//===- DeadStoreElimination.cpp - Fast Dead Store Elimination -------------===// // // The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure // // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details. // //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// // // This file implements a trivial dead store elimination that only considers // basic-block local redundant stores. // // FIXME: This should eventually be extended to be a post-dominator tree // traversal. Doing so would be pretty trivial. // //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// #define DEBUG_TYPE "dse" #include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h" #include "llvm/Constants.h" #include "llvm/Function.h" #include "llvm/GlobalVariable.h" #include "llvm/Instructions.h" #include "llvm/IntrinsicInst.h" #include "llvm/Pass.h" #include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h" #include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h" #include "llvm/Analysis/AliasAnalysis.h" #include "llvm/Analysis/Dominators.h" #include "llvm/Analysis/MemoryBuiltins.h" #include "llvm/Analysis/MemoryDependenceAnalysis.h" #include "llvm/Analysis/ValueTracking.h" #include "llvm/Target/TargetData.h" #include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/Local.h" using namespace llvm; STATISTIC(NumFastStores, "Number of stores deleted"); STATISTIC(NumFastOther , "Number of other instrs removed"); namespace { struct DSE : public FunctionPass { AliasAnalysis *AA; MemoryDependenceAnalysis *MD; static char ID; // Pass identification, replacement for typeid DSE() : FunctionPass(ID), AA(0), MD(0) { initializeDSEPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry()); } virtual bool runOnFunction(Function &F) { AA = &getAnalysis(); MD = &getAnalysis(); DominatorTree &DT = getAnalysis(); bool Changed = false; for (Function::iterator I = F.begin(), E = F.end(); I != E; ++I) // Only check non-dead blocks. Dead blocks may have strange pointer // cycles that will confuse alias analysis. if (DT.isReachableFromEntry(I)) Changed |= runOnBasicBlock(*I); AA = 0; MD = 0; return Changed; } bool runOnBasicBlock(BasicBlock &BB); bool HandleFree(CallInst *F); bool handleEndBlock(BasicBlock &BB); void RemoveAccessedObjects(const AliasAnalysis::Location &LoadedLoc, SmallPtrSet &DeadStackObjects); // getAnalysisUsage - We require post dominance frontiers (aka Control // Dependence Graph) virtual void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const { AU.setPreservesCFG(); AU.addRequired(); AU.addRequired(); AU.addRequired(); AU.addPreserved(); AU.addPreserved(); AU.addPreserved(); } }; } char DSE::ID = 0; INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(DSE, "dse", "Dead Store Elimination", false, false) INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(DominatorTree) INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(MemoryDependenceAnalysis) INITIALIZE_AG_DEPENDENCY(AliasAnalysis) INITIALIZE_PASS_END(DSE, "dse", "Dead Store Elimination", false, false) FunctionPass *llvm::createDeadStoreEliminationPass() { return new DSE(); } //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// // Helper functions //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// /// DeleteDeadInstruction - Delete this instruction. Before we do, go through /// and zero out all the operands of this instruction. If any of them become /// dead, delete them and the computation tree that feeds them. /// /// If ValueSet is non-null, remove any deleted instructions from it as well. /// static void DeleteDeadInstruction(Instruction *I, MemoryDependenceAnalysis &MD, SmallPtrSet *ValueSet = 0) { SmallVector NowDeadInsts; NowDeadInsts.push_back(I); --NumFastOther; // Before we touch this instruction, remove it from memdep! do { Instruction *DeadInst = NowDeadInsts.pop_back_val(); ++NumFastOther; // This instruction is dead, zap it, in stages. Start by removing it from // MemDep, which needs to know the operands and needs it to be in the // function. MD.removeInstruction(DeadInst); for (unsigned op = 0, e = DeadInst->getNumOperands(); op != e; ++op) { Value *Op = DeadInst->getOperand(op); DeadInst->setOperand(op, 0); // If this operand just became dead, add it to the NowDeadInsts list. if (!Op->use_empty()) continue; if (Instruction *OpI = dyn_cast(Op)) if (isInstructionTriviallyDead(OpI)) NowDeadInsts.push_back(OpI); } DeadInst->eraseFromParent(); if (ValueSet) ValueSet->erase(DeadInst); } while (!NowDeadInsts.empty()); } /// hasMemoryWrite - Does this instruction write some memory? This only returns /// true for things that we can analyze with other helpers below. static bool hasMemoryWrite(Instruction *I) { if (isa(I)) return true; if (IntrinsicInst *II = dyn_cast(I)) { switch (II->getIntrinsicID()) { default: return false; case Intrinsic::memset: case Intrinsic::memmove: case Intrinsic::memcpy: case Intrinsic::init_trampoline: case Intrinsic::lifetime_end: return true; } } return false; } /// getLocForWrite - Return a Location stored to by the specified instruction. static AliasAnalysis::Location getLocForWrite(Instruction *Inst, AliasAnalysis &AA) { if (StoreInst *SI = dyn_cast(Inst)) return AA.getLocation(SI); if (MemIntrinsic *MI = dyn_cast(Inst)) { // memcpy/memmove/memset. AliasAnalysis::Location Loc = AA.getLocationForDest(MI); // If we don't have target data around, an unknown size in Location means // that we should use the size of the pointee type. This isn't valid for // memset/memcpy, which writes more than an i8. if (Loc.Size == AliasAnalysis::UnknownSize && AA.getTargetData() == 0) return AliasAnalysis::Location(); return Loc; } IntrinsicInst *II = dyn_cast(Inst); if (II == 0) return AliasAnalysis::Location(); switch (II->getIntrinsicID()) { default: return AliasAnalysis::Location(); // Unhandled intrinsic. case Intrinsic::init_trampoline: // If we don't have target data around, an unknown size in Location means // that we should use the size of the pointee type. This isn't valid for // init.trampoline, which writes more than an i8. if (AA.getTargetData() == 0) return AliasAnalysis::Location(); // FIXME: We don't know the size of the trampoline, so we can't really // handle it here. return AliasAnalysis::Location(II->getArgOperand(0)); case Intrinsic::lifetime_end: { uint64_t Len = cast(II->getArgOperand(0))->getZExtValue(); return AliasAnalysis::Location(II->getArgOperand(1), Len); } } } /// isRemovable - If the value of this instruction and the memory it writes to /// is unused, may we delete this instruction? static bool isRemovable(Instruction *I) { // Don't remove volatile stores. if (StoreInst *SI = dyn_cast(I)) return !SI->isVolatile(); IntrinsicInst *II = cast(I); switch (II->getIntrinsicID()) { default: assert(0 && "doesn't pass 'hasMemoryWrite' predicate"); case Intrinsic::lifetime_end: // Never remove dead lifetime_end's, e.g. because it is followed by a // free. return false; case Intrinsic::init_trampoline: // Always safe to remove init_trampoline. return true; case Intrinsic::memset: case Intrinsic::memmove: case Intrinsic::memcpy: // Don't remove volatile memory intrinsics. return !cast(II)->isVolatile(); } } /// getStoredPointerOperand - Return the pointer that is being written to. static Value *getStoredPointerOperand(Instruction *I) { if (StoreInst *SI = dyn_cast(I)) return SI->getPointerOperand(); if (MemIntrinsic *MI = dyn_cast(I)) return MI->getDest(); IntrinsicInst *II = cast(I); switch (II->getIntrinsicID()) { default: assert(false && "Unexpected intrinsic!"); case Intrinsic::init_trampoline: return II->getArgOperand(0); } } static uint64_t getPointerSize(Value *V, AliasAnalysis &AA) { const TargetData *TD = AA.getTargetData(); if (TD == 0) return AliasAnalysis::UnknownSize; if (AllocaInst *A = dyn_cast(V)) { // Get size information for the alloca if (ConstantInt *C = dyn_cast(A->getArraySize())) return C->getZExtValue() * TD->getTypeAllocSize(A->getAllocatedType()); return AliasAnalysis::UnknownSize; } assert(isa(V) && "Expected AllocaInst or Argument!"); const PointerType *PT = cast(V->getType()); return TD->getTypeAllocSize(PT->getElementType()); } /// isObjectPointerWithTrustworthySize - Return true if the specified Value* is /// pointing to an object with a pointer size we can trust. static bool isObjectPointerWithTrustworthySize(const Value *V) { if (const AllocaInst *AI = dyn_cast(V)) return !AI->isArrayAllocation(); if (const GlobalVariable *GV = dyn_cast(V)) return !GV->isWeakForLinker(); if (const Argument *A = dyn_cast(V)) return A->hasByValAttr(); return false; } /// isCompleteOverwrite - Return true if a store to the 'Later' location /// completely overwrites a store to the 'Earlier' location. static bool isCompleteOverwrite(const AliasAnalysis::Location &Later, const AliasAnalysis::Location &Earlier, AliasAnalysis &AA) { const Value *P1 = Earlier.Ptr->stripPointerCasts(); const Value *P2 = Later.Ptr->stripPointerCasts(); // If the start pointers are the same, we just have to compare sizes to see if // the later store was larger than the earlier store. if (P1 == P2) { // If we don't know the sizes of either access, then we can't do a // comparison. if (Later.Size == AliasAnalysis::UnknownSize || Earlier.Size == AliasAnalysis::UnknownSize) { // If we have no TargetData information around, then the size of the store // is inferrable from the pointee type. If they are the same type, then // we know that the store is safe. if (AA.getTargetData() == 0) return Later.Ptr->getType() == Earlier.Ptr->getType(); return false; } // Make sure that the Later size is >= the Earlier size. if (Later.Size < Earlier.Size) return false; return true; } // Otherwise, we have to have size information, and the later store has to be // larger than the earlier one. if (Later.Size == AliasAnalysis::UnknownSize || Earlier.Size == AliasAnalysis::UnknownSize || Later.Size <= Earlier.Size || AA.getTargetData() == 0) return false; // Check to see if the later store is to the entire object (either a global, // an alloca, or a byval argument). If so, then it clearly overwrites any // other store to the same object. const TargetData &TD = *AA.getTargetData(); const Value *UO1 = P1->getUnderlyingObject(), *UO2 = P2->getUnderlyingObject(); // If we can't resolve the same pointers to the same object, then we can't // analyze them at all. if (UO1 != UO2) return false; // If the "Later" store is to a recognizable object, get its size. if (isObjectPointerWithTrustworthySize(UO2)) { uint64_t ObjectSize = TD.getTypeAllocSize(cast(UO2->getType())->getElementType()); if (ObjectSize == Later.Size) return true; } // Okay, we have stores to two completely different pointers. Try to // decompose the pointer into a "base + constant_offset" form. If the base // pointers are equal, then we can reason about the two stores. int64_t Off1 = 0, Off2 = 0; const Value *BP1 = GetPointerBaseWithConstantOffset(P1, Off1, TD); const Value *BP2 = GetPointerBaseWithConstantOffset(P2, Off2, TD); // If the base pointers still differ, we have two completely different stores. if (BP1 != BP2) return false; // Otherwise, we might have a situation like: // store i16 -> P + 1 Byte // store i32 -> P // In this case, we see if the later store completely overlaps all bytes // stored by the previous store. if (Off1 < Off2 || // Earlier starts before Later. Off1+Earlier.Size > Off2+Later.Size) // Earlier goes beyond Later. return false; // Otherwise, we have complete overlap. return true; } //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// // DSE Pass //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// bool DSE::runOnBasicBlock(BasicBlock &BB) { bool MadeChange = false; // Do a top-down walk on the BB. for (BasicBlock::iterator BBI = BB.begin(), BBE = BB.end(); BBI != BBE; ) { Instruction *Inst = BBI++; // Handle 'free' calls specially. if (CallInst *F = isFreeCall(Inst)) { MadeChange |= HandleFree(F); continue; } // If we find something that writes memory, get its memory dependence. if (!hasMemoryWrite(Inst)) continue; MemDepResult InstDep = MD->getDependency(Inst); // Ignore non-local store liveness. // FIXME: cross-block DSE would be fun. :) if (InstDep.isNonLocal() || // Ignore self dependence, which happens in the entry block of the // function. InstDep.getInst() == Inst) continue; // If we're storing the same value back to a pointer that we just // loaded from, then the store can be removed. if (StoreInst *SI = dyn_cast(Inst)) { if (LoadInst *DepLoad = dyn_cast(InstDep.getInst())) { if (SI->getPointerOperand() == DepLoad->getPointerOperand() && SI->getOperand(0) == DepLoad && !SI->isVolatile()) { // DeleteDeadInstruction can delete the current instruction. Save BBI // in case we need it. WeakVH NextInst(BBI); DeleteDeadInstruction(SI, *MD); if (NextInst == 0) // Next instruction deleted. BBI = BB.begin(); else if (BBI != BB.begin()) // Revisit this instruction if possible. --BBI; ++NumFastStores; MadeChange = true; continue; } } } // Figure out what location is being stored to. AliasAnalysis::Location Loc = getLocForWrite(Inst, *AA); // If we didn't get a useful location, fail. if (Loc.Ptr == 0) continue; while (!InstDep.isNonLocal()) { // Get the memory clobbered by the instruction we depend on. MemDep will // skip any instructions that 'Loc' clearly doesn't interact with. If we // end up depending on a may- or must-aliased load, then we can't optimize // away the store and we bail out. However, if we depend on on something // that overwrites the memory location we *can* potentially optimize it. // // Find out what memory location the dependant instruction stores. Instruction *DepWrite = InstDep.getInst(); AliasAnalysis::Location DepLoc = getLocForWrite(DepWrite, *AA); // If we didn't get a useful location, or if it isn't a size, bail out. if (DepLoc.Ptr == 0) break; // If we find a removable write that is completely obliterated by the // store to 'Loc' then we can remove it. if (isRemovable(DepWrite) && isCompleteOverwrite(Loc, DepLoc, *AA)) { // Delete the store and now-dead instructions that feed it. DeleteDeadInstruction(DepWrite, *MD); ++NumFastStores; MadeChange = true; // DeleteDeadInstruction can delete the current instruction in loop // cases, reset BBI. BBI = Inst; if (BBI != BB.begin()) --BBI; break; } // If this is a may-aliased store that is clobbering the store value, we // can keep searching past it for another must-aliased pointer that stores // to the same location. For example, in: // store -> P // store -> Q // store -> P // we can remove the first store to P even though we don't know if P and Q // alias. if (DepWrite == &BB.front()) break; // Can't look past this instruction if it might read 'Loc'. if (AA->getModRefInfo(DepWrite, Loc) & AliasAnalysis::Ref) break; InstDep = MD->getPointerDependencyFrom(Loc, false, DepWrite, &BB); } } // If this block ends in a return, unwind, or unreachable, all allocas are // dead at its end, which means stores to them are also dead. if (BB.getTerminator()->getNumSuccessors() == 0) MadeChange |= handleEndBlock(BB); return MadeChange; } /// HandleFree - Handle frees of entire structures whose dependency is a store /// to a field of that structure. bool DSE::HandleFree(CallInst *F) { MemDepResult Dep = MD->getDependency(F); do { if (Dep.isNonLocal()) return false; Instruction *Dependency = Dep.getInst(); if (!hasMemoryWrite(Dependency) || !isRemovable(Dependency)) return false; Value *DepPointer = getStoredPointerOperand(Dependency)->getUnderlyingObject(); // Check for aliasing. if (AA->alias(F->getArgOperand(0), 1, DepPointer, 1) != AliasAnalysis::MustAlias) return false; // DCE instructions only used to calculate that store DeleteDeadInstruction(Dependency, *MD); ++NumFastStores; // Inst's old Dependency is now deleted. Compute the next dependency, // which may also be dead, as in // s[0] = 0; // s[1] = 0; // This has just been deleted. // free(s); Dep = MD->getDependency(F); } while (!Dep.isNonLocal()); return true; } /// handleEndBlock - Remove dead stores to stack-allocated locations in the /// function end block. Ex: /// %A = alloca i32 /// ... /// store i32 1, i32* %A /// ret void bool DSE::handleEndBlock(BasicBlock &BB) { bool MadeChange = false; // Keep track of all of the stack objects that are dead at the end of the // function. SmallPtrSet DeadStackObjects; // Find all of the alloca'd pointers in the entry block. BasicBlock *Entry = BB.getParent()->begin(); for (BasicBlock::iterator I = Entry->begin(), E = Entry->end(); I != E; ++I) if (AllocaInst *AI = dyn_cast(I)) DeadStackObjects.insert(AI); // Treat byval arguments the same, stores to them are dead at the end of the // function. for (Function::arg_iterator AI = BB.getParent()->arg_begin(), AE = BB.getParent()->arg_end(); AI != AE; ++AI) if (AI->hasByValAttr()) DeadStackObjects.insert(AI); // Scan the basic block backwards for (BasicBlock::iterator BBI = BB.end(); BBI != BB.begin(); ){ --BBI; // If we find a store, check to see if it points into a dead stack value. if (hasMemoryWrite(BBI) && isRemovable(BBI)) { // See through pointer-to-pointer bitcasts Value *Pointer = getStoredPointerOperand(BBI)->getUnderlyingObject(); // Stores to stack values are valid candidates for removal. if (DeadStackObjects.count(Pointer)) { // DCE instructions only used to calculate that store. Instruction *Dead = BBI++; DeleteDeadInstruction(Dead, *MD, &DeadStackObjects); ++NumFastStores; MadeChange = true; continue; } } // Remove any dead non-memory-mutating instructions. if (isInstructionTriviallyDead(BBI)) { Instruction *Inst = BBI++; DeleteDeadInstruction(Inst, *MD, &DeadStackObjects); ++NumFastOther; MadeChange = true; continue; } if (AllocaInst *A = dyn_cast(BBI)) { DeadStackObjects.erase(A); continue; } if (CallSite CS = cast(BBI)) { // If this call does not access memory, it can't be loading any of our // pointers. if (AA->doesNotAccessMemory(CS)) continue; unsigned NumModRef = 0, NumOther = 0; // If the call might load from any of our allocas, then any store above // the call is live. SmallVector LiveAllocas; for (SmallPtrSet::iterator I = DeadStackObjects.begin(), E = DeadStackObjects.end(); I != E; ++I) { // If we detect that our AA is imprecise, it's not worth it to scan the // rest of the DeadPointers set. Just assume that the AA will return // ModRef for everything, and go ahead and bail out. if (NumModRef >= 16 && NumOther == 0) return MadeChange; // See if the call site touches it. AliasAnalysis::ModRefResult A = AA->getModRefInfo(CS, *I, getPointerSize(*I, *AA)); if (A == AliasAnalysis::ModRef) ++NumModRef; else ++NumOther; if (A == AliasAnalysis::ModRef || A == AliasAnalysis::Ref) LiveAllocas.push_back(*I); } for (SmallVector::iterator I = LiveAllocas.begin(), E = LiveAllocas.end(); I != E; ++I) DeadStackObjects.erase(*I); // If all of the allocas were clobbered by the call then we're not going // to find anything else to process. if (DeadStackObjects.empty()) return MadeChange; continue; } AliasAnalysis::Location LoadedLoc; // If we encounter a use of the pointer, it is no longer considered dead if (LoadInst *L = dyn_cast(BBI)) { LoadedLoc = AA->getLocation(L); } else if (VAArgInst *V = dyn_cast(BBI)) { LoadedLoc = AA->getLocation(V); } else if (MemTransferInst *MTI = dyn_cast(BBI)) { LoadedLoc = AA->getLocationForSource(MTI); } else { // Not a loading instruction. continue; } // Remove any allocas from the DeadPointer set that are loaded, as this // makes any stores above the access live. RemoveAccessedObjects(LoadedLoc, DeadStackObjects); // If all of the allocas were clobbered by the access then we're not going // to find anything else to process. if (DeadStackObjects.empty()) break; } return MadeChange; } /// RemoveAccessedObjects - Check to see if the specified location may alias any /// of the stack objects in the DeadStackObjects set. If so, they become live /// because the location is being loaded. void DSE::RemoveAccessedObjects(const AliasAnalysis::Location &LoadedLoc, SmallPtrSet &DeadStackObjects) { const Value *UnderlyingPointer = LoadedLoc.Ptr->getUnderlyingObject(); // A constant can't be in the dead pointer set. if (isa(UnderlyingPointer)) return; // If the kill pointer can be easily reduced to an alloca, don't bother doing // extraneous AA queries. if (isa(UnderlyingPointer) || isa(UnderlyingPointer)) { DeadStackObjects.erase(const_cast(UnderlyingPointer)); return; } SmallVector NowLive; for (SmallPtrSet::iterator I = DeadStackObjects.begin(), E = DeadStackObjects.end(); I != E; ++I) { // See if the loaded location could alias the stack location. AliasAnalysis::Location StackLoc(*I, getPointerSize(*I, *AA)); if (!AA->isNoAlias(StackLoc, LoadedLoc)) NowLive.push_back(*I); } for (SmallVector::iterator I = NowLive.begin(), E = NowLive.end(); I != E; ++I) DeadStackObjects.erase(*I); }