//===-- JITEmitter.cpp - Write machine code to executable memory ----------===// // // The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure // // This file was developed by the LLVM research group and is distributed under // the University of Illinois Open Source License. See LICENSE.TXT for details. // //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// // // This file defines a MachineCodeEmitter object that is used by the JIT to // write machine code to memory and remember where relocatable values are. // //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// #define DEBUG_TYPE "jit" #include "JIT.h" #include "llvm/Constant.h" #include "llvm/Module.h" #include "llvm/Type.h" #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineCodeEmitter.h" #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunction.h" #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineConstantPool.h" #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineRelocation.h" #include "llvm/Target/TargetData.h" #include "llvm/Target/TargetJITInfo.h" #include "llvm/Support/Debug.h" #include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h" #include "llvm/System/Memory.h" #include #include using namespace llvm; namespace { Statistic<> NumBytes("jit", "Number of bytes of machine code compiled"); Statistic<> NumRelos("jit", "Number of relocations applied"); JIT *TheJIT = 0; } //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// // JITMemoryManager code. // namespace { /// JITMemoryManager - Manage memory for the JIT code generation in a logical, /// sane way. This splits a large block of MAP_NORESERVE'd memory into two /// sections, one for function stubs, one for the functions themselves. We /// have to do this because we may need to emit a function stub while in the /// middle of emitting a function, and we don't know how large the function we /// are emitting is. This never bothers to release the memory, because when /// we are ready to destroy the JIT, the program exits. class JITMemoryManager { std::list Blocks; // List of blocks allocated by the JIT unsigned char *FunctionBase; // Start of the function body area unsigned char *GlobalBase; // Start of the Global area unsigned char *ConstantBase; // Memory allocated for constant pools unsigned char *CurStubPtr, *CurFunctionPtr, *CurConstantPtr, *CurGlobalPtr; unsigned char *GOTBase; //Target Specific reserved memory // centralize memory block allocation sys::MemoryBlock getNewMemoryBlock(unsigned size); public: JITMemoryManager(bool useGOT); ~JITMemoryManager(); inline unsigned char *allocateStub(unsigned StubSize); inline unsigned char *allocateConstant(unsigned ConstantSize, unsigned Alignment); inline unsigned char* allocateGlobal(unsigned Size, unsigned Alignment); inline unsigned char *startFunctionBody(); inline void endFunctionBody(unsigned char *FunctionEnd); inline unsigned char* getGOTBase() const; inline bool isManagingGOT() const; }; } JITMemoryManager::JITMemoryManager(bool useGOT) { // Allocate a 16M block of memory for functions sys::MemoryBlock FunBlock = getNewMemoryBlock(16 << 20); // Allocate a 1M block of memory for Constants sys::MemoryBlock ConstBlock = getNewMemoryBlock(1 << 20); // Allocate a 1M Block of memory for Globals sys::MemoryBlock GVBlock = getNewMemoryBlock(1 << 20); Blocks.push_front(FunBlock); Blocks.push_front(ConstBlock); Blocks.push_front(GVBlock); FunctionBase = reinterpret_cast(FunBlock.base()); ConstantBase = reinterpret_cast(ConstBlock.base()); GlobalBase = reinterpret_cast(GVBlock.base()); //Allocate the GOT just like a global array GOTBase = NULL; if (useGOT) GOTBase = allocateGlobal(sizeof(void*) * 8192, 8); // Allocate stubs backwards from the base, allocate functions forward // from the base. CurStubPtr = CurFunctionPtr = FunctionBase + 512*1024;// Use 512k for stubs CurConstantPtr = ConstantBase + ConstBlock.size(); CurGlobalPtr = GlobalBase + GVBlock.size(); } JITMemoryManager::~JITMemoryManager() { for (std::list::iterator ib = Blocks.begin(), ie = Blocks.end(); ib != ie; ++ib) sys::Memory::ReleaseRWX(*ib); Blocks.clear(); } unsigned char *JITMemoryManager::allocateStub(unsigned StubSize) { CurStubPtr -= StubSize; if (CurStubPtr < FunctionBase) { //FIXME: allocate a new block std::cerr << "JIT ran out of memory for function stubs!\n"; abort(); } return CurStubPtr; } unsigned char *JITMemoryManager::allocateConstant(unsigned ConstantSize, unsigned Alignment) { // Reserve space and align pointer. CurConstantPtr -= ConstantSize; CurConstantPtr = (unsigned char *)((intptr_t)CurConstantPtr & ~((intptr_t)Alignment - 1)); if (CurConstantPtr < ConstantBase) { //Either allocate another MB or 2xConstantSize sys::MemoryBlock ConstBlock = getNewMemoryBlock(2 * ConstantSize); ConstantBase = reinterpret_cast(ConstBlock.base()); CurConstantPtr = ConstantBase + ConstBlock.size(); return allocateConstant(ConstantSize, Alignment); } return CurConstantPtr; } unsigned char *JITMemoryManager::allocateGlobal(unsigned Size, unsigned Alignment) { // Reserve space and align pointer. CurGlobalPtr -= Size; CurGlobalPtr = (unsigned char *)((intptr_t)CurGlobalPtr & ~((intptr_t)Alignment - 1)); if (CurGlobalPtr < GlobalBase) { //Either allocate another MB or 2xSize sys::MemoryBlock GVBlock = getNewMemoryBlock(2 * Size); GlobalBase = reinterpret_cast(GVBlock.base()); CurGlobalPtr = GlobalBase + GVBlock.size(); return allocateGlobal(Size, Alignment); } return CurGlobalPtr; } unsigned char *JITMemoryManager::startFunctionBody() { // Round up to an even multiple of 8 bytes, this should eventually be target // specific. return (unsigned char*)(((intptr_t)CurFunctionPtr + 7) & ~7); } void JITMemoryManager::endFunctionBody(unsigned char *FunctionEnd) { assert(FunctionEnd > CurFunctionPtr); CurFunctionPtr = FunctionEnd; } unsigned char* JITMemoryManager::getGOTBase() const { return GOTBase; } bool JITMemoryManager::isManagingGOT() const { return GOTBase != NULL; } sys::MemoryBlock JITMemoryManager::getNewMemoryBlock(unsigned size) { const sys::MemoryBlock* BOld = 0; if (Blocks.size()) BOld = &Blocks.front(); //never allocate less than 1 MB sys::MemoryBlock B; try { B = sys::Memory::AllocateRWX(std::max(((unsigned)1 << 20), size), BOld); } catch (std::string& err) { std::cerr << "Allocation failed when allocating new memory in the JIT\n"; std::cerr << err << "\n"; abort(); } Blocks.push_front(B); return B; } //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// // JIT lazy compilation code. // namespace { class JITResolverState { private: /// FunctionToStubMap - Keep track of the stub created for a particular /// function so that we can reuse them if necessary. std::map FunctionToStubMap; /// StubToFunctionMap - Keep track of the function that each stub /// corresponds to. std::map StubToFunctionMap; public: std::map& getFunctionToStubMap(const MutexGuard& locked) { assert(locked.holds(TheJIT->lock)); return FunctionToStubMap; } std::map& getStubToFunctionMap(const MutexGuard& locked) { assert(locked.holds(TheJIT->lock)); return StubToFunctionMap; } }; /// JITResolver - Keep track of, and resolve, call sites for functions that /// have not yet been compiled. class JITResolver { /// MCE - The MachineCodeEmitter to use to emit stubs with. MachineCodeEmitter &MCE; /// LazyResolverFn - The target lazy resolver function that we actually /// rewrite instructions to use. TargetJITInfo::LazyResolverFn LazyResolverFn; JITResolverState state; /// ExternalFnToStubMap - This is the equivalent of FunctionToStubMap for /// external functions. std::map ExternalFnToStubMap; //map addresses to indexes in the GOT std::map revGOTMap; unsigned nextGOTIndex; public: JITResolver(MachineCodeEmitter &mce) : MCE(mce), nextGOTIndex(0) { LazyResolverFn = TheJIT->getJITInfo().getLazyResolverFunction(JITCompilerFn); } /// getFunctionStub - This returns a pointer to a function stub, creating /// one on demand as needed. void *getFunctionStub(Function *F); /// getExternalFunctionStub - Return a stub for the function at the /// specified address, created lazily on demand. void *getExternalFunctionStub(void *FnAddr); /// AddCallbackAtLocation - If the target is capable of rewriting an /// instruction without the use of a stub, record the location of the use so /// we know which function is being used at the location. void *AddCallbackAtLocation(Function *F, void *Location) { MutexGuard locked(TheJIT->lock); /// Get the target-specific JIT resolver function. state.getStubToFunctionMap(locked)[Location] = F; return (void*)LazyResolverFn; } /// getGOTIndexForAddress - Return a new or existing index in the GOT for /// and address. This function only manages slots, it does not manage the /// contents of the slots or the memory associated with the GOT. unsigned getGOTIndexForAddr(void* addr); /// JITCompilerFn - This function is called to resolve a stub to a compiled /// address. If the LLVM Function corresponding to the stub has not yet /// been compiled, this function compiles it first. static void *JITCompilerFn(void *Stub); }; } /// getJITResolver - This function returns the one instance of the JIT resolver. /// static JITResolver &getJITResolver(MachineCodeEmitter *MCE = 0) { static JITResolver TheJITResolver(*MCE); return TheJITResolver; } /// getFunctionStub - This returns a pointer to a function stub, creating /// one on demand as needed. void *JITResolver::getFunctionStub(Function *F) { MutexGuard locked(TheJIT->lock); // If we already have a stub for this function, recycle it. void *&Stub = state.getFunctionToStubMap(locked)[F]; if (Stub) return Stub; // Call the lazy resolver function unless we already KNOW it is an external // function, in which case we just skip the lazy resolution step. void *Actual = (void*)LazyResolverFn; if (F->isExternal() && F->hasExternalLinkage()) Actual = TheJIT->getPointerToFunction(F); // Otherwise, codegen a new stub. For now, the stub will call the lazy // resolver function. Stub = TheJIT->getJITInfo().emitFunctionStub(Actual, MCE); if (Actual != (void*)LazyResolverFn) { // If we are getting the stub for an external function, we really want the // address of the stub in the GlobalAddressMap for the JIT, not the address // of the external function. TheJIT->updateGlobalMapping(F, Stub); } DEBUG(std::cerr << "JIT: Stub emitted at [" << Stub << "] for function '" << F->getName() << "'\n"); // Finally, keep track of the stub-to-Function mapping so that the // JITCompilerFn knows which function to compile! state.getStubToFunctionMap(locked)[Stub] = F; return Stub; } /// getExternalFunctionStub - Return a stub for the function at the /// specified address, created lazily on demand. void *JITResolver::getExternalFunctionStub(void *FnAddr) { // If we already have a stub for this function, recycle it. void *&Stub = ExternalFnToStubMap[FnAddr]; if (Stub) return Stub; Stub = TheJIT->getJITInfo().emitFunctionStub(FnAddr, MCE); DEBUG(std::cerr << "JIT: Stub emitted at [" << Stub << "] for external function at '" << FnAddr << "'\n"); return Stub; } unsigned JITResolver::getGOTIndexForAddr(void* addr) { unsigned idx = revGOTMap[addr]; if (!idx) { idx = ++nextGOTIndex; revGOTMap[addr] = idx; DEBUG(std::cerr << "Adding GOT entry " << idx << " for addr " << addr << "\n"); // ((void**)MemMgr.getGOTBase())[idx] = addr; } return idx; } /// JITCompilerFn - This function is called when a lazy compilation stub has /// been entered. It looks up which function this stub corresponds to, compiles /// it if necessary, then returns the resultant function pointer. void *JITResolver::JITCompilerFn(void *Stub) { JITResolver &JR = getJITResolver(); MutexGuard locked(TheJIT->lock); // The address given to us for the stub may not be exactly right, it might be // a little bit after the stub. As such, use upper_bound to find it. std::map::iterator I = JR.state.getStubToFunctionMap(locked).upper_bound(Stub); assert(I != JR.state.getStubToFunctionMap(locked).begin() && "This is not a known stub!"); Function *F = (--I)->second; // We might like to remove the stub from the StubToFunction map. // We can't do that! Multiple threads could be stuck, waiting to acquire the // lock above. As soon as the 1st function finishes compiling the function, // the next one will be released, and needs to be able to find the function it needs // to call. //JR.state.getStubToFunctionMap(locked).erase(I); DEBUG(std::cerr << "JIT: Lazily resolving function '" << F->getName() << "' In stub ptr = " << Stub << " actual ptr = " << I->first << "\n"); void *Result = TheJIT->getPointerToFunction(F); // We don't need to reuse this stub in the future, as F is now compiled. JR.state.getFunctionToStubMap(locked).erase(F); // FIXME: We could rewrite all references to this stub if we knew them. // What we will do is set the compiled function address to map to the // same GOT entry as the stub so that later clients may update the GOT // if they see it still using the stub address. // Note: this is done so the Resolver doesn't have to manage GOT memory // Do this without allocating map space if the target isn't using a GOT if(JR.revGOTMap.find(Stub) != JR.revGOTMap.end()) JR.revGOTMap[Result] = JR.revGOTMap[Stub]; return Result; } // getPointerToFunctionOrStub - If the specified function has been // code-gen'd, return a pointer to the function. If not, compile it, or use // a stub to implement lazy compilation if available. // void *JIT::getPointerToFunctionOrStub(Function *F) { // If we have already code generated the function, just return the address. if (void *Addr = getPointerToGlobalIfAvailable(F)) return Addr; // Get a stub if the target supports it return getJITResolver(MCE).getFunctionStub(F); } //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// // JITEmitter code. // namespace { /// JITEmitter - The JIT implementation of the MachineCodeEmitter, which is /// used to output functions to memory for execution. class JITEmitter : public MachineCodeEmitter { JITMemoryManager MemMgr; // CurBlock - The start of the current block of memory. CurByte - The // current byte being emitted to. unsigned char *CurBlock, *CurByte; // When outputting a function stub in the context of some other function, we // save CurBlock and CurByte here. unsigned char *SavedCurBlock, *SavedCurByte; // ConstantPoolAddresses - Contains the location for each entry in the // constant pool. std::vector ConstantPoolAddresses; /// Relocations - These are the relocations that the function needs, as /// emitted. std::vector Relocations; public: JITEmitter(JIT &jit) :MemMgr(jit.getJITInfo().needsGOT()) { TheJIT = &jit; DEBUG(std::cerr << (MemMgr.isManagingGOT() ? "JIT is managing GOT\n" : "JIT is not managing GOT\n")); } virtual void startFunction(MachineFunction &F); virtual void finishFunction(MachineFunction &F); virtual void emitConstantPool(MachineConstantPool *MCP); virtual void startFunctionStub(unsigned StubSize); virtual void* finishFunctionStub(const Function *F); virtual void emitByte(unsigned char B); virtual void emitWord(unsigned W); virtual void emitWordAt(unsigned W, unsigned *Ptr); virtual void addRelocation(const MachineRelocation &MR) { Relocations.push_back(MR); } virtual uint64_t getCurrentPCValue(); virtual uint64_t getCurrentPCOffset(); virtual uint64_t getConstantPoolEntryAddress(unsigned Entry); virtual unsigned char* allocateGlobal(unsigned size, unsigned alignment); private: void *getPointerToGlobal(GlobalValue *GV, void *Reference, bool NoNeedStub); }; } MachineCodeEmitter *JIT::createEmitter(JIT &jit) { return new JITEmitter(jit); } void *JITEmitter::getPointerToGlobal(GlobalValue *V, void *Reference, bool DoesntNeedStub) { if (GlobalVariable *GV = dyn_cast(V)) { /// FIXME: If we straightened things out, this could actually emit the /// global immediately instead of queuing it for codegen later! return TheJIT->getOrEmitGlobalVariable(GV); } // If we have already compiled the function, return a pointer to its body. Function *F = cast(V); void *ResultPtr = TheJIT->getPointerToGlobalIfAvailable(F); if (ResultPtr) return ResultPtr; if (F->hasExternalLinkage() && F->isExternal()) { // If this is an external function pointer, we can force the JIT to // 'compile' it, which really just adds it to the map. if (DoesntNeedStub) return TheJIT->getPointerToFunction(F); return getJITResolver(this).getFunctionStub(F); } // Okay, the function has not been compiled yet, if the target callback // mechanism is capable of rewriting the instruction directly, prefer to do // that instead of emitting a stub. if (DoesntNeedStub) return getJITResolver(this).AddCallbackAtLocation(F, Reference); // Otherwise, we have to emit a lazy resolving stub. return getJITResolver(this).getFunctionStub(F); } void JITEmitter::startFunction(MachineFunction &F) { CurByte = CurBlock = MemMgr.startFunctionBody(); TheJIT->addGlobalMapping(F.getFunction(), CurBlock); } void JITEmitter::finishFunction(MachineFunction &F) { MemMgr.endFunctionBody(CurByte); NumBytes += CurByte-CurBlock; if (!Relocations.empty()) { NumRelos += Relocations.size(); // Resolve the relocations to concrete pointers. for (unsigned i = 0, e = Relocations.size(); i != e; ++i) { MachineRelocation &MR = Relocations[i]; void *ResultPtr; if (MR.isString()) { ResultPtr = TheJIT->getPointerToNamedFunction(MR.getString()); // If the target REALLY wants a stub for this function, emit it now. if (!MR.doesntNeedFunctionStub()) ResultPtr = getJITResolver(this).getExternalFunctionStub(ResultPtr); } else if (MR.isGlobalValue()) ResultPtr = getPointerToGlobal(MR.getGlobalValue(), CurBlock+MR.getMachineCodeOffset(), MR.doesntNeedFunctionStub()); else //ConstantPoolIndex ResultPtr = (void*)(intptr_t)getConstantPoolEntryAddress(MR.getConstantPoolIndex()); MR.setResultPointer(ResultPtr); // if we are managing the GOT and the relocation wants an index, // give it one if (MemMgr.isManagingGOT() && !MR.isConstantPoolIndex() && MR.isGOTRelative()) { unsigned idx = getJITResolver(this).getGOTIndexForAddr(ResultPtr); MR.setGOTIndex(idx); if (((void**)MemMgr.getGOTBase())[idx] != ResultPtr) { DEBUG(std::cerr << "GOT was out of date for " << ResultPtr << " pointing at " << ((void**)MemMgr.getGOTBase())[idx] << "\n"); ((void**)MemMgr.getGOTBase())[idx] = ResultPtr; } } } TheJIT->getJITInfo().relocate(CurBlock, &Relocations[0], Relocations.size(), MemMgr.getGOTBase()); } //Update the GOT entry for F to point to the new code. if(MemMgr.isManagingGOT()) { unsigned idx = getJITResolver(this).getGOTIndexForAddr((void*)CurBlock); if (((void**)MemMgr.getGOTBase())[idx] != (void*)CurBlock) { DEBUG(std::cerr << "GOT was out of date for " << (void*)CurBlock << " pointing at " << ((void**)MemMgr.getGOTBase())[idx] << "\n"); ((void**)MemMgr.getGOTBase())[idx] = (void*)CurBlock; } } DEBUG(std::cerr << "JIT: Finished CodeGen of [" << (void*)CurBlock << "] Function: " << F.getFunction()->getName() << ": " << CurByte-CurBlock << " bytes of text, " << Relocations.size() << " relocations\n"); Relocations.clear(); ConstantPoolAddresses.clear(); } void JITEmitter::emitConstantPool(MachineConstantPool *MCP) { const std::vector &Constants = MCP->getConstants(); if (Constants.empty()) return; for (unsigned i = 0, e = Constants.size(); i != e; ++i) { const Type *Ty = Constants[i]->getType(); unsigned Size = (unsigned)TheJIT->getTargetData().getTypeSize(Ty); unsigned Alignment = TheJIT->getTargetData().getTypeAlignment(Ty); void *Addr = MemMgr.allocateConstant(Size, Alignment); TheJIT->InitializeMemory(Constants[i], Addr); ConstantPoolAddresses.push_back(Addr); } } void JITEmitter::startFunctionStub(unsigned StubSize) { SavedCurBlock = CurBlock; SavedCurByte = CurByte; CurByte = CurBlock = MemMgr.allocateStub(StubSize); } void *JITEmitter::finishFunctionStub(const Function *F) { NumBytes += CurByte-CurBlock; std::swap(CurBlock, SavedCurBlock); CurByte = SavedCurByte; return SavedCurBlock; } void JITEmitter::emitByte(unsigned char B) { *CurByte++ = B; // Write the byte to memory } void JITEmitter::emitWord(unsigned W) { // This won't work if the endianness of the host and target don't agree! (For // a JIT this can't happen though. :) *(unsigned*)CurByte = W; CurByte += sizeof(unsigned); } void JITEmitter::emitWordAt(unsigned W, unsigned *Ptr) { *Ptr = W; } // getConstantPoolEntryAddress - Return the address of the 'ConstantNum' entry // in the constant pool that was last emitted with the 'emitConstantPool' // method. // uint64_t JITEmitter::getConstantPoolEntryAddress(unsigned ConstantNum) { assert(ConstantNum < ConstantPoolAddresses.size() && "Invalid ConstantPoolIndex!"); return (intptr_t)ConstantPoolAddresses[ConstantNum]; } unsigned char* JITEmitter::allocateGlobal(unsigned size, unsigned alignment) { return MemMgr.allocateGlobal(size, alignment); } // getCurrentPCValue - This returns the address that the next emitted byte // will be output to. // uint64_t JITEmitter::getCurrentPCValue() { return (intptr_t)CurByte; } uint64_t JITEmitter::getCurrentPCOffset() { return (intptr_t)CurByte-(intptr_t)CurBlock; } // getPointerToNamedFunction - This function is used as a global wrapper to // JIT::getPointerToNamedFunction for the purpose of resolving symbols when // bugpoint is debugging the JIT. In that scenario, we are loading an .so and // need to resolve function(s) that are being mis-codegenerated, so we need to // resolve their addresses at runtime, and this is the way to do it. extern "C" { void *getPointerToNamedFunction(const char *Name) { Module &M = TheJIT->getModule(); if (Function *F = M.getNamedFunction(Name)) return TheJIT->getPointerToFunction(F); return TheJIT->getPointerToNamedFunction(Name); } }