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454 lines
18 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>Using The LLVM Libraries</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="llvm.css" type="text/css">
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="doc_title">Using The LLVM Libraries</div>
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<ol>
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<li><a href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li>
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<li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
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<li><a href="#descriptions">Library Descriptions</a></li>
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<li><a href="#dependencies">Library Dependencies</a></li>
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<li><a href="#rot">Linkage Rules Of Thumb</a>
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<ol>
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<li><a href="#always">Always link LLVMCore, LLVMSupport, LLVMSystem</a>
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<li><a href="#onlyone">Never link both archive and re-linked</a>
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</ol>
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</li>
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</ol>
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<div class="doc_author">
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<p>Written by <a href="mailto:rspencer@x10sys.com">Reid Spencer</a></p>
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</div>
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<p class="doc_warning">Warning: This document is out of date, please see <a href="CommandGuide/html/llvm-config.html">llvm-config</a> for more information.</p>
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<!-- ======================================================================= -->
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<div class="doc_section"><a name="abstract">Abstract</a></div>
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>Amongst other things, LLVM is a toolkit for building compilers, linkers,
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runtime executives, virtual machines, and other program execution related
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tools. In addition to the LLVM tool set, the functionality of LLVM is
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available through a set of libraries. To use LLVM as a toolkit for
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constructing tools, a developer needs to understand what is contained in the
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various libraries, what they depend on, and how to use them. Fortunately,
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there is a tool, <tt>llvm-config</tt> to aid with this. This document
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describes the contents of the libraries and how to use <tt>llvm-config</tt>
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to generate command line options.
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</p>
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</div>
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<!-- ======================================================================= -->
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<div class="doc_section"> <a name="introduction">Introduction</a></div>
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>If you're writing a compiler, virtual machine, or any other utility based
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on LLVM, you'll need to figure out which of the many libraries files you will
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need to link with to be successful. An understanding of the contents of these
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libraries will be useful in coming up with an optimal specification for the
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libraries to link with. The purpose of this document is to reduce some of
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the trial and error that the author experienced in using LLVM.</p>
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<p>LLVM produces two types of libraries: archives (ending in <tt>.a</tt>) and
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objects (ending in <tt>.o</tt>). However, both are libraries. Libraries ending
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in <tt>.o</tt> are known as re-linked libraries because they contain all the
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compilation units of the library linked together as a single <tt>.o</tt> file.
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Furthermore, several of the libraries have <em>both</em> forms of library. The
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re-linked libraries are used whenever you want to include all symbols from the
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library. The archive libraries are used whenever you want to only resolve
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outstanding symbols at that point in the link without including everything in
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the library. </p>
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<p>If you're using the LLVM Makefile system to link your tools,you will use
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the <tt>LLVMLIBS</tt> make variable.
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(see the <a href="MakefileGuide.html#LLVMLIBS">Makefile Guide</a> for
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details). This variable specifies which LLVM libraries to link into your tool
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and the order in which they will be linked. You specify re-linked libraries by
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naming the library without a suffix. You specify archive libraries by naming
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the library with a <tt>.a</tt> suffix but without the <tt>lib</tt> prefix. The
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order in which the libraries appear in the <tt>LLVMLIBS</tt> variable
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definition is the order in which they will be linked. Getting this order
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correct for your tool can sometimes be challenging.
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</div>
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<!-- ======================================================================= -->
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<div class="doc_section"><a name="descriptions"></a>Library Descriptions</div>
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>The table below categorizes each library
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<table style="text-align:left">
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<tr><th>Library</th><th>Forms</th><th>Description</th></tr>
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<tr><th colspan="3">Core Libraries</th></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMArchive</td><td><tt>.a</tt></td>
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<td>LLVM archive reading and writing</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMAsmParser</td><td><tt>.a</tt></td>
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<td>LLVM assembly parsing</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMBCReader</td><td><tt>.a</tt></td>
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<td>LLVM bytecode reading</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMBCWriter</td><td><tt>.a</tt></td>
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<td>LLVM bytecode writing</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMCore</td><td><tt>.a</tt></td>
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<td>LLVM core intermediate representation</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMDebugger</td><td><tt>.a</tt></td>
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<td>Source level debugging support</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMLinker</td><td><tt>.a</tt></td>
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<td>Bytecode and archive linking interface</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMSupport</td><td><tt>.a</tt></td>
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<td>General support utilities</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMSystem</td><td><tt>.a</tt></td>
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<td>Operating system abstraction layer</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMbzip2</td><td><tt>.a</tt></td>
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<td>BZip2 compression library</td></tr>
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<tr><th colspan="3">Analysis Libraries</th></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMAnalysis</td><td><tt>.a</tt></td>
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<td>Various analysis passes.</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMDataStructure</td><td><tt>.o</tt></td>
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<td>Data structure analysis passes.</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMipa</td><td><tt>.a</tt></td>
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<td>Inter-procedural analysis passes.</td></tr>
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<tr><th colspan="3">Transformation Libraries</th></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMInstrumentation</td><td><tt>.a</tt></td>
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<td>Instrumentation passes.</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMipo</td><td><tt>.a</tt></td>
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<td>All inter-procedural optimization passes.</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMScalarOpts</td><td><tt>.a</tt></td>
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<td>All scalar optimization passes.</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMTransforms</td><td><tt>.a</tt></td>
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<td>Uncategorized transformation passes.</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMTransformUtils</td><td><tt>.a</tt></td>
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<td>Transformation utilities.</td></tr>
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<tr><th colspan="3">Code Generation Libraries </th></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMCodeGen</td><td><tt>.o</tt></td>
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<td>Native code generation infrastructure</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMSelectionDAG</td><td><tt>.o</tt></td>
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<td>Aggressive instruction selector for directed acyclic graphs</td></tr>
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<tr><th colspan="3">Target Libraries</th></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMAlpha</td><td><tt>.o</tt></td>
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<td>Code generation for Alpha architecture</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMARM</td><td><tt>.o</tt></td>
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<td>Code generation for ARM architecture</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMCBackend</td><td><tt>.o</tt></td>
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<td>'C' language code generator.</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMIA64</td><td><tt>.o</tt></td>
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<td>Code generation for IA64 architecture</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMPowerPC</td><td><tt>.o</tt></td>
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<td>Code generation for PowerPC architecture</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMSparc</td><td><tt>.o</tt></td>
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<td>Code generation for Sparc architecture</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMTarget</td><td><tt>.a</tt></td>
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<td>Generic code generation utilities.</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMX86</td><td><tt>.o</tt></td>
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<td>Code generation for Intel x86 architecture</td></tr>
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<tr><th colspan="3">Runtime Libraries</th></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMInterpreter</td><td><tt>.o</tt></td>
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<td>Bytecode Interpreter</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMJIT</td><td><tt>.o</tt></td>
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<td>Bytecode JIT Compiler</td></tr>
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<tr><td>LLVMExecutionEngine</td><td><tt>.o</tt></td>
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<td>Virtual machine engine</td></tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<!-- ======================================================================= -->
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<div class="doc_section"><a name="dependencies"></a>Using llvm-config</div>
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>The <tt>llvm-config</tt> tool is a perl script that produces on its output
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various kinds of information. For example, the source or object directories
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used to build LLVM can be accessed by passing options to <tt>llvm-config</tt>.
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For complete details on this tool, please see the
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<a href="CommandGuide/html/llvm-config.html">manual page</a>.</p>
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<p>To understand the relationships between libraries, the <tt>llvm-config</tt>
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can be very useful. If all you know is that you want certain libraries to
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be available, you can generate the complete set of libraries to link with
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using one of four options, as below:</p>
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<ol>
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<li><tt>--ldflags</tt>. This generates the command line options necessary to
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be passed to the <tt>ld</tt> tool in order to link with LLVM. Most notably,
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the <tt>-L</tt> option is provided to specify a library search directory
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that contains the LLVM libraries.</li>
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<li><tt>--libs</tt>. This generates command line options suitable for
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use with a gcc-style linker. That is, libraries are given with a -l option
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and object files are given with a full path.</li>
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<li><tt>--libnames</tt>. This generates a list of just the library file
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names. If you know the directory in which these files reside (see --ldflags)
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then you can find the libraries there.</li>
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<li><tt>--libfiles</tt>. This generates the full path names of the
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LLVM library files.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>If you wish to delve further into how <tt>llvm-config</tt> generates the
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correct order (based on library dependencies), please see the tool named
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<tt>GenLibDeps.pl</tt> in the <tt>utils</tt> source directory of LLVM.</p>
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<!-- =======NOTE: =========================================================-->
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<!-- === The following graphs and <dl> list are generated automatically ===-->
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<!-- === by the util named GenLibDeps.pl in the llvm/utils directory. ===-->
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<!-- === This should be updated whenever new libraries are added, ===-->
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<!-- === removed, or changed ===-->
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<!-- =======NOTE: =========================================================-->
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<h2>Dependency Relationships Of Libraries</h2>
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<p>This graph shows the dependency of archive libraries on other archive
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libraries or objects. Where a library has both archive and object forms, only
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the archive form is shown.</p>
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<img src="img/libdeps.gif" alt="Library Dependencies"/>
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<h2>Dependency Relationships Of Object Files</h2>
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<p>This graph shows the dependency of object files on archive libraries or
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other objects. Where a library has both object and archive forms, only the
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dependency to the archive form is shown.</p>
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<img src="img/objdeps.gif" alt="Object File Dependencies"/>
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<p>The following list shows the dependency relationships between libraries in
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textual form. The information is the same as shown on the graphs but arranged
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alphabetically.</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><b>libLLVMAnalysis.a</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMTarget.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>libLLVMArchive.a</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMBCReader.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>libLLVMAsmParser.a</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>libLLVMBCReader.a</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>libLLVMBCWriter.a</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>libLLVMCodeGen.a</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMAnalysis.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMTarget.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>libLLVMCore.a</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>libLLVMDebugger.a</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMBCReader.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>libLLVMInstrumentation.a</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMScalarOpts.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMTransformUtils.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>libLLVMLinker.a</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMArchive.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMBCReader.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>libLLVMScalarOpts.a</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMAnalysis.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMTarget.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMTransformUtils.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>libLLVMSelectionDAG.a</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMCodeGen.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMTarget.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMTransformUtils.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>libLLVMSupport.a</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMbzip2.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>libLLVMSystem.a</b</dt><dd></dd>
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<dt><b>libLLVMTarget.a</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMCodeGen.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSelectionDAG.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>libLLVMTransformUtils.a</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMAnalysis.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMScalarOpts.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMipa.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>libLLVMTransforms.a</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMTarget.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMTransformUtils.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>libLLVMbzip2.a</b</dt><dd></dd>
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<dt><b>libLLVMipa.a</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMAnalysis.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>libLLVMipo.a</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMAnalysis.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMTarget.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMTransformUtils.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMipa.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>LLVMARM.o</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMCodeGen.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMScalarOpts.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSelectionDAG.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMTarget.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>LLVMAlpha.o</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMCodeGen.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMScalarOpts.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSelectionDAG.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMTarget.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>LLVMCBackend.o</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMAnalysis.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMCodeGen.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMScalarOpts.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMTarget.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMipa.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>LLVMDataStructure.o</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMAnalysis.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMTarget.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>LLVMExecutionEngine.o</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMTarget.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>LLVMIA64.o</b</dt><dd><ul>
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<li>libLLVMCodeGen.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMScalarOpts.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSelectionDAG.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
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<li>libLLVMTarget.a</li>
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</ul></dd>
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<dt><b>LLVMInterpreter.o</b</dt><dd><ul>
|
|
<li>LLVMExecutionEngine.o</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMTarget.a</li>
|
|
</ul></dd>
|
|
<dt><b>LLVMJIT.o</b</dt><dd><ul>
|
|
<li>LLVMExecutionEngine.o</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMCodeGen.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMTarget.a</li>
|
|
</ul></dd>
|
|
<dt><b>LLVMPowerPC.o</b</dt><dd><ul>
|
|
<li>libLLVMCodeGen.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMScalarOpts.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMSelectionDAG.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMTarget.a</li>
|
|
</ul></dd>
|
|
<dt><b>LLVMSparc.o</b</dt><dd><ul>
|
|
<li>libLLVMCodeGen.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMScalarOpts.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMSelectionDAG.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMTarget.a</li>
|
|
</ul></dd>
|
|
<dt><b>LLVMX86.o</b</dt><dd><ul>
|
|
<li>libLLVMCodeGen.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMCore.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMScalarOpts.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMSelectionDAG.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMSupport.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMSystem.a</li>
|
|
<li>libLLVMTarget.a</li>
|
|
</ul></dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ======================================================================= -->
|
|
<div class="doc_section"><a name="rot">Linkage Rules Of Thumb</a></div>
|
|
<div class="doc_text">
|
|
<p>This section contains various "rules of thumb" about what files you
|
|
should link into your programs.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!-- ======================================================================= -->
|
|
<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="always">Always Link LLVMCore, LLVMSupport,
|
|
and LLVMSystem</a></div>
|
|
<div class="doc_text">
|
|
<p>No matter what you do with LLVM, the last three entries in the value of
|
|
your LLVMLIBS make variable should always be:
|
|
<tt>LLVMCore LLVMSupport.a LLVMSystem.a</tt>. There are no <tt>LLVM</tt>
|
|
programs that don't depend on these three.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!-- ======================================================================= -->
|
|
<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="onlyone">Never link both archive and
|
|
re-linked library</a></div>
|
|
<div class="doc_text">
|
|
<p>There is never any point to linking both the re-linked (<tt>.o</tt>) and
|
|
the archive (<tt>.a</tt>) versions of a library. Since the re-linked version
|
|
includes the entire library, the archive version will not resolve any symbols.
|
|
You could even end up with link error if you place the archive version before
|
|
the re-linked version on the linker's command line.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!-- ======================================================================= -->
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<div class="doc_footer">
|
|
<address>
|
|
<a href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/check/referer"><img
|
|
src="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/images/vcss" alt="Valid CSS!"/></a>
|
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<a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer"><img
|
|
src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-html401" alt="Valid HTML 4.01!" /></a>
|
|
<a href="mailto:rspencer@x10sys.com">Reid Spencer</a>
|
|
</address>
|
|
<a href="http://llvm.org">The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure</a>
|
|
<br>Last modified: $Date$ </div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|
|
<!-- vim: sw=2 ts=2 ai
|
|
-->
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