Peter Collingbourne 7ffec838a2 Protection against stack-based memory corruption errors using SafeStack
This patch adds the safe stack instrumentation pass to LLVM, which separates
the program stack into a safe stack, which stores return addresses, register
spills, and local variables that are statically verified to be accessed
in a safe way, and the unsafe stack, which stores everything else. Such
separation makes it much harder for an attacker to corrupt objects on the
safe stack, including function pointers stored in spilled registers and
return addresses. You can find more information about the safe stack, as
well as other parts of or control-flow hijack protection technique in our
OSDI paper on code-pointer integrity (http://dslab.epfl.ch/pubs/cpi.pdf)
and our project website (http://levee.epfl.ch).

The overhead of our implementation of the safe stack is very close to zero
(0.01% on the Phoronix benchmarks). This is lower than the overhead of
stack cookies, which are supported by LLVM and are commonly used today,
yet the security guarantees of the safe stack are strictly stronger than
stack cookies. In some cases, the safe stack improves performance due to
better cache locality.

Our current implementation of the safe stack is stable and robust, we
used it to recompile multiple projects on Linux including Chromium, and
we also recompiled the entire FreeBSD user-space system and more than 100
packages. We ran unit tests on the FreeBSD system and many of the packages
and observed no errors caused by the safe stack. The safe stack is also fully
binary compatible with non-instrumented code and can be applied to parts of
a program selectively.

This patch is our implementation of the safe stack on top of LLVM. The
patches make the following changes:

- Add the safestack function attribute, similar to the ssp, sspstrong and
  sspreq attributes.

- Add the SafeStack instrumentation pass that applies the safe stack to all
  functions that have the safestack attribute. This pass moves all unsafe local
  variables to the unsafe stack with a separate stack pointer, whereas all
  safe variables remain on the regular stack that is managed by LLVM as usual.

- Invoke the pass as the last stage before code generation (at the same time
  the existing cookie-based stack protector pass is invoked).

- Add unit tests for the safe stack.

Original patch by Volodymyr Kuznetsov and others at the Dependable Systems
Lab at EPFL; updates and upstreaming by myself.

Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D6094

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@239761 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
2015-06-15 21:07:11 +00:00
..
2015-06-13 03:28:10 +00:00
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LLVM Documentation
==================

LLVM's documentation is written in reStructuredText, a lightweight
plaintext markup language (file extension `.rst`). While the
reStructuredText documentation should be quite readable in source form, it
is mostly meant to be processed by the Sphinx documentation generation
system to create HTML pages which are hosted on <http://llvm.org/docs/> and
updated after every commit. Manpage output is also supported, see below.

If you instead would like to generate and view the HTML locally, install
Sphinx <http://sphinx-doc.org/> and then do:

    cd docs/
    make -f Makefile.sphinx
    $BROWSER _build/html/index.html

The mapping between reStructuredText files and generated documentation is
`docs/Foo.rst` <-> `_build/html/Foo.html` <-> `http://llvm.org/docs/Foo.html`.

If you are interested in writing new documentation, you will want to read
`SphinxQuickstartTemplate.rst` which will get you writing documentation
very fast and includes examples of the most important reStructuredText
markup syntax.

Manpage Output
===============

Building the manpages is similar to building the HTML documentation. The
primary difference is to use the `man` makefile target, instead of the
default (which is `html`). Sphinx then produces the man pages in the
directory `_build/man/`.

    cd docs/
    make -f Makefile.sphinx man
    man -l _build/man/FileCheck.1

The correspondence between .rst files and man pages is
`docs/CommandGuide/Foo.rst` <-> `_build/man/Foo.1`.
These .rst files are also included during HTML generation so they are also
viewable online (as noted above) at e.g.
`http://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/Foo.html`.

Checking links
==============

The reachibility of external links in the documentation can be checked by
running:

    cd docs/
    make -f Makefile.sphinx linkcheck