|
|
|
|
build it and any subdirectories that it contains. These makefiles require
|
2003-06-30 21:59:07 +00:00
|
|
|
that you use GNU Make (sometimes called <tt>gmake</tt>) instead of
|
|
|
|
|
<tt>make</tt> to
|
2003-06-12 19:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
build them, but can
|
|
|
|
|
otherwise be used freely. To build the entire LLVM system, just enter the
|
|
|
|
|
top level <tt>llvm</tt> directory and type <tt>gmake</tt>. A few minutes
|
|
|
|
|
later you will hopefully have a freshly compiled toolchain waiting for you
|
|
|
|
|
in <tt><i>OBJ_ROOT</i>/llvm/tools/Debug</tt>. If you want to look at the
|
2003-06-30 21:59:07 +00:00
|
|
|
libraries that
|
|
|
|
|
were compiled, look in <tt><i>OBJ_ROOT</i>/llvm/lib/Debug</tt>.</p>
|
2003-06-12 19:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you get an error about a <tt>/localhome</tt> directory, follow the
|
|
|
|
|
instructions in the section about <a href="#environment">Setting Up Your
|
|
|
|
|
Environment.</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!--=====================================================================-->
|
|
|
|
|
<center>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="layout"><b>Program Layout</b></a></h2>
|
|
|
|
|
</center>
|
|
|
|
|
<!--=====================================================================-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>One useful source of infomation about the LLVM sourcebase is the LLVM <a
|
|
|
|
|
href="http://www.doxygen.org">doxygen</a> documentation, available at <tt><a
|
|
|
|
|
href="http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu/doxygen/">http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu/doxygen/</a></tt>. The
|
|
|
|
|
following is a brief introduction to code layout:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="cvsdir"><tt>CVS</tt> directories</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Every directory checked out of CVS will contain a <tt>CVS</tt> directory;
|
|
|
|
|
for the most part these can just be ignored.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="ddr"><tt>Depend</tt>, <tt>Debug</tt>, & <tt>Release</tt>
|
2002-08-09 16:14:56 +00:00
|
|
|
directories</a></h3>
|
2003-06-12 19:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you are building with the "<tt>OBJ_ROOT=.</tt>" option enabled in the
|
2003-06-30 21:59:07 +00:00
|
|
|
<tt>Makefile.config</tt> file (i.e. you did not specify
|
|
|
|
|
<tt>--with-objroot</tt> when you ran <tt>configure</tt>), most source
|
|
|
|
|
directories will contain two
|
2003-06-12 19:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
directories, <tt>Depend</tt> and <tt>Debug</tt>. The <tt>Depend</tt>
|
|
|
|
|
directory contains automatically generated dependance files which are used
|
|
|
|
|
during compilation to make sure that source files get rebuilt if a header
|
|
|
|
|
file they use is modified. The <tt>Debug</tt> directory holds the object
|
|
|
|
|
files, library files, and executables that are used for building a debug
|
|
|
|
|
enabled build. The <tt>Release</tt> directory is created to hold the same
|
|
|
|
|
files when the <tt>ENABLE_OPTIMIZED=1</tt> flag is passed to <tt>gmake</tt>,
|
2003-06-30 21:59:07 +00:00
|
|
|
causing an optimized build to be performed.<p>
|
2003-06-12 19:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="include"><tt>llvm/include</tt></a></h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This directory contains public header files exported from the LLVM
|
2003-06-30 21:59:07 +00:00
|
|
|
library. The three main subdirectories of this directory are:<p>
|
2003-06-12 19:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2002-07-17 23:05:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<ol>
|
2003-06-12 19:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<li><tt>llvm/include/llvm</tt> - This directory contains all of the LLVM
|
|
|
|
|
specific header files. This directory also has subdirectories for
|
|
|
|
|
different portions of LLVM: <tt>Analysis</tt>, <tt>CodeGen</tt>,
|
|
|
|
|
<tt>Reoptimizer</tt>, <tt>Target</tt>, <tt>Transforms</tt>, etc...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li><tt>llvm/include/Support</tt> - This directory contains generic
|
|
|
|
|
support libraries that are independant of LLVM, but are used by LLVM.
|
2003-06-30 21:59:07 +00:00
|
|
|
For example, some C++ STL utilities and a Command Line option processing
|
|
|
|
|
library.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li><tt>llvm/include/Config</tt> - This directory contains header files
|
|
|
|
|
configured by the <tt>configure</tt> script. They wrap "standard" UNIX
|
|
|
|
|
and C header files. Source code can include these header files which
|
|
|
|
|
automatically take care of the conditional #includes that the configure
|
|
|
|
|
script generates.
|
2002-07-17 23:05:56 +00:00
|
|
|
</ol>
|
2003-06-12 19:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="lib"><tt>llvm/lib</tt></a></h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003-06-30 21:59:07 +00:00
|
|
|
This directory contains most of the source files of the LLVM system. In
|
|
|
|
|
LLVM almost all
|
|
|
|
|
code exists in libraries, making it very easy to share code among the
|
2003-06-12 19:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
different <a href="#tools">tools</a>.<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dl compact>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><tt>llvm/lib/VMCore/</tt><dd> This directory holds the core LLVM
|
|
|
|
|
source files that implement core classes like Instruction and BasicBlock.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><tt>llvm/lib/AsmParser/</tt><dd> This directory holds the source code
|
|
|
|
|
for the LLVM assembly language parser library.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><tt>llvm/lib/ByteCode/</tt><dd> This directory holds code for reading
|
|
|
|
|
and write LLVM bytecode.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><tt>llvm/lib/CWriter/</tt><dd> This directory implements the LLVM to C
|
|
|
|
|
converter.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><tt>llvm/lib/Analysis/</tt><dd> This directory contains a variety of
|
|
|
|
|
different program analyses, such as Dominator Information, Call Graphs,
|
|
|
|
|
Induction Variables, Interval Identification, Natural Loop Identification,
|
|
|
|
|
etc...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><tt>llvm/lib/Transforms/</tt><dd> This directory contains the source
|
|
|
|
|
code for the LLVM to LLVM program transformations, such as Aggressive Dead
|
|
|
|
|
Code Elimination, Sparse Conditional Constant Propagation, Inlining, Loop
|
|
|
|
|
Invarient Code Motion, Dead Global Elimination, Pool Allocation, and many
|
|
|
|
|
others...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><tt>llvm/lib/Target/</tt><dd> This directory contains files that
|
|
|
|
|
describe various target architectures for code generation. For example,
|
|
|
|
|
the llvm/lib/Target/Sparc directory holds the Sparc machine
|
|
|
|
|
description.<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><tt>llvm/lib/CodeGen/</tt><dd> This directory contains the major parts
|
|
|
|
|
of the code generator: Instruction Selector, Instruction Scheduling, and
|
|
|
|
|
Register Allocation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><tt>llvm/lib/Reoptimizer/</tt><dd> This directory holds code related
|
|
|
|
|
to the runtime reoptimizer framework that is currently under development.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><tt>llvm/lib/Support/</tt><dd> This directory contains the source code
|
|
|
|
|
that corresponds to the header files located in
|
|
|
|
|
<tt>llvm/include/Support/</tt>.
|
|
|
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="test"><tt>llvm/test</tt></a></h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>This directory contains regression tests and source code that is used to
|
|
|
|
|
test the LLVM infrastructure...</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
|
|
|
|
|
<h3><a name="tools"><tt>llvm/tools</tt></a></h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>The <b>tools</b> directory contains the executables built out of the
|
|
|
|
|
libraries above, which form the main part of the user interface. You can
|
|
|
|
|
always get help for a tool by typing <tt>tool_name --help</tt>. The
|
|
|
|
|
following is a brief introduction to the most important tools.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dl compact>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><tt><b>as</b></tt><dd>The assembler transforms the human readable
|
|
|
|
|
LLVM assembly to LLVM bytecode.<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><tt><b>dis</b></tt><dd>The disassembler transforms the LLVM bytecode
|
|
|
|
|
to human readable LLVM assembly. Additionally it can convert LLVM
|
|
|
|
|
bytecode to C, which is enabled with the <tt>-c</tt> option.<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><tt><b>lli</b></tt><dd> <tt>lli</tt> is the LLVM interpreter, which
|
|
|
|
|
can directly execute LLVM bytecode (although very slowly...). In addition
|
|
|
|
|
to a simple intepreter, <tt>lli</tt> is also has debugger and tracing
|
|
|
|
|
modes (entered by specifying <tt>-debug</tt> or <tt>-trace</tt> on the
|
|
|
|
|
command line, respectively).<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><tt><b>llc</b></tt><dd> <tt>llc</tt> is the LLVM backend compiler,
|
|
|
|
|
which translates LLVM bytecode to a SPARC assembly file.<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><tt><b>llvmgcc</b></tt><dd> <tt>llvmgcc</tt> is a GCC based C frontend
|
|
|
|
|
that has been retargeted to emit LLVM code as the machine code output. It
|
|
|
|
|
works just like any other GCC compiler, taking the typical <tt>-c, -S, -E,
|
|
|
|
|
-o</tt> options that are typically used. The source code for the
|
|
|
|
|
<tt>llvmgcc</tt> tool is currently not included in the LLVM cvs tree
|
|
|
|
|
because it is quite large and not very interesting.<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><tt><b>gccas</b></tt><dd> This tool is invoked by the
|
|
|
|
|
<tt>llvmgcc</tt> frontend as the "assembler" part of the compiler. This
|
|
|
|
|
tool actually assembles LLVM assembly to LLVM bytecode,
|
2003-06-30 21:59:07 +00:00
|
|
|
performs a variety of optimizations,
|
2003-06-12 19:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
and outputs LLVM bytecode. Thus when you invoke <tt>llvmgcc -c x.c -o
|
|
|
|
|
x.o</tt>, you are causing <tt>gccas</tt> to be run, which writes the
|
|
|
|
|
<tt>x.o</tt> file (which is an LLVM bytecode file that can be
|
|
|
|
|
disassembled or manipulated just like any other bytecode file). The
|
|
|
|
|
command line interface to <tt>gccas</tt> is designed to be as close as
|
|
|
|
|
possible to the <b>system</b> '<tt>as</tt>' utility so that the gcc
|
|
|
|
|
frontend itself did not have to be modified to interface to a "wierd"
|
|
|
|
|
assembler.<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><tt><b>gccld</b></tt><dd> <tt>gccld</tt> links together several LLVM
|
|
|
|
|
bytecode files into one bytecode file and does some optimization. It is
|
|
|
|
|
the linker invoked by the gcc frontend when multiple .o files need to be
|
|
|
|
|
linked together. Like <tt>gccas</tt> the command line interface of
|
|
|
|
|
<tt>gccld</tt> is designed to match the system linker, to aid
|
|
|
|
|
interfacing with the GCC frontend.<p>
|
|
|
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><tt><b>opt</b></tt><dd> <tt>opt</tt> reads LLVM bytecode, applies a
|
|
|
|
|
series of LLVM to LLVM transformations (which are specified on the command
|
|
|
|
|
line), and then outputs the resultant bytecode. The '<tt>opt --help</tt>'
|
|
|
|
|
command is a good way to get a list of the program transformations
|
|
|
|
|
available in LLVM.<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt><tt><b>analyze</b></tt><dd> <tt>analyze</tt> is used to run a specific
|
|
|
|
|
analysis on an input LLVM bytecode file and print out the results. It is
|
|
|
|
|
primarily useful for debugging analyses, or familiarizing yourself with
|
|
|
|
|
what an analysis does.<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!--=====================================================================-->
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="tutorial">An example using the LLVM tool chain</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<!--=====================================================================-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
|
|
|
<li>First, create a simple C file, name it 'hello.c':
|
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
|
|
|
#include <stdio.h>
|
|
|
|
|
int main() {
|
|
|
|
|
printf("hello world\n");
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>Next, compile the C file into a LLVM bytecode file:<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tt>% llvmgcc hello.c -o hello</tt><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This will create two result files: <tt>hello</tt> and
|
|
|
|
|
<tt>hello.bc</tt>. The <tt>hello.bc</tt> is the LLVM bytecode that
|
|
|
|
|
corresponds the the compiled program and the library facilities that it
|
|
|
|
|
required. <tt>hello</tt> is a simple shell script that runs the bytecode
|
|
|
|
|
file with <tt>lli</tt>, making the result directly executable.<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>Run the program. To make sure the program ran, execute one of the
|
|
|
|
|
following commands:<p>
|
2003-06-11 20:46:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2003-06-12 19:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<tt>% ./hello</tt><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
or<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tt>% lli hello.bc</tt><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>Use the <tt>dis</tt> utility to take a look at the LLVM assembly
|
|
|
|
|
code:<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tt>% dis < hello.bc | less</tt><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>Compile the program to native Sparc assembly using the code
|
|
|
|
|
generator:<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tt>% llc hello.bc -o hello.s</tt><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>Assemble the native sparc assemble file into a program:<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tt>% /opt/SUNWspro/bin/cc -xarch=v9 hello.s -o hello.sparc</tt><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>Execute the native sparc program:<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tt>% ./hello.sparc</tt><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!--=====================================================================-->
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="links">Links</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<!--=====================================================================-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>This document is just an <b>introduction</b> to how to use LLVM to do
|
|
|
|
|
some simple things... there are many more interesting and complicated things
|
|
|
|
|
that you can do that aren't documented here (but we'll gladly accept a patch
|
|
|
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|
if you want to write something up!). For more information about LLVM, check
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out:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu/">LLVM homepage</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu/doxygen/">LLVM doxygen tree</a></li>
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</ul>
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<hr>
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If you have any questions or run into any snags (or you have any
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additions...), please send an email to
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<a href="mailto:sabre@nondot.org">Chris Lattner</a>.</p>
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Last modified: Tue Jun 3 22:06:43 CDT 2003
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<!-- hhmts end -->
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</body>
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2002-07-17 23:05:56 +00:00
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