I really need to find a way to automate this, but I can't come up with a regex
that has no false positives while handling tricky cases like custom check
prefixes.
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We give a bonus for every argument because the argument setup is not needed
anymore when the function is inlined. With this patch we interpret byval
arguments as a compact representation of many arguments. The byval argument
setup is implemented in the backend as an inline memcpy, so to model the
cost as accurately as possible we take the number of pointer-sized elements
in the byval argument and give a bonus of 2 instructions for every one of
those. The bonus is capped at 8 elements, which is the number of stores
at which the x86 backend switches from an expanded inline memcpy to a real
memcpy. It would be better to use the real memcpy threshold from the backend,
but it's not available via TargetData.
This change brings the performance of c-ray in line with gcc 4.7. The included
test case tries to reproduce the c-ray problem to catch regressions for this
benchmark early, its performance is dominated by the inline decision of a
specific call.
This only has a small impact on most code, more on x86 and arm than on x86_64
due to the way the ABI works. When building LLVM for x86 it gives a small
inline cost boost to virtually any function using StringRef or STL allocators,
but only a 0.01% increase in overall binary size. The size of gcc compiled by
clang actually shrunk by a couple bytes with this patch applied, but not
significantly.
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instsimplify+inline strategy.
The crux of the problem is that instsimplify was reasonably relying on
an invariant that is true within any single function, but is no longer
true mid-inline the way we use it. This invariant is that an argument
pointer != a local (alloca) pointer.
The fix is really light weight though, and allows instsimplify to be
resiliant to these situations: when checking the relation ships to
function arguments, ensure that the argumets come from the same
function. If they come from different functions, then none of these
assumptions hold. All credit to Benjamin Kramer for coming up with this
clever solution to the problem.
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another mechanical change accomplished though the power of terrible Perl
scripts.
I have manually switched some "s to 's to make escaping simpler.
While I started this to fix tests that aren't run in all configurations,
the massive number of tests is due to a really frustrating fragility of
our testing infrastructure: things like 'grep -v', 'not grep', and
'expected failures' can mask broken tests all too easily.
Essentially, I'm deeply disturbed that I can change the testsuite so
radically without causing any change in results for most platforms. =/
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versions of Bash. In addition, I can back out the change to the lit
built-in shell test runner to support this.
This should fix the majority of fallout on Darwin, but I suspect there
will be a few straggling issues.
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This was done through the aid of a terrible Perl creation. I will not
paste any of the horrors here. Suffice to say, it require multiple
staged rounds of replacements, state carried between, and a few
nested-construct-parsing hacks that I'm not proud of. It happens, by
luck, to be able to deal with all the TCL-quoting patterns in evidence
in the LLVM test suite.
If anyone is maintaining large out-of-tree test trees, feel free to poke
me and I'll send you the steps I used to convert things, as well as
answer any painful questions etc. IRC works best for this type of thing
I find.
Once converted, switch the LLVM lit config to use ShTests the same as
Clang. In addition to being able to delete large amounts of Python code
from 'lit', this will also simplify the entire test suite and some of
lit's architecture.
Finally, the test suite runs 33% faster on Linux now. ;]
For my 16-hardware-thread (2x 4-core xeon e5520): 36s -> 24s
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inline threshold if the global inline threshold is lower (as for -Oz).
Reviewed by Chandler Carruth and Bill Wendling.
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simplification has been performed. This is a bit less efficient
(requires another ilist walk of the basic blocks) but shouldn't matter
in practice. More importantly, it's just too much work to keep track of
all the various ways the return instructions can be mutated while
simplifying them. This fixes yet another crasher, reported by Daniel
Dunbar.
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dead code, including dead return instructions in some cases. Otherwise,
we end up having a bogus poniter to a return instruction that blows up
much further down the road.
It turns out that this pattern is both simpler to code, easier to update
in the face of enhancements to the inliner cleanup, and likely cheaper
given that it won't add dead instructions to the list.
Thanks to John Regehr's numerous test cases for teasing this out.
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a single missing character. Somehow, this had gone untested. I've added
tests for returns-twice logic specifically with the always-inliner that
would have caught this, and fixed the bug.
Thanks to Matt for the careful review and spotting this!!! =D
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on a per-callsite walk of the called function's instructions, in
breadth-first order over the potentially reachable set of basic blocks.
This is a major shift in how inline cost analysis works to improve the
accuracy and rationality of inlining decisions. A brief outline of the
algorithm this moves to:
- Build a simplification mapping based on the callsite arguments to the
function arguments.
- Push the entry block onto a worklist of potentially-live basic blocks.
- Pop the first block off of the *front* of the worklist (for
breadth-first ordering) and walk its instructions using a custom
InstVisitor.
- For each instruction's operands, re-map them based on the
simplification mappings available for the given callsite.
- Compute any simplification possible of the instruction after
re-mapping, and store that back int othe simplification mapping.
- Compute any bonuses, costs, or other impacts of the instruction on the
cost metric.
- When the terminator is reached, replace any conditional value in the
terminator with any simplifications from the mapping we have, and add
any successors which are not proven to be dead from these
simplifications to the worklist.
- Pop the next block off of the front of the worklist, and repeat.
- As soon as the cost of inlining exceeds the threshold for the
callsite, stop analyzing the function in order to bound cost.
The primary goal of this algorithm is to perfectly handle dead code
paths. We do not want any code in trivially dead code paths to impact
inlining decisions. The previous metric was *extremely* flawed here, and
would always subtract the average cost of two successors of
a conditional branch when it was proven to become an unconditional
branch at the callsite. There was no handling of wildly different costs
between the two successors, which would cause inlining when the path
actually taken was too large, and no inlining when the path actually
taken was trivially simple. There was also no handling of the code
*path*, only the immediate successors. These problems vanish completely
now. See the added regression tests for the shiny new features -- we
skip recursive function calls, SROA-killing instructions, and high cost
complex CFG structures when dead at the callsite being analyzed.
Switching to this algorithm required refactoring the inline cost
interface to accept the actual threshold rather than simply returning
a single cost. The resulting interface is pretty bad, and I'm planning
to do lots of interface cleanup after this patch.
Several other refactorings fell out of this, but I've tried to minimize
them for this patch. =/ There is still more cleanup that can be done
here. Please point out anything that you see in review.
I've worked really hard to try to mirror at least the spirit of all of
the previous heuristics in the new model. It's not clear that they are
all correct any more, but I wanted to minimize the change in this single
patch, it's already a bit ridiculous. One heuristic that is *not* yet
mirrored is to allow inlining of functions with a dynamic alloca *if*
the caller has a dynamic alloca. I will add this back, but I think the
most reasonable way requires changes to the inliner itself rather than
just the cost metric, and so I've deferred this for a subsequent patch.
The test case is XFAIL-ed until then.
As mentioned in the review mail, this seems to make Clang run about 1%
to 2% faster in -O0, but makes its binary size grow by just under 4%.
I've looked into the 4% growth, and it can be fixed, but requires
changes to other parts of the inliner.
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blocks in the function cloner. This removes the last case of trivially
dead code that I've been seeing in the wild getting inlined, analyzed,
re-inlined, optimized, only to be deleted. Nukes a FIXME from the
cleanup tests.
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aggressively. There are lots of dire warnings about this being expensive
that seem to predate switching to the TrackingVH-based value remapper
that is automatically updated on RAUW. This makes it easy to not just
prune single-entry PHIs, but to fully simplify PHIs, and to recursively
simplify the newly inlined code to propagate PHINode simplifications.
This introduces a bit of a thorny problem though. We may end up
simplifying a branch condition to a constant when we fold PHINodes, and
we would like to nuke any dead blocks resulting from this so that time
isn't wasted continually analyzing them, but this isn't easy. Deleting
basic blocks *after* they are fully cloned and mapped into the new
function currently requires manually updating the value map. The last
piece of the simplification-during-inlining puzzle will require either
switching to WeakVH mappings or some other piece of refactoring. I've
left a FIXME in the testcase about this.
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to instead rely on much more generic and powerful instruction
simplification in the function cloner (and thus inliner).
This teaches the pruning function cloner to use instsimplify rather than
just the constant folder to fold values during cloning. This can
simplify a large number of things that constant folding alone cannot
begin to touch. For example, it will realize that 'or' and 'and'
instructions with certain constant operands actually become constants
regardless of what their other operand is. It also can thread back
through the caller to perform simplifications that are only possible by
looking up a few levels. In particular, GEPs and pointer testing tend to
fold much more heavily with this change.
This should (in some cases) have a positive impact on compile times with
optimizations on because the inliner itself will simply avoid cloning
a great deal of code. It already attempted to prune proven-dead code,
but now it will be use the stronger simplifications to prove more code
dead.
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regressed seriously here, we are no longer removing allocas during
inline cleanup. This appears to be because of lifetime markers "using"
them. =/ I'll look into this shortly.
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It was added in 2007 as the first cut at supporting no-inline
attributes, but we didn't have function attributes of any form at the
time. However, it was added without any mention in the LangRef or other
documentation.
Later on, in 2008, Devang added function notes for 'inline=never' and
then turned them into proper function attributes. From that point
onward, as far as I can tell, the world moved on, and no one has touched
'llvm.noinline' in any meaningful way since.
It's time has now come. We have had better mechanisms for doing this for
a long time, all the frontends I'm aware of use them, and this is just
holding back progress. Given that it was never a documented feature of
the IR, I've provided no auto-upgrade support. If people know of real,
in-the-wild bitcode that relies on this, yell at me and I'll add it, but
I *seriously* doubt anyone cares.
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correlated pairs of pointer arguments at the callsite. This is designed
to recognize the common C++ idiom of begin/end pointer pairs when the
end pointer is a constant offset from the begin pointer. With the
C-based idiom of a pointer and size, the inline cost saw the constant
size calculation, and this provides the same level of information for
begin/end pairs.
In order to propagate this information we have to search for candidate
operations on a pair of pointer function arguments (or derived from
them) which would be simplified if the pointers had a known constant
offset. Then the callsite analysis looks for such pointer pairs in the
argument list, and applies the appropriate bonus.
This helps LLVM detect that half of bounds-checked STL algorithms
(such as hash_combine_range, and some hybrid sort implementations)
disappear when inlined with a constant size input. However, it's not
a complete fix due the inaccuracy of our cost metric for constants in
general. I'm looking into that next.
Benchmarks showed no significant code size change, and very minor
performance changes. However, specific code such as hashing is showing
significantly cleaner inlining decisions.
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candidate set for subsequent inlining, try to simplify the arguments to
the inner call site now that inlining has been performed.
The goal here is to propagate and fold constants through deeply nested
call chains. Without doing this, we loose the inliner bonus that should
be applied because the arguments don't match the exact pattern the cost
estimator uses.
Reviewed on IRC by Benjamin Kramer.
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introduced. Specifically, there are cost reductions for all
constant-operand icmp instructions against an alloca, regardless of
whether the alloca will in fact be elligible for SROA. That means we
don't want to abort the icmp reduction computation when we abort the
SROA reduction computation. That in turn frees us from the need to keep
a separate worklist and defer the ICmp calculations.
Use this new-found freedom and some judicious function boundaries to
factor the innards of computing the cost factor of any given instruction
out of the loop over the instructions and into static helper functions.
This greatly simplifies the code, and hopefully makes it more clear what
is happening here.
Reviewed by Eric Christopher. There is some concern that we'd like to
ensure this doesn't get out of hand, and I plan to benchmark the effects
of this change over the next few days along with some further fixes to
the inline cost.
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savings from a pointer argument becoming an alloca. Sometimes callees will even
compare a pointer to null and then branch to an otherwise unreachable block!
Detect these cases and compute the number of saved instructions, instead of
bailing out and reporting no savings.
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can't handle. Also don't produce non-zero results for things which won't be
transformed by SROA at all just because we saw the loads/stores before we saw
the use of the address.
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for pre-2.9 bitcode files. We keep x86 unaligned loads, movnt, crc32, and the
target indep prefetch change.
As usual, updating the testsuite is a PITA.
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pad, separating the exception and selector calls from the new lpad. Teaching
it not to do that, or to properly adjust the CFG afterwards, is out of
scope because it would require the other edges to the landing pad to be split
as well (effectively). Instead, just recover from the most likely cases
during inlining. The best long-term solution is to change the exception
representation and commit to either requiring or not requiring the more
complex edge-splitting logic; this is just a shorter-term hack.
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transformed by the inliner into a branch to the enclosing landing pad
(when inlined through an invoke). If not so optimized, it is lowered
DWARF EH preparation into a call to _Unwind_Resume (or _Unwind_SjLj_Resume
as appropriate). Its chief advantage is that it takes both the
exception value and the selector value as arguments, meaning that there
is zero effort in recovering these; however, the frontend is required
to pass these down, which is not actually particularly difficult.
Also document the behavior of landing pads a bit better, and make it
clearer that it's okay that personality functions don't always land at
landing pads. This is just a fact of life. Don't write optimizations that
rely on pushing things over an unwind edge.
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